Journal articles: 'Rural labour markets'

1

Rao, J. Mohan. "Fragmented rural labour markets." Journal of Peasant Studies 15, no. 2 (January 1988): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066158808438359.

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Monk, Sarah, Ian Hodge, and Jessica Dunn. "Supporting Rural Labour Markets." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 15, no. 4 (November 2000): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026909400750068022.

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Hardill, Irene. "Trading Places." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 13, no. 2 (August 1998): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949808726432.

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This paper reports on some of the findings of a recent study on the employment impact of moving to a rural area. A case study approach is used to elucidate the choices/constraints/compromises encountered by women in in-migrant households to rural and semi-rural parts of the East Midlands, Great Britain. Rural labour markets are quantitatively and qualitatively different from urban labour markets and, while some of the surveyed in-migrant women managed to find jobs following their move, they often experienced downward occupational mobility; others withdrew from the labour market. A number of policy recommendations are also made to improve labour market access.

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Jones, Melanie K. "Rural Labour Markets: The Welsh Example." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 19, no. 3 (August 2004): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269094042000233619.

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Osmani, S. R. "Wage determination in rural labour markets." Journal of Development Economics 34, no. 1-2 (November 1990): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(90)90074-l.

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Reddy, A. Amarender. "Rural labour markets: Insights from Indian villages." Asia-Pacific Development Journal 21, no. 1 (December 5, 2014): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/22ec4f94-en.

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Jarvis, David, Philip Dunham, and Brian Ilbery. "Local Rural Labour Markets: Enterprising or Constraining?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 21, no. 2 (May 2006): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940600608192.

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8

Wuepper, David, Stefan Wimmer, and Johannes Sauer. "Does family farming reduce rural unemployment?" European Review of Agricultural Economics 48, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbab002.

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Abstract This article investigates the causal relationship between family farming and rural labour markets. To this end, we combine farm accountancy data and public labour market statistics at the district level (NUTS-3) for the years 2008–2013. While cross-sectional regressions reveal a strong and robust negative correlation between the share of family farm labour and unemployment rate in a region, fixed-effects panel data regressions suggest this is not causal. Instead, we find evidence that cultural differences in work ethic spuriously connect family farming with unemployment. Thus, supporting family farming to fight rural unemployment is not an effective strategy in Germany.

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9

Rak, Anna. "Aktywizacja zawodowa młodych osób bezrobotnych w wybranych powiatach ziemskich podregionu siedleckiego." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.3.84.

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Youth unemployment is currently among the most serious problems on the Polish and EU labour markets. The young account for nearly half of the unemployed on the two markets. The purpose of the paper is to determine the interest of young unemployed residents of rural areas in labour market programmes and to diagnose the methods of seeking employment used by those people. The information presented mainly comes from the results of questionnaire surveys carried out in three rural counties of the Siedlce subregion.

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Nanyiti, Aisha, Haki Pamuk, and Erwin Bulte. "Tied Labour, Savings and Rural Labour Market Wages: Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment." Journal of African Economies 28, no. 4 (March 11, 2019): 435–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejz004.

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Abstract How does the introduction of tied labour or a saving product affect labour market decisions and wages in rural agricultural labour markets? We develop a theoretical model of labour tying that incorporates diminishing marginal returns to consumption and inequality (behindness) aversion in the context of a rural agricultural labour market with seasonally fluctuating demand for labour, and test model predictions using a framed field experiment (modified ultimatum game) in rural Uganda. Our main findings are that (1) wages fluctuate with productivity, (2) access to tied contracts decreases wages for casual labour and (3) access to a saving technology does not improve wages for tied labour. Consistent with model predictions and earlier theory, we empirically find that income for workers goes down (and income for landlords goes up) if an institutional innovation enables consumption smoothing by workers (tied contracts or a saving technology).

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Cramer, Christopher, Carlos Oya, and John Sender. "Lifting the blinkers: a new view of power, diversity and poverty in Mozambican rural labour markets." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 3 (August 18, 2008): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003340.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents some results from the largest rural labour market survey yet conducted in Mozambique. Evidence from three provinces shows that labour markets have a significant impact on the lives of a large number of poor people, and that employers exercise considerable discretion in setting wages and conditions of casual, seasonal and permanent wage employment. The evidence presented comes from a combination of a quantitative survey based on purposive sampling with other techniques, including interviews with large farmers. The findings contrast with ideas that rural labour markets are of limited relevance to poverty reduction policy formulation in Africa, and the paper concludes with methodological, analytical and policy recommendations.

