Journal articles: 'Rural environment in Morocco'

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Taouraout, A., A. Chahlaoui, M. Sadki, A. Maliki, M. Khaffou, and D. Belghyti. "Sustainable Sanitation: an appropriate solution in rural areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1090, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1090/1/012011.

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Abstract In Morocco, reuse of treated wastewater can reduce the negative effects of drought in the agricultural sector. However, it is necessary to adopt a sustainable sanitation in order to reduce the risk of this type of water on public health and environment. This new sanitation concept is based on the principle of separation, recovery and reuse of wastewater and taking in consideration the social, economic, environmental, and institutional of the local conditions. The aim of this article is: to give the main results of a survey conducted in 2017 at Dayet Ifrah village which housed the first pilot ecological sanitation project in Morocco concerning appreciation and attitude of the population towards this new system of sanitation; and on the other hand to study the efficiency of a pilot scale system composed on three filters used to treat domestic wastewater coming from a single house in Meknes. In general, ecological sanitation is appreciated by the population of the village and showed its effectiveness to improve sanitation in Moroccan context. The pilot scale system proved his effectiveness to trait organic pollution and nutrients, faecal pollution and parasites.

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Taouraout, Aziz, Abdelkader Chahlaoui, Khadija Ouarrak, Hicham Aaziz, and Driss Belghyti. "Ecological sanitation a new approach to protect public health and environment in rural areas of Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 319 (2021): 01065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131901065.

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Wastewater and human excreta are threatening the quality of groundwater and watercourses in rural areas of Morocco. The new sanitation approach that has advantage to solve the problems of pathogens of human waste at source and offering the possibility of reusing them after treatment is called Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) could be an alternative solution to the conventional one. It is in this perspective that our study made an investigation on economic, ecological, sustainable sanitation techniques adapted to the Moroccan context. Indeed, a survey was carried out at Dayet Ifrah village to assess the population appreciation of the EcoSan structures installed. Survey results showed that these structures have been generally accepted by almost all users and non-users (95%). On the other hand, a pilot-scale system composed by two types of filters (vertical constructed wetland and vertical Multi-Soil-Layering) have been installed in order to treat domestic wastewater coming from a single household and their performance was evaluated. The filters showed good performance to remove organic pollution (> 84.5%) and orthophosphate (> 68%). The reduction of ammonium were 84.5% and 35.3% for vertical Multi-Soil-Layering and vertical constructed wetland, respectively. The quality of the wastewater treated was evaluated in accordance with the standard of the rejection limit value adopted by Morocco.

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Lamiae, Fadili, Rhouni Raja, and Derdar Mohammed. "Empowered Voices: The Experiences of Left-Behind Women in Rural Morocco." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 4, no. 3 (June 11, 2024): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.4.3.13.

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Our comprehensive interviews and observational research highlight a crucial disparity between established theories of empowerment, such as those by Naila Kabeer, and the perspectives of left-behind women in rural Morocco. This gap underscores the need to bridge academic discourse with the real-life experiences of these women. Our study aims to develop a theoretical framework that explains these differences, emphasizing previously overlooked factors. Specifically, our findings reveal the significant role of family ties and the importance of creating an environment for dignified living—elements often marginalized in empowerment discussions. This nuanced understanding is essential for evolving the concept of empowerment to better reflect the realities of these women.

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Amiar, Latifa, Sara Boukhorb, Soumaia Hmimou, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Abdelrhani Mokhtari, and Rachida Soulaymani-Bencheikh. "Profil Épidémiologique Des Avortements Provoqués Au Maroc (1992/2014)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p406.

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On the set of the poisonings brought together in the the Moroccan Anti Poison Control Center (MPCC) for a period spread on 22ans (1992/2014), 169 cases of abortion caused by poisoning were recorded. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiological characteristics and to determine the specific lethality of abortions caused in Morocco between 1992 and 2014 by basing itself on a retrospective study of the cases of abortions. During this period 169 cases of abortion caused by poisoning were declared to the MPCC by means of telephone and mail, the region which knew the maximum of the cases is Rabat Salé Zemmour Zair, the environment rural prevail the risks of abortion with 90 %, the average age was 28,09±11,81, the evolution is generally positive.

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El Arabi, Boualou, and Zahi Farid. "The uses of mobile phones and Gifts in marriage in rural Moroccan communities in light of electric energy consumption: Interactive analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 412 (2023): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341201054.

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In an unprecedented global environment marked by energy dependence. Access to electricity in rural Moroccan areas revolutionizing everyday life and ways of social interaction. So that, the uses of mobile phone become normal and more important. This study aims to explore, in light of the importance of access to electricity and mobile phone’s uses, the role of the Gift in the consolidation of the social relationships on marriage occasions in Moroccan rural communities; by prioritizing the families’ point of view. Based on comprehensive biographical interview; it has been performed during 3 months (June; July and August 2022; because it’s the wedding period after the crops-gathering seasons); with 15 families in rural area in south East of Morocco. The verbatim was content analyzed. It allowed us to detect two levels: the first one is based on descriptive logic in relation to families view; indicating the importance of marriage in village knowledge’s as well as the role of electric energy and mobile phone in their daily lives. While the second is building on an interactionism standpoint and shedding light on redefinition of social relationships. Results show; on one hand, the importance of electric energy, and on the other hand; marriage as practice governed by social norms that recreate cohesion between families through ritual such as gifts witch have seen a big retreat due to the mobile phone uses.

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Zogaam Gharbi, Loubna, Morad Guennouni, and Mahjoub Aouane. "Factors influencing the choice to buy food products in Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400035.

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The article looks at the different factors that go into the subject of buying food products in Morocco. The latter, is undergoing a food transformation affecting the urban and rural environment. The recent changes in the choice of purchasing products by Moroccan citizens have created in the country a favorable framework for the development of territorial products. This is a descriptive study based on a questionnaire and conducted over a period of 2 months, subjects with a sample size of 180 respondents are randomly recruited on social networks. The results show that consumers are now interested in where they buy food, the quality of the products and the cost/quality ratio in these places. This study also states that despite the importance of product price to the consumer, quality is the factor most sought after by the consumer. This leads to an obligation on the part of consumers to industrialists to integrate food products with high nutritional values and to use ingredients that do not cause a danger to human health.

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Bouichou, El, Tahirou Abdoulaye, Khalil Allali, Abdelghani Bouayad, and Aziz Fadlaoui. "Entrepreneurial Intention among Rural Youth in Moroccan Agricultural Cooperatives: The Future of Rural Entrepreneurship." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 9247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169247.

