Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural crisis'
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McGranahan, Gordon. "Searching for the biofuel energy crisis in rural Java." [Madison, Wis. : s.n.], 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14908692.html.
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Hofmeyr, William Andrew. "Agricultural crisis and rural organisation in the Cape : 1929-1933." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19574.
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This thesis explores the relationship between rural struggles and popular organisation in the Cape between 1928 and 1933. It focuses on the attempts by militants in the ANC(Western Province) and later the Independent ANC to organise in the rural areas during a period of crisis for agriculture. In the first chapter the history and trends in the nationalist movement before 1930 is discussed. It is argued that the conservative petty bourgeoisie dominated the organisation for much of the time, but that more militant positions were adopted on a few rare occasions. The second chapter endeavours to show that the transition to capitalist agriculture had been completed in the Western Cape. ·It then examines the specificity of the crisis in agriculture during the Depression: a crisis which was manifested in the form of an acute labour shortage on the farms, combined with unemployment in the towns. This, it is argued, provided a fertile ground for organisation The third chapter examines the rural struggles in the Western Cape. It analyses the alliance in the ANC(WP) between the moderate Garveyists and the militants linked to the Communist Party, and the reasons for the subsequent breakdown of this alliance. It discusses both the success of the organisation in coping with violent repression, and its failure to cope with the state's more subtle strategies. The militants were eventually expelled from the ANC. Most rural branches then broke away to form the Independent ANC. Chapter 4 discusses the formation of the IANC and raises some questions about the nature of its political programme. It then proceeds to focus on organisation in the Southern Cape where all the branches had joined the IANC. The fifth chapter discusses the organisation in the Midlands area of the Eastern Cape. It attempts to explain the lack of success in Graaff-Reinett. It then proceeds to examine the organisation in Middelburg where is appears that it had learnt to cope with at least some of the problems experienced in the Western Cape. The sixth chapter analyses in some detail the issues that were taken up by the IANC in the Midlands, and how these were reflected in its discourse. Among the issues raised are unemployment, resistance to passes and local control measures, the problem of women's participation and the struggle that was waged against the conservative petty bourgeoisie in the ANC. The seventh chapter first discusses organisation in Cradock. It then proceeds to describe how the struggle in the Midlands built up to a climax at the end of 1931, until massive repression smashed the organisation. Thereafter the organisation continued only at a low level. The conclusion attempts to draw together some of the themes raised above. First, it discusses the relationship between the petty bourgeoisie and the militants. Second, it argues that the organisation's approach was essentially "agitational", and that this accounts partly for its effectiveness, as well as many of its weaknesses. Lastly an attempt is made to evaluate the significance of the organisation.
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Tsa, Tak-yan Dane. "A comparative study of the woodfuel crisis and rural energy planning in India and China." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13288635.
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Doneddu, Silvia. "Territorios en transición. Retos y oportunidades del mundo rural en tiempos de crisis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98345.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la localización y caracterización de “Distritos Agroecológicos”, a través de la identificación de casos paradigmáticos en los contextos territoriales de dos diferentes países europeos: Catalunya y Sardegna.
Se identificarán dinámicas cooperativas vinculadas a procesos de producción y de organización del trabajo donde el conocimiento tradicional y la sostenibilidad en la producción de alimentos, constituyen elementos claves para que el territorio se enfrente a las crisis a través de espacios locales de cooperación que autoalimenten el desarrollo endógeno.
La identificacion de experiencias està relacionada con sistemas de producción ecológica, sostenible, local y tradicional, estableciendo el enfoque del Agroecologia como filtro para la identificación de los casos empíricos.
No existiendo una teorización específica sobre el Distrito Agroecológico, uno de los objetivos de la investigación es probar la posible existencia empírica de un sistema territorial que pueda representar las variables entre la teorización del Distrito y el enfoque de la Agroecología. En este contexto el marco definido en el trabajo ha sido instrumental para la identificación de las experiencias y la relevación de las dinámicas, estableciendo como base de la reflexión la voluntad de no razonar sobre la aplicabilidad y replicabilidad de modelos a la realidad, si no la necesidad de crear una bases metodológicas para identificar las peculiaridades de dinámicas en territorios distintos.La presente ricerca ha come obiettivo la localizzazione e caratterizzazione di “Ditretti Agroecologici”, attraverso l’individuazione di casi paradigmatici in contesti territoriali di due differenti paesi europei: Catalogna e Sardegna. Si identificheranno dinamiche cooperative vincolate a processi di produzione e organizzazione del lavoro dove la conoscenza tradizionale e la sostenibilità nella produzione alimentare, costituiscono elementi essenziali perchè i territori affrontino le crisi attraverso spazio locali di cooperazione che autolimentano lo sviluppo endogeno. L’individuazione delle esperienze è relazionata con i sistemi di produzione ecologica, sostenibile, locale e tradizionale, stabilendo l’approccio dell’agroecologia come filtro per l’identificazione dei casi empirici. Non esistendo una teorizzazione specifica sul Distretto Agroecologico, uno degli obiettivi dell’investigazione è provare la possibile esistenza empirica di un sistema territoriale che possa rappresentare le variabili tra teorizzazione del Distretto e l’approccio dell’Agroecologia. In questo contesto il quadro definito nel lavoro è stato strumentale per l’identificazione dell’esperienze e la rilevazione delle dinamiche, stabilendo come base della riflessione la volontà di non ragionare sull’applicabilità e replicabilità dei modelli alla realtà, ma piuttosto sulla necessità di creare delle basi metodologiche per identificare le peculiarità delle dinamiche in territori distinti.
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Garcia, Ricard 1968. "Crisis, endeudamiento y desposesión en el mundo rural catalán de finales del siglo XIX." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7854.
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Esta tesis doctoral examina las repercusiones de la llamada "Gran Depresión" de finales del siglo XIX sobre la sociedad rural catalana a partir del análisis del que puede ser visto como uno de los síntomas más característicos de cualquier crisis agraria: la pérdida de derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra o sobre otros inmuebles de carácter rural como consecuencia de reclamaciones de deudas, promovidas por particulares o por el Estado, que culminaron en subasta pública.El trabajo ha sido dividido en dos secciones. En la primera se analiza la desposesión causada por procedimientos ejecutivos impulsados por la Administración de Hacienda por impuestos impagados. En la segunda se ha estudiado la actividad judicial que concluyó en subasta pública de bienes inmuebles, y se han mostrado sus relaciones con la situación agraria, especialmente en los sectores del trigo y de la vid.
This Doctoral Thesis examines the repercussions of the Great Depression of end of the 19th century on the Catalan rural society from the analysis of the one that can be seen as one of the most characteristic symptoms of any agrarian crisis: the loss of property rights on the land or on other real estate of rural nature as a consequence of claims of debts carried out by individuals or by the State that culminated in public auctions.The work has been divided in two sections. In the first, the dispossession because of administrative executive procedures by unpaid taxes that took place in Catalonia in this period is analysed. In the second, we have studied the judicial activity that finished in public auction of real estate goods and we tried to relate it to the agrarian situation, especially in the wheat and the wine sectors.
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Shayamunda, Locardia [Verfasser], and Benno [Akademischer Betreuer] Pokorny. "Small-scale farmers' strategies in dealing with crises: an analysis of household responses to crisis in four villages in rural Zimbabwe." Freiburg : Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240610734/34.
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Bradbury, Kirsten. "Rural and suburban 5-8 year old children: Gun-injury risks and crisis responses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28224.
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Recent research has provided empirical support for counseling guidelines for pediatric gun safety and has demonstrated that some parental behaviors increase children's risk of gun injury. However, few data exist on patterns of gun-injury risks, especially for children younger than age 10, children from middle-class and non-urban families, and children of non-gun-owning vs. gun-owning parents. Part I of the study presents data on gun injury risks in a middle-SES sample of rural and suburban gun-owning and non-gun-owning parents and their 5-8-year-old children (N=60). Gun-owners (38.3% of the sample) endorsed an average of 10.57 out of 21 assessed gun injury risks, and evinced variable patterns of gun injury risks. Gun injury risks were much lower among non-gun-owners. However, a small number of non-gun-owners reported their children to have gun exposure risks more typical of gun-owners' children (e.g., child goes hunting/shooting). Part II of the study presents data on the children's responses to a crisis scenario involving a threat associated with defensive gun use (home intrusion). Children's crisis response plans were categorized as competent, passive, bold, or aggressive/gun. Competent plans were common (38.6%). However, most children generated non-competent crisis responses, including passive plans (21.1%), bold plans (19.3%), and aggressive/gun plans (21.1%). These results may help to identify styles of crisis response for targeted preventive interventions and emergency response training. The common theme in these results is that encouraging safe behavior, whether by young children responding to a crisis or by parents who own guns, requires an understanding of motivations for unsafe behavior and barriers to safer behavior.Ph. D.
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Tsa, Tak-yan Dane, and 謝得恩. "A comparative study of the woodfuel crisis and rural energy planning in India and China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950188.
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Fullenkamp, Laura J. "A Qualitative Analysis of the Effects of Crisis Intervention Team Training among Rural Law Enforcement Personnel." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1553723444936724.
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Hasanagic, Sanna. "The dark shadow of a world crisis : A study on how organizations in Östergötland county manage, organize and plan for the effects of the Corona pandemic 2020." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43584.