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Monk, Sarah, and Ian Hodge. "Labour markets and employment opportunities in rural Britain." Sociologia Ruralis 35, no. 2 (August 1995): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1995.tb00831.x.

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13

Hodge, Ian, Jessica Dunn, Sarah Monk, and Maureen Fitzgerald. "Barriers to Participation in Residual Rural Labour Markets." Work, Employment and Society 16, no. 3 (September 2002): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095001702762217434.

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14

de Hoyos, Maria, and Anne Green. "Recruitment and retention issues in rural labour markets." Journal of Rural Studies 27, no. 2 (April 2011): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.12.003.

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Roy, Shantanu De, and Mampi Bose. "COVID-19 Crisis and Some Contours of the Rural Labour Market in India." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 3 (June 3, 2021): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211023833.

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Indian labour markets are segmented based on caste, gender groups, region, types of workers and types of contractual arrangements. An important feature of the labour markets in India, notwithstanding intersectionalities across segments, is greater access to high-quality work with social security benefits to the privileged sections of the society as compared to the socially oppressed sections, including women. The latter dominate in low-quality, less stable and insecure work in the informal sector.The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have increased the vulnerability of the informal workers, including the migrant workers. The article analyses the features of rural and urban labour markets, prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, that had contributed to vulnerability of the workforce. The analysis was based on the National Statistical Office ( NSO, 2020 )—Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) database of 2018–2019, NSSO (2014)—Report of the Situation of Agricultural Households in India, NSSO (2014)—Employment and Unemployment Survey, Labour Bureau, and the Economic Survey of India. It also analyses the impacts of the pandemic on the rural labour market based on the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database. Our analysis reveals that the rural labour market in India was more adversely affected by the lockdown measures than the urban counterpart. In the rural areas, there was collapse of non-farm employment and increased participation in agricultural work was largely an outcome of distress. Furthermore, reverse migration of workers had led to sharp decline in remittances, particularly in the eastern Indian states that are largely agrarian and poor. The article advocates policy initiatives that include expansion of the rural employment programmes for providing relief to the poor and working population in India.

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16

Stanny, Monika. "Spatial Diversification of the Balance on the Labour Market in Rural areas in Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 14, no. 14 (January 1, 2010): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-010-0018-x.

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Spatial Diversification of the Balance on the Labour Market in Rural areas in Poland The purpose of the study is to present the spatial diversification of the level of the balance on the local labour market in the rural areas. The spatial unit of the analysis is constituted by rural communes (gminas) and the rural areas of the urban-rural communes in Poland according to the administrative division into town and village. This means that the research concerns the spatial diversification observed according to 2,171 units. It was accepted in the research that a balanced labour market occurs where favourable demographic structures are located around the largest regional centres in Poland. This is connected with the development of the communes' non-agricultural economic functions and a strong dependence on urban markets.

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17

SAITO, OSAMU. "Land, labour and market forces in Tokugawa Japan." Continuity and Change 24, no. 1 (April 20, 2009): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416009007061.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines the markets for land and labour in traditional Japan, where peasant families accounted for 80 per cent of the population; it focuses on the extent of these markets and how they operated. The survey of evidence, both literary and statistical, indicates that, while the size of the factor markets was small and limited, lease arrangements for farmland and the markets for seasonal labour and the rural–urban transfer of manpower functioned rather well. It is therefore suggested that market forces must have played an indispensable part in the process of Tokugawa Japan's proto-industrialization and Smithian growth.

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18

Zhang, Qian Forrest, Ma Qingguo, and Xu Xu. "Development of Land Rental Markets in Rural Zhejiang: Growth of Off-farm Jobs and Institution Building." China Quarterly 180 (December 2004): 1031–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004000748.

