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1
Nascimento, Washington Santos. "Gentes do mato: os \"novos assimilados\" em Luanda (1926-1961)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-15012014-104601/.
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Esta tese tem por objetivo compreender como pessoas da zona rural angolana utilizaram-se das possibilidades de ascensão social institucionalizadas pelo Estatuto do Indigenato (1926-1961) para constituir-se numa elite letrada, de origem rural, em Luanda. A tese a qual defendo é a de que, em decorrência da maior presença de portugueses e angolanos vindos do interior, acentuou-se, na capital de Angola, uma cisão entre a cidade, representada em grande parte pelos portugueses, mas também pela elite letrada crioula, e o mato, cujos expoentes que mais se expressaram em forma de entrevistas, depoimentos e obras literárias foram os novos assimilados. Para entender essa história, utilizaram-se como fonte central as memórias (e esquecimentos) de angolanos que viveram em Luanda entre os anos 1926 e 1961 e que obtiveram o estatuto de assimilados. Tais memórias foram entendidas à luz da teoria de Paul Ricoeur (2007), em uma relação dialógica entre o eu (memória individual), os próximos (memória compartilhada com sua geração) e os outros (memória coletiva, social, pública).This thesis aims to understand how Angolan interior we used the reduced opportunities for social advancement created by the Statute of Indigenato (1926-1961) to constitute themselves as a literate elite, assimilated, country of origin, within the capital of the colony, Luanda. The thesis which I argue is that due to the increased presence of Portuguese and Angolans from inside, deepened, the capital of Angola, a split between the \"city\", represented largely by the Portuguese, but also by literate elite Creole, and \"kill\", whose exponents that best expressed in the form of interviews, testimonies and literary works were the \"new assimilated.\" To understand this story we used as the central source memory (and forgetting) of Angolans in Luanda who lived between the years 1926 to 1961 and obtained the status of assimilates. Such memories were understood from Paul Ricoeur (2007), in a dialogical relationship between the self (individual memory), the next (memory shared with his generation) and others (collective memory, social, public) and are present in interviews, memoirs and literary works.
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Camargo, Orson Jose Roberto de. "Elite politica brasileira e a renegociação das dividas do credito rural = o caso da bancada ruralista." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281991.
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Orientador: Gilda Figueiredo Portugal GouveiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa, do ponto de vista contextual, a Medida Provisória nº 114 de março de 2003, convertida em Lei nº 10.696 de julho do mesmo ano, a partir da ótica da elite política brasileira - especificamente a bancada ruralista. A bancada ruralista é tida como um dos grupos conservadores do Congresso Nacional, com forte coesão interna e intensa capacidade de pressão junto ao Executivo e Legislativo brasileiro, para que seus interesses sejam contemplados. O estudo considera a discussão, em plenário, dos parlamentares ruralistas sobre a MPV nº 114/03, que dispõe da renegociação das dívidas do crédito rural e visa analisar como as renegociações dos recursos públicos aplicados no financiamento da produção agropecuária brasileira reproduzem e aprofundam a desigualdade social. Tanto financiamento para a produção agropecuária como a renegociação das dívidas do crédito rural não consideram equitativamente todos os produtores rurais, colocando a discussão diante de questões de justiça social ao não propiciar mecanismos para a redução da desigualdade social
Abstract: Taking in consideration a contextual analyses, this dissertation investigates the March 2003 Governmental Decree 114, which was converted in the Federal Law number 10.696 in July 2003. This study focus on the thoughts and actions of the rural landowners members of the Congress (the bancada ruralista), which are considered one of the most conservative political sectors in the country. The Bancada Ruralista is also considered to be a very strong lobby, with internal cohesion and capacity of pressure on the Executive and the Legislative. The dissertation analyses the debates around the Governmental Decree 114 among the members of the Congress, particularly the bancada ruralista discussion on the defense of the large landowners' interests. The Governmental Decree 114 established new standards regarding the renegotiation of public rural credit and the landowner's federal debts. Therefore it was considered a crucial political issue for the bancada ruralista lobbies. The study demonstrates how the application of the federal resources on the large agribusiness reproduces and deepens the country social inequalities, since the rural producer are not equally considered in these negotiations, clearly favoring the large and most politically powerful rural landowners
Mestrado
Sociologia Politica
Mestre em Sociologia
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Sacoman, Marina Zanin. "Hospitalidade e convivialidade em família da elite rural paulista no século XIX." Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, 2005. http://sitios.anhembi.br/tedesimplificado/handle/TEDE/1472.
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Previous issue date: 2005-02-25Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Versa sobre a hospitalidade e convivialidade ocorrida em algumas fazendas da família Junqueira no século XIX, tendo como estudo de caso a fazenda Boa Esperança, na cidade de Orlândia, São Paulo. Aborda a influência portuguesa na formação do Brasil rural, a ocupação da região de Orlândia pelos entrantes mineiros e a formação das fazendas no sertão do rio Pardo. Para estudar a convivialidade, discorreu-se sobre a formação da família no século XIX, em particular a família Junqueira e como se dava a convivialidade entre seus membros. Escolheu-se o século XIX, por tratar-se de um período no qual os valores familiares eram extremamente relevantes e o âmbito privado era onde os indivíduos passavam a maior parte do seu tempo. Para demonstrar como funcionava a hospitalidade nas fazendas da época, selecionou-se algumas fazendas de propriedade da família Junqueira para análise.
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au, T. Moriyama@murdoch edu, and Takeshi Moriyama. "Crossing Boundaries: Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) and the Rural Elite of Tokugawa Japan." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090210.110921.
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This thesis centres on a member of the rural elite, Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) of Echigo, and his social environment in Tokugawa Japan (1603-1868). Through a case study of the interaction between one individuals life and his social conditions, the thesis participates in the ongoing scholarly reassessment of Tokugawa society, which had an apparently rigid political and social structure, yet many features that suggest a prototype of modernity. Bokushis life was multifaceted. He was a village administrator, landlord, pawnbroker, poet, painter, and great communicator, with a nation-wide correspondence network that crossed various social classes. His remote location and humble lifestyle notwithstanding, he was eventually able to publish a book about his region, Japans snow country. This thesis argues that Bokushis life epitomises both the potentiality and the restrictions of his historical moment for a well-placed member of the rural elite. An examination of Bokushis life and texts certainly challenges residual notions of the rigidity of social boundaries between the urban and the rural, between social statuses, and between cultural and intellectual communities. But Bokushis own actions and attitudes also show the force of conservative social values in provincial life. His activities were also still restrained by the external environment in terms of geographical remoteness, infrastructural limitation, political restrictions, cultural norms and the exigencies of human relationships. Bokushis life shows that in his day, Tokugawa social frameworks were being shaken and reshaped by peoples new attempts to cross conventional boundaries, within, however, a range of freedom that had both external and internal limits.
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Moriyama, Takeshi. "Crossing boundaries: Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) and the rural elite of Tokugawa Japan." Moriyama, Takeshi (2008) Crossing boundaries: Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) and the rural elite of Tokugawa Japan. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/746/.
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This thesis centres on a member of the rural elite, Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) of Echigo, and his social environment in Tokugawa Japan (1603-1868). Through a case study of the interaction between one individual’s life and his social conditions, the thesis participates in the ongoing scholarly reassessment of Tokugawa society, which had an apparently rigid political and social structure, yet many features that suggest a prototype of modernity. Bokushi’s life was multifaceted. He was a village administrator, landlord, pawnbroker, poet, painter, and great communicator, with a nation-wide correspondence network that crossed various social classes. His remote location and humble lifestyle notwithstanding, he was eventually able to publish a book about his region, Japan’s ‘snow country’. This thesis argues that Bokushi’s life epitomises both the potentiality and the restrictions of his historical moment for a well-placed member of the rural elite. An examination of Bokushi’s life and texts certainly challenges residual notions of the rigidity of social boundaries between the urban and the rural, between social statuses, and between cultural and intellectual communities. But Bokushi’s own actions and attitudes also show the force of conservative social values in provincial life. His activities were also still restrained by the external environment in terms of geographical remoteness, infrastructural limitation, political restrictions, cultural norms and the exigencies of human relationships. Bokushi’s life shows that in his day, Tokugawa social frameworks were being shaken and reshaped by people’s new attempts to cross conventional boundaries, within, however, a range of freedom that had both external and internal limits.
6
Lewis, Hana Yve. "Pattern and process in the material culture of Anglo-Saxon non-elite rural settlements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10058940/.
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This research progresses knowledge of Anglo-Saxon non-elite rural settlements through the study of material culture. Forty-five rural settlements occupied throughout the Anglo-Saxon period (c. 5th-11th centuries) and geographically representative of Anglo-Saxon settlement in England were selected for study. Comparative analyses of the material culture assemblages and settlement data from these sites was evaluated from four main research perspectives: the archaeological contexts and distributional patterns of material culture at the sites; range and character of material culture; patterns of material culture consumption; and material culture as evidence for the economic reach of rural settlements. Site distributional analysis of the material culture provides evidence of depositional practices and refuse methods undertaken at the settlements, demonstrating that artefacts are predominantly found in the fills of common features including buildings, pits and ditches. The cataloguing of the material culture determines the types and demand for artefacts at the settlements, showing that assemblages are dominated by domestic/household items and utilitarian/ manufacturing equipment. The examination of material culture as indicative of cultural and behavioural practices reveals that domestic undertakings, manufacturing, utilitarian and agricultural/cultivation activities are the most common patterns of consumption exhibited at the settlements. The study of economic trends at the settlements as evidenced by material culture highlights engagement in the exchange, trade and travel networks of Anglo-Saxon England with local through to international reach. The analysis of material culture from Anglo-Saxon rural sites illuminates myriad aspects of settlement life including social, cultural, economic and production activities undertaken, the use, supply and demand of resources, and hierarchical structures. The study has crucially highlighted the multifaceted character of many rural communities, demonstrating that these settlements were integral elements of the political, social and economic structures of Anglo-Saxon England.
