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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural livelihood development'
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1
Osumanu, Issaka Kanton. "Small-scale Mining and Livelihood Dynamics in North-eastern Ghana: Sustaining Rural Livelihoods in a Changing Environment." Progress in Development Studies 20, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993420934223.
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This article examines the dynamics of rural livelihoods in north-eastern Ghana within the context of a changing environment using evidence from the artisanal small-scale mining (ASM) sector. It employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study shows that the challenges which confront rural subsistence farmers, including production risks of land degradation and encroachment on farmlands by ASM operations, are the main drivers of livelihood transformation by rural farmers. The study underscores that many rural farmers are pushed into ASM out of necessity, rather than being pulled by other reasons including a ‘get rich quick’ expectation. Drawing on the prevailing trend of livelihood diversification in rural communities, the study recommends incorporation of ASM activities into a broader rural livelihood framework through the development of supplementary livelihood programmes. This can provide opportunities for sustaining rural livelihoods. Although there has been recent literature on the dangers and contributions of ASM, this study makes a contribution to development studies thinking about ASM by underscoring the vulnerabilities as well as the resiliency of ASM households and communities.
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Li, Huiqin, Tinghong Guo, Peter Nijkamp, Xuelian Xie, and Jingjing Liu. "Farmers’ Livelihood Adaptability in Rural Tourism Destinations: An Evaluation Study of Rural Revitalization in China." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229544.
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Rural tourism is one of the important ways to achieve rural revitalization and one of the choices for farmers to improve their viability. Therefore, the socio-ecological systems (SES) analysis framework and obstacle factor analysis can provide a new perspective for the evaluation of farmers’ behavior adaptation processes. In order to test the adaptation mechanisms of farmers’ lives in rural tourism destinations, we applied this analysis framework to Ying-Tao-Gou Village in China. The study found that the livelihood adaptation strategies of local farmers can be divided into the categories of “tourism livelihood”, “part-time livelihood”, “worker livelihood”, and “farming livelihood”. The livelihood adaptation of local farmers presented a relatively balanced picture. There were significant differences in the livelihood adaptability of different types of farmers, but tourism farmers had the strongest livelihood adaptability. There were various barriers to the livelihood adaptation of different types of farmers, such as household savings and education level. Finally, to improve the adaptability of farmers’ livelihoods, amendments can be made in policy formulation, tourism development, and by the farmers themselves. This study is of great significance for the government in formulating policies to improve people’s livelihoods, to stimulate the vitality of rural development, and to accelerate the development of rural revitalization.
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Wu, Kongsen, Dongyan Kong, and Xinjun Yang. "The Impact of Rural Industrial Development on Farmers’ Livelihoods—Taking Fruit-Producing Area as an Example." Land 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2023): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12081478.
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Analyzing the impact of industry development on farmers’ livelihoods is of great significance for promoting rural revitalization and the sustainable development of farmers’ livelihoods in China. In this paper, taking Dali County of the Guanzhong Plain as an example, in accordance with the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA), we adopted the comprehensive index method, statistical analysis method and relevant analysis method to explore the impact of rural industry development on farmers’ livelihoods by analyzing the evolution of farmers’ livelihood strategies in different times (2000, 2010 and 2019) and the differentiation of forms of livelihood capital and livelihood outcomes among different types of farmers in 2019 under the background of industrial development. The main conclusions were as follows: The degree of commercialization of the agricultural industry has improved, and the overall development of the rural industry presents an obvious trend away from agriculture. With the upgrading of the rural industrial structure, the leading livelihood strategies of farmers have gradually changed from the crop-planting type to the work-oriented type, and forms of livelihood capital and livelihood outcomes differ significantly among farmer households. Compared to traditional agriculture, the development of the fruit industry and service industry and the degree of participation in these industries are conducive to the accumulation of farmers’ livelihood capital, while migrant work alone has a negative impact on the improvement in farmers’ livelihood capital. The development of the fruit industry and nonagricultural industries and the degree of participation in these industries are more conducive to the improvement in farmers’ livelihood outcomes than is participation in traditional agriculture.
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Misra, Sanchayeeta, Rupak Goswami, Debabrata Basu, and Rabindranath Jana. "Application of Social Network Analysis for Livelihood System Study." Space and Culture, India 2, no. 3 (November 25, 2014): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v2i3.36.
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Social Network Analysis (SNA) has received growing attention among diverse academic fields for studying ‘social relations’ among individuals and institutions. Unfortunately, its application has remained limited in the study of livelihood systems of rural poor. Complexity in rural livelihoods has increased sharply in the face of increased pressure on natural resources and rapid shift in farm-based to non-farm based employments. This poses great challenge to successful livelihood intervention in rural areas. On one hand, rural development/extension needs to cater to diverse information and service need of the rural people; on other hand, rural institutions need to deliver livelihood-sustaining services more efficiently, which often need institutional restructuring at multiple levels. To achieve these challenges, a strong innovative analytical tool is required for understanding the complexity of rural livelihoods and the associated role of rural institutions. SNA provides excellent scope to analyse such complex systems and interactions among their components. This article proposes an outline of using SNA in livelihood system analysis. The analysis can provide answer to many questions of practical importance – Who are the influential actors in a livelihood system? Which are the key institutions contributing towards sustainable livelihoods? How do these actors interact among themselves? This will help rural development administrators to deliver livelihood-supporting services more efficiently through informed targeting and capacity building.
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Ma, Libang, Shichun Liu, Yiwen Niu, and Meimei Chen. "Village-Scale Livelihood Change and the Response of Rural Settlement Land Use: Sihe Village of Tongwei County in Mid-Gansu Loess Hilly Region as an Example." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091801.
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Rural livelihood change has great influence on the scale, structure, and morphology of rural settlement land use, thus bringing new challenges to rural revitalization and settlement reconstruction. Sihe village of Tongwei County in mid-Gansu loess hilly region (China) was taken as an example here. Based on participatory rural appraisal data, we analyzed the structure and allocation of rural households’ livelihood assets as well as their livelihood diversity by using ecological asset, livelihood diversification index, and landscape pattern index models. We aimed to find a response mechanism between rural livelihood change and rural settlement land use change. The results might provide useful information for the selection of new village sites, reconstruction of rural settlements, and creation of livable rural environment. Results indicate that: (1) The total value of the average livelihood assets per household in the Sihe village increased significantly from 0.48 in 1988 to 1.288 in 2016. The four types of livelihood assets including natural, material, manpower, and financial assets changed with time. In 1988, the manpower asset was the most important type of livelihood assets, with value accounting for 76.67% of the total value of livelihood assets. With the extension of time, the proportions of the four types of assets in total livelihood assets became closer to each other. The livelihood diversification index of the Sihe village increased from 2.01 in 1988 to 3 in 2016, indicating the rural livelihoods became diverse; (2) Because of the dual influence of external environmental factors and the rural development policies of the country and the region, the livelihoods changed towards agricultural sector from 1988 to 2008, and the agricultural livelihoods tended to be diverse. The following trend of livelihood strategy change was observed: from diverse non-agricultural production group (IV) to agricultural and non-agricultural production group (III), then to diverse agricultural production group (II) and finally to agricultural production group (I). After 2008, the livelihoods changed towards non-agricultural sector, and the non-agricultural livelihoods tended to be diverse. This trend of livelihood change is opposite to that before 2008; (3) 2008 is the key year of livelihood change. Livelihood change caused changes in the scale, structure, and morphology of rural settlement land use, which eventually led to the change of rural residential land use.
