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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural conditions'
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1
Gemadeeva, Julia Е. "RURAL YOUTH IN MODERN CONDITIONS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/2, no. 136 (2023): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.04.02.016.
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The Russian society today is in the conditions of transformation, reorientation in the formation of new relationships, behavioral models and their values. The reform in Russia has led to an economic division according to the degree of people’s power and resources. In recent years, the agricultural sector in the villages of Russia has changed markedly, accompanied by multiple social, economic and demographic problems. The new social structure of the village has its own patterns of behavior. All these changes have led to an imbalance between the urban and rural population and have worsened the quality of life of the rural population. The sustainability of rural areas and the positive effect of the reform in the agricultural sector depend on the adaptation of rural youth.
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Kouřilová, Jindřiška, and Darja Holátová. "Rural employment policy and business conditions." Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis 13, no. 4 (October 2, 2012): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/acta.2010.037.
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Matsumoto, Masatoshi, Kazuo Inoue, and Eiji Kajii. "RURAL PRACTICE EVALUATION: HOW DO RURAL PHYSICIANS EVALUATE THEIR WORKING CONDITIONS?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 9, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2001.tb00394.x.
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Matsumoto, Masatoshi, Kazuo Inoue, and Eiji Kajii. "Rural practice evaluation: how do rural physicians evaluate their working conditions?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 9, no. 2 (April 2001): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2001.00343.x.
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Khomiuk, Nataliia, and Nataliya Pavlikha. "Conceptual approaches to rural development in conditions of decentralization." Regional Economy, no. 3 (2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2019-3-7.
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The purpose of the article is to unveil conceptual approaches to rural development based on the definition of various types of this development, to substantiate the directions of its diversification in the context of decentralization taking into account the experience of the European Union. The article explores the various types of rural development to substantiate the conceptual approaches to its provision in the context of decentralization reform. The generalization of scientific approaches to the types of rural development gives reason to claim that there is currently no single conceptual approach to the concept under study. Sustainable, balanced, resistant, agrarian, socio-economic, agricultural, integrated, complex, perspective types of rural development are identified. The concepts of “development of rural territories” and “rural development” are described and their use is proposed as identical. It is proposed to consider rural development as a socio-ecological-economic process of extended reproduction of rural development, which ensures harmonious growth of economic, social, demographic, ethnic and environmental spheres. The article determines that the notion of “sustainable”, “balanced”, “resistant” in the scientific literature is disclosed in the framework of the study of priorities for sustainable development of rural areas. The article confirms that the complex development of rural territories is connected with decentralization and creation of integrated territorial communities, which use available natural, economic, social and financial resources. Quality of life of rural residents is determined to be the general criterion that characterizes the development of rural areas. The authors reveal that when the rural population is involved in production on the territory of the community, the unemployment rate decreases, household incomes increase, local budget revenues grow at the expense of the personal income tax. Probable ways of rural development are analyzed on the basis of the experience of the European Union. The need to apply an integrated approach to rural development, that is, to identify this development as diversified, proportional and integrated, is substantiated.
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Elekes, Edit. "The conditions of security in sustainable rural economics." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 8, no. 1 (August 31, 2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2014/1/6.
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This work aims to map the potentials of safe rural economy. This topic cannot be separated from the processes of globalization and localization, affecting each other, whose positive and negative effects have been focussed on, especially in terms of the protection of security and sustainability or their damaging. In Hungary, sustainable rural economy cannot be achieved only by the rural economy’s systematic stabilization but its present structure and the security system, accompanying the process, also needs to undergo some drastic changes. Sustainable rural economy means a modern economy that aims to keep the rural inhabitants while increases the wealth of the whole society. The legal security of the sustainable local economy is guaranteed by the state in Hungary. The security of the rural areas is provided by the police as an armed force, the auxiliary police, the public place supervision, the local agricultural rangers, the environment wardens, and by the fish- and game-keepers. The Police Act allows cooperation with the further organizations of the society to preserve public order, and to protect property and prevent and detect crimes. The purpose of my thesis is to present security as one of the most important factors to improve the rural areas. I also aim to map the possibilities of improving security (such as cooperation, naming the resources assisting strategic tenders and participation in rural development programs).
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Deb, Surajit. "Living Conditions and Social Distancing Barriers in India." Social Change 51, no. 2 (June 2021): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857211012084.
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The tenth part of the Social Change Indicators series gives an account on the living conditions that work as barriers against social distancing in different states of India. This segment especially focusses on aspects such as the percentage of households (rural and urban) that own a house, the percentage share of nuclear households (rural and urban), the mean number of persons sleeping per room in households, the percentage of households (rural and urban) in which cooking is done in a separate room, the percentage of households (rural and urban) in which water is not treated prior to drinking, the percentage of households (rural and urban) with an improved non-sharable sanitation facility and the proportion of households living in slums.