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Li, He. "Educational trajectories of rural students in an elite university : English learning experience and beyond." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609105.
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Yang, Yang. "Higher education and the transformation of cultural capital : rural students in an elite Chinese university." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607974.
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Diaz, Pineda Hector Manuel. "Rural elite and peasant strategies in the restructuring of the coffee market in Veracruz, Mexico, 1989-1996." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2698/.
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This thesis is based on two main arguments. First, the coffee market is strongly regulated and embedded because of its natural setting and social make up. Coffee is a perennial cash crop mainly cultivated in tropical and semi-tropical mountains, where small producers have played an important role. Issues of labour intensity, land access and property rights, massive investments in infrastructure and credit, and cyclical behaviour of markets have shaped the emergence of coffee sector institutions. Countries, in which complex institutional arrangements were made to face these convergent factors, have succeeded in overcoming many "coffee crises". I present the case of Atzalan, Veracruz, in Mexico, as a case of institutional failure and loss of a privileged opportunity for rural development in poverty-stricken areas. Second, elites have commonly been neglected in analyses of how peasant practices and identities change in the context of agricultural 'modernisation'. This is particularly pertinent in the context of Mexico, where caciquismo has long been of extreme economic, social and political significance, both within and beyond state institutions. Elites are important in rural societies because they establish a privileged link with peasants, both in the coffee market and in other areas of social interaction. Their strategies of accommodation vis a vis the state and powerful actors have created opportunities for regional development, specialisation and integration in national and international markets. I present a historical perspective of a coffee producing region in Central Veracruz, whose local elites channelled federal and state resources, mobilised peasants and challenged state intervention in key economic activities. Elites are interlocked with peasant communities in many different and complex ways. Elites' knowledge of coffee markets has an effect on business making and market institutions (contracts and grading systems, price formation, value creation incentives). In turn, peasant organisations and their economic strategies are strongly influenced by this elite framework.
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Chung, Ting-yiu Robert, and 鍾庭耀. "Rural leadership in change: the case of Sheung Shui Village, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208186.
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Gattuso, Susan. "Books and book-owners in early-modern rural Norfolk : patterns and change amongst the educated and the elite." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405699.
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Silva, Elizabeth Rosa. "A organização e a influência da elite empresarial rural no processo de construção da agenda de governo: uma análise a partir da percepção de atores sociais de uma cidade do agronegócio da fronteira agrícola do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4268.
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Este trabalho examina a influência dos grandes produtores rurais sobre o processo de construção da agenda governamental a partir da percepção de atores locais de uma cidade do agronegócio da fronteira agrícola do Brasil. Busca-se aqui estabelecer uma contraposição entre a elite agrária tradicional, hegemônica no País até a década de 1930, e a atual elite empresarial rural, resultante da introdução do modelo do agronegócio em várias partes do território nacional, no início dos anos de 1970. Procura-se argumentar que tal modelo, centrado no mercado global de commodities agrícolas e agroindustriais, criou a figura do latifúndio moderno e administrado como empreendimento empresarial, o qual se impõe como padrão de ocupação da terra principalmente em regiões da fronteira agrícola localizadas no Centro-Oeste e partes do Nordeste do Brasil. Com o deslocamento espacial da agricultura e da agroindústria, surgiram nessas regiões diversas cidades do agronegócio, onde os grandes produtores rurais vêm se firmando como elite econômica e social local, além de ocuparem postos-chave nas prefeituras e governos estaduais. Como a interseção entre elites econômicas e políticas é uma constante na história do País, a tese se propõe a examinar como os atores de uma dessas cidades – Sorriso, no norte mato-grossense – percebem a organização e a influência dos grandes fazendeiros sobre a agenda pública e a vida local. Embora a análise se guie pela ótica do município, cuida-se aqui de inserir esta esfera no contexto mais amplo representado pelo nível nacional, onde se definem as principais políticas ligadas ao campo. O estudo se estende, assim, para a questão da intermediação de interesses, que tem como atores centrais as entidades classistas e setoriais, assim como a Bancada Ruralista, braço parlamentar da agropecuária no Congresso Nacional. A pesquisa indica que, no município, ao contrário do sugerido pela literatura acadêmica, o empenho dos grandes proprietários de terra na vida política se dá mais em função de motivações de recorte simbólico, relacionadas ao poder social, do que propriamente de interesses econômicos. Embora influentes, eles não têm uma representatividade política que lhes garanta o monopólio do poder local. Sua organização para a defesa de interesses junto às diferentes esferas governamentais parece pouca sólida nas bases, onde diferentes atores identificam uma cultura individualista que se traduz em baixo estoque de capital social.
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Almeida, Josà Wagner de. "ColÃgio AgrÃcola de Lavras ds Mangabeira (1947 - 2008): elite rural, ingerÃncia estrangeira e circulaÃÃo de ideias pedagÃgicas para o progresso do Brasil e do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19598.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorTrata do ensino agrÃcola, tomando como locus de observaÃÃo a dinÃmica da Escola AgrÃcola de Lavras da Mangabeira, no CearÃ, buscando compreendÃ-la no contexto da internacionalizaÃÃo das PolÃticas de EducaÃÃo AgrÃcola para o Brasil. Utiliza fonte bibliogrÃfica composta por alguns expoentes brasileiros e estrangeiros da HistÃria da EducaÃÃo, a exemplo de: Salles (1941), Castelo (1951), Nagle (1976), Andrade (1979), Velho (1979), Poulantzas (1985), Bandeira (1989), Capdeville (1991), Souza (1994), MendonÃa (1997), OtaÃza Romanelli (1999), Schelbauer (1999), NÃvoa e Schriewer (2000), Oliveira (2000), Nogueira (2002), Lerche (2002), Schwartzman (2000), FlÃvia Werle (2005), Cavalcante, (2005/2008), Del Priori (2006), MagalhÃes Filho (2009), Mattos (2010) e Jucà (2011). Adota abordagem histÃrica e qualitativa de pesquisa, com ancoragem no mÃtodo comparado e levantamento de fontes desenvolvido junto a acervos pÃblicos e privados, baseada em consulta a documentos, livros e iconografias, somada a relatos orais de sujeitos (diretores âprofessores â alunos e funcionÃrios) que vivenciaram a construÃÃo institucional do ColÃgio AgrÃcola de Lavras da Mangabeira, no CearÃ, entre 1947 a 2008. Apresenta narrativa configurada em periodizaÃÃo oriunda do exame da ordem cronolÃgica dos acontecimentos histÃricos, feita em conexÃo com marcos relevantes das polÃticas de Ensino AgrÃcola no Brasil e no CearÃ. Analisa a histÃria dessa instituiÃÃo escolar, traÃando ligaÃÃes e paralelos entre a dimensÃo local (Lavras da Mangabeira, CearÃ), nacional (Brasil) e internacional (Estados Unidos da AmÃrica). Como resultado, sumaria as seguintes indicaÃÃes: 1) As polÃticas de ensino agrÃcola no Brasil foram marcadas por interesses econÃmicos bem delineados, tendo os principais produtores agrÃcolas como agentes de intermediaÃÃo junto ao Estado brasileiro; 2) A luta empreendida pela sociedade civil organizada em prol da educaÃÃo agrÃcola respondia, ao nÃvel local, ao apelo desenvolvimentista brasileiro entÃo propagado em sintonia com orientaÃÃo dos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica; 3) A difusÃo das ideias americanas para a agricultura foi amplamente divulgada, graÃas a acordos e convÃnios firmados entre os governos brasileiro e americano; 4) A parceria Brasil-EUA no plano educacional favoreceu a criaÃÃo de uma rede nacional e estadual de escolas agrÃcolas, que foi responsÃvel pela formaÃÃo de profissionais em nÃvel tÃcnico â tÃcnicos agrÃcolas â para atuar junto ao homem do campo e a agÃncias pÃblicas e privadas, como formadora e propagadora das ideias modernizantes da agricultura brasileira; 5) Os colÃgios agrÃcolas da rede cearense representaram para os jovens interioranos uma oportunidade para alcance de uma melhoria de vida e garantia de inserÃÃo profissional considerada compensatÃria. Conclui que o ensino agrÃcola no Brasil foi resultado de uma conjugaÃÃo de elementos decisÃrios da sua polÃtica econÃmica, associada a uma estratÃgia desenvolvimentista americana, onde, as escolas agrÃcolas serviram como um espaÃo de difusÃo, circulaÃÃo e adoÃÃo de ideias agrÃrio-agrÃcolas e pedagÃgicas consideradas modernizantes para o meio rural.
