Journal articles: 'Rural lifestyles'

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Ojiambo, Robert M. "Are lifestyle shifts fuelling the obesity epidemic in urbanised Africans?" Global Health Promotion 23, no. 4 (July 9, 2016): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975915576306.

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Humans evolved for active lifestyles involving hunting–gathering and agriculture. To sustain these energy-intensive lifestyles, diets consisting of energy-dense foods were selected. It can therefore be argued that humans are physiologically adapted for active lifestyles. However, with rapid industrialisation, there has been an upsurge in the usage of labour-saving devices as well as a glut in the supply of energy-dense foods. This mismatch between energy supply and expenditure in modern man may be fuelling the contemporary trends in obesity in urbanised man. On the other hand, recent emerging evidence indicates that air pollution related to motorised transportation in urban areas may be obesogenic by causing alterations in the lipid metabolic pathways, resulting in fat deposition. These lifestyle shifts are drastically different from traditional rural African lifestyles and mirror the different prevalence rates of obesity and related co-morbidities between rural versus urban areas.

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Sihombing, Antony, Ardhea Angella Rahardja, and Rossa Turpuk Gabe. "The Role of Millennial Urban Lifestyles in the Transformation of Kampung Kota in Indonesia." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 1 (March 2020): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320906288.

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Urbanization affects population growth, as people move from rural to urban areas. In Indonesia, this movement has led to the creation of settlements called kampung kota. Kampung and kota are different forms of settlements, but the lifestyle in kota can indirectly affect the lifestyle in kampung. As the millennial generation has attracted growing attention, it has been noted that the lifestyle of millennials has begun to influence urban lifestyles more generally. The large number of millennials who have settled in kampungs has caused change to the forms of the kampung, as seen in their structure and layout and the allotment of space when zoning is carried out. Based on a literature review, observation of urban lifestyles in the kampung and interviews with people living in kampung Kebon Kacang, Jakarta, and kampung Kukusan, Depok, sought to find changes in the forms of the kampung kota, which follow the needs and lifestyles of the millennial generation.

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Acharya, Shashidhar, Ritesh Singla, and Nishu Singla. "Comparative Study of Lifestyle-related Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Urban and Rural Population of India." World Journal of Dentistry 7, no. 3 (2016): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1381.

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ABSTRACT Aim To compare participants’ lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontal disease between urban and rural population. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study consisting of a structured questionnaire on health practice index (HPI), oral health-related behavior, and personal habits as well as sociodemographic variables was conducted on 800 subjects aged 20 to 50 years attending dental outreach centers of Manipal College of Dental Sciences in urban and rural areas of Udupi District. Clinical examination for periodontal status was done by using community periodontal index, simplified oral hygiene index, and gingival index. Statistical analysis of the data was done using chi-square. Results It was found that except the number of hours of work/day (p = 0.02) urban participants had significantly better occupations, higher education, more income, better oral health care behaviors like dental visits, device of cleaning, frequency of cleaning, method of cleaning, healthier personal habits like tobacco chewing, pan chewing (< 0.001 respectively), physical exercise, mental stress levels and healthier overall lifestyles (p < 0.001 respectively) than the rural participants. It was also found that more number of urban participants had better oral hygiene status (p < 0.001), gingival status (p < 0.001), and healthier periodontium (p = 0.002) than the rural counterparts. Conclusion These findings suggest that rural participants had more lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontitis as well as less healthy periodontium than the urban participants. Patient's involvement in self-care by promoting healthy lifestyles is needed especially in rural areas where adequate treatment facilities are lacking. How to cite this article Singla R, Acharya S, Singla N. Comparative Study of Lifestyle-related Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Urban and Rural Population of India. World J Dent 2016;7(3):129-134.

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Scott, Linda, and Linda Jacks. "Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Urban and Rural Elders." Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 1, no. 2 (May 2000): 74–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v1i2.490.

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Oliveira, Hugo, and Gil Penha-Lopes. "Permaculture in Portugal: Social-Ecological Inventory of a Re-Ruralizing Grassroots Movement." European Countryside 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0002.

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AbstractSouthern European countries face a panorama of rural landscape abandonment, ageing rural population and lack of opportunities for vibrant rural lifestyles. This lead the way for over-exploitative monocultural practices and widespread abandonment of traditional land management practices, intensifying the degradation of rural landscapes, suffering already from the impacts of climate change and global economic pressures. Although policy driven initiatives can scale solutions to have wider impact, if not attuned to local contexts they can also increase the problems felt at the local level. Highlighting local grassroots innovations and locally appropriate solutions can support such attunement. Community-led grassroots initiatives have been sprouting, wishing to regenerate their landscapes grounded on ecocentric ethical approaches to Neo-rural lifestyles. Within Portugal, Permaculture, as a landscape ecological design movement and practice, has been one of those approaches, activated by young citizens wishing to recreate and innovate alternatives for the sustainable management of land, associated with lifestyle choices and local entrepreneurship. With this article, using a socio-ecological inventory as a baseline exploratory study, we are aiming to identify and start characterizing, the Permaculture landscape ecological design movement in Portugal, the motivations and perceptions of such movement, and its contribution towards the transformation of landscape management, societal trends and ecocentric innovations, to create more sustainable socio-ecological rural livelihoods within a Portuguese context.

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Sun, Tao, and Guohua Wu. "Consumption patterns of Chinese urban and rural consumers." Journal of Consumer Marketing 21, no. 4 (June 1, 2004): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760410542156.

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As an exploratory study on rural and urban consumers in an emerging market like China, this paper presents empirical evidence about the impacts of economic development on consumer lifestyles. Chinese rural and urban consumers were found to be statistically different in terms of their attitudes toward the whole marketing mix: product price, brand names, promotions and distribution. Possibly as a result of these disparate attitudes, rural and urban consumers were found to use different products to reflect the improvement of their living standards. All of these previous differences might be due to the fact that rural and urban Chinese consumers have different needs, as indicated by the words they chose to describe their ideal image. These lifestyle differences reveal huge marketing potentials for MNCs and other foreign investors, who will ultimately move into China's relatively untapped rural regions for marketing opportunities.