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Li, Danyang, Daizo Kojima, Laping Wu, and Mitsuyoshi Ando. "Digital Ability and Livelihood Diversification in Rural China." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 16, 2023): 12443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612443.
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Livelihood diversification is an important strategy for rural households in developing countries, especially in China, which has the largest rural population in the world. In the current digital age, the existing literature lacks sufficient research on the influence of digital ability on livelihood diversification. Using survey data from 1914 rural households in China, this study evaluates the digital ability of rural households through item response theory. Additionally, the livelihood diversification of rural households is analyzed from two aspects: work type and industry. Finally, IV-Tobit models are set up to test the impact of digital ability on livelihood diversification. The results show that: (1) engaging in both agricultural production and employed work concurrently is the key strategy for rural households to diversify their livelihoods; (2) digital ability significantly promotes livelihood diversification, regarding both work type and industry; (3) digital ability’s capacity to diversify livelihood is particularly notable for low-income households, followed by the medium-income group, then the high-income group. These findings are meaningful for the sustainable improvement of rural households’ livelihoods.
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Yi, Xiao, Tan Xixi, and Pan Lu. "Difference of Farmers’ Livelihood Capital before and after Rural Tourism Development." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 27, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4138220.
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Purpose. To compare the differences in rural household livelihood capital before and after the development of rural tourism to derive factors that affect rural household livelihood capital. Methodology. This study establishes a household livelihood capital index system to determine the total livelihood capital owned by rural households. Findings. After the development of rural tourism, regardless of farmers participating in rural tourism or not participating in rural tourism, their livelihood capital has increased, but the growth rate of livelihood capital of farmers participating in rural tourism is significantly higher than that of non-participating farmers, especially social capital and financial capital. Originality. This study is based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by DFID, analyzes the characteristics of farmers’ livelihood capital and livelihood activities, and discusses the differences of farmers’ livelihood capital before and after rural tourism development.
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Yang, Hui, Zeng Huang, Zhuoying Fu, Jiayou Dai, Yan Yang, and Wei Wang. "Does Land Transfer Enhance the Sustainable Livelihood of Rural Households? Evidence from China." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091667.
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Land transfer and its socio-economic impact are key areas of research interest. Such an examination can help to enhance the sustainability of farming livelihoods, maximise livelihood strategies, and achieve sustainable development. This paper establishes a sustainable livelihood evaluation index for rural households based on sustainable livelihood theory. It measures the degree of sustainability in the livelihoods of farmers based on field research data from 650 rural households in Hubei Province, China, and analyses the impact of land transfer using a multiple linear regression model. A number of control variables were identified and introduced into the analysis. It also uses the regression decomposition approach to investigate the impact of each factor on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households. The findings revealed that (1) land transfer can significantly increase the sustainability of rural households’ livelihoods; (2) livelihood sustainability increases with the size of the land transfer area; and (3) the primary elements determining the ability of rural households to maintain sustainable living are land transfers, the amount of land transferred, and the size of the family. Based on these findings, this study argues for the need to improve land transfer management, accelerate agricultural industrialisation and promote the transfer of land contract management rights to improve the livelihoods of rural households.
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Peng, Wenjia, Brian E. Robinson, Hua Zheng, Cong Li, Fengchun Wang, and Ruonan Li. "Telecoupled Sustainable Livelihoods in an Era of Rural–Urban Dynamics: The Case of China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092716.
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Recently, increasingly sophisticated studies have investigated the relationship between agrarian livelihoods and the environment, as well as rural–urban interactions in developing countries. The policies developed to respond to these dynamics can constrain livelihood options or provide additional opportunities. In the present study, using a modified version of the telecoupled sustainable livelihood framework to generalize dynamic livelihood strategies in the context of rural–urban transformation and by focusing on recent research in China, we review important factors that shape rural livelihood strategies as well as the types of strategies that typically intersect with livelihood and environmental dynamics. We then examine telecoupled rural–urban linkages given that the dynamics of the livelihood strategies of farmers can cause flows of labor, capital, ecosystem services, and other processes between rural and urban areas, thereby placing livelihood strategies in a dynamic context, which has not been considered widely in previous research. We show that most previous studies focused on the reduction of environmental impacts via livelihood diversification and rural–urban migration. We propose several areas for future policy development and research.
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Rajesh Kumar, Dubey. "Green Growth Technology for Rural Livelihood and Sustainable Development." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/19.
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Su, Zhen, Ruyi Wen, Yanyu Zeng, Kai Ye, and Tanaporn Khotphat. "The Influence of Seasonality on the Sustainability of Livelihoods of Households in Rural Tourism Destinations." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 10572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710572.
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Even though seasonality is an important concern in tourism research, only a few scholars have focused on the seasonality of rural tourism. Therefore, this study examines seasonality in rural tourism destinations. We adopt a mixed research approach to explore the sustainable livelihoods of households in rural tourism destinations from a seasonality perspective, using the case of rural tourism destinations in Yulong River basin, Guangxi, China. First, in-depth interviews and grounded theory are used to construct a sustainable livelihood model for households in rural tourism destinations under the influence of seasonality. Second, the model is tested using the data envelopment analysis model and statistical analysis. We find that (1) psychological capital, a previously neglected livelihood capital, is an important component of rural households’ livelihood capital in rural tourism destinations under the influence of seasonality; (2) rural tourism does not significantly improve rural livelihoods due to seasonal influences; and (3) participating in tourism work in the off-season and combining it with other work practices are the main livelihood strategies of rural households to cope with seasonality; however, over-dispersing resources reduces the livelihood efficiency. This study’s findings will prove useful for policy formation by governments to deal with seasonality in rural tourism.
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Mengistu, Ebabu Chekole. "Rural Livelihood Activities." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.293246.
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Rural households are found to depend on diverse portfolio of activities and income sources. This study sought to explore the diverse livelihood activities of rural households in Awra Amba Community. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to collect data. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that almost all members (94%) of Awra Amba community are depending on non-farm activities because of the scarcity of land. As a result, they are dominantly weavers (86%) and the rest are traders. The results of the study indicated that weaving is their major source of livelihood and a backbone for their survival.
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Liu, Yaping, Huike Shi, Zhen Su, and Tafazal Kumail. "Sustainability and Risks of Rural Household Livelihoods in Ethnic Tourist Villages: Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 5409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095409.
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This study constructed a quantitative index system evaluating the level of livelihood sustainability of rural households in ethnic tourist villages and identified the main livelihood risks these households encountered. This was achieved by modifying the sustainable livelihood framework proposed by the Department for International Development (DFID) and testing it on three typical ethnic tourist villages in Guangxi, China (Jinkeng, Ping’an Zhuang, and Chengyang Eight). The results showed that the overall livelihood sustainability index was relatively poor. Livelihood assets and transforming structures and processes were the main factors that restricted the sustainability of household livelihoods. Social capital and financial capital values were lowest out of six types of livelihood capital examined. The lack of community participation of households adversely impacted the score of transforming structures and processes. Households encountered various livelihood risks. Generally, the livelihood issues that concerned most households were market, social, and education risks. However, when the farmers were enquired about a single risk that worried them the most, market, financial, and employment risks ranked the highest. Through quantifying the sustainability and risk of rural household livelihoods, guidelines and subsidies could be allocated to promote rural revitalization.
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Pankaj, Ashok. "Jeevika, Women and Rural Bihar: Cultural Impact of a Development Intervention." Sociological Bulletin 69, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920923205.