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Rural entrepreneurship in the developing world has long been hailed as a powerful tool for promoting the socioeconomic integration of young people and the key to avoiding rural depopulation as well as ensuring these areas remain attractive places for rural youth. However, there have been no efforts to investigate the role of collective entrepreneurship in the creation and management of new businesses in Morocco. Furthermore, we build on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate and explain entrepreneurial intention among the rural youth members of agricultural cooperatives, and identify the vulnerabilities and factors that influence the choice or decision-making between permanent membership at the cooperative and an entrepreneurial career. In this case, we apply the cognitive approach to survey rural youth in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco in 2020. The binary logistic regression analysis technique has been used and applied to build the best model to explain why some rural youth members of the cooperative, but not others, choose to become entrepreneurs. We model how agricultural cooperatives may favor or inhibit the translation of entrepreneurial intention into new venture creation. A random sample size of 130 young people has been selected, from which 54 are intending to start a business and 76 have a negative intention of self-employment. The results of the analysis showed that socio-demographic variables, individual perceptions, previous experience, and the activities of the cooperative were statistically significant and reliable in building the binary logistic regression model. Findings also suggest that the risks of agribusiness and financing constraints have a negative influence on entrepreneurial intentions of the youth and women in agricultural cooperatives.

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Soussi, Halima, Lahcen Bahi, Latifa Ouadif, Mohamed Chibout, Brahim Aghazzaf, Jada El Kasri, and Imane Jaouda. "Geophysical prospecting in the Doukkala area (Swalah commune) in Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 150 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015003008.

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The collapse of the subsoil creates a risk for the population whether it is urban or rural. Each year, the damage caused by these collapses has considerable socio-economic consequences, and the damage costs are very high. Thus, the detection of these areas of collapse in urban and rural areas is important to prevent and avoid socio-economic consequences, and to establish a preventive risk planning to have a better protection of people and goods. The commune of Swalah, study area, belongs to the province of El Jadida which is part of those areas of Doukkala exposed to the risk of collapse due to the presence of underground cavities. These cavities are potentially dangerous for humans, especially in urban areas. They have different extensions that can be caused by natural or anthropic origin. Their size, as well as the physical properties of the external environment in which they are located, allow the use of different geophysical methods. The use of these geophysical methods is the best to detect and delineate cavities in this region. The present study was based on a geophysical compaign of vertical electrical soundings. Indeed, 50 electrical soundings were modeled and reinterpreted and allowed to detect and delineate any potential cavities in the region.

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Aboulkacem, Amina. "Sexual harassment among educators and learners in rural high schools in Morocco: A case story." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 5 (2023): 098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.85.17.

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Sexual harassment remains a pressing issue in sensitive realms such as educational settings, with high schools being particularly vulnerable environments. This case study delves into the disturbing reality of sexual harassment among educators and learners alike in a specific high school that is situated in the suburbs of the historical town of Meknes, Morocco. In order to shed light on the detrimental consequences of this critical issue for all stakeholders involved, the study employs a qualitative research design; data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis to explore the experiences of the parties involved. The aim behind this study is to reveal the intrinsic causes and side effects that lead some educators to molest some of their students inside the “sacred realm” of school. Moreover, the case story highlights the lasting impact of sexual harassment on victims' mental health and academic performance, as well as the broader repercussions on the school community. Before emphasizing the need for policies and training in high schools to combat this pervasive issue and promote inclusive learning environment, wherein educators and learners can thrive without fear of harassment and to nurture a culture of respect, equity, and dignity for all. The findings unveil a number of themes for analysis and the generation of final results.

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El Hammioui, Y., H. Anarghou, ML Belghiti, T. Hachi, D. Elhamdouni, C. Laiboud, H. Essabiri, O. Boumalkha, M. Khaffou, and E. H. Abba. "Evaluation of the metallic and bacteriological quality of well water in Khenifra province (Morocco)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1090, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1090/1/012031.

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Abstract Water contaminated by microorganisms and chemical molecules is a cause of disease for humans and the environment. For this reason, we have assessed the microbiological quality and metallic trace elements of groundwater used by the rural population of the Khenifra province, Morocco. Two groundwater sampling campaigns were carried out during the period February/August 2021, studying physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and ph. Then, the metallic trace elements were analyzed: lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). In addition, the samples taken for the bacteriological study were filtered and introduced in a growth medium for the research and enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic germs vary from 1 to 30.103CFUs/ml, total coliforms (1 to 3x102 CFUs/100ml), Escherichia Coli(1 to 3x102 CFUs/100ml)and intestinal enterococci(1 to 290 CFUs/100ml). The analysis was carried out according to the recommendations of Moroccan standards. It is interesting to note that the groundwater in the Khenifra region is contaminated with pollutants and can cause a health risk for the inhabitants.

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Laaribya, Said. "Analysis of the Non-Wood Forest Products Sector in Morocco - Case Study: The Itzer Forest." SilvaWorld 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v2i2.5.

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Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) are wild plant and animal products harvested from forests. The aim of this study is to present a qualitative diagnosis, based on a qualitative value chain approach, of the use of NWFPs in the Itzer rural forest environment. The survey result based on -participatory workshops indicated that three categories of non-wood products (Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP), Beekeeping, and Agro-pastoral sector) represent an essential source of income to the local population. Without NWFPs valuation, it is necessary to effectively manage and conserve NWFPs populations, by adopting appropriate management practices that can mitigate negative impacts. The contribution that NWFPs can make to the livelihoods of rural populations has encouraged the idea that more intensive management for these products could contribute to sustainable development and conservation objectives.

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Hdidou, Meryem, Mohamed Chaker Necibi, Jérôme Labille, Souad El Hajjaji, Driss Dhiba, Abdelghani Chehbouni, and Nicolas Roche. "Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010156.

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Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is currently considered a possible solution to mitigate water shortage and pollution problems. In recent years, Morocco has made significative progress in urban wastewater treatment under the National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation has undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas is investigated in this review, considering the region’s economic, social, and regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a simple, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that has yet to be fully explored in Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear to be suitable for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in remote rural areas if they can produce effluent that meets the standards of agricultural irrigation. In this review, 29 studies covering 16 countries and different types of wastewater were collected and studied to assess the treatment efficiency of different types of CWs under different design and operational parameters, as well as their potential application in agricultural reuse. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of conventional contamination such as organic matter and suspended solids is generally high. CWs also demonstrated a remarkable capacity to remove heavy metals and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. The removal of microbial contamination, on the other hand, is challenging, and does not satisfy the standards all the time. However, it can be improved using hybrid constructed wetlands or by adding polishing treatment. In addition, several studies reported that CWs managed to produce effluent that met the requirements of wastewater reuse in agriculture of different countries or organisations including Morocco.

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Ghariz, G., N. Boucetta, S. Boubih, M. Al Alaoui, R. Janati Idrissi, and H. Seghir. "The Initial Conceptions of Students in the Teaching Practice of Life and Earth Sciences Teachers in Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 412 (2023): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341201013.