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Starkova, O. Ya. "PECULIARITIES OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN RURAL AREAS." Экономика сельского хозяйства России, no. 6 (June 2020): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32651/206-105.
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Sterkenburg, Jan. "Housing conditions and rural development in Kenya." Housing Studies 5, no. 2 (April 1990): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673039008720679.
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Prindle, Peter H. "Marketing under Famine Conditions in Rural Nepal." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1989): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010192.
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Recently social scientists have demonstrated an increasing interest in famines and their sociocultural effects. However, as William Torry notes, empirical research on famines at the local community level particularly in terms of quantitative household surveys, longitudinal studies, or the junctures of relationships linking the local community with regional or national levels of organization are extremely scarce (1984: 229, 243, 245–7; 1986:13).
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Vindigni, Dein, and Janice Perkins. "IDENTIFYING MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS AMONG RURAL INDIGENOUS PEOPLES." Australian Journal of Rural Health 11, no. 4 (August 2003): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2003.tb00534.x.
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Vindigni, Dein, and Janice Perkins. "IDENTIFYING MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS AMONG RURAL INDIGENOUS PEOPLES." Australian Journal of Rural Health 11, no. 4 (August 2003): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2003.00503.x.
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K K, Jyothi, and Prof (Dr ). K. V. Ramachandran. "Sustainability of Housing Conditions in Rural Kerala." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 09, no. 05 (May 2024): 1443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i05.008.
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Housing being an important component of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development is an essential driver in achieving sustainable development goals directly or indirectly. Adequate and affordable housing leads to benefits in health, education and economic opportunities. “Adequate housing means more than a roof over one’s head. It also means adequate privacy; adequate space; physical accessibility; adequate security; security of tenure; structural stability and durability; adequate lighting, heating and ventilation; adequate basic infrastructure, such as water supply, sanitation and waste management facilities; suitable environmental quality and health related factors; and adequate and accessible location with regard to work and basic facilities: all of which should be available at an affordable cost” (UN-HABITAT, 2023). The state of Kerala occupies a unique position not only among the states in India but also among the developing countries as well in its high level of human and social development. Regarding housing, the average size, quality, and investment per house in the state were better than in other parts of the country. Today, housing condition in Kerala is much better when compared to the rest of the country. Kerala has achieved massive improvements in quality of human life. In this context, the present study attempts to examine the sustainability of housing conditions in rural Kerala by analysing the unit level data of NSSO 76th round for rural sector of Kerala based on the criteria for sustainability in housing adapted from the relevant literature in this regard.
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Mamdy, Jean-François. "Le développement local par le tourisme rural : enjeux et conditions (Community development by rural tourism : stakes and conditions)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 72, no. 1 (1995): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1995.1801.
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Lescheva, M. G., T. N. Steklova, and A. S. Khusainova. "Analysis of socio-economic conditions for rural development." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2111-06.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of observing the living conditions of the rural population, assessing the scale and effectiveness of state support measures aimed at the development of rural territories. The development of engineering infrastructure (gasification and water supply), provision of improved housing, accessibility of means of communication, educational and medical services in rural areas was considered. A comparative assessment of the level and structure of household income in the city and the countryside has been carried out. Living conditions have been identified as factors in the deterioration of the socio-economic situation in rural settlements. The directions of improvement of socio-economic conditions of development of rural territories, which involves increase of state support financing within the framework of federal targeted projects and programs, increase of interest of private business and activity of the local community, have been defined.
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Miroshnichenko, T. "RETHINKING THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF RURAL TERRITORIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 8 (2022): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-8-124-131.
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Numerous socio-economic problems of villages and ongoing civilizational transformations require rethinking of a model of rural development. The subject of the study is the principles and mechanism for managing the sustainable socio-economic development of rural territories. The purpose of the study is to justify the new model of sustainable inclusive development of rural areas, which contributes to the growth of economic capabilities, the level of social security and the quality of life of the rural population throughout the country. Research methods. In the course of the study, methods of induction and deduction, economic-statistical analysis, monographic and abstract-logical methods have been used. Research results. The exogenous model of the rural territories development has not been able to ensure the growth of the quality of life of the rural population for many years. The fifth of rural residents still belongs to the poor. A distinctive feature of rural poverty is its high level among the working population, which makes an unattractive living in the village. Therefore, a transition to a new model of development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusiveness is necessary: providing all residents of the village of equal opportunities for self -realization and access to public benefits, the development of the rural economy, taking into account the specifics of the territories, the growth of employment, ensuring comparability of the level and quality of life, regardless of the place of residence, regardless citizens who contribute to the preservation of human capital in the village and territorial equality. The mechanism for managing the proposed model of rural development is based on the development, coordination and implementation of strategies and plans for the development of rural territories from municipal to the federal level with the annual monitoring of the achievement of target indicators and evaluating the effectiveness of officials
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Riabokon, Vasyl. "Rural social development in the conditions of government decentralization." Ekonomika APK 323, no. 9 (September 28, 2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202109006.