This agricultural education, taking as observation locus of the dynamics of the Agricultural School of Lavras da Mangabeira, CearÃ, seeking to understand it in the context of the internationalization of Agricultural Education Policies for Brazil. Uses bibliographic source composed of some Brazilian exponents and foreign History of Education, such Salles (1941), Castle (1951), Nagle (1976), Andrade (1979), Old (1979), Poulantzas (1985), Flag (1989), Capdeville (1991), Souza (1994), Mendonca (1997), OTAIZA Romanelli (1999), Schelbauer (1999), NÃvoa and Schriewer (2000), Oliveira (2000), walnut (2002), Lerche (2002 ), Schwartzman (2000), Flavia Werle (2005), Cavalcante (2005-2008), Del Priori (2006), Magalhaes Filho (2009), Mattos (2010) and Juca (2011). It adopts historical and qualitative research, with anchoring the comparative method and survey sources developed with public and private collections, based on the consultation documents, books and iconography, in addition to oral reports of subjects (-professores directors - students and staff) who experienced the institutional construction of the Agricultural College of Lavras da Mangabeira, Cearà from 1947 to 2008. it presents narrative set in periodization derived from the examination of the chronological order of historical events, made in connection with important milestones of agricultural education policies in Brazil and In Ceara. Analyzes the history of this educational institution, tracing connections and parallels between the local dimension (Lavras da Mangabeira, CearÃ), national (Brazil) and international (United States). As a result, summarizes the following: 1) agricultural education policies in Brazil were marked by well-designed economic interests, and the main agricultural producers as intermediary agents to the Brazilian State; 2) The struggle undertaken by civil society organizations in support of agricultural education respond at the local level, the call then Brazilian developmentalist propagated in line with guidance from the United States; 3) The spread of American ideas for agriculture was widely publicized, thanks to signed agreements and agreements between the Brazilian and US governments; 4) The Brazil-US partnership in the educational plan favored the creation of a state and national network of agricultural schools, which was responsible for the training of professionals in technical - agricultural technicians - to work with the man of the field and the public agencies and private as forming and propagator of modernizing ideas of Brazilian agriculture; 5) The agricultural colleges cearense network accounted for the young provincials an opportunity to reach a better life and a job guarantee considered compensatory. It concludes that agricultural education in Brazil was the result of a combination of decision elements of its economic policy, together with an American development strategy, where agricultural schools served as a broadcast space, circulation and adoption of agrarian agricultural and pedagogical ideas considered for modernizing the rural areas.
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Almeida, José Wagner de. "Colégio Agrícola de Lavras ds Mangabeira (1947 - 2008): elite rural, ingerência estrangeira e circulação de ideias pedagógicas para o progresso do Brasil e do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/23423.
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ALMEIDA, José Wagner de. Colégio Agrícola de Lavras da Mangabeira (1947 - 2008): elite rural, ingerência estrangeira e circulação de ideias pedagógicas para o progresso do Brasil e do Ceará. 2016. 272f. – Tese (Doutorado) Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-19T13:24:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jwalmeida.pdf: 4871602 bytes, checksum: 049136ea832db1daf507593ed236c08d (MD5)
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This agricultural education, taking as observation locus of the dynamics of the Agricultural School of Lavras da Mangabeira, Ceará, seeking to understand it in the context of the internationalization of Agricultural Education Policies for Brazil. Uses bibliographic source composed of some Brazilian exponents and foreign History of Education, such Salles (1941), Castle (1951), Nagle (1976), Andrade (1979), Old (1979), Poulantzas (1985), Flag (1989), Capdeville (1991), Souza (1994), Mendonca (1997), OTAIZA Romanelli (1999), Schelbauer (1999), Nóvoa and Schriewer (2000), Oliveira (2000), walnut (2002), Lerche (2002 ), Schwartzman (2000), Flavia Werle (2005), Cavalcante (2005-2008), Del Priori (2006), Magalhaes Filho (2009), Mattos (2010) and Juca (2011). It adopts historical and qualitative research, with anchoring the comparative method and survey sources developed with public and private collections, based on the consultation documents, books and iconography, in addition to oral reports of subjects (-professores directors - students and staff) who experienced the institutional construction of the Agricultural College of Lavras da Mangabeira, Ceará from 1947 to 2008. it presents narrative set in periodization derived from the examination of the chronological order of historical events, made in connection with important milestones of agricultural education policies in Brazil and In Ceara. Analyzes the history of this educational institution, tracing connections and parallels between the local dimension (Lavras da Mangabeira, Ceará), national (Brazil) and international (United States). As a result, summarizes the following: 1) agricultural education policies in Brazil were marked by well-designed economic interests, and the main agricultural producers as intermediary agents to the Brazilian State; 2) The struggle undertaken by civil society organizations in support of agricultural education respond at the local level, the call then Brazilian developmentalist propagated in line with guidance from the United States; 3) The spread of American ideas for agriculture was widely publicized, thanks to signed agreements and agreements between the Brazilian and US governments; 4) The Brazil-US partnership in the educational plan favored the creation of a state and national network of agricultural schools, which was responsible for the training of professionals in technical - agricultural technicians - to work with the man of the field and the public agencies and private as forming and propagator of modernizing ideas of Brazilian agriculture; 5) The agricultural colleges cearense network accounted for the young provincials an opportunity to reach a better life and a job guarantee considered compensatory. It concludes that agricultural education in Brazil was the result of a combination of decision elements of its economic policy, together with an American development strategy, where agricultural schools served as a broadcast space, circulation and adoption of agrarian agricultural and pedagogical ideas considered for modernizing the rural areas.
Trata do ensino agrícola, tomando como locus de observação a dinâmica da Escola Agrícola de Lavras da Mangabeira, no Ceará, buscando compreendê-la no contexto da internacionalização das Políticas de Educação Agrícola para o Brasil. Utiliza fonte bibliográfica composta por alguns expoentes brasileiros e estrangeiros da História da Educação, a exemplo de: Salles (1941), Castelo (1951), Nagle (1976), Andrade (1979), Velho (1979), Poulantzas (1985), Bandeira (1989), Capdeville (1991), Souza (1994), Mendonça (1997), Otaíza Romanelli (1999), Schelbauer (1999), Nóvoa e Schriewer (2000), Oliveira (2000), Nogueira (2002), Lerche (2002), Schwartzman (2000), Flávia Werle (2005), Cavalcante, (2005/2008), Del Priori (2006), Magalhães Filho (2009), Mattos (2010) e Jucá (2011). Adota abordagem histórica e qualitativa de pesquisa, com ancoragem no método comparado e levantamento de fontes desenvolvido junto a acervos públicos e privados, baseada em consulta a documentos, livros e iconografias, somada a relatos orais de sujeitos (diretores –professores – alunos e funcionários) que vivenciaram a construção institucional do Colégio Agrícola de Lavras da Mangabeira, no Ceará, entre 1947 a 2008. Apresenta narrativa configurada em periodização oriunda do exame da ordem cronológica dos acontecimentos históricos, feita em conexão com marcos relevantes das políticas de Ensino Agrícola no Brasil e no Ceará. Analisa a história dessa instituição escolar, traçando ligações e paralelos entre a dimensão local (Lavras da Mangabeira, Ceará), nacional (Brasil) e internacional (Estados Unidos da América). Como resultado, sumaria as seguintes indicações: 1) As políticas de ensino agrícola no Brasil foram marcadas por interesses econômicos bem delineados, tendo os principais produtores agrícolas como agentes de intermediação junto ao Estado brasileiro; 2) A luta empreendida pela sociedade civil organizada em prol da educação agrícola respondia, ao nível local, ao apelo desenvolvimentista brasileiro então propagado em sintonia com orientação dos Estados Unidos da América; 3) A difusão das ideias americanas para a agricultura foi amplamente divulgada, graças a acordos e convênios firmados entre os governos brasileiro e americano; 4) A parceria Brasil-EUA no plano educacional favoreceu a criação de uma rede nacional e estadual de escolas agrícolas, que foi responsável pela formação de profissionais em nível técnico – técnicos agrícolas – para atuar junto ao homem do campo e a agências públicas e privadas, como formadora e propagadora das ideias modernizantes da agricultura brasileira; 5) Os colégios agrícolas da rede cearense representaram para os jovens interioranos uma oportunidade para alcance de uma melhoria de vida e garantia de inserção profissional considerada compensatória. Conclui que o ensino agrícola no Brasil foi resultado de uma conjugação de elementos decisórios da sua política econômica, associada a uma estratégia desenvolvimentista americana, onde, as escolas agrícolas serviram como um espaço de difusão, circulação e adoção de ideias agrário-agrícolas e pedagógicas consideradas modernizantes para o meio rural.
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Piccin, Marcos Botton 1980. "Os senhores da terra e da guerra no Rio Grande do Sul : um estudo sobre as práticas de reprodução social do patronato rural estancieiro." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281005.
