Dissertations / Theses: 'Rural lifestyles'

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Almeida, Nadja Rinelle Oliveira de. "Jovens do campo e novas tecnologias: tessituras de modos de vida." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9070.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo Ã Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer os modos de vida dos/as jovens do assentamento rural AlvaÃan Goiabeiras, localizado no municÃpio de Santana do AcaraÃ (CearÃ) e verificar a influÃncia das novas tecnologias no cotidiano desses/as jovens. Para alcanÃar os objetivos da pesquisa, foi necessÃrio um mergulho no cotidiano desses/as jovens. Com base na etnografia, foi possÃvel capturar vozes e olhares sobre essa realidade microssocial. O uso do diÃrio de campo, da observaÃÃo, da entrevista e do grupo de discussÃo foi importante para apreender as falas e os olhares desses/as jovens. Nesse trajeto, percebe-se que os/as jovens tÃm acesso Ã internet e tentam manter-se conectados/as aos ambientes virtuais. O celular significa, para esses/as jovens, uma nova forma de tecer modos de vida no campo, pois, ao utilizarem esse aparelho, ampliam as oportunidades de lazer, escutando mÃsica, jogando games eletrÃnicos, batendo papo atravÃs de mensagens de texto, para manter contato com familiares e amigos fora do assentamento. A internet Ã uma maneira de construir novas rotas pelo cotidiano desses/as jovens, porque, quando navegam pelas redes sociais e ampliam suas relaÃÃes de amizade para alÃm do espaÃo em que vivem, rompem fronteiras e modificam seu estilo de vida no assentamento. Nessa aventura midiÃtica, eles/as passam a ampliar as possibilidades de aprendizado ao compartilhar experiÃncias e vivenciar novos aprendizados, tanto nos relacionamentos atravÃs das redes sociais como no processo educacional, quando apreendem novos conhecimentos e buscam informaÃÃes para associar aos conteÃdos trabalhados na escola e na universidade. Com isso, eles/as vÃo vivenciando rupturas com um estilo de vida prÃprio do campo.
This study aims to understand the ways of life of youth in the rural settlement AlvaÃanGoiabeiras, located in the municipality of Santana do AcaraÃ (CearÃ) and then to verify the influence of new technologies in their everyday lives. To achieve the research objectives, it was needed to take a dip in the quotidian of these young. Based on ethnography, it was possible to capture voices and perspectives related to this microsocial reality. The use of a journal, observation, interviews and group discussions were important to the process of learning the discourses and perspectives of these young. In this way, one can realize that those young people, who have access to the internet, try to stay connected to the virtual environments. For them, the cellphone represents a new way of weaving lifestyles in the field, since the use of this instrument expands their recreation opportunities, as listening to music, playing electronic games and chatting via text messages to keep in touch with family and friends outside the settlement. The internet is a way to build new routes on the quotidian of these young, because, when navigating through social networks and expanding their friendships beyond the space they live in, they are breaking boundaries and changing their lifestyle as settlers. In this media adventure, they enlarge the number of possibilities of learning by living and sharing new experiences - in relationships through social networks and in the educational process - while seizing new knowledge and seeking information to associate with the contents learned in school or university. This way, they experience the process of breaking free from a lifestyle that is peculiar to the country.

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Said, Yusuf. "The effectiveness of diabetes self-management education training among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural Nigeria." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8338.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constitutes the highest percentage of diabetes cases. It has become a serious global problem due to rapid cultural and social changes, ageing, increasing urbanisation, dietary changes, reduced physical activity and unhealthy behavioural lifestyles. Furthermore, unidentified diabetes has been found to be common in many parts of Africa, including rural Nigeria, due to factors such as poor accessibility to health facilities, cultural barriers and high rates of health illiteracy. The overall aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) programme among individuals with T2DM in Jigawa State, Nigeria.

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Creamer, Emily Charlotte. "'Community' : the ends and means of sustainability? : exploring the position and influence of community-led initiatives in encouraging more sustainable lifestyles in remote rural Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10527.

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This research explored the role of community-led initiatives in encouraging the uptake of more sustainable lifestyles within the social and physical context of remote rural Scotland. Participant observation with Arlen Eco Trust (AET) and Thriving Thornton (TT), two community-led sustainability initiatives funded by the Scottish Government’s Climate Challenge Fund (CCF), led to findings which challenge the common assumption that funding for community-led initiatives will be of net benefit at the local level. In line with the requirements of the CCF, both AET and TT define community in terms of geography. However, only a small minority of the members of the geographically-defined communities of Arlen and Thornton were found to be actively involved in the groups’ activities or objectives. Both Arlen and Thornton were observed to be segmented into multiple and diverse ‘communities within communities’ and, rather than representing ‘the community’, AET and TT can more accurately be understood as an example of sub-communities in themselves. This sub-division within the communities was found to be exacerbated by the fact that both the governance and management of AET and TT were observed to be undertaken primarily by individuals regarded as ‘incomers’ to Arlen and Thornton, which resulted in an ‘incomer’ identity being passed on to the group and its activities. Historic connotations with ‘incomers’ as disruptive to traditional ways of life were found to resonate with the suspicion and scepticism expressed by some ‘locals’ wary of ‘incomer’ groups that were actively trying to change local lifestyles. The groups’ ability to engage with the wider geographic community was also observed to be further weakened in several ways by the receipt of government grant funding. The short timescales and expected outputs associated with many funding schemes were found to be discordant with the long-term sustainability goals of the community groups studied, and participation in top-down funding programmes was found to reduce the time and resources available for ‘hands on’ community participation activities. Furthermore, the need for groups to adapt their ambitions and approach to align with top-down demands from funders is incongruent with the notion of a ‘community-led’ initiative. Together, these local conditions were found to have significant implications with respect to the impact and influence of AET and TT. The funding received by the groups was found to create pockets of social capital – rather than being distributed through the geographic community – which served to strengthen the group, but segment the wider population, implying that, rather than increasing local social sustainability, schemes such as the CCF may be undermining it. Overall, this thesis concludes that, whilst the CCF was observed to facilitate community as a means by which to reduce carbon emissions, ‘community’ was not being strengthened as a policy end. As such, it questions whether current mechanisms of central government funding for isolated, self-identified community-led groups to deliver finite, output-driven projects will inherently help to empower geographic communities to adopt more sustainable lifestyles.

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Dowsett, O. "'Rural restructuring' : a multi-scalar analysis of the Otago Central Rail Trail." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/669.

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‘Rural restructuring’ has frequently been used to indicate the magnitude, and conceptualise the nature, of contemporary change in the countryside. Most notably, concern has focused upon the fundamental changes in economic and social organisation brought about by the increasing leverage of consumption-based activity as a path to rural development. By drawing on the relevant literature, however, I suggest in this thesis that the use of ‘rural restructuring’ as a conceptual framework has been inconsistent. The issue of scale is a case in point with scholars positioning their studies of rural change at varying levels of analysis. In response, I adopt Massey’s (2004) arguments about space and place to present an alternative model which considers ‘rural restructuring’ as a multi-scalar and mutually constitutive process. To explore the feasibility of approaching ‘rural restructuring’ in this way, the thesis focuses, in particular, upon the development of rural tourism at five different scales. These comprise the national scale (New Zealand), the regional scale (Central Otago), the sub-regional scale (the Otago Central Rail Trail), the business scale (five business case studies) and the individual scale (five entrepreneurial case studies). Reflecting the exploratory nature of the study and its multi-scalar approach, I use a number of qualitative research methods. These include interrogating the promotion of New Zealand and Central Otago as tourist destinations, cycling along the Otago Central Rail Trail, staying at accommodation businesses along the Rail Trail, and interviewing individual entrepreneurs about their experiences of business development. The analytical chapters of the thesis comprise an in-depth look at the promotion or experience of rural tourism development at each scale of analysis. Through identifying inter-scale consistencies and emphasising the reciprocal basis of such consistency, I present ‘rural restructuring’ as a multi-scalar and mutually constitutive process. Thus, I connect the national-scale targeting of the ‘interactive traveller’ to the promotion of Central Otago as a ‘World of Discovery’, before linking the development of the Otago Central Rail Trail to its regional context. I then investigate the nature of business development as intimately bound to the evolution of the Rail Trail, before finally tying these entrepreneurial creations to individual accounts of exhaustion and enjoyment that emerge from the operation of tourism businesses. The thesis ends by concluding that ‘rural restructuring’ can indeed be considered a multi-scalar and mutually constitutive process, worked out simultaneously at wide-ranging but interconnected levels of change.

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ALMEIDA, Nadja Rinelle Oliveira de. "Jovens do campo e novas tecnologias: tessituras de modos de vida." www.teses.ufc.br, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7333.

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ALMEIDA, Nadja Rinelle Oliveira de. Jovens do campo e novas tecnologias: tessituras de modos de vida. 2012. 165f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2012.
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This study aims to understand the ways of life of youth in the rural settlement AlvaçanGoiabeiras, located in the municipality of Santana do Acaraú (Ceará) and then to verify the influence of new technologies in their everyday lives. To achieve the research objectives, it was needed to take a dip in the quotidian of these young. Based on ethnography, it was possible to capture voices and perspectives related to this microsocial reality. The use of a journal, observation, interviews and group discussions were important to the process of learning the discourses and perspectives of these young. In this way, one can realize that those young people, who have access to the internet, try to stay connected to the virtual environments. For them, the cellphone represents a new way of weaving lifestyles in the field, since the use of this instrument expands their recreation opportunities, as listening to music, playing electronic games and chatting via text messages to keep in touch with family and friends outside the settlement. The internet is a way to build new routes on the quotidian of these young, because, when navigating through social networks and expanding their friendships beyond the space they live in, they are breaking boundaries and changing their lifestyle as settlers. In this media adventure, they enlarge the number of possibilities of learning by living and sharing new experiences - in relationships through social networks and in the educational process - while seizing new knowledge and seeking information to associate with the contents learned in school or university. This way, they experience the process of breaking free from a lifestyle that is peculiar to the country.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer os modos de vida dos/as jovens do assentamento rural Alvaçan Goiabeiras, localizado no município de Santana do Acaraú (Ceará) e verificar a influência das novas tecnologias no cotidiano desses/as jovens. Para alcançar os objetivos da pesquisa, foi necessário um mergulho no cotidiano desses/as jovens. Com base na etnografia, foi possível capturar vozes e olhares sobre essa realidade microssocial. O uso do diário de campo, da observação, da entrevista e do grupo de discussão foi importante para apreender as falas e os olhares desses/as jovens. Nesse trajeto, percebe-se que os/as jovens têm acesso à internet e tentam manter-se conectados/as aos ambientes virtuais. O celular significa, para esses/as jovens, uma nova forma de tecer modos de vida no campo, pois, ao utilizarem esse aparelho, ampliam as oportunidades de lazer, escutando música, jogando games eletrônicos, batendo papo através de mensagens de texto, para manter contato com familiares e amigos fora do assentamento. A internet é uma maneira de construir novas rotas pelo cotidiano desses/as jovens, porque, quando navegam pelas redes sociais e ampliam suas relações de amizade para além do espaço em que vivem, rompem fronteiras e modificam seu estilo de vida no assentamento. Nessa aventura midiática, eles/as passam a ampliar as possibilidades de aprendizado ao compartilhar experiências e vivenciar novos aprendizados, tanto nos relacionamentos através das redes sociais como no processo educacional, quando apreendem novos conhecimentos e buscam informações para associar aos conteúdos trabalhados na escola e na universidade. Com isso, eles/as vão vivenciando rupturas com um estilo de vida próprio do campo.