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The purpose of the article is to analyse the state and outline the prospects of rural social development in the conditions of government decentralization. Research methods. The research used dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, monographic (analysis of social infrastructure), empirical (comprehensive assessment of the current state of the object of study), abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and conclusions). Research results. The study and analysis of rural social development revealed the essence of its current state, described the causes of neglect of most villages, identified essential factors that will significantly eliminate existing shortcomings and shortcomings in rural social development. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and practical provisions on rural social development on a new innovative basis have been further developed. The problem of rural development is considered considering both economic and social factors in their dialectical combination and relationship. Unique agglomeration formations are created by the perspective direction of rural social development. Practical significance. Specific factors of rural social development have been identified and analyzed, which may endanger both its existence and the preservation and reproduction of human capital. Ways to solve the existing problem in the conditions of government decentralization are outlined. Tabl.: 1. Refs.: 42.
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Zhiguleva, L. Yu. "CONDITIONS FOR FORMING READINESS OF RURAL SCHOOLCHILDREN FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION." Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 225 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-225-25.
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The conditions of modern realities orient the rural school and rural pedagogical community towards ensuring the readiness of rural schoolchildren for social interaction within the framework of these conditions. The current sociocultural, economic and political transformations predetermine new guidelines and value-semantic aspects of social interaction in the conditions of the rural educational environment. These changes completely affect the rural school, which is subject, as well as urban schools, to trends related to technological innovations in education, ways of interaction of participants in the educational process in the new emerging conditions of social life, and most importantly, the development of ways for further successful socialization of students. The author approaches the solution of the problem by analyzing the essence of social interaction and expanding the etymological spectrum of this concept in new sociocultural conditions extrapolated to the life and work of subjects of the educational process in a rural school. The article identifies significant components that determine the content spectrum of the concept of “social interaction”, expanding on the basis of updating social and humanitarian knowledge; rural features in their influence on the process of formation of readiness of rural schoolchildren for social interaction, as well as the conditions for the formation of this readiness. The author considers some aspects that determine important patterns in the implementation of conditions in the formation of the readiness of rural students for social interaction during the period of study and socialization in a rural school.
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Khomiuk, Nataliia. "Directions of diversification of rural development in the conditions of decentralization." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 5-6 (August 2019): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.5-6.15.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is determining the areas of diversification of rural development in decentralization in order to improve the quality of life of rural population and ensure the competitiveness of rural areas and achieve environmental security. Methodology of research. Common methods of study are applied in economic science in the course of the study, in particular: monographic, system and structural - in determining the directions of diversification of rural development in the conditions of decentralization. Findings. The following areas of diversification of rural development under decentralization conditions have been identified in order to ensure the social and ecological and economic development of rural territories: diversification of agricultural production; diversification of non-agricultural activities; diversification of funding sources; diversification of forms of ownership and management. It is suggested to diversify the development of rural territories in the field of agricultural production by expanding the range of products, increasing the volume of organic and niche production. It is determined that the choice of non-agricultural activities for each rural area is different and depends on natural resources and its location. The directions of diversification of non-agricultural activity in rural areas are proposed, such as: industry, rural green tourism, services and folk arts, production of specific regional products, legal entities and individuals, grants. We believe that the diversification of ownership and management in rural areas involves stimulating the development of different forms of ownership, promotion of various forms, creation of cooperatives and clusters. Originality. The scientific and practical recommendations on the formation of directions of diversification of rural development under decentralization conditions, which are determined depending on the object of diversification (agricultural production, non-agricultural activity, sources of financing, forms of ownership and management), have been improved. Practical value. The obtained results of the study are the basis for solving practical problems of rural development in the context of decentralization in Ukraine. Key words: diversification of rural development; agricultural production; non-agricultural activities; sources of financing; ownership and economic management; organic production; cluster.
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Zakshevskiy, V. G., and Z. V. Gavrilova. "MONITORING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN RURAL AREAS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 2384–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-10-2384-2396.