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Tourism in rural areas has an important role of developing and altering the rural communities when it comes to the environment, social and economic structures. Rural areas have high potential in tourism development but the world is continuously experiencing the power of nature. December 2019 the world experienced the beginning of the Corona pandemic that would later affect the whole world in just weeks. The Corona pandemic has caused many problems throughout the world but one sector that was specifically affected was the tourism sector. Even though crises are to some extent random and rare, there is no organization that is immune from such events. Unfortunately, many tourism-oriented organizations have been affected by this crisis and there has been a marginal decrease in bookings from previous years. The purpose of this study is to examinate how different organizations manage, organize and plan for crises in rural destinations in Östergötland county. The focus lies on organizations that are dependent on tourism and that use tourism as their main sources of income. The study has a qualitative research approach meaning qualitative semi-structured interviews with organizations in rural destinations. The main findings were that organizations in rural areas don’t have experience about crisis management and therefore don’t adapt it in their organization. In order for organizations to reorganize and plan for the crisis there need to be guides and routines on how the organization will achieve it. By having different plans for different crises, the organization can be better prepared for the next one. The important steps in the reorganization are communication strategy, controlling resources and collaboration with stakeholders. No matter how big or small the organization is, it is important for each organization to have an organization plan in order to tackle and reduce the consequences of a crisis.
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Tung, Duc Phung [Verfasser]. "Vulnerability to poverty in rural Vietnam : data collection issues, coping strategies and crisis events / Tung Phung Duc." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022753185/34.
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Akhter, N. "Food and nutrition security in the rural plains of Nepal : impact of the global food price crisis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1406918/.
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Background: Poverty and food insecurity are often associated and may lead to malnutrition. All three remain high in Nepal and may have been aggravated by the 2008 food price crisis. Methods to measure changes in food and nutrition security and track the localised impact of changes in global food prices required further development so as to provide better guidance to policy makers. Aim: To describe and compare measures of poverty and food security in Dhanusha District, Nepal, derived from the Household Economy Approach (HEA) and Household Surveillance Data (HSD), and assess changes in food prices and the affordability of a nutritionally adequate diet among different wealth groups in before, during, and after the 2008 food price crisis. Methods: HEA baseline data collected in 2006 was used to describe livelihoods, food insecurity, and food prices in Dhanusha. Principal Component Analysis was used to generate asset indices from HEA and HSD data and examine their correlations. Additional surveys collected food prices in 2008 and 2009, and data on income levels in 2005 and 2008. Inflation in food prices was estimated using Dhanusha food and beverage index, calculated for 2005, 2008 and 2009 (Sep-Oct). Linear programming was used to estimate the minimum cost of a nutritionally adequate diet in 2005 and 2008 (Sep-Oct). Results: HEA and HSD asset indices were weakly associated. HEA data provided detailed descriptions of the livelihoods of the wealth groups, but underestimated food insecurity. Annual inflation in food prices was much higher (18.8%) in 2009 than average inflation between 2005 and 2008 (9.5%). The nutritionally adequate diet was unaffordable to poorer households in both 2005 and 2008. The situation did not deteriorate much due to increasing levels of household income that accompanied the rise in food prices. Conclusions: Application of the HEA method is demanding on skill and such skills may not be readily transferable. Poorer households are vulnerable to increased food insecurity and malnutrition due to continued increases in food prices after 2008.
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Awumbila, Mariama. "Women and change in Ghana : the impact of environmental change and economic crisis on rural women's time use." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/370.
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In the last decade, Ghana, in common with several other African countries has adopted a Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in response to economic crisis. Widespread concern has been expressed about the deterioration of living standards and the severe erosion of both the human and natural resource base of the economy following the implementation of these adjustment policies. Periods of drought and irregular rainfall patterns have exacerbated these problems in the savannah region of Ghana. At the household and community level, macro economic policies have often had a diffeintial impact on women and men. This thesis delineates the link between the effect of the adjustment policies, deteriorating environmental conditions and the feminisation of poverty in Ghana through a comparative analysis of women's time use in 1984 and 1991. A case study from a small savannah village in northern Ghana illustrates how the micro-level impact of adjustment has combined with environmental degradation to make women more vulnerable to impoverishment The study finds a visible process of impoverishment, with a deterioration in living conditions of most households and an intensffication of women's workloads. It looks at the household strategies adopted by women as prices rise and as farm yields decline from a deteriorating resource base. Women are increasingly working harder but with diminishing returns as they struggle to ensure the basic survival of their households. Gender inequalities in access to production resources and inequalities in gender relations are examined. It is argued that these have been exacerbated by the crisis brought about by environmental degradation and adjustment policies, so that women have borne a greater share of the burden. The thesis urges the need for policies which recognise not only women's productive roles, as the current adjustment programme does, but also their reproductive and community managing roles, and for action which would empower women to take more control over their own lives.
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Matongo, Kudakwashe. "Conservation and use-values of medicinal plants in rural eastern Zimbabwe: A study of selected medicinal plants." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4065.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Medicinal plants remain a very important natural resource used as traditional medicines for health needs in many developing countries. In the current deepening economic and political crises in Zimbabwe a significant number of the population has inevitably relied more on natural resources which has led to receding population and scarcity of many medicinal plant species in their natural habitat. It is against this background that this research, using Rural Eastern Zimbabwe that this study explored the extent to which use values of medicinal plants increased since the Zimbabwean crises and the different use values of these species among men and women. The rational choice theory, use value approach and concept of utility constituted a theoretical grounding of the research process. The study essentially used qualitative research methods with some quantitative data. A mix of interviews and focus group discussions were employed for this study. Interviews were conducted with community leaders, traditional healers, NGOs in the similar field and Government stakeholders eliciting their views on use values of medicinal plants and sustainable interventions that can be enacted in conserving these species. The findings of the study were shown through using tables, charts and the quantitative data was presented using STATA. The calculated total usevalues of the 11 medicinal plants showed that Kirkia ancuminata Oliv, Dicoma anomala Sond, Syzgium guineense DC, Zingiber offinale, Acacia Karoo Hayne were found to have “high total use-values” and Lannea edulis Engl, Aloe, Lippia javanica Spreng, Virtex payos merril, parinari curatelli and Coleochloa setiflora have “low total use-values”
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Robertshaw, Philip Charles. "Degeneration or development? : the rural land crisis and models of peasant response in Southern Rhodesia, with special reference to the 1930s and 1940s." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329138.
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Frazer, Augustine. "Post-Ebola Case Management of Orphaned Young Adults in Rural Sierra Leone." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6563.
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The 2014-2016 Ebola pandemic in Sierra Leone significantly increased the orphan population and the need for social support programs, especially for student-orphans in higher education. Poorly prepared disaster response managers have little knowledge about how college student-orphans experience social services. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore how post-Ebola student-orphans enrolled in an agricultural university in rural Sierra Leone experienced post disaster specialized case management to enhance student performance. Criterion sampling techniques including specific inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the recruitment, that included 10 research participants taking part in the semi structured interviews. Ecological system theory and postpositivist ontology informed this transcendental phenomenological research. The modified van Kaam transcendental phenomenological data analysis enabled the development of themes from lived experiences of post-Ebola case management for student-orphans. The findings of the research showed that student-orphans experienced specialized case management with three characterizations: (a) sadness, (b) happiness, and (c) anger which included information helpful for crisis and disaster case management administration and staff across similar circumstances. The social change implication for the study results include information useful for human service administrators and staff in designing and employing post disaster programs for college student-orphans.
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Smailes, Peter John, and peter smailes@adelaide edu au. "Redefining the Local: the social organisation of rural space in South Australia, 1982-2006." Flinders University. Geography, Population and Environmental Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061005.151832.
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This thesis brings together a series of existing and ongoing pieces of research, conducted over a period of some years. There are five primary aims.
The first is to construct a coherent empirical picture of the social organisation of space in rural South Australia by the early 1980s, at the outset of a period of turmoil and rapid change. The second is to bring together two relevant but disparate levels of theory (globalisation/structural change and localism/place attachment), to understand the impact of the rural crisis of 1984-94 on rural communities, families and individuals. The third is to trace the context and development of the crisis itself, the resultant poverty, demographic change, and reduced socio-economic viability of communities. Fourthly, the theoretical and empirical findings are applied to the search for an altered accommodation between society and space, through which a modified and regrouped but still essentially intact rural society can survive beyond the crisis. Finally, I reflect on the methodological contribution and limitations of the thesis, and also on the ethical concerns and values confronting an academic researcher reporting on a local- or micro-level social tragedy, concealed and rationalised by national macro-level success.
Chapter 1 deals with fundamental concepts and epistemology.
Chapter 2 sketches the evolution of the South Australian rural habitat up to the 1980s.
Chapter 3 examines macro-level theory on globalisation in the structuralist and political economy traditions, which seek to explain the forces changing the politico-economic ground rules within which rural communities have to operate.
Chapter 4 examines theory relating to the world of the individual person and his/her most immediate social reference groups - family, neighbourhood and community. It presents a model of place-making, and evaluates the contributions of various disciplines towards understanding specific aspects of this process, particularly rural sociology, social and humanistic geography, structuration theory and theory relating to human territoriality.
Chapter 5 reveals how individuals and local social groups actually occupied space and developed place-attachment in rural South Australia in the early 1980s. It draws on field studies carried out between 1979 and 1986, and on a 1982-83 postal sample survey of 2000 rural households.
Chapter 6 traces the course of a decade of almost continuous rural crisis, from about 1984. It shows how the global economy and political decisions (international, national and State) flowed through to rural people and places. Demographic and economic impacts are examined at State level, with a regional example.