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This study aims to describe the learning environment that can influence the construction of scientific concepts among Moroccan students. It focuses on the role of students’ initial conceptions in the teaching practice of Life and Earth Science (LES) teachers in Morocco. To conduct this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of collected data using a multiple-choice questionnaire, which aimed to understand the characteristics of the target group and the techniques employed to gather students’ initial conceptions of the ecosystem, as well as their declared and actual teaching practices. To compare our results, we considered two contexts: rural and urban, where the teachers operate. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that a majority of the surveyed teachers start by identifying students’ initial conceptions before approaching the teaching process. Additionally, the study found that debate and diagnostic testing are the most commonly utilized techniques for identifying and addressing students’ initial conceptions of the ecosystem. Furthermore, this analysis revealed that teachers do not take students’ conceptions into account when preparing the ecosystem learning sequence.

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IDRISSI, Latifa HAFDI. "Examining the Social Situation of Rural Women in Taounate Province, Northern Morocco." Feminist Research 7, no. 1 (December 3, 2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.23070104.

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Gender inequality remains a pervasive problem, with cultural, traditional and ideological factors as well as religious interpretations, contributing to differences and inequalities between men and women. These differences can lead to gender disparities in the division of labor and the undervaluation of women’s contributions in various aspects of life. This study aims to explore the social situation of rural women in Morocco, with a particular focus on the Taounate Province in the country’s northern region. The paper investigates whether rural women and girls have been adequately considered in governmental actions and development initiatives, and if so, whether these initiatives effectively benefit them. Additionally, the study assesses how these actions may contribute to or hinder the success of development in rural areas. Ultimately, this research sheds light on the challenges and opportunities are faced by rural women in Taounate Province and provide insights into potential solutions to address the gender disparities that continue to exist in these communities.

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Belahsen, Rekia, Mohamed Mziwira, and Fatima Fertat. "Anthropometry of women of childbearing age in Morocco: body composition and prevalence of overweight and obesity." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 4 (June 2004): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003570.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution of Moroccan women of childbearing age, using a panel of anthropometric measurements.Design and setting:A cross-sectional survey conducted in 1995 in an agricultural community, El Jadida province of Morocco. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and triceps, biceps, subscapular and supra-iliac skinfold thicknesses were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), sum of all and sum of trunk skinfold thicknesses were determined.Subjects:In total, 1269 women aged 15–49 years from urban and rural areas were surveyed.Results:The means of all anthropometric measurements including body fat were higher in urban than in rural women and increased with age. Trunk fat contributed 50% of total fat. Globally, 4.7% of women were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg m−2), 35.2% were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2), 10.1% were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2) and 16.8% had central obesity (WHR > 0.85). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in the urban than in the rural area. Underweight prevalence decreased with age, whereas that of overweight and obesity increased. All anthropometric parameters adjusted for age increased with the increase of BMI and WHR.Conclusions:Although undernutrition is still prevalent, there is an alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity in Moroccan women of childbearing age. The results indicate a shift in this country from the problem of dietary deficiency to the problem of dietary excess, and alert one to the necessity of establishing an intervention to prevent obesity-related diseases. It is necessary to address which of the anthropometric variables studied here is the best predictor of obesity-related diseases in this population.

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Bouras, N., A. Tahri, S. Ammor, A. Baali, and F. Tahiri. "Nutritional and environmental risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Morocco." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 15535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15535.

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15535 Background: The nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high incidence in north Africa and in southeast Asia. The goal of this study is to analyze the implication of nutritional and environmental factors in the raise of this cancer. Methods: It is a retrospective investigation with 274 affected by the NPC and 394 witnesses. Results: The nasopharyngeal carcinoma affects mens more then womens with a sex ratio of 1.8. We observed a peak between 20 and 29 years with the women and between 40 and 49 years with the men. We noted also a high frequency of the young population touched by this disease: 10.5% less than 20 years old, which was also observed in Tunisia, Algeria and Sudan while the young patients are rarerly affected in the Asian southeast. The patients have mostly rural origin with agricultural parents, having lived during their childhood in precarious habitat and hygiene conditions and with an instruction level generally low, often without function or exercising in the primary or secondary sector. The study of nutritional and environmental risk factors showed a statistically meaningful relation between this cancer and some factors bound to the food: consumption of pickle, of smen (butter fermented), and to the environment: life in agricultural environment, practice of the farm, absence of drinkable water and contact with toxic substances. Conclusions: It seems that the exposition to environmental risk factors could increase the risk to contract this cancer, especially with the already exposed persons to nutritional risk factors. We observed a territorial variability of the exposition to the NPC risk factors that explains the gradient south north of the incidence of this cancer in Morocco. The results of this study show the complexity of factors being able to take to a cancerogenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Kamari, Salim, Abdelhak Bourjila, Mohammad Ghalit, Abdelhadi Makan, and Hossain El Ouarghi. "Nitrogenous Compound Exposure in Unsanitary Rural Environments: A Case Study from Al Hoceima Province, Northern Morocco." BIO Web of Conferences 115 (2024): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411504001.

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Groundwater is a crucial drinking water resource for rural communities; however, the absence of adequate monitoring programs in these regions often results in uncertainties about groundwater quality. This study focuses on assessing the impact of nitrogen compounds from domestic wastewater on groundwater in rural communities within the province of Al Hoceima. The hydrochemistry of 33 groundwater samples was analyzed using various methods, including descriptive statistics, the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), the Chronic Health Risk Index (CHR), and a GIS-based spatial analysis. The investigation revealed significant contamination by nitrogen compounds in regions characterized by high population density. In these areas, nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations exceeded 50 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l, respectively, surpassing the WHO recommended limits. Notably, NO3- levels ranged from 0 to 89.63 mg/l, with 84.84% of groundwater samples contained more than 10 mg/l. The NPI values ranged from -1 to 3.48, with 33.33% of the samples were categorized as significantly and very significantly polluted. Additionally, CHR values ranged from 0 to 2.43 for adults, 0 to 2.03 for children, and 0 to 2.51 for infants. The CHR values exceeded 1 suggests that the contamination observed in the samples can be attributed to the widespread use of septic tanks in densely populated regions. Thus, to ensure the safety of rural communities, further assessments of health risks are mandatory.

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Abid, Mohammed, Oumzaienb Bertiaa, Mustapha Belfaquir, and Mustapha Hafid. "L’intelligence Emotionelle Chez Les Apprenants De L’ecole Primaire : Cas Du Niveau 6ème Aep (Maroc)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 10 (April 29, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p32.