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The article discusses the problems that arise when monitoring the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas, since, despite the sufficient number of works on monitoring the human capital in rural areas or the agricultural sector, the integral system of quantitative socio-economic indicators for assessing the human capital development conditions in rural areas remains poorly studied. First of all, a basic concept of monitoring is given, as well as an applied concept - monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas, which is understood as a system of constant monitoring, collection, registration, storage and analysis of several key parameters that assess the conditions for the formation and development of congenital and accumulated physical, mental and personal abilities and qualities of the population of rural areas, as well as acquiring knowledge and skills that can be used by them in order to deliver economic income or social effect. The monitoring process is presented in detail in the relationship of this category with concepts close to it (diagnostics, as a preliminary stage, monitoring as the main stage, appropriate policy development, as the final stage). The diversity of monitoring indicators used in the social sphere of human life is reflected: for rural areas, for the agrarian sphere, for the regional socio-economic system, for the development of municipalities' social and labor systems, for social factors of the region's development, etc. The authors' idea of an integral system of indicators for monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas is given, which is a combination of six blocks: health care, education, culture and sports, demography and migration, infrastructure, as well as socio-economic conditions.
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Haque, M. Ershadul, and M. Mazharul Islam. "Rural to Urban Migration and Household Living Conditions in Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Science 60, no. 2 (August 3, 2012): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11529.
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This study examines the relationships between rural to urban migration status and household living conditions, using the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data. The analysis finds significant living condition advantage of rural-urban migrants and urban natives over rural-natives, primarily linked to migration selectivity by education and occupation. Once the independent effects of education and occupation are controlled, association between migration status and living conditions remain significant but living condition advantage of rural-urban migrants and urban natives over rural natives fall down. The results imply that promoting higher education and opportunities for employment outside the agricultural or labour sectors (pull factor) are more likely to yield improved living conditions in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11529 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 253-257, 2012 (July)
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Viremeichyk, Anatolii, and Olha Ruban. "MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.007.
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Introduction. Most developing countries are still struggling for the efficient use of their resources. To overcome the physical and administrative development restrictions, it is necessary to transfer the powers of the central government to local authorities. The distribution of power from improves the management of resources and community participation, which is considered key to sustainable development. For Ukraine, the development of territories is one of the key issues of public administration, especially in conditions of decentralization. This is especially true of rural areas in view of the need to solve their socio-economic problems. Proponents of decentralization argue that the decentralized government is a source of improvement of community participation in the development of rural areas. Goal – to study the state of development of rural areas in Ukraine, the EU, to identify peculiarities and generalize the directions of diversification in order to increase the efficiency of not only agricultural production, but also the social profile of rural territory. Method (methodology). The research methodology is formed on the basis of evaluation of statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2017-2019) regarding the state of development of rural areas in Ukraine. Within the study, problems are identified as low efficiency of state support, and decline in rural areas. In the process of scientific search applied comparative, structural research methods. The results. It is noted that the main attention in public administration should be given to rural territories. It is determined that their development depends precisely from the effective functioning of agrarian enterprises, in particular the farms of the population, in particular farmers, that is, areas of agrarian management as a whole. An analysis of the state of development of rural areas is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the features of rural territories, the normative settlement of decentralization in Ukraine and the main tasks of diversification, which are expedient to implement. It was revealed that Ukraine, seeking to be part of the EU should provide balanced development, in particular rural areas. Supernational support within the EU's efficiency of agriculture is analyzed. Despite the issues with the implementation, it is concluded that decentralization will change the existing policy of rural development in Ukraine as a result of changing the role of united territorial communities and the formation of such a development strategy, which will combine decentralization and economical and social development.
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Garreto, Gairo, J. Santos Baptista, and Antônia Mota. "Occupational Conditions in Brazilian Modern Rural Slave Labour." Safety 7, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7020028.
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Work in rural properties in conditions similar to slavery remains a reality in many countries, including Brazil. The Brazilian State characterises contemporary slave labour as a condition of freedom restriction for paying off debt, served by intensive working hours or inadequate working conditions related to Occupational Safety and Health. This study highlights the working conditions in rural slavery in Brazil, based on the Occupational Safety and Health perspective. The study was carried out based on a sample of Inspection Reports of the Governmental Authority to Combat Modern Slavery. A random sample of 42 reports was collected and analysed, describing the working conditions of 392 rural workers characterised as labour analogous to slavery. The analysis strategy was carried out from an Occupational Safety and Health standpoint. Data sets were identified and selected, grouped into five categories: Work routine; General health conditions; Manual machines and tools; Environmental conditions. Widespread exposure of Neo-enslaved workers to stressful working hours was found, in addition to severe Occupational Safety and Health problems. The occurrence of all these characteristics simultaneously was the most observed phenomenon among the sample, which demonstrates that it is possible to identify cases of modern slavery from an Occupational Safety and Health perspective.
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Baranovich, A., and L. Baranovich. "MODERN RURAL HOMESTEAD IN THE NEW SOCIAL CONDITIONS." Vìsnik L’vìvs’kogo nacìonal’nogo agrarnogo unìversitetu. Arhìtektura ì sìl’s’kogospodars’ke budìvnictvo, no. 18 (October 1, 2017): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/architecture2017.18.119.