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This article narrates a story of cultural change caused by livelihood intervention in rural Bihar (India). It shows that the impact of Jeevika, a microcredit-based rural livelihood promotion project, goes beyond its call for promoting livelihoods. The article recognises the distinction between structural and cultural aspects of social change and holds that an important impact of Jeevika on rural women of Bihar has been the cultural loosening of the patriarchal noose over their necks. It argues that the sustainability of such an impact is, however, unlikely, as the structural bases of patriarchy, namely, family, caste, land and agriculture, remain largely unaffected. Moreover, the whole process is exogenous—a creation of programme intervention.
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Ariyanto, Komang. "BOOK REVIEW: SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 18, no. 1 (December 23, 2023): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v18i1.2938.
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The book is 168 pages thick with content full of knowledge (theoretical and practical) through various interrelated concepts in building a better livelihood framework. This book is very worth reading. This reminds that it can be understood and can be used by institutions or individuals who want and are currently carrying out development work in poverty alleviation, as well as in development studies and multidimensional rural development. This book can be read, both theoretically and practically, to encourage rural development planners and local institutions to reflect again on policies that are pro-poor, pay attention to local parameters, and voice the aspirations of the community and local institutions at a more macro level. Finally, this book gives us an understanding of the study of rural development, especially poverty alleviation through the subject's livelihood. Moreover, in elaborating Henry Bernstein's political-economy approach which can be applied from the smallest unit, such as the household to a wider spectrum, to the global realm so that it can enrich and strengthen the analysis of sustainable livelihoods at various loci. However, this book also needs to add related issues related to connectivity and discussion with the global development agenda SGDs, and needs case studies on sustainable livelihoods globally as reference material and strengthens the political economy perspective that has been described in the case study.
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Chiba, Moffat. "The Diversification of Rural Livelihoods After the Year 2000 in Zimbabwe." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 7 (July 23, 2023): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15073.
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The article explores rural livelihood diversification patterns after the year 2000 using the Zimbabwean case. It relied on 30 households’ life history accounts alongside document analysis by examining the processes, determinants, and outcomes of these livelihood configurations. While rural households’ livelihoods had come to entirely rely on either agriculture or wage employment or both before the 2000s, evidence has demonstrated that after the year 2000, the means of survival have been diversified into a number of a complicated archaeology of occupational testing through the streamlining of land and labour away from agriculture, and the consequent following of such occupations like hair-cutting, vending, migration among others. These livelihood patterns have been due to a complicated archaeology of events ranging from rural households’ socio-economic changes, the Fast Track Land Reform Programme, the unemployment effects of the fourth Industrial revolution and ecological destabilisation. Policy interventions, thus, need to acknowledge rural livelihoods diversification and help citizens by incorporating and helping these rural households into rural development projects and programmes to better their livelihoods.
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Yaro, Joseph Awetori. "Is deagrarianisation real? A study of livelihood activities in rural northern Ghana." Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 1 (February 6, 2006): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05001448.
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This article examines the livelihoods, portfolios and degree of deagrarianisation of the peasantry in three villages in northern Ghana. It argues that deagrarianisation should be seen as a process embedded in social change, bearing in mind the reversibility between farm and non-farm livelihood strategies used by households (reagrarianisation?). A livelihoods research approach involving qualitative household interviews and quantitative surveys in three villages in the Kassena-Nankani district constitute primary data for this study. Contrary to the deagrarianisation thesis, this study found that livelihood adaptation, implying both a diversification to new or secondary livelihood activities and changing the form, nature and content of the farm sector, characterised rural livelihoods in the area. The adaptation process involves not just a move from the farm to the non-farm sector, but also an intensification of efforts in the farm sector with seasonal diversification into other livelihood activities. The supposedly ‘booming non-farm sector’ is not entirely real, for reasons of marginalisation and exclusion of the poor peasantry, resulting from spatial, capital, infrastructural and market limitations.
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Shi, Guoqing, Yuanke Zhao, Xiaoya Mei, Dengcai Yan, Hubiao Zhang, Yuangang Xu, and Yingping Dong. "Livelihood Resilience Perception: Gender Equalisation of Resettlers from Rural Reservoirs—Empirical Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711053.
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Hydropower engineering has brought unprecedented benefits to the world while causing massive displacement of people. Since the implementation of the Post-Relocation Support (PReS) policy for reservoir resettlers in China in 2006, the distribution of perceived livelihood resilience by gender of resettlers has gradually become more equal. Based on data from a survey of rural reservoir resettlers’ livelihoods in nine regions of Guizhou Province, China, this data examines the distribution of resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience across genders using logit regression and then explores the contribution to gender equality. The empirical results show that, unlike previous studies, household economic conditions do not bring about more gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers (gender contribution ratio = 1.12). Gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers were influenced by household workforce levels (e.g., gender contribution ratio = 1.23 at high workforce levels), education level (e.g., contribution ratio = 1.87 in primary education), and resettlement methods (e.g., contribution ratio = 4.53 at external resettlement). The implementation of the PReS policy also contributes to the gender equality of these resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience. For rural resettlers in different regions with different livelihoods, resettlement patterns, capital, and gender differences of resettlers should be understood through different livelihood resilience perspectives. Improving capacity building of resettlers’ livelihoods resilience through site-specific, participatory development and resource interoperability to promote high quality, sustainable and simultaneous development in resettlement areas and reservoirs.
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Gomersall, Kathryn. "EIDs and the Intersectional Health/Livelihoods Paradox in the Rural Global South." Journal of Sustainable Development 15, no. 6 (November 4, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n6p66.
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This article presents the framework of the intersectional health/livelihoods paradox to analyse how political economic processes incur land use change to create vulnerability to infectious disease, but that in contending with these risks rural people negotiate conflicts with livelihoods. The conflicts and trade-offs people make in deliberating over health and livelihood outcomes because of ecological degradation are distributed unevenly through lines of social difference, such as gender and class. While the health/livelihoods paradox is evident within contexts of vulnerability to infectious disease, it is poignant when considering the impacts of interventions and containment strategies to control outbreaks in rural settings. Despite considerable attention on the urban context of disease surveillance, spread and containment due to the Covid-19 pandemic, this article refocuses analysis of the impacts of emerging infectious disease (EID) in rural contexts. The article shifts attention away from analysis of the problematic practices of rural households that undertake livelihood activities such as harvesting of wildlife for consumption, to a nexus between land use change, ecologies, livelihoods and health. The literature is fragmented in terms of the landscapes explored, developmental processes, species dynamics, diseases and social contexts. Therefore, this article presents a framework that enables complex dynamics such as these, that lead people to make compromises between competing health and livelihood outcomes to be examined.
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He, Jiajun, Xin Fan, Lin Chen, Zirui Huang, Yiming Zhao, and Chenzhi Zhang. "Improving the Livelihood Resilience of Poverty-Stricken Population under Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Chongqing M Reservoir Area." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 15, 2023): 13766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813766.
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With the victory in poverty alleviation, China’s “Three Rural Issues” effort is shifting its attention to the execution of the rural revitalization strategy. To consolidate the poverty eradication gains and boost the resilience of the livelihoods of people who have been lifted out of poverty, we must implement several different strategies. Improving the livelihood resilience of the poverty-stricken population is the main objective of the long-term mechanism of promoting rural revitalization. Based on the theory of sustainable livelihoods, this paper creates an analysis framework for livelihood resilience of the poverty-stricken population. On this basis, we use principal component regression to measure the livelihood resilience of poverty-stricken population in Chongqing M Reservoir Area. We use the seemingly unrelated regression model to identify important variables influencing the stability of farm households emerging from poverty and propose policy to optimize resilience of the livelihoods of people lifted out of poverty. The results show that the population living in poverty around the Chongqing M Reservoir has a steadily rising livelihood resilience index. Among them, policy support has a significant positive effect on the livelihood resilience of poverty-stricken population. Similarly, regional endowments have a significant positive effect on the livelihood resilience of poverty-stricken population. However, livelihood risk has a significant negative effect on the livelihood resilience of poverty-stricken population. These findings provide a basis for the subsequent enhancement of livelihood resilience.