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At school, the learner is confronted with a group of classmates, peers, rules of life and an environment that generates potential emotions. School is the ideal place to develop the learner’s emotional intelligence. At Moroccan primary schools, learning the emotional intelligence is still underdeveloped, even if professionals and those in charge of education are increasingly aware of its importance. The child is unable to put his emotional life in standby. Without guidance and support, it will be difficult for him to face and handle certain emotions; for instance, those he can experience in the family circle and at school, such as fear before hardships, failure and ridicule. The same applies for timidity before the adult and the group, lack of confidence and, on the contrary, impulsiveness, extroversion, egocentricity, intolerance, aggression, etc. This work of research aims to explore the emotional repertoire of the learners of the 6th AEP (Morocco) in three areas: urban, peri-urban and rural. This study was conducted based on the analysis of the results of a survey consisting of the following five emotional skills: self-consciousness, management of the emotions, relationship with the others, parental relationship and school performance.

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Fatima-Ezzahra, Fathallah, Algouti Ahmed, and Algouti Abdellah. "Remote Sensing: Mapping of Drought Risk Areas in the Chichaoua Basin of the High Atlas (MarrakechMorocco) using the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using Landsat Data from 1984 To 2020." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 04 (2022): 1673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.001.

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Drought is a complex natural phenomenon and does not have a precise definition. Thus, drought indicates the most frequent risk in the history of Morocco with negative consequences on the environment and the economy of the country. Indeed, the different regions of Morocco have experienced periods of intense drought in recent decades characterized by a decrease in rainfall and a trend towards higher temperatures. The Chichaoua watershed, which is part of the High Atlas with a semi-arid climate, has been exposed to drought episodes several times in recent years. Its effects can have negative impact on agriculture, water resources and immigration of the rural population. This study aims at characterizing the climatic drought at the level of the Chichaoua basin. It is based on the calculation of NDVI to have the calculation of the Vegetation Condition Index VCI, which also indicate the severe and sustainable nature of the drought in this area. This index was calculated using GIS, QGis and Arc Gis, and Landsat satellite imagery scenes. After a comparative study of these years from 1984 to 2020, the evolution of the VCI index was highlighted.

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Park, Seup, Narae Moon, Byungkwon Oh, Miyeon Park, Kilho Kang, Ilham Sentissi, and Sung-Heui Bae. "Improving Treatment Adherence with Integrated Patient Management for TB Patients in Morocco." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 9991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199991.

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In Morocco, there are challenges in the management of high-risk tuberculosis (TB) patients, including paper-based management and a shortage of healthcare workers related to TB. Additionally, TB management has not been accounted for in various patient types, which affects treatment adherence. This study aims to examine the delivery model of TB management and the outcomes of an integrated patient management system that uses a patient-centered and community-based approach, along with mobile health technology. A total of 3605 TB patients were enrolled in this program in Morocco’s five prefectures (Rabat, Salé, Kénitra, Khemisset, Skhirat–Témara) from January 2018 to December 2019. Patients were managed based on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, areas (rural or urban), health literacy levels, and distance to primary health centers. Our mobile health intervention “smart pillbox” was interposed with high-risk TB patients, along with patient education. The rate of successful treatment was 92.2%, which was higher than the national rate (88%). The “lost to follow-up” rate was 4.1%, which was significantly lower than the existing non-adherence rate of 7.9%. Therefore, integrated patient management for TB patients in Morocco is more effective than the existing conventional programs. This comprehensive approach provides an alternative method for countries with limited resources.

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Aziz, Faissal, Laila Mandi, Abdellatif Boussaid, Fatima Boraam, and Naaila Ouazzani. "Quality and disinfection trials of consumption water in storage reservoirs for rural area in the Marrakech region (Assif El Mal)." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.027.

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Traditional reservoirs for water storage are important systems of water supply in rural areas of Morocco. These reservoirs are fed by rainwater and/or directly from rivers through open channels; the stored water is used without any treatment as drinking water by the surrounding population. The present study aimed to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of stored water and the corresponding sediment in six traditional reservoirs (R1 to R6) located in the rural municipality of Assif El Mal. We tested two inexpensive methods of disinfecting the stored water: chlorination and solar disinfection in bottles. The results show a rise of organic and mineral concentrations. Regarding bacteriological quality, a critical contamination level was detected (8 × 105 CFU/100 ml in water and 9 × 107 CFU/g in sediment) according to the 2002 Moroccan Standards for drinking water (0 CFU/100 ml). In the disinfection tests, chlorine disinfection removed all studied germs after just 1 hour, and the solar exposure process removed the majority of bacteria (after 3 hours) except those with a resistant form (Clostridia).

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Abdelouahid, Louazi, Antonio Frías-Osuna, Catalina López-Martínez, and Sara Moreno-Cámara. "Perceptions, Motivations, and Empowerment Strategies of Midwives in Rural and Remote Areas of Northern Morocco." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 14992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214992.

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The shortage of midwives is a problem in rural and remote areas. This is mainly the consequence of job insecurity and difficult living conditions. The present study aimed to identify and analyse the perceptions and motivations of midwives in rural and remote areas of northern Morocco on the quality of their working life and the motivational factors and empowerment strategies they use to maintain and develop their work. It is a qualitative study that follows Van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology approach. Three focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 midwives from rural and remote areas. The results indicate that midwives in rural and remote areas have a negative perception of the quality of the work and their personal life because of the scarcity of basic resources, unfavourable working conditions, and the personal sacrifices they have to make to support themselves. However, some factors favour their efforts. Therefore, there is a need to promote intersectoral policies that focus on improving material and human resources, as well as the working and personal conditions of midwives and the factors that support and empower them.

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El Omari, H., A. Chahlaoui, F. Talbi, K. Ouarrak, and A. El Ouali Lalami. "Impact of Urbanization and Socioeconomic Factors on the Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Center of Morocco." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (January 3, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2196418.

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Background. Parasitic diseases, in particular leishmaniasis, are still a public health problem in several countries and in Morocco. Methods. The data used are those of epidemiological surveillance collected in the registers of the prefectural epidemiology cell (PEC); however, the socioeconomic data were obtained from the High Commissioner for Planning. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the different variables. Results. In total, 70 cases were recorded by the prefectural epidemiology cell (PEC) during the period from 2009 to 2015. 46% of the cases come from rural areas while 54% of the cases come from urban areas. The Pearson test shows the existence of a significant relationship between the number of cases recorded and the type of environment (r = 0.49, p value = 0.02), and population rate (R = 0.849 and p≤0.001). However, in our case, the poverty rate does not influence CL’s distribution. Conclusion. Our results show that the CL affects the majority of the municipalities with predominance of the urban environment, so the distribution of cases of this pathology is not influenced by the poverty; however, the urbanization and the number of inhabitants have a positive impact on the distribution of this scourge.

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Kannane, Soukaina, Samia Boussaa, Jamila El Mendili, and Oulaid Touloun. "Congenital Malformations in the Moroccan Surveillance System: Contribution to Prevalence Estimation." Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics 2024 (March 18, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9570798.