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Averyanov, B. А., and L. F. Nugumanova. "DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT RURAL TERRITORIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS." KAZAN SOCIALLY-HUMANITARIAN BULLETIN 8, no. 3 (June 2017): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24153/2079-5912-2017-8-3-13-17.
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Szopiński, Wiesław. "Conditions of entrepreneurship development in urban-rural communes." Problems of Small Agricultural Holdings / Problemy Drobnych Gospodarstw Rolnych 1 (2018): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/pdgr/2018.1.93.
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Pomianek, Iwona, and Magdalena Niewęgłowska. "CREATING CONDITIONS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7236.
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The aim of the paper was to identify instruments that municipal authorities can use to stimulate development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. The activities of local governments aimed at improving working and living conditions such as the investments in the area of road construction or renovation as well as in the construction and modernization of sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants. Entrepreneurs and owners of already operating enterprises were much less often provided with advisory and training services. The limited budget resources of a municipality enforce the decision which needs of the local community should be satisfied in the first place. Investments in technical infrastructure, eg. improvement of the quality of local roads or construction of new roads bring relatively quick and measurable effects: they are noticeable by the community and can be an important opportunity when assessing activities of the local authorities.
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Choudhary, Shahidur Rahman. "Socio-Demographic Conditions of Rural Aged in Bangladesh." Middle East Journal of Age and Ageing 10, no. 2 (March 2013): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5742/mejaa.2013.102177.
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Maine, Rebecca G., Allison F. Linden, Robert Riviello, Emmanuel Kamanzi, Gita N. Mody, Georges Ntakiyiruta, Grace Kansayisa, et al. "Prevalence of Untreated Surgical Conditions in Rural Rwanda." JAMA Surgery 152, no. 12 (December 20, 2017): e174013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2017.4013.
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Semin, Alexander N., and Grigory A. Iovlev. "Adaptation of rural mechanizers to innovative economic conditions." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 10 (2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-55-61.
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Agriculture is developing on the basis of the introduction of innovative technologies and the use of modern highly efficient equipment. The processes of modernization of the machine and tractor fleet are being carried out. Agricultural machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, forage harvesters, seeders and plows, various trailed and mounted equipment, etc.) is becoming noticeably more complex towards the use of information technology, electronics in automatic control systems, expanding functions, creating comfortable working conditions for employees. The article gives a brief description of the applied innovative technologies in crop and livestock industries. The main directions hindering the development and introduction of new high-performance agricultural machinery are outlined. On concrete examples and research results in the agro-industrial complex of the Sverdlovsk region, it is shown which age groups of machine operators who graduated from various educational institutions and courses prefer to work on one or another technique, how quickly they adapt to ultra-modern technology. The qualitative composition of the mechanical personnel has been specified. Specific recommendations are given on the formation of the machine and tractor fleet and the establishment of the optimal life of tractors.
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Fernandes, Michele da Silva Valadão, and Matias Noll. "Health and education conditions in rural settlements in Brazil." Ideias 14 (March 2, 2023): e023002. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/ideias.v14i00.8670430.
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Settled families and rural workers face precarious living and working conditions that weaken their health and access to quality education. Health and education indicators are important parameters for planning and implementing public policies to improve these subjects' access to health and education. In light of this, this scoping review aimed at identifying the health and education conditions of families and workers living in rural settlements in Brazil. The SciELO, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched. After the study screening process, thirty articles published between 1997 and 2021 were included in the review. The studies showed that families and settled workers are highly vulnerable in terms of health and education, with emphasis on the difficulty of accessing health services, leisure and physical activity, goods, and services such as transportation, basic sanitation, and income, as well as all levels of education, especially higher education. The main causes of the advances observed in the conditions of access to education were the constitution of rural education and the National Rural Education Program (Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária [PRONERA]). The democratization of access to health and education services in rural settlements depends on public policies that focus on valuing the socioeconomic, cultural, and educational context of rural people. Therefore, interventions and public policies must aim at expanding access to health and education services in the settlements and promoting autonomy in the relations between work and production.
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Volokhova, M. A. "DECISION STRATEGY CONCEPT TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-4-699-711.