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Heinonen, Jukka, and Seppo Junnila. "A Carbon Consumption Comparison of Rural and Urban Lifestyles." Sustainability 3, no. 8 (August 16, 2011): 1234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su3081234.

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Adams, Marsha, Andrea Bowden, Debra Humphrey, and Linda McAdams. "Social Support and Health Promotion Lifestyles of Rural Women." Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 1, no. 1 (February 2000): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v1i1.501.

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Xiaohui Hou. "Urban—Rural Disparity of Overweight, Hypertension, Undiagnosed Hypertension, and Untreated Hypertension in China." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 20, no. 2 (March 26, 2008): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539507312306.

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The objective of this study was to examine the urban—rural variations in the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, undiagnosed hypertension, and untreated hypertension among adults. The China Health and Nutrition Survey was used to study adults 25 to 65 years old. Logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables. Urban adults have a higher probability of being overweight (OR = 1.18, P < .01) and having hypertension (OR = 1.19, P < .1). After further controlling for lifestyle variables, the difference is not significant. Urban hypertensive adults are less likely to be undiagnosed (OR = 0.54, P < .001) and untreated (OR = 0.53, P < .001), even after controlling for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, suggesting that there are other reasons for the urban—rural disparity of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. This finding suggests that modifying lifestyles is critical in preventing urban adults from being overweight. Interventions targeting rural adults should promote the awareness and treatment of hypertension.

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Topham, David J., and I. Nicholas Crispe. "Contrasting Urban and Rural Lifestyles of Memory CD8+ T Cells." Immunity 18, no. 5 (May 2003): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00118-3.

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Murimi, Mary. "Fostering Healthy Lifestyles in Rural Areas: Train the Trainer Approach." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 41, no. 4 (July 2009): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.03.103.

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Pollak, Angela. "Information seeking and use in the context of minimalist lifestyles." Journal of Documentation 72, no. 6 (October 10, 2016): 1228–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-03-2016-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe information seeking and use (ISU) within the context of minimalist lifestyles and connect characteristics of living with less to theories of information poverty and resilience. Design/methodology/approach Naturalistic methods of inquiry describe minimalist lifestyles in a remote, rural context through semi-structured interviews with 24 adults. Environmental scanning and visual methods extended data collection retrospectively and longitudinally to span almost 118 years of community history. Qualitative thematic coding and analysis proceeded inductively and reflexively. Findings Living minimally in this environment results in adaptive strategies that compensate for lack of resources in general, and information resources specifically. Positive psycho-social attitudes such as optimism, creativity, curiosity, resourcefulness, and self-sufficiency continue to be important factors in developing resilience in information seeking practices. Research limitations/implications Information poverty is usually defined relatively, and often in relation to formal, macro-level environments. Focussing attention on informal, local level ISU reveals alternate varieties of knowledge, ways of knowing and characteristics that create information resilience in the face of sometimes profound deficits. Practical implications Highlights of positive aspects to ISU in this remote, rural context will be of interest to researchers and practitioners serving rural library systems. Originality/value This study provides an historical and contemporary glimpse into the ISU patterns of a previously unexamined population and context, those who live minimalist lifestyles in a remote and rural location.

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Leyshon, Michael. "The betweeness of being a rural youth: inclusive and exclusive lifestyles." Social & Cultural Geography 9, no. 1 (February 2008): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649360701789535.

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Cloke, Paul, and Lyneth Davies. "Deprivation and lifestyles in rural Wales. — I. Towards a cultural dimension." Journal of Rural Studies 8, no. 4 (October 1992): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(92)90049-c.

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Cloke, Paul, Mark Goodwin, Paul Milbourne, and Chris Thomas. "Deprivation, poverty and marginalization in rural lifestyles in England and Wales." Journal of Rural Studies 11, no. 4 (October 1995): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(95)00016-x.

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Goodwin, M., P. Cloke, and P. Milbourne. "Regulation Theory and Rural Research: Theorising Contemporary Rural Change." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271245.

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In this paper we have tried to develop a theoretical and conceptual framework for analysing contemporary rural change. Initial results from a recent research project on changing lifestyles in rural Wales are used to investigate the potential contribution of regulation theory in rural research. The paper consists of four main sections. In the first and second sections, the main theoretical characteristics presented by a regulationist analysis of contemporary capitalist change are discussed in detail, stressing that regulation is a continuous but highly variable process. In the third section, some key findings from recent work on rural Wales—which highlights the cultural, social, and economic elements of change–are presented. In the fourth and concluding section we discuss the potential contribution which regulation theory might make to rural research, but in addition outline the ways in which an analysis of contemporary rural change might contribute to the continuing development of regulation theory. In particular, attention is drawn to several key issues which a regulationist account of rural change will have to consider.

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Brown, Sharon A., William B. Perkison, Alexandra A. García, Heather E. Cuevas, Mary M. Velasquez, Mary A. Winter, and Craig L. Hanis. "The Starr County Border Health Initiative: Focus Groups on Diabetes Prevention in Mexican Americans." Diabetes Educator 44, no. 3 (April 12, 2018): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721718770143.

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Purpose The purpose of the study was to conduct focus groups with Mexican Americans in an impoverished rural community on the Texas-Mexico border to identify current barriers to adopting healthier lifestyles and to obtain recommendations for diabetes prevention. Methods Three separate 2-hour focus groups were led by an experienced bilingual Mexican American moderator. Interviews included questions about cultural factors and barriers that influence lifestyle behaviors, aspects of previous diabetes self-management interventions that were helpful for motivating behavioral change, and recommendations for diabetes prevention. Results Twenty-seven participants attended a focus group session; each session involved 7 to 12 informants. Individuals were diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus; most were female, foreign born, and Spanish speaking. Interviews documented the cultural importance of food. Informants raised priority issues for diabetes prevention, including the need to learn how to prepare healthier foods and track caloric intake. Major barriers to healthier lifestyles included high costs of healthy foods, fatigue from busy schedules and working multiple jobs, a cultural view that exercise is a waste of valuable time, and fear of deportation. Conclusions Cultural influences and barriers to implementing healthy lifestyles should be assessed regularly and strategies implemented to overcome them. Such factors may change as environmental, sociocultural, and political environments change.