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Mudzielwana, Rudzani Vhuyelwani Angel, Paramu Mafongoya, and Maxwell Mudhara. "An Analysis of Livelihood-Diversification Strategies among Farmworker Households: A Case Study of the Tshiombo Irrigation Scheme, Vhembe District, South Africa." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111866.
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Rural livelihood diversification has become a central policy in rural development and poverty alleviation. Farmworkers in irrigation schemes are a typical poor sub-group that has received little attention in research regarding their livelihood status and the contribution of diversification. This paper provides evidence derived from a study that was carried out to examine whether farmworkers in the study area diversify their livelihoods and identify their choices of livelihood-diversification strategies and the determinants thereof. Data were collected from 191 randomly selected farmworkers and analyzed using the binary probit model and the multinomial logistic model. Variables considered in the binary probit model—gender, number of dependents, employment type, farming experience, land leasing, and market access—influenced livelihood diversification among irrigation farmworkers in a statistically significant way. The multinomial logistic model analysis considered age, marital status, household dependents, leasing land from employer, farming experience, agricultural training, and access to markets as the statistically significant factors that influence the choice of livelihood-diversification strategies in the study area. The study concluded that rural development policies should consider leasing land to irrigation farmworkers that is adequate to reduce poverty, achieve food security, and sustain the livelihoods of farmworkers in the study area, as it boosts the generation of income.
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SHIMIZU, Natsuki. "Relationship between Rural Development and Livelihood regarding Rural Tourism." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.38.33.
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Yanuartati, Baiq Yulfia Elsadewi. "Understanding the Framework of Sustainable Rural Livelihoods in the Implementation of Market-led Rural Development." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 3800–3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i5.3572.
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Several studies have shown that market-driven rural development projects usually fall short of accurately understanding the complexity of the difficulties smallholder farmers experience in maintaining their livelihoods. It is also recommended that policies and research on rural development consider using the framework for sustainable livelihoods to examine the consequences of market-driven rural development initiatives. In order to comprehend the complexity of rural livelihoods and make policies and development programs implementing market-led rural development more empowering, this article attempts to explore the theories now accessible on sustainable livelihoods. This article offers a theoretical foundation for sustainable means of subsistence. This combines information from several sources to create more complete notions by providing a definition, potential significant justifications, and examples. The framework’s basic elements identified from the literature review are the context of livelihood, assets, institutions (transforming structures and processes), strategies, and outcomes.
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Obie, Muhammad, Marina Pakaya, Mustakimah, and Syilfi. "OIL PALM EXPANSION AND LIVELIHOOD VULNERABILITY ON RURAL COMMUNITIES (A CASE IN POHUWATO REGENCY - INDONESIA)." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.811.
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Purpose: This study analyzed the expansion of oil palm and its impact on the livelihood vulnerability of rural communities. Furthermore, this study analyzed the livelihood base of rural communities, explained the mechanism of oil palm expansion controlling rural land, analyzed land tenure by oil palm expansion, which caused vulnerability to rural livelihoods, and analyzed the actions of rural peasants responding livelihood vulnerability due to oil palm expansion.
Methodology: The researchers conducted observations inTaludisub district and Popayatosub district, both of which were locations for oil palm expansion in the Pohuwato Regency of Gorontalo Province. Besides, the researchers observed coastal areas in Popayatosubdistrict, especially in Bajo tribal settlements that were affected by environmental damage in the form of floods sent from the mainland when it rained. The researchers also conducted in-depth interviews with various stakeholders who knew about oil palm expansion in Pohuwato Regency. The researchers interviewed village heads, heads of community empowerment institutions in the village, local environmental activists who actively discussed oil palm expansion, oil palm company leaders, and rural communities, both plasma peasants and other communities affected by oil palm expansion in Pohuwato Regency. To support observational and interview data, the researchers conducted a document review of previous research findings relating to the impact of oil palm expansion on local communities.
Main Findings: Oil palm companies get two instruments in controlling the forest area and agricultural land. Those are concession rights, as well as the nucleus and plasma systems. Both instruments close rural communities to access forest areas and agricultural land. It causes livelihood vulnerability in rural communities, besides the ecological disaster in the form of flooding due to damage to the rural environment, as well as drought in the dry season. Rural communities are forced to survive by migrating and diversifying livelihoods in the form of multiple livelihoods.
Implications: This research is significant on both the theoretical and policy levels. On the theoretical level, this research enriches the study of rural sociology, especially the study of rural access and livelihoods. As for the policy level, this research result can be a reference for the government in formulating policies regarding the development of oil palm plantations. In order to avoid livelihood vulnerability, the granting of forest area concessions to oil palm companies should be done at a radius quite far from the settlements of rural communities.
Novelty: A concession permit granted by the government to an oil palm company closes rural communities' access to the forest area. Rural communities get worse when the company implements a nucleus and plasma system policy that causes the transfer of control of agricultural land from rural communities to oil palm companies. The nucleus and plasma system only benefits the oil palm companies as the nucleus and kills the peasants' livelihood base as the plasma. The vulnerability of the livelihood base does hit not only rural communities that are plasma peasants but also hit other communities as a result of environmental damage in the form of floods in the rainy season and drought in the dry season. Vulnerable rural livelihoods due to oil palm expansion forced rural communities to migrate to find new livelihoods and diversify their livelihoods.
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Su, Zhen, Kun Xian, Dandan Lu, Wenhui Wang, Yinghong Zheng, and Tanaporn Khotphat. "Rural Tourism Households Adapting to Seasonality: An Exploratory Sequential Mixed-Methods Study." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (September 25, 2023): 14158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914158.
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The inherent vulnerability of tourism poses a substantial challenge to maintaining the productivity and stability of livelihoods among rural tourism households. Although tourism seasonality significantly influences the livelihood activities of rural tourism households, research exploring how they adapt their livelihood strategies to achieve optimal outcomes is limited. Employing an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design that combines thematic analysis and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), we investigated the relationship between the livelihood strategies and outcomes of rural tourism households under the influence of tourism seasonality in the Lijiang scenic spot of China. The results indicate that livelihood strategies adopted by rural tourism households include “Tourism Persistence”, “Seasonal Employment”, and “Seasonal Farming” during the off-season and “Extending Working Hours”, “Increasing Staffing Input”, and “Increasing Capital Input” during the peak season. Furthermore, these strategies form flexible combinations to realize livelihood outcomes, with “Extending Working Hours” being a necessary condition. The findings also revealed that the four configurations of seasonal livelihood strategies in the two patterns significantly contributed to high livelihood outcomes. One is named “Peak-Season Driven Pattern”; the other is named “Peak-Off Blend-Driven Pattern”. These findings provide theoretical and practical insights for sustainable livelihood research.
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Bhandari, Prem B. "Rural livelihood change? Household capital, community resources and livelihood transition." Journal of Rural Studies 32 (October 2013): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.05.001.
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Martin, Sarah M., and Kai Lorenzen. "Livelihood Diversification in Rural Laos." World Development 83 (July 2016): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.018.