Chapters 7 (quantitative) and 8 (qualitative) examine the changes wrought by the crisis on rural society and the social organisation of space. They draw on a 1992/93 replication of the previous postal survey to demonstrate the persistence and continuity of major features of the rural society, but also the fragility of the current spatial organisation. The widespread rural poverty in the early 1990s and its impact on the state of rural morale are demonstrated, along with perceived changes in key community characteristics, and divergence of the economic from the social organisation of rural space.
Chapter 9 assesses requirements for a socially sustainable rural Australia, in the light of the last ten years� developments in rural research. It argues the need for the focus of localism to be re-defined upwards from individual community to regional level
Finally in Chapter 10, I reflect on the contribution and limitations of the thesis, and on the wider problem of the role academics could, should and do play in relation to the deeply meaningful social transformations we purport to study.
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Agung, Wicaksono. "The Rapid Expansion of Middle Class in Rural Java:A Study of Socio-historical Processes of the Middle Class Formation and Its Impacts on Rural Life after the 1998 Economic Crisis." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242759.
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Pires, Luana Ferreira. "Pegada Hídrica como instrumento de gestão dos recursos hídricos : análise em fecularias do Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Assis /." Tupã, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154214.
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Orientador: Angélica Góis MoralesCoorientador: Fernando Ferrari Putti
Coorientador: Sandra Cristina de Oliveira
Resumo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a relação entre a gestão dos recursos hídricos, praticada em duas fecularias de mandioca do Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Assis, e a Pegada Hídrica do produto final. Portanto, neste estudo multicasos, foi mensurada a Pegada Hídrica da mandioca, do processamento da mandioca para a produção de fécula e da fécula, e comparadas, por meio do coeficiente de correlação por postos de Spearman, as práticas de gerenciamento da água consideradas ideais em cada uma das fecularias estudadas. Ademais, foram identificadas as práticas efetivamente empreendidas. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de formulários semiestruturados e entrevistas. Como resultado, na Fecularia A, o total da Pegada Hídrica do produto final foi de 2.607,25 m³.ton-1 de fécula e na Fecularia B de 1.764,13 m³.ton-1 de fécula, enquanto as práticas consideradas ideais, segundo o Coeficiente de Spearman de 0,5857, possuem correlação positiva de moderada a forte. Igualmente, as práticas efetivamente realizadas são semelhantes e sugerem exercer influência sobre o resultado da Pegada Hídrica. Este trabalho possibilitou o conhecimento do consumo hídrico na produção da fécula de mandioca, de forma a evidenciar fatores, de ordem interna e externa às fecularias, influentes na apropriação do recurso hídrico nas mesmas.
Abstract: The general objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the management of water resources, practiced in two cassava starch of the Office of Rural Development of Assis, and the Water Footprint of the final product. Therefore, in this multi-level study, was measured the Water Footprint of cassava, cassava processing for starch production, and starch, and were compared, by means of the Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, water management practices considered ideal in each of the farms studied. In addition, the practices actually undertaken were identified. Data collection took place through the application of semi-structured forms and interviews. As a result, in Cassava Starch A, the total Water Footprint of the final product was 2,607.25 m³.ton-1 starch and in Cassava Starch B, 1,764.13 m³.ton-1 starch, while the practices considered ideal, according to the Spearman Coefficient of 0.5857, have a moderate to strong positive correlation. Equally, the practices actually carried out are similar and suggest influence on the result of the Water Footprint. This work made possible the knowledge of water consumption in the production of cassava starch, in order to show factors, internal and external to the cassava starch, influential in the appropriation of water resources in them.
Mestre
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Pires, Luana Ferreira [UNESP]. "Pegada Hídrica como instrumento de gestão dos recursos hídricos: análise em fecularias do Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Assis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154214.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a relação entre a gestão dos recursos hídricos, praticada em duas fecularias de mandioca do Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Assis, e a Pegada Hídrica do produto final. Portanto, neste estudo multicasos, foi mensurada a Pegada Hídrica da mandioca, do processamento da mandioca para a produção de fécula e da fécula, e comparadas, por meio do coeficiente de correlação por postos de Spearman, as práticas de gerenciamento da água consideradas ideais em cada uma das fecularias estudadas. Ademais, foram identificadas as práticas efetivamente empreendidas. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de formulários semiestruturados e entrevistas. Como resultado, na Fecularia A, o total da Pegada Hídrica do produto final foi de 2.607,25 m³.ton-1 de fécula e na Fecularia B de 1.764,13 m³.ton-1 de fécula, enquanto as práticas consideradas ideais, segundo o Coeficiente de Spearman de 0,5857, possuem correlação positiva de moderada a forte. Igualmente, as práticas efetivamente realizadas são semelhantes e sugerem exercer influência sobre o resultado da Pegada Hídrica. Este trabalho possibilitou o conhecimento do consumo hídrico na produção da fécula de mandioca, de forma a evidenciar fatores, de ordem interna e externa às fecularias, influentes na apropriação do recurso hídrico nas mesmas.
The general objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the management of water resources, practiced in two cassava starch of the Office of Rural Development of Assis, and the Water Footprint of the final product. Therefore, in this multi-level study, was measured the Water Footprint of cassava, cassava processing for starch production, and starch, and were compared, by means of the Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, water management practices considered ideal in each of the farms studied. In addition, the practices actually undertaken were identified. Data collection took place through the application of semi-structured forms and interviews. As a result, in Cassava Starch A, the total Water Footprint of the final product was 2,607.25 m³.ton-1 starch and in Cassava Starch B, 1,764.13 m³.ton-1 starch, while the practices considered ideal, according to the Spearman Coefficient of 0.5857, have a moderate to strong positive correlation. Equally, the practices actually carried out are similar and suggest influence on the result of the Water Footprint. This work made possible the knowledge of water consumption in the production of cassava starch, in order to show factors, internal and external to the cassava starch, influential in the appropriation of water resources in them.
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Sood, Priya. "Flowing upstream, the case for co-operative efforts between NGO-state relationships concerning the drinking water crisis in rural Gujarat (India)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57328.pdf.
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Souza, Leliani Valéria de. "LÓGICAS VIVENCIAIS DA IDENTIDADE EXTENSIONISTA EM UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO PÚBLICA DE EXTENSÃO RURAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8867.
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Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaThis dissertation seeks to analyze and understand the process of identification and construction of professional identity from the perspective of rural extension workers, and the influence of public agricultural extension in this context. For this study are the concepts of identity, professional identity and organizational identification. The research is based on a case study scenario that has a public extension of the state of Santa Catarina. 22 interviews were conducted, 21 with extension officers based in rural municipalities distributed in eight regions of the state and a director of the extension o the organization studied. The analysis focuses on the experiential logic of identity extension, rural extension workers in identifying with the organization and job satisfaction. The results show the definition of three extension profiles: the company-oriented, self-focused and guided by an ideal, which have an undeniable consistency in its configuration, the result of a dual transaction, one between the individual and his past, and the other between the individual and the organization built through processes of socialization diverse and differentiated. It appears that there are several factors that influence the identification of rural extension workers with the company, which showed very high degree. It was also noted that the rural extension wants to be recognized internally by their performance and dedication as well as have effective career advancement prospects. Finally, the so-called identity crisis is not recognized by all respondents, and acquires different meanings. For some this may be the breakdown of traditional values and references hitherto accepted as guiding the lives of these professionals, which induces changes in the mental constructs associated with identity previously built.
Nesta dissertação procura-se compreender o processo de identificação e construção da identidade profissional sob a ótica dos extensionistas rurais e a influência das organizações públicas de extensão rural neste contexto. Para tal são estudados conceitos de identidade, identidade profissional e identificação organizacional. A pesquisa é baseada em um estudo de caso que possui como cenário uma empresa pública de extensão rural do estado de Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas 22 entrevistas, sendo 21 com extensionistas rurais locados em municípios distribuídos em oito regiões do estado e uma com o diretor de extensão rural da organização estudada. A análise se concentra na lógica vivencial da identidade extensionista, na identificação dos extensionistas rurais com a organização e na satisfação profissional. Os resultados apontam a definição de três perfis extensionistas: orientados à empresa, autofocados e orientados por um ideal, que apresentam inegável coerência em sua configuração, resultado de uma dupla transação, uma entre o individuo e seu passado, e a outra entre o individuo e a organização, construídas por meio de processos de socialização diversificados e diferenciados. Verifica-se a existência de diversos fatores que influenciam a identificação dos extensionistas rurais com a empresa, cujo grau se mostrou bastante alto. Observa-se também, que o extensionista rural quer ser reconhecido internamente pelo seu desempenho e dedicação, bem como, ter perspectivas efetivas de ascensão profissional. Finalmente, a chamada crise de identidade não e reconhecida por todos os entrevistados e adquire sentidos distintos. Para alguns pode tratar-se da quebra de valores tradicionais e de referências até então aceitas como norteadoras da vida destes profissionais, o que induz a modificações das construções mentais associadas à identidade previamente construída.
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Zanette, Antonio Carmelo. "A crise do contrato agrário : novos paradigmas do arrendamento e da parceria rural." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185076.