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Orientador: Sônia Maria Pessoa Pereira BergamascoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese analisa as estratégias de reprodução social dos grandes proprietários fundiários criadores de gado do Rio Grande do Sul a partir do estabelecimento da República, cujos domínios se convencionou chamar de estâncias e de estancieiros seus senhores. Por estratégias se entende o conjunto das práticas pelos quais os indivíduos ou grupos de indivíduos procuram manter ou melhorar sua posição na estrutura social. Trata-se de desvendar as práticas através das quais este setor social busca conservar ou ampliar seus diferenciais de poder em relação aos demais agentes do espaço social, assim como o feixe de condições sociais em que elas ocorrem. A história de ocupação contemporânea do território deste estado, marcada por grandes propriedades de criar nas suas áreas de campos e pela instalação de colônias de imigrantes europeus em áreas de florestas, sobretudo de alemães e italianos, determinou influências mútuas quanto à dinâmica dos poderes exercidos nestes espaços sociais. No espaço estancieiro houve um duplo bloqueio aos setores subordinados relativo ao impedimento de migrar para as áreas de matas, devido à instalação das colônias, e à impossibilidade de migrações coletivas ao trabalho industrial devido à preferência do braço imigrante, ao menos até meados de 1950, e das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento das regiões coloniais que fazia ampliar a concorrência pela oferta de mão de obra nas áreas industriais. Esses efeitos, somados aos da Lei de Terras de 1850, aos cercamentos dos campos, à força e violência na apropriação privada da terra, determinaram a estrutura de poderes assimétricos na qual os estancieiros desenvolveram relações de dominação personalizada em relação à força de trabalho em seus domínios até o início da década de 1990. Externamente à estrutura de dominação do espaço estancieiro, a complexidade das relações entre os grupos dominantes no espaço estadual e nacional promoveu uma grande transformação da elite estancieira a partir de meados de 1940: deixar de ser subsidiária às lavouras de exportação do Nordeste açucareiro e do Sudeste cafeeiro, para se tornar produtora de um artigo de luxo, a carne frigorificada, a partir de uma rede de frigoríficos por eles coordenada. A trajetória de ascensão coletiva da elite estancieira, devido, sobretudo, à valorização do preço dos gados, se dá até o final da década de 1980, quando a baixa dos preços dos gados provoca a quebra de seus frigoríficos, havendo maior pressão para reconversão de trajetórias a partir de então. Essa história objetivada também determinou uma história incorporada na forma habitus, em termos de princípios de visão e divisão do mundo, comportamentos e disposições sociais que são externalizadas em suas práticas, além dos investimentos e cálculos específicos não somente relativos aos propriamente econômicos, mas também em termos de acúmulo de capitais sociais e culturais. À decadência relativa que se inicia a partir de meados de 1990, que é de seu capital social, além do econômico, processa-se um descompasso e inaptidão de seus habitus frente ao que é exigido em termos de disposições sociais pelas alterações que ocorrem no espaço social e, grosso modo, pela sociedade em geral
Abstract: The present thesis analyzes the strategies of social reproduction of the large landowners breeders in Rio Grande do Sul from the establishment of the Republic, whose domain is conventionally called ranches and ranchers their masters. The strategies are meant the set of practices by which individuals or groups of individuals seek to maintain or improve their position in the social structure. It means to unveil the practices through which this social sector or expanding your search conserve power differentials in relation to other agents of social space, as well as the bundle of social conditions in which they occur. The contemporary history of occupation of the territory in this state is marked by great estates created in their areas of fields and installation of colonies of European immigrants in forest areas, especially Germans and Italians, established mutual influences on the dynamics of these powers exercised in social spaces. Within rancher's domain there was a double lock on the subordinate sectors as an impediment to migrate to areas of forests, due to the installation of the colonies, and the impossibility of collective labor migration due to the branch of the industrial immigrant preference, at least until mid-1950, and the dynamics of development of the regions that made colonial increase competition by offering labor in industrial areas. These effects, together with the Land Law of 1850, the enclosure of the fields, to force and violence in the private appropriation of land, determined the structure of power in which ranchers had asymmetrical customized relations of domination developed in relation to the workforce in their fields until the early 1990s. Externally the structure of domination of rancher's space, the complexity of the relationships between dominant groups within state and national organized a major transformation of rancher's elite from mid-1940: stop being subsidiary to export crops of sugar from Northeast and coffee from Southeast, to become producing a luxury, meat cold storage, from a network of refrigeration coordinated by them. The trajectory of collective rancher's elite rise, mainly due to the appreciation in the price of cattle, occurs until the late 1980s, when lower prices for cattle causes the breakdown of their refrigerators, with greater pressure for conversion of trajectories since then. This story objectified also determined a corporate history as habitus, in terms of principles of vision and division of the world, social behaviors and dispositions that are outsourced in their practices, in addition to investments and specific calculations not only for the specifically economic, but also in terms of accumulation of social and cultural capital. The relative decadence that begins from mid 1990, which is its capital, beyond the economic processes are a mismatch and ineptitude of their habitus forward to what is required in terms of social provisions for changes that occur in social space and roughly by society in general
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Gould, David Robert. "Rabbit warrens of South-West England : landscape context, socio-economic significance and symbolism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27374.
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For several centuries following their introduction into the British Isles by the Normans, rabbits were farmed on man-made warrens. The right to hunt rabbits during the medieval period was restricted to the highest strata of society and warrens, and rabbit products, carried connotations of wealth and exclusivity. During the post-medieval period, as rabbits became less expensive, their exclusivity declined and access to the species increased across a wider spread of the population. Consequently, later warrens tended to be purely commercial ventures that in places lingered as a form of animal husbandry up until the early twentieth century. Evidence of these warrens is particularly common across England and Wales and typically, although not exclusively, takes the form of pillow mounds, earthworks created to encourage rabbits to burrow. Despite their longevity and high numbers, warrens remain relatively little studied. This thesis investigates surviving warren architecture within south-west England, incorporating archaeological data into a GIS in order to identify the locational, morphological and typological trends of the region’s warrens. It also assesses associations between warrens and other classes of archaeology, notably elite residences and parks, large ecclesiastical institutions and prehistoric earthworks. Doing so allows for a better understanding of warrens’ roles within their immediate environs and of their relationships with other aspects of the human landscape. This study also addresses natural geographical aspects of the landscape in order to determine the principal factors that influenced where warrens were installed. This study investigates documentary reference to warrens as many have not survived within the landscape. Medieval chancery rolls in particular allow for the creation of a national framework of warrening so that the South West can be compared and contrasted to other regions of medieval England. Documentary references, both medieval and post-medieval, to the South West’s warrens allow for the creation of a discrete regional history that defines the context for the establishment of the region’s warren architecture. This study assesses how rabbits were interpreted by medieval society and discusses symbolism, particularly the visual role played by warrens in advertising their owners’ wealth and any possible religious concepts associated with rabbits.
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BATISTA, Francisco de Assis. "Nas trilhas da resistência cotidiana: O protagonismo exercitado pelos camponeses no Cariri Paraibano (1900-1950)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2010. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/2029.
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O Cariri da Paraíba, de acordo com os registros de doações de sesmarias, foi sendo ocupado, no início do século XVIII, por pessoas que tinham por objetivo estabelecer fazendas de gado. Mesmo não se atendo, apenas, a fontes documentais que registravam as sesmarias, é possível perceber que a ocupação da região foi se dando, também, por pessoas sem terras, escravos e exescravos que para aquela área se dirigiram, em busca de terras que lhes possibilitassem a subsistência. Essas pessoas em constantes embates com a elite rural da região foram se estabelecendo e deram origem ao campesinato regional. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as práticas de resistência cotidiana, exercitadas por este campesinato, frente às práticas de dominação da elite rural, no Cariri Ocidental da Paraíba, no período de 1900 a 1950. Para realizar essa análise, utilizamos como fonte de pesquisa documentos da Igreja Católica, documentos cartoriais, manuscritos de pessoas da região, entrevistas e também publicações literárias de pessoas que trataram de relatar os conflitos que presenciaram na época, tanto entre a elite rural quanto entre essa elite e os camponeses. A análise dessas fontes nos possibilitou perceber pistas e sinais das formas como se davam as relações sociais entre a elite rural e os camponeses, favorecendo, dessa forma, a análise das relações de dominação e de resistência protagonizadas pelos camponeses. As análises realizadas nos permitiram concluir que os camponeses mesmo enfrentando as práticas de dominação da elite rural, desenvolveram, conforme as suas possibilidades, estratégias de resistência cotidiana.
The Cariri of Paraíba, according to the records of donations of land grants, has been busy in the early eighteenth century, by people who aimed to establish cattle ranches. Even not be linked, only the source documents that recorded the allotments, you can see that the occupation of the region was being given, also, for people without land, slaves and former slaves to the area they went in search of land enables them to subsistence. These people in constant clashes with the rural elite of the region were being established and gave rise to regional peasantry. This study aims to analyze the practices of everyday resistance, exercised by the peasantry, against the practices of domination of the rural elite in the West Cariri of Paraíba, in the period 1900 to 1950. For this analysis, we used as a source of research documents of the Catholic Church, registry documents, manuscripts of local people, interviews, and also publications by people who had tried to report the conflicts witnessed at the time, both among the rural elite and among the elite and the peasants. The analysis of these sources has enabled us to see tracks and signs the forms in which they gave the social relations between the rural elite and the peasants, thus benefit the analysis of relations of domination and resistance played out by peasants. The analysis carried out showed that farmers facing the same practices of domination of the rural elite, developed according to their possibilities, everyday strategies of resistance.
Le Cariri de Paraíba, selon les registres de dons de concessions de terres, a été occupé dans le début du XVIIIe siècle, par des gens qui visait à établir des ranchs de bétail. Même pas être liée, seuls les documents source qui a enregistré les attributions excédentaires, vous pouvez voir que l'occupation de la région a été donné, aussi, pour les personnes sans terre, les esclaves et anciens esclaves dans la région ils sont allés en quête de terres leur permet de subsistance. Ces personnes lors d'affrontements constants avec les élites rurales de la région ont été mis en place et a donné lieu à une paysannerie régionale. Cette étude vise à analyser les pratiques quotidiennes de la résistance exercée par la paysannerie, contre les pratiques de domination de l'élite rurale dans l'Ouest Cariri de Paraíba, dans la période de 1900 à 1950. Pour cette analyse, nous avons utilisé comme une source de documents de recherche de l'Église catholique, les documents d'enregistrement, des manuscrits de la population locale, interviews, ainsi que des publications par des gens qui avaient tenté de rapporter le témoin de conflits à l'époque, tant chez l'élite rurale et parmi les d'élite et les paysans. L'analyse de ces sources nous a permis d'observer des traces et des signes les formes dans lesquelles ils ont donné les relations sociales entre les élites rurales et les paysans, ainsi bénéficier de l'analyse des rapports de domination et de résistance joué par les paysans. L'analyse effectuée a montré que les agriculteurs face aux mêmes pratiques de domination de l'élite rurale, développée en fonction de leurs possibilités, les stratégies quotidiennes de résistance.