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Zada, Muhammad, Syed Jamal Shah, Cao Yukun, Tariq Rauf, Naveed Khan, and Syed Asad Ali Shah. "Impact of Small-to-Medium Size Forest Enterprises on Rural Livelihood: Evidence from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 26, 2019): 2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102989.
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Small-to-medium-sized forest enterprises (SMFEs) offer numerous benefits to rural communities and society as a whole. Less attention has been paid to the sustainability of SMFEs in terms of improving the livelihood of rural communities. This study aims to assess the impact of SMFEs in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, and evaluate their potential role in reducing poverty and promoting rural livelihoods. Primary data were collected from 350 household heads and analyzed using econometric methodologies: The ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordered logit model. Household income, a wealth index, and five capitals of sustainable livelihood have been considered to gauge the impact of SMFEs. The results of the study reveal that there is a strong positive association between SMFEs and improvement in a rural community’s livelihood. The results further showed that households engaged in SMFE-related activities earn 3% more income and possess about 24% more assets. These findings are robust for various dimensions of sustainable livelihood and show positive effects of SMFEs on livelihood assets. This study continues the discussion on several practical implications along with recommendations for future research.
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Lê, Vĩ Quốc, Huyen Thi Thu Dong, Hieu Thi Tran, Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen, Kien Trung Tran, and Thang Viet Nguyen. "THE Application of sustainable livelihood framework for the assessment of living for rural people in Tan Phuoc District, Tien Giang Province." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 4, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v4i2.528.
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In this study, the approach of a sustainable livelihood framework following the guidance of the Department for International Development (DFID) is used to assess the livelihoods of people in rural areas of Tan Phuoc district, Tien Giang province. This is one of the acid sulphate soil areas of the Mekong Delta. Sustainable livelihood framework according to Department for International Development in the study will consider the assets of Tan Phuoc district people to ensure livelihoods including human capital, physical capital, financial capital, natural capital, and social capital. The results show that most of the capital for developing livelihoods of people in this area is poor (natural capital, human capital, social capital, financial capital), only physical capital is considered to meet the current development needs. They are the basis for proposing development orientations for Tan Phuoc district in the future, including socio-economic development, labor quality improvement and the number of professionally trained people. Besides, there are specific s upport policies for people and there are many sources of capital to help people access policies easily. To solve this problem, first of all, it is necessary to develop development plans of regions according to natural conditions, continue to improve the skills of local communities and provide specific support policies for livelihood activities. Attract many different sources of investment capital for the locality so that people can easily access, improve the income of local people in the future, especially need a population development strategy corresponding to the development conditions of the district. The analysis is based on aggregate collected data on the different types of livelihoods in the province, so they are of great overall value. However, this is also the basis for conducting detailed studies and investigations for further studies with the aim of having accurate information and correct assessment of the current livelihood status of each district and livelihood group.
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Guo, Mengqi, Mingyi Xie, and Guangcai Xu. "Sustainable Livelihood Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Rural Households: A Case Study of Beijing Ecological Conservation Areas." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (July 7, 2023): 10743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310743.
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Rural households’ livelihood sustainability is the core issue that affects their production and life standards, and it is a necessary evaluation index for rural sustainable development. As a sensitive area of urban–rural integration development in Beijing, the environmental protection measures and industrial structure adjustments in ecological conservation areas (ECAs) have influenced the sustainability and stability of local rural households’ livelihood. First, based on livelihood capital quantification data, this study established an evaluation model of rural households’ livelihood sustainability, which employed the combined weighting approach and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Second, this study investigated the influencing factors of rural households’ livelihood using the methodologies of regression analysis and the mediating effect. The results showed the following: (1) the overall livelihood sustainability of rural households was at a medium level, scoring 0.4436; (2) the sanitation conditions of the community were rated as the critical factor with a positive impact on rural households’ livelihood, which was followed by the frequency of online shopping, family expenditure, and management capability of village cadres; (3) improving one’s rural household income can enhance rural livelihood sustainability indirectly. Finally, effective livelihood strategies were explored and put forward for ECA development.
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Li, Huiqin, Peter Nijkamp, Xuelian Xie, and Jingjing Liu. "A New Livelihood Sustainability Index for Rural Revitalization Assessment—A Modelling Study on Smart Tourism Specialization in China." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083148.
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In our rapidly urbanizing world, the problem of rurality versus urbanization is becoming a source of concern. Rural tourism development may become a new important stimulus for promoting a sustainable transformation of the farmers’ livelihood. This calls for a smart specialization in rural tourism where the focus is on a balanced rural revitalization strategy. As part of the empirical research, this paper introduces a livelihood sustainability index. This index helps to construct a balanced system for the evaluation of livelihood sustainability achievements in rural tourism destinations. It is based on livelihood capital, livelihood strategy, and the interlinkage between livelihood and environment, in order to dynamically assess the livelihood sustainability of rural households. Taking Huangpi District of the Wuhan area in China as our applied case study, the livelihood sustainability index appears to show over the past years a significant rise, based on a comprehensive index method, an entropy method, and a coupling coordination model. Our findings show that the development of rural tourism has clearly promoted livelihood sustainability. This has inter alia resulted in the accumulation of livelihood capital, an asset of which both social and cultural capital have benefitted greatly; livelihood strategies have also improved, and therefore so have livelihood diversity and stability; and finally, the interlinkage and coordination degree between livelihood and the environment has also changed positively from a primary to intermediate balanced development. However, the livelihood sustainability index in the area concerned is still relatively low, and has not yet reached its possible optimal level. Hence, there is still much room for improvement. Various approaches can be proposed to achieve a more sustainable livelihood, such as enhancing livelihood capital; narrowing the economic gap between farmers by participating in professional tourism activity; establishing the mechanism of industrial integration and the development of rural eco-tourism; and coordinating a balanced development of livelihood and environmental quality.
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Yin, Sha, Xinjun Yang, and Jia Chen. "Response and Adaptation of Farmers’ Livelihood Transformation under the Background of Rural Transformation: Evidence from the Qinling Mountains, China." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713004.
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Adaptation provides a new perspective for the study of farmers’ livelihood transformation and sustainability. This research aimed to explore the influencing factors of different types and adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation during rural transformation. Based on summarizing the response of farmers’ livelihood transformation during the rural transformation process in the Qinling Mountains of China from 1990 to 2018, this research constructed an evaluation index system for the adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation. Through questionnaires and interview surveys and based on the classification of farmers’ adaptive behavior, the research measured the adaptation index of different types of farmers’ livelihood transformation during different rural transformation periods and analyzed the factors affecting the types and the adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation. The results showed that: ① From 1990 to 2018, the livelihood transformation of farmers in Shangzhou District of Qinling Mountains mainly experienced changes from the farming + the working oriented to the synthetic type + the working oriented. ② From 1990 to 2018, the adaptation index of farmers’ livelihood transformation increased significantly in growth. From 1990 to 2009, the adaptation index of farmers’ livelihood transformation of working oriented and synthetic type was relatively high and concentrated. The distribution of the adaptation index of farmers’ livelihood transformation in 2010–2018 was relatively scattered. ③ Farmers with richer social networks tended to choose comprehensive and diversified livelihoods. Farmers with richer financial and natural capital were more likely to choose non-agricultural livelihoods. Leadership potential and social network, livestock, income status, and actual cultivated area were the key variables that have been influencing the adaptation of farmers’ livelihood transformation in Shangzhou District since 1990. The research results contribute to the optimization of sustainable livelihood strategies for farmers in the Qinling Mountains of China and provide case references for the study of livelihood transformation of farmers in underdeveloped mountainous areas worldwide.