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Jones, Ashley May. "Improving the Management of Obesity in a Rural Community." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594400.

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Background: Nearly half of the US population is overweight or obese, carrying with them a higher risk for morbidity and mortality and rising healthcare costs. Rural women are disproportionately affected, with higher rates of obesity, obesity-related chronic diseases, and poorer health outcomes (Befort, Nazir, & Perri, 2012; Penney, Rainham, Dummer & Kirk, 2014). There may be several factors. In general, rural health systems are more isolated, with a lack of healthcare resources including quality providers, technology, and public health services (IOM, 2009). Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess how obesity is managed in women residing in one rural community - Ritzville, Washington. Methods and Aims: Charts of all women ≥ 18 years of age receiving care at Hometown Family Medicine clinic (HTFM) were queried for a diagnosis of obesity. The prevalence of obesity in this group was calculated. Of those identified as obese, thirty charts were selected at random and reviewed. The following was determined: 1) Prevalence of chronic disease in adult women who receive care at HTFM; and 2) The management of obesity at HTFM compared with current evidence-based guidelines. This was followed by a community assessment to determine the resources available for the prevention and treatment of obesity in Ritzville, WA. Results: The prevalence of obesity (36.9%) and chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes type 2, dyslipidemia, and heart disease) in the population studied were found to be significantly higher than both state and national averages. Due to a lack of basic resources, (access to weight loss specialties, exercise facilities, healthy foods, etc.) management of obesity in Ritzville, WA may be challenging. Findings from this study helped to inform resource allocation and identified opportunities to improve the management of obesity based on current practice guidelines. Primary health care may be the only opportunity to promote healthy behaviors and improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Action needs to be taken or the burden of obesity will continue to rise.

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Thulemark, Maria. "Moved by the mountains : migration into tourism dominated rural areas." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-43914.

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Brandão, Tiago André Silva. "Um quotidiano rural no espaço urbano." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12063.

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.
ABSTRACT: It is inherent to the human being the unique and distinct way he interacts with the spaces or with a particular place. This is, by itself, essential for the development of each other. Both share the time. Both age, connected by cause / effect relations where both become - or at least should become- the reflection of each other. Together they tend to mold themselves as consequence of how humans use the space and its spatial response, whether in small public / private spaces or in large urban centers. Recognizing Lisbon as an heterogeneous urban space, consolidated as a whole but fragmented in detail, the present essay aims, at first, to develop a critical and intervening approach to the Rio Seco’s valley, a featureless and fragmented area of Lisbon. Secondary, it focuses on the Casalinho da Ajuda neighborhood case. While attempting to understand its intrinsic relationship between place, the community and its lifestyles, this thesis talks about the crucial influence and important impact that daily life activities should have on the design of new urban public spaces. Finally, the essay intend to praise and question how can architecture, and its physical representation by an architectural object, intervene on the design of new public spaces while shaping them into good transitions and interfaces between the urban and the natural spaces, providing the necessary support and environment for the correct development of certain communities lifestyles, promoting a cohesive way of living and finally, creating the means for a suitable social interaction.

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Culp-Roche, Amanda. "A LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION TO DECREASE RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A RURAL POPULATION." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/45.

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Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at risk for developing life-threatening comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a consequence, T2DM is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life, thus highlighting the importance of prevention of T2DM. Further, the prevalence of T2DM is substantially greater in rural populations compared to urban populations, making rural individuals particularly appropriate targets for T2DM prevention. T2DM is a largely preventable disease that is associated with modifiable risk factors such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. Lifestyle interventions to improve these modifiable risk factors have been used to decrease the risk of developing T2DM. There is little evidence that supports lifestyle interventions as a means to decrease T2DM risk in rural populations with prediabetes, the precursor of T2DM. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether rural-living individuals with prediabetes would improve modifiable risk factors, specifically diet quality by following a lifestyle intervention; thereby, decreasing their risk of developing T2DM. Specific aims for this dissertation were to, 1) examine and synthesize data from dietary interventions used to reduce risk of T2DM in rural populations on order to identify gaps and guide future research, 2) critically evaluate validity and reliability of indices used to determine diet quality in research, and 3) determine the effect of a risk reduction program on improving diet quality and glucose control (as a measure of T2DM risk) in rural adults with prediabetes and CVD risk factors. Specific aim one was achieved by a review and synthesis of literature focused on lifestyle and dietary interventions used in rural populations to decrease the risk of developing T2DM. Common goals in these studies were a decrease in weight, decrease in dietary fat and calories, and an increase in physical activity. Decreased weight and increased physical activity were demonstrated in all eight studies, and a decrease in T2DM incidence was also demonstrated in one of the studies. However, diet quality was not adequately assessed in the majority of the studies. Furthermore, none of the studies were randomized controlled trials and only half used a control group. It was concluded that research using a more robust design is needed to determine the effect of lifestyle changes, specifically diet, on T2DM risk in rural populations. Specific aim two was addressed by a critical analysis of six common indices of dietary quality. Validity and reliability of the Healthy Eating Index, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the DASH diet score, the Diet Quality Index-Revised, the Healthy Diet Indicator, and the Diet Quality Score were examined. Five of the six indices are valid and reliable tools for measure diet quality but all five rely on an extensive food frequency questionnaire that may be burdensome for participants. The Diet Quality Score does not provide adequate evidence to support its use in research. It was concluded that a short, reliable, and validated diet screener may be useful in research. Specific aim three was addressed by a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal, randomized controlled study of rural residents with CVD risk factors and prediabetes. Diet quality, measured by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and glucose control, measured by hemoglobin A1c, were analyzed in a subpopulation of 62 participants with prediabetes. Neither diet quality nor glucose control improved between baseline, four month, and 12 month post intervention. The reliability and validity of the MEDAS in this population is not known and may have been a factor in the lack of intervention effect related to diet quality. Participants were also not informed of their prediabetes status, thus it is not known if this knowledge would have made an impact on the outcomes of the study. In addition, the small sample size limits the statistical power to determine changes between the intervention and control groups. It was concluded that further research is needed to determine if a high quality diet will reduce T2DM risk in this rural population Considering the disproportionate prevalence of T2DM in rural populations compared to their urban counterparts, the results of this dissertation demonstrate a continued need for interventions that decrease modifiable risk factors associated with this disease. Interventions that target obesity, poor diet quality, and sedentary lifestyles in at-risk rural populations that are culturally tailored are needed to decrease risk of developing T2DM and the comorbidities associated with this preventable disease.

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Sekgala, M. D. "The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults : Ellisras longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3143.

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Thesis (M. Sc. (Physiology)) --University of Limpopo, 2019
Introduction: There is an increased trend in the prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents in African countries. There are complications in diagnosing hypertension in children and adolescents due to the variation of blood pressure (BP) values with age, gender and height. The progression of the health transition with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) adds significantly to the disease burden, despite infectious diseases and undernutrition remaining persistent in both low and middle-income countries. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global problem associated with the clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors. South African evidence suggests an upsurge of NCDs amidst the existence of communicable diseases (CDs) such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Moreover, NCDs and CDs in the country are influenced by socio-demographic factors; and thus tend to be more prominent in certain segments of the population. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform blood pressure to height ratio and to determine lifestyle risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome among the Ellisras rural population aged 6-30 years, who are part of the ELS. Methods and materials: The current study is based on secondary data analysis of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS) and was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 included data analysis of all the participants in the ELS. This sample included a total number of 9002 children and adolescents (4678 boys and 4324 girls), aged 6-17 years. Parents or guardians provided written informed consent. Phase 2 consisted of biochemical analysis from a subsample of participants in the ELS. The subsample included 624 participants (306 males and 318 females) aged 18-30 years at the time the study was conducted. All participants underwent a series of anthropometric measurements (waist circumference and height) according to the standard of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The waist circumference (WC) measurements were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm, using a soft measuring tape. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Metabolic syndrome risk factors included total cholesterol (TCHOL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), elevated blood pressure (BP) and high waist circumference (WC). A dietary intake questionnaire was also administered to each participant and self‑administered questionnaire was used to collect data on lifestyle factors, including smoking and alcohol intake. Dietary intake variables used in the linear regression method were log transformed prior to analysis because of their skewed distribution. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the accuracy of BPHR to screen children with prehypertension and hypertension. The optimal systolic BPHR (SBPHR) and diastolic BPHR (DBPHR) cut-off points for hypertension were determined. Sensitivity/specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: The optimal thresholds for defining prehypertension was 0.77 in children aged 6-10 years and 0.73 in adolescents aged between 11 and 17 years for systolic BPHR and 0.55 in children and 0.53 in adolescents for diastolic BPHR, respectively. The corresponding values for hypertension stage 1 were 0.76 and 0.73 for SBPHR and 0.50 and 0.58 for DBPHR, respectively. The BPHR is an accurate tool for screening elevated BP in Ellisras children aged 6-17 years. This can help to prevent the misclassification of children and adolescent hypertension. Furthermore, this tool can be used to screen children before the development of prehypertension and hypertension. Moreover, it can be used to manage hypertension in Ellisras children, ultimately reducing the risks of developing hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Overall, the prevalence of metS was 23.1% (8.6% males and 36.8% females). Females appeared to have higher mean values for WC, FBG, TCHOL and LDL-C than males (82.14, 5.62, 4.62 and 2.97, respectively). The only significant gender difference observed was on WC (p<0.001). Males on the other hand had higher mean values for HDL-C, TG, SBP and DBP than females (1.20, 1.06, 125.91 and 71.44, respectively). The only significant difference observed in this case was on SBP (p<0.001). No significant age group differences were observed in all the metabolic risk factors with the exception of DBP where the older (25-30 years) participants presented with high SBP than the younger age group (18-24 years) (70.96 mmHg vs 68.78 mmHg, p<0.05). While, majority of females had significantly high WC, elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C, and reduced HDL-C; majority of males had elevated BP, SBP and DBP. No significant age and gender differences were observed on dietary intake. However, according to the linear regression analysis, no association between log total energy, log added sugar, log SFA and log MUFA with metabolic risk factors. There was a low and negative significant association between log fibre with SBP and DBP (β:-0.004, p=0.003 and β:-0.004, p=0.046), respectively, crude. After adjusting for the potential confounding factors, log fibre was also associated with FBG (β:-0.028, p=0.046). Log PUFAs was inversely associated with FBG, HDL-C and SBP crude. Log trans fatty acids was inversely associated with WC, HDL-C and SBP crude. Both log PUFAs and log trans fatty acids were not associated with any metabolic risk factors after adjusting for potential cofounding factors. Log protein was inversely associated with SBP both crude and adjusted for potential cofounding factors. On predicting the actual risk using the logistic regression analysis, participants who had high dietary energy intake were significantly less likely to present with larger WC, low HDL-C and high LDL-C (OR: 0.250 95%CI [0.161;0.389], OR: 0.306 95%CI [0.220;0.425] and OR: 0.583 95%CI [0.418;0.812], respectively), but more likely to presents with elevated FBG, high TCHOL, high TG and hypertension (OR: 1.01 95%CI [0.735;1.386], OR: 1.039 95%CI [0.575;1.337], OR: 1.186 95%CI [0.695;2.023], OR: 5.205 95%CI [3.156;8.585], respectively) crude. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking and alcohol status, high energy intake was more likely to increase two times high the large WC and elevated FBG among study participants (OR: 2.766 95%CI [0.863;3.477] and OR: 2.227 95%CI [1.051;3.328], respectively). Furthermore, low dietary fibre intake was nearly four times more likely to increase the low HDL-C, crude (OR: 3.864 95%CI [1.067;13.988]) crude. Those participants who consumed high trans fats were more likely to present with high FBG (OR:1.424 95%CI [0.985;2.060]), but less likely to present with LDL-C (OR: 0.540 95%CI [0.321;0.906]) crude. However, after adding potential cofounding factors, participants with high fatty acid were less likely to present with high FBG (OR: 0.672 95%CI [0.441;1.023]). Conclusions: MetS is prevalent in young adults in Ellisras and is differentiated by age and gender with more females at an increased rate by virtue of their body size status, reduced HDL-C, elevated FBG and high LDL-C and the diet they consume that is in most cases high energy, more carbohydrates, high added sugar and SFA. Therefore, identifying groups that are at an increased risk and those that are in their early stages of MetS will help improve and prevent the increase of the metS in the future. These results have high policy implications. KEY CONCEPTS Metabolic syndrome; risk factors; blood pressure; blood pressure to height ratio; cardiovascular disease; dietary intake; rural South African.