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We employ survey data collected in 2001 in Zhejiang province to investigate patterns and determinants of land market development. Previous studies have noted the correlation between growth of off-farm jobs and rental-market development at the aggregate level, but failed empirically to demonstrate mechanisms at the disaggregate level. Our analyses find concrete evidence at the household level connecting developments in labour and land markets. Growth in off-farm jobs allow rural households to transfer labour out of farming and prompt them to relinquish land rights, generating a supply of land that drives rental activities. We also go beyond interactions between factor markets and examine how local institution building promotes rental-market development. Institutions that either lower transaction costs or secure property rights are found to be crucial in explaining cross-regional variations in rental-market development. Finally, the rise of land rental markets also highlights the role of collective ownership in shaping rural development trajectory.

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19

Lindsay, Colin, Martin McCracken, and Ronald W. McQuaid. "Unemployment duration and employability in remote rural labour markets." Journal of Rural Studies 19, no. 2 (April 2003): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-0167(02)00067-0.

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20

Reed, Mick. "‘Gnawing it Out’: A New Look at Economic Relations in Nineteenth-Century Rural England." Rural History 1, no. 1 (April 1990): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300003228.

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Markets are ubiquitous, dominant, integrating all production nationally: that is interlocking markets in a national purchase and sale network at money price, organised on an economy-wide basis, a market network essential to all industrial and agricultural lines of production… Practically all farm output was sold for cash. All factors of production, land, labour, tools, transport, artificial fertilisers, were available on national markets for purchase at money price… Here we have total market dependence, for livelihood and the ubiquitous use of cash.

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21

Shifa, Muna. "Determinants of Land and Labour Market Participation Decisions in Rural Ethiopia." Journal of African Development 18, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0073.

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This paper attempts to determine the factors influencing farmers' land and labour market participation decisions in rural Ethiopia. A multivariate probit estimation technique is used to account for potential interdependencies between land and labour allocation strategies. Results suggest that households that are better endowed with farming resources such as oxen and farming skills are more likely to get access to more land and labour through factor markets, while households that are less endowed with these resources are more likely to rent out their land and participate in off-farm jobs. The complementary nature of land renting out and involvement in off-farm work suggests that policy makers should give due consideration to the development of rural off-farm jobs to reduce poverty in rural areas.

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22

Faggio, Giulia, and Olmo Silva. "Self-employment and entrepreneurship in urban and rural labour markets." Journal of Urban Economics 84 (November 2014): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.09.001.

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23

Hojman, David E. "Land Reform, Female Migration and the Market for Domestic Service in Chile." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 1-2 (June 1989): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00014449.

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In recent years there has been significant improvement in terms of the quantity and quality of empirical studies on Latin American urban labour markets.1 The relative degree of ignorance concerning the market for domestic service is therefore particularly notorious. Some important gaps in the current state of our knowledge are the determinants of long-term trends and of short and medium-term fluctuations in this market, the relationship between domestic service and female rural–urban migration, and that between domestic service and the aggregate labour market.

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Rigg, Jonathan, Bounthong Bouahom, and Linkham Douangsavanh. "Money, Morals, and Markets: Evolving Rural Labour Markets in Thailand and the Lao PDR." Environment and Planning A 36, no. 6 (June 2004): 983–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36133.

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25

Kasimis, Charalambos, Apostolos G. Papadopoulos, and Costas Pappas. "Gaining from Rural Migrants: Migrant Employment Strategies and Socioeconomic Implications for Rural Labour Markets." Sociologia Ruralis 50, no. 3 (June 11, 2010): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2010.00515.x.

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Ramachandran, V. K., and Madhura Swaminathan. "Rural Banking and Landless Labour Households: Institutional Reform and Rural Credit Markets in India." Journal of Agrarian Change 2, no. 4 (October 2002): 502–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0366.00044.

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27

Szafraniec, Krystyna, Paweł Szymborski, and Krzysztof Wasielewski. "Between the School and Labour Market. Rural Areas and Rural Youth in Poland, Romania and Russia." Eastern European Countryside 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eec-2017-0001.

