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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rural health services

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rural health services'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rural health services"

1

Mukherjee, Suneeta. "Rural health services." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 58, no. 4 (July 1991): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02750919.

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Perkins, David. "Integrating rural health services." Australian Journal of Rural Health 21, no. 6 (December 2013): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12083.

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Kumar, Anant. "Mental health services in rural India: challenges and prospects." Health 03, no. 12 (2011): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2011.312126.

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Tobin, Margaret J. "Rural Psychiatric Services." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 1 (February 1996): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076079.

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Objective: The objective was to describe and evaluate a community mental health service developed during 1991–1992 in an attempt to meet the mental illness needs of an isolated rural community. The setting was the Grampians health region in Western Victoria: this region has an area of 45,000 square kilo-metres and a population of 182,000. Method: The method involved firstly describing the evolution of the service delivery model. This comprised a team of travelling psychiatrists and community psychiatric nurses which succeeded in providing a combined inpatient and outpatient service which was integrated with general practitioners. Secondly, diagnostic and case load descriptions of patients receiving service were compared for both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Results: The results were that reduced reliance on inpatient beds and increased consumer satisfaction were achieved. Conclusion: It was concluded that on initial evaluation of the service it was seen to be meeting its objective of treating the seriously mentally ill in an isolated rural community based setting.

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Rohrer, James E., Joyce E. Beaulieu, and David E. Berry. "Rural Health Services: A Management Perspective." Journal of Public Health Policy 16, no. 3 (1995): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342870.

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Berry, David E., and John W. Seavey. "Assuring access to rural health services." Health Care Management Review 19, no. 2 (1994): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004010-199421000-00004.

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Mueller, Keith J. "Rural Health Services: A Management Perspective." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 20, no. 4 (1995): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-20-4-1081.

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Colon-Rivera, Hector, and Lisa B. Dixon. "Mental Health Services in Rural Areas." Psychiatric Services 71, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 984–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.71903.

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Straub, LaVonne A. "Financing Rural Health and Medical Services." Journal of Rural Health 6, no. 4 (October 1990): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1990.tb00683.x.

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Duncan, R. Paul. "Education for Rural Health Services Administration." Journal of Rural Health 6, no. 4 (October 1990): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1990.tb00688.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural health services"

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Sun, Xiao Ming. "Health access and health financing in rural China." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263121.

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Sandbulte, Natalie J. "Rural communities and mental health care." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0180.

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Beatty, Kate, Michael Meit, Emily Phillips, and Megan Heffernan. "Rural Health Departments: Capacity to Improve Communities' Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6838.

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Local health departments (LHD) serve a critical role in leveraging internal and community assets to improve health and equity in their communities; however, geography is an important factor when understanding LHD capacity and perspective. LHDs serve a critical role in leveraging internal and community assets to improve health and equity in their communities; however, geography is an important factor when understanding LHD capacity and perspective. Data were obtained from the NACCHO 2013 National Profile of Local Health Departments Study. LHDs were coded as “urban”, “micropolitan”, or “rural” based on Rural/Urban Commuting Area codes. Results demonstrate that rural LHDs differed from their urban counterparts. Specifically, rural LHDs relied more heavily on state and federal resources and have less access to local resources making them more sensitive to budget cuts. Rural LHDs also rely more heavily on clinical services as a revenue source. Larger rural LHDs provide more clinical services while urban health departments work more closely with community partners to provide important safety net services. Small rural LHDs have less partners and are unable to provide as many direct services due to their lack of human and financial resources. LHDs residing in urban communities were 16.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3-52.3) and micropolitan LHDs were 3.4 times (95% CI, 1.1-11.3) more likely to seek PHAB accreditation than rural LHDs.

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Eastman, Martha Anne. ""All for Health for All": The Local Dynamics of Rural Public Health in Maine, 1885-1950." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EastmanMA2006.pdf.

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Beatty, Kate, Michael Meit, Tyler Carpenter, Amal Khoury, and Paula Masters. "Clinical Service Delivery Disparities along the Urban/Rural Continuum." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6847.