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Henriksson, Tove. "Projekt Provgute : En kvalitativ studie om motivationerna bakom kontraurban migration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276364.

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Urbanization has for a long period of time been the dominant movement of migration in industrialized countries and still is to this day. Because of this many rural areas are faced with depopulation and the closure of local amenities. When a rural school in the northern parts of Swedish Gotland was threatened with closure a project was launched where people could come and try out living at Gotland, as a way to attract people to move to the rural areas of Gotland. This study aims to investigate if such initiatives are a successful way to increase migration to rural areas, by examining the characteristics of the projects participants, what their motives were for moving and staying at Gotland and how they experienced the availability of local amenities. The results show that participants who moved with children had a slight tendency to be higher educated, younger and from bigger cities than those who moved without children. Participants with children tended to move because they wanted a rural, safer and calmer lifestyle for them and their children whereas people without children mainly moved because of job opportunities, mostly in creative professions. The majority of people claimed they stayed because of the kindness and openness of the locals and that they felt at home in Gotland. Most also claimed that having attained the lifestyle change they had been searching for and the proximity to nature were reasons for why they chose to stay. How people experienced the availability of amenities varied greatly amongst the participants and no clear pattern could be seen.

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Bailey, Angela. "Exploring health disparities in rural regions of Virginia: The impact of health literacy and social capital." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78318.

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In the United States, low-income, ethnic/racial minorities and rural populations are at increased risk for poorer health outcomes compared to higher income, non-minorities, and urban populations. Two key determinants that influence rural health disparities are health literacy and social capital. Health literacy can be described as an individual-level factor and defined as, "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions." Social capital is a concept that accounts for the role of collective social functioning and has been defined as, "the features of social structures, such as levels of interpersonal trust and norms of reciprocity and mutual aid" which act as resources for individuals to facilitate collective action." The overarching goal of this research is to explore factors influencing health disparities, including health literacy, social capital in two rural regions of Virginia. The first study is embedded in Talking Health, a larger 2-arm RCT targeting adults in rural Southwest Virginia and examined participants' perceptions of and satisfaction with components of a behavioral intervention designed using health literacy concepts to decrease sugary beverage intake in rural, low-health literacy participants. The second study is also embedded in the Talking Health trial, yet focused on the maintenance of behavior 12-months after the intervention concluded. Guided by RE-AIM, this study examined the reach, effectiveness and implementation of a 12-month randomized extended care intervention aimed at enhancing long-term maintenance of behavior change and study retention when compared to a control condition. The last study is part of a larger telephone surveillance survey conducted in the Dan River Region located in south central Virginia. This study described current levels of social capital in the Dan River Region and examined the influence of social capital on FV consumption, physical activity, sugary beverage intake and BMI on a sample of rural and urban adults.
Ph. D.

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Pina, Ticiana Petean. "Jovens do assentamento Ribeirão Bonito : entre a recusa da profissão de agricultor e a afirmação do modo de vida rural? /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98732.

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Orientador: Antonio Lázaro Sant'Ana
Banca: Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano
Banca: Gilmar Laforga
Resumo: Esta dissertação busca caracterizar os jovens rurais e as suas perspectivas de vida em um assentamento do Pontal do Paranapanema (SP). Trata-se do assentamento Ribeirão Bonito, localizado em Teodoro Sampaio, com mais de dez anos de implantação. Para coletar as informações relevantes para a pesquisa foi elaborado um questionário e aplicado a 30 jovens do Assentamento Ribeirão Bonito. O questionário constou de questões que visavam caracterizar os jovens, a família e o lote, o lazer realizado pelos jovens, a relação com a família, o trabalho e a escola, os planos dos jovens para o futuro e o que pensavam sobre saída dos jovens do meio rural, dentre outras questões. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa permite verificar que os jovens do Assentamento Ribeirão Bonito valorizam a educação e o avanço para maiores níveis de escolaridade é incentivado pelos pais que acreditam que seus filhos teriam uma vida melhor se conseguirem um "diploma". Apesar de declararem ter bom relacionamento familiar, os jovens pesquisados não consideram interessante continuar trabalhando no lote com seus pais. Parte destes jovens pretende buscar no meio urbano uma maior escolaridade e trabalhar em uma profissão não-agrícola; no entanto, a maioria gostaria de conciliar o exercício desta outra profissão (que pode ser uma formação técnica em agropecuária, mas para trabalhar como assalariado fora do lote), com a manutenção da residência no meio rural, junto aos pais, indicando que a forte rejeição do trabalho como agricultor, não ocorre na mesma proporção em relação ao modo de vida rural como um todo, pois acreditam que exercer outra profissão (assalariada e supostamente mais qualificada) seria uma forma de garantir uma melhor renda e condição de vida do que aquela vivenciada na atualidade com seus pais
Abstract: This paper seeks to characterize the rural young and their prospects of living in a settlement of the Pontal of Paranapanema (SP). It is the settlement Ribeirão Bonito, located in Teodoro Sampaio, with over ten years of establishment. To collect pertinent information to the research, a questionnaire was elaborated and administered to 30 young people at the settlement before mentioned. The questionnaire consisted of questions that aimed to characterize the young, the family and the allotment, leisure activities, relationships with family, work and school, future plans, and what they thought about young people leaving the rural areas, among other questions. The results of the research show that young people from settlement Ribeirão Bonito value education and advancement to higher levels of education is motivated by parents who believe their children would have better lives if they get a "diploma". Leisure activities in the settlement showed to be very little, however, for young people, these moments of recreation are more wanted in rural areas than in urban areas. Though they declare that have good family relationships, young people surveyed do not consider interesting to continue working on the allotment with their parents. Part of these young people want to seek a higher education in a urban place and working in nonfarm occupation, however, most young people would like to reconcile the pursuit of another profession (which may be a technical training in agriculture, but to work as an employee outside the allotment), with continued residence in rural areas, close to parents, indicating that the strong rejection of work as a farmer, does not occur in the same proportion in relation to rural lifestyle as a whole, because they believe that exercising another occupation (employed and supposedly more qualified) would be one way to make sure a better income and living conditions than that experienced today with their parents
Mestre

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Davids, Eugene Lee. "A model examining the relationship between parenting styles and decision making styles on healthy lifestyle behaviour of adolescents in the rural Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4893.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The Health Promotion Model provides a theoretical framework exploring the relationships between healthy lifestyle behaviours of individuals. The three behavioral determinants affecting healthy lifestyle behaviours as posited by the model are (i) individual characteristics, (ii) behaviour-specific cognitions and affects, and (iii) behavioural outcomes that promote health. Research indicates that a number of health risk behaviours are established in adolescence and affect health and well-being in later life. In South Africa where young people account for more than 9 million of the population, and with adolescence being a period where the development of health risk behaviours is prevalent, it becomes important to research the associations that aid in healthy lifestyle behaviours of adolescence in this country, particularly in rural communities where research on adolescents remains limited. This study therefore aimed to develop and test a model that examined the effects of the interaction between perceived parenting styles and adolescent decision making styles on healthy lifestyle behaviours of adolescents in the rural Western Cape. The study employed a mixed methodological sequential exploratory design, using (i) systematic reviews and (ii) a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional research design. Systematic reviews established the associations in existing empirical studies that examined the associations of parenting approaches with (a) healthy lifestyle behaviours and (b) decision making styles. Quantitative data was collected using a self-report questionnaire that consisted of four sections, demographical information, Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire among 457 Grade 9 learners in the Overberg Education District in the Western Cape, South Africa. The quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V23 (SPSS) for descriptive and inferential statistics (correlations and multivariate analysis of variance) and the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The systematic reviews suggested that empirical studies have found parenting approaches to be associated with (i) healthy lifestyle behaviours and (ii) decision making styles of children and adolescents in existing literature. The quantitative studies showed that perceived authoritative parenting, vigilant decision making styles, and frequent engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours were the most prevalent among adolescents in the rural Western Cape. No significant main effects were established on the basis of participant gender or family structure. The model developed and tested, guided by the Health Promotion Model, suggests that a significant positive relationship exists between maternal parenting styles and decision making styles of adolescents. In addition, the findings demonstrated that paternal parenting styles positively affect the decision making styles of adolescents as well as their engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours. Overall, the study suggested the important role that parents play in adolescent decision making styles and healthy lifestyle behaviours, and even more the role of paternal parental figures in the development of children and adolescents.

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Silva, Diene Ellen Tavares. "O consumo de alimentos sem agrotóxicos como fator de distinção social: o caso de Viçosa - MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4084.