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Abstract The article analyses the process of rural youth entering the labour market in selected post-communist countries (Poland, Romania and Russia). Based on different types of local (national) and international source data, similarities and differences are discussed between the analysed countries. The article focuses on transition from education to a satisfactory job, nowadays a very complex process that takes up nearly the entire third decade of young people’s life. Although this process is just an external manifestation of general changes occurring in labour markets around the world, the experience of young people from post-communist countries in this area seems to be more traumatic than that of their peers in developed Western countries. Despite significant investments in education, it is difficult to deal with new challenges, particularly for the youth from rural areas. In all the analysed countries, chaotic career paths are typical of this population, and they are often based on temporary jobs, informal forms of employment or self-employment.

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Mbatha, Nhlanhla Cyril, and Joan Roodt. "Recent internal migration and labour market outcomes: Exploring the 2008 and 2010 national income dynamics study (NIDS) panel data in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 5 (November 28, 2014): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i5.515.

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We began with the premise that South African recent migrants from rural to urban areas experience relatively lower rates of participation in formal labour markets compared to local residents in urban communities, and that these migrants are overrepresented in the informal labour market and in the unemployment sector. This means that rural to urban migrants are less likely than locals to be found in formal employment and more likely to be found in informal employment and among the unemployed. Using perspectives from Development Economics we explore the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) panel datasets of 2008 and 2010, which only provide a perspective on what has happened between 2008 and 2010. We find that while migrants in general experience positive outcomes in informal labour markets, they also experience positive outcomes in formal markets, which is contrary to expectations. We also find that there are strong links between other indicators of performance in the labour market. Earned incomes are closely associated with migration decisions and educational qualifications (e.g. a matric certificate) for respondents between the ages of 30 and 60 years. The youth (15 to 30 years old) and senior respondents (over the age of 60) are the most disadvantaged in the labour market. The disadvantage is further reflected in lower earned incomes. This is the case even though the youth are most likely to migrate. We conclude that migration is motivated by both push (to seek employment) and pull (existing networks or marriage at destination) factors. For public policy, the emerging patterns – indicative and established – are important for informing strategies aimed at creating employment and developing skills for the unemployed, migrants and especially the youth. Similar policy strategies are embodied in the National Development Plan (NDP), the National Skills Development Strategy (NSDS), etc.

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Muñoz-Abeledo, Luisa-María, María-Salomé Taboada-Mella, and Rosa-María Verdugo-Matés. "Determinantes de la participación femenina en el mercado de trabajo en la Galicia rural y urbana de 1924." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 79 (August 26, 2019): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.079e06m.

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This article provides new data on the female labour activity rate, obtained by analysing the determinants of female participation in rural and urban labour markets in Galicia in 1924. We selected five municipalities (two cities and three towns) to represent different economic models. The two larger hubs are A Coruña, a city with industry, services and a commercial port; and Ourense, a provincial capital in the interior of the region. The smaller, more rural municipalities analysed are Bueu, a good example of the region’s industrialization model focused on fishing, fish processing; Padrón, which combines agriculture, textiles, and tanning sectors; and Nigrán, which is eminently agrarian. By combining demographic data (Nominative Population Census of 1924) with other sources, this article corrects the female activity rate in agriculture and the fishprocessing industry. The revised female labour participation rates are higher, surpassing 50% in rural municipalities and 30% in cities. We also analyse rural and urban labour markets from a gender perspective, identifying the main male and female occupations. Finally, this research explores the accuracy of the predominance of the “male breadwinner” model in this region in the 1920s.

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Rozelle, Scott, Li Guo, Minggao Shen, Amelia Hughart, and John Giles. "Leaving China's Farms: Survey Results of New Paths and Remaining Hurdles to Rural Migration." China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005816.

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One of the striking outcomes of China's economic reforms is the emergence of inter-regional labour markets as rural workers have poured into the nation's urban and rural economies. Policy makers in China, as elsewhere in the world, have treated the inter-regional migrant labour force with ambiguity. Migration may increase efficiency, contribute to poverty reduction and make China's economy more competitive, but leaders fear the congestion, social unrest and loss of political control which might accompany an increasingly mobile labour force.

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31

Ahmed, Salma, and Pushkar Maitra. "Gender Wage Discrimination in Rural and Urban Labour Markets of Bangladesh." Oxford Development Studies 38, no. 1 (March 2010): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600810903551611.