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background: Rural communities face numerous health disparities related to health behaviors, health outcomes, and access to medical care. LHDs serving rural communities have fewer resources to meet their community needs. The number and types of community organizations (hospitals, health clinics, not-for-profits), available to partner with may be limited geographically. These factors may affect availability of clinical services in rural communities. This study will assess LHD clinical service delivery levels based on rurality. data sets and sources: Data were obtained from the NACCHO 2013 National Profile of Local Health Departments Study. LHDs were coded as “urban”, “micropolitan”, or “rural” based on Rural/Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Both “micropolitan” and “rural” categories are considered rural by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. analysis: Bivariate analysis for 25 clinical services offered by rurality . For each service, we compared the proportions of LHDs that: 1) directly performed, 2) contracted with organizations, and 3) reported that the service was provided independently by organizations in the community. principal findings: Analyses show significant differences in patterns of clinical services offered, contracted or provided by third parties based on rurality. LHDs in micropolitan areas provided more services directly than urban and rural LHDs (p≤0.001). Urban LHDs were more likely to contract with other organizations (p≤0.001). conclusions: Rural LHDs are less likely to offer, contract, or have services provided by another organization in the community, whereas larger rural (i.e., micropolitan) jurisdictions are more likely to directly provide these services. implications for public health practice and policy: Lower levels of clinical service delivery by rural LHDs may contribute to the access issues facing rural communities. Health care reform brings threats and opportunities for LHD clinical service delivery. Further analyses to assess impacts on rural LHDs and identify strategies to ensure access to clinical services is encouraged.

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Yan, Nicole, and 甄錦樺. "Exploring health in China's rural villages: apublic health field exercise." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46943821.

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Morrisey, Karyn Marie. "Access to health care services in rural ireland." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502767.

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Meit, Michael, Kate E. Beatty, and Megan Heffernan. "Exploring Service Composition and Financing Among Rural LHDs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6836.

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Billmeyer, Tina W. "Evaluation of a behavioral health integration program in a rural primary care facility." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=755.

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Beatty, Kate E., Nathan Hale, Michael Meit, Paula Masters, and Amal Khoury. "Clinical Service Delivery along the Urban/Rural Continuum." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6870.

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Background: Engagement in the core public health functions and ten essential services remains the standard for measuring local health department (LHD) performance; their role as providers of clinical services remains uncertain, particularly in rural and underserved communities. Purpose: To examine the role of LHDs as clinical service providers and how this role varies among rural and nonrural communities. Methods: The 2013 National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) Profile was used to examine the geographic distribution of clinical service provision among LHDs. LHDs were coded as urban, large rural, or small rural based on Rural/Urban Commuting Area codes. Bivariate analysis for clinical services was conducted by rural/urban status. For each service, the proportions of LHDs that directly performed the service, contracted with other organizations to provide the service, or reported provision of the service by independent organizations in the community was compared. Results: Analyses show significant differences in patterns of clinical services offered, contracted, or provided by others, based on rurality. LHDs serving rural communities, especially large rural LHDs, tend to provide more direct services than urban LHDs. Among rural LHDs, larger rural LHDs provided a broader array of services and reported more community capacity for delivery than small rural LHDs- particularly maternal and child health services. Implications: There are capacity differences between large and small rural LHDs. Limited capacity within small rural LHDs may result in providing less services, regardless of the availability of other providers within their communities. These findings provide valuable information on clinical service provision among LHDs, particularly in rural and underserved communities.

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Books on the topic "Rural health services"

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United States. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, ed. Health services research on rural health. Rockville, Md: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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United States. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research., ed. Health services research on rural health. Rockville, MD (Executive Center, 2101 E. Jefferson St., Suite 501, Rockville 20852): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1992.

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T, Coward Raymond, ed. Health services for rural elders. New York: Springer, 1994.

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Harris, Val. Rural inequalities training pack. Thirsk: North Yorkshire Forum for Voluntary Organisations, 1998.

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E, Beaulieu Joyce, and Berry David E, eds. Rural health services: A management perspective. Ann Arbor, Mich: AUPHA Press/Health Administration Press, 1994.

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Papua New Guinea. National Parliament. Permanent Parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts. Parliamentary report on rural health services. Papua New Guinea]: Permanent Parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts, 2011.

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7

Ralph, Jones L., and Parlour Richard R, eds. Psychiatric services for underserved rural populations. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1985.

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8

Goel, S. L. Rural health education. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2008.

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Ali, Osman. Rural health: The way forward. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 2010.

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10

Jennissen, Therese. Health issues in rural Canada. Ottawa: Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rural health services"

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Levin, Bruce Lubotsky, and Ardis Hanson. "Rural Behavioral Health Services." In Women’s Behavioral Health, 151–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58293-6_7.

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Levin, Bruce Lubotsky, and Ardis Hanson. "Rural Behavioral Health Services." In Foundations of Behavioral Health, 301–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18435-3_14.