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Morelli, Gilda, Naomi Quinn, Nandita Chaudhary, Marga Vicedo, Mariano Rosabal-Coto, Heidi Keller, Marjorie Murray, Alma Gottlieb, Gabriel Scheidecker, and Akira Takada. "Ethical Challenges of Parenting Interventions in Low- to Middle-Income Countries." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022117746241.

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This article explores ethical issues raised by parenting interventions implemented in communities in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) with rural, subsistence lifestyles. Many of these interventions foster “positive parenting practices” to improve children’s chances of fulfilling their developmental potential. The practices are derived from attachment theory and presented as the universal standard of good care. But attachment-based parenting is typical primarily of people living Western lifestyles and runs counter to the different ways many people with other lifestyles care for their children given what they want for them. Thus, such parenting interventions involve encouraging caregivers to change their practices and views, usually with little understanding of how such changes affect child, family, and community. This undermines researchers’ and practitioners’ ability to honor promises to uphold ethic codes of respect and beneficence. Support for this claim is provided by comparing positive parenting practices advocated by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF; with the world health organization [WHO]) Care for Child Development (CCD) intervention with parenting practices typical of communities with rural, subsistence lifestyles—the most common of lifestyles worldwide and largely observed in LMICs. As UNICEF has a considerable presence in these countries, the CCD intervention was selected as a case study. In addition, parenting interventions typically target people who are poor, and the issues this raises regarding ethics of fairness and justice are considered. Recommendations are made for ways change agents can be sensitive to the living conditions and worldviews of communities, and, thus, be appropriately effective and ethically sensitive to the diverse needs of different communities.

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Dziano, Jenelle, Emma Milanese, Svetlana Bogomolova, and James Dollman. "Student-Led Motivational Interviewing for Physical Activity Promotion among Rural Adults: A Feasibility and Acceptability Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031308.

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In many countries, rural residents have lower life expectancies and poorer health outcomes than urban residents. Adults living in rural Australia have lower physical activity levels than major city counterparts, contributing to this observed health disparity. As physical activity interventions in rural populations have shown minimal success, there is an urgent need for innovative and affordable interventions that facilitate active lifestyles in this vulnerable population. This study assessed the feasibility of physical activity-focused motivational interviewing, delivered by university health sciences undergraduates in a rural Australian region. “Health age” was assessed at baseline (n = 62) from physiological and behavioral measures, immediately followed by the motivational interview, with health age again assessed at 8 weeks follow-up. Mixed methods using a questionnaire (n = 41 at both time points) and one-on-one interview (n = 8) identified aspects of intervention acceptability and feasibility. A large majority rated the motivational interview as meaningful (98%), empathetic (96%), autonomy-focused (88%), and likely to lead to sustained behavior change (98%). Interviews highlighted several potential attitudinal and structural factors that might influence long-term behavior change. Further development of this strategy in rural regions will depend on a deeper understanding of individuals’ and communities’ awareness, attitudes, and beliefs in relation to active lifestyles.

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Zhukova, Oksana, and Simon Bell. "The krushchkevka and the dom kultura: urban lifestyles in a rural setting." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196308001.

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Collectivisation in the Soviet Union, including the Baltic States, involved many aspects related to living conditions and architecture. One of the dominant images of village centres in Estonia and Latvia is that of the standardised urban forms of blocks of flats and other buildings such as schools and administrative buildings. On collectivisation, new village centres arose, promising “Urban lifestyles in a rural setting”. There are very few designs for blocks of flats – standardisation came in with Krushchev and the first generation of flats built of white brick became known as Krushchevki. Alongside these were buildings to serve as places where the new Soviet cultural activities could take place – the Dom Kultura which, in contrast to the standard flats, was often of a special one-off design. These can often be found to be abandoned and derelict nowadays, since they have no function and represented the Soviet regime. The objective of this study was to examine the plans and initial proposals for several kolkhoz centres and, using computer aided-design, to recreate 3D models of the building ensemble as it was originally planned, to compare this to what was actually built and to what remains now and the extent to which they are still used. We found that while the standard flats were built according to plan, external landscape features were often omitted. The unique designs of the culture houses often contained many interesting Modernist or even post-modernist features but changed during construction and were often built of poor materials and finishes. They were vandalised, robbed of materials and are now abandoned in many cases. Their architects often went on to make a post-Soviet career and there is considerable interest in their designs. They represent a lost legacy of the period.

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MacDowell, Martin, Madonna Weese, Kimberly Nielsen, and Michael Glasser. "Illinois 4-H Health Jam for Healthy Lifestyles and Rural Pipeline Awareness." Family & Community Health 34, no. 2 (2011): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0b013e31820e0db3.

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Cloke, Paul, and Paul Milbourne. "Deprivation and lifestyles in rural Wales. —II. Rurality and the cultural dimension." Journal of Rural Studies 8, no. 4 (October 1992): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(92)90050-g.

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Yoshida, Aya, Panate Manomivibool, Tomohiro Tasaki, and Pattayaporn Unroj. "Qualitative Study on Electricity Consumption of Urban and Rural Households in Chiang Rai, Thailand, with a Focus on Ownership and Use of Air Conditioners." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2020): 5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145796.