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Considerando que o Estatuto da Terra (lei 4.504/64) e seu decreto regulamentador (59.566/66) tem mais de meio século, idealizados com cláusulas protetivas ao arrendatário e parceiro-outorgado, antes considerado vulnerável, este trabalho objetiva fazer um resgate histórico a respeito da legislação, alcançando os dias atuais em diversos aspectos para que seja analisada a crise que se instalou na pactuação do contrato agrário de arrendamento e parceria rural, frente a autonomia privada das partes e da função social da propriedade. Tendo o trabalho como finalidade perquirir novos paradigmas, primando por uma maior liberdade na contratação, utilizando como tábua axiológica o Código Civil a partir da sua constitucionalização, suas fontes, tais como a legislação, usos e costumes, princípios, jurisprudência e precedentes, com a intenção de traçar um novo perfil contratual destes típicos contratos agrários, em respeito a função do contrato e ao interesse útil dos contratantes. Assim, conforme será visto, possibilitará uma interpretação que afaste o Estatuto da Terra e seu decreto nos casos em que o arrendatário ou parceiro-outorgado não é considerado vulnerável na relação, devendo então, não ser estendidas as benesses, ou melhor, as proteções inseridas na legislação e regulamentação, tais como as cláusulas protetivas de prazos mínimos, obrigatoriedade de fixação do preço em dinheiro, bem como o exercício do direito de preferência, é como será visto.Considering that the Land Statute (Law 4,504/64) and its regulating decree (59,566/66) have been for over half a century, idealized with protective clauses to the lessee and partner-grantor, previously considered vulnerable, this work aims to make a historical summary respecting the legislation, reaching the present day in several aspects to analyze the crisis that settled in the agreement of the agrarian contract of lease and rural partnership, facing the private autonomy of the parties and the social function of the property. The aim of this work is to investigate new paradigms, focusing on a greater freedom in contracting, using as an axiological table the Civil Code from its constitutionalization, its sources, such as legislation, uses and customs, principles, jurisprudence and precedents, with the intention of drawing up a new contractual profile of these typical agrarian contracts, respecting the function of the contract and the useful interest of the contractors. Thus, as we shall see, it will provide an interpretation that departs from the Land Statute and its decree in cases in which the lessee or grantor is not considered vulnerable in the relationship, and therefore, the benefits, or rather the protections inserted in the legislation and regulations, such as minimum term protection clauses, mandatory pricing in cash, as well as the exercise of preemptive rights, will be seen.
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Arruda, Arthur Paulo Pascoal. "Re-conceptualizing the viability of small rural schools vis-a-vis a provincial political-economic crisis, a critical exploration of Newfoundland's education reform movement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0034/MQ47417.pdf.
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Tadesse, Dadnew Eshete. "The impact of food shortages on rural households of different income groups and their crisis coping strategies : a case study of Wolaita District in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335151.
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Chinkonda, Sosten Sylvester Joseph. "Assessment of the role of traditional leadership in facilitating community development in rural Malaw." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004907.
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The study was carried out to assess the extent to which the intervention of traditional leaders is effective in mobilising support for community development projects and to examine the perceptions that communities have about the role of the traditional leaders in development projects. The study has been guided by the critique of neoliberalism which exposes the negative effects of implementing the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in Third World countries. The literature that has been reviewed has looked at the historical and political background of the role of chiefs and other traditional leaders in order to assess the nature of participation that is promoted through their involvement in development projects. An overview of the neo-liberal prescription and its critique has been made in order to expose the effects of the oil embargo of 1973 and the debt crisis of the 1980s on the economies of Third World countries in general and Malawi in particular. On the basis of evidence which has been gathered through a survey and focus group discussion, the study has found that the intervention of traditional leaders is very effective in mobilising communities for development projects. It has further been established that communities have high regard for their traditional leaders and that they perceive them as crucial role players in the conception and implementation of development projects. The study has however established that traditional leaders use unorthodox means such as threats of punishment to solicit the cooperation of the community members which in essence is counterproductive to the participatory approach to development.
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Kosaikanont, Romyen. "The socio-economic impact of the economic crisis and the economic structural adjustment programmes : a comparative study of a rural and peri-urban community in northern Thailand." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425871.
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Arvidsson, Amanda, and Alexander Eliasson. "Borggårdskrisen – en liberal intern strid : En kvalitativ diskursanalys om Hallandsposten och Dagens Nyheters ställning under Borggårdskrisen." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44015.
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This study circuits around the swedish monarch, Gustav V, courtyard speech february the 6th 1914, since this action is seen as the critical moment in the discourse of the defence question in Sweden during that time. This study examines how the local newspaper Hallandsposten and the nationwide newspaper Dagens Nyheter describes the discourse during the courtyard crisis in 1914, and the internal conflict in the liberal party between the left och right wing in the defence question. The purpose of this study is to examine how the two newspapers describe the discourse about the defence question and if the descriptions contain any differences. The purpose is also to study why the differences exist and what they contain. To track any differences this study aims to review the two newspapers use of words that are of significance to the reader's perception of the discourse. The material of this study is thus the article sabout the courtyard crisis found in the two newspapers. This material is analysed by a critical discourse analysis method and the result of this method is then reviewed from the discourse theory.
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Siqueira, José Edson Oliveira. "Financeirização da economia e capital imobiliário no espaço agrário da Colônia Treze - Lagarto/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5523.
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The crises which contemporary capitalism goes by reveal its contradictory face that is made in the midst of its own condition of existence as a system that reproduces itself through the accumulation of wealth. To think of crisis emerged from overaccumulation or capital surplus is to understand that there are contradictions that are deeply rooted in the very model of structure that it creates. The economic crisis in the United States in 2008 affected the real estate sector, raising new interests among the different agents of capital in the era of financialization of the economy - financial capital. It can be seen from then on that housing policy assumes an important role in capturing new spaces and, consequently, profit in order to remedy the impacts of the crisis. In this context, the rural environment of Colony Treze Village, located in the municipality of Lagarto, Sergipe state, has received housing projects to benefit the low income population through the Residential Lease Program through state action. The social use of land has received new contours, which influences the social use of agricultural land and its exchange value. We have the configuration of new spatial rearrangements in the region through the suppression of the rural habits and the entrance of urban equipment, once that the supranational organs need these rearrangements for the so called financialization of the economy. The land structure and land use in Brazil have been demostrated as structural components of the unequal distribution of social classes and configures the interests of the owners of the means of production as an instrument of socio-territorial control and maintenance of the economic system, supported by the contribution of the state machinery. Nowadays, the investments of the capital approach the countryside and the city, as a way to guarantee its amplified reproduction with the metamorphosis of the rural spaces, synthesis of the change in the use of the soil. The present research intends to reflect on the impacts of the 2008 crisis, through the current public housing policies; To analyze how these policies remodel the space of the referred Colony and how they affect the social use of the land. In order to fulfill these and other objectives, the specialized literature on the state of the art was read, associated to the critical reading of the empirical reality of the municipality of Lagarto; interviews; Photographic record of the study area. The collection of quantitative data was made at IBGE, at Ministry of Labor and Ministry of Agriculture, at the Municipal Health Secretariat and at Coopertreze (Mixed Cooperative Farmers of Treze Ltda). It can be seen that the housing policy, symbol of the financial capital in the midst of the crisis, has caused changes in the organizational structure of the place: change in the municipal legislation - creation of the area of urban expansion - to attend to the dictates of the real estate capital; Land valuation; Greater power of action of the financing bodies - banks; Change in work profile, less linkage to agricultural land and greater dependence on the secondary and tertiary sectors.As crises por que passa o capitalismo contemporâneo revela sua face contraditória que se faz em meio a sua própria condição de existência como sistema que se reproduz através da acumulação de riqueza. Pensar em crise advinda da superacumulação ou do excedente de capital é compreender que existem contradições fortemente enraizadas no seio do próprio modelo de estrutura por ele criado. A crise econômica ocorrida nos Estados Unidos no ano de 2008 afetou o setor imobiliário, suscitando novos interesses entre os distintos agentes do capital na era da financeirização da economia - capital financeiro. Constata-se a partir de então que a política habitacional assume papel importante na captação de novos espaços e, consequentemente, de lucro para sanar os impactos da crise. Nesse contexto o meio rural do Povoado Colônia Treze, situado no município de Lagarto, estado de Sergipe, tem recebido projetos habitacionais para beneficiar a população de baixa renda pelo Programa de Arrendamento Residencial através da ação do Estado. O uso social da terra tem recebido novos contornos, o que influi no uso social da terra agrícola e no seu valor de troca. Tem-se a configuração de novos rearranjos espaciais na região a partir da supressão dos hábitos rurais e a entrada de equipamentos urbanos, como necessidade dos órgãos supranacionais com a chamada financeirização da economia. A estrutura fundiária e o uso da terra no Brasil tem se pautado como componentes estruturais da desigual distinção de classes sociais e configura os interesses dos proprietários dos meios de produção como instrumento de controle socioterritorial e manutenção do sistema econômico, tendo como aporte a máquina estatal. Atualmente as investidas do capital aproximam campo e cidade, como forma de garantir sua reprodução ampliada a partir da metamorfose nos espaços rurais, síntese da mudança no uso do solo. A presente investigação pretende refletir sobre os impactos da crise de 2008, através das atuais políticas públicas de habitação; analisar como tais políticas remodelam o espaço da referida Colônia e como afetam o uso social da terra. Para o cumprimento desses e de outros objetivos foram realizadas leitura da literatura especializada sobre o estado da arte, associados à leitura crítica da realidade empírica do município de Lagarto; entrevistas; registro fotográfico da/na área de estudo. A coleta de dados quantitativos fez-se junto ao IBGE, Ministério do Trabalho e Ministério da Agricultura, na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e na Coopertreze (Cooperativa Mista dos Agricultores do Treze). Percebe-se que a política habitacional, símbolo do capital financeiro em meio a crise, tem causado mudanças na estrutura organizacional do lugar: mudança na legislação municipal – criação da área de expansão urbana - para atendimento aos ditames do capital fictício imobiliário; valorização fundiária; maior poder de atuação dos órgãos financiadores - bancos; alteração no perfil do trabalho, menor ligação com a terra agrícola e maior dependência do setor secundário e terciário.