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Woods, Michael. "Elites in the rural local state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b11941de-ee75-4694-8f69-6d0930078cd7.
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Lefeuvre, Philippe. "La notabilité rurale dans le contado florentin Valdarno Supérieur et Chianti, aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H015.
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Conçue comme une enquête sur les élites rurales, cette thèse vise à restituer les étapes permettant au notable rural, un idéal-type social, de s'imposer dans un territoire donné. Le contado florentin est un cas paradigmatique. Les mobilités sociales et I'inurbamento des ruraux aisés sont vus comme les facteurs d'affaiblissement de communautés rurales livrées aux appétits citadins. La recherche mobilise le fonds de trois abbayes vallombrosaines, Montescalari, la Vallombreuse (Coltibuono, en se concentrant sur le quart Sud-Est du contado florentin (fonds Diplomatico de l'Archivio di Stato d Flo rence). La reconstitution de trajectoires familiale s'oblige à replacer ces trajectoires dans l' évolution plus large de logiques de la distinction sociale . Les éléments qui fondent la sociabilité rurale se transforment radicalement. Une société organisée à l'échelle locale, et très hiérarchisée dans le cadre seigneurial, fonctionne, jusqu'aux premières décennies du XIIIè siècle, sur l' exploitation de la terre et des hommes et sur la redistribution des bénéfices de la rente foncière entre un grand nombre de familles. Ce sont moins les profits du commerce et de l'artisanat rural qui font évoluer cette situation que l' intégration des patrimoines seigneuriaux aux dynamiques économiques de la ville. Le crédit fonctionne alors au dépens des anciennes solidarités pour devenir un facteur de différenciation sociale. Au même moment, on observe un transformation des cercles à l ' intérieur desquels se conservent et se transmettent les capitaux symboliques et matériels : la famille et ses prolongements; les seigneuries rurales ; les communes rurales et les clientèles de la haute aristocratieThis thesis is an investigation into rural elites. It aims to evidence the process by which rural notables, considered here as a social type, establish their ascendency over a given territory. The Florentine contado is a case in point. Social mobility and the move of the wealthiest inhabitants of the country to the city are shown as primarily responsible for undermining the social cohesion of rural communities, increasingly preyed upon by townsmen. This research is based on three monastic archives, Montescalari, Vallombrosa and Coltibuono, and focuses on the Upper Valdarno valley and the Chianti hills (the archives are held by the Archivio di Stato of Florence, in the Diplomatico). Reconstructing the history and careers of the local notability provides a wider understanding of the way in which social distinction works and evolves over time, transforming rural communities and traditional rural sociability. From the early 12th century up to the first decades of the 13th century, rural communities in the contado were organized on a local and feudal basis, around a significant number of landowning families who exploited the land and the men who worked it, and organized the redistribution of the rent. That pattern changed, not so much because of the rise of city merchants and artisans, but because landlords started to use their lands and feudal power as a means to gain ground in the new urban economy. They neglected older rural solidarities to become providers of credit, which soon worked as an important factor of social differenciation. The social structures (the extended family, fiefdoms, rural towns and the nobility's clientele) which had been the traditional framework for keeping and transmitting capital (both economic and symbolic), were radically transformed in the process
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Mello, Paulo Freire. "Clientelismo e brokerage na reforma agrária : a ascensão das novas elites." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35399.
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O assentamento Viamão, localizado no município de mesmo nome, foi o local escolhido para compreender as estratégias de ascensão social de determinados grupos de assentados. Partimos da hipótese de que o espaço de mediação entre o INCRA e os assentamentos está permeado de relações do tipo patrão-cliente, o que possibilita o controle dos recursos públicos por parte do segmento dos assentados que dirigem ou estão vinculados ao MST e, com isso, promovem a ascensão de uma elite política nos assentamentos, com os correlatos prejuízos por parte daqueles que não se enquadram às novas hierarquias. Para dar conta desta tarefa, acompanhamos o desenrolar das ações dos mediadores e as disputas internas pelo controle dos recursos públicos (terra, água para irrigação do arroz, recursos financeiros e até a possibilidade de definição daqueles que devem ser ou não punidos pelo INCRA, órgãos de controle e justiça) entre as duas principais facções internas. Para além das vicissitudes típicas de assentamentos brasileiros, este contou com algumas peculiaridades – grande presença de várzeas, ausência de demarcação por logo período e limitações relacionadas à presença de reservas ambientais – que conformaram uma fraca institucionalização interna e contribuíram para engendrar modos de vida adaptativos. O principal deles foi representado por uma combinação de pluriatividade com arrendamento das várzeas para plantio do arroz por outros assentados. Este processo foi viabilizado por coalizões informais, na forma de conjuntos-ação com elementos de relação patrão-cliente. Constatamos que o grupo ligado ao MST, com ideário socializante e, fundamentalmente, ecologizante, obteve êxito no domínio do espaço de mediação, inclusive pela expulsão daqueles que o opunham. Isto foi possível graças a uma cadeia clientelística que começava nos conjuntos-ação, passava por brokers internos ao assentamento e alcançava as “panelinhas” existentes no INCRA, momento em que o processo se apresenta como uma espécie de clientelismo concentrado, na medida em que somente os líderes do MST conseguem construir pontes entre o buraco estrutural que separa o INCRA dos assentados e consolidar uma doxa legitimadora do discurso militante, causa e conseqüência deste processo.Viamão The settlement, located in the municipality of the same name, was the venue for understanding the strategies for social mobility of certain groups of settlers. Our hypothesis is that the area of mediation between INCRA and the settlements is permeated by relations of patron-client, which enables control of public resources by the segment of the settlers who run or linked to the MST and thus, promote the rise of a political elite in the settlements, with the related losses by those who do not fit the new hierarchies. To cope with this task, we follow the progress of the actions of mediators and the infighting for control of public resources (land, water for irrigation of rice, funds and even the possibility of defining those who should be punished or not by INCRA, organs control and justice) between the two main internal factions. In addition to the vicissitudes of typical Brazilian settlements, it had some peculiarities - the large presence of wetlands, lack of demarcation for long period and limitations related to the presence of environmental reserves - which have made a weak internal institutionalization and helped engender adaptive lifestyles. The main one was represented by a combination of pluriativity with tenancy of the paddy fields for planting rice by other settlers. This process was made possible by informal coalitions in the form of jointaction with elements of patron-client relationship. We find that a group linked to the MST, with socialist and, essentially, ecological ideals succeeded in the area of mediation, including the expulsion of those who opposed. This was possible thanks to a chain that began in clientelistic joint-action, passed by the internal settlement brokers and reached the "panelinhas" of INCRA bureaucracy, when the process is presented as a sort of clientelism concentrated, in that only MST leaders can build bridges between the structural hole that separates the INCRA of the settlements and consolidate a discourse militant legitimating doxa, cause and consequence of this process.
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Conceição, Carla Fernandes da. "Configuração das elites política e econômica em São Carlos/SP – 1873 a 1904." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7101.
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Outra
Through the transition from Empire to Republic in Brazil, coffee farmers constituted the economic and political elite on the municipal, state and federal levels. Starting from a Historical Sociology perspective and based on classical authors – Mosca, Pareto and Michels – the present research aimed to investigate the coffee farmers presence within the elite of São Carlos city, in São Paulo state, Brazil. With this respect, studying the configuration of those farmers was shown to be relevant to comprehend the bonds created and maintained between elite members, specifically between the years 1873 and 1904.
No período compreendido entre a passagem do Império para a República, os fazendeiros de café paulistas compunham a elite econômica e política nas esferas municipal, estadual e federal. Partindo de uma perspectiva da Sociologia Histórica e baseando-se nos autores clássicos do estudo das elites – Mosca, Pareto e Michels, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo entender a presença dos fazendeiros de café nas transformações ocorridas no município de São Carlos. Para tanto, estudar a configuração destes fazendeiros mostrou-se relevante para a compreensão das relações mantidas e criadas entre os membros desta elite, especificamente, no período entre 1873 a 1904.
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McHugh, Sarah. "Renewing Athens : the ideology of the past in Roman Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:edb6cac4-ff85-4635-9e66-f92524b7226c.
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In this thesis we explore the period of renewal that Athens experienced during the second century AD. This century saw Athens at the peak of her cultural prominence in the Roman Empire: the city was the centre of the League of the Panhellenion and hosted a vibrant sophistic scene that attracted orators from across the Greek world, developments which were ideologically fuelled by contemporary conceptions of Classical Athens. While this Athenian 'golden age' is a standard feature of scholarship on Greek culture under Rome, my thesis delves further to explore the renewal of the urban and rural landscapes at this time and the relationship between that process and constructions of Athenian identity. We approach the renewal of second-century Athens through four lenses: past and present in the Ilissos area; the rhetoric of the Panhellenion; elite conflict and competition; and the character of the Attic countryside. My central conclusions are as follows: 1. The renewal of Athens was effected chiefly by Hadrian and the Athenian elite and was modelled on an ideal Athenian past, strategically manipulated to suit present purpose; the attractions of the fifth-century golden age for this programme of renewal meant that politically contentious history of radical democracy and aggressive imperialism had to be safely rewritten. 2. Athens and Attica retained their uniquely integrated character in the second century. Rural Attica was the subject of a powerful sacro-idyllic ideology and played a vital role in concepts of Athenian identity, while simultaneously serving as a functional landscape of production and inhabitation. 3. The true socio-economic importance of the Attic countryside as a settled and productive landscape should be investigated without unduly privileging the limited evidence from survey, and by combining all available sources, both literary and documentary, with attention to their content, cultural context and ideological relevance.