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This study investigated the differences in household energy consumption between urban and rural households in northern Thailand, with a particular focus on air-conditioner ownership and use. In-depth visits to 32 households in Chiang Rai were undertaken in 2016 and 2017. The data collection covered six aspects: household attributes, ownership of electric appliances, use of air conditioners (ACs), intentions to conserve electricity, desire to purchase electric appliances in the future, and prospects for a future lifestyle. Traditional stilt houses can still be found in rural areas, but ACs have been introduced as rural houses have modernized. The typical period of AC use in rural areas was 2 to 4 months during summer. In urban households, ACs were used for a longer period, from 3 to 12 months each year. In addition, rural households usually used ACs for only a few hours each day before sleeping, whereas urban households often used them while they slept and some used them throughout the day. Households with children and grandchildren tended to use the AC for longer periods. These results suggest that promotion of environmentally friendly lifestyles for younger adults to control overuse of ACs would be key to reducing energy consumption in the future.

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Ojiambo, Robert M., Chris Easton, Jose A. Casajús, Kenn Konstabel, John J. Reilly, and Yannis Pitsiladis. "Effect of Urbanization on Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels, Sedentary Time, and Indices of Adiposity in Kenyan Adolescents." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.1.115.

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Background:Urbanization affects lifestyles in the developing world but no studies have assessed the impact on objectively measured physical activity in children and adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa.Purpose:To compare objectively measured habitual physical activity, sedentary time, and indices of adiposity in adolescents from rural and urban areas of Kenya.Methods:Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed by accelerometry for 5 consecutive days in 97 (50 female and 47 male) rural and 103 (52 female and 51 male) urban adolescents (mean age 13 ± 1 years). Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI z-scores were used to assess adiposity.Results:Rural males spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) compared with urban males (68 ± 22 vs. 50 ± 17 min, respectively; P < .001). Similarly, Rural females spent more time in MVPA compared with urban females (62 ± 20 vs. 37 ± 20 min, respectively; P < .001). Furthermore, there were significant differences in daily sedentary time between rural and urban subjects. Residence (rural vs. urban) significantly (P < .001) influenced BMI z-score (R2 = .46).Conclusion:Rural Kenyan adolescents are significantly more physically active (and less sedentary) and have lower indices of adiposity compared with urban adolescents and this is a likely refection of the impact of urbanization on lifestyle in Kenya.

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Pham, Nhu Ngoc K., Mai Do, Van H. Bui, and Giang T. Nguyen. "Rural-to-urban migration in Vietnam: conceptualized youth’s vulnerabilities in the city." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2015-0044.

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Purpose Vietnam is experiencing high rates of young adult migration from rural hometowns to urban cities in search of new economic and social opportunities. However, limited internal migration research has examined the well-being of this population once they are in the urban destinations, as well as their interactions with the new lifestyles in the cities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore the social transition of young Vietnamese migrants into city life. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted among ten female and six male temporary unmarried migrants, between ages of 18 and 25 years, currently living in Ha Noi through purposive sampling. Findings Despite a higher income in the city, young migrants often suffer from physical and mental health strains that decrease their overall well-being, caused by the factors such as barriers to assimilation to new lifestyles, continued attachment to origin hometowns, financial pressures, and poor living conditions. Important aspects in pre-migration expectations and actual experiences influenced the psychosocial well-being of these young migrants as they transitioned into adulthood during their migration process. Migration to the city and assimilation into city life also changed young migrants’ views on lifestyles and behaviors often considered misconducts in their rural hometowns, such as premarital sex. Female migrants faced higher stigmatization compared to male migrants, often described by fellow migrants as becoming “loose” in the new city. Originality/value The study findings highlight the important gender-specific implications for health services and programs to improve young migrants’ well-being in the city.

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Peker, Gurbet. "Djuren i den rurala livsstilsmigrationen." Budkavlen 99 (November 10, 2020): 90–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.37447/bk.99535.

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Animals and Rural Lifestyle Migration Gurbet Peker Keywords: Lifestyle migration, rural idyll, animal husbandry, interspecies relationships This article examines the role of animals and animal husbandry in rural lifestyle migration to the Gotlandic countryside. One area of interest is the significance of animals and animal husbandry as part of migrants’ notions of the rural idyll and the place they seek. The article also describes and analyses animal-related everyday practices and interspecies relationships that are developed between migrants and animals. The empirical material has been collected using ethnographic methods based on observations and qualitative interviews. The researcher also emerged herself in aspects of the rural lifestyle migration being studied. The informants have all left the city of Stockholm in favour of life in the Gotlandic countryside, where they devote themselves to small-scale animal husbandry and keep sheep, horses, chickens and other animals. The theoretical foundation is that humans and other animals are in a state of constant becoming-with and, thus, create each other’s lifeworlds. The focus is on analysing everyday practices and how interspecies relationships shape the migrants and their lifestyles. At the same time, the researcher also looks at the way in which discourses affect the migrants’ rural lifestyle migration, both as cultural preconceptions and everyday practices. The results show that animals and animal husbandry play a central role in the rural idyll and the place that migrants seek. The interspecies relationships are also important for the informants’ socialisation and establishment processes in the Gotlandic countryside. The migrants find their relationships with the animals meaningful and crucial for the established lifestyle. These close everyday relationships lead the informants to renegotiate aspects of their view of animals as well as their view of eating meat. This lifestyle with animals also involves emotional challenges related to slaughter, an aspect of animal husbandry that the migrants find stressful. The interspecies relationships documented in the material are consistently characterised by ambivalence and constant renegotiations. In summary, the article shows that the animals and the animal-related practices are crucial for the lifestyle to which the migrants aspire, the everyday life they establish, as well as for the migration project as a whole.

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McCormack, Lacey, Howard Wey, Jessica Meendering, and Bonny Specker. "Differences in Physical Activity and Diet Patterns between Non-Rural and Rural Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111601.