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32

Kvist, Elin. "Who's there? – Inclusive growth, ‘white rurality’ and reconstructing rural labour markets." Journal of Rural Studies 73 (January 2020): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.11.005.

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33

Fischer, Tatjana. "Women and Migration in Rural Europe. Labour Markets, Representations and Policies." Raumforschung und Raumordnung 75, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0466-8.

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34

Phimister, Euan, Ioannis Theodossiou, and Richard Upward. "Is it Easier to Escape from Low Pay in Urban Areas? Evidence from the United Kingdom." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 38, no. 4 (April 2006): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37297.

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In this paper we compare periods of low-paid employment between urban and rural areas in the United Kingdom. Using the British household panel survey, we estimate the probability that a period of low-paid employment will end, followed by a number of possible outcomes, namely a higher-paid job, self-employment, unemployment, and leaving the labour force. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in the dynamics of low pay across urban and rural labour markets, particularly in terms of exits to higher pay and out of the labour force. After controlling for different personal and job characteristics across markets, urban low-pay durations are somewhat shorter on average, with a higher probability of movement to a higher-paid job. The results suggest that any urban–rural differences in the typical low-pay experience are concentrated among certain types of individuals, such as young workers and women without qualifications.

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35

Šimon, Martin, and Josef Bernard. "Rural Idyll Without Rural Sociology? Changing Features, Functions and Research of the Czech Countryside." Eastern European Countryside 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eec-2016-0003.

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AbstractThe development of the Czech countryside differs in many ways from trajectories typical for Eastern and Central European rural areas in the last 25 years. In our article, we discuss the nature of the ‘Czech exceptionalism’, with reference to three examples, namely population development, the dynamics of rural/agricultural labour markets and rural governance. Firstly, we describe the major driving forces behind rural development in Czechia over the past 25 years and how these forces are reflected in the academic discourse. Secondly, we argue that an important feature of rural regions in Czechia is their population growth combined with a rapid labour market transformation and a low social importance of agriculture. All these changes are interpreted as a shift towards multifunctionality of rural areas rather than as a general trend towards post-productivism; indeed, this is because large parts of rural areas remain economically based on industrial production. The ongoing transformations have been reflected only partially in an academic discourse. In conclusion, we argue that there is a need to re-examine the use of EEC as a concept framing the position of sociology in rural research.

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Guyot, Alice, Stefan Berwing, and Maria Lauxen-Ulbrich. "Income differentials on regional labour markets in Southwest Germany." Panoeconomicus 56, no. 3 (2009): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0903379g.

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The aim of our paper is to identify explanatory variables for income disparities between women and men across different regional types. Using data from the BA Employment Panel (BEP) descriptive statistics show that the gender pay gap grows wider from core regions to periphery. The main explanatory variables for the income differentials are vocational education in the men's case and size of enterprise in the women's case. Whereas in the case of women the importance of vocational status increases and the importance of size of enterprise decreases from rural areas to urban areas.

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DOMENECH, JORDI. "Rural labour markets and rural conflict in Spain before the Civil War (1931-6)1." Economic History Review 66, no. 1 (May 23, 2012): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2011.00655.x.

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38

Tanimoto, Masayuki. "PEASANT SOCIETY IN JAPAN'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON RURAL LABOUR AND FINANCE MARKETS." International Journal of Asian Studies 15, no. 2 (July 2018): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591418000050.

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This study aims to discuss the significant role of “peasant society” in understanding the economic history of both modern and early modern Japan.Independent peasant households proliferated in Japan in the seventeenth century, and from around the turn of the eighteenth century onwards they underwent a transformation into entities calledie,which owned family properties and bore responsibility for conveying these properties to the next generation. Although the development of the market economy also contributed to maintaining and activating the peasant society, the function of the labour market was strongly influenced by the strategy of peasant households to pursue the optimal utilization of slack labour generated by the seasonally fluctuating labour demand from agriculture. Under these constraints, peasant households tended to deliver non-agricultural employment opportunities to their members, forming a kind of barrier against mobilizing family workers outside the household. These barriers were supported by region-based industrial development such as a weaving industry adopting the putting-out system most suitable to the requirements of peasant households. Rural-based capital accumulation together with the workings of the regional financial markets contributed to maintaining particular peasant household behaviours by supporting region-based industrial development, which featured in Japan's path of economic and social development from the early modern to the modern period.