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Levin, Bruce Lubotsky, and Ardis Hanson. "Rural Mental Health Services." In Handbook of Rural Health, 241–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3310-5_14.

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Mulder, Pamela L., Robert Jackson, and Sarah Jarvis. "Services in Rural Areas." In A Public Health Perspective of Women’s Mental Health, 313–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1526-9_16.

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Hu, Yi. "Mobile Medical Services." In Rural Health Care Delivery, 151–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39982-4_14.

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Hu, Yi. "Guidelines for Health Care Services." In Rural Health Care Delivery, 83–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39982-4_9.

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Hu, Yi. "Cooperative Medical Services in Rural Areas." In Rural Health Care Delivery, 157–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39982-4_15.

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Montgomery, Phyllis, Cheryl Forchuk, Carolyne Gorlick, and Rick Csiernik. "12. Rural Women’s Strategies for Seeking Mental Health and Housing Services." In Rural Women's Health, 233–50. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442662513-014.

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Morrissey, Karyn, Dimitris Ballas, Graham Clarke, Stephen Hynes, and Cathal O’Donoghue. "Spatial Access to Health Services." In Spatial Microsimulation for Rural Policy Analysis, 213–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30026-4_12.

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Roberts, James E., Meredith E. Thomley, Manoj Sharma, and Vinayak K. Nahar. "Worldwide Rural Dermatology Health Services Research." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 161–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75984-1_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rural health services"

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Nanda, Ipseeta, Tahia Tazin, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan, Tabia Hossain, Rajesh Dey, and H. M. Arifur Rahman. "DIGITAL HEALTHCARE (E-HEALTH) SERVICES IN BANGLADESH AND CHALLENGES." In TOPICS IN INTELLIGENT COMPUTING AND INDUSTRY DESIGN (ICID). Volkson Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icpesd.03.2022.234.239.

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Bangladesh is a rapidly developing South Asian country with a massive population. Around 70% of Bangladesh’s population lives in rural regions, making immediate access to healthcare extremely challenging. Doctors and healthcare-related services are in short supply in Bangladesh’s rural areas. For which e-Health service is very important in Bangladesh especially in rural parts of the nation. As a result, endeavors are being made to improve e-health services in Bangladesh step by step and also e-health services are being given through different portable applications. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the current condition of e-health services in Bangladesh and to identify the issues that it faces. To accomplish this goal, the main challenges of e-health services are identified, and arrangements of these issues are contemplated. An online-based survey has also been conducted to identify the current situation of e-health in Bangladesh. The aftereffects of the survey show that 70% of people know about e-Health services, 55.9% of people utilize this service regularly, and currently, 67.4% of people are satisfied with the services of e-health organizations in Bangladesh. Because of that a few challenges of e-Health services and exhortation to overcome these difficulties are given in this paper.

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Po-Hsun Cheng, Jer-Junn Luh, Ming-Fong Shyu, Heng-Shuen Chen, Sao-Jie Chen, Jin-Shin Lai, and Feipei Lai. "A Healthcare Pattern Collection for Rural Telemedicine Services." In HEALTHCOM 2006 8th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2006.246424.

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MERKYS, Gediminas, Daiva BUBELIENE, and Nijolė ČIUČIULKIENĖ. "SATISFACTION OF RURAL POPULATION WITH PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REGIONS: ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.154.

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The key idea of the well-being concept strives to answer the question about how well the needs of people in a society are met in different spheres of social life - the physical, economic, social, educational, environmental, emotional, and spiritual – as well as individuals’ evaluations of their own lives and the way that their society operates (Gilbert, Colley, Roberts, 2016). One of the possible suggestions for answering the question: “How well are the needs of people in a society met?” could be the monitoring of citizen’s satisfaction with public services while applying a standardized questionnaire for population covering 193 primary indicators (health, social security, culture, public transport, utilities, environment, recreation and sport, public communication, education, etc). Even 23 indicators are about education that makes educational services a considerable part of all social service system. As the researchers aimed to analyze satisfaction of rural population with public services stressing the education issue, indicators about education dominated in the survey. The data were collected in 2016 - 2017 in 2 regional municipalities: municipalities: Jonava and Radviliskis (N=2368). The results of the analysis demonstrate that rural residents' satisfaction with formal general education services is relatively high. The only negative exception is the "the placement of a child in a pre-school institution based on the place of residence". Furthermore, rural residents poorly evaluated educational services that are related to non-formal education, adult education, the education of children with disabilities, child safety, meaningful xtracurricular activities of children and young people during all day, preventive programs. These major conclusions let the researchers state that local self-governmental institutions are not capable to cope with the quality challenges of some educational services without special intervention policy of the central government and the EU responsible structural units. A negative impact is also reinforced by a rapidly deteriorating demographic situation in Lithuanian rural areas.