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Background: It is unclear how rural occupations and lifestyles may play a role in shaping physical activity and diet behaviors that contribute to the rural–urban obesity disparity. Methods: Data come from the prospective and observational South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study, which included adults aged 20–66 years in three groups: (1) non-rural non-Hutterite, (2) rural non-Hutterite, and (3) rural Hutterite. Physical activity data were collected using 7-day physical activity questionnaires, and hours per day in physical activity categories are reported. Diet data were collected using food frequency questionnaires, and food group servings per day (svg/day) are reported. Mixed models were generated to determine group differences in physical activity and diet outcomes, and marginal group means are presented. Results: Among females, both rural groups spent more time in moderate activity (4.8 ± 0.13 h/day and 4.7 ± 0.09 h/day vs. 3.5 ± 0.11 h/day, both p < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.58 ± 0.03 h/day and 0.53 ± 0.02 h/day vs. 0.43 ± 0.03 h/day, both p < 0.01) and less time sitting (4.4 ± 0.13 h/day and 4.3 ± 0.09 h/day vs. 5.0 ± 0.11 h/day, both p < 0.001) on weekdays than non-rural groups. Hutterite females spent fewer hours in moderate activity (2.6 ± 0.08 h/day vs. 4.5 ± 0.11 h/day, p < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.18 ± 0.02 h/day vs. 0.46 ± 0.02 h/day, p < 0.001) on weekend days compared to rural females. Hutterite females consumed more fruits (2.2 ± 0.06 svg/day vs. 1.7 ± 0.10 svg/day, p < 0.001) and vegetables (3.6 ± 0.08 svg/day vs. 2.7 ± 0.12 svg/day, p < 0.001) than rural females. Among males, both rural groups spent more time in moderate activity (4.9 ± 0.13 h/day and 6.1 ± 0.12 h/day vs. 3.0 ± 0.16 h/day, both p < 0.001) and less time sitting (4.1 ± 0.13 h/day and 3.4 ± 0.12 h/day vs. 6.0 ± 0.15 h/day, both p < 0.001) on weekdays compared to non-rural groups. Hutterite males spent less time in moderate activity (2.1 ± 0.10 h/day vs. 4.1 ± 0.11 h/day, p < 0.001) and vigorous activity (0.15 ± 0.04 h/day vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 h/day, p < 0.001) on weekend days compared to rural males. Hutterite males consumed more vegetables (3.0 ± 0.10 svg/day vs. 2.0 ± 0.11 svg/day, p < 0.001) than rural males. Conclusions: A rural occupation and lifestyle appear to contribute to differences in physical activity, while traditional rural lifestyle practices contribute to differences in diet.

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Jiale, Ren, Yao Leye, and Liu Chunyu. "Educating Peasants: the Beibei Public Library in Light of Chinese Rural Reconstruction, 1928–1950." Libri 69, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2018-0047.

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Abstract The Beibei Public Library (1928–1950) dedicated itself to social education in the rural areas of Chongqing. Examining this library in light of rural reconstruction, this study considers how libraries are affected by the attitudes and behaviors of social elites, officials, government policies, wars, conventional thinking etc. The Beibei Public Library is studied in terms of three aspects: indoor service, itinerant libraries, and additional services. Moreover, this study examines how librarians catered to peasants’ needs, promoted knowledge dissemination, and helped mold new lifestyles in rural China. This case study contributes to research on Chinese rural libraries in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Park, Chun-Man, Gyu-Jong Kim, Nakajima Kazuo, Sung-Kook Lee, Duk Sunwoo, and Kyung-Jin Min. "Research on Health Habits and lifestyles among Korean elderly in a rural community." Health & Welfare 1 (December 31, 1998): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.23948/kshw.1998.12.1.210.

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Choi, Jung-Min. "The Rural-Life Settlement Process of the People with the Multi-Habitation Lifestyles." Journal of the Korean housing association 24, no. 4 (August 25, 2013): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2013.24.4.039.

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Glendinning, Anthony. "Family life, health and lifestyles in rural areas: the role of self‐esteem." Health Education 98, no. 2 (April 1998): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654289810199829.

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Cohen, Juliana F. W., Vivica I. Kraak, Silvina F. Choumenkovitch, Raymond R. Hyatt, and Christina D. Economos. "The CHANGE Study: A Healthy-Lifestyles Intervention to Improve Rural Children's Diet Quality." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, no. 1 (January 2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.08.014.

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Stagno, Anna Maria. "Investigating rural change. Legal access rights and changing lifestyles in rural mountain communities (Ligurian Apennines, Italy, 16th-21st centuries)." World Archaeology 51, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1674066.

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Schoenberg, Nancy, Madeline Dunfee, Hannah Yeager, Matthew Rutledge, Angela Pfammatter, and Bonnie Spring. "Rural Residents’ Perspectives on an mHealth or Personalized Health Coaching Intervention: Qualitative Study With Focus Groups and Key Informant Interviews." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e18853. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18853.

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Background Compared with national averages, rural Appalachians experience extremely elevated rates of premature morbidity and mortality. New opportunities, including approaches incorporating personal technology, may help improve lifestyles and overcome health inequities. Objective This study aims to gather perspectives on whether a healthy lifestyle intervention, specifically an app originally designed for urban users, may be feasible and acceptable to rural residents. In addition to a smartphone app, this program—Make Better Choices 2—consists of personalized health coaching, accelerometer use, and financial incentives. Methods We convened 4 focus groups and 16 key informant interviews with diverse community stakeholders to assess perspectives on this novel, evidence-based diet and physical activity intervention. Participants were shown a slide presentation and asked open-ended follow-up questions. The focus group and key informant interview sessions were audiotaped, transcribed, and subjected to thematic analysis. Results We identified 3 main themes regarding Appalachian residents’ perspectives on this mobile health (mHealth) intervention: personal technology is feasible and desirable; challenges persist in implementing mHealth lifestyle interventions in Appalachian communities; and successful mHealth interventions should include personal connections, local coaches, and educational opportunities. Although viewed as feasible and acceptable overall, lack of healthy lifestyle awareness, habitual behavior, and financial constraints may challenge the success of mHealth lifestyle interventions in Appalachia. Finally, participants described several minor elements that require modification, including expanding the upper age inclusion, providing extra coaching on technology use, emphasizing personal and supportive connections, employing local coaches, and ensuring adequate educational content for the program. Conclusions Blending new technologies, health coaching, and other features is not only acceptable but may be essential to reach vulnerable rural residents.