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Modern conditions for the development of market relations leave a significant imprint on all main aspects of rural life. The socio-economic situation of rural households is dangerously dependent on the fluctuations of various institutions, be it the labor institution, the food market or the production system. Under these conditions, increasing attention is being paid to the development of targeted programs to improve the living standard and the socio-economic situation of the population in rural settlements. The article discusses a methodological approach to assess the living standards of rural settlements in the context of municipal districts of the Saratov region, in particular, the Samoilovsky municipality. Basing on the participatory approach, categories of the rural population are determined by income level and a direct correlation dependence of the demographic situation (birth rate, mortality, migration rate) and the level of rural household income are revealed. The parameters of the resource of patience and the boundaries of the passive expectation for the poor and impoverished layers of the rural population, as well as the prerequisites for the passivity of the able-bodied population to participate in the processes of increasing their own well-being and well-being of others are determined. The conditions and parameters of the property status compelling the activation of the use of internal material and social sources of income are revealed. Three levels of decision-making strategies for improving the financial situation of the family are distinguished: employees, employers (agricultural enterprises and K(F)X), authorities (district administration). As a result, a concept of a decision-making strategy was developed to improve the material situation of households in rural settlements of the Saratov region. The economic factor (the size of wages) has one of the decisive effects on all the demographic processes taking place in society.
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Газетдинов, Миршарип, Mirsharip Gazetdinov, Ольга Семичева, Ol'ga Semicheva, Шамиль Газетдинов, and Shamil Gazetdinov. "FEATURES OF RURAL TERRITORIES DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db98b0c862ba8.00690321.
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The article explores the impact of economic modernization on the social and economic situation of rural residents. It justifies the need to develop mechanisms to regulate the activities of business entities taking into account the fundamental interests of the rural population, such as improving and leveling the social and economic conditions of life in order to freely develop the personality of each resident of rural areas. It is alleged that rural areas have their own specifics, which is associated with traditions, culture and relatively low population density. The specificity is manifested in the fact that the rural economy can be simultaneously represented by agriculture and forestry, industrial production, tourism and recreation, and other industries. These areas of activity can become complementary to the main specialization of entrepreneurship in a particular rural area. Two features of the development of rural territories in the near future are distinguished: due to the effective use of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and the improvement of technological processes in modern agricultural units, the need for labor resources is reduced; a decrease in the demand for labor resources from agriculture leads to a deterioration in the social and economic situation, and, as a consequence, to an outflow of the population from rural areas. The need for the development of a special social-targeted block in any comprehensive modernization programs is argued. This block should contain requirements that ensure a well-defined character and sequence of social changes in work.
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Ilyinskaya, E. V. "RURAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INSTABILITY." Scientific Review Theory and Practice 11, no. 8 (2021): 2599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2021-11-8-2599-2608.
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The relevance of the problem stated in the article is conditioned by the fact that the rural population continues to decline. There are processes of compression of populated and developed space, dying of traditional rural way of life, development of suburban areas, leaning to the zones of influence of agglomerations and emergence of agriculture- unrelated activities. The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic possibilities of managing rural spatial development under conditions of socio-economic instability through the analysis of dynamics of the number of rural settlements over a period of years. The main research methods of the problem stated in the article are: theoretical approaches (analysis of domestic and foreign theoretical statements of spatial development), statistical and systematic analysis, analysis and synthesis, analysis of legislative and program documents. Under conditions of socio-economic instability, rural spatial development is increasingly being seized by the processes of compression of populated and developed space, as well as completely new solutions for non-agricultural settlement development (distance forms of education, medical services, rural tourism, traditional crafts, distance working, creative projects, etc.). The article assesses the conditions and factors of probability of the formation of a rural settlement system taking into account the goals of national development. It is determined that only multifunctional development of territories, promotion in creation of new, up-to-date settlement systems (synthesizing urban and rural types of settlement in itself) will build the basis for the implementation of the goals of national development, namely: preservation of the population, health and well-being of people; opportunities for self- realization of citizens and decent, effective work; creation of a comfortable and safe environment for life, digital transformation. According to the results of theoretical and methodological analysis and assessment of the production bases of the development of forms of rural population, it is established that it is strategically advisable to focus on the organization of villages with a complex structure of the economy: the more functions a rural settlement performs, the more successfully it develops.
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Eliseeva, Aleksandra A., and Elena B. Dvoryadkina. "Conditions for the Development of Markets for Personal Services of Rural Municipalities." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.12.24.
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The relevance of considering the regional personal services market as a component of the regional consumer services market plays an indisputable role for the development of economic growth in rural areas, as well as for the development of the rural infrastructure services market. The article is devoted to the identification of re-gional conditions for the development of personal services markets of rural municipalities. The subject of the study is socio-economic relations arising in the economic space of rural municipalities and directly affecting the markets of personal services, their development. The methodological basis of the study is presented on the basis of a systematic approach that allows identifying local markets for personal services of rural municipalities as a component of the regional consumer market. The article presents an analysis involving the disclosure of strengths and weaknesses, as well as prospects (opportunities) and threats affecting the markets of personal services of rural municipalities localized in the Sverdlovsk region. A methodology for analyzing local markets of personal services of rural municipalities has been developed, which includes a number of stages. The condi-tions for the development of local personal services markets in the context of rural municipalities of the Sverd-lovsk region are determined on the basis of SWOT analysis.