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Wilson, Daniel O. "MALE FARMERS COPING WITH LOSS OF SPOUSE: IMPACTS ON FARMING OPERATION AND FAMILY LIFE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/3.
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Losing a spouse is as devastating an experience anyone will ever deal with in his or her life. Research, however, shows that men have a harder and longer time coping with the loss of a spouse than women. When the widower’s profession is farming, there are no resources to specifically help that individual with their loss. The purpose of this research was to gain insight into the lives of widowed farmers with particular focus on transitions in their farming operation and their family life. Through their stories, we learn what is happening before the loss of the female spouse on the farm, during the bereavement period, and how the farmer handles the situation after the bereavement period has ended. Findings indicate that the Cooperative Extension Service can play a major role in supporting our widowed farmers as they seek a new normal for their farm operation and family life. Also, farming widowers have more stress following the loss of a spouse due to the added aspect of managing the farm and the home simultaneously after the passing of their spouse. Recommendations include further expanding spousal bereavement materials to include a section for males and in particular farming widowers.
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Drebes, Laila Mayara. "JOVENS RURAIS EM MIGRAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8915.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe rural youth classically integrated the internal migratory processes, but recently they have also constituting international. So, the study analyzed how rural young people from a family farming experienced contemporary international migration in its various phases, which were emigration, travel, immigration and return. Of a qualitative nature, the study was conducted in the case study format and held in the city of Itapuranga, state of Goiás, Brazil. Data were collected through 09 interviews with social workers who have experienced international migration in their youth. Although adults at the time of the interviews, these used their memories to rebuild international migration experiences as rural youth. Were also interviewed 17 key-informants and other data collected through observation, documentary research and literature research. In Itapuranga, there was the existence of a culture of migration on family farming, being common migration in this context. This culture interfered on the socialization of rural youth, expanding their social horizons of "local" to "global". Many socioeconomic conditions favored these international emigration, especially in the early XXI century, involving the crisis in family farming, few alternatives for employment and education in the region, devaluation of national currency and establishment of international migration networks. So, were built international migration projects in search of social reproduction and autonomy. These international migration were undocumented and happened through different routes: legal route, with visas and directed the nations located in the Americas and Europe, carried out air; and illegal route, without visas and intended only to the United States, with a segment of the crossing by land in Mexico. In the latter, was intense participation of the immigration industry, increasing the risks involved in travel The main destinations of migrants consisted in the United States and European nations. The immigration stood out because of the cultural and environmental strangeness abroad and migrant vulnerability at work, inserted in low-paid and exhaustive services with the aim of accumulate money, including prostitution. The migrants also experienced poor living conditions and could not devote time to education. The immigration was experienced in loneliness, because of the embarrassing relationships with foreign and other Brazilian immigrants, stressing the longing and communication with family and friends in Brazil. Most returned to accumulate a significant amount of money, encouraged by the international economic crisis, stabilization of the Brazilian economy, the real appreciation, longing families and advancement of their ages, especially in the middle of the first decade of XXI century. The returns also resignified the links of migrants to rural areas and family farming, favoring the emergence of new ruralities. Also, became hybrid identities of these migrants and marked the end of the youth of them. So, it was concluded that international migration among rural young people from a family farming of Itapuranga were not unidirectional, being characterized by comings and goings, showing different ways to experience the youth in rural areas. It was concluded, also, the need for public c policies and extension actions involving the singularities of these international migrants.
Os jovens rurais classicamente integraram os processos migratórios internos, mas recentemente os mesmos vêm constituindo também os internacionais. Assim, o estudo analisou como os jovens rurais oriundos da agricultura familiar vivenciaram as migrações internacionais contemporâneas em suas variadas fases, sendo elas emigração, viagem, imigração e retorno. De natureza qualitativa, o estudo foi conduzido no formato de estudo de caso e realizado no município de Itapuranga, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Coletaram-se dados através de 09 entrevistas com agentes sociais que vivenciaram migrações internacionais em sua juventude. Embora adultos no momento das entrevistas, esses recorreram às suas memórias para reconstruir as vivências migratórias internacionais como jovens rurais. Também foram entrevistados 17 informantes-chave e coletados outros dados através de observação, pesquisa documental e pesquisa bibliográfica. Em Itapuranga, constatou-se a existência de uma cultura de migração na agricultura familiar, sendo as migrações comuns nesse contexto. Essa cultura interferiu sobre as socializações dos jovens rurais, expandindo seus horizontes sociais do local para o global . Inúmeras condicionantes socioeconômicas favoreceram essas emigrações internacionais, sobretudo no início do século XXI, envolvendo a crise na agricultura familiar, escassas alternativas de trabalho e educação na região, desvalorização da moeda nacional e constituição de redes migratórias internacionais. Assim, foram construídos projetos migratórios internacionais em busca de reprodução social e autonomia. Essas migrações internacionais foram indocumentadas e aconteceram através de rotas distintas: rota legal, com vistos e direcionada a nações situadas no continente americano e europeu, realizada via aérea; e rota ilegal, sem vistos e direcionada somente aos Estados Unidos, com um segmento da travessia via terrestre no México. Nessa última, foi intensa a participação da indústria de imigração, aumentando os riscos nas viagens. Os principais destinos dos migrantes consistiram nos Estados Unidos e nações europeias. A imigração se destacou em virtude dos estranhamentos culturais e ambientais no exterior e da vulnerabilidade dos migrantes no trabalho, inseridos em serviços mal remunerados e exaustivos com o intuito de acumular dinheiro, inclusive na prostituição. Os migrantes também vivenciaram condições de moradia precárias e não conseguiram dedicar tempo à educação. A imigração foi vivenciada na solidão em razão dos embaraçosos relacionamentos com os estrangeiros e com outros imigrantes brasileiros, acentuando a saudade e a comunicação com os familiares e amigos no Brasil. A maioria retornou ao acumular uma quantia significativa de dinheiro, incentivados pela crise econômica internacional, estabilização da economia brasileira, valorização do real, saudade das famílias e avanço de suas idades, principalmente em meados da primeira década do século XXI. Os retornos também ressignificaram os vínculos dos migrantes com o meio rural e a agricultura familiar, favorecendo o surgimento de novas ruralidades. Além disso, tornaram híbridas as identidades desses migrantes e assinalaram o fim da juventude dos mesmos. Assim, concluiu-se que as migrações internacionais entre jovens rurais oriundos da agricultura familiar de Itapuranga não foram unidirecionais, caracterizadas por idas e vindas, mostrando maneiras diferentes de vivenciar a juventude nas áreas rurais. Concluiu-se, também, a necessidade de políticas públicas e ações extensionistas relacionadas com as singularidades desses migrantes internacionais.
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Li, Yuh-Yuh. "Social structure, social control, and crime in rural communities a test of social disorganization theory /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237993548.
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Aran, Meltem A. "Measuring treatment effects in poverty alleviation programs : three essays using data from Turkish household surveys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98fada59-d38d-4179-b151-c17196c86acf.
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The dissertation is a compilation of three essays on Turkey's poverty alleviation programs. The first paper focuses on the welfare impact of the global financial Crisis on Turkish households. The second paper considers the protective impact of the Green Card non-contributory health insurance program in Turkey during the Crisis in 2008-2009. The third paper uses experimental data from the field in eastern Turkey, to look at patterns of agricultural technology diffusion in a rural development program implemented in a post-conflict setting.
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Siqueira, Luisa Helena Schwantz de. "As perspectivas de inserção dos jovens rurais na unidade de produção familiar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7053.
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Este trabalho examina a possibilidade de existência de uma crise social na agricultura familiar, na medida em que os filhos dos agricultores não podem ou não querem exercer a mesma profissão de seus pais. Procura-se identificar as características sociais e econômicas que influenciam as aspirações educacionais e ocupacionais dos jovens, assim como suas opções de local de moradia (rural ou urbana). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Santo Cristo, localizado na região Fronteira Oeste, e no município de Candelária, localizado na região Vale do Rio Pardo, ambos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram aplicados questionários padronizados e realizadas entrevistas com jovens rurais, alunos de escolas estaduais do ensino médio, na faixa etária de 14 a 25 anos. Levando-se em consideração que muitos jovens decidiram cursar o ensino médio na cidade após terem optado por uma escolha profissional não-agrícola, a freqüência a este tipo de escola tende a reforçar ou incentivar esta opção. Observam-se diferenças entre os jovens, pois as moças mostram maior inclinação a deixar a agricultura e o meio rural do que os rapazes. Embora as regiões pesquisadas tenham perfil socioeconômico diferente, o comportamento dos jovens em relação à atividade agrícola é praticamente o mesmo, pois, nas duas regiões, em sua maioria, eles formulam criticas semelhantes ao trabalho agrícola e descartam a possibilidade de suceder os pais como produtores rurais, pois recusam seu estilo de vida.