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Background. Congenital malformations (CMs) are a group of structural or functional anomalies present at birth. These anomalies result in a high rate of mortality, morbidity, and disability in children. CMs are a major public health problem and place a heavy burden on healthcare systems in both developed and developing countries including Morocco, which has had a CMs surveillance system in place since 2011. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CMs in Morocco. Methods. In this study, the epidemiology of CMs in Morocco was assessed retrospectively using the national surveillance system data gathered from case notification forms from 2017 to 2021. Results. The main results showed that the prevalence of CMs in Morocco is 3.91/1000 live births (LBs), and the minimum annual prevalence of CMs was reached in 2017 (3.10/1000 LBs) while the maximum annual prevalence was recorded in 2018 (4.55/1000 LBs). The majority of CMs are unspecified CMs (68.55%), neural tube defects (NTDs) account for (21.13%), and orofacial clefts (OFCs) account for (10.32%). In addition, the majority of CMs (61.73%) were from rural areas. According to region, the Dakhla-Oued Eddahab region recorded the highest prevalence of CMs in Morocco, with 8.81/1000 LBs, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region, with 2.02/1000 LB. Conclusions. This study reveals that the national prevalence of CMs is high and may be underestimated, as most of the CMS reported is unspecified. The use of a CM registry with detailed reporting of all CMs and the promotion of preventive measures are urgently recommended.

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Ben Khadda, Zineb, Mustapha Fagroud, Yahya El Karmoudi, Said Ezrari, Imane Berni, Marc De Broe, Tapan Behl, Simona Gabriela Bungau, and Tarik Sqalli Houssaini. "Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Regarding Carcinogenic Pesticides in Fez Meknes Region (Morocco)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 10879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010879.

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Pesticides play an important role in the improvement of agricultural production, but their use may result in adverse effects on the environment, consumers, and farmers’ health. As there are limited data focusing on the factors influencing safety behavior toward pesticide use in Morocco, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 15 rural communities of Morocco’s Fes Meknes region to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding pesticide use. A structured questionnaire was completed, containing the data of the interviewed farmers, their behavior towards safety measures, the type of active ingredient used, as well as the perception of risks to their own health following exposure to pesticides by the existence of chronic, self-perceived symptoms. Non-probability (empirical) sampling with the quota method was carried out, which consists of constructing the sample. Results showed that most respondents have not been trained in the application of pesticides, with almost half of the farmers using a category of pesticides which are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable human carcinogenic (i.e., Glyphosate, Malathion). In terms of pesticide storage, 40% of farmers said that they did not store pesticides in a separate room after purchasing or using them. The empty containers were buried or burnt by half of the responders, while the remainder were thrown at the edge of fields or in public dumps. Although the participants were aware of the negative effects on their own health and on the environment caused by the application of pesticides in use, the protection measures by individual equipment were insufficient. A canonical analysis indicates that these behaviors were influenced by the farming experience, the benefit of the agricultural council services, the follow-up of training, and the education level. These variables are important factors in explaining and understanding the dangers to both the environment and health caused by pesticides. The most recorded likely consequences of pesticide exposure were visual impairment (46%), followed by dizziness (44.3%), headache (39.4%), and excessive sweating (34.4%), and 30.2% of participants identified consequent respiratory problems. Extension services targeted at safety and protection measures should be developed and accompanied by educational programs to put farmers’ perceptions into practice and encourage them to adopt healthy and environmentally friendly behaviors.

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Essebbahi, Issam, Chadia Ouazzani, Abdellah Moustaghfir, Azzeddine Er-ramly, Youssef El Baroudi, and Lhoussine Balouch. "Analysis of the Fluoride Levels of Well Water Consumed by the Moroccan Population in Different Rural Areas." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, no. 5 (2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.5.1387.

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Fluoride plays an essential role in preventing cavities when consumed in small amounts. However, continuous excessive fluoride ingestion could cause significant adverse health effects in humans, ranging from mild dental fluorosis to debilitating skeletal fluorosis, depending on the level and period of exposure to fluorides. In rural areas, the source of fluoride in well water could be due to natural, industrial, or anthropogenic contamination. The purpose of our work was to assess the degree of contamination of groundwater by fluorides from different regions in Morocco located in agricultural campaigns, where the only source of consumable water is well water. A total of 40 well water samples were collected from 7 rural Moroccan areas. Fluoride level analyses were performed using a fluoride-specific ion electrode (HI-4110). The fluoride levels found in the various well waters of the different regions range from 0.2 mg/l to 6.58 mg/l. Five wells have levels that exceed the recommended adult standards, while 28 wells have levels above the recommended standards for children. These results help warn the public about the risk of developing dental fluorosis and encourage them to change the sources of water consumption from the well waters with high fluoride content.

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MAZIANE, Aziz, Jamila SAIDI, and Taieb BOUMEAZA. "Contribution of the GIS in the assessment of the urbanization challenges and the impact on the ecosystems: The case study of El Fqih Ben Saleh city, Tadla Plain, Morocco." Nova Geodesia 3, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/ng33147.

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The improved economic performance and development created some new challenges, such as high urbanisation rates and environmental degradation worldwide. In this context, the presented article focuses on the relationships among urbanization, specifically the urban attraction challenge, and its impact on ecosystems in El-Faqih Ben Saleh City in Morocco. Besides, the urban attraction challenge refers to the dynamics that draw individuals to cities, encompassing economic opportunities, education, healthcare, and cultural amenities, while also posing challenges like overpopulation and resource strain. The article discusses how urban expansion often clashes with rural areas, affecting land use, the environment, and social dynamics. The boundaries between these urban and rural areas pose multiple issues and need an integrated planning strategy. The study employs Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, using high-resolution Google Earth Pro imagery, to assess the impacts of urbanization on the environment in El-Faqih Ben Saleh City. The obtained results reveal the city’s rapid urban growth and its consequences, such as deforestation, pollution, and agricultural land loss. The findings highlight the need for sustainable urban planning, green infrastructure, and mixed land use to mitigate these impacts. The case study of El-Faqih Ben Saleh City, considered as a small city to understand the broader dynamics of contemporary urbanization, emphasizes the importance of balancing urban growth with environmental and agricultural preservation.

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Meir, Yossef Ben, Kerstin Opfer, and Ellen Hernandez. "Decentralized renewable energies and the water-energy-food nexus in rural Morocco." Environmental Challenges 6 (January 2022): 100432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100432.

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Mchiouer, Fatiha, Ali Ait Boughrous, and Hossain El Ouarghi. "Groundwater Quality Assessment for Human Drinking in Rural Areas, Al-Hoceima Province (Northern Morocco)." Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 23, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/27197050/147450.

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Imane Ouahidi, Knza BARKATE, Ayoub RAFEI, EL Mostafa ELMEZOUARI, and Redouane MOUTAJ. "Epidemiology of intestinal parasitosis in the population of Agadir City, Morocco." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1070.