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S., Ndhleve, D. V. Nakin M., and Longo-Mbenza B. "Rural households awareness and preceptions to variability in climatic conditions in rural South Africa." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 3 (January 9, 2014): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.6843.
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Bukhtiyarova, Tatyana I., Oksana N. Mikhailyuk, and Irina N. Baturina. "Basic conditions for food security of the state." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 11 (2022): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-11-2-5.
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The authors define the sustainable development of rural areas as a basic condition for ensuring the food security of the state. Sustainable development of rural areas is considered in the form of a complex harmonious combination of vector components of economic, social and environmental development, implemented through institutional infrastructure, which is in constant development and improvement. The authors, defining the importance of monitoring and timely development of preventive measures to prevent the negative impact of various factors on the activities of economic entities, express their opinion that the result of these actions is an increase in the profitability of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, economic entities, which in turn helps to prevent crisis phenomena in the economy, strengthening economic sustainability at all levels.
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Zinina, Olga, Alena Stupina, Elena Plotnikova, Artem Stupin, and Julia Olentsova. "Problems of sustainable economic development in modern conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 09055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338909055.
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Solving the problems of sustainable economic development and improving the standard of living and well-being of the population in Russia is largely due to increasing the effectiveness of the system of strategic planning and management of socio-ecological and economic development of regions. For many years, the priority direction in the rural economy of the country has been the sectoral agrarian approach, including in areas with limited resource potential. This did not contribute to a breakthrough in the development of agriculture due to the destruction of established principles and relationships. Particular attention should be paid to the problem of infrastructure development in rural areas, economic entities engaged in the processing and sale of agricultural raw materials and products, local crafts and rural tourism, services.
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Skal'naya, Marina. "Realities and prospects of rural mortgages in rural housing policy." Russian Journal of Management 11, no. 2 (August 5, 2023): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2023-11-2-234-244.
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The analysis of organizational and economic mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population presented in the article within the framework of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Integrated development of rural territories" for the period of this program in terms of the federal project "Development of housing construction in rural areas and improvement of the level of household improvement" revealed the weaknesses and strengths of the organizational and economic tools used in this project and mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population and ensuring a sustainable reduction in the proportion of unsuitable for accommodation of the housing stock.The improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms in the field of housing policy in rural areas is aimed at reducing the number of rural families registered for a long time as those in need of housing.
Based on the research, directions are proposed to improve the existing organizational and economic mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population in order to increase the share of the total area of well-maintained residential premises in rural settlements, including by restructuring budget allocations within the framework of the Federal Project "Development of housing construction in rural areas and improving the level of home improvement".
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Chen, Juan. "Chronic Conditions and Receipt of Treatment among Urbanized Rural Residents in China." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/568959.
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While undergoing the unprecedented urbanization process in the past few decades, China has also experienced a major epidemiological shift from predominantly infectious diseases to chronic conditions. Using data from a national survey of 1,288 respondents in urban China, this study examines the prevalence of chronic conditions and receipt of treatment among urbanized rural residents who have experienced in situ urbanization. Negative binomial and logistic regressions were applied to estimate the differences in chronic conditions, receipt of treatment, and concern of seeking medical treatment among urbanized rural residents as compared to urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants. The results indicate that urbanized rural residents have similar number or prevalence of chronic conditions with urban residents, but they are less likely to receive treatment particularly for cardiovascular conditions. The analysis further reveals that urbanized rural residents are more anxious about their potential inability to cover medical expenses than both urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants. The study stresses the converging prevalence of chronic conditions but the continuing divide in receipt of treatment between urban residents and urbanized rural residents. As China’s urbanization continues with the epidemiological transition, there is an urgent need to address such disparities.
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Nikulina, Yulia N. "Rural employment in Russia: Present conditions and prospects for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors." Russian Journal of Economics 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.9.112008.
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Contributing to a discussion on rural employment forecast in Russia, this paper systematizes the challenges for the rural labor market: population outflow, weak impulses to develop non-agricultural employment and rural entrepreneurship, changing labor needs in agriculture and a decline in the number of labor migrants. The results of the regional differentiation research show that the response strategies of Russian regions to stabilize employment differ significantly and include active intra-Russian labor migration or reliance on high agricultural state support, development of self-employment and jobs preservation in labor-intensive, low-productivity sectors of agricultural production. The article discusses rural development prospects associated with the return migration of urban residents to rural areas, which creates a new basis for rural employment growth. A theoretical implication of the rural employment perspectives discussion is the proposed concept of “out-of-urban employment” that actualizes the traditional approach of seeking employment only for indigenous rural people who have lost their jobs in agriculture, and includes new types and forms of employment for urban dwellers. Analysis of the current state support for rural employment in Russia shows that it is poorly aligned with the existing challenges. The scale of both financing and the number of potential participants is small; direct support measures are limited to the agricultural sector, while indirect ones — through support for rural infrastructure — create mainly public sector employment. The practical implications of the outcomes are some proposed ways of developing measures to support rural employment, taking into account non-agricultural rural economy needs.