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Majid, Nomaan, and Khaud M. Nadvi. "Agrarian Transition in Sind: An Analysis of Interlinked Rural Factor Markets." Pakistan Development Review 26, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v26i4pp.433-446.

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The process of change in the tenurial structure of Punjab's agriculture from sharecropping tenancy to an owner-cultivation with a wage-labour system of production has been well-documented in. [Alavi (1976); Hamid (1980); Hussain (1980); Khan (1981); Khan (1983); and Mahmood (1977)] . It has been argued that this has come about through the induction of the new technologies (firstly in the form of tube well irrigation and subsequently followed by the biological and mechanical technologies) associated with the "Green Revolution". In Sind, however, in spite of the use of modern technology, the tenancy-based system of production still predominates. According to the 1980 Census of Agriculture, tenant farms were the largest single category of farms in Sind (with 49 percent of all farms). This study, which reports preliminary findings from lower Sind, uses the framework of interlinked factor markets [Bardhan and Rudra (1978); and Bardhan (1980)] to see if mutually desirable interlinkages for tenants and landlords in their access to land, labour and capital markets can explain the retention of tenancy in the face of exogenous forces of modernization.

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Antonov, Evgeny V. "Development and current state of urban labour markets in Russia." Population and Economics 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e34768.

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The purpose of the study is to identify key trends in the development of labour markets in the cities of Russia in the post-Soviet period and their current state. The parameters of sectoral employment of the population and the number of employees in urban districts of Russia in the period after 2010 are analyzed in detail. For the first time the state of the labour market of all cities of the country in a full range of organizations is investigated on the basis of data of the Federal Tax Service (FTS). The study confirms the existence of differences in the level of employment in cities of different size in different regions of the country, as well as the existence of an urban—rural and center—periphery (regional center — the rest of the region) gradient.

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Braesemann, Fabian, Fabian Stephany, Ole Teutloff, Otto Kässi, Mark Graham, and Vili Lehdonvirta. "The global polarisation of remote work." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): e0274630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274630.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has led to the rise of digitally enabled remote work with consequences for the global division of labour. Remote work could connect labour markets, but it might also increase spatial polarisation. However, our understanding of the geographies of remote work is limited. Specifically, in how far could remote work connect employers and workers in different countries? Does it bring jobs to rural areas because of lower living costs, or does it concentrate in large cities? And how do skill requirements affect competition for employment and wages? We use data from a fully remote labour market—an online labour platform—to show that remote platform work is polarised along three dimensions. First, countries are globally divided: North American, European, and South Asian remote platform workers attract most jobs, while many Global South countries participate only marginally. Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to large cities; rural areas fall behind. Thirdly, remote work is polarised along the skill axis: workers with in-demand skills attract profitable jobs, while others face intense competition and obtain low wages. The findings suggest that agglomerative forces linked to the unequal spatial distribution of skills, human capital, and opportunities shape the global geography of remote work. These forces pull remote work to places with institutions that foster specialisation and complex economic activities, i. e. metropolitan areas focused on information and communication technologies. Locations without access to these enabling institutions—in many cases, rural areas—fall behind. To make remote work an effective tool for economic and rural development, it would need to be complemented by local skill-building, infrastructure investment, and labour market programmes.

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Tervo, Hannu. "Self-employment transitions and alternation in Finnish rural and urban labour markets." Papers in Regional Science 87, no. 1 (March 2008): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2007.00150.x.

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Jover-Avellà, Gabriel, and Joana Maria Pujades-Mora. "Mercado de trabajo, género y especialización oleícola: Mallorca a mediados del siglo XVII." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 80 (December 17, 2019): 37–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.080e04j.

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Recently, an intense historiographical debate has developed concerning female participation in rural labour markets and its impact on the gender wage gap before 1800. The underlying hypothesis is that increased participation of women in the labour market should lead to a reduction in the wage gap and a parallel improvement in their life conditions. However, research results to date are inconclusive. This article aims to address some of these issues, using the island of Mallorca during the seventeenth century as a case study. Female par ticipation in the labour market was more intense there than in other Mediterranean and Atlantic regions. In addition, the seasonality of labour demand on the island provoked more instances of collusion than complementarity with regard to agrarian tasks, in contrast with what happened in Atlantic regions. Finally, we also explain why higher rates of female occupation did not necessarily imply a significant reduction of the gender wage gap.