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Sánchez, Carol. "A broken promise: an insight into the killings of social leaders and the elites' resistance to the implementation of the Comprehensive Rural Reform in Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-450066.
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Four years after the signing of the Final Agreement for the Termination of the Armed Conflict in Colombia, the promises made to achieve a stable and lasting peace have by no means materialized at the expected pace. The implementation of the Agreements has focused on the demobilization of the FARC-EP while structural transformations to reduce the causes for the existence or prolongation of the conflict have been neglected. While the political and economic elites make efforts to halt the implementation –especially the compromises dealing with the rural reform– those who promote such structural changes have been stigmatized and violated in an effort to maintain the status quo. As a result, Colombia has the highest number of killings of social leaders in Latin America. The leaders mobilizing peasant causes have suffered with particular intensity from this violence. This thesis thus uses a qualitative method of study, developed through data collection, to analyze the relationship between the elite resistance to the implementation of the Comprehensive Rural Reform and the assassinations of social leaders in Colombia. The conceptual basis for the research is the theory of structural violence.Cuatro años después de la firma del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto Armado en Colombia, la promesas hechas para lograr una paz estable y duradera no se han materializado al ritmo esperado. La implementación de lo pactado se ha centrado en la desmovilización de las FARC-EP mientras las transformaciones estructurales para disminuir las causas de la existencia o prolongación del conflicto han quedado relegadas.. En este escenario, aquellos que impulsan esos cambios estructurales o mobilizan a sus comunidades en las exigencies de sus derechos han sido estigmatizados y violentados en un esfuerzo por mantener el estatus quo; mientras las élites políticas y económicas hacen esfuerzos para frenar lo pactado. Como resultado, Colombia presenta la cifra más alta de asesinatos en contra de líderes sociales en America Latina. Los líderes que mobilizan causas campesinas han sufrido con especial intensidad esta violencia. Esta tesis usa un método cualitativo de análisis, desarrollado a traves de la recolección y análisis de datos, para analizar la relación entre la resistencia de las élites a la implementación de la Reforma Rural Integral y los asesinatos de líderes sociales en Colombia. La base conceptual para esta investigación la violencia structural.
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Vives, Riera Antoni. "Modernització i pervivència de la vila rural com a subjecte històric durant el S.XX. Les festes de Sant Antoni i el Cant de l'Argument a la vila d'Artà (Mallorca)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1998.
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Davant les dificultats que des del camp de la historiografia i altres ciències socials s'han donat per entendre l'acció col·lectiva de la pagesia conservadora durant els segles XIX i XX, sobretot pel que fa a la seva actitud de deferència de classe respecte a les corresponents elits locals, plantejam l'estudi de la seva veu com a subjecte històric, per a aprofundir amb les motivacions que els ha dut a optar per determinades pràctiques socials al llarg de la història. La tesis parteix de les base que les viles rurals d'Europa Occidental han disposat de mecanismes culturals que els han permès aglutinar-se sota una sola veu representativa i reproduir-se com a subjectes històrics. En la investigació plantejam la tradició dels "arguments" que es canten per les festes de sant Antoni a la Vila d'Artà com un d'aquests mecanismes a partir dels quals al llarg del segle XX s'ha esdevingut la reproducció de la subjectivitat històrica de la mateixa vila. Els "arguments" són llargues cançons en vers sobre els principals fets esdevinguts a la vila d'Artà durant tot l'any. Són cantats el dia de les festes de sant Antoni i composts per un "glosador", considerat tradicionalment portaveu popular. Així, en la nostra recerca examinam com els processos de modernització en termes de reforma de la cultura popular i aculturació urbana del món rural han afectat aquesta tradició de configuració de la identitat i subjectivitat locals, avaluant si això ha suposat la seva pèrdua de pes i significació social.La formulació de les nostres hipòtesis s'ha d'entendre en el marc de la teoria del discurs de Michel Foucault, i a partir del principi d'experiència col·lectiva d'Edward P. Thompson, que ens permet entendre els subjectes socials com a fenòmens històrics. La metodologia a partir de la qual interrogam les fonts és una anàlisi de la tradició dels arguments com a mercat lingüístic en termes de Pierre Bourdieu. Igualment, seguint les tesis de Roger Chartier, amb l'objectiu d'avaluar si la tradició dels arguments ha esdevingut i ha persistit en el temps com a mecanisme de reproducció de la subjectivitat històrica de la vila d'Artà, hem analitzat la dinàmica històrica de les normes i convencions que el caracteritzen com a gènere literari i de comunicació. Això ha suposat per una banda, una anàlisi de l'evolució de les festes de sant Antoni com a ritual social i els diferents intents de domesticació dels seus actes, entre els quals destaca la tradició dels arguments. Per altra banda, també s'ha traduït en una anàlisi de l'evolució de la figura dels glosadors que han compost arguments a partir dels prototipus mítics de caràcter fundacional, així com l'anàlisi de l'impacte de la difusió dels mitjans escrits en una tradició eminentment oral. Finalment, també ha suposat l'anàlisi del text dels arguments amb relació a certes constants discursives que han esdevingut la norma en la seva composició. Una d'aquestes constants consisteix en la reproducció de les representacions de la reciprocitat social pròpies de les economies morals de subsistència, a partir de la qual s'ha sostingut el dret dels més pobres a la supervivència en caos d'escassetat extrema per damunt del benefici privat. L'altra constant discursiva que esdevé norma en el text dels arguments és la concepció cíclica de la història com una successió d'èpoques de carestia i etapes d'abundància, a partir de la qual s'expliquen les crisis de subsidència com a conseqüència de les actituds malbaratadores i la relaxació moral de les èpoques de bonança.
Faced with the difficulties we use to have in order to understand collective action of conservative peasantry during the 19th and 20th century from the historiographical field and other social sciences, we propose studying its own voice. This way, we want to go deeply into the knowledge of the subjective motivations which brought peasant collectives to do some kind of social practices through history. The doctoral thesis is based on the idea that rural villages in Western Europe disposed of some cultural mechanisms which allowed them to crowd together under a singular representative voice and reproduce themselves as historical subjects. In our investigation we study the "arguments" which used to be sung on the Sant Antoni day in Artà, as a kind of these mechanisms through which this village had been able to reproduce itself as a historical subject along the 20th century. As a kind of oral poetry, the "arguments" were long songs about the main events happened in the village along the whole past year. They used to be composed by a "glosador", an oral poet traditionally considered a popular spokesperson. In our research we examined how modernisation, as a reform process of the carnivalesque popular culture and the urban assimilation of the rural as well, affected this tradition of configuration of the local identity and subjectivity. At the same time, we have evaluated if modernisation supposed the lost of its social weight and signification. The formulation of our hypothesis are to be understood in the Michel Foucault's theory of discourse, in addition the E. P, Thompson's notion of collective experience that allow us to understand social subjects as historical categories. Following the Roger Chatier's thesis about popular culture and reception, the methodology we interrogate the documentation through, was an analysis of the tradition of the "argument" as a linguistic market, in terms of Pierre Bourdieu.
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Salas, Carreño Guillermo. "Intoxication by mining revenues. San Marcos district politics after twelve years of Antamina’s presence." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79101.
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Este artículo describe y analiza los procesos de cambio en la políticadel distrito de San Marcos (Huari, Ancash) asociados con lallegada del canon minero —fracción del impuesto a renta pagadopor Antamina— que incrementó súbita y espectacularmente las arcasmunicipales de modo que San Marcos es hoy uno de los distritos másricos del Perú. El texto analiza estos cambios prestando atención alas elecciones municipales de 2006 y a la implementación del PlanPiloto de Mantenimiento de la Infraestructura Pública, que consisteen un programa de empleo temporal. Este último es clave para unanovedosa alianza entre el municipio y los sectores rurales, en particularel llamado Cono Sur, tradicionalmente ausente como actorpolítico importante en el distrito. La política distrital ha dejado deestar dominada por la pugna entre las dos facciones de familias exhacendadas para articularse en una oposición entre los caseríosrurales y el pueblo de San Marcos. La política local ha pasado degirar en torno a Antamina hacia acusaciones, debates y pugnasalrededor de la administración municipal del canon minero. No obstante,las comunidades campesinas que tienen una relación directa con Antamina continúan siendo actores políticos independientes delmunicipio y tienen un peso importante en el distrito.This paper describes and analyses the changes in local politicstaken place in the district of San Marcos (Huari, Ancash) associatedwith the arrival of the Canon Minero – a fraction of taxes paid byAntamina mining company to the Peruvian State. Canon Minero hasincreased sudden and spectacularly the municipality’s funds so muchthat currently San Marcos in «ones of the Peruvian richest districts».The paper pays attention to the municipal elections of 2006 and theimplementation of the Plan Piloto de Mantenimiento de la InfraestructuraPública, a program of temporary work for all San Marcos’citizens. The latter was key for launching a novel alliance betweenthe municipality and the rural population, particularly with the ConoSur composed by hamlets which were traditionally unimportantactors in district politics. Hence, district politics had stopped to bedominated by the struggle between two factions of former landlordfamilies and had become articulated by the opposition between therural hamlets and the town of San Marcos with the emergence ofethnic political claims. Also, local politics ceased to revolve aroundAntamina and has become entangled with struggles over the administrationof Canon Minero. Rural communities which have directnegotiations with Antamina remain important political actors whichare independent from the municipality and are even oppose to it.