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Castrillón, Renato D’Alençon, Olivia Kummel, and Purev-Erdene Ershuu. "Social Development and Space Patterns in Ger Settlements." Inner Asia 18, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340066.

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Over the last 20 years, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, has witnessed unprecedented urbanisation. Nomadic families from the rural provinces of the country have been pouring into the city and developing the so-called ‘ger settlements’. The traditional mobile dwelling, the ger (Mongolian for ‘yurt’), forms the nucleus of semi-formal settlement compounds, where yurts and makeshift shelters are surrounded by improvised walls and connected by dusty access lanes. Ger settlements lack essential urban services, such as water and sewage systems, as well as many public services and public spaces. At the same time, ger settlements are dynamic, hybrid spaces in which nomadic/rural and urban lifestyles still merge today, bearing problems but also opportunities for the city, as linkages to former nomadic lifestyles. The paper discusses challenges to community making and empowerment when transforming from nomadic life style to urban life and these are linked to the traditions and daily routines of ger settlement Yarmag.

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WENGER, G. CLARE. "Myths and realities of ageing in rural Britain." Ageing and Society 21, no. 1 (January 2001): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008042.

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Ageing in rural areas has received less attention in the literature than the proportions of older people living in rural areas might suggest. This paper looks at rural ageing in the United Kingdom based on the existing literature and on research in country areas in which the author has been involved. It examines some of the common myths about ageing in rural communities and explores these in terms of their accuracy when compared with the reality of the situation of older people in these areas. The realities of rural lifestyles, family and community networks, life satisfaction, health and access to services are briefly discussed. It is concluded that ageing in rural Britain has advantages and disadvantages but that it is conclusively neither better nor worse than ageing in urban areas. However, it is suggested that rural service provision demands a different approach from that which is appropriate in urban areas.

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Lipatova, L., N. Pruel, and V. Gradusova. "Assessment of demographic situation in rural area of the Russian Federation from the position of economic security." National Security and Strategic Planning 2021, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2021-1-104-110.

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Based on the analysis of official statistics, the article concludes that the main factor in the reproduction of the rural population of modern Russia is international migration. In 2020, under the influence of antiquated events, many industries and regions felt the reduction in the inflow of foreign labor. The introduced restrictions on the entry of foreign citizens into the country can have a significant impact on the reproduction of the rural population and the formation of the labor potential of the agro-industrial complex.Along with measures to prevent a massive outflow of the population from rural areas by creating favorable living conditions and forming a positive attitude towards rural areas and rural lifestyles, it is necessary to develop regional strategies to attract foreign migrants to work in the agro-industrial complex.

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Speciale, Alex C. "Prevalence and factors related to psychological distress among ethnic minority adults in a semi-modern village in rural Vietnam: an evolutionary mismatch framework." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab014.

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Abstract Background and objectives Psychological distress is one of the greatest health threats facing humanity and has been hypothesized to represent an evolutionary mismatch. This hypothesis can be tested in semi-traditional societies that are undergoing transitions to modern lifestyles. This study used an evolutionary medicine framework to examine the predictors of psychological distress symptomology in a semi-modern ethnic minority village in rural Vietnam that is transitioning into a developing economy. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chieng Sai Village among White Thai ethnic minority adults aged 18–75. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure the prevalence of psychological distress symptoms (depression and stress), and a closed format questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables within an evolutionary mismatch framework. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine associated factors of psychological distress symptomology. Results The prevalence of psychological distress symptoms was 22% (depression = 16.9%, stress = 16.3%). Common features of modernity, such as low levels of exercise, boredom, and low income, showed positive associations with psychological distress, while lifestyle features that were more similar to those expected in the evolutionary past and that fulfill evolutionary adaptations, such as getting enough sleep, adequate physical exertion, and access to resources (earning a sufficient income), showed negative associations with psychological distress. Conclusions and implications This study suggests that modern lifestyles might have generated evolutionary mismatches that are negatively impacting mental health in Chieng Sai Village. Further investigations on mental health in rural Vietnam are warrented. Future research should focus on determining the causal relationship between psychological distress and evolutionary mismatches. Evolutionary medicine approaches to understanding and preventing psychological distress are potential forces of insight to be considered in public health and educational policy. Lay summary Approximately 22% of White Thai ethnic minority adults in the village of Cheing Sai reported psychological distress symptoms. I found that lifestyle factors prevalent in modern society had positive associations with psychological distress symptomology, while lifestyle factors that mimic aspects of the human evolutionary past, such as adequate physical exertion, had negative associations with psychological distress symptoms.

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Rivera-Ochoa, María, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Barbara Vizmanos-Lamotte, Asier Mañas, Juan Ricardo López-Taylor, Marcela González-Gross, and Amelia Guadalupe-Grau. "Health-Related Factors in Rural and Urban Mexican Adolescents from the State of Jalisco: The HELENA-MEX Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 8959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238959.

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Mexico shows a high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents. Geographical location and cultural environment could play a role in the promotion of healthy lifestyles in terms of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess rural and urban differences in body composition (BC), physical fitness (PF), PA and nutritional status of adolescents from the state of Jalisco (Mexico). The study involved 469 students aged 13–17 years (55.0% girls) from eight high schools. BC was analyzed by bioimpedance and PF by standardized field tests. Objective measurements of PA and SB were taken in a subsample (n = 240). Energy intake (EI) was calculated from two 24h recalls. Rural residents presented a higher prevalence of overweight, waist circumference, trunk fat mass, regional fat free mass and muscle handgrip strength (all p < 0.05, η2p < 0.06). Cardiorespiratory fitness was similar among participants, whereas urban adolescents showed higher muscle power, speed-agility and flexibility scores (all p < 0.05, η2p < 0.07). Overall lifestyle behavior in urban adolescents was more sedentary (p < 0.05, η2p = 0.11). EI was similar in both locations. In conclusion, rural Mexican adolescents presented a generally lower sedentary behavior and a lower fitness and fatness profile than their urban peers.