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This dissertation is on the consumption of foods without pesticides in Viçosa-MG. The consumption can be characterized by complex relationships between the created and recreated needs in the market, through which the changes of products acquire historical meanings socially built, frequently expressing social inequalities manifested in the lifestyle. The main objective of the work was to analyze the consumption of foods without pesticides as a lifestyle marker. The manifestation of the lifestyle happens through the consumption of certain goods, products and services, and also as they are used and socially exhibited. In that sense, the foods are in a privileged position, because they serve to product different meanings and values, that are expressed in the sociocultural dynamic of certain groups, through social relationships established among them. In the sphere of the consumption of foods, those without pesticides, for instance, seem to be linked to certain values as the health. However, this value is not the only one to give sense to this consumption type and, therefore, it doesn't become exhausted per itself. The foods without pesticides are not only nutritious products, but they are products whose meanings can be related to the access type, to the knowledge, the inclusion and exclusion of different social groups, and in the relationships between production and consumption. This distinction element was mapped in the places where different social layers are: the free market and the Mercado Igarapé in the city of Viçosa-MG.
Esta dissertação trata do consumo de alimentos sem agrotóxicos na cidade de Viçosa-MG. O consumo pode ser caracterizado por complexas relações entre as necessidades criadas e recriadas no espaço do mercado, através do qual as trocas de produtos adquirem significados históricos socialmente construídos, expressando, freqüentemente, desigualdades sociais manifestadas no estilo de vida. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi analisar o consumo de alimentos sem agrotóxicos como marcador de estilo de vida. A manifestação do estilo de vida ocorre através do consumo de certos bens, produtos e serviços e, também, na forma como estes são usados e exibidos socialmente. Nesse sentido, os alimentos estão em uma posição privilegiada por servirem para a produção de diferentes significados e valores, que são expressos na dinâmica sócio-cultural de determinados grupos, através de relações sociais estabelecidas entre eles. Na esfera do consumo de alimentos, os sem agrotóxicos, por exemplo, parecem estar vinculados a certos valores como o da saúde. Esse valor, porém, não é o único a dar sentido a este tipo de consumo e, portanto, não se esgota nele. Os alimentos sem agrotóxicos não se constituem apenas em produtos nutritivos, mas em produtos cujos significados podem estar relacionados ao tipo de acesso, ao conhecimento, a inclusão e exclusão de diferentes grupos sociais e nas relações entre produção e consumo. Este elemento de distinção foi mapeado nos lugares onde diferentes camadas sociais se encontram: a Feira Livre e o Mercado Igarapé, na cidade de Viçosa-MG.

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Pina, Ticiana Petean [UNESP]. "Jovens do assentamento Ribeirão Bonito: entre a recusa da profissão de agricultor e a afirmação do modo de vida rural?" Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98732.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Esta dissertação busca caracterizar os jovens rurais e as suas perspectivas de vida em um assentamento do Pontal do Paranapanema (SP). Trata-se do assentamento Ribeirão Bonito, localizado em Teodoro Sampaio, com mais de dez anos de implantação. Para coletar as informações relevantes para a pesquisa foi elaborado um questionário e aplicado a 30 jovens do Assentamento Ribeirão Bonito. O questionário constou de questões que visavam caracterizar os jovens, a família e o lote, o lazer realizado pelos jovens, a relação com a família, o trabalho e a escola, os planos dos jovens para o futuro e o que pensavam sobre saída dos jovens do meio rural, dentre outras questões. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa permite verificar que os jovens do Assentamento Ribeirão Bonito valorizam a educação e o avanço para maiores níveis de escolaridade é incentivado pelos pais que acreditam que seus filhos teriam uma vida melhor se conseguirem um “diploma”. Apesar de declararem ter bom relacionamento familiar, os jovens pesquisados não consideram interessante continuar trabalhando no lote com seus pais. Parte destes jovens pretende buscar no meio urbano uma maior escolaridade e trabalhar em uma profissão não-agrícola; no entanto, a maioria gostaria de conciliar o exercício desta outra profissão (que pode ser uma formação técnica em agropecuária, mas para trabalhar como assalariado fora do lote), com a manutenção da residência no meio rural, junto aos pais, indicando que a forte rejeição do trabalho como agricultor, não ocorre na mesma proporção em relação ao modo de vida rural como um todo, pois acreditam que exercer outra profissão (assalariada e supostamente mais qualificada) seria uma forma de garantir uma melhor renda e condição de vida do que aquela vivenciada na atualidade com seus pais
This paper seeks to characterize the rural young and their prospects of living in a settlement of the Pontal of Paranapanema (SP). It is the settlement Ribeirão Bonito, located in Teodoro Sampaio, with over ten years of establishment. To collect pertinent information to the research, a questionnaire was elaborated and administered to 30 young people at the settlement before mentioned. The questionnaire consisted of questions that aimed to characterize the young, the family and the allotment, leisure activities, relationships with family, work and school, future plans, and what they thought about young people leaving the rural areas, among other questions. The results of the research show that young people from settlement Ribeirão Bonito value education and advancement to higher levels of education is motivated by parents who believe their children would have better lives if they get a diploma. Leisure activities in the settlement showed to be very little, however, for young people, these moments of recreation are more wanted in rural areas than in urban areas. Though they declare that have good family relationships, young people surveyed do not consider interesting to continue working on the allotment with their parents. Part of these young people want to seek a higher education in a urban place and working in nonfarm occupation, however, most young people would like to reconcile the pursuit of another profession (which may be a technical training in agriculture, but to work as an employee outside the allotment), with continued residence in rural areas, close to parents, indicating that the strong rejection of work as a farmer, does not occur in the same proportion in relation to rural lifestyle as a whole, because they believe that exercising another occupation (employed and supposedly more qualified) would be one way to make sure a better income and living conditions than that experienced today with their parents

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Kahraman, Zerrin Ezgi. "The Relationship Between Squatter Housing Transformation And Social Integration Of Rural Migrants Into Urban Life: A Case Study In Dikmen." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609541/index.pdf.

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Rural migration process resulted in both spatial and social problems in large Turkish cities. Squatter housing transformation constitutes the spatial dimension of the problem. On the other hand, rural migration has led to social problems such as non-integration, social exclusion and urban poverty of the migrant groups. This dissertation which believes the necessity of searching rural migration as a socio-spatial process attempts to explore the relationship between squatter housing transformation and social integration of rural migrants into the urban life. Within this framework, this study attempts to answer three major research questions: (1) What are the rural migrants&
#8217
perceived attributes of urban integration? (2) Which attributes significantly explain urban integration of rural migrants? (3) Does the urban integration of rural migrants differentiate according to where they live &
#8211
squatter housing neighborhoods, transformed squatter housing neighborhoods via improvement plans, and transformed squatter housing neighborhoods via urban transformation project model&
#8211
? I design this exploratory study as a case study since a case study method is an appropriate methodology for holistic and in-depth investigations. I conduct the case study of this thesis in Dikmen that includes different rural migrant settlements. I conduct in-depth interviews with rural migrants to collect the data, and apply multivariate analysis techniques to answer the research questions of this study. Thesis findings provide that urban integration is a multi-dimensional phenomenon
and multiple relationships exist between dimensions of urban integration, between dimensions and evaluations of urban integration, and urban integration and squatter housing transformation.

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Cunha, Conceição Maria Oliveira da. "Empreendedorismo "estilo de vida": o caso dos pequenos negócios TER." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17246.

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Doutoramento em Turismo
Elevadas expectativas têm vindo a ser colocadas no empreendedorismo e na criação de pequenas empresas como meio para a regeneração das economias de muitas zonas rurais. O turismo é um dos setores que pode contribuir, bem como beneficiar da dinâmica empreendedora que se conseguir criar nestes territórios. Ainda que os contributos económicos e sociais dos pequenos negócios de turismo em espaço rural sejam crescentemente estudados e reconhecidos, a atuação dos proprietários e gestores não está clara, em particular no que se refere ao fenómeno do empreendedorismo “estilo de vida”. O objetivo desta investigação é contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos empreendedores “estilo de vida”, do seu perfil, das suas motivações e, particularmente, da forma como atuam na gestão dos seus pequenos negócios, visando igualmente uma compreensão das consequências do seu modo de gestão ao nível do sucesso empresarial. Para a concretização deste objetivo optou-se por realizar um estudo qualitativo, de profundidade, com recurso ao estudo de caso suportado por uma revisão prévia da literatura. Este estudo foi aplicado no Alto Alentejo, região rural do interior sul de Portugal, a qual, embora apresentando algumas características de ruralidade remota, possui um potencial turístico relevante. Foram entrevistados oito empreendedores, proprietários e gestores de pequenos negócios de alojamento localizados em áreas rurais. As entrevistas foram complementadas com dados obtidos em outras fontes, nomeadamente, entrevistas a turistas hospedados nos empreendimentos, observação direta e documentação variada. Recorreu-se a uma análise de conteúdo para o tratamento da informação recolhida, adotando-se uma abordagem categorial na sistematização dos dados, tendo por base os referenciais teóricos mais relevantes. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar padrões que indiciam comportamentos diferenciados nas práticas de gestão por parte de um grupo de empreendedores claramente conotados com características “estilo de vida”. Estes empreendedores apresentam, também, níveis superiores de satisfação com o negócio e com a opção de vida que tomaram, o que, aparentemente, contribui para o sucesso dos seus empreendimentos.
High expectations have been placed on entrepreneurship and on small businesses as a means of regeneration of many rural economies. Tourism is one of the sectors that can contribute to, and benefit from, the entrepreneurial dynamics created in these territories. Although the economic and social contributions of small rural tourism businesses are increasingly studied and recognized, the role of the owners / managers is not clear, particularly regarding “lifestyle” entrepreneurship. The aim of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of “lifestyle” entrepreneurs, their profile, their motivations and, mainly, their business management practices, also including an understanding of the consequences of the way of management on business success. To accomplish this objective, the decision was to undertake a qualitative in-depth research, using the case study which was supported by a previous literature review. This study was conducted in the Alto Alentejo region, a rural region in the southern inner part of Portugal which, regardless of some characteristics of remote rurality, has significant tourism potential. Eight entrepreneurs, owners and managers of small tourism accommodation units in rural areas, were interviewed. The interviews were complemented with data from other sources, namely interviews with guests, direct observation and diverse documentation. The collected data was processed adopting a categorical approach. A content analysis was performed, taking into account the most relevant theoretical frameworks previously reviewed. The results obtained allowed to identity patterns, which indicate different behaviors in management practices within a group of entrepreneurs clearly associated to “lifestyle” characteristics. These entrepreneurs also demonstrated higher levels of satisfaction with their business and life choices, which apparently contributes to the success of their endeavors.

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Andrade, Neto Flávio. "Comportamentos ativo e sedentário de crianças de 7 a 10 anos: contextos urbano e rural do Espírito Santo-Brasil." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6103.