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Chambati, Walter. "The Reformed Agrarian Structure and Changing Dynamics of Rural Labour Migration in Zimbabwe." Africa Development 47, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 273–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i3.2683.

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This article examines the changing dynamics of rural labour migration in Zimbabwe following the radical land redistribution since 2000 through the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). Since the colonial period, dispossessed peasants with inadequate land access were forced to offer cheap migrant wage labour for large-scale capitalist farms (LSCFs) and beyond. Despite the wide acknowledgement of the redistributive nature of the FTLRP, there is sparse understanding of how the new land access patterns impacted on rural labour migration. Empirical evidence from Goromonzi and Kwekwe districts demonstrates that while there were many peasant beneficiaries, land shortages were not completely eradicated and the new farm labour markets depended on the super-exploitation of landless migrants. Altogether, the data contradicts the conventional wisdom that views migration as a deliberate diversification strategy of household labour to enhance a livelihood. Rather, resistance to proletarianisation undergirds the struggles of farm labourers as they largely seek autonomous land-based social reproduction outside the wage economy.

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Daniel Tambi, Mbu, and Chuo Joshua Njuh. "Rural-Urban Migration and Unemployment Tendency." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v5i01.318.

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The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration on unemployment tendency, while controlling for other variables. We make use of the instrumental variable approach and probit controlling for endogeneity to determine the relationship between rural-urban migration and unemployment. Cameroon labour force survey is used to estimate our results. Results shows that the likelihood of unemployment decreases among rural-urban migrates compared to their rural counterparts who do not migrate. By the same token, holders of primary, secondary and tertiary levels of are less likely to be unemployed relative to their counterparts with no education, respectively. These findings have a number of policy implementations: the government could create an enabling environment for labour markets to work better for the youths seeking employment and could invest rationally on education to enable the youth become self-reliant instead of job seekers through skill development and training.

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Ahamed Lebbe, S. M. "Interlocking Factor Market in Agrarian Economy of Sri Lanka." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 58 (September 2015): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.58.25.

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Informal credit market plays a crucial role in the rural sector in developing countries. Prices of goods and services, in general, in the competitive markets are determined by the market forces but, prices of factors of production in agrarian economy are interlinked, thus reward of land, labour and credit also are determined by the interlockers.. An interlinked transaction is one in which the parties trade in at least two markets on the condition that the terms of all trade between them are jointly determined (Bell and Srinivasan, 1989). Agriculture sector is the foremost economic activity in Sri Lanka. Nearly 70 percent of total population living in rural areas depends completely or partially on agriculture sector. The main objective of the study is to examine the incidence of different types of linkages prevalent in the developed and backward villages among paddy farming households in Sammanthurai Divisional Secretariat area of Ampara district in Sri Lanka. This study is based on primary data and the data related to the year 2011-2012 (2011 Yala and 2011-2012 Maha). According to the results 95 per cent of the households in backward villages and 65 per cent of households in developed villages are involved in interlinked credit transactions, Hence, the result exhibits that interlinked credit transaction is higher in backward villages than that of developed villages. The results further reveal that Cash-to-Labour and Kind-to-Labour transactions in developed villages are allowed free of charge. Kind-Cash and Input-to-Output transactions are completely seen in the backward villages. Input-to-Output market link which is foremost in the backward villages and it is found to be exploitative to the paddy farmers.

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Clausen, A. "Disparate geographies of labour : the Philippines in times of globalisation." Geographica Helvetica 62, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-62-113-2007.