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Shuliang, Zhao. "Health Services Workforce in Rural China: Baseline Description." In 2014 International Conference on Public Management (ICPM-2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm-14.2014.56.

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Venkateswarlu, D. S., K. S. Verma, and K. S. R. A. Murthy. "e Health networking to cater to Rural Health Care and Health Care for the Aged." In 2007 9th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Application and Services. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2007.381649.

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Montalban, Joselito M., and Alvin B. Marcelo. "Information and communications technology needs assessment of Philippine rural health physicians." In 2008 10th International Conference on e-health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2008.4600123.

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Masi, Massimiliano, Rosario Pugliese, and Francesco Tiezzi. "A standard-driven communication protocol for disconnected clinics in rural areas." In 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2011.6026770.

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Nedelcheva, Nataliya. "HEALTH AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.238.

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Maintaining a level of health services and creating conditions for sustainable development is a mandatory societal and ethical imperative, given the multifaceted and multi-layered influence. The thesis of the study is that the quality of health services and the resource potential of the regions can be used as an opportunity to bring the economy of the regions to life and improve the quality of life in them. The aim of the report is to reflect the link between the level of health and the development of the economy of the regions. To this end, the report draws attention to how improving the quality of health services and the high-tech health process can affect the region's economy and use health tourism as a tool for regional economic development and quality of life improvement.

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Quraishy, Z. B. "Revolutionalizing Rural Health Care Delivery Using Improved Health Information Systems - A Case from Indian Scenario." In HEALTHCOM 2006 8th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2006.246425.

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Essien, Eyo E., and Edem E. Williams. "E-health services in rural communities in the developing countries." In Technology (ICAST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icastech.2009.5409722.

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Reports on the topic "Rural health services"

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Mendoza, Irma, and Ricardo Vernon. Promoting reproductive health services in rural communities in Honduras. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1160.

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Walker, Samantha, Tomoko McGaughey, and Paul Peters. Spatial models of access to health and care services in rural and remote Canada: a scoping review protocol. Spatial Determinants of Health Lab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/rrep/2023.sdhl.606.

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Objective: The objective of this review is to determine the scope of spatial modelling approaches used to evaluate geographic access to health and care services in rural Canada. Introduction: Canada’s health and social policy agenda has made the requirement for equal access to primary and secondary health services for rural populations a key priority. Most rural health research in Canada has focused on measuring patterns of health outcomes or modelling geographic access to a narrow range of services, health conditions, or within specific regions. This scoping review will provide an in depth look at the spatial modelling currently being used to evaluate the barriers and facilitators for access to health and care services and will provide direction for further research. Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that include any person accessing health and care services in Canada, focusing on those who reside in rural or remote communities, or access health services in those areas. Methods: Published primary studies, reviews, opinion papers, reports, theses, and dissertations published in English or French across all dates will be searched in databases including CINAHL via EBSCO, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science and Dissertations and Theses Global. Following the search, all titles and abstracts will then be assessed against the inclusion criteria for the review. Potentially relevant papers will be assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria. The data extracted will include geographic location, service under study, analytic methodology, data included, and specifics of the spatial models employed.

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Evans, William N., Kim Beomsoo, and Julian P. Cristia. Does Contracting-Out Primary Care Services Work?: The Case of Rural Guatemala. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011344.

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This paper estimates the impact of a large-scale contracting-out program in Guatemala, using two waves of living standard measurement surveys which collected data before and after the expansion of the program and exploiting variation in the timing of the program to estimate treatment effects. Results indicate large program impacts on immunization rates for children and prenatal care provider choices. The program increases substantially the role of physician and nurses as prenatal care providers at the expense of traditional midwives. There is no evidence of effects in family planning outcomes. Taken together these results suggest a potential effective role of contracting-out in the provision of health care.

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Lampley, Katrice, and Nicole Therrien. Rural Arizona Medication Therapy Management (RAzMTM) Program Field Notes. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.)., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:126172.

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These Field Notes summarize the Rural Arizona Medication Therapy Management (RAzMTM) Program’s work toward assessing the effectiveness of telehealth pharmacy services in improving health indicators for people who are medically underserved, managing chronic disease, and reducing adverse drug events in patients.

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Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.

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Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.