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Hasanati, Surani, R. Rijanta, and AJ Pitoyo. "Literature reviews: Gender And Rural Development." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v5i1.355.
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The purpose of this paper was to elaborate the gap of gender and rural development from geography perspective based on scientific research literature reviews. Four papers was selected to conduct this literature reviews. There are paper from Jennifer C. Langill, Chetan Choitani, Rosanna Quagliariello and friends, also Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson. These journals are interesting because it discusses the conception of empirical-scientific geography model as empirical science. Jennifer C. Langill’s paper offered a conceptual framework for gendered division of labour and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and livelihood seasonality need to be understood as co-produced. Because gendered livelihoods are further complicated by household composition and life-stage, often over-burdened with productive and reproductive labour. While Chetan Choitani shows the impact of migration of men that include ‘improved autonomy’ and ‘increased responsibility’ for left-behind women, also provide conceptual pathways to understand migration-gender-food security linkages. Rosanna Quagliariello and friends offered solutions for gender mainstreaming in rural area by technocratic regulation, legality, implementation and law enforcement within the framework of gender mainstreaming that ensures the empowerment of women towards gender equality. While Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson Discover the highlight of local constructions of gender and representation.
Keywords: Gender, Rural Development, Gender and Development, Geography, Literature Review
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Wu, Jing, Shaojun Chen, Kexin Zhou, and Xinxin Chen. "Influence of Livelihood Capital of Rural Reservoir Resettled Households on the Choice of Livelihood Strategies in China." Water 14, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244055.
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The livelihood capital of resettled households is an important factor that affects their choice of livelihood strategies. The relationship between the two can help to transform the livelihood behavior of resettled households aiming to achieve sustainable livelihoods. Based on survey data of livelihoods of the Wuxikou Water Control Project, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of livelihood capital on the choice of livelihood strategies. The results showed the following: (1) The five categories of livelihood capital values were generally not high. The value of human capital was the highest (0.480), while the value of natural capital was the lowest (0.362). (2) Natural and financial capital have significant effects on the choice of an agricultural-oriented livelihood strategy, in which natural capital has a positive effect and financial capital has a negative effect. Social and financial capital have a significant positive effect on the choice of a migrant-oriented livelihood strategy. Human and physical capital have significant positive effects on the choice of a part-time balanced livelihood strategy. (3) Decisive factors are used to promote transformation from agriculture-oriented to migrant-oriented, mostly comprising education level and interpersonal communication, among other indicators. The important factors used to promote transformation from agriculture-oriented to part-time balanced are mainly labor force quantity and total family income, among other indicators. Finally, on the basis of the above findings, context-specific policies are proposed from the observations of livelihood capital and livelihood strategies, such as upgrading the level of human capital by category, reconstructing the social capital network in multiple forms, and diversifying and broadening financial capital channels.
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Patidar, Hemant, and Satheesh Chothodi. "Livelihood Diversification in Rural India." Space and Culture, India 9, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v9i3.1206.
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This study aims to ascertain the level of livelihood diversification and examines the socio-economic contexts of livelihood diversification in rural India. Employing data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS-II), 2011-12, an Inverse Herfindhal-Harschman Diversity Index (IHHDI) was calculated incorporating eleven income sources (livelihood strategies). In addition, the contribution of each strategy in households’ total income has been calculated. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was applied to predict the households’ engagement in each livelihood strategy and the likelihood of high IHHDI. Results indicate that the higher livelihood diversifications were found among the households with large size, high dependency, lower social groups, low educated, landless, marginal and small farming, and economically poor. This study also highlights the significance of diversification strategies in raising households’ income. It is suggested that broadened policy support is required to promote diversification for economic development in rural India.
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Rai, Dhyanendra Bahadur. "Changing Rural Livelihood Strategies in the Community of Goljung, Rasuwa." Third Pole: Journal of Geography Education 17 (May 23, 2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v17i0.19980.
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Different patterns of livelihood are found in different places within same community or different communities over the generation. Therefore livelihood strategy is a changing process of an individual or a household level of economic and social activities in order to fulfill daily livelihood needs. This paper seeks to explore the changing rural livelihood strategies of a community in mountain region of Nepal. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from field survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII). Questionnaire survey was conducted within 52 households by applying random sampling method. Likewise five KII and three FGDs were conducted and participants belonged to different field i.e. ward chairperson, ward women member, businessmen, wage labor, farmer and social worker. The finding indicates that livelihood strategies are changing rapidly in the rural areas. Similarly, multiple sources of income of a household have resulted into secured livelihood system in Goljung. Despite the fact that the agriculture with livestock farming was an important traditional source of livelihood in the past, the roles of non-agricultural sectors have become significant for livelihood sustaining in the rural community in Goljung, Rasuwa in the present days. After a decade, development of the hydro-electricity projects and trade route between Nepal and China has played the catalyst role for changing rural livelihoods of local people in this village. The Third Pole: Journal of GeographyVol. 17: 20-36, 2017
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Thi Diem Thuy, Doan, Tran Duc Dung, Pham Dang Manh Hong Luan, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Duyen. "Assessment of the livelihood sustainability of rice farmers in the upper floodplains of the Vietnamese Mekong delta." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i1.992.
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Rural areas and rural livelihoods in many countries have been affected by changes in natural and environmental conditions. In areas where livelihoods relied on the floodwater, changes in flood regimes and the natural environment had significantly impacted many farmers' livelihoods. In the Mekong Delta flooded areas, flood patterns changed mainly due to the hydropower development and the climate change. The livelihoods of many farmers, primarily rice farmers, were facing challenges and needed changes to adapt to the sustainable livelihood development. This study used a sustainable livelihood framework of DFID to assess factors affecting the sustainability in agricultural livelihoods in flooded areas of An Giang province, specifically at Phu Hiep and Phu Long communes of Phu Tan district. We interviewed 60 farmers based on the structured questionnaire and conducted two focus group discussions with more than 40 participating farmers. Our results of the Livelihood Capitals Index (LCI) showed that natural and physical capitals had less impact on household livelihoods. Phu Long is less affected than Phu Hiep by assessing five capitals. Farm households' current livelihoods were mainly affected by the lack of human resources and the unstability of market prices. The rate of consensus on transition to sustainable farming models was not high due to many factors. However, the transition is possible if their production and output are secured by the government.
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Madzivhandila, Thanyani Selby. "Livelihood Activities in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 6, no. 12 (December 6, 2023): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i12.1724.
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In Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions of the world, rural communities have relied on diverse activities to earn income for their households to survive. These activities which are mostly informal, have provided casual and seasonal employment and livelihood opportunities for rural communities to cope during times of hunger and deprivation. Livelihood activities are comprised of capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. These include and are not limited to activities such as cropping and livestock rearing, gardening, street vending and home construction. Unfortunatly, in recent times, climate change has emerged as a challenge for not only the socio-economic setting of the poor communities, but for the whole sphere of living, particularly in rural areas. Climate Change is comprised of long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns leading to unprecedented high levels of temperatures, extreme episodes of flooding, heat waves and drought, just to mention but few. The complex nature within which rural income earning and livelihoods are found, and how such activities are in most cases depended on environmental charateristics and climatic condtitions, makes it difficult to persue, amid climate change. This theoretical paper discusses how innovation and entrepreneurship can be used to as adaptation measures for climate change. Two Case studies are used to demostrate the applicability of this assertion. The paper concludes that, for rural livelihoods to become economically viable, innovation need to be applied to build towards entrepreneuship development and climate change adaptation. The paper recommends planning and policy directives towards rural development planning in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Xue, Lan, and Deborah Kerstetter. "Rural Tourism and Livelihood Change: An Emic Perspective." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 416–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348018807289.