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Oehmke, James F., Satoshi Tsukamoto, and Lori A. Post. "Can Health Care Services Attract Retirees And Contribute to the Economic Sustainability of Rural Places?" Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 1 (April 2007): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500009473.

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The search for engines to power rural economic growth has gone beyond the traditional boundaries of the food and fiber sector to industries such as tourism and to schemes such as attracting metropolitan workers to commuter communities with rural amenities. A group that has been somewhat overlooked is retirees, who may wish to trade in urban or suburban lifestyles for a more peaceful rural retirement. An industry that has been neglected is the health care industry, which is the most rapidly growing industry nationally and of particular interest to retirees and aging populations. This paper examines the importance of rural health care services in attracting migrants age 65+ to rural counties in Michigan. Results indicate that the number of health care workers has a positive effect on net in-migration, and that this effect is large and statistically significant for the 70+ age group. Implications for rural development strategies are discussed.

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Sharov, Sergey Yu. "Resources for rural settlement development in modern Russia." POPULATION 23, no. 3 (2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.10.

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In the 21st century, rural population in Russia as a whole continues to decline. However, different levels of urbanization and different rates of its change across regions indicate the heterogeneity of processes and the influence of many factors. The main trends are completion of the withering away of the traditional rural lifestyle, mixing urban and rural lifestyles in the suburbs with predominance of the former (summer cottages, cottages), gravitation of rural economic activity towards the zones of influence of agglomerations, development of an economic base not related to agriculture: seasonal work, tourism and recreation, traditional crafts, remote work, creative projects. Technological progress, development of means of online dissemination of technologies and know-how, withdrawal of industrial production from large cities and their miniaturization allow us to discuss the prospects for development of industries in rural areas that satisfy a significant part of the local demand for consumer goods and the need for certain types of equipment. The course towards a reasonable regional economic autonomy will allow increasing the proportion of local agricultural products in the regional diet, which also requires development of cooperation of small agricultural producers and diversification of sales channels. To ensure competitiveness of rural areas as a habitat in relation to cities, it is necessary to ensure connectivity of those areas with central localities and provision of modern infrastructure, amenities, access to education, healthcare and high culture. This can be facilitated by modern solutions that are currently at varying degrees of implementation in different countries of the world (such as distance forms of education, healthcare, exhibitions, performances; crowdfunding projects) and by the solutions from the recent past that have not found sufficient implementation (for example, local aviation, regional tours of artists and performers).

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Myers, Jane E., and Carman S. Gill. "Poor, Rural and Female: Under-Studied, Under-Counseled, More At-Risk." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.26.3.png90pjuhl4prrrh.

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The feminization of poverty has been well documented, and the relationship between the experiences of poverty and negative mental health outcomes has been identified. These consequences remain largely unexamined for women living in rural areas that comprise a population both at risk and underserved by mental health professionals.The dynamics of poverty for these women and the relationship between poverty lifestyles and physical and mental well-being is explored.A model for assessment and mental health interventions is presented. Implications for mental health counseling and for research are considered.

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Bellem, Alex. "Disappearing Lifestyles? Dialects and Traditions of the Rural North, Centre and South of Jordan." Bulletin for the Council for British Research in the Levant 12, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17527260.2017.1556917.

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Radaev, Vadim V. "Urban and rural millennials: Heterogeneity of the young adult generation." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-7-5-28.

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A sociological approach towards the generational cohort analysis is developed. A special emphasis is made upon the youngest adult generation of millennials coming out of their adolescence in the 2000s. A broad range of social indicators is used for empirical exploration of intra-generational differences between urban and rural millennials. Data were collected from the annual Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) in 2003—2016. Numerous significant differences have been revealed with regard to the educational level, family planning, use of modern gadgets and digital technologies, commitment to healthy lifestyles, and some values. Some practices are more widely spread among rural millennials, whereas other practices are more characteristic of urban millennials. Most of revealed differences are explained by the lower level of material well-being of rural millennials and lower quality of rural infrastructure.

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Donnermeyer, Joseph F., John Scott, and Elaine Barclay. "How Rural Criminology Informs Critical Thinking in Criminology." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i3.122.

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Over the past quarter century, a growing volume of rural-focused criminological work has emerged. In this article, the literature related to three rural criminological issues are examined and discussed in terms of their lessons for critical criminology. Research on rural communities and crime is examined as a way to criticize and challenge mainstream criminological theories and concepts like social disorganisation and collective efficacy, and to remind critical criminologists of the importance for developing critical perspectives for place-based or ecological theories of crime. Agricultural crime studies are discussed in terms of the need to develop a critical criminology of agriculture and food. Finally, criminological studies of rural ‘others’ is used to show the need for critical criminologists to give greater analytic attention to divisions and marginalities of peoples living in smaller and more isolated places based on gender, race, and lifestyles, among other factors.

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Pesut, Barbara, Carole A. Robinson, Joan L. Bottorff, Gillian Fyles, and Sandra Broughton. "On the road again: Patient perspectives on commuting for palliative care." Palliative and Supportive Care 8, no. 2 (March 23, 2010): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951509990940.