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Carter, G. M., Rebecca H. Gilley, and Jill D. Stinson. "Sexual Crimes Committed in Urban and Rural Areas With Relation to Single Parent Homes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7922.
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Tarabah, Amir. "Crises, émigration et développement spontané au Liban : l'aménagement du site de Qaraoun dans la Beqaa." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010544.
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Les problèmes de développement au Liban datent d'une époque précédant à la guerre civile. Les structures sociales et économiques basées sur le libéralisme absolu, ont créé des inégalités régionales. L'exode rural a provoqué la dislocation des régions périphériques quant aux mode de vie et systèmes de production. Néanmoins, le phénomène d'émigration a contribué à l'amélioration des niveaux de vie des résidents, et génère un processus de développement spontané et une nouvelle configuration sociale qui compte exclusivement sur l'initiative individuelle. Après la guerre, avec la recherche de la paix au Liban, la planification ne doit pas ignorer la relation entre crises et émigration; et d'un autre côté, entre les conséquences de l'émigration et le développement spontané. D'où la politique économique doit tenir compte du fait que les aspects conjoncturels soient devenus structurels. Il s'agit d'une nouvelle réalité, sur laquelle nous devrions fonder toutes nos théories sur la construction du LibanThe development problems in Lebanon date from an epoch preceding the civil war. The social and economical structures, based on the absolute liberalism, have created regional inequalities. The rural depopulation induced dislocation of peripheral regions as for the way of life and production systems. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of emigration has contributed to improve residents standard of living and generated a spontaneous development process, and a new social configuration which depends exclusively on individual initiative. After war, in the search of peace in Lebanon, planning should not ignore the relationship between crises and emigration; and on the other hand, between emigration consequences and spontaneous development. So, economical politic should consier the fact that conjunctural aspects have become structural ones. It is a question of a new reality, on which we should build all our theories about Lebanon construction
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Mekpo, Goh Damien. "Agriculture éco-spirituelle pour un développement durable en Afrique à l'ère de la crise écologique : le projet agro-pastoral "Songhaï" du Bénin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK012/document.
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Une agriculture éco-spirituelle peut-elle développer l’Afrique en cette ère de crise écologique ? Telle est la question à laquelle cette thèse répond à travers l’étude d’un projet de développement dont l’objectif est d’être pour le Bénin, un «vivier» de développement socio-économique, à partir de l’homme dont le profil est celui d’un «entrepreneur de type nouveau», «moralement équipé» et doté d’un important capital humain. Ce type d’homme est à «monter» de toutes les pièces du «savoir-être», du «savoir-faire» et du «savoir tout court» par une formation pratico-pratique, suivant le double principe pédagogique : «Apprends en faisant» et «Utilise ce que tu as pour avoir ce que tu veux». Apprendre à faire quoi ? Faire de l’agriculture un levier du décollage économique. Une agriculture écologique et entrepreneuriale, dont la méthode de production et de gestion, met en synergie la culture, l'élevage et la pisciculture d'une part, la production, la transformation et la commercialisation d’autre part et enfin, le social, l’économique et l’écologique, le tout dans une perspective plutôt théocentrique que cosmocentrique ou anthropocentriqueCan eco-spiritual agriculture develop Africa in this era of ecological crisis ? This present thesis tries to answer the above question through the study of Songhaï development Project whose objective is to be for Benin Republic a breeding ground for socio-economic development from the man which profile is “a new type of entrepreneur”, “morally equipped” endowed with an important human resources. This type of man is to be fully assembled with the “behavioural skills”, the “know-how”, and simply the “knowledge” by an in-depth practical training based on the double pedagogical principle : “Learn by doing” and “Use what you have to get what you need”. Learning to do what ? Transforming agriculture into the gear lever of economic progress. An ecological and entrepreneurial agriculture of which the productive and management methods take into account culture, breeding and fish farming in one hand, and production, transformation and marketing on the other, and finally its spiritual, social and economical dimensions
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Beauvilain, Alain. "Nord Cameroun : Crises et peuplement." Notre-Dame-de-Gravenchon (Bois d'Harcourt, 76330) : A. Beauvilain, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40572970x.
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Xiao, Wei. "Migration, Crime and Search in Spatial Markets." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104747.
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Search Frictions, Unemployment, and Housing in Cities: Theory and Policies We propose an urban search-matching model with land development. We characterize the steady-state equilibrium and then discuss the issue of efficiency. We find that the transportation and housing policies are more efficient if the unemployment rate is low, while the entry-cost policy is more efficient if the unemployment rate is high. Land Development, Search Frictions, and City Structure This paper analyzes the interactions between labor and housing (and land) markets in a city. Unemployment, the spatial structure of a city, land development, housing demand, prices of housing and land are all endogenously determined. Then, we characterize two different spatial configurations. To better understand how two equilibria are affected by land and labor market parameters, we implement a comparative steady state analysis. We further explored the effects of policies. Search for Jobs or Crimes? This paper develops a competitive search model where unemployed workers allocate their time between the search for legal jobs and opportunities for committing crimes. We analyze the effects of labor market policies and crime policies. We show that the market equilibrium is socially inefficient when there is crime. We also find that workers' individual choice of years of education is less than the socially efficient one. Rural-Urban Migration in Developing Countries: Labor Market Institutions and Policies The paper studies rural-urban migration under different labor market institutions in developing countries. Specifically, we consider two types of labor market institutions where workers in urban firms are unionized or not. We find that unionization of workers raises unemployment, urban wages, and rural employment, reduces rural wages and urban employment and increases inequality between the rural and the urban sector. We also compare two institutions under different policies.
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Wehmann, Kyle Ann. "Exploring the effects of community disorganization on intimate partner violence in rural North Carolina." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/wehmannk/kylewehmann.pdf.
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Davids, Arlene Joy. "Crime in the rural district of Stellenbosch : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16295.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the most distressing criminal activities has been the attacks on farmers since 1994 and for many years now our farming community has been plagued by these senseless acts of brutality. Since the early nineties there has been a steady increase in the occurrence of farm attacks in our country and the rising incidence of violent crimes on farms and smallholdings in South Africa has become a cause for great concern. The farming community in South Africa has a very significant function in the economy of the country as producers of food and providers of jobs and other commodities required by various other industries, such as the mining industry. They render an indispensable service to our country and therefore we have to ensure that this community receives the necessary safeguarding that is so desperately needed at this time. Farm attacks are occurring at alarming rates in South Africa, the Western Cape, and recently also in the Stellenbosch district. The phenomenon of farm attacks needs to be analysed in the context of the crime situation in general. The underlying reasons for crime are diverse and many, and need to be taken into account when interpreting the causes of crime in South Africa. To ensure that this research endeavour has practical value for the various parties involved in protecting rural communities, crime hotspots and circumstances in which crime occur were identified and used as a tool to provide the necessary protection and mobilisation of forces for these areas. The study focused on different theories in explaining the crime phenomenon. Information from the Stellenbosch SAPS was used to analyse the study area and to identify areas that can be classified as possible hotspots in the study area. Demographic and socio-economic determinants shed light upon the social structure in the study area and various environmental determinants were also used to generate a broader understanding to the social pandemic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert 1994 is plaasaanvalle een van die mees ontstellende kriminele aktiwiteite van ons era. Die landbougemeenskap word al jare lank geteister deur hierdie sinnelose aktiwiteite. Sedert die vroeë negentigerjare is daar ’n stewige toename in die voorkoms van plaasaanvalle asook toenemende insidente van geweldsmisdade, wat tot groot kommer lei. Die landbougemeenskap in Suid-Afrika het ’n baie belangrike funksie in die ekonomie, aangesien hulle voedselvervaardigers is, werksgeleenthede skep en industrieë van sekere kommoditeite voorsien. Hulle lewer ’n onmiskenbare diens aan die land en daarom verdien hierdie gemeenskap die nodige beveiliging. Die aantal plaasaanvalle in Suid-Afrika, die Wes-Kaap en onlangs ook die Stellenboschomgewing, is skokkend. Hierdie fenomeen moet binne die konteks van algemene misdaad geanaliseer word. Die onderliggende redes wat aanleiding gee tot plaasaanvalle is divers, maar moet almal in gedagte gehou word wanneer die oorsake vir misdaad ondersoek word. Om te verseker dat hierdie navorsingspoging praktiese waarde toon vir diegene betrokke, behoort gebiede waar misdaad seëvier geïdentifiseer te word en dan gebruik te word om die nodige beskerming aan en mobilisering van polisiemagte binne hierdie gebiede te bied. Die studie fokus op verskillende teorieë wat gebruik kan word om die voorkoms van misdaad te verklaar. Inligting is van die Stellenbosch-polisiediens verkry om die voorkoms van misdaad in die studiegebied te verklaar en om probleemgebiede te identifiseer. Demografiese en sosio-ekonomiese veranderlikes kan lig werp op die sosiale struktuur van die studiegebied en kennis van omgewingsveranderlikes dra ook by tot ’n beter begrip van hierdie sosiale pandemie.
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Costa, Ana Monteiro. "Pobreza e vulnerabilidade de agricultores familiares de Santo Cristo/RS : uma análise da seca a partir da abordagem das capacitações." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7982.