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Currently there is the recognition that social influences on health operate under various processes and one of them may be the context in which the person lives. The increase in health promotion policies generates interest in implementing interventions at the individual and collective, but before that, it becomes necessary to understand the issues that affect behaviors related to sedentary lifestyle and level of physical activity in different populations. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze active and sedentary behaviors of schoolchildren of urban and rural regions of the Espírito Santo from two databases from the project "SAÚDES Santa Maria de Jetibá" and "SAÚDES Vitória", both aimed at the aspects of research related to nutrition and health of schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years. The sample consisted of 1242 children from Vitória and 528 from Santa Maria de Jetibá, totaling 1770 students of both sexes. Information on physical activity and sedentary behaviors were obtained from validated questionnaire. Statistical tests were made using SPSS software version 17.0. Most of the children were female (55.1%), normal weight (79%), nonwhite (52%), socioeconomic class C (41%). There were significant differences in time spent on physical and sedentary activities among groups. Urban school meet less the limits of 2 and 4 hours of daily screen. Urban children, mostly, were also considered "not active enough" and have shorter average daily of physical activities. Was concluded that rural schoolchildren are more active and spend less time on screen devices. These findings can support the design of different strategies for achieving the goals of stimulus programs to physical activity and reducing sedentary time in urban and rural contexts
Atualmente há o reconhecimento de que as influências sociais sobre a saúde operam sob diversos processos e que um deles pode ser o contexto em que a pessoa vive. O aumento das políticas de promoção de saúde gera o interesse em implementar intervenções nos níveis individual e coletivo, mas antes disso, torna-se necessário compreender os aspectos que afetam comportamentos relacionados ao sedentarismo e ao nível de atividades físicas em populações distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar os comportamentos ativo e sedentário de escolares de regiões urbana e rural do Espírito Santo a partir de duas bases de dados provenientes dos projetos SAÚDES Santa Maria de Jetibá e SAÚDES Vitória , ambas voltadas para a investigação de aspectos relacionados à nutrição e saúde de escolares de 7 a 10 anos. A amostra foi constituída por 1.242 crianças de Vitória e 528 de Santa Maria de Jetibá, perfazendo 1.770 escolares de ambos os sexos. As informações sobre atividade física e comportamentos sedentários foram obtidas a partir de questionário validado. O plano analítico utilizou-se de testes estatísticos, por meio do software SPSS versão 17.0. A maioria das crianças era do sexo feminino (55,1%), eutróficas (79%), não brancas (52%), de classe socioeconômica C (41%). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas do tempo gasto com atividades físicas e sedentárias entre os grupos estudados. Escolares urbanos atendem menos aos limites de 2 horas e 4 horas de tempo de tela diariamente. Crianças urbanas, em sua maioria, também foram consideradas Ativo Insuficiente e têm menor tempo médio diário de atividades físicas. Conclui-se que escolares rurais são mais ativos e gastam menos tempo com dispositivos de tela. Tais achados podem subsidiar o delineamento de diferentes estratégias para o alcance dos objetivos de programas de estímulos às atividades físicas e redução de tempo sedentário nos contextos urbano e rural

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Peker, Gurbet. "Landsbygd i nöd och lust : En etnologisk studie av livsstilsmigration till Gotland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385065.

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The purpose of this study is to examine lifestyle migration as a cultural and everyday practice, with the emphasis being on observing how lifestyle changes from urban to rural are described, practiced and made meaningful by people who have left major Swedish cities behind, in favour of a life on the Gotlandic countryside. The empirical material has been collected through ethnographical methods and is based on observations and qualitative interviews with 13 individuals who all reside on farms and practice animal husbandry. Focus has been placed on the practices, conceptions and other expressions which are related to the informants’ animals and their keeping. The theoretical starting point of this study is phenomenological, where anthropologist Tim Ingold’s ideas of what it means to dwell are central. Also, the term authenticity and the concept of lifestyle migration are important tools to examine the collected material. The result of the study demonstrates that the idea of the rural idyll, in other words, the preconception of the countryside as a calm and harmonious refuge far removed from the stressful life of major cities, plays a large part in the in-migrants lifestyle migration. The informants’ decisions to move to the countryside, as well as their everyday practices once settled in, are characterised by these romanticised notions. The study also shows that the informants’ lives, with animals and their keeping, presents a series of unexpected challenges and difficulties that are not present in the preconception of the rural idyll. In reality, the informants experience more stress and even higher workloads in their rural everyday, than they were exposed to living their previous urban lifestyle. The animals and their care, however, provide a series of positive experiences and the interactions with the animals are seen as authentic and meaningful. The everyday interchanges with the animals become an important part of the informants’ being and wellbeing on the countryside. They are therefore crucial to their lifestyle migration.

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Barros, Vanessa Aparecida Moreira de. "A aposentadoria rural e as mudanças nos modos de vida dos idosos que vivem no campo: em análise os municípios de Piranga e São Miguel do Anta, Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4209.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This thesis aimed to investigate the effects of rural retirement in the way of life of families with retirees. We sought to analyze the changes in lifestyles of families with elderly from the institutionalization of "pension habitus" in their life. Although the research has not treated the rural retirement as a causal variable in relation to changes in way of life of families with retirees, it sought concerned the lives of these families. For classification purposes and considering the purpose of this research, you can frame it as a descriptive-explanatory. In methodological terms it was used procedures for collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, with the application of a survey with open and closed questions. For the study was chosen municipalities of São Miguel do Anta and Piranga, both belonging to the microregion of Viçosa. The choice was due to the fact both have different connotations of rurality. The survey sample was representative of the population, consisting by 117 rural elderly: Piranga 64 in and 53 in São Miguel do Anta. The data were categorized, analyzed and tested through Statistical Package software for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The research results revealed that there was the institutionalization of what might be described as a "pension habitus" in the lives of rural retirees, according to the same have incorporated a new way of perceiving time and get organized before him. The horizon of the future entered the lives of families with retirees, who through security money received, each month, developed habits and practices of medium and long term. A hybridized way of life with elements of urban life start to combine with traditional customs and traditional practices. The Families with rural retirees kept alive elements of rural culture. Thus, their ways of life proved hybrids showing a synthesis between the influence of urban culture and rural heritage. This fact could be verified through changes in the structure of the house, the purchase of utensils and appliances, in the technological investments, in property and even the consumption of food and clothing. The credit and investment in goods paid in installments, as well as investment in studies of children and grandchildren, were some of the practices that pointed to the changes that were giving us their ways of life, which approached the patterns of urban life. The data showed that such transformations were institutionalized in their lives with the monthly income from retirement, which materialized a 'pension habitus ", marked by the horizon of the future planned. The fear of hunger and the uncertainty about tomorrow left behind. The safety of receipt of social security benefits, month after month, introduced the "future" in their lives. A time to come, through which pass to make in home improvement projects, procurement of goods and aid to projects of close relatives, as they could save part of what they received to invest. The security of receiving the money showed up as a factor of removal of fear of spending with some investment in the property, as henceforth not need to risk buying agricultural implements and technologies into debt in the bank. The receipt of rural retirement, thus created a predisposition to plan for tomorrow. Finally, It has been found, that the welfare income had a differential impact on the lives of men and women: the women who were used to working, but not getting the work they did, with the rural pension went from "dependent" to "autonomous ", deciding on how to use the money they received.
A presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da aposentadoria rural no modo de vida das famílias com aposentados. Buscou-se analisar as mudanças nos modos de vida das famílias com idosos a partir da institucionalização do habitus previdenciário em sua vida. Embora a pesquisa não tenha tratado a aposentadoria rural como uma variável causal em relação às mudanças dos modos de vida das famílias com aposentados, ela procurou incidir sobre a vida destas famílias. Para efeitos de classificação e considerando-se o objetivo desta pesquisa, pode-se enquadrá-la como descritiva-explicativa. Em termos metodológicos utilizou-se procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, com a aplicação de um survey com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Para a realização do estudo escolheu-se os municípios de Piranga e São Miguel do Anta, ambos pertencentes à Microrregião de Viçosa. A escolha se deveu ao fato de ambos apresentarem diferentes conotações da ruralidade. A amostra da pesquisa foi representativa da população, tendo sido constituída por 117 idosos rurais: 64 em Piranga e 53 em São Miguel do Anta. Os dados foram categorizados, analisados e testados por meio do software StatisticalPackage for Social Science (SPSS) versão 20.0. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que houve a institucionalização do que se poderia definir como um habitus previdenciário na vida dos aposentados rurais, em função dos mesmos terem incorporado uma nova forma de perceber o tempo e se organizar perante ele. O horizonte do futuro adentrou a vida das famílias com aposentados, que mediante a segurança do dinheiro recebido, mensalmente, desenvolveram hábitos e práticas de médio e longo prazo. Um modo de vida hibridizado com elementos da vida urbana passaram a se combinar com costumes e práticas tradicionais. As famílias com aposentados rurais mantinham vivos elementos da cultura rural. Assim, os seus modos de vida se mostraram híbridos, apresentando uma síntese entre a influência da cultura urbana e a herança rural. Tal fato pôde ser constatado através das mudanças na estrutura da casa, na aquisição de utensílios e eletrodomésticos, nos investimentos tecnológicos na propriedade e, até mesmo no consumo de alimentos e roupas. O crediário e o investimento em bens parcelados, assim como o investimento nos estudos dos netos e filhos, foram algumas das práticas que apontaram para as alterações que se estavam dando nos seus modos de vida, os quais se aproximaram dos padrões de vida urbanos. Os dados mostraram que tais transformações se institucionalizaram em suas vidas com o recebimento mensal da aposentadoria, a qual materializou um habitus previdenciário , marcado pelo horizonte do futuro planejado. O medo da fome e a incerteza em relação ao amanhã ficaram para trás. A segurança do recebimento do benefício previdenciário, mês após mês, introduziu o futuro em suas vidas. Um tempo vindouro, através do qual passam a fazer projetos de melhoramento na casa, de aquisição de bens e de auxílio aos projetos dos parentes próximos, à medida que conseguiam poupar parte do que recebiam para investir. O dinheiro certo mostrou-se como um fator de afastamento do medo de gastar com algum investimento na propriedade, pois, doravante, não precisavam se arriscar a comprar implementos e tecnologias agrícolas, se endividando no banco. O recebimento da aposentadoria rural criou, assim, uma predisposição para planejar o amanhã. Verificou-se, por fim, que a renda previdenciária teve um impacto diferenciado na vida de homens e mulheres: estas, que eram acostumadas a trabalhar, mas não a receber pelo trabalho que realizavam, com a aposentadoria rural passaram de dependente a autônomas , decidindo sobre a forma de usar o dinheiro que recebiam.

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Salehi, Marzieh, and Elinor Palm. "Downshifting och livsstilsmigration till landsbygden : En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors flyttmotiv till den svenska landsbygden." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74581.

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Denna uppsats har syftat till att undersöka downshifting som en livsstilsmigration till landsbygden samt belysa downshiftares flyttmotiv till landsbygden i förhållande till deras valda livsstil. Frågeställningar som uppsatsen har utgått ifrån är: vilka motiv påverkar downshiftare att flytta till landsbygden? samt hur upplever downshiftarna landsbygden som plats och hur möjliggör landsbygden deras livsstil? Forskningen beskriver downshiftning som en motrörelse till ett högt livstempo där det förespråkas att “växla ner”. Vi har uppmärksammat en trend där människor som downshiftar ofta flyttar till landsbygden som följd av sin livsstil och vi ville därför fördjupa oss i ämnet utifrån ett kulturgeografiskt perspektiv då detta inte undersökts tidigare. Vi har även uppmärksammat att det finns mindre forskning som rör intern livsstilsmigration inom Sverige och specifikt om livsstilsmigration till landsbygden. En stor del av forskningen kring livsstilsmigration har hittills behandlat internationell migration. I förhållande till de nämnda observationerna syftar därför studien till att undersöka downshifting som en livsstilsmigration. Tidigare forskning kring downshifting, livsstilsmigration och plats utgör den teoretiska referensramen. Uppsatsen har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ undersökning med semistrukturerade intervjuer med downshiftare som flyttat från en större stad till landsbygden. Sammanfattningsvis genomfördes åtta intervjuer med endast kvinnliga respondenter, detta eftersom vi använde oss av snöbollsurvalet som uteslutande länkade till kvinnliga nätverk. Resultaten visar bland annat att de flesta flyttar till landsbygden för att kunna växla ner och hoppa av “ekorrhjulet” som de upplever är påtagligt i storstaden. I studiens slutsats har vi kommit fram till att flyttmotiv till landsbygden bygger på flera olika motiv som inte skiljer sig nämnvärt från de motiv som framkommit i tidigare forskning. Att flytta till landsbygden har fungerat som strategi för att kunna styra över sin egen tid eftersom de låga boendekostnaderna möjliggör för downshiftaren att kunna gå ner i arbetstid.