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Intestinal parasitosis in Morocco represents a real public health problem given the promiscuity and sanitary facilities that prevail in some regions, Agadir city is not spared. To determine the epidemiological profile of intestinal parasitosis in this population, a retrospective study was conducted over a period of five years in the medical biology laboratories. 6201subjects have benefited from at least one parasitological stool examination (PSE) including an analysis in the fresh state, after staining with Lugol and finally after concentration by the technique of Willis and Ritchie; 933 examinations were positive with a simple parasitic index (SPI) at 15.04%. Our study also included 1105 children of whom 238 were positive with a higher SPI at 21.53%. The average age of our patients was 28 years old. Among the parasites encountered, protozoa were present in 92.53% of cases. Blastocystis hominis were the most common with 43.2%, followed by amoebae (40.7%), flagellates (8%), helminths (7.46%) and lastly coccidia (0.62%). Giardia intestinalis appeared to be the most dominant pathogenic parasite in children and was responsible in 20% of stature–weight growth delay cases. The different results recorded are roughly comparable to the data reported by similar studies. Despite the urban origin of our population, the prevalence of intestinal parasitism is not negligible. It is still necessary to insist on the rigorous respect of hygiene rules against orofaecal contamination, as well as the realization of similar studies in the rural environment to establish more precise epidemiological profile of intestinal parasitosis in this region.

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Idrissi, Oumaima, and Sana Sakale. "The Situation of Speech and Language Disorders in Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of the RSK Region." Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies 3, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jpbs.2023.3.2.8.

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This research delves into the nuanced dynamics of speech and language development disorders and academic achievement disorders, unveiling disparities across demographic, environmental, and age-related dimensions. A distinct urban-rural divide emerges, emphasizing the influence of environmental factors on prevalence rates. Individuals in urban settings face higher rates of disorders, necessitating tailored interventions acknowledging the unique challenges of urban environments. Conversely, rural populations demonstrate lower prevalence, urging policymakers to consider resource allocation and intervention strategies attuned to the specific needs of diverse locales. A crucial revelation is the heightened prevalence among individuals under 18 years old, underscoring the imperative for early intervention strategies. Early childhood programs and educational interventions prove pivotal, requiring customization to address the evolving needs of different age groups. Gender-specific considerations become evident, with males exhibiting a higher prevalence. Tailoring interventions to understand and address gender-specific factors is paramount for enhancing support systems and intervention effectiveness.

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Sarti, Otmane, Emilia Otal, José Morillo, and Abdelhamid Ouassini. "Integrated assessment of groundwater quality beneath the rural area of R'mel, Northwest of Morocco." Groundwater for Sustainable Development 14 (August 2021): 100620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100620.

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Sarkki, Simo, Cristina Dalla Torre, Jasmiini Fransala, Ivana Živojinović, Alice Ludvig, Elena Górriz-Mifsud, Mariana Melnykovych, et al. "Reconstructive Social Innovation Cycles in Women-Led Initiatives in Rural Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031231.

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Social innovations can tackle various challenges related to gender equity in rural areas, especially when such innovations are initiated and developed by women themselves. We examine cases located in rural areas of Canada, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, and Serbia, where women are marginalized by gender roles, patriarchal values, male dominated economy and policy, and lack of opportunities for education and employment. Our objective is to analyze five case studies on how women-led social innovation processes can tackle gender equity related challenges manifested at the levels of everyday practice, institutions, and cognitive frames. The analyses are based on interviews, workshops, literature screening, and are examined via the qualitative abductive method. Results summarize challenges that rural women are facing, explore social innovation initiatives as promising solutions, and analyze their implications on gender equity in the five case studies. Based on our results we propose a new concept: reconstructive social innovation cycle. It refers to is defined as cyclical innovation processes that engage women via civil society initiatives. These initiatives reconstruct the existing state of affairs, by questioning marginalizing and discriminative practices, institutions, and cognitive frames that are often perceived as normal. The new concept helps with to assessing the implications that women-led social innovations have for gender equity.

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El Hioui, Mohamed, Ahmed Omar Touhami Ah, Youssef Aboussaleh, Stephane Rusinek, Khalid Dik, and Abdelkader Soualem. "Iron Deficiency and Anaemia in Rural School Children in a Coastal Area of Morocco." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7, no. 3 (April 15, 2008): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.400.403.

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Varea, Carlos. "Marriage, age at last birth and fertility in a traditional Moroccan population." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200002023x.

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SummaryA sample of 842 rural women from Morocco (Amizmiz, Marrakech) was used to examine the relationship between a number of biosocial variables and fertility patterns. For women still in their reproductive years there were significant correlations between family size and woman's age, age at marriage and years of marriage. Among women with completed families, those with early age at marriage ceased childbearing about 10 years before reaching menopause, while women who married later continued to bear children until the end of their fertile life.

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Jennan, Lahsen. "La pluriactivité des familles en milieu rural marocain (The pluri-activity of families in the moroccan rural environment)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 68, no. 4 (1991): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1991.1585.

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Errami, Adil Ait, Hala Aouroud, and Khadija Krati. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Morocco." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 8, no. 09 (September 5, 2022): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol07-i09/1491.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem. Currently, there are no studies exploring the status of knowledge, attitudes and practices of CRC screening in high-risk populations in Morocco so that effective approaches can be implemented. The objective of the study was: To assess knowledge and awareness of screening methods in the at-risk population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where the target population was patients with age >45 years and young people with a history of CRC in the family. Results: 210 subjects were recruited, sex ratio M/F=0.85. Mean age = 53 years, 42% lived in rural area and 38% were illiterate; 86% had a family history of CRC or adenoma and 42% were chronic smokers. 96% reported knowledge of CRC. The most known risk factors: smoking (84.2%), alcoholism (68.5%) while 44.2% knew that colonoscopy was the reference method for screening. Most subjects would like to know more (95.0%). More than 90% agreed that early diagnosis improves prognosis. Finally, 44% will start regular screening. Conclusion: Understanding and recognizing the awareness and attitude regarding CRC screening and the reasons for low screening utilization among high-risk populations could help develop appropriate policies for its prevention and control.

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Aziz, Faissal, Naaila Ouazzani, Laila Mandi, Aziz Assaad, Steve Pontvianne, Hélène Poirot, and Marie-Noëlle Pons. "Characterization by fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in rural drinking water storage tanks in Morocco." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.002.

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Abstract Water storage tanks, fed directly from the river through opened channels, are particular systems used for water supply in rural areas in Morocco. The stored water is used as drinking water by the surrounding population without any treatment. UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation-emission matrices and synchronous fluorescence) have been tested as rapid methods to assess the quality of the water stored in the reservoirs as well as along the river feeding them. Synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS50), collected with a difference of 50 nm between excitation and emission wavelengths, revealed a high tryptophan-like fluorescence, indicative of a pollution induced by untreated domestic and/or farm wastewater. The best correlations were obtained between the total SFS50 fluorescence and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biological oxygen demand, showing that the contribution of humic-like fluorescent substances cannot be neglected to rapidly assess reservoir water quality in terms of DOC by fluorescence spectroscopy.