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A noção de desenvolvimento rural aqui apresentada tem como fundamento a Abordagem das Capacitações, proposta por Amartya Sen. O desenvolvimento é ético e multidimensional, e envolve a necessidade de se enfrentar a pobreza e a vulnerabilidade. A pobreza é tida como a falta de liberdade para as pessoas levarem a vida que julgam ser a melhor. A vulnerabilidade é uma situação sócio-econômica na qual a pessoa está piorando a sua situação de bem-estar e tende a acentuar isto mediante um fator exógeno. A pobreza e a vulnerabilidade estão próximas, mas não são a mesma coisa: a vulnerabilidade está no limiar da pobreza, assim a pessoa que está mais vulnerável tende a ficar pobre, ou se já é, pode ter sua pobreza intensificada. Como fator exógeno que tende a aumentar a vulnerabilidade e a pobreza foi estudado o caso da seca no noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, mais propriamente no município de Santo Cristo. A seca é um fenômeno sócio-econômico que começa em uma situação prévia de vulnerabilidade, já vivida pelas pessoas, e que tende a acentuar a pobreza e a vulnerabilidade com a estiagem e suas decorrentes conseqüências. Para dar conta da multidimensionalidade e complexidade desses fatores, sua análise foi feita a partir da Abordagem das Capacitações, que vai contra a abordagem econômica tradicional e resgata a diferença entre meios e fins. Foram aplicados, in loco, questionários com agricultores familiares do município, elaborados a partir das referências bibliográficas. Temse que, em razão da degradação ambiental, a seca afeta os intitulamentos e os funcionamentos das pessoas. Assim, a seca não é um fenômeno ambiental isolado e sim um fenômeno sócioeconômico, que envolve a vulnerabilidade e a pobreza como fatores desencadeadores. Propõese, então, que a análise de desenvolvimento rural considere a vulnerabilidade a pobreza da região como premissa para obter desenvolvimento.In this research, the notion of rural development is founded in the Capability Approach, suggested by Amartya Sen. The development is ethics and multidimensional, and ivolves the necessity of facing poverty and vulnerability. The poverty is considered the absence of freedom to the people follow the best way of life they consider. The vulnerability is a socio-economic circumstance in that the person is having his welfare situation each time worse and tends to make that more evident from an exogenous element. The poverty and vulnerability are complementary ideas; however, they are not the same thing: vulnerability is a condition to the poverty. In the other words, if a person, or a family, is more vulnerable to the exogenous events, he tends to get poorer. Or, if he is already poor, can get still poorer. In this dissertation, it was studied the case of drought occurred in the North Western of Rio Grande do Sul State, more specifically in Santo Cristo city, as the exogenous element that tends to make increase vulnerability and poverty. The drought is a socio-economic phenomenon. It starts in a previous vulnerability situation, that people have already lived, and that tends to make vulnerability and poverty that more emphasized, from dryness and its consequence. To analyze the multidimensionality and the complexity of these factors, the analysis was made from Capability Approach that contests the traditional economic approach and recovers the difference between means and ends. To make this research it was applied, in loco, questionnaires to family farmers placed in the mentioned county. The questions were structured having as base bibliographic references used in the dissertation. It was seen that the drought affects people’s entitlements and the functionings, because of environment degradation. So, the drought is not an isolated environmental phenomenon, but a socioeconomic phenomenon, that evolves vulnerability and poverty as resultant factors. Then, the suggestion is that rural development analysis considers the regional vulnerability and poverty as premise to obtain development.
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Abraham, Jonatan. "Assessing the threats against rural Sweden : An exploration of crimes against Swedish farmers related to animal production." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278518.
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In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are: • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas. • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization. The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.
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Colombet-Lasseigne, Claude. "La seigneurie rurale en Forez face aux crises de la fin du Moyen âge : résistance ou défaillance ?" Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET2104.
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La seigneurie, qui occupe une position centrale dans le paysage forézien, est, dès 1348 et pour un siècle, en butte au retour périodique des épidémies auxquelles vient s'ajouter ponctuellement le fléau guerrier, et se superposer une conjoncture économique difficile. Face à ces "malheurs des temps" comment se comporte la seigneurie rurale en Forez ? La seigneurie rurale traverse de fait une grave crise, qui ébranle ses fondements mêmes. Crise démographique d'abord, crise foncière ensuite, crise économique aussi et surtout, crise sociétale et comportementale enfin, de loin, la moins importante. Toutefois, la seigneurie et ses habitants, quoique malmenés résistent, et c'est dans un cadre seigneurial maintenu que s'engage à partir des années 1450 une reconstruction durable. Vers 1500, la structure seigneuriale a indéniablement résisté. Elle a retrouvé à peu de choses près ses caractéristiques d'antan et conserve une position dominante dans la vie des campagnes, même si derrière un immobilisme de façade, le monde des campagnes bouge lentement. A ce titre, elle appartient sans nul doute à cette "Autre France" où la défaillance de la seigneurie n'est guère patenteIn the middle of the fourteenth century, the seigneury system prevailed in the landscape of the Forez county. As soon as 1348 and for the rest of the century, the county waw plagued by epidemics, war and economic crisis. How did the seigneury system face those "plagues of the time" in the Forez county ? Rural seigneuries were affected by serious crisis wich undermined their very foundations. There was first a demographic crisis, then there was a land crisis ; there was also an economic crisis ; there was finally a societal and behavioural crisis, although less important. However, the seigneuries and their inhabitants stoop up to the crisis and after 1450 the seigniorial model prevailed again. We can say that around 1500 the seigniorial model went strong. It was more and less what it had been before and dominated the life of the country, in spite of sober changes. At the end of the Middle Ages, the Forez seigneuries seemed to be evolving very slowly. Because of that, they obviously belonged to that "other France" where seigneuries were not weakened
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Zimmer, Chelcie. "The experience and psychological impact of school violence on rural Alberta teachers." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3284.
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Research is unclear as to whether the level of violence in schools is increasing or
decreasing. Regardless, it is higher than anyone would prefer. Therefore, it is essential
that information on the nature and effects of violence in our schools, as well as methods
for coping with and preventing such violence be gathered. It is also essential that the
impact on different populations be explored. This study presents quantitative and
qualitative research on the experience and psychological impact of school violence on
rural Alberta teachers specifically. Sixty-eight teachers from a rural Alberta school
division were surveyed to determine what forms of school violence they had experienced,
the impact it has had on them, and their suggestions for preventing and coping with
school violence in the future. Data collected determined that the rates of school violence
against teachers remain high. The most commonly experienced form of school violence
was verbal insults, with the prevalence of all incidents decreasing as the severity
increased. Students and parents were the most likely perpetrators of school violence
against teachers. Data gathered revealed significant emotional, physical, and career
impact symptoms as a result of school violence. Survey participants strongly endorsed
numerous techniques for coping with and preventing school violence, the most common
being polices for dealing with school violence. Violence against teachers within rural
Alberta schools was determined to be a serious social and psychological issue that cannot
be overlooked.xvi, 214 leaves ; 29 cm
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Silva, Almir de Paula e. [UNESP]. "As relações entre o pequeno município e o espaço rural: Cristais Paulistas (SP) - um estudo de caso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98989.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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silva_apa_me_arafcl.pdf: 3997820 bytes, checksum: 296c089095b3b68244755a37418281f1 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este estudo tem como tema central o pequeno município e as relações estabelecidas com o meio rural. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a realidade de Cristais Paulista, localizado no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, fazendo parte da microrregião geográfica de Franca e como ocorre a relação campo-cidade em seu interior. Para compreender como se dá a relação, fez-se um breve resgate de estudos clássicos sobre a relação campo-cidade, inclusive o debate atual brasileiro sobre a temática. Procurou-se elementos de definição de cidade, pequeno município e pequena cidade, segundo alguns estudiosos do tema, onde não há um consenso sobre os seus significados, principalmente em se tratando do pequeno município, um tema pouco estudado no meio acadêmico. Buscou-se também mostrar as interpretações oficiais dos Censos, ressaltando, a taxa de urbanização e seus possíveis equívocos na definição do espaço rural e urbano no Brasil. Alguns autores têm proposto novas abordagens de análise e estudo dos problemas do espaço brasileiro, diante das deficiências na definição normativa, que vem do decreto nº. 311 de 1938. José Eli da Veiga enfatiza o uso do enfoque territorial como nova abordagem de análise. A metodologia de classificação territorial de Veiga foi utilizada no estudo aplicada no Estado de São Paulo, permitindo outra visualização do espaço rural e urbano, quando restringimos a análise a níveis menores como mesorregiões e microrregiões. No presente trabalho podemos observar a presença de ruralidades e também urbanidades distintas no pequeno município estudado e também particularidades advindas das relações sociais entre os moradores do campo e da cidade, sempre marcadas pela pessoalidade. No estudo do pequeno município adotou-se como metodologia a análise de Maria de Nazareth Baudel Wanderley, quando propõe cinco dimensões para se analisar...