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Tsolekile, Lungiswa. "Urbanization and lifestyle changes related to non-communicable diseases: An exploration of experiences of urban residents who have relocated from the rural areas to Khayelitsha, an urban township in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2073.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes including obesity has increased among the black population over the past few years. The increase in these diseases has been associated with increased urbanization and lifestyle changes. No studies have documented the experiences of people who have migrated to urban areas. Aim: To describe the type of lifestyle changes, reasons for the lifestyle changes and the barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle among people who have migrated from rural areas to urban areas in the past 5 years and reside in Khayelitsha. Objectives: (1) To identify people who have moved from rural to urban areas in the past 2-5 years; (2) To explore reasons for moving to the city; (3) To explore experiences of respondents on moving to the city; (4) To identify the types of lifestyle changes related to chronic diseases among respondents on arrival to the city; (5) To identify reasons for the lifestyle changes among respondents; (6) To identify coping strategies that have been adopted by respondents; (7) To identify barriers to healthy lifestyle among respondents; (8) To make recommendations for development of appropriate interventions that will enable migrating populations to adjust better to city life. Rural-urban migration (urbanization) was associated with factors such as seeking employment, better life and working opportunities. On arrival in the city migrants face a number of challenges such as inability to secure employment and accommodation. Faced with these challenges, migrants change their lifestyle including buying fatty foods, increasing frequency in food consumption and decreasing in physical activity. In the city factors such as poverty, environment including lack of infrastructure, and lack of knowledge about nutrition, social pressures and family preferences were identified as hindrances to a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: This study identified various factors that influence the decision to migrate from rural areas. Lifestyle changes in an urban setting are due to socio-economic, environmental and individual factors. Perceived benefits of moving to urban areas can pose challenges to health and this may have negative health-outcomes.
South Africa

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Silva, Gilmar Elias Rodrigues da. "Migrações, negociações espaciais e a dinâmica demográfica de Valparaíso de Goiás GO: rupturas e continuidades." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8233.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The political and socioeconomic transformations in Brazil and the state of Goiás in the last decades are witnesses and justify the regional dynamics and as mobilities. In this sense, it is ensured that there are attractive spaces for the migrants, while others can not be used. The conformation of Valparaiso de Goiás is due to the phenomenon. This place in the municipality in the contiguous with the Distrito Federal and characterizes it as attractive for the dwelling. In this overlay, spaces such as space, time and migration emerge as input. These are a possibility of understanding the process of contemporary urbanization in the state of Goiás and in the Metropolitan Area of Brasília-AMB. The impulses for the metropolization of the area of communication concentrate on the spatiality of capital. This migration and impact on the subjects in agreement agency. That is, to the extent that capital and, along with it, the jobs migrate, the subject is urged to migrate. The materialization of existence in the space of disputes requires a strategy elaboration that enables the nascent way of life. Like the definition of "space negotiations". In the warp you see negotiations, the subject engages the knowledge acquired in his past experience. These can be associated, directly or through archetypes, to a rural existence. Asymmetric, post-actualized in the present life, it is not a city space to cultivate factors of persistence and/or permanence of the rural life in the context of Brazilian and Goian urbanization. These elements result in difficulties for an appropriation of the urban space and for a materialization of life. Thus, it becomes relevant to know the conflicts of the apparent "slow life" left in the act of migrating in search of the possibility of a better life in the city, a nervous life. This confrontation highlights an invention of the inhabitants of Valparaiso de Goiás for a spatial negotiation interconnected by experiences of previous reminiscences as a strategy to live together in the city in contemporary times. In these conditions of coexistence, rural and urban ways of life are amalgamated in the fabric of metropolitan life. It is concluded that, due to the fact that a modern life experience has been extended in rural areas - the advent of urbanization in Brazil is recent - by the effective migration dynamics in national, regional and local territory, by the condition of birth From the city; The subjects that live there are not functional or mature to manage life in this urban space.
As transformações políticas e socioeconômicas no Brasil e no estado de Goiás nas últimas décadas são testemunhas e justificam as dinâmicas regionais e as mobilidades. Nesse sentido, assegura-se que há aí espaços atrativos para os migrantes, enquanto outros não possuem tal capacidade. A conformação de Valparaíso de Goiás é decorrente do fenômeno posto. Este coloca o município na contiguidade com o Distrito Federal e o caracteriza como atrativo para a moradia. Neste imbricamento, emergem como aporte as categorias espaço, tempo e migração. Estas nos possibilitam a compreensão do processo de urbanização contemporânea no estado de Goiás e na Área Metropolitana de Brasília-AMB. Os impulsos para a metropolização da referida área concentram-se na espacialidade do capital. Este migra e impulsiona os sujeitos a agirem em acordo. Ou seja, na medida em que o capital e, juntamente com ele, os postos de trabalho migram, o sujeito é instado a migrar. A materialização da existência neste espaço de disputas requer a elaboração de estratégias que viabilizem o modo de vida nascente. As referidas estratégias resultam “negociações espaciais”. Na urdidura destas negociações, o sujeito empenha os conhecimentos adquiridos em sua vivência pretérita. Estes podem associar-se, diretamente ou por meio de arquétipos, a uma existência no meio rural. Por assim ser, postulamos na presente tese que os sujeitos residentes no espaço citadino cultivam fatores de persistência e/ou permanência do modo de vida rural no contexto da urbanização brasileira e goiana. Tais elementos redundam nas dificuldades para a apropriação do espaço urbano e para a materialização da vida. Assim, torna-se relevante conhecer os conflitos da aparente “vida lenta” deixada no ato de migrar em busca da possibilidade por uma vida melhor na cidade, uma vida nervosa. Essa confrontação põe em relevo a invenção dos habitantes de Valparaíso de Goiás para a negociação espacial interconectada por experiências das reminiscências pretéritas como estratégias para viver juntos na cidade na contemporaneidade. Nessas condições de coexistência, amalgamam-se os modos de vida rural e urbano na tessitura da vida metropolitana. Donde se conclui que, pelo fato de a experiência de vida dos sujeitos modernos ter se passado em sua maior extensão no meio rural – o advento da urbanização no Brasil é recente – pela dinâmica migratória efetivada em território nacional, regional e local, pela condição nascitura da cidade; os sujeitos que aí habitam não acumularam experiências ou maturidade para gerir a vida neste espaço urbano.

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Silva, Isabel Cristina Oliveira da. "Juventudes e expressividades musicais no espaço escolar do Alto Sertão de Alagoas." Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/9205.

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This dissertation is the result of a quantitative-qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, which aims to understand how the relation youth, school and music works in Delmiro Gouveia, a city at the backwoods of Alagoas. We took as sample 116 young enrolled in the 3rd year of high school of Public School Luiz Augusto Azevedo de Menezes, who were interviewed through questionnaires, semi-structured interview and free observation of school routine. It was noted that these young build their identities through deconstruction of classic theory about the rural, denoting representations and lifestyle of their musical tastes, enlarged by virtual and concrete interactions. We found a diverse youth profile, with minimal age/series mismatch. The students are residents of village, district and local seat with their parents or relatives, and some are workers. It is a youth of very eclectic musical taste and some take part in musical performances in a most vehemently way with participation in religious choir and city orchestra. During the research, it was verified a school-youth-music relation, surrounded by tension and rules. At the same time it was noticed a somewhat sensitive look of the teachers and school management to the juvenile expressiveness. The reflections were guided by comprehensive incursions of Sociology and Education, with a humane and conscientious analysis of the data, and an understanding that the same research problem may present diverse interpretations depending on theoretical and methodological field. We conclude that this work contributes to the expansion of context and themes of research related to rural youth, and, also, to repeal pragmatic conceptions which states that school trajectories, cultural expressiveness, and life projects of rural youth are defined by destiny of class or local origins.
Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, de tipo exploratório e descritivo que teve o objetivo de compreender como acontece a relação entre juventude, escola e música no município de Delmiro Gouveia, alto sertão de Alagoas, tendo como amostra 116 jovens matriculados no 3° ano do Ensino Médio, na Escola Estadual Luiz Augusto Azevedo de Menezes, que, por sua vez, foram pesquisados por meio de questionário estruturado, entrevista semiestruturada e observações livres na rotina escolar. Observou-se que os jovens constroem suas identidades desconstruindo a teoria clássica sobre o rural, denotando, assim, as suas representações e estilos de vida características de seus gostos musicais, ampliados pelas interações virtuais e presenciais a que estão expostos. Constatou-se um perfil juvenil diversificado, com mínima defasem idade/série, alguns trabalhadores, residentes em povoados, distritos e na sede local do município supramencionado com pais ou parentes, jovens de gosto musical bastante eclético e alguns com atuações musicais de modo mais veemente com participação em coro religioso e na orquestra da cidade. Averiguou-se no processo a relação entre escola, juventude e música circunscrita por tensões e regras. Ao mesmo tempo, percebeu-se um entendimento sensível dos professores e direção escolar para com as expressividades juvenis, mas que merece ser aprimorado. Pode-se afirmar que as reflexões apontadas estiveram norteadas por incursões compreensivas da Sociologia e Educação, vigorando uma análise humanizada e consciente sobre os dados, entendendo que uma problemática de pesquisa pode apresentar diferentes interpretações, a partir do campo teórico e metodológico adotado. Considera-se que este trabalho colabora na ampliação dos contextos e temáticas de pesquisas referentes à juventude rural, bem como para repelir as pragmáticas concepções de que as trajetórias escolares, expressividades culturais e projetos de vida dos jovens rurais sertanejos estão definidos pelo destino de classe ou por suas origens locais.
São Cristóvão, SE

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Willmann, Claire. "Diagnostiquer un état de santé bucco-dentaire par une double approche macroscopique et métagénomique : application à une population rurale française du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30001.