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Rural tourism is often considered a good option for rural development and poverty reduction. However, detailed examination of residents’ adaptation to rural tourism as a new livelihood is missing from the literature. In this study, ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in Chongdu Valley, China to gain insight to the transitions experienced by residents whose livelihood previously depended on agriculture and now relies on rural tourism. Detailed livelihood activities before and after tourism development and the adaptation process local residents engaged in were documented. Results suggested that adopting rural tourism as a new livelihood involved continuous negotiation, adjustment, and engagement. Strategies to help rural residents better adapt to rural tourism are discussed.
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Akinsola, G. O., S. B. Ojetunde, M. A. Bello, O. A. Ayinde, and O. E. Durotoye. "MOBILE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND RURAL HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD: EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA." FUOYE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN ECOLOGY 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.62923/fuojahe.v6i1.195.
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Creating an inclusive financial system with wide-ranging and convenient services in the rural areas is increasingly being promoted as this is seen to be vital for sustainable economic development. In this vein, this paper examined the effects of electronic financial services on the livelihoods of the rural household in Nigeria, using Kwara state as a case study. First, the study explored and identified the mobile financial systems used by rural households, determined their livelihood status and examined the effect of the financial services on the livelihood of the rural household. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 farming households using a structured questionnaire. The analytical tools employed were descriptive statistics, sustainable livelihood index, average weighted index and the logistic regression. The result revealed that financial inclusion status of the household, education status and monthly income significantly influenced the livelihood of the rural household (P<0.1). Difficulties in using the mobile phone effectively without the assistance of a third party and the vast charge on the use of mobile financial services were vital factors limiting financial inclusion of the rural households. Hence, the study recommends the need for more sensitisation and training on the use of major financial services to ensure integration of all willing users of financial services
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Gitau, Bilha Nyambura, Asborn Juma Misiko, and Rayviscic Mutinda Ndivo. "Contribution of Adventure Recreation Infrastructure to Sustainable Rural Livelihood in Nyeri, Kenya." African Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajthm.2.1.1655.
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It is becoming more common for governments to acknowledge adventure tourism as a strategy for responsible and sustainable economic growth that is beneficial to society. This form of tourism has the potential to improve rural livelihoods by providing smallholders with multiple alternatives and opportunities to increase non-farm income. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of adventure recreation development to rural livelihoods in Nyeri County, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to examine the effects of adventure recreation infrastructure development on rural livelihood in Nyeri County. The study adopted an exploratory research design. The target population was 248,050 household heads. The sample size was 384 respondents comprising rural household heads within Nyeri County. Cluster sampling was used for the study to divide the sample size into smaller groups (the Eight sub-counties in Nyeri County), while simple random sampling was used to distribute the sample size proportionally among the eight sub-counties. Primary data was collected through questionnaires where closed-ended questions were used. The questionnaire responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale where 1 indicated strong disagreement, and 5 indicated strong agreement with each statement. Additionally, structured interviews were done for the respondents who had difficulties reading and writing. In this case, the questionnaire was used as an interview guide. The findings revealed that adventure recreation infrastructural development significantly (10.2%) contributed to rural livelihood. Therefore, to enhance the rural livelihoods in Nyeri County, there is a need for the national and county governments to develop more adventure recreation infrastructure and upgrade the existing ones.
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Zerihun, Mulatu Fekadu. "Agroforestry Practices in Livelihood Improvement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158477.
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Agroforestry plays a significant role in increasing agricultural productivity. In South Africa, there is a pressing need for promoting smallholder agriculture to promote sustainable rural livelihoods, to ensure food security, to lower inflation in food prices, and address rampant rural unemployment in the country. The agricultural economy is characterised by a monopoly structure where almost every single staple in South Africa is already produced by large manufacturers that can produce it at better quality and lower cost than the average smallholder enterprise or cooperative. Such a monopoly structure fundamentally undermines the development of local markets, where local small-scale producers sell to their local community. The novelty of this study is addressing the research gap that conventional rural livelihood analyses often neglect, i.e., the role of environmental products in general, and forest and agroforestry products. Using a log linear regression model with cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 300 households, this study explores the likely impact of agroforestry practices in promoting the livelihood of rural communities in the study areas. Results obtained from multiple linear regression analysis showed that average household income increased as a function of utilization of agroforestry practices. Agroforestry contributes to sustainable rural livelihoods in South African provinces where the predominant means of livelihoods is rural subsistence farming and agriculture. Since valuation of agroforestry products and services are technically difficult, farmers often underestimate the contribution of agroforestry to the household’s livelihood income. These findings have policy implications in promoting food security in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and beyond.
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Gupta, A. Clare. "Elephants, safety nets and agrarian culture: understanding human-wildlife conflict and rural livelihoods around Chobe National Park, Botswana." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21766.
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Resolving conflict between agricultural livelihoods and wildlife conservation requires a sophisticated understanding of both wildlife ecology and human livelihood decision-making. This case study extends the literature on human-wildlife conflict in Africa by using a political ecology framework to understand how and why farmers in areas of high wildlife disturbance make their farming decisions, and how their strategies are affected by a broader socio-political context that includes, but is not restricted to, wildlife conservation policy. Specifically, this article chronicles the livelihood strategies of smallholder farmers in a village on the edge of Chobe National Park in northern Botswana. This is a place where the state has prioritized wildlife conservation but also supports residents' livelihoods. Because of disturbance from wildlife, especially elephants, protected under conservation law, agricultural production in Chobe is becoming increasingly challenging, even as the government increases its agricultural subsidies and support to small farmers. This results in unexpected farming strategies that reflect the interactive effects of conservation policy and other relevant macro-economic policies that structure the livelihood strategies of rural communities living near protected areas. Future human-wildlife conflict studies must take into account these multi-scalar and multi-dimensional dynamics in order to accurately explain the livelihood strategies of people living in wildlife-populated areas, so that appropriate conservation and development policies can be designed.Keywords: Botswana, wildlife conservation, rural livelihoods, human-wildlife conflict, political ecology
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Kumar, Abhijeet, Avinash Kumar, Swati Kumari, Neha Kumari, Sneha Kumari, and Puja Mishra. "Sustainable Livelihoods a Foundation for Rural Development Leads to Sustainability." Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, no. 2 (July 7, 2023): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/preko.3951.
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The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and analyse the significance of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) and its application to rural development projects and policies. A literature review is conducted, with the primary focus being on the primary components of the SLA. The researchers noted that the SLA effectively interrogates the livelihoods of the poor and the various mechanisms in the approach. These mechanisms include all forms of capital, the vulnerability aspect, livelihood strategies, and outcomes, as well as the different laws and regulations governing the access and use of resources. The research also noted that the SLA effectively addresses the poor’s vulnerabilities. Scholarly heavy hitters like Chambers and Scoones (1992) have pointed out that this method is all-encompassing and hierarchical. The methodology has demonstrated in a theoretical sense that it is beneficial in understanding the livelihoods problem of the less fortunate in rural communities. It is strongly suggested that the government and its development partners adopt and incorporate the SLA into their policies to ensure sustainable livelihoods leading to sustainable development.
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Das, Kishore Kumar. "Sustainable Livelihood through Skill Development among Rural Tribal Youths: A Review of Literature." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 21, no. 3 (February 15, 2024): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2024/v21i3792.