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Poczta-Wajda, A., and J. Poczta. "The role of natural conditions in qualified agritourism – case of Poland." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 4 (April 27, 2016): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/97/2015-agricecon.
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The article investigates the role of natural conditions in the development of the qualified form of rural tourism, which the authors define as qualified agritourism. The research hypothesis assumes that rural space, which is characterized by high natural conditions, complemented in sporting infrastructure, can support the development of qualified agritourism. The empirical survey examines the relationship between the sightseeing and natural conditions and the conditions for physical recreation occurring on agritourism farms in Poland. Further, the findings suggest that, in the opinion of the hosts and guests of agritourism farms, undertaking of physical recreational activity and its intensity are influenced by the favourable sightseeing and natural conditions, the number of offered forms of physical recreation and the availability of sports equipment.
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LISOVA, Tetiana, Svitlana SHARAPOVA, Viktoriia BREDIKHINA, and Liudmyla LEIBA. "Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in the Conditions of Globalization: Ukrainian Realities." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.1(65).21.
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Ukrainian agriculture remains one of the most problematic sectors of the national economy, and revolutionary processes in rural areas are today in the center of attention of national scientists, politicians, and public representatives. The article carries out a scientific study related to the search for the fundamental reasons for the low effectiveness of reform decisions and actions implemented in Ukraine with the aim of bringing the level of development of Ukrainian rural areas closer to the EU standards. Such research can become the basis for forecasting trends in the development of rural areas of Ukraine in the medium and long term. It can also serve as a reliable basis for applied mechanisms of reforming the agro-industrial complex in the post-war period and the evolution of rural areas of Ukraine in the context of European integration.
It is noted that from the point of view of European integration, there is a natural, labor, technical, technological, scientific and information potential for the development of rural areas of Ukraine. At the same time, there is a need to find alternative approaches to the development of rural areas of Ukraine, in particular, focusing on those principles that ensure effective development of rural areas of EU member states.
Improving the economic security of the country and transitioning to a higher level of socio-economic development is impossible without the creation of a comprehensive, scientifically based strategy for the development of rural areas on the basis of sustainability.
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Sav, Adem, Michelle A. King, Fiona Kelly, Sara S. McMillan, Elizabeth Kendall, Jennifer A. Whitty, and Amanda J. Wheeler. "Self-management of chronic conditions in a rural and remote context." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 1 (2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13084.
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Living in a rural or remote environment presents unique challenges for people with chronic conditions, mainly those created by limited health-care services and the physical and emotional isolation. Yet, research on how people self-manage their chronic conditions in such locations is limited. This study aims to contribute to research and clinical practice by describing the ways in which a diverse group of rural and remote people with a range of chronic conditions, and their unpaid carers, self-manage their conditions. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews, data was collected from a sample of 32 participants, residing in one of two regions of Australia: Mount Isa/North West region of Queensland and the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales. Our findings suggest that although self-managing in a rural and remote context requires many of the lifestyle changes necessary in urban areas, the uniqueness of the rural lifestyle and the limited availability of health care results in, at times, creative forms of self-management. Health-care professionals and policy makers need to be cognisant of the ways in which rural and remote residents modify self-management strategies to suit their needs, and help them develop self-management plans tailored to the realities of their rural environment.
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Nkambule, Thabisile. "Exploring working conditions in selected rural schools: teachers’ experiences." South African Journal of Education 42, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v42n1a2013.
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Even though quality education is important for the empowerment of individuals and development of society, some rural schools in South Africa continue to function amid tough conditions. Because little research on the topic exists, with this article I explore and identify teachers’ experiences of the working conditions in rural schools in South Africa. A qualitative, descriptive and interpretive case study was used, and 5 schools were purposively selected as cases for the study, 2 primary and 3 secondary schools. Interviews and observations with 11 teachers provided insight into the difficult working conditions that teachers in some rural school need to contend with. Teachers in rural schools continue to experience difficult working conditions and due to their loyalty to their schools, they do not relocate to other schools. Dilapidated infrastructure, a lack of chalk boards, insufficient textbooks, among others, hamper teacher’s working conditions and constrain their teaching. The participants in the study indicated that principals played a fundamental role in supporting and inspiring teachers who work under challenging conditions.
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Odebode, Adedayo Ayodeji, Timothy Tunde Oladokun, and Oyeronke Toyin