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Le récent développement des technologies de séquençage de l'ADN ancien (ADNa) à haut débit (High-Throughput DNA sequencing : HTS) a permis l'accès et la caractérisation des communautés microbiennes dans les populations du passé. La plupart des analyses se sont appuyées sur l'étude du tartre dentaire, car il permet la préservation de biofilms microbiens anciens. L'analyse de la dent entière pour la caractérisation des microbiomes commensaux et pathogènes chez les sujets archéologiques, demeure quant à elle négligée. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé le séquençage shotgun pour caractériser le microbiome bactérien de sujets anciens présentant des signes macroscopiques et radiologiques de pathologies bucco-dentaires. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient 1) d'identifier, dans une population du XVIIIe siècle de l'Ouest de la France, les sujets présentant des pathologies bucco-dentaires spécifiques : caries dentaires ; parodontopathie et Lésions Inflammatoires Péri-radiculaires d'Origine Endodontique (LIPOE); 2) de caractériser la flore orale de ces sujets au niveau de sa composition taxonomique et 3) de déterminer s'il était possible, à partir d'une dent saine, de mettre en évidence la présence de bactéries pathogènes orales impliquées dans les LIPOE, les caries et les parodontopathies. La présence de Streptococcus mutans ainsi que de Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli et Parvimonas micra a été confirmée avec une profondeur moyenne comprise entre 0.5 à 7X, et un minimum de 35% (de 35 à 93%) du génome couvert au moins une fois. Chaque dent échantillonnée présentait une signature bactérienne spécifique associée à des pathologies carieuses ou parodontales. Ce travail démontre qu'à partir d'une dent saine et isolée, nous pouvons identifier des agents pathogènes spécifiques et en déduire l'état de santé buccodentaire d'un individu
Recent developments in High-Throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technologies and ancient DNA (aDNA) research have opened access to the characterization of the microbial communities within past populations. Most studies have, however, relied on the analysis of dental calculus as one particular material type particularly prone to the molecular preservation of ancient microbial biofilms and potential of entire teeth for microbial characterization, both of healthy communities and pathogens in ancient individuals, remains overlooked. In this study, we used shotgun sequencing to characterize the bacterial composition from historical subjects showing macroscopic evidence of oral pathologies. The objectives of this work were 1) to identify, in an 18th century population of western France, subjects with specific oral pathologies: dental caries; periodontal diseases and periapical inflammatory lesions; 2) to characterize the oral flora of these subjects in terms of its taxonomic composition; and 3) to determine whether it was possible to detect the presence of oral pathogenic bacteria involved in periapical inflammatory lesions, caries and parodontopathies, from a healthy tooth,. The presence of Streptococcus mutans and also Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli and Parvimonas micra was confirmed through the presence of typical signatures of post-mortem DNA damage at an average depth-of-coverage ranging from 0.5 to 7X, with a minimum of 35% (from 35 to 93%) of the positions in the genome covered at least once. Each sampled tooth showed a specific bacterial signature associated with carious or periodontal pathologies. This work demonstrates that from a healthy independent tooth, without visible macroscopic pathology, we can identify a signature of specific pathogens and deduce the oral health status of an individual

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Holmberg, Sara. "Musculoskeletal Disorders among Farmers and Referents, with Special Reference to Occurence, Health Care Utilization and Etiological Factors : A Population-based Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4626.

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Objectives. To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among farmers as compared to rural referents and to evaluate the effects of physical work exposures, psychosocial factors, lifestyle and comorbidity.

Material and methods. A cross-sectional population-based survey of 1013 farmers and 769 matched referents was performed. Data on various symptoms, consultations and sick leave and information on primary health care and hospital admissions were obtained along with information on physical workload, psychosocial factors and lifestyle.

Results. The farmers reported higher lifetime prevalence of symptoms from hands and forearms, low back and hips as compared to the referents. However, the farmers did not seek medical advice more often than the referents, and they reported significantly fewer sick leaves. After adjustment for the influence of physical work exposure, farmers still had a excess rate of low back pain (LBP) and hip symptoms as compared with the referents, while a lower rate of neck-shoulder symptoms was revealed. Several of the psychosocial variables were associated with LBP but the difference in LBP prevalence between farmers and referents could only be explained to some extent. LBP was associated with musculoskeletal symptoms other than LBP and with chest discomfort, dyspepsia, symptoms from mucous membranes, skin problems, work-related fever attacks, and primary care for digestive disorders. Presence of both respiratory and digestive disorders doubled the LBP prevalence.

Conclusions. Symptoms from hips and low back were more frequent among farmers than among referents, but farmers did not seek more health care and reported fewer sick leaves than referents. Physical work exposure and psychosocial factors did not explain the differences in low back and hip symptoms between the two groups. Significant associations between LBP and digestive and respiratory disorders might indicate that these disorders may have etiological factors in common.

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Chen, Wan-Ling, and 陳婉玲. "To Explore the Health Promotion’s Lifestyles and Related Factors in the Rural Community Elderly." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s6dx6p.

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碩士
長庚科技大學
高齡暨健康照護管理系(所)
107
Purpose: In 2018, the elderly population of those aged 65 years old and above reached 14.05% of the total population in Taiwan, achieving an aged society. With age elongation, improving the health status of the elderly becomes a relative challenge. Those with high participation in society have better physical and mental health. Elders who live in rural area have lower participation in society, so the purpose of this study is to understand the health promotion lifestyles and related influencing factors of elders who live in rural area. It is hoped that the study results can be used as a reference in promoting health promotion lifestyle programs for elders living in rural communities. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional study research. Convenient sampling was used to conduct a structured questionnaire investigation on elders 65 years old and above from Zhuolan Township of Miaoli County. Subject sampling was collected between the period of January 2019 to March 2019, and 270 subjects were included. Questionnaire content included “demographic data”, “Self-Rated Health Status Scale”, “Healthy Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale”, and “Health Promotion Scale for Elders”. The SPSS 18.0 software was used to conduct data analysis, and descriptive statistics was used to present case characteristics. Independent-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to conduct descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: The study collected 270 questionnaires, with 100% questionnaire response rate. The results showed that: (1) The mean age for the subjects were 73.93 years old. (2)In terms of self-rated health status, most subjects considered their health status to be adequate, and factors that affected self-rated health status included age, education level, marriage status, and number of physician-confirmed chronic disease diagnosis. (3) In terms of healthy behavior self-efficacy, the subjects scored the highest for health-responsibility, and lowest for nutrition. Factors for healthy behavior self-efficacy included age, education level, marriage status, and living condition. (4) For health promotion lifestyles, the subjects scored the highest for health habits, and lowest for community participation. Factors which affected health promotion lifestyles included education level and marriage status. (5) Self-rated health status and healthy behavior self-efficacy showed positive correlation. (6) Healthy behavior self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyles showed positive correlation. (7) Education level, chronic diseases, self-rated health status, and healthy behavior self-efficacy were statistically significant predictors for health promotion lifestyles, and these predictors explained for 34.5% of total variance. Conclusion: Through the findings of this study, it can be suggested that, when promoting health-promotion related topics to elders, increasing the elders’ healthy behavior self-efficacy should be prioritized. Through the results of this study, the health promotion lifestyles of elders in rural communities can be more deeply understood, and the results can be provided to related units to be used for reference in the promotion of health-promotion lifestyles to elders of rural communities.

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Sedibe, Modiehi Heather. "Dietary and lifestyle practices in rural and urban South African adolescents." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21239.

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A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA 2016
Introduction: Among adolescents, the occurrence of overweight and obesity has become a crucial public health challenge, in high-income and low- and middle-income settings. It is a phenomenon that has been strongly associated with environmental factors, particularly modifiable lifestyle factors and behaviours linked to diet and physical activity. Dietary practices and habits developed in childhood and usually maintained into adulthood, are said to predispose individuals to obesity and increased risk of metabolic diseases. South Africa is also undergoing rapid nutrition transition, which is associated with changes in dietary and physical activity patterns. Recent national findings have shown onsets of obesity among African children as early as 2-5 years of age, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 22.3% and 10.2% among 10-14 year old female and male adolescents, respectively. Not much is known about dietary, eating and physical activity practices of urban and rural South African adolescents, and the social factors that influence these practices within the home, community, and school environments. Research is needed to help inform interventions that curtail the burgeoning obesity epidemic among South African adolescents. Aims: This thesis aimed to explore and compare dietary practices, eating practices, and lifestyle practices of adolescents across various levels of social influences including the household, school and community in rural vs urban adolescents. Methods: This study employed a mixed methods study design, using both qualitative in-depth interviews and retrospective cross-sectional data. There are four studies to the thesis, with study components one, two, and three employing qualitative research, in both an urban and rural setting. Firstly a qualitative exploratory multiple case study approach was used to explore eating patterns, friendship and social interactions around dietary habits among 58 female adolescents (29 friend pairs) still in high school (mean age =18 years) in an urban Soweto setting; secondly narratives pertaining to dietary and physical activity practices among 58 female adolescents (29 friend pairs) still in high school (mean age =18 years) in an urban Soweto setting; thirdly semi-structured duo-interviews to explore perceptions, attitudes, barriers and facilitators related to healthy eating and physical activity practices among 22 female adolescents (11 pairs) still in high school (aged 16-19 years) in rural Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS); lastly a cross-sectional quantitative assessment and comparison of dietary habits, eating practices, and anthropometric measurements were performed on rural (n=392, mean age=13 years) and urban (n=3098, mean age=14 years) South African adolescents. Results: In study 1, among urban female friends, food sharing and money pooling was common. Joint food choices at school were mostly unhealthy, influenced by availability, prices and quality. Within shopping malls, food preference influenced joint food choices. In study 2, which was conducted on the same sample as study 1, majority of the urban girls were purchasing locally prepared convenience foods from school vendors instead of home-prepared breakfast, and most preferred to purchase food from the school tuck shop instead of using lunch boxes. ―Kotas‖, ―fat‖ cakes and snacks were popular lunch choices because of their affordability, convenience, and popularity. Respondents engaged in minimal active recreational activities due to lack of facilities and safety concerns. Findings of study 3, among rural adolescent girls, majority of participants considered locally grown and traditional foods to be healthy, but their consumption was limited due to availability. Female caregivers and school meal programmes were the main promoters of healthy eating practices. Limited food within the household was a barrier to eating breakfast before going to school, majority cited limited accessibility to healthy foods as a major barrier to healthy eating, and noted the increasing intake of ―convenient and less healthy foods‖. Girls were aware of the benefits of physical activity and engaged in various physical activities within the home, community, and schools. According to study 4 findings, there were differences in dietary habits and eating practices by gender and between urban and rural adolescents within the home, community, and school. After adjusting for gender, and site, irregular and regular frequency of consuming family meals, and irregular frequency of consuming breakfast on weekdays were all associated with increased risk of being overweight or obese. For mid-adolescent participants, irregular frequency of consuming breakfast on weekends within the home environment was associated with increased risk of being overweight and obese. For both early- and mid-adolescent participants, being male and residing in a rural setting were associated with reduced risk of being overweight and obese. Conclusion: In conclusion, interventions aimed at reducing the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in particular, have to be sensitive to socio-cultural contexts and specific realities within the different settings. Our findings suggest that future research aimed at addressing the increasing risk of overweight and obesity among rural, and especially urban adolescents; should investigate interventions to: (i) improve the availability and access to healthier breakfast options within the home; (ii) healthier and affordable fast food options within the community; (iii) subsidising good quality food, with the involvement of school vendors and tuck shops within school environments and (iv) improving dietary habits and eating practices within the home environment in order to reduce the risk of being overweight and obese among adolescents.
MT2016

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Shih, Hsin-Yi, and 施欣儀. "The Relationship of Tourist’s Leisure Lifestyle and Recreation Demand in Rural Tourism Area." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63607974155464327085.