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Reddy, P. H. A qualitative study of quality of care in rural Karnataka. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1018.

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The Third Five-Year Plan (1961–66) aimed at reducing the crude birth rate in India to 25 per 1,000 population by 1973, however this goal has not been achieved. Several other demographic goals were set later, to be achieved by specified years, but they were deferred or revised. One major reason for the failure to achieve these goals was thought to be the lack of adequate infrastructural facilities for the family welfare program, thus it was decided to improve the institution–population ratio. The primary objective of this study is to assess the quality of interaction between clients and providers, and the quality of family welfare services. More specifically, the study examines how family welfare program personnel interact with clients in a given setting, the quality of interaction, how frequently such interaction takes place, the provider's view of, and satisfaction with, the information and quality of family welfare services provided, and the client's view of, and satisfaction with, the information and quality of family welfare services received. The focus of the investigation is on the family welfare program—the maternal and child health and family planning programs.

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Puerta, Juan Manuel, Maria Elena Corrales, and Lourdes Alvarez. Approach Paper: Sustainability of Water and Sanitation Interventions in Rural Areas. Water Supply and Sanitation Program for Small Communities. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010569.

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The objective of the evaluation is to measure the sustainability of the Bank's interventions in the supply of water and sanitation services financed by the Water Supply and Sanitation Program for Small Communities (PR-0118). The evaluation starts by considering that, in order to achieve the development goals associated with the expansion of water and sanitation services, the sustainability of these services-understood as the long-term maintenance of the quality of the service provided in the interventions-must be guaranteed at the technical, financial, and operational level. Once this quality can be sustained over time, it will be possible to improve the population¿s conditions, particularly in terms of health indicators. Accordingly, the evaluation seeks to identify the factors and good practices that can be correlated with higher levels of sustainability of the systems that were constructed. The scope of the evaluation includes 100 water and sanitation interventions in rural communities financed by the program in the eastern region of Paraguay.

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García Prado, Ariadna. How to Change Behavior to Improve Maternal and Neonatal Health in Rural Areas of Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010666.

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The objective of this paper is to review the most relevant, recent and rigorous literature on strategies to promote changes in demand for maternal and neonatal health services in rural areas of Latin America and to identify the strategies with most impact and lowest cost. The evidence shows that: i) covering direct expenses increases the use of prenatal care and institutional delivery and appears to be costeffective; ii) community interventions have positive impacts on indicators related to social norms (contraceptive use and institutional delivery); iii) monetary incentives have moderate impacts on use of prenatal care but lead to very few changes in institutional delivery or contraceptive use, while non-monetary incentives do increase institutional delivery at a much lower cost; iv) sending reminders to women could increase the use of prenatal and postpartum visits in a cost-effective way; and v) postpartum and puerperium visits need to be promoted.

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Thomas, Kelsey L., Elizabeth A. Dobis, and David A. McGranahan. nature of the rural-urban mortality gap. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8321813.ers.

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The 2019 age-adjusted natural-cause mortality (NCM) rate for the prime working-age population (aged 25-54) was 43 percent higher in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas than in urban (metropolitan) areas. This is a shift from 25 years ago when NCM rates in urban and rural areas were similar for this age group. As a first step to understanding the increasing gap between rural and urban NCM rates, this report examines natural (disease-related) deaths for prime working-age adults in rural and urban areas between 1999 and 2019 using data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiology Research (WONDER). Prime working-age NCM rates are examined for the population as a whole, as well as by sex, race and ethnicity, region, and State. Overall, both an increase in the rural, prime working-age NCM rates and a decrease in the corresponding urban rates are contributing to the growing mortality gap.--

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Thomas, Kelsey L., Elizabeth A. Dobis, and David A. McGranahan. nature of the rural-urban mortality gap. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024/8321813.ers.

Full text

Abstract:

The 2019 age-adjusted natural-cause mortality (NCM) rate for the prime working-age population (aged 25-54) was 43 percent higher in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas than in urban (metropolitan) areas. This is a shift from 25 years ago when NCM rates in urban and rural areas were similar for this age group. As a first step to understanding the increasing gap between rural and urban NCM rates, this report examines natural (disease-related) deaths for prime working-age adults in rural and urban areas between 1999 and 2019 using data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiology Research (WONDER). Prime working-age NCM rates are examined for the population as a whole, as well as by sex, race and ethnicity, region, and State. Overall, both an increase in the rural, prime working-age NCM rates and a decrease in the corresponding urban rates are contributing to the growing mortality gap.--

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