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1
Mazise, Amos. "Challenges and prospects of quality primary education in Zimbabwe rural schools: a case study of Kadoma rural schools." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/569.
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The study focused on investigating challenges and prospects of quality education in rural primary schools in developing countries particularly in Zimbabwe. Reviewed literature indicated that two theories; education as human capital and education as human right advanced increased access to education. Decline of quality of education in the expansion programme portrayed by the decrease of pass rates to below 50 percent, pupils’ low literacy and numeracy prompted investigation. A case study of Ngezi rural primary schools was explored using a sample of 50 respondents selected through stratified random technique. Data were gathered by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods defined as triangulation. Self- administered questionnaires for heads and teachers, interview guide for grade 7 pupils and SDC and observation guide were the instruments employed for data collection. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics. Findings were that quality of universal education was affected by inadequate supporting inputs and facilities, inappropriate teaching methods and unmotivated teachers. However 80 percent of the schools were staffed with qualified teachers depicting government’s commitment to quality education. 40 % of the schools without qualified leadership were indicative of the effect of poor school conditions to staff turn up. In studies carried out in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and India quality also declined as access was increased due to similar causes. Recommendations were to create a strong collaboration among stakeholders through communication to ensure the four conditions for quality are met simultaneously as they are interdependent and reforming the curriculum to suit means and needs of the people.
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Cruz, Avendano Rosa Maria. "An exploration of effective schools in rural Mexico : Conafe primary schools of Oaxaca." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/418028/.
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Rural populations in Mexico face numerous challenges including those related to the availability and quality of school services. This has been acutely noted in the low educational attainment facing states like Oaxaca where most of its population live in rural municipalities. To date, three main school type services are found in rural settings: indigenous, general, and community‐based schools. Community based school services are provided by the National Council for Promoting Education (CONAFE) following a particular multi‐grade approach for instruction. The evidence regarding rural schools in relation to their state of effectiveness suggested by test scores has been limited and mixed as not all rural schools are consistently –or properly‐ assessed using standardised tests. Furthermore, issues of accessibility, budget, and even micro‐politics existing in rural settings do not facilitate the further exploration of inferences made by quantitative approaches. In the case of Oaxaca, the diversity of the population requires more research that can provide account of the state of schools and their effectiveness based on stakeholders’ context and needs. Thereby, research based school interventions could meet the actual capacity of schools towards educational change and improvement. This study has been conducted using School Effectiveness and School Improvement research bases as it aims to gain a deep understanding of CONAFE rural school processes and their influence in pupil achievement in recent years. A mixed method approach has been used to look at the factors explaining two opposite pupil achievement trajectories observed in ten CONAFE multi‐grade schools in Oaxaca, Mexico. Following the multilevel nature of schools, individual, classroom and school‐community levels were analysed. The quantitative findings of this study revealed important differences at pupil level such as socioeconomic status and socio‐cultural background. At a classroom level, significant differences between instructional practices of novice and return teachers were found using structured classroom observation data. Finally, the qualitative findings noted the importance of school governance, school leadership and parental involvement in their interrelationship with classroom and pupil level factors.
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Genniker, Veronique. "Professional and personal development of school management teams in three rural primary schools." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4933.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe essential role that school management teams (SMTs) play in managing change has been debated for many years both nationally and internationally. Central to these debates has been the need to understand how to best empower SMTs through a process of continuous professional development. This research aimed to explore SMT members’ experiences of professional and personal development in three rural primary schools in the broad context of educational change in South Africa and specifically in the context of policy implementation. This aim was explored by asking the following research questions: 1. How did educational change in South Africa influence leadership and management in schools? 2. What professional development was experienced by the SMTs as they tried to embrace new roles and responsibilities within a new policy context? 3. What personal development was experienced by the SMTs as they tried to embrace new roles and responsibilities within a new policy context? 4. What are SMT members’ suggestions for enhancement of personal and professional development and support of SMTs in schools in South Africa? The literature review which grounded this study focused on three areas, namely, educational change, leadership and management in schools, and professional and personal development. An integrated theoretical framework was employed and provided the lens through which the data was collected and analysed. Key concepts within the framework included mental maps, reflexivity and authoring which were synthesised within change theory. The change theory employed emphasised the value of engaging with first, second and third orders of change to effect the facilitation of meaningful change on both a personal and professional level. SMTs from three rural primary schools in three different provinces, comprising of six educators each, participated in the study. The researcher conducted three focus groups and 18 individual interviews. The social constructivist -interpretive paradigm that framed this research study is a worldview that understands reality as being constructed when people engage with each other. Congruent with the social constructivist -interpretive paradigm is a qualitative research design, which was employed in this study to collect rich, comprehensive, in-depth data that explored the professional and personal development experiences of SMTs to illuminate the complexity of the issue being studied. The study encompassed three phases of data collection. Firstly, a detailed document analysis was conducted where policy documents, research reports and job descriptions were studied and analysed. Secondly, 18 SMT members were interviewed in three focus groups. Thirdly, the 18 SMT members were individually interviewed. Phases two and three of the data collection process employed semi-structured interviews to generate data. The data analysis employed a qualitative, thematic approach to analyse and interpret the data that emerged. A thematic approach was used to illuminate the professional and personal development experiences and challenges facing the SMTs. The thematic approach generated distinct categories that were used as descriptors to report on the findings of the research. The findings highlight the need for integrated professional and personal development, role clarification, school-based support, policy mediation and outlines implications for the development of SMTs. This research makes a contribution towards educational change in South African schools by providing insights and proposing a model of professional and personal development for SMTs. It illuminates the vital importance of first acknowledging developmental needs and then facilitating personal and professional development to effect practical implementation of change at schools as required by policy. The researcher demonstrates how three orders of change theory with related personal development concepts can be integrated into a single theory to understand and facilitate change at the level of the individual, group and organisation.
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Sekhwama, Avhashoni Molly, A. P. Kutame, and M. C. Dube. "Alternatives to corporal punishment in maintaining discipline in rural primary schools." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1820.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of academic requirement for the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Planning and Administration at the University of Zululand, 2019.The abolishment of corporal punishment has left many teachers with high stress on how to deal with undisciplined learners. Teachers in both public and independent rural primary schools find it difficult to maintain discipline resulting in the number of criminal activities and ill-discipline of learners. In South Africa, the department does not seem to be assisting educators in dealing with abusive and disruptive learners. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of alternatives to corporal punishment for maintaining discipline in rural primary schools. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used to collect data. The results of this study indicate that alternatives to corporal punishment are effectively applied in primary schools and are effective. However, some do not encourage those alternatives, they think these result in misconduct. Some educators suggest that learners need to be punished corporally in order to maintain discipline in them, which is why the majority of teachers are still practicing corporal punishment. They think it is effective in maintaining discipline. All schools using alternative methods have reported positive response to their methods in dealing with misbehaviour of learners in classroom and outdoors. It can be concluded that teachers are still applying corporal punishment in maintaining discipline and therefore need training in dealing with disruptive learners in maintaining discipline in schools as corporal punishment is lawfully banned in schools.
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Mtahabwa, Lyabwene. "Pre-primary educational policy and practice in Tanzania observations from urban and rural pre-primary schools /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38877028.
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Tshabalala, Phillip Masibi. "Numeracy performance of Grade 3 learners in rural and urban primary schools." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06302009-171742.
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Bayindir, Hasan Ali. "Personal Visions Of Teachers At A Village Primary School." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608901/index.pdf.
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The concept of personal vision refers to teachers'ideal perception of education (teaching and learning, classroom management and educational implications for the society). Teacher'
s personal vision is how he or she wants these dimensions to be. This case study analyzed personal visions of teachers at a rural primary school and investigated the effects of the school context on teachers'
personal visions. The data were collected from ten teachers through utilizing the semi-structured interview method. The researcher analyzed the obtained data through cointent analysis. The results of the study revealed that teachers'
visions considered education as a lifelong process involving a student-centered, democratic classroom environment where learning differences were given importance to
and meaningful learning and process evaluation were highlighted. According to the teachers, this educational process would lead a democratic society where science, moral values and citizenship values prevailed. The results also showed that the school context was not supportive for the teachers to achieve their visions.