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碩士
亞洲大學
休閒與遊憩學系碩士班
94
Abstract Leisure life has became a significance issue for modern people, and for sociologists, the leisure lifestyle for people is also a major concern for them. By present urbanization level, the “rurality” of rural areas certainly the best facter of escaping pressure, searching for relaxing, pleasure and recreations. For this reason, this research would like to find out what about the leisure lifestyle of rural area tourists? And how is the recreation itself or the resource is effected by different leisure lifestyle? By research on leisure lifestyles, understand the usual forms of leisure life of tourists. And further more, to deeply investigate the difference between leisure lifestyles and life background of each group. And finally to combine the leisure lifestyles and recreation demands of tourist in the conclusion. This research divided the questionnaire into three parts. Basic information of tourists, leisure lifestyle, recreation demands. Aimed at tourists at Sun-Yi Sung-Sin railway station to be engaged in convenience sampling, total questionnaires 230 copies, and valid questionnaires 197 copies, efficacious retrieve is 85.5%. Researching analyzed, firstly adopting factor analysis to extract leisure lifestyle into 4 components, which are “leisure importance”,” leisure actions”, “leisure leisure lifestyles”, and “leisure information”. And then by cluster analysis, divided the tourists into another four leisure lifestyles, which are named as “ leisure information orientation”,” leisure action orientation”,” diversification leisure orientation”, and “centered on leisure orientation”. The research uses chi-square test to analysis and confer the tourist’s life background an difference between leisure lifestyles, and shows up the occupations, marriages and education level of tourist between leisure lifestyles has remarkably difference. And by using ANOVA the different between leisure lifestyles of recreation demands, the results indicated that, when “ leisure information orientation” tourists are engaged in rural tourism with demands obviously of level of “social”. And While” diversification leisure orientation” tourists are engaged in rural tourism with demands obviously of level of “psychology”, accordingly inherent gains of individuals. Another two leisure lifestyles shows up without responses obviously of recreation demands.

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Lin, Szu-Yu, and 林思宇. "The Influence on the Rural Lifestyle of Xian-Ban-Tain, Lu-Gu Township, Nantou County by it Rural Tourism Development." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91062612932328955404.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
景觀暨遊憩管理研究所
96
In my opinion, local residents play the most important role of a rural society, and the information about their lifestyle is very important for any kind of advance in the research of rural areas. Although some research has been done in Taiwan about the influence and the impact of rural tourism - including some acknowledgement about its effect on lifestyle, very little research has focused on “rural lifestyle” itself. Since rural tourism is rapidly increasing in popularity, up to now, there hasn’t been any thesis specifically about the influence on the rural lifestyle by the development of rural tourism. This thesis researches the influence on the rural lifestyle of Xian-Ban-Tain, Lu-Gu Township, Nantou County by its rural tourism. This thesis adopted methods of reference research and field research to interpret the phenomena of rural lifestyle on three dimensions: economical, social/cultural, and environmental. I want to research how the effect of rural tourism is reflected in rural lifestyle, and how the lifestyle of local residents is actually being changed by it. The conclusions of this study are the interpretation of these issues: 1) How the increase in development of rural tourism has enhanced rural lifestyle. 2) The acculturation effects of rural tourism on rural lifestyle. 3) The multiple aspects of both direct and indirect influences on the rural lifestyle by the development of rural tourism.

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LIU, EN-YU, and 劉恩瑜. "The Effect of Health Information on Health Promotion Lifestyle for the Elderly in Rural Area." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84927547445674157873.

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碩士
南開科技大學
福祉科技與服務管理所
105
With the growing of the elder population in Taiwan and the decline of birth rate, senility and the disabled people are on the increase at the same time. As a result, health policy in our country has been transformed into positive health promotion. Health information brings great benefits to health promotion. However, for the elders living in rural areas with limited access to information, they are even more in need of proper access to get health information. The purpose of the study is to explore the rural elders’ degree of emphasis on health information, their access and preference to heath information, and the impact of health information on the health promoting lifestyle. Social questionnaire survey was conducted on 392 older adults in Lugu Villageatrix. Through statistical analysis, the results were showed as follows: (1) the overall degree of emphasis on health information fell into the category of higher-intermediate, with “information for disease treatment” the most valued, and “information for regimen and anti-aging” the least valued; (2) the degree of health-promoting lifestyle fell into intermediate level, “healthy habits” scoring the highest, and “community involvement” the lowest; (3) health information and the health promoting lifestyle of rural elders had significant statistical correlation; (4) elderly health situation and some health information variables could effectively predict 49.5 % of variablility of health promotion. Keywords: Rural elders, Health information, Health promotion lifestyle

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Reis, Helena Maria Charrua Ramalhosa Murteira. "Migrants & Lifestyle in permaculture sustainable communities in Portugal: profile of three case studies." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19930.

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This investigation aims to reveal the case of the foreign migrants that come to Portugal with the goal to live a lifestyle more in tune with the basic ethics and principles of permaculture and the case of the Portuguese migrants that often leave the big cities in search for a more natural and sustainable life in the countryside. These movements of people and ideas sometimes gives birth to intentional or non-intentional communities that work, change, built and experience the land, the spaces and the interpersonal relationships of the context they’re in. Who are these people? Do they fit in the “lifestyle migrations” concept? What is permaculture? What ideas do they bring if they do bring something? Why Portugal? And what is the place of this kind of migration in the Portuguese migratory context? These are some of the questions that we will discuss on this investigation with a methodological basis of semi-structured interviews and fieldwork observation of three different case studies: Vale da Sarvinda, Vale da Lama and Várzea da Gonçala.
Esta investigação pretende dar a conhecer tanto o caso dos migrantes estrangeiros que vêm para Portugal comprar terra com vista a viver um estilo de vida mais em conformidade com os princípios e as éticas de base da permacultura, bem como o caso dos migrantes nacionais que muitas vezes deixam as grandes cidades à procura de uma vida mais natural e sustentável no campo. Estes movimentos de pessoas e de ideias por vezes dão origem a comunidades intencionais ou não e que trabalham, alteram, constroem, experienciam a terra, os espaços e as relações interpessoais do contexto em que se inserem. Quem são estas pessoas? Podemos dizer que elas se integram num movimento de “lifestyle migrations”? Que ideias trazem se é que trazem algo? O que é a permacultura? Porquê Portugal? E qual o lugar deste tipo de migração no contexto migratório Português? São apenas algumas das perguntas que iremos abordar ao longo desta investigação com base metodológica entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação no terreno tendo como casos de estudo três projectos distintos: o Vale da Sarvinda, o Vale da Lama e a Várzea da Gonçala.

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Swailes, Nancy Ann. "Exchange with family members as a strategy used by the rural elderly to maintain their preferred lifestyle." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14903009.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1986.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-64).

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Huang, Yu-Shan, and 黃于珊. "Relationships among Communting Way, Sedentary Lifestyle, and Physical Activity of Primary School Children in the Urban and Rural Area." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01644353764738763235.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
休閒運動保健系所
101
The aim of this study was to find out the current situation of school commuting, the sedentary lifestyle, and physical activities of primary school children in the urban and rural area, and how these factors interacted with each other. Subjects were selected according to the population density in Pingtung County, as an example of the remote areas, and XinXing district of Kaohsiung City, as urban area and targeted at fifth and six grades schoolchildren. This study adopted questionnaire as the research method and collected 565 valid samples in total. Statistic methods included frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman rank order correlation coefficient were applied on the collected information for analysis and discussions. The study concluded that (a) The differences of school commuting, sedentary lifestyle, and physical activities between rural and urban schoolchildren are significant; (B) Difference of school commuting between both gender was not significant, yet those of sedentary lifestyle, and physical activities were significant; (C) All three factors are significantly correlated. It is recommended that schoolchildren commute by walk or bicycle to school, which cultivates their habits to exercise regularly. In addition, including more dynamic physical exercises in the activities can also increase physical activities of primary school children.

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Chatrchaiwiwatana, Supaporn. "Risk indicators for tooh loss among adults in rural area of northeastern Thailand in relation to selected dental, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors." 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=RjFYAAAAMAAJ.

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Ulrichová, Eva. "Proměny životního stylu na venkově od první republiky po současnost - případová studie." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296810.

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This diploma thesis "Changes in lifestyle in the countryside since the First Republic to the present" is a case study providing information on lifestyle changes in the last 90-years in the village Zavisice and causes of these changes. The substantial change affecting all others is moving away from agriculture as the main means of sustenance. The crucial processes causing the changes in the country life the lifestyle of the rural population in studied time period were collectivization in the 50th, socialization in the 60th, centralization in the 70th and 80th and transformation after the year 1989. This thesis looks at this topic from many angles, generalizes some conclusions thus creating a comprehensive insight into the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the Czech countryside in the last century. The contents of the largest in the text analyzes the transformation of customs, traditions, livelihood and leisure, children's games and duties, schooling, food, clothing, housing, change in approach to raising children, celebrating of the religious or secular holidays and family feasts, change of associations and interest groups. Information is gathered from the statements of witnesses, written historical materials (municipal, school and family chronicles, personal memoirs, newspapers) and the relevant...

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"Influence of Post-materialism and Individualization on Chinese Young Generation's Mobile Lifestyle Construction: A Case Study of Urban Newcomers in Yunnan Rural Tourism Villages." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292576.

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Tsolekile, Lungiswa Primrose. "Urbanization and lifestyle changes related to non-communicable diseases: An exploration of experiences of urban residents who have relocated from the rural areas to Khayelitsha, an urban township in Cape Town." Thesis, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6718_1194334748.

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The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes including obesity has increased among the black population over the past few years. The increase in these diseases has been associated with increased urbanization and lifestyle changes. No studies have documented the experiences of people who have migrated to urban areas. Aim: To describe the type of lifestyle changes, reasons for the lifestyle changes and the barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle among people who have migrated from rural areas to urban areas in the past 5 years and reside in Khayelitsha. Objectives: (1) To identify people who have moved from rural to urban areas in the past 2-5 years
(2) To explore reasons for moving to the city
(3) To explore experiences of respondents on moving to the city
(4) To identify the types of lifestyle changes related to chronic diseases among respondents on arrival to the city
(5) To identify reasons for the lifestyle changes among respondents
(6) To identify coping strategies that have been adopted by respondents
(7) To identify barriers to healthy lifestyle among respondents
(8) To make recommendations for development of appropriate interventions that will enable migrating populations to adjust better to city life.

Rural-urban migration (urbanization) was associated with factors such as seeking employment, better life and working opportunities. On arrival in the city migrants face a number of challenges such as inability to secure employment and accommodation. Faced with these challenges, migrants change their lifestyle including buying fatty foods, increasing frequency in food consumption and decreasing in physical activity. In the city factors such as poverty, environment including lack of infrastructure, and lack of knowledge about nutrition, social pressures and family preferences were identified as hindrances to a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: This study identified various factors that influence the decision to migrate from rural areas. Lifestyle changes in an urban setting are due to socio-economic, environmental and individual factors. Perceived benefits of moving to urban areas can pose challenges to health and this may have negative health-outcomes.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural lifestyles'

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