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Tentoni, Justine. "Entre ville, faubourg et campagne : prosopographie des conseillers municipaux (Lyon et communes fusionnées, 1830-1870)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2130.
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La thèse se propose d’appréhender les compositions des conseils municipaux de Lyon et de ses trois faubourgs (jusqu’à leur rattachement à la ville en 1852) entre le début de la Monarchie de Juillet et la fin du Second Empire. La période, marquée à la fois par des transformations économiques et sociales importantes (industrialisation liée notamment à la Fabrique, apparition de nouvelles élites économiques) mais aussi par des bouleversements politiques (trois régimes et deux révolutions) est ainsi une époque privilégiée pour observer, par le prisme d’une institution locale, ces évolutions. A chaque changement de régime répondent des modifications électorales au niveau municipal. Les recherches suivent donc, grâce au recours à la méthode prosopographique, les itinéraires personnels, familiaux et publics des 575 personnalités qui siègent au sein des conseils municipaux de Lyon et/ou des faubourgs. Les sources, de nature variée (état civil, enregistrement, sources notariales, sources municipales, presse…), permettent de dresser un portrait type de cette l’élite locale au cœur du XIXème siècle. La spécificité du travail réside dans l’appréhension de ce groupe entre trois espaces interdépendants : la ville-centre (Lyon), les faubourgs (la Croix-Rousse, Vaise et la Guillotière) – espaces hybrides entre maintien de pratiques rurales et peuplement rapide d’une population ouvrière – et les campagnes (dessinant un plat pays lyonnais), dans lesquelles nombre de conseillers municipaux sont propriétaires et/ou exercent des responsabilités politiques ou publiques. La première partie de la thèse revient tout d’abord sur les bouleversements que connaît la période allant des Trois Glorieuses à la chute du Second Empire, notamment d’un point de vue électoral : on passe d’un conseil municipal nommé (1830-1831) à un conseil élu au suffrage censitaire (1831-1848) puis au suffrage universel (1848-1852) pour revenir enfin à un conseil nommé sous égide préfectorale sous le Second Empire (1852-1870). Il s’agit dès le départ de dresser un portrait global des conseillers municipaux et des conditions dans lesquelles ils sont désignés. Dans une deuxième partie, on s’attache à décrire plus amplement les membres du corpus – majoritaires – qui appartiennent aux élites locales traditionnelles. Les résultats montrent alors un groupe dont les comportements signent un conservatisme important : les itinéraires se construisent entre ville et campagne et les comportements en matière de fortune comme de stratégies familiales donnent à voir une élite locale dominante et qui se reproduit, l’étude réticulaire étant à ce titre significative. Cette bourgeoisie, où les élites classiques côtoient voire fusionnent avec les élites nouvelles, reste pour autant active dans des sphères de domination très localisées, autour du conseil municipal, des cercles et sociétés, mais ne dépasse que rarement le cadre lyonnais ou rhodanien. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, la thèse se propose d’interroger la question des renouvellements possibles dans ces espaces et temporalités mouvants : les questions d’une « descente de la politique vers les masses », (selon l’expression de M. Agulhon) ou encore d’une « révolution municipale » (décrite par J. George), qui seraient amorcées en 1831 et s’épanouiraient en 1848, sont ici réinterrogées. Par l’étude des conseillers municipaux de second plan et des figures plus populaires, siégeant majoritairement dans les faubourgs et/ou durant la parenthèse républicaine, on nuance l’idée d’institutions municipales immobiles. Mais à Lyon, face à la reprise en main rapide des pouvoirs centraux, on conclut finalement à l’échec du renouvellement municipal, même si l’apprentissage politique est réactivé rapidement après Sedan. En somme, les dix chapitres qui composent cette thèse – complétée par un volume d’annexes conséquent – interrogent le personnel politique local dans une période de transformations multiples, entre ville, faubourg et campagneThe thesis proposes to apprehend the compositions of the municipal councils of Lyon and its three suburbs (until their amalgam to the city in 1852) between the beginning of the Monarchy of July and the end of the Second Empire. The period, marked both by important economic and social transformations (industrialization linked notably to the Fabrique, emergence of new economic elites) but also by political upheavals (three regimes and two revolutions) is thus a privileged time to observe, by the prism of a local institution, these evolutions. At each modification of regime, there are electoral transformation at the municipal level. The research follows, thanks to the use of the prosopographic method, the personal, family and public paths of the 575 personalities who sit on the municipal councils of Lyon and / or the suburbs. The sources, varied in nature (civil status, notary sources, municipal sources, press ...), allow to draw a typical portrait of this local elite in the heart of the nineteenth century. The specificity of the work lies in the understanding of this group between three interdependent spaces: the city-center (Lyon), the suburbs (Croix-Rousse, Vaise and Guillotière) - hybrid spaces between maintenance of rural practices and rapid settlement of a working class - and the countryside (around Lyon area), in which many councilors are owners and / or exercise political or public responsibilities. The first part of the thesis is about the upheavals of the period from the Trois Glorieuses to the fall of the Second Empire, especially from an electoral point of view: from a named city council (1830-1831) to a council elected by censitaire suffrage (1831-1848) then by universal suffrage (1848-1852) to finally return to a council appointed under prefectural aegis under the Second Empire (1852-1870). From the beginning, it is a question of drawing a global portrait of the municipal councilors and the conditions under which they are appointed. In the second part, we focus on describing more fully the members of the corpus - majority - who belong to the traditional local elites. The results then show a group whose behavior signifies an important conservatism: itineraries are constructed between city and countryside, and wealth and family strategies reveal a dominant and reproducing local elite, the reticular study being as such significant. This bourgeoisie, where classical elites coexist or even merge with the new elites, remains above all active in very localized spheres of domination, around the municipal council, circles and societies, but rarely exceeds the Lyon or Rhone. Finally, in a third part, the thesis proposes to question the issue of the possible renewals in these spaces and moving temporalities: the questions of a "descent of politics towards the masses", (in the expression of M. Agulhon) or a "municipal revolution" (described by J. George), which would begin in 1831 and flourish in 1848, are here re-examined. By the study of second-class municipal councilors and more popular characters, sitting mainly in the suburbs and / or during the Republican parenthesis, the idea of immobile municipal institutions is nuanced. But in Lyon, faced with the rapid recovery of central powers, we finally conclude the failure of municipal renewal, even if political learning is reactivated quickly after Sedan. Finally, the ten chapters that make up this thesis - supplemented by a large volume of annexes - question the local political staff in a period of multiple transformations, between city, suburb and countryside
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Comes-Trinidad, Emilie. "Etude des dynamiques de peuplement en contexte de moyenne montagne à la fin du Moyen Age et au début de l'époque moderne (XIIè-XVIIè siècles) : Le cas du bassin versant de l’Eyrieux (Ardèche)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ2001.
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Le bassin versant de l’Eyrieux, en Ardèche centrale, est une zone de moyenne montagne formant une marche entre le plateau vivaro-vellave et la vallée du Rhône. Ce territoire, à la rencontre de plusieurs influences historiques, politiques et culturelles, constitue un terrain adéquat pour l’étude de l’habitat dispersé à la fin du Moyen Âge et dans les premiers siècles modernes. Le corpus d’archives étudié, quoique déséquilibré, a livré plus d’un millier d’occurrences spatiales dont l’analyse a été rendue possible par la mise en place d’un SIG et d’une méthode de gestion de l’incertitude dans la spatialisation des sources écrites. L’acquisition de données sur le terrain a été assurée par neuf campagnes archéologiques de prospections et d’analyses du bâti et une opération de fouille archéologique. L’étude a permis de livrer des résultats nuancés, dont certains s’accordent aux grandes tendances de développement identifiées à des échelles plus petites et d’autres présentent un caractère original. De fait, l’habitat dispersé a été identifié comme un support privilégié de l’extension de la mise en valeur agricole depuis la période carolingienne. En dépit des encadrements monastiques dès le Xe siècle et seigneuriaux à partir du XIe siècle, l’habitat dispersé demeure une constituante du territoire. Si certains pôles castraux ou ecclésiaux génèrent de véritables bourgs, la majorité de la zone est globalement occupée par des formes d’habitat dispersé. À la fin du Moyen Âge, deux mouvements de mise en valeur agricole reposant sur les systèmes de mas et de métairies sont portés par l’action des seigneurs fonciers et d’une élite roturière naissante. Un écart manifeste de développement se dessine entre l’ouest du bassin versant, globalement riche et peuplé et l’est du bassin versant qui semble souffrir davantage des bouleversements tardo-médiévaux. Les périodes de crises et de reprises humaines et économiques modernes participent à la diffusion et la consolidation de l’habitat dispersé dans un contexte d’évolution des dynamiques de peuplement portée par la fin des châteaux et l’effacement de l’église au sein d’un territoire partagé entre deux confessionsThe Eyrieux drainage basin, in the centre of the actual department of Ardèche, is a middle mountain area, considered as a step between Massif Central and Rhône valley. As an intersection between various cultural, political and historical influences, this area is a perfect field for the study of human dynamics, especially scattered settlements dynamics at the end of Middle Ages. The study delivered nuanced results, some of which fit the major development trends identified at smaller scales and others are original. Actually, the scattered settlement has been identified as a preferential support for the extension of agricultural development since Carolingian period. In spite of monastic officering from the 10th century and landlords officering from the 11th century, the scattered settlement remains part of the territory. Although some castral or ecclesial centres generate real villages, the biggest part of the area is globally occupied by scattered settlements. At the end of Middle Ages, two agricultural development movements based on mas and tenant farms were driven by the land lords and a nascent commoner elite. A real gap in development emerged between the western part of the area, which was generally rich and populated, and the eastern part of the area, which seemed to suffer more from the late-medieval crises. Periods of crisis and modern human and economic recovery contributed to the spread and consolidation of the scattered settlements in a context of changing population dynamics brought about by the end of the castles and the disappearance of the church within a territory shared by two faiths
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"Rural protest in Hong Kong: a historical and sociological analysis." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889745.