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El Hassani, Sara, Mouatassim Charai, Mohammed Amine Moussaoui, and Ahmed Mezrhab. "Towards rural net-zero energy buildings through integration of photovoltaic systems within bio-based earth houses: Case study in Eastern Morocco." Solar Energy 259 (July 2023): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.05.007.

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Azedou, Ali, Said Lahssini, Abdellatif Khattabi, Modeste Meliho, and Nabil Rifai. "A Methodological Comparison of Three Models for Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping in the Rural Municipality of El Faid (Morocco)." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020682.

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Erosion is the main threat to sustainable water and soil management in Morocco. Located in the Souss-Massa watershed, the rural municipality of El Faid remains an area where gully erosion is a major factor involved in soil degradation and flooding. The aim of this study is to predict the spatial distribution of gully erosion at the scale of this municipality and to evaluate the predictive capacity of three prediction methods (frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR), and random forest (RF)) for the characterization of gullying vulnerability. Twelve predisposing factors underlying gully formation were considered and mapped (elevation, slope, aspect, plane curvature, slope length (SL), stream power index (SPI), composite topographic index (CTI), land use, topographic wetness index (TWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lithology, and vegetation cover (C factor). Furthermore, 894 gullies were digitized using high-resolution imagery. Seventy-five percent of the gullies were randomly selected and used as a training dataset, whereas the remaining 25% were used for validation purposes. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). Results showed that the factor that most contributed to the prevalence of gullying was topographic (slope, CTI, LS). Furthermore, the fitted models revealed that the RF model had a better prediction quality, with the best AUC (91.49%). The produced maps represent a valuable tool for sustainable management, land conservation, and protecting human lives against natural hazards (floods).

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Kamari, Salim, Hossain El Ouarghi, Mohammad Ghalit, Abdelhadi Makan, and Abdelhak Bourjila. "Risk of Groundwater Contamination by Domestic Wastewater in Rural Areas of the Province of Al Hoceima, Northern Morocco." Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 24, no. 9 (September 17, 2023): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/27197050/172412.

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Yassine, Abderrahman, and Fatima Bakass. "Do Education and Employment Play a Role in Youth’s Poverty Alleviation? Evidence from Morocco." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 11750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811750.

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In Morocco, youth represent a large segment of society, but there are multiple structural constraints, such as unemployment, particularly among graduates, which exposes them to a great risk of poverty. Using data from the Household Consumption and Expenditure National Survey 2014, this article explores the determinants of youth poverty, focusing on the role of education and employment. Two indicators of poverty are used. The first one is a binary short-term indicator showing whether the young in a given household are poor or not at the threshold of 60% of the median annual expenditure. The second is a poverty measure of the long-term economic status or what is called the Wealth Index, computed using the Principal Component Analysis method. The results from both the logit and the quantile regressions show that being more educated constitutes a rampart against poverty for young people. By contrast, access to employment is not enough to guarantee a decent level of well-being. Moreover, there are no gender differences, but poverty seems higher among rural young and those between 15 and 19 years old compared to those who reside in the urban areas and who are between 20 and 29 years old, respectively. Youth poverty is also significantly associated with family/household characteristics such as education and employment of the other members and household size.

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Guessab, M., J. Bize, J. Schwartzbrod, A. Mault, M. Morlot, N. Nivault, and L. Schwartzbrod. "Waste-Water Treatment by Infiltration-Percolation on Sand: Results in Ben Sergao, Morocco." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (May 1, 1993): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0182.

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Waste-water from Ben Sergao (Morocco) is treated by a process using infiltration on sand which includes an anaerobic lagoon (1500 m3) in which waste-water has a retention time of 1.4 days followed by 5 infiltration basins (1500 m2 each). Each basin comprises by a 2 meter thick sand dune layer. The basins are drained at their base through a network of gravel-embedded drains. Three 350 m3 batches are performed daily. These are received in 3 separate basins. Each basin receives one batch a day during 3 days and is then left to rest for 2 days before carrying out a new cycle. It has been estimated that the treatment induced a decrease of 99.93 % for the fecal coliforms and 99.98 % for the fecal streptococci. Concerning the parasitology, neither nematode eggs nor cestode eggs were found in treated sewage even though their number in raw waste-water could be estimated respectively to be 139 and 75 per liter. As for physicochemical parameters, no significant difference appears between raw and treated sewage for K, P and conductivity, but there is a very significant increase of parameters NO2 and NO3 and a very important decrease of COD and total suspended matter after treatment. This treatment process seems to be very well adapted for the treatment of sewage and the reuse of treated water in rural areas.

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Lamrani Alaoui, H., K. Oufdou, and N. Mezrioui. "Environmental pollutions impacts on the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of suburban and rural groundwater supplies in Marrakesh area (Morocco)." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 145, no. 1-3 (February 28, 2008): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0029-0.

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Barrow, C. J., and H. Hicham. "Two complimentary and integrated land uses of the western High Atlas Mountains, Morocco: the potential for sustainable rural livelihoods." Applied Geography 20, no. 4 (October 2000): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-6228(00)00010-2.

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Mariani, Mariagiulia, François Casabianca, Claire Cerdan, and Iuri Peri. "Protecting Food Cultural Biodiversity: From Theory to Practice. Challenging the Geographical Indications and the Slow Food Models." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 8, 2021): 5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095265.

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A global expansion in public and private initiatives seeks to strengthen the link between traditional products and sustainable development by creating a niche in the market for these products. Relevant examples are the Geographical Indications and the Slow Food Presidia models. This paper compares both types of Origin Food Schemes (OFS) to disclose the main commonalities and differences in their institutionalization, and their complex outcomes on cultural biodiversity (CB), which is a major concern for the sustainability of rural communities. We used underpinning knowledge dynamics as an analytical lens through the cross-comparison of ethnographic findings collected in four case studies of origin cheeses located in France, Italy and Morocco. Our findings suggest that OFS have high potential to defend CB because of their collective and context-dependent approaches. We argue that knowledge and practices mobilized in OFS are the result of power relations and confrontations among local actors, and show how four identified tensions between different forms and types of knowledge differently shape food culture, food technique, perceptions, and representations. In conclusion, the institutional approaches, practices and knowledge dynamics compared in this analysis show six effective ways to link OFS and CB, facilitating the trajectory toward sustainable development.