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Aims: Empowering marginalized communities, especially indigenous youth, is essential for attaining inclusive growth and socioeconomic equity in the face of growing urbanization and economic inequities. The current study's objective is to review the development of literatures relating to sustainable livelihood through skill development among rural tribal youths. Accordingly, the research gap will be found for further research and strengthen the literature as well as to contribute to the creation of knowledge for betterment of society in general and academics in particulars. In order to promote sustainable livelihoods among remote tribal adolescent populations, this literature review critically evaluates the significance of skill development.
Sample: The present study considers 47 literatures relating to the research topic both from national and international referred journal to understand the developments in the sustainable livelihood for tribal population across the globe.
Study Design: In order to evaluate the efficacy of skill development programs in expanding livelihood options for this vulnerable population, the study synthesizes a wide range of scholarly publications, reports, and case studies .The study is based on analytical review of literature considering the methods and models adopted for research, size of sample and outcomes of individual research papers are analysed and accordingly the limitations/ the gaps for research are considered for future research.
Conclusion: It emphasizes the critical part that skill development programs play in overcoming these obstacles and empowering young people to find gainful work or launch their own businesses in their communities.
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Duale, Maslah. "Challenges and Opportunities of Livelihood Diversification in Ethiopia: A Review Article." International Journal of Agricultural Economics 9, no. 3 (May 10, 2024): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240903.11.
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Diversifying sources of income has been recognized as a crucial approach to alleviate poverty, mitigate food insecurity, and enhance the overall well-being of rural residents in Ethiopia. This review outlines the key challenges and opportunities associated with livelihood diversification in the country. The study identifies several primary constraints that hinder livelihood diversification, including inadequate infrastructure development, scarcity of arable land, limited access to credit services, gender disparities, and poor rural-urban linkages. However, it also highlights potential avenues for sustainable livelihoods through diversification, such as the promotion of sustainable land management practices, adoption of climate-resilient agricultural strategies, and the provision of training and capacity building programs. To facilitate successful livelihood diversification, the review emphasizes the urgency of investing in infrastructure development and ensuring access to credit services. Moreover, it underscores the importance of promoting gender equality to mitigate the challenges faced by women in diversifying their livelihoods. Encouraging sustainable land management practices, implementing climate-resilient agricultural strategies, and providing comprehensive training and capacity building programs are identified as critical measures to support diversification efforts in Ethiopia effectively. The review offers evidence-based policy recommendations to inform government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other stakeholders on effective strategies that can enhance livelihood diversification in the country, while also ensuring inclusivity and sustainability. The significance of livelihood diversification within Ethiopia's development agenda cannot be overstated, and it is imperative for stakeholders to act in addressing the identified challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities presented by diversification. By doing so, they can contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable development in the country. However, it is essential to note that further research is necessary to explore the efficacy of livelihood diversification strategies in different contexts and identify additional opportunities and challenges that may arise.
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Tsegay, Kiros, Hongzhong Fan, Hailay Shifare, and PriyanganiAdikari AM. "The role of small town in household livelihood diversification in Ethiopia rural areas." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 7 (November 7, 2021): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i7.1407.
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There is a high expectation that urban-rural linkage in general and the function of small towns, in particular, has a great role in livelihood diversification and poverty reduction in rural areas than sectoral development. However, the previous empirical studies give little attention to the function of small towns and the livelihood diversification of rural communities. We analyze the function of a small town and participating in non-farm economic activities from a rural farm household survey of 371 farmer household heads in Ethiopia. The data was analyzed using a logistic regression model and statistical description. The study found that rural households who have road access have likely participated in none-farm activities and it has positive and significant effects. Education and FHH has also a significant relationship with the function of a small town. Distance from the small town has a significant and positive impact on the non-farm economic activities of rural communities. Overall, benefits from the function of small towns such as the provision of road access, agricultural extension, financial credit services, administrative services, educational and health services are some of the provisions of a small town. Therefore, a comprehensive integrated urban-rural linkage strategy could empower rural farm smallholders to diversify their livelihoods through strengthening small town functions is mandatory. The role of small towns needs to be integrated into rural communities. Participate in livelihood diversification strategies and achieve sustainable development goals by 2030 at large.
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Park, So-Hee, and Youn Yeo-Chang. "Impact of Collaborative Forest Management on Rural Livelihood: A Case Study of Maple Sap Collecting Households in South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041594.
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Some forest-dependent rural communities participate in the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) program in South Korea, which provides the local people with access to national forests for the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in return for their contribution to the management of national forests. This study investigated what factors influenced rural communities’ participation in CFM and how their participation in CFM affected livelihood strategies and income level. Households in 17 villages near the Seoul National University (SNU) forests owned by the Government were interviewed. The study found that CFM participating households tend to choose diversified livelihood strategies. CFM participating households with diversified livelihood strategies are likely to have a higher income than non-CFM participating households choosing sectoral focus strategies. Expansion of the CFM program is suggested as a policy option to improve forest-dependent rural livelihood. However, ageing and female-headed households are faced with difficulties in participating in CFM due to their physical ability of forestry work while new settlers restricted access to forest resources. There is a need for innovation in forest governance for equitable distribution of forest services for both original and new residents to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods.
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Zhang, Ying, Xinyu Xie, Xiaoping Qiu, Zheng Jing, Yongqian Yu, and Yan Wang. "Study on Livelihood Resilience of Rural Residents under the Rural Revitalization Strategy in Ethnic Areas of Western Sichuan, China." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101957.
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Ethnic areas are special in terms of their geographic type, population size, production mode, etc. Scientific assessment of rural residents’ livelihood resilience and exploration of its influencing factors are significant for tapping the potential of rural residents’ livelihood resilience and promoting sustainable rural development. This research takes the villages in the western Sichuan ethnic area as the study area and, based on the sustainable livelihood framework and the analysis framework of rural residents’ livelihood resilience, constructs an evaluation index system of rural residents’ livelihood resilience and explores the factors affecting its evolution using the OLS parameter estimation method. The results found that: (1) Annual per capita income and livelihood diversification of key livelihood factors of farm households have improved under the rural revitalization strategy. (2) Skill training opportunities, loan opportunities, living conditions, non-agricultural work experience, and traffic accessibility had the most significant impact on livelihood resilience, and were the dominant forces in enhancing the rural residents’ livelihood resilience. (3) There was a divergence of livelihood resilience among different types of rural residents, and those with low altitude, low dependency ratio, strong labor endowment, and high literacy had a higher livelihood resilience; furthermore, the mean value of livelihood resilience of tourism-led rural residents was higher than that of non-tourism-led rural residents under different livelihood strategies.
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Smith, Laurence E. D., S. Nguyen Khoa, and K. Lorenzen. "Livelihood functions of inland fisheries: policy implications in developing countries." Water Policy 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0023.
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An improved analytical framework and typology of fishers are provided to improve understanding of the diverse livelihood functions of inland fishing in development policy making. Inland fisheries make an important but often neglected contribution to rural livelihoods in developing countries. A holistic and widely applicable analysis of the possible livelihood functions of such fisheries is presented, focusing on fishing as one activity within diverse livelihoods. Four different livelihood strategies are identified, involving fishing as: (i) a primary livelihood of last resort, (ii) part of a diversified semi-subsistence livelihood, (iii) a specialist occupation and (iv) part of a diversified accumulation strategy. The policy implications of these strategies are found to be differentiated and poorly represented in practice by socio-economic analysis that either undfervalues fisheries or treats them solely as livelihoods of last resort and by traditional approaches to fisheries management centred on stock conservation. The need for a more diverse and flexible range of measures, tailored to local priorities and conditions and ensuring that poor people can access the benefits of inland fisheries whilst achieving conservation objectives, is identified.