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by Hung Ho Fung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-147).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Summary --- p.3
Acknowledgements --- p.5
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Thearadox of Rural Stability --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature on Collective Action --- p.20
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Elite Intervention and Organization: Independent Variables in the Analysis of Ruralrotest Intensity --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conceptual Framework for Case Analysis --- p.69
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Extreme Cases --- p.73
Chapter Chapter 6 --- intermediate Cases --- p.99
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.135
References --- p.142
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Saxena, Ashutosh. "Rural development and elite participation- A socio political study of two villages in West U.P." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4582.
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"Architecture And Power In The Expansion Of A Small Polity: A Study Of Chancay Rural Elite Residences." Tulane University, 2015.
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This dissertation addresses community-level political and economic organization during the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1100-1435) at Quipico, Huaura Valley, north-central coast of Peru. During the Late Intermediate Period the Huara Valley was under the influence of the Chancay, a little-known polity that offers an opportunity to examine the reconfiguration and coalescence of regional powers in the space created after the collapse of Huari and prior to Inca expansion. What form did Chancay organization take, and in particular, how was it manifested in the Huaura Valley? This question is simply a regionally-based version of Wilson's (2008:1): “What role did small-scale social groups play in the emergence of regionally organized political hierarchies?” Once I began investigations at Quipico, it became clear that the basic culture history description for the Chancay was lacking. An important part of this research, then, was to construct a detailed profile of the geographical, environmental, chronological, and material remains of the Chancay archaeological culture. Rather than excavating several sites in the region—an impractical prospect considering the size and scope of this project—I decided to examine Quipico, a small site of tapial (poured adobe) buildings suspected to have served as elite residences which also served as storage and redistribution centers. I have focused on elites as the source of local control in the Huaura Valley and the most impacted during valley-wide changes in political affiliation. I chose architecture as a major medium by which to view these changes because it is well- preserved in the region and argued to be less subject to outside stylistic influences. It is unrealistic, however, to think that these complex questions of socio-political organization of the Chancay can be answered by excavation at one small site. Instead, I had the goal of using excavations at Quipico, combined with previous studies to help build a better understanding of the more general social, economic, and political processes of the Chancay occupation in the Huaura Valley.1
Stacy Michelle Dunn
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Runguma, Sebastian Njagi. "The political economy of poverty reduction in Kenya : a comparative analysis of two rural countries." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15407.
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Employing empirical findings from Tharaka Nithi and Siaya counties, this thesis analyses the dynamics of citizen participation in development policy and planning process in Kenya and its effects on poverty reduction efforts in the rural parts of the country. The study is based on the premise that public participation enhances the quality and relevance of development processes and their outcomes and is, therefore, an important ingredient for achieving sustainable poverty reduction outcomes. It utilizes the political economy model and draws from the concepts of “power” and “interests” in understanding the poverty reduction „enterprise‟ in the two rural communities in Kenya. The study finds that the elites, bureaucrats, and institutions have dominated Kenya‟s post-colonial development policy and planning space to the exclusion and disadvantage of ordinary citizens. The capture of public decision-making spaces, processes and development outcomes by elites is widespread and has affected the extent and quality of citizen participation in decision-making and poverty reduction in rural Kenya. Although ordinary citizens generally view themselves as the front line duty bearers in the fight against poverty, they hardly fulfilled their perceived role in poverty reduction. Faced with a web of dominating forces and constraints, ordinary citizens have become passive and peripheral actors in the poverty reduction „enterprise‟ and local level development generally. As currently profiled, approached and directed, poverty reduction is an elitist project with its goals couched in populist terms, essentially in the service of powerful and influential people and institutions within the Kenyan society. This explains why, despite poverty reduction being a policy objective throughout the post-independence period, alarmingly high levels of poverty have persisted in Kenya, especially in the rural areas. The study concludes that the success of rural poverty reduction in Kenya is chiefly dependent on sufficient citizen participation in decision-making, quality of development planning, good leadership and the capacity and will of institutions at the grassroots to pursue sustainable development endeavors.
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Mbewe, Jeremiah. "Evaluation of pass-on the gift concept on the socioeconomic welfare of rural households: the case of SACHZEP and ELITE Projects in Katete District, Zambia." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26687.
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This is an exploratory study on “Evaluation of Pass-on the Gift Concept on the Socioeconomic Welfare of Rural Households: The Case of SACHZEP and ELITE Projects in Katete District, Zambia. The main research objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the PoG concept on the socioeconomic welfare of rural households. A mixed methods approach was used involving 124 household in the survey interviews, 5 FGDs and 18 key informant interviews. Study findings showed relationships existing between type of livestock with compliance to pass on the gift (p-=0.001), food security (p=0.001), income security (p=0.007) and education at 9th grade level (p=0.002). No relationship exists between livestock type with shelter status of beneficiaries. Livestock type, water scarcity, IKS and practices, sharing of knowledge, skills and livestock affects PoG impact on socioeconomic welfare of rural households. PoG is compatible with indigenous knowledge systems and supports Human Centred Development approach.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Holovský, Jan. "Modernizace mezi Prahou a Kolínem." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398035.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation thesis is an analysis of the modernization process during the 1850 - 1938 period in the given region extending from the city of Prague to the regional centre Kolín. The modernization proces is in particular seen in terms of economic history. In the thesis I will analyse demographic and economical development, the building up of the transport, infrastructure, economic elites and partially also some subjects related to democratisation. In addition to the modernization itself, the transformation of the regional structure, mutual relations and development of typologically different settlements will also be assessed. Particular analysis will be done in the frame of the region as well as on selected settlements of Český Brod, Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Kouřim, Pečky and Úvaly. Keywords Modernization / Modernisation, economic, demographic, Region, Urbanization, City, Town, Village, rural, Infrastructure, Elite, Czech, Bohemia
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Craig, Christopher Robin Jamie. "The Middlemen of Modernity: Local Elites and Agricultural Development in Meiji Japan." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8ZP44WF.
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This dissertation is a close study of a rice-producing region in the northeastern Japanese prefecture of Miyagi from 1890 to1912, centered on the leadership of local elites over agricultural development, social order, and political management of the countryside during a period of revolutionary change. In the context of fundamental transformations to the state, economy, and society, landlords and local officials assumed positions as intermediaries between village society and the prefectural and national governments, becoming the "middlemen of modernity" for rural Japan. Along with the celebrated projects of industrialization and the modernization of the military, agricultural development occupied a place of importance in the plans of the Meiji state (1868 to 1912), but it failed to attract the same commitment of government finances. With official intervention in farming improvement and rural villages limited to moral exhortations, it was local elites, not the national government, who assumed responsibility for the countryside. Miyagi provided a fertile ground for their activities, demonstrating the heightened need for improvement that came with the climactic and economic challenges endemic in northeastern Japan. The character of Miyagi leaders evolved over time, with changes to the rural economy in the 1870s, the local government system in the 1880s, and official interest in the organization of local society at the turn of the century pushing old elites out and drawing in new figures in their places. Unchanged, however, was the role of local actors as the principal architects of rural development. They set the course of agricultural improvement, determined its character, and linked farming in new ways with the central government. The processes of change often proved disruptive in village society, rekindling old conflicts and igniting new rivalries as different actors fought over the allocation of the costs and profits of expanded production. In the end, though, elites oversaw a transformation of farming and agricultural villages that was complete by the early years of the twentieth century.
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Thuot, Jean-René. "D'une assise locale à un réseau régional : élites et institutions dans la région de Lanaudière (1825-1865)." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6665.
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PFLEGEROVÁ, Lucie. "Představitelé venkovských elit na jihu Čech v 18. a 19. století. Společenská role křestních kmotrů a svědků svatebních obřadů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80165.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose of the following work is to put near not only concrete course of wedding and baptismal ceremonies in provincial environment, it has also show of what role at these ceremonies played their immediate participants ? godfathers and wedding witnesses. Basic characteristic of all the sample recorded persons would be enable to answer questions if within small rural sociality existed its elite part which had fundamental share on its behaviour. The most important origin for research of this theme were church registers which for any single event namely recorded participation of the witness of baptism or marriage, his socio-profession position and geographical origin. Important role then played fact what particular requirements lay then society on men participating thus especial events. It was also explored question to what degree is possible thru godparents and wedding witnesses to peep into mentality and behaviour then rural sociality. Rating socio-vocational submission and place of origin of these persons emerged that the choice of witness of baptism or marriage wasn't casual and underlay to many established habits and rules. Especially at choice of godparents was more than evident that the important factor were to be familiar and well-disposed relationships within closest surroundings of every person. To men witnessing by weddings was distinctive their good property and social background, decisive role at selection of wedding witness also played possibility of representation newly married couple and their families in the eyes of others neighbours. By approach particular persons which postured in roles of witnesses or godparents most frequently was confirmed that also in rural environment subsisted small range of individuals which is possible to characterize as a local top of society. By setting this top of society into the total context allowed to achieve if and to what degree this very narrow group of inhabitants was segregate from the others. In terms of this research was more likely confirmed that the rural man was limited more by geographical than social territory. On the basis of informations about persons participating on baptisms or weddings is possible to assume that the individual parts of society were interconnected through a number of hidden familiar and friendly structures which were fundamental to its behaviour.