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Talbi, Fatima Zahra, Nordine Nouayti, Hajar El Omari, Mohamed Najy, Khadija Lahouiti, Mouhcine Fadil, Hassan Ech-Chafay, Mohamed Lachhab, Abdellatif Janati Idrissi, and Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami. "Thematic Maps of the Impact of Urbanization and Socioeconomic Factors on the Distribution of the Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in Sefrou Province, Central North of Morocco (2007–2011)." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (July 14, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8673091.

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Background. Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases with health risks. They cause a big health problem. These parasitic diseases are transmitted by the parasite of the genus Leishmania through sandflies. Objective. The aim of this work is to study the distribution of the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases and the impact of urbanization and socioeconomic factors and their effects as leishmaniasis risk factors. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of CL cases collected at the level of Sefrou Province during the period from 2007 to 2011. The data was collected from registers of the Medical Delegation of Sefrou Province. The socioeconomic data, namely, the poverty rate, the popular density, and the type of environment (urban/rural) of Sefrou Province, were obtained from the High Commission for Planning. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 20). The data were registered in a Microsoft Excel 2010 file. Statistical analysis was based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and then a correlation study was carried out (Pearson correlation). The results were considered significant when p was less than 0.05. The database was analyzed by QGIS 2.18, which is open source software. Results. A total of 349 cases of CL were collected at Sefrou Province from 2007 to 2011. A percentage of 49% of the cases come from urban areas, while 51% of the cases come from rural areas. In the statistical analysis, the division of the incidence of CL cases was found to be significantly associated only with urbanization. For the other factors, the number of people or the poverty rate is not taken into account in the incidence dynamics. Conclusion. This study may be useful for the implementation of future adequate measures and controls. Getting rid of leishmaniasis requires a comprehensive approach by acting on the sources of contamination through good continuous surveillance, appropriate management, effective vector control, and awareness-raising strategies.

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Mallouk, A., H. Elhadrachi, M. E. I. Malaainine, and H. Rhinane. "USING THE SLEUTH URBAN GROWTH MODEL COUPLED WITH A GIS TO SIMULATE AND PREDICT THE FUTURE URBAN EXPANSION OF CASABLANCA REGION, MOROCCO." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W12 (February 26, 2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w12-139-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The rapid and sometimes uncontrolled acceleration of urban growth, particularly in developing countries, places increasing pressure on environment and urban population well-being, making it a primary concern for managers. In Casablanca city, Morocco’s economic capital, the rapid urbanization was a result of population explosion, rural exodus and the emergence of new urban centers. Therefore, a system for urban growth simulation and prediction to anticipate infrastructural needs became indispensable to optimize urban planning. The main aim of this work is to study the urban extension of the Grand Casablanca region from 1984 to 2022 and to predict urban growth in 2040 using the SLEUTH cellular automaton model. The methodology consists of calibrating the model using data extracted from a time series of satellite images with a resolution of 30 m acquired between 1984 and 2018, as well as vector data relating to the urban projects planned on the horizon of 2022. The supervised classification and digitization of these images, together with a DEM of the study area, provided the input data required by the model, including Slope, Land use, Exclusion, Transportation and Hillshade. This data was introduced into the model using ArcSLEUTH, a custom extension of ArcGIS to compile the SLEUTH model. The result is synthetic maps of urban growth in the study area up to 2040, as well as the expected percentage indicators of change. The result is an effective decision-support tool for decision-makers and planners to develop more informed development strategies for the region and its people.</p>

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sabra, Mahmoud. "Health expenditure, life expectancy, fertility rate, CO2 emissions and economic growth Do public, private and external health expenditure matter." International Journal of Economic Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2022): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52950/es.2022.11.2.010.

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This article aims to detect empirically, the nexus dynamic interrelationships between health expenditure, totally and disaggregated, economic growth, fertility rate, life expectancy and CO2 emissions in six middle-income MENA countries, namely, (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia), during 2000 to 2019. We employ an advanced econometric technique, Dynamic Panel Data system analysis, which allows estimating time rarely variant variables. Article results show a significant and robust positive association between health expenditure and economic growth, in one hand, and negative associations between economic growth and all which of, fertility rate, life expectancy and CO2 emissions, on the other hand. Moreover, a negative nexus between fertility rate and life expectancy has been detected. Public, private and external health expenditure affect economic growth positively and significantly, meanwhile affect fertility rate negatively, except health public expenditure, which seems to encourage fertility rate. This indicates that disaggregated health expenditure matters for examination. Furthermore, negative impact of CO2 emissions on growth and life expectancy can crowd out health expenditure positive impacts on both growth and life expectancy. A series of recommendations have been introduced such as increasing health share in public spending, and for more effective government health expenditure and control pollution and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, health spending, policies and system has to function as well to mitigate impacts of high fertility, in marginalized, rural and fungible population and areas. This article shines a light on the notable issues in the area, whereas high fertility rate, limited government health expenditure, high employment and low awareness for pollution and environment degradation.

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Agoundedemba, Maklewa, Chang Ki Kim, and Hyun-Goo Kim. "Energy Status in Africa: Challenges, Progress and Sustainable Pathways." Energies 16, no. 23 (November 22, 2023): 7708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237708.

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Access to modern energy is essential for socioeconomic development, yet Africa faces significant challenges in this regard. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is marked by economic underdevelopment and poverty largely due to the non-environmentally friendly energy used (wood, charcoal) and limited access to modern energy resources. Indeed, this review provides an overview of the African energy landscape; it provides a comprehensive renewables-focused energy pathway for developing a cleaner and more sustainable African energy system. It explores end-use sector electrification in both rural and urban areas in Africa. It emphasizes the rapid expansion of renewable generation, the challenges facing and solutions for the implementation of renewable energy, and the role of emerging technologies. It also presents technological pathways and investment opportunities that will enrich the regional debate and help accelerate the energy transformation across Africa. The analysis demonstrated that the current trends of renewable energy used are hydropower, wind power, biomass, and geothermal energy. The electrification rate in West Africa is less than 58% in urban areas and less than 25% in rural areas. Results show that 65% of the SSA population does not have access to electricity and 81% rely on wood and charcoal. In West Africa, only Ghana (70% or so) and Cape Verde (95.9% or so) have equitable access to electricity between rural and urban areas. The potentiality of solar irradiance in Africa ranges between 3 and 7 KWh/m2/day. The wind speed ranges from 3 m/s to 10 m/s; the wave power can range from 7 to 25 kW/m per site in island regions. Egypt, Morocco, Ethiopia, Tunisia, and South Africa are, respectively, countries leading in wind power technology, and solar energy technology was more advanced in North Africa and South Africa. Finally, geothermal is only developed in Kenya and Tanzania and Kenya is the leader in that field. Although renewable energy in Africa is still growing year to year, it still faces power outages because most renewable energy potentialities are not yet exploited, the technologies used are weak, there is insufficient funding, there is ineffective infrastructure, and there are inadequate or no policies in that field.

Journal articles on the topic 'Rural environment in Morocco'

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