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Abstract. Labour market issues give insight into the myriad ways in which people and politics respond to social and spatial tensions marking current transformations alongside globalisation. This paper explores the relations between the globalising Philippine labour market, spatially disparate development and the course of national economic policies. Philippine State policies almost exclusively promote global-oriented Service and industry sectors and their predominantly urban locations.The agricultural sector, and thus most of the rural regions and inhabitants, is neglected by these policies. Many rural regions find themselves being pushed into the economic periphery. Their inhabitants appear caught in a spiral of increasing poverty, leading to heightened exodus as persons seek employment and better perspectives in urban centres. Persistent inequality of power relations, landownership, socio-political conflicts and slow decentral isation further exacerbate the Situation in the peripheries. At the same time, the urban centres struggle to absorb the migrants in the face of economic volatility through globalisation. Unemployment is high and the informal sector large. A strategy of the State government has been to export workforce surplus to global labour markets. In the long run, however, the Philippines, and particularly its peripheries, could loose their most productive human capital, and consequently, their basis for any endogenously driven development. Thus, it appears necessary for the government to provide their Citizens with a sustainable, socially and spatially more balanced inner labour market if it wishes to herald in a developmental turnabout.

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Bæck, Unn-Doris Karlsen. "Spatial Manoeuvring in Education." Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE) 3, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njcie.3274.

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Based on an interview study of upper secondary school pupils in a county in Northern Norway and against a backdrop of spatial differences in dropout rates in upper secondary education in Norway, this article explores the significance of space for understanding the experiences of young people in the transition from lower to upper secondary education. The situation of rural youth is particularly highlighted. Through interviews with students, four factors connected to spatiality and more specifically to spatial mobility have been pinpointed. These are connected to (1) local school structures, (2) local labour markets, (3) being new in a place, and (4) localised social capital. At a more theoretical level, the concept of opportunity structure is employed in order to grasp how structures connected to education, labour market, and economy can have a profound effect on the lives of young people, being subjected to a mobility imperative that has become a particularly relevant driving force for rural youth.

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Westin, Kerstin, and Katarina Haugen. "From pragmatism to meritocracy? Views on in-house family ties on the Swedish labour market." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 197, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.73001.

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In-house family ties within workplaces are a non-negligible phenomenon on the labour market. Drawing on organizational and geographical perspectives and based on thematic analysis of 40 interviews with human resource managers, we analyse how family ties are viewed and managed in organizations on the Swedish labour market. Based on the empirical analysis, we suggest that there are two different logics of human resource management concerning in-house family ties: a traditional, pragmatic and informal logic which expresses an accepting view; and a modern, meritocratic and formal logic associated with a disapproving view. Moreover, the informal logic seems to be increasingly challenged by formalization of human resource processes in both urban and rural settings. However, the analysis indicates that in smaller labour markets this shift is somewhat restrained by the limited supply of labour and socially tight knit local communities. Also, it seems that the change often meets resistance from supporters of the informal logic, and there is dissonance across different professional groups across and within organizations.

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Rosenko, S. I., D. N. Verzilin, and V. V. Pyzh. "State and Trends of Development of Territorial Differentiation of Modern Labour Force." Discourse 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-1-94-104.

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Introduction. The current stage of social development is characterized by large-scale changes in the social composition of the economically active population. The transformation of its territorial differentiation has become one of the development vectors, and it is expressed in a new quantitative and qualitative ratio of the urban and rural labour force, structural features of territorial employment, general characteristics of regional labour markets, increasing income inequality, etc. The study of these social phenomena is a necessary condition for elabouration of the concept of sustainable and stable development of both different regions and the world community as a whole.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study was the classification of the territorial division of the population used by the International Labour Organization. There were analyzed and compiled the official statistics presented in the organization's reports. Descriptive statistics methods were applied. Regression analysis was used to establish a statistically significant relationship between the annual GDP growth rate per employee and the share of people employed in the service sector.Results and discussion. The global change in the state and trends of the development of territorial differentiation of the economically active population in the 20th century determined the need to correctly correlate the laws of world urbanization with its regional characteristics when analyzing the process itself and its results in countries of various types. This process has led to changes in the industrial, professional, property and gender parameters of the urban and rural labour market.Conclusion. An analysis of regional differences in the modern labour market revealed such trends as the growth of the urban economically active population, the predominance of the urban labour force over the rural, the predominant employment of the urban population in the service-producing sector of the economy, income inequality and access to work in urban and rural areas, differences in property status, gender inequality of the urban and rural labour forces, etc. Taking into account these characteristics should be a prerequisite for the development of the concept of sustainable and stable development of both individual regions and the world community as a whole.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural labour markets'

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