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AbstractObjective:The aim of this research project was to gain an understanding of the experiences of rural cancer patients who commute to an urban cancer center for palliative care.Method:The study utilized a mixed method design. Fifteen individuals with a palliative designation participated in semi-structured interviews and filled out the Problems and Needs in Palliative Care Questionnaire.Results:Qualitative findings included three major themes: cultures of rural life and care, strategies for commuting, and the effects of commuting. Participants valued their rural lifestyles and gained significant support from their communities. Strategies included preparing for the trip with particular attention to pain management, making the most of time, and maintaining significant relationships. Establishing a routine helped to offset the anxiety of commuting. Commuting was costly but the quality of life and supportive relationships obtained through treatment were significant benefits. Questionnaire data suggested that participants were experiencing a number of problems but few indicated they desired more professional attention to those problems.Significance of Results:Rural lifestyles are often an important part of overall well-being and commuting for care is both costly and complex. Health care providers should assist individuals to weigh the relative contributions of staying in their rural locale versus commuting for care to their overall quality of life. Palliative-care individuals in this study indicated a number of ongoing problems but were not inclined to seek further assistance from health care providers in addressing those problems. Clinicians should actively inquire about problems and further research is needed to understand why patients are reluctant to seek help.

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WALSH, KATHERINE CRAMER. "Putting Inequality in Its Place: Rural Consciousness and the Power of Perspective." American Political Science Review 106, no. 3 (July 30, 2012): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000305.

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Why do people vote against their interests? Previous explanations miss something fundamental because they do not consider the work of group consciousness. Based on participant observation of conversations from May 2007 to May 2011 among 37 regularly occurring groups in 27 communities sampled across Wisconsin, this study shows that in some places, people have a class- and place-based identity that is intertwined with a perception of deprivation. The rural consciousness revealed here shows people attributing rural deprivation to the decision making of (urban) political elites, who disregard and disrespect rural residents and rural lifestyles. Thus these rural residents favor limited government, even though such a stance might seem contradictory to their economic self-interests. The results encourage us to consider the role of group consciousness-based perspectives rather than pitting interests against values as explanations for preferences. Also, the study suggests that public opinion research more seriously include listening to the public.

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Rahman, Md Mahfuzar, Mazaherul Huq, and Md Atiqur Rahman. "Study on the pattern of prescriptions available at rural households in Bangladesh." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 1, no. 1 (January 8, 2013): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13207.

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This was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study conducted in October, 2010, in three villages of Shahjadpur Upazila of Sirajganj district in Bangladesh. Among the rural households, those who visited medical practitioners in the last three months, were included in the study. The present study aimed to examine the pattern of prescriptions available at rural households of Bangladesh, to analyze the prescriptions whether diagnoses and/or lifestyles advice were mentioned, and to find out number of drugs and antibiotics (including their dose and duration of use) prescribed. During last three months, 68% respondents had attended a doctor's chamber; however, prescriptions were available for 57% of the respondents. More than three quarters of the prescriptions (77.6%) included 3-5 medicines, and antibiotics were prescribed to 194 (61%) respondents which constituted 21.4% of the total number of drugs prescribed. The average number of drugs and antibiotics prescribed per prescriptions was 3.8 and 1.3 respectively. Only about 23% of the respondents received antibiotics for 3-6 days, 30% for 2 days, and 46% for one day. Advice on lifestyles and diagnoses were mentioned only to 32% and 52% prescriptions respectively. The study also found that 22.6% of the prescriptions were made by unqualified doctors. Specific programs should be implemented to motivate and train medical students, practitioners and allied health professionals to provide rational prescriptions to the consumers in regards to the number of drugs as well as clarity of instructions given in the prescriptions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13207 South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2011:1:12-16

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Maria Saeed, Dr. Amber Ferdoos, and Aysha Jawaid. "The Effects of Natural Resource Degradation on Rural Women's Health: A Sociological Analysis." sjesr 4, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2-2021(333-340).

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Natural resource degradation in developing countries is more likely to generate eventual threats of exhaustion. Major changes in weather patterns, seasonal cycles, and crop failure due to heavy rainfall have affected both men and women in rural areas of Pakistan. However, since women in rural areas of Pakistan are actively engaged in natural resource management, they are more likely to bear the brunt of the burden due to their traditional roles of washing, food preparation, water collection, and family care. Under a qualitative research design, the current research paper has focused specifically on how natural resource degradation affects the health of rural women. The research was conducted using thematic analysis, through an in-depth study of the day-to-day activities of rural women and the pressure experienced by them. To do so, sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with rural women by using interview and observation protocol. The findings revealed that rural women were dedicated to their work despite natural resource degradation they are bound to their household responsibilities, leading to mental and physical stress, as a result, overburdening and unhealthy lifestyles.

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Brauer, René, and Mirek Dymitrow. "Quality of life in rural areas: A topic for the Rural Development policy?" Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 25, no. 25 (September 1, 2014): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0028.

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Abstract Contemporary transformations of rural areas involve changes in land uses, economic perspectives, connectivity, livelihoods, but also in lifestyles, whereupon a traditional view of ‘the rural’ and, consequently, of ‘rural development’ no longer holds. Accordingly, EU’s 2007-2013 Rural Development policy (RDP) is one framework to incorporate aspects labelled as quality of life (QOL) alongside traditional rural tenets. With a new rendition of the RDP underway, this paper scopes the content and extent of the expired RDP regarding its incorporation of QOL, in order to better identify considerations for future policy making. Using novel methodology called topic modelling, a series of latent semantic structures within the RDP could be unravelled and re-interpreted via a dual categorization system based on RDP’s own view on QOL, and on definitions provided by independent research. Corroborated by other audits, the findings indicate a thematic overemphasis on agriculture, with the focus on QOL being largely insignificant. Such results point to a rationale different than the assumed one, at the same time reinforcing an outdated view of rurality in the face of the ostensibly fundamental turn towards viewing rural areas in a wider, more humanistic, perspective. This unexpected issue of underrepresentation is next addressed through three possible drivers: conceptual (lingering productionist view of the rural), ideological (capitalist prerogative preventing non-pecuniary values from entering policy) and material (institutional lock-ins incapable of accommodating significant deviations from an agricultural focus). The paper ends with a critical discussion and some reflections on the broader concept of rurality.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural lifestyles'

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