This study has as central theme the small district and the relationships established in the rural environment. The objective of the study is to analyze the reality from Cristais Paulista, located in the northeast of the State of São Paulo, being part of the geographical micro region from Franca and as it happens the relationship countryside-city in its upstate. Understanding as its relationship works, it was made a small rescue of classic studies on the relationship countryside-city, including the recent debate Brazilian about the theme. Looked for elements of city definition, small district and town, some specialists about the theme, do not agree about this ideas and their meanings, mainly because is about a small municipal district, an idea understudied in the academic circle. It was also looked for to show the official interpretations of the Census, standing out the urbanization rate and their possible mistakes in the definition of the rural and urban area in Brazil. Some authors have been proposing new approaches, analysis and study of these problems of the Brazilian area, in font the deficiencies about the normative definition, from the ordinance nº. 311 of 1938. José Eli da Veiga emphasizes the use of the territorial focus as new analysis approach. The methodology of territorial classification of Veiga was used in the study applied in the State of São Paulo, allowing another visualization of the rural and urban area, when we limited the analysis to smaller levels as macro regions and micro regions. In the present study we can observe the rural habits and also different urban customs in the small municipal district studied and also some particularities resulted of the social relationships among the residents of the countryside and of the city, always marked by the personality character. In the study of the small municipal district it was adopted as methodology the analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bowen, Dawn Suzanne. "Forward to a farm, the back-to-the-land movement as a relief initiative in Saskatchewan during the Great Depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/NQ27817.pdf.
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Desmots, André. "Le notariat rural de la seigneurie au canton : étude socio-économique et professionnelle du notaire rural : de la fin du 18e siècle jusqu'au début du 20e siècle : (les notaires de l'arrondissement de Rennes)." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20040.
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Nous avons basé notre problématique sur la compétence "Ratione loci". Pour montrer la perennité des actes et en continuité avec notre DEA, nous avons rapporté différents actes, notamment ayant trait au "retrait lignager", afin de montrer que le droit breton était peu différent du droit français, et l'imporance du notaire qualifié de "Passe". Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties : l'une intitulée l'homme notaire et l'autre le notaire en fonction. La première partie comprend dans un premier chapitre, le milieu social des notaires au travers du lieu de naissance, de l'origine territoriale et de la profession des parents, dans un deuxième chapitre, l'ascension particulière de Jacques Corbière, ministre de Louis XVIII et de Charles X, fait Comte en 1822, issu du milieu "notariat rural", dont on donne la prosopographie et la consistance du patrimoine, dans un troisième chapitre Corbière gestionnaire et physiocrate et dans un dernier chapitre sa descendance. La deuxième partie qui concerne le notaire en fonction se divise en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l'organisation du notariat et des notaires de l'arrondissement de Rennes, le deuxième chapitre aux problèmes des conflits nés de la compétence "ratione loci", en insistant tout particulièrement sur le conflit qui durera presque un demi-siècle entre les notaires des cantons de justices de paix et ceux de Rennes, le troisème chapitre aux différentes cessions des offices au cours du 19ème siècle tant dans les cantons que dans la ville de Rennes. Ces cessions sont le reflet de l'activité économique influencée par la compétence "ratione loci" qui a été maintenue paŕ la loi de ventôse en son article 5 par la création de trois classes de notaires. Le dernier chapitre a trait aux solutions préconisées tout au long du 19ème siècle pour sortir d'une sorte de crise permanente. Nous terminons par un épilogue sur l'évolution de l'office de Corps-Nuds depuis la loi de ventôse jusqu'à la décision du Conseil d'Etat du 17 décembre 1997@This study is mainly foccussed on the " competence Ratione loci " which can be defined by the territorial competence and limits of the different notary offices in the district of Rennes. In order to show that notary offices have ruled most of transactions and that those transactions have been respected since, we collected and analyzed different notary records especially those related to " retrait lignager ". This analysis allow us to demonstrate : 1)that the law was very similar to that applicated in the other regions of France, 2)how important the notaries have been to applicate the Law. This thesis is divided in two major parts respectively describing notaries in term of social origins and professional activity. The first part is subdivided in two chapters : 1) a statistical analysis of birthplace of notaries and their social origins over the period concerned (late 18th to early 20th centuries), 2) the biography of Jacques Corbière, minister of Kings Louis XVIII and Charles X, who became Earl in 1822 and was originating from a notary family. This chapter reports his patrimony and describes Corbière during his charge of Chancellor, as a Physiocrat and his descendants. The second part dealing with notary professional activity is divided in four chapters :1)the new organization of notary functions and activities after the Law voted during the Revolution on the 25th of Ventôse year XI of the revolutionary calendar, 2)the conflicts emerging from the ambiguity of " competence Ratione Loci "this official decree which did not perfectly define the notary jurisdictions. We especially underline the conflict which has lasted fifty years between notaries who officiated in the countryside and those from the city of Rennes, 3)the analysis of the transactions supervised by notaries during the 19th century in the district of Rennes. These transactions give clues on the economical activity during this period influenced in part by the Law " competence Ratione loci ", 4)the crisis the notary activity has been through after the French Revolution and the different solutions proposed over the 19th century to get over
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Chang, Deok Bong. "Developing a program to renew the spirituality for preventing and overcoming the crises of family discord." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p049-0467.
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EL, ZMETER MIRIAM. "Indice di sostenibilità e resilienza dei sistemi agroalimentari; Paese di analisi: Libano." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/93658.
Full textAbstract:
La resilienza alimentare, definizione approvata in tutto il mondo a seguito di molti studi che analizzano questo argomento, è la "capacità nel tempo di un sistema alimentare e delle sue unità a più livelli, di fornire cibo sufficiente, appropriato e accessibile a tutti, a fronte di diverse e disturbi anche imprevisti ”1; In Libano, la resilienza e la sostenibilità del sistema agricolo e alimentare sono sempre state discutibili. In una regione instabile con politiche e istituzioni di governance fragili, distorsione del commercio e bassa qualità del cibo, tra molti altri fattori, meritano attenzione la resilienza e la sostenibilità del sistema agricolo e alimentare.
Questo studio analizzerà l'impatto di questi sistemi sulla resilienza e sostenibilità alimentare, concentrandosi su 7 sotto-pilastri del sistema agricolo e alimentare in Libano: (1) Economico, (2) Sociale, (3) Governance, (4) Istituzioni, (5) pratiche ambientali, (6) sicurezza alimentare e nutrizione e (7) risorse naturali; fusa in tre capitali: (1) Capitale socioeconomico, (2) Capitale di governance e istituzioni e (3) Pratiche ambientali, Sicurezza alimentare e nutrizione e Capitale delle risorse naturali. Per ogni pilastro verrà analizzata una serie di indicatori e di conseguenza verrà presentato ai ministeri un elenco di raccomandazioni e pianificazione. Le interconnessioni tra tutti questi pilastri / capitali rappresenteranno l'ultimo legame tra tutte le componenti del sistema agricolo e alimentare e come una performance ideale richieda attenzione a molti indicatori.
Molti aspetti trascurati dagli indici internazionali, come il GFSI (Global Food Security Index) e il Food Sustainability Index, si aggiungeranno all'indice che andremo a disegnare. Inoltre, verrà effettuata un'analisi comparativa utilizzando l'indice prima e dopo la crisi siriana al fine di testare la capacità di questo indice di anticipare i meccanismi di coping e di capire come funziona il sistema quando è colpito da uno shock. L'indice creato verrà utilizzato per monitorare lo stato ogni anno e non è utilizzabile una tantum.
L'indice per il Libano, dopo aver applicato il quadro di analisi, è compreso tra 0,25 e 0,5, indicando che il Paese sta funzionando in modo inadeguato ed è altamente a rischio se non vengono effettuati interventi, e continuerà a comportarsi in questo modo di fronte a un nuovo shock . Ciò supporta la conclusione che il sistema alimentare in Libano non è resiliente e che la sicurezza alimentare e la sicurezza delle persone in Libano sono a rischio, il che potrebbe portare alla conseguenza finale: la fame.
Parole chiave: crisi, sostenibilità, resilienza, indice, indicatori, sicurezza alimentare, sicurezza alimentare, politiche, correlazione.Food resilience, definition approved worldwide as a result of many studies analyzing this topic, is the “capacity over time of a food system and its units at multiple levels, to provide sufficient, appropriate and accessible food to all, in the face of various and even unforeseen disturbances”1; In Lebanon, the resilience and sustainability of the agricultural and food system have always been questionable. In a volatile region with fragile governance policies and institutions, trade distortion, and low food quality, among many other factors, the resilience and the sustainability of the agricultural and food system are worth the attention. This study will analyze the impact of these systems on food resilience and sustainability, focusing on 7 sub-pillars of the agricultural and food system in Lebanon: (1) Economic, (2) Social, (3) Governance, (4) Institutions, (5) Environmental Practices, (6) Food Safety and Nutrition and (7) Natural resources; merged under three capitals: (1) Socio- Economic Capital, (2) Governance and Institutions Capital and (3) Environmental Practices, Food Safety and Nutrition and Natural Resources Capital. For each pillar, a set of indicators will be analyzed and a list of recommendations and planning will be presented to the ministries accordingly. The interlinks between all these pillars/capitals will portray the ultimate link between all components of the agricultural and food system, and how an ideal performance requires attention to many indicators. Many aspects missed from international indexes, such as the GFSI (Global Food Security Index) and the Food Sustainability Index, will be added to the index we will be designing. In addition, a comparative analysis will be done using the index before and after the Syrian crisis in order to test the capacity of this index to anticipate coping mechanisms and to understand how the system works when affected by a shock. The index created will be used to track the status each year and is not of a one-off use. The index for Lebanon, after applying the framework of analysis, is between 0.25 and 0.5, indicating that the country is performing inadequately and is highly at risk if no interventions take place, and will continue to perform this way in the face of a new shock. This supports the conclusion that the food system in Lebanon is not resilient, and that the food security and safety of people in Lebanon is at risk, which overtime might lead to the ultimate consequence – hunger.