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Maphutha, Mokwi Morgan. "Identifying the needs and assets of a primary school in a rural community a case study /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02072007-114729/.
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Blevins, Leia, James J. Fox, and R. Leppert. "Primary Level PBS: Two Examples of Successful Implementation and Sustainability in Rural Schools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/154.
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Tshidaho, Manyage. "Curriculum assessment policy statement support programme for Vhembe rural- based primary schools educators." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1665.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor Of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2018The Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) was adopted based on the principles of the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) to improve the quality of education in both rural and urban areas since the change-over from apartheid education in 1994. The new curriculum was also introduced in order to shift from content to outcomes-based education which experienced marked implementation challenges. The main aim of this study was to investigate challenges facing educators in schools in the rural areas in the implementation of CAPS and develop a support programme for them to promote the quality of teaching and learning in these rural schools. This quantitative study used simple random sampling using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from five hundred rural based educators. The instrument was shaped and enriched by consulting a wide range of literature on the subject to ensure its validity. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science 18 (SPSS 18) and Chi- square statistics. Results established challenges that educators are facing through lack of support programmes in the process of implementing CAPS in rural schools. It was also revealed that the majority of rural educators are not effective in implementing CAPS as they are not given support programmes. The findings of this study should assist in developing a support programme for rural based educators towards implementing the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement in a manner that it would promote quality teaching and learning. The study concludes that rural educators need to be supported for the implementation of Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement. The study recommends the implementation of the support programme to rural educators for the effective implementation of CAPS. Further research into the development of support programme in South African rural educators should be undertaken.
National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Number: CPT160513164973 and 105246).
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Sebisha, Modishane Frank. "The implementation of a code of conduct in rural primary schools in Limpopo." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52967.
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One of the key challenges facing school governing bodies in South Africa is how to maintain school discipline and create an atmosphere which is conducive to effective learning and teaching. It is anticipated that adopting a code of conduct for learners may facilitate the attainment of this goal.
The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of a code of conduct for learners in rural primary schools in Limpopo province. The investigation involved a case study of two primary schools in the Sekhukhune District. The data collection methods used included interviews and document analyses. The participants in the study comprised members of the school management teams (SMTs) as well as the principal and parent component of the school governing bodies (SGBs).
The findings revealed that, when properly implemented, such a code of conduct is an effective tool in managing the majority of learner behaviour, although it has a limited effect on serious misconduct. The study highlighted a number of challenges involved in the drafting of a code of conduct. These challenges arose primarily as a result of a lack of legislative knowledge on the part of the SGB members, as well as a lack of parental support. Parents are often away working in urban areas while children are cared for by illiterate grandparents and other family members. Additional challenges regarding the implementation of the code of conduct were mainly as a result of the lack of timely departmental support in the case of serious misconduct, peer pressure and socioeconomic factors.
The study recommended that the government should equip parents, SMTs and SGBs with the necessary skills and knowledge relating to educational law through workshops and the establishment of accessible, effective adult basic education centres. When policies are drafted, English should be used in conjunction with the other languages that are spoken by the majority of people in the area concerned, in order to ensure a better understanding of such policies than would otherwise be the case. There has to be better handling of disciplinary hearings and consistency in the implementation of the code of conduct. Teaching and learning should also be improved to minimise the necessity for learner discipline in schools.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
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Blevins, Leia, and James J. Fox. "Primary Level-School-Wide Positive Behavior Support: Two Examples of Successful Implementation and Sustainability in Rural Schools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/150.
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Katanga, Mudumbi Marcelius. "Management of learners' absenteeism in rural primary schools in the Kavango region of Namibia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60946.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate teachers? perceptions and experiences of the management of learner absenteeism in rural primary schools in the Kavango region of Namibia. This study was conducted in the Kavango region of Namibia where absenteeism has been identified as a problem in achieving quality education. A further purpose of the study was to gain some insight into the management challenges faced by teachers and the strategies they use to reduce learner absenteeism in their classes. The main research question was: How do teachers in rural primary school in the Kavango region of Namibia manage learner absenteeism? This exploratory study was conducted within an interpretive, qualitative paradigm. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to generate data and the findings of the study showed that learner absenteeism is a problem in the rural primary schools in the Kavango region of Namibia. Factors that contribute to learners absenteeism were identified and categorized as family (domestic work); individual (lack of motivation, especially over-aged learners); environmental (changing seasons, such as cold, rain and harvesting); and socio-economic (hunger).
The study also found that there is little parental participation in dealing with learner absenteeism because of the lack of teacher-parent relationships; a lack of value for education; and a lack of learner support. Furthermore, the study showed that some the classroom management challenges faced by the teachers in terms of learner absenteeism include the need to repeat lessons for absent learners; a lack of learner motivation; and other individual learner problems. Some of the strategies teachers use to reduce learner absenteeism emerged from findings of the study, including providing a school feeding scheme; presenting certificates and awards to learners for regular attendance; and establishing positive relationship strategies. It was also found that teachers apply an ethic of care in terms of modelling, dialogue, practice and confirmation in order to reduce learner absenteeism in the classroom. The ethic of care was evident in initiatives, like teachers making home visits to assess the domestic situations of learners and giving motivational talks to learners, encouraging them to care for other learners by using prefects to the encourage learners.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted
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O'Regan, David, and n/a. "A comparison of factors affecting the establishment and implementation of a gifted and talented programme in a rural primary and secondary school." University of Canberra. Education, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060822.155237.
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This research reports on the factors that a sample
of teachers in a rural Primary and Secondary School
perceive as being influential on the initiation
and implementation of a curricular innovation. The
innovation herein is the creation of a Gifted and
Talented Programme to cater for identified students
in this school, an area of current interest amongst
educators and researchers in New South Wales and
Australia. A methodology is outlined for the
collection and interpretation of data on the factors
involved, that may be employed by coordinators and
researchers interested in curricular provision for
Gifted and Talented children. In this case study
school, it was found that the factors were many and
varied, that they differed in their supportive or
inhibitive nature in the Primary and Secondary
Schools. These findings provided a foundation for
subsequent planning in the initiation stages of the
implementation of this innovation. This research had
important implications for this School that may be
of interest for future research in other schools.
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Lebese, Molatelo Prudence. "Biliteracy development in a rural primary school of Limpopo Province : an ethnographic case study." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1045.
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Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2013The research reported in this mini-dissertation is an ethnographic case study which sought to investigate the development of biliteracy in one of the rural primary schools in the Limpopo province. Its focus is on how Grade 3 learners engage with texts and the strategies that teachers use to promote biliteracy (in English and Sepedi). Data collection methods included classroom observation, semi-structured teacher interviews and analysis of teaching and learning materials and the print environment. A brief analysis of the school’s language policy was also completed. The research revealed that the learners are hardly being taught to read and write whether in Sepedi, (their home language) or in English. While the school language policy states that English should be introduced in Grade 2, it is actually taught only in Grade 3. Additionally, as the learners do not understand English, the teachers frequently code-switch into Sepedi and therefore the learners hardly get any exposure to English. Many other negative aspects were uncovered. Out of the 28 lessons scheduled to be observed only 20 lessons actually took place. The learners are therefore not actually spending the allocated time on literacy development. The teaching is highly routinised with teachers, by and large, using an approach that emphasises repetition and rote-learning. The learners hardly ever get a chance to engage with texts independently. Even the textbooks available are not used but are stored away in the cupboards. Teachers painstakingly copy material from the textbooks on to the chalkboard and learners then copy this into their exercise books. The classroom environment is uninspiring, as there are hardly any learning materials on display. The interviews showed that the teachers had not been adequately trained to teach literacy and were in fact unaware of more effective ways of getting learners to engage with texts. They saw themselves as victims of frequent policy and curricular changes and blamed Government for poor training and lack of resources. The study in fact confirms findings of earlier research that the acquisition of literacy is simply not taking place in the poor, rural schools of South Africa and there is indeed a crisis in education in these schools
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Ewa, Moses. "A study of the inclusion of primary school children in a rural district in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-the-inclusion-of-primary-school-children-in-a-rural-district-in-nigeria(a8ba8cdd-6521-4d73-9ca4-c0e1f2f0df3f).html.
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This thesis presents the findings of a multi-site case study, which explored the inclusion of primary school children in rural Cross River State, Nigeria. The research engaged specifically with the experiences of thirty 11-16-year-olds from diverse identities, drawn from primary 5 classrooms in three public primary schools sited in different rural locations within the state. In so doing, it adopted pupil presence, participation and achievement (PPA) as a conceptual framework of inclusion to examine whether education is genuinely for all primary age children within the research sites. The study was set within the context of the outcome of the 1990 Education for All (EFA) conference, which promoted universal access to education for all primary age children worldwide. As such, the investigation considered how far the selected primary schools were able to guarantee equal access, participation and achievement of all pupils under Nigeria's national education policy. It used the PPA framework to identify the drawbacks to pupil inclusion at school and to recommend measures for addressing the obstacles experienced by some learners. Qualitative data were generated via documentary analysis, observations and interviews in schools directly featuring children. Relevant data pooled from the three sources were organised and analysed thematically based upon an interpretivist perspective. Thus, analysis of data was informed by the social constructivist theory. Data analysis indicates that current provision enables schools to allow access for nearly all children. However, despite the good intentions of national policy, girls, children from minority tribes, Muslims of Hausa/Fulani origin, and children with learning difficulties and those with impairments were vulnerable to marginalisation and exclusion within the contexts of their schools. Looking through the lens of social constructivism, the thesis strongly links the disadvantages confronting the children to limited pupil voice. The situation limited the opportunity for pupils to share their perspectives about the ways such issues as gaps in national education policy and in-school factors, including classroom practices, religious attitudes, grade repetition and social interactions were affecting their inclusion in the context. Out-of-school factors were also found to have an influence, although the study did not investigate these directly. The thesis concludes by drawing out the implications and making recommendations for reforms in policy, practice and research in favour of pupil voice within Nigeria, to promote inclusion in schools. Consideration is also given to possible implications for other developing countries.
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Ribchester, Christopher Brian. "Education policy and the viability of small school provision : the social significance of small primary schools in England and Wales post 1988." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361003.
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Mlambo, Winile. "Educators’ views on the challenges facing the teaching of life skills in UMkhanyakude primary schools." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1652.
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A mini dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters Of Education in Research Methodology in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education at the University Of Zululand, 2016This study was designed to explore educators’ views on the challenges facing the teaching of Life skills in Umkhanyakude primary schools. The study was motivated, among other things, by the paucity of literature regarding educators’ views on the challenges facing Life skills in rural area primary schools. Life skills are a mandatory subject for all learners at Junior and Intermediate phases. It deals with the holistic development of the learner throughout childhood and equips them with knowledge, skills and values that will assist them to achieve their full physical, intellectual, personal, emotional and social skills (DoE 2012). To guide the study three research hypotheses were formulated and statistically tested at a/the 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using descriptive survey design. The sample for the study comprises of 202 educators in Umkhanyakude Districts primary schools. This/the sample was obtained using the random sampling. Data was obtained from the sample using a questionnaire. The questionnaire is a 24 item, which was designed in a Likert like 5 scale. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained through a sample pilot test of 60 educators and the reliability coefficient of 0.753 was obtained using the Crobach’s Alpha. The data obtained from the sample was analysed using the Chi Square with SPSS. The study’s findings revealed agreement amongst educators that there are challenges facing the Life skills teaching. In addition, the study revealed that an overwhelming majority of educators (99%) confidently agree that Life skills can be used as an intervention to counteract the challenges faced in the Life skills class. Additionally, the study revealed that biographical information like gender and post level have no significant influence on the educators’ ability to indicate different challenges experienced in Life skills class, while, on the other hand, age, phase, experience and qualifications was found to have a significant impact on the educators’ ability to indicate different challenges experienced in Life skills class. Likewise, the study revealed that there is no evidence that educators’ view on the challenges facing Life skills teaching depend on the post level and gender. The respondents’ opinions were independent of gender, meaning that males and female homogenously agree that there are challenges when teaching Life skills. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that all educators teaching Life skills must be professionally qualified as the study revealed qualification influence the teachers’ ability. More important is that educators with more years of teaching experience may be the ones teaching the subject as per the study results. It is also recommended that efforts should be made by stakeholders, especially the Department of Education, to motivate educators teaching Life skills considering the importance of Life skills education in equipping learners with essential skills to cope with the various challenges learners are facing. Efforts should be made to ensure the continuity of Life skills education as an intervention in schools. Finally, it is recommended that there should be networking and collaboration between educators; especially for those qualified and those unqualified to teach Life skills education, as the findings indicated as such.
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Khalid, Humala Shaheen. "Female teachers' and girls' access to primary schools in rural areas of Pakistan : a case study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020262/.
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This thesis examines girls' and female teachers' access to primary schools, focusing on female teachers' constraints while serving in rural areas. Boys' primary schools are not accessible to girls because of parental demands for female teachers. The conceptual framework has been developed using concepts from three major areas: the human capital concept of investment in education and significance of social rates of return for educating women; the perspectives of feminist theory on gender inequalities in education with regard to patriarchal structures in society; and the Women in Development (WID) approach advocating gender equity and recognition of women's economic contribution to their families and societies. Literature on the importance of female teachers in sex-segregated Muslim societies and girls' educational access is reviewed. Using Khan's (1993) classification of family, community and school factors, a model to classify female teachers' problems has been developed. The broad research questions are: a) what are the existing disparities in the provision of education facilities for girls and boys in urban and rural areas? b) what are the problems faced by female and male teachers working in primary schools of rural areas? c) what are the views of parents, teachers, administrators and policy makers on the education of girls and boys in rural areas? Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed. A documentary analysis of constitutional, education policy provisions and opportunities for girls' education is undertaken. Teachers, administrators and policy makers are interviewed. Parents participate in focus group discussions. Analysis shows that parents want to educate their daughters but the education of sons becomes more important because of the old-age benefits linked to a son's future income. Travelling to rural schools involves threats to the personal security of female teachers resulting in their frequent transfers. Girls' schools remain closed until new teachers are appointed. Long distances create problems of personal security for girls, female teachers and administrators, resulting in teachers' irregular attendance and poor supervision of girls' rural schools. The problem is further compounded by the unjustified favours of politicians and the monopoly of male staff in the District Education Offices.
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Muthivhi, Mashudu Julia, A. P. Kutame, and M. C. Dube. "Professional development of teachers for promoting teaching and learning in rural primary schools of Tshinane circuit." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1843.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Education in the Department of Foundations of Education in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2019.Conditions in rural schools regarding learner academic performance are still categorized as below the expected level of performance based on national and international standards. Learners and teachers continue to underperform as evidenced by poor results in schools. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which teachers are professionally developed to promote teaching and learning in rural primary schools. The study was conducted through mixed methods approach. Simple random sampling was used to select teachers from twenty-four public primary schools. Purposive sampling procedure was followed to select participants who were interviewed face-to-face. Results showed that teachers find that teacher’s professional development programmes are too demanding. The training of teachers who are at work should be conducted during school holidays to avoid disruption of classes. The study concludes that if teachers are well developed, teaching and learning would be effective. The study recommends that the department should organise workshops for teachers in rural areas and train them taking into consideration the conditions in the rural areas.
National Research Foundation of South Africa
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Sonn, Brenda Carol. "Teachers' understanding of social justice in rural education schools in the Overberg education district in the Western Cape : a grounded theory approach." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5460.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDSocial justice is embedded in the South African constitution and various policy documents as an important concept and vision for a democratic South Africa. Yet, twenty two years after democracy, South African society reflects the entrenched racial and class divisions of the past. The educational context mirrors the persistence of historical, political and social patterns of advantage and disadvantage. The position taken in this study is that social justice and social injustice are inextricably linked. This study is based on the premise that, in order to understand social justice, social injustice needs to be understood and articulated. This study was situated in a rural education district where past unequal spatial, educational and social stratifications persist. The study was conducted in four rural schools to explore twelve primary school teachers' onto-epistemological assumptions of the world and their interpretations and meanings of social justice and injustice. Three related lenses, social justice, spatial justice and epistemic injustice were used to theoretically frame the study. Teachers' life histories were explored using a grounded theory approach as methodology. A three phased reflective process was used to explore and deepen understandings of social justice. The findings suggest that the perpetuation of past injustices and inequalities are based on deeply held different racialised understandings of social justice and injustice, resulting in racially situated narratives of social justice and injustice. The present narratives of who should be taught by whom, where and what should be taught also contribute to the perpetuation of racially situated narratives and injustices. Through dialogue teachers were able to deepen their understandings of their own experience and gain insight into the experiences of the 'othe'. A further position taken in this study is that in social justice research the researcher is not neutral. This study explored the role of the social justice researcher and drew learnings of the socially just researcher as a reflexive and 'just listener'. The study makes recommendations for further socio-spatial-epistemic justice research and for its inclusion in pre-and in-service teacher courses as extensions of the development of a critical discourse on social justice in South African education.
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Motala, Tasneem. "Towards a better understanding of how to implement technology projects at rural primary schools : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97351.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, an increased effort is being made to integrate the use of technology into the public education system, as technology has proved to be beneficial to both teachers and learners. Technologies introduced in schools are not always adopted equally by all educators. There are differences in both the rate at which the technology is adopted, as well as differences in the extent to which each teacher is willing to integrate the technology into the classroom. iSchoolAfrica has extensive experience in the successful roll out and implementation of technology at schools. The objective of the research was to study iSchoolAfrica’s implementation approach, with a focus on educator engagement, to enable the generation of a set of guidelines that can be used by service providers who implement similar projects in the future. A secondary objective was to understand the reasons for resistance towards technology. Primary data was obtained via interviews with iSchoolAfrica employees. In order to include the views of a set of end-users and possibly the primary stakeholders in such projects, this study offers input from teachers at a school where iSchoolAfrica implemented a technology program. The attributes of a school have a significant impact on the success or failure of a technology project. Implementers must have a deep understanding of the management of the school and the challenges that the school faces before they undertake any technology projects. Resistance from teachers towards a technology change initiative arises for a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The main reason why teachers tend to be unwilling to adopt new technology is their lack of self-confidence in terms of their competency in using the technology. Teachers are also overwhelmed by their existing workload and may resist a technology change that they feel adds to their workload. There is also a high probability of resistance from teachers who integrate technology into lessons under duress, after exposure to inadequate training programs. Appropriate training is the primary measure used to counter potential resistance. This training should not only focus on device usage, but rather on pedagogical practices so that teachers understand how to integrate the technology into existing lessons. The role of a facilitator is also important. Although facilitators lead the training effort, they also assume a supportive role and guide the teachers through their adjustment to technology. Although resistance towards change is expected, an implementer can take proactive measures to minimise this resistance and thereby increase the probability of success of the project.
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Chimbutane, Feliciano Salvador. "The Purpose and Value of Bilingual Education : A Critical, Linguistic Ethnographic Study of Two Rural Primary Schools in Mozambique." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/667/.
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This is a qualitative, interpretive study of discourse on bilingual education in two rural primary schools in Mozambique. My aim was to explore how different views about the purpose and value of bilingual education were manifested in classroom discourse practices and how these views related to historical and socio-political processes. I combined linguistic ethnography and critical, interpretive approaches to bilingualism and bilingual education. Data was collected using different techniques, mainly observation, audio recording, note taking, and interviewing. The study showed that the main official purpose of using local languages in education in Mozambique had been to facilitate pupils’ learning. There were three sets of values associated with bilingual education in the sites in this study: pedagogical, socio-cultural and socio-economic. The use of local languages in the classrooms had been creating spaces for pupil participation and learning. I also found that the beneficiaries in the local communities focussed more on the socio-cultural value of bilingual education, which they saw as prompting the development and upgrading of their languages and associated cultural practices. The study also revealed that, with the introduction of bilingual education, participants had begun to consider the potential capital value of local languages in formal linguistic markets. The general conclusion is that bilingual education is playing a role in social and cultural transformation in the sites in this study, though its potential has yet to be fully explored.
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Ridley, John Matthew. "Directed routes or chosen pathways? : teachers' views of continuing professional development within a group of rural primary schools." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54214/.
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This research project examines teachers' Continuing Professional Development (C.P.D.) within two clusters of rural primary schools in the north of England. The research considers teachers' attitudes to, and their understanding of, the meaning and purpose of C.P.D., and how it affects themselves and the pupils they teach. The research, which is set within its historical context with particular reference to the impact of the Education Reform Act (1988) and the raft of initiatives that have influenced the direction of teachers' C. P. D., reflects on teachers as professionals. Through a combination of survey and case study, quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection were used and the initial questionnaires were followed up by semi-structured interviews in the two case study schools. Using Bolam's (1993) tripartite definition as an analytical framework C.P.D. is subdivided into the areas of training, education and support. The data analysis showed that across both clusters teachers' C.P.D. was driven by national government initiatives and, in some cases, the national initiatives became the schools' priorities, leaving little opportunity for an individual school based approach to C.P.D. Across the clusters there was an established relationship between the School Development Plan (S.D.P. ), performance management and C.P.D. The one year performance management cycle appeared to dictate the length of the C.P.D. cycle and promoted short term development, reducing opportunities for longer courses, such as advanced diplomas and higher degrees. The constraints of the cycle, along with the emphasis on the deficit model of C.P.D., is viewed as contributing to the general deprofessionalisation of teachers.
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Castillo, Castro Catalina. "Teacher practices in primary schools with high value-added scores and engaging lessons in disadvantaged communities in rural Mexico." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275368.
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This mixed methods research uses econometric analysis and thematic analysis to identify the practices of teachers, in a selected sample of disadvantaged schools in Mexico with high value-added scores and engaging lessons. In the first chapter, a review of the literature is conducted to explore the definition of student engagement, determine the factors that facilitate it, and examine its relevance for achievement. As a result of the review, student engagement was defined in the research as a metaconstruct with cognitive, behavioural and emotional components. The review revealed that student engagement is influenced by home and personal factors, school factors, and classroom factors. Among the latter, the literature provides evidence that teachers’ practices play a major role in promoting student engagement, and teachers act as mediators between student engagement and achievement. The second chapter examines the design and methodology of the research. The final four chapters investigate whether the schools in the sample fit the theoretical proposition of the research, that there are marginal primary schools in Mexico, where students outperform their peers on the national standardized test, due to the teachers’ ability to engage students; and investigate what those practices in the selected schools are. Results from a random effects model, which used data from 315 6th-grade students in 18 schools, revealed a positive and significant correlation between student engagement and teacher practices, clarity, academic press, academic personalism, trust, and rigour; and the variables parental support and teacher qualification. Results from a multiple case study conducted in two of the 18 schools, and where students reported relative high levels of student engagement, corroborated the importance of the practices, academic personalism, trust, academic press, and parental involvement. In addition, school leadership, discipline, and the students’ exposure to fun and creative lessons delivered by an enthusiastic teacher, were also found to be promoters of student engagement. The difficult socioeconomic background of the students and lack of incentives for the teachers, were found to be challenges to student engagement.
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Mulaudzi, Fulufhuwani Grace, A. P. Kutame, and I. S. Kapueja. "Challenges that heads of departments face in managing teaching of Tshivenda home language in rural primary schools of Dzindi circuit Vhembe district." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1832.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Masters in Education in the Department of Educational Planning and Administration in the Faculty of education at the University of Zululand, 2019.The 1994 democratic government of South Africa brought greater responsibility and growth of school-based management in schools which impacted on the role and workload of school leaders. Principals of public foundation phase school teachers delegated greater responsibility to Heads of Departments who had to ensure that teachers are professionally developed. The assumption was that teachers should be supported and developed professionally to do their best work with learners, and, to be retained. Despite the belief that school-based Teacher Professional Development may have a positive impact, little is known about the challenges Heads of Departments’ of Tshivenda Language in a rural context face in managing teachers for them to promote quality teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges that heads of departments face in managing the teaching of Tshivenda home language in rural primary schools of Dzindi circuit in Vhembe District. This study was positivist in nature following the quantitative research methodology. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 107 respondents from the 200 who were sampled through simple random sampling procedure. Several challenges that face the HODs were identified. These include the need to supervise teachers in the process of teaching to improve learning in schools. The study points to a strong need for workshops to fully capacitate HODs of Tshivenda in rural primary schools of Dzindi Circuit. However, the various management challenges that have emerged should be considered. Mentoring of Tshivenda Home Language teachers by HODs remains very crucial for the promotion of teaching and learning in rural primary schools of Dzindi Circuit. The study recommends a need for HODs to motivate teachers in their management process.
National Research Foundation of South Africa
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DeVault, Rebecca S. "Children at risk for reading failure in rural settings the effectiveness of kindergarten diagnostics for prediction of reading skills /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148335039.
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Cattelan, Carla. "Educação Rural no Município de Francisco Beltrão entre 1948 a 1981: a escola multisseriada." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/959.
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This research had as study object the multigrade rural schools which were built and implemented between the years 1948 and 1981 in Francisco Beltrão city. From this object I raise the following issues: How multigrade rural schools were established and held first in Vila Marrecas, and later in Francisco Beltrão, between the years 1948 and 1981? The objective has consisted in analyzing de educational historical construction that allowed the structuring of multigrade rural schools, including the challenges in the pedagogical and administrative issues articulated to social, economic, political, historical and cultural aspects that underpinned this process. The aim was delimited as beginning the year 1948 to be the year in which it has records of construction of first school, funded and sustained by the National Agricultural Colony General Osório (CANGO), a federal agency. And for being the year of installation of the seat of CANGO in Vila Marrecas Francisco Beltrão. The final cut was the year 1981, by the issuance of Executive Decree n°365, through which was ratified by the creation acts of schools in the rural zone, created so far and that were active. The intention was to rescue the historical forms of rural education, the established schools in the communities, creating a relation with the educational policy and with de changes of country life, supported by the dialectical historical materialism, to understand the historical process of multigrade rural school, I use the analysis of documentary sources, oral testimonials, photographs, newspaper clippings, journals and bibliographies about the region. The resulting analysis of this study highlighted the interest of the federal agency as the effectiveness of rural primary education and the service to existing population demand between 1940 and 1950. With the rise to municipality, Francisco Beltrão, from 1952, it incorporated together with the aid of communities, the construction and grocery of rural schools, which contributed significantly to education of all children of rural zone.
Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo as escolas rurais multisseriadas, construídas e implementadas entre os anos de 1948 e 1981 no município de Francisco Beltrão. A partir deste objeto levanto a seguinte problemática: Como as escolas rurais multisseriadas se estabeleceram e se mantiveram primeiramente em Vila Marrecas, e posteriormente em Francisco Beltrão, entre os anos de 1948 e 1981? O objetivo da pesquisa constituiu, em analisar a construção histórica educacional que permitiu a estruturação das escolas rurais multisseriadas, compreendendo os desafios enfrentados nas questões pedagógicas e administrativas articuladas aos aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos, históricos e culturais que alicerçaram esse processo. O objeto foi delimitado como início, o ano 1948, por ser o ano, no qual se tem registros, da construção da primeira escola, financiada e mantida pela Colônia Agrícola Nacional General Osório (CANGO), órgão federal. E por ser o ano de instalação da sede definitiva da CANGO em Vila Marrecas Francisco Beltrão. O recorte final foi o ano de 1981, pela emissão do decreto nº 365 do executivo, pelo qual foi ratificado os atos de criação dos estabelecimentos escolares na zona rural, criados até então e que estavam em atividade. O intuito foi resgatar as formas históricas da educação rural, as escolas constituídas nas comunidades, estabelecendo relação com a política educacional e com as transformações na vida do campo, tendo como suporte o materialismo histórico dialético, para compreender o processo histórico das escolas rurais multisseriadas, utilizo a análise de fontes documentais, depoimentos orais, fotos, matérias de jornais e revistas e bibliografias sobre a região. A análise resultante deste estudo destacou o interesse do órgão federativo quanto a efetivação da educação primária rural e o atendimento a demanda populacional existente, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950. Com a elevação a município, Francisco Beltrão, a partir de 1952, este incorporou juntamente com o auxílio das comunidades a construção e mantimento das escolas rurais, o que contribuiu significativamente para instrução de praticamente todas as crianças da zona rural.
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RIBEIRO, JÚNIOR Raimundo Gomes. "As escolas elementares rurais no Ceará : paisagens e protagonismo na fazenda Almas – Cariré (1940-1950)." www.teses.ufc.br, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7561.
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RIBEIRO JÚNIOR, Raimundo Gomes. As escolas elementares rurais no Ceará: paisagens e protagonismo na fazenda Almas – Cariré (1940-1950). 2013. 86f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-28T17:20:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-RGRJUNIOR.pdf: 395097 bytes, checksum: 9ad32ae44a2f3da0fdeddcb8997a657b (MD5)
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This research in a proposal for a study of the history and memory of brazilian education is based on finding the primary genesis of elementary rural schools in Ceará and propose an anderstanding of them. It has as starting point the elementary school of the old farm Almas in the municipality of Cariré north of state. Our goal is to understand the functioning of that school and its interface with culture rooted in semiarid landscapes typically from northeast. Traversing these paths we find the answers to same questions of our research, especially that one which seeks to justify the reasons that made those schools the protagonists of rural primary educacion during the twentieth century in our state. Our aim is to study from the educational developments in Brazil, despite the lack of resources, the importance of those schools houses, recognizing that many of them have emerged as an alternative to the education of populations in which the absence of conditions made impossible the displacement to other locations. In this way we contribute from our questions with the understanding of other teaching units and reflections of misguided policies that have been promoted in rural primary school. Then a typically urban education program without however meet the real needs of those populations beyond the suffering caused by the lack of assistence even lived with a social setting aggravated by long periods of drought.
Esta pesquisa numa proposta de estudo da história e memória da educação brasileira tem como fundamento primordial encontrar a gênese das escolas elementares rurais no Ceará e propor uma compreensão das mesmas tendo como ponto de partida a escola elementar da antiga fazenda Almas no município de Cariré, zona norte do estado. Nosso objetivo é a compreensão do funcionamento daquela escola e sua interface com a cultura enraizada nas paisagens semiáridas tipicamente nordestinas. Percorrendo esses caminhos encontramos as respostas para algumas indagações de nossa pesquisa especialmente aquela que procura justificar as razões que fizeram daquelas escolas as protagonistas da educação primária rural durante parte do século XX em nosso estado. Nosso intuito é estudar a partir da evolução educacional no Brasil a despeito de muitas ausências de recursos a importância daquelas casas escolas reconhecendo que muitas surgiram como alternativa para a instrução das populações em que a falta de condições impossibilitava o deslocamento para outras localidades. Desta forma contribuímos a partir dos nossos questionamentos com o entendimento de outras unidades de ensino e os reflexos das políticas equivocadas que foram promovidas na escola primária rural. Ou seja um programa de educação tipicamente urbano sem no entanto atender as verdadeiras necessidades daquelas populações que além do sofrimento provocado pela falta de assistência conviviam ainda com um quadro social agravado pelos longos períodos de estiagens.
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Jaffery, Zafreen. "Making Education Accessible: A Dual Case Study of Instructional Practices, Management, and Equity in a Rural and an Urban NGO School in Pakistan." PDXScholar, 2012. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/409.
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Two- thirds of Pakistan's primary aged children are enrolled in school and less than one-third complete fifth grade. Decades after the inception of the goal of primary education for all of its children, the state is unable to fulfill its promise of providing access to universal primary education. The failure of the government to provide for a system that ensures equitable opportunities for all of its children has resulted in individuals, for-profit organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) intervening to fill the void. In particular, international donor agencies (IDAs) have come forward to provide financial aid and personnel support for primary education. There is currently a dearth of research on the work of NGO schools in Pakistan, which leaves many unanswered questions about the role of NGO schools. Therefore, in this study, I examine the efficacy of not-for-profit, private schools managed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing quality education to primary school children in Pakistan. This study examined schools formed and supported by two NGOs in Pakistan and their impact on providing primary education. A dual case study approach involving a concentrated enquiry into two cases (a rural and an urban school) was used. The study focused on the following research question: How does an NGO school provide education to primary aged school children? Results corroborate previous key-findings that the NGO is the parent body which oversees management, provides training, mobilizes the community and generates the primary funds to run the schools. The study goes further to suggest that NGO leaders provide leverage and establish connections that are important for fund raising and creating opportunities for the schools to expand and work cost-efficiently. The rural NGO had created its own methodology for literacy instruction, which produced adult literate women who were then hired as primary teachers. In addition, it showed that the two schools use: (1) an eclectic approach to teaching which ranged from using public school's curriculum to local, contextually based materials to foreign British-based curriculum; (2) the shift in instructional strategies suggested movement from a behaviorist approach toward integrating constructivist methods of teaching; and (3) the flexibility in curriculum choices poses challenges as well as opportunities for growth for the teachers. These results help to frame future research by linking NGO school's instructional practices to those used in private and public school systems in Pakistan.
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JÃnior, Raimundo Gomes Ribeiro. "As Escolas Elementares Rurais no CearÃ: paisagens e protagonismo na Fazenda Almas - Carirà (1940-1950)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10860.
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nÃo hÃEsta pesquisa numa proposta de estudo da histÃria e memÃria da educaÃÃo brasileira tem como fundamento primordial encontrar a gÃnese das escolas elementares rurais no Cearà e propor uma compreensÃo das mesmas tendo como ponto de partida a escola elementar da antiga fazenda Almas no municÃpio de CarirÃ, zona norte do estado. Nosso objetivo à a compreensÃo do funcionamento daquela escola e sua interface com a cultura enraizada nas paisagens semiÃridas tipicamente nordestinas. Percorrendo esses caminhos encontramos as respostas para algumas indagaÃÃes de nossa pesquisa especialmente aquela que procura justificar as razÃes que fizeram daquelas escolas as protagonistas da educaÃÃo primÃria rural durante parte do sÃculo XX em nosso estado. Nosso intuito à estudar a partir da evoluÃÃo educacional no Brasil a despeito de muitas ausÃncias de recursos a importÃncia daquelas casas escolas reconhecendo que muitas surgiram como alternativa para a instruÃÃo das populaÃÃes em que a falta de condiÃÃes impossibilitava o deslocamento para outras localidades. Desta forma contribuÃmos a partir dos nossos questionamentos com o entendimento de outras unidades de ensino e os reflexos das polÃticas equivocadas que foram promovidas na escola primÃria rural. Ou seja um programa de educaÃÃo tipicamente urbano sem no entanto atender as verdadeiras necessidades daquelas populaÃÃes que alÃm do sofrimento provocado pela falta de assistÃncia conviviam ainda com um quadro social agravado pelos longos perÃodos de estiagens
This research in a proposal for a study of the history and memory of brazilian education is based on finding the primary genesis of elementary rural schools in Cearà and propose an anderstanding of them. It has as starting point the elementary school of the old farm Almas in the municipality of Carirà north of state. Our goal is to understand the functioning of that school and its interface with culture rooted in semiarid landscapes typically from northeast. Traversing these paths we find the answers to same questions of our research, especially that one which seeks to justify the reasons that made those schools the protagonists of rural primary educacion during the twentieth century in our state. Our aim is to study from the educational developments in Brazil, despite the lack of resources, the importance of those schools houses, recognizing that many of them have emerged as an alternative to the education of populations in which the absence of conditions made impossible the displacement to other locations. In this way we contribute from our questions with the understanding of other teaching units and reflections of misguided policies that have been promoted in rural primary school. Then a typically urban education program without however meet the real needs of those populations beyond the suffering caused by the lack of assistence even lived with a social setting aggravated by long periods of drought
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Mavuso, Mzuyanda Percival. "An exploration of the roles of the parent SGB members in the SGB: a case study of two selected rural primary schools in the King Williams Town district." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1323.
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The aim of this study was to explore the roles of the parent SGB members in the School Governing Bodies (SGB) of two selected rural primary schools in the King Williams Town District. This was achieved by applying the qualitative approach within the parameters of the interpretivist paradigm. Structured interviews, semi structured interviews, document analysis and non-participatory observation methods were used at two sites that were purposely sampled. The samples in both schools were made up of SGB chairperson, SGB secretary, treasurer, one additional member, principal and non SGB parents. From the findings it emerged that the principal and SGB chairperson work in partnership in the business of school governance. However, principals seemed to dominate their SGB chairpersons who in most cases seem to be less competent than the principals. Parent SGB members seem to be dependent upon the educators in most cases on issues of school governance and they do not differentiate between their role and that of the SMT. Most SGB subcommittees seem to be dysfunctional and it was clear from the data that educators were the persons who dealt with school finances and matters of procurement. The majority of parent SGB members do not know what policies the school must adopt.
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Blease, Bernita. "Exploring writing practices in two foundation phase rural multigrade classes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1848.
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A full dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Master in Education
Presented to the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014Writing in rural multigrade Foundation Phase schools is a largely negelected area for research and teacher development. Even those teaching multigrade classes are not sure how to approach it. There are almost no regulations or guidelines in PIRLS or government documents and reports. Nevertheless multigrade rural schooling is prevalant throughout South Africa. This gap between widespread practice and lack of theoretical acknowledgement or knowledge prompted this study. For the purposes of this study two rural multigrade Foundation Phase classes were selected in the Northern District of the Western Cape. This study answers one main question: What writing practices are being implemented in these two rural Foundation Phase multigrade classes? Two sub-questions are: How do the two Foundation Phase teachers teach writing skills to rural multigrade learners? What challenges do these two Foundation Phase teachers experience when teaching writing? Lack of research in this area required considerable time to consolidate an appropriate research methodology. To establish a scientific structure for this research certain theoretical approaches were adopted. Socio-cultural theories of learning, particularly focusing on Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and social constructivism were used. Piaget’s developmental contributions add to this research project. Cambourne’s principles and strategies were invaluable in understanding constructivism in a language classroom. Because this was a pioneering research project it took over four years to complete analysis of data from the schools and link it to the theoretical framework. A qualitative interpretative case study research design was specifically formulated to provide an objective understanding of the research questions. The data were analysed qualitatively. Four themes emerged from sub-question one and include: the pedagogy of teaching writing in a multigrade class, the importance of creating a writing ethos in the classroom, elements of writing and supporting learners in the writing process. The following six themes were identified in answering sub-question two: teacher challenges, poor socio-economic backgrounds, writing support from the WCED, creating a writing ethos including discipline, parental literacy and learner challenges. In conclusion, this research indicates that multigrade education is, far from being a recalcitrant problem or cause for apology, useful as a template for curriculum development in many other areas of education. Multigrade education provides a realistic and flexible tool for meeting urgent educational problems.
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Cloete, Jemina Elize. "'n Ondersoek na die implementering van leerderondersteuning in landelike laerskole." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9005.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how learner support has been implemented in rural, historically coloured, Afrikaans primary schools in a part of the Northern Cape, in particular with regard to what teachers, education administrators, parents and learners understand about learner support, the participants' understanding of learner support compared to the White Paper 6, to what extent schools agree and disagree in their implementation of learner support, and the indicators for realistic learner support in this context. This study made use of the conceptual framework of Transformative Inclusive Education. A qualitative research approach was followed. In this study the research design known as Appreciative Inquiry was used. Findings indicated that learner support is indeed implemented in this specific context. It is also clear that the participants have a good understanding of learner support which corresponds well with the policy position, namely that learner support entails academic support but also other developmental activities which all in the end benefit learners’ scholastic achievement. The schools agree in large part in their implementation of learner support and differ only where contextual differences dictate. The indicators for realistic learner support in this context include professional commitment, mutual dedication to each other by the school and the community, countering the potential negative effects of geographical isolation and building strong networks with external partners.Thesis (MEd (Learner Support))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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ávila, Virginia Pereira da Silva de. "A escola no tempo: a construção do tempo em escolas isoladas (Florianópolis 1930 - 1940)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2008. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2216.
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This work presents the results of a research that investigated and tried to analyze nuances between the prescribed and the lived (experienced) in relation to the time construction and organization in distant schools of Florianópolis, in the period between 1930 and 1940. Based on the analysis of the local repercussion of texts which establish changes in education in Santa Catarina state as well as on exstudents and teachers memories, it is tried to identify movements of discontinuity and persistency about the time concepts presented in documents and memory. Focus is given to the dialog among authors of history and education historiography, specially the ones related to cultural history, which conceptual similarities and particularities are of great importance for the present research. In order to investigate education history matters in Santa Catarina, studies produced on the 90 s by many pos-graduation courses were strongly considered, specially the program of UDESC Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Studies produced by UFSC Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina were considered as well. It is important to say that the introduction of school time as a constitutive element of school culture is recent; that these studies are more intensively produced in foreign countries; and that they are going to be adopted as a reference to this research whenever it is possible. In relation to the subject development, time architecture is understood from the perspective of Vinão Frago (1998), which states that the social construction is historically built by culture and by people who make it; being the school time affected by many other social times. Another analysis perspective is the one stated by Rita Gallego (2003), which emphasizes that children suffer a radical change in rhythm, time and also by the introduction of living and working rules when they start at school. According to the author, the ideas about time are not innate nor naturally elaborate, but a result of a socialization process. That is, the time is something learned and apprehended by individuals and by social groups which turns into rules and behavior to be passed and lived following determined ways. With regard with the research sources and procedures, the option was for the analysis of the educational legislation in Santa Catarina. It is considered that those documents can evidence signs between the prescribed and ruled by legislators and what was incorporate by school and by its users in distant schools. Another source of the evidences and repercussions of this ideário in the searched territory is the Manifesto of the Pioneers of the New Education
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa com que se investigou e procurou analisar nuances entre o prescrito e o vivido no que concerne à construção e organização do tempo em escolas isoladas do município de Florianópolis, no período compreendido entre 1930 e 1940. Com base na análise da repercussão local dos textos que estabelecem as reformas de ensino no estado, bem como nas lembranças de ex-alunos/as e professores/as, o trabalho visa a identificar movimentos de descontinuidades e persistências do conceito de tempo presentes na memória e nos documentos. Privilegia o diálogo com diferentes autores do campo da história e da historiografia da educação; mais especificamente, os relacionados à história cultural. Para explorar questões afetas à história da educação catarinense, incursiona pelos estudos produzidos a partir da década de 1990 em diversos programas de pós-graduação, especialmente o Programa da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, além dos estudos produzidos na própria universidade. É preciso considerar que reflexões sobre o tema, além de recentes, são mais freqüentes no âmbito internacional do que nacional. Sempre que possível, serão adotadas como referência. Em relação ao desenvolvimento da temática, foi adotada a perspectiva de Vinão Frago (1998), que concebe a arquitetura temporal como uma construção social permeada pela cultura e pelos sujeitos que a produzem. Outra perspectiva de análise utilizada é a de Rita Galllego (2003), que assinala que a criança, ao entrar na escola, sofre uma alteração brutal de ritmos, horários e regras minuciosas de trabalho e convivência. Para a autora, o tempo, como algo aprendido, internalizado pelos indivíduos e grupos sociais, transforma-se em normas e condutas a serem transmitidas e vivenciadas de determinadas maneiras. Com referência a fontes e procedimentos de pesquisa, optou-se pela legislação educacional do estado de Santa Catarina. Considera-se que tais documentos podem evidenciar marcas entre o que foi prescrito e normatizado pelos legisladores e o que foi incorporado/apropriado pela escola e seus usuários em escolas isoladas. Outra fonte das evidências e repercussões deste ideário no território pesquisado é o Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova
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Kohlhepp, Beverly Mary. "National legislation and educational provision for children with special needs : a comparative study of the impact of legislation on primary schools in selected rural areas of England and the United States through 1985." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384978.
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Van, der Wolk Karen Anne. "The development of an effective multi-media distance education programme for in-service teachers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16135.
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Bibliography: pages 136-142.This dissertation is a report of my work in schools in the Eastern Cape while assisting the Primary Education project (PREP) to develop a resource pack for in-service education. In-service education has received much attention in recent years in South Africa. Both the state sector and non-government organisations have provided various in-service interventions in an attempt to improve both the qualifications of teachers and the results of pupils in schools. However, the dismal state of education in ex-DET schools bears witness to the fact that such interventions have by and large been ineffectual. This study shows how one project developed and trialled parts of a distance learning in-service course in conjunction with junior primary farm school teachers. The need for innovative and creative models of distance education is explored and our understanding of the nature of distance learning is detailed. The study goes on to include an analysis of the political economy of farm schools. It also details the constraints acting upon teachers in such schools and shows how these impacted on the study. The research procedures and methods of data collection are outlined and a framework for analysing the data is developed and justified. The actual data generated during the study is then measured against this framework in order to gauge its effectiveness as an in-service intervention. Finally, I draw conclusions and make certain recommendations based on the evidence presented. Whilst these recommendations are tentative, they may have relevance in terms of future in-service education policies and procedures.
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Harrington, Victoria Louise. "The rationalisation of rural primary school provision : a geographical analysis." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297348.
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Wong, Ho-hang Anthony. "Dental care for primary school children in a rural area in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988144.
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Wong, Ho-hang Anthony, and 黃浩行. "Dental care for primary school children in a rural area in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40988144.
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Daddario, Michael J. "A Program Evaluation of the Reading Mastery Initiative in a Rural Primary School." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1582641523.
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Educational success and attainment, and individual sustainability depend on reading ability. School leaders, especially at the elementary and primary level, have great responsibility ensuring student success in learning to read. In this era of standards-based curriculum and high stakes testing and accountability, school leaders must be certain the programs employed to grow student reading ability are successful. This program evaluation analyzes the effects implementing a scripted, direct instruction reading program has had at a rural, primary school. Specifically, this study investigated the correlation between the Scholastic Reading Inventory and the Virginia Third Grade Reading Standards of Learning Assessment, analyzed the extent student achievement changed on the two assessments from implementing the Reading Mastery initiative, and determined the extent the practice of regrouping students for instructional alignment was utilized and the effect it had on student achievement. Findings indicate a moderate correlation between the Scholastic Reading Inventory and the Third Grade Reading Standards of Learning Assessment, a significant increase in Lexile when comparing beginning and end of year scores, a significant decline in Standards of Learning Assessment scores when comparing three years pre-Reading Mastery implementation to three years post implementation, and found that students remaining in their original program placement demonstrated greater Lexile and grade level equivalency growth than students regrouped to a lower level or accelerated. If program goals, increasing reading ability and increasing Standards of Learning pass rates are to be obtained, Reading Mastery initiative implementation will require modifications. Recommendations for policy, practice, and future studies are included.
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Daddario, Michael J. "A Program Evaluation Of The Reading Mastery Initiative In A Rural Primary School." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091575.
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Educational success and attainment, and individual sustainability depend on reading ability. School leaders, especially at the elementary and primary level, have great responsibility ensuring student success in learning to read. In this era of standards-based curriculum and high stakes testing and accountability, school leaders must be certain the programs employed to grow student reading ability are successful. This program evaluation analyzes the effects implementing a scripted, direct instruction reading program has had at a rural, primary school. Specifically, this study investigated the correlation between the Scholastic Reading Inventory and the Virginia Third Grade Reading Standards of Learning Assessment, analyzed the extent student achievement changed on the two assessments from implementing the Reading Mastery initiative, and determined the extent the practice of regrouping students for instructional alignment was utilized and the effect it had on student achievement. Findings indicate a moderate correlation between the Scholastic Reading Inventory and the Third Grade Reading Standards of Learning Assessment, a significant increase in Lexile when comparing beginning and end of year scores, a significant decline in Standards of Learning Assessment scores when comparing three years pre-Reading Mastery implementation to three years post implementation, and found that students remaining in their original program placement demonstrated greater Lexile and grade level equivalency growth than students regrouped to a lower level or accelerated. If program goals, increasing reading ability and increasing Standards of Learning pass rates are to be obtained, Reading Mastery initiative implementation will require modifications. Recommendations for policy, practice, and future studies are included.
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Chui, Hing-chuen. "Physical activity patterns of primary school children in urban and rural areas in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18939089.
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Magyar, Anna. "Deconstructing the boundaries of culture studies in a French and English rural primary school." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338363.
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Uiseb, Gerson. "An exploration of teacher leadership: a case study in a Namibian rural primary school." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001715.
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The Namibian education system has undergone a policy shift from a top-down leadership practice or head-centred leadership to a more shared form of leadership in schools. Existing policy documents call for teacher participation in school level decision-making structures and processes as teachers often are involved in other activities and have been through life experiences which equip them with leadership skills. These policies clearly stipulate that school principals cannot lead and manage the schools alone, but should involve teachers and other stakeholders in leadership activities. This study explored teacher leadership in a rural primary school in the Otjozondjupa region of Namibia. The study explored the understanding of the concept teacher leadership, the practice of teacher leadership and the enhancing factors as well as barriers to teacher leadership practice. A qualitative interpretative case study was conducted. Interviews, document analysis, focus group interviews, a questionnaire and observation were employed to produce data with regard to teacher leadership practices in the case study school. The data were analysed thematically using Grant’s (2008) model of teacher leadership. Findings revealed that the concept of teacher leadership was understood as teachers leading both within and beyond the classroom. Teacher leadership was practiced across the fours zones of teacher leadership (after Grant, 2008), but to varying degrees. It could be categorized as emergent teacher leadership (after Muijs and Harris, 2005) within a formal distributed leadership framework (MacBeath, 2005). Teacher leadership in the case study school was enhanced by collaboration among staff and involvement of teachers in school level decision-making. However, barriers to teacher leadership at the case study school included holding on to power by the principal, teachers’ negative attitudes towards teacher leadership, a lack of incentives, a lack of time due to a heavy work load and a lack of professional development.
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Kelly, Angela, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Chameleon Principal: A reconceptualisation of the notion of leadership as seen within the context of a rural primary school and its community." Australian Catholic University. School of Teaching and Learning, 2008. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp189.09122008.
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This narrative autoethnography tells the story of a small rural community over a ten year period through the ethnographic eye. It is told within the context of a primary rural school and the community that supports it. It reflects the aspirations, the pain and the dreams of the community. Within the telling of stories, lies the question of what a leader needs to ‘be’ for the people (the concept of educational leadership). This ‘being’ for the people should certainly be part of the body of thought on educational leadership. The literature review examines concepts of educational leadership pertaining to aspects or issues of change, community, teaching and learning and the inner life of the Principal. These issues are explored within the framework of the school and its community. Combining literary and ethnographic techniques allows the creation of a story that intends to devise a concept of educational leadership created by and authentic to the community to which the leadership belongs. This narrative autoethnography provides the vehicle for the researcher to explore Principal / Leadership. It connects modern day educational theory to an understanding of lived experiences – the stories lived by the people in the research. A multi-perspective approach is applied to provide analytical interpretation and reflection of the lived experience documented. The findings of this research study suggest that Principals need to reflect on the lived experiences of the communities they are within in order to understand the path of leadership. The research strongly recognizes that the formation of meaningful, ethical relationships is a vital foundation for authentic leading in an education world that is constantly changing.
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Chui, Hing-chuen, and 徐慶存. "Physical activity patterns of primary school children in urban and rural areas in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959325.
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Felix, Alan Alistair. "Dominant pedagogies used in three rural geography primary school classrooms in the west coast district." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2133.
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Thesis (MTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.The question arose whether the teaching of primary school Geography teachers could be a factor for the declining Grade 12 pass rate in Geography. It is within this context that the researcher decided to investigate the quality of Geography teaching and learning in three rural primary schools in Grades 4 – 6. The theories of Shulman’s (1987) Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and Koehler and Mishra’s (2009) Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framed this research. Although the Intermediate Phase curriculum provides a general education experience, the teacher needs to adopt teaching strategies that will deliver geographical knowledge, skills and values, which will enable all learners to function effectively and responsibly in space-place and time. A qualitative research design was employed for this study using interviews and observations. Six teachers were purposively selected for this study. These schools are in high poverty rural communities and the medium of instruction is Afrikaans. The data was both inductively and deductively analyzed. The findings indicate that the most used pedagogy by these six teachers was the Lecture Method in combination with the Question and Answer Method. It was found that teachers do not have adequate content knowledge about the different pedagogies. This research was an exploratory investigation into the pedagogies used in Geography and offer three recommendations: recommendations for teaching Geography in rural multi-grade classrooms, recommendations for WCED and further research.
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Longe, Paul Gavin. "The occupational aspirations and gender stereotypes of rural Xhosa-speaking senior primary children." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/671.
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South Africa provides a rich and challenging socio-political context in which to conduct career development research. South African children face a unique range of social, cultural and economic challenges such as poverty and the impact of HIV/AIDS on the family system which influence their career development. Internationally there has been a call for research that explores children’s career development as the majority of extant career research focuses its attention on the career development of adolescents and adults. The focus in South Africa is no different and despite the introduction of career education into the most recent school curriculum (Curriculum 21), there remains a void in South African child career development research. As such children’s career education and guidance has not been guided by local research findings. The findings of the present research will provide important baseline information relating to the career development of rural Xhosa-speaking senior primary school children. With this in mind, the present research aimed to explore and describe the occupational aspirations of male and female rural Xhosa-speaking senior primary school children. The present research also aimed to explore and describe the ways in which children assign gender-based stereotypes to different occupations. In order to provide a rich theoretical foundation for the present research, child developmental theories and developmental theories of career development as well as post-modern constructivist theories of career development have been used. The present research is quantitative in nature and makes use of the Revised Career Awareness Survey, a self-report questionnaire, which was originally designed to explore children’s knowledge and understanding of the world of work and to gain insight into the way in which they form gender-based occupational stereotypes. Three rural schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were selected using a non-probability, purposive sampling method. From these schools, a non probability, convenience sample of 292 grade 6 and 7 learners was asked to complete the measure. The information gathered was then coded into nominal categories and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results from the present research indicate that rural Xhosa-speaking senior primary school children tend to aspire towards more Social and Investigative type occupations in the high status level category. The findings showed that rural Xhosa speaking senior primary school children tend to limit the range of occupations which they believe men and women can do. Here it was found that Social type jobs and household chores were most frequently named as jobs that women can do. The children in the present research listed Realistic type occupations most frequently as jobs that men can do, and least often as being jobs that women can do. It was also established that housework activities and other ‘domestic’ jobs are not seen by the participants as jobs that men can do. The results of the present research should not only inform the field of child career development in South Africa, but can also be meaningfully applied to the development of future career education programs at the primary school level in South Africa.
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Wedin, Åsa. "Literacy Practices in and out of School in Karagwe : The case of primary school literacy education in rural Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Centre for Research on Bilingualism, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-236.
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This study has investigated the question of relation between literacy practices in and out of school in rural Tanzania. By using the perspective of linguistic anthropology, literacy practices in five villages in Karagwe district in the northwest of Tanzania have been analysed. The outcome may be used as a basis for educational planning and literacy programs.
The analysis has revealed an intimate relation between language, literacy and power. In Karagwe, traditional élites have drawn on literacy to construct and reconstruct their authority, while new élites, such as individual women and some young people have been able to use literacy as one tool to get access to power. The study has also revealed a high level of bilingualism and a high emphasis on education in the area, which prove a potential for future education in the area. At the same time discontinuity in language use, mainly caused by stigmatisation of what is perceived as local and traditional, such as the mother-tongue of the majority of the children, and the high status accrued to all that is perceived as Western, has turned out to constitute a great obstacle for pupils’ learning.
The use of ethnographic perspectives has enabled comparisons between interactional patterns in schools and outside school. This has revealed communicative patterns in school that hinder pupils’ learning, while the same patterns in other discourses reinforce learning. By using ethnography, relations between explicit and implicit language ideologies and their impact in educational contexts may be revealed. This knowledge may then be used to make educational plans and literacy programmes more relevant and efficient, not only in poor post-colonial settings such as Tanzania, but also elsewhere, such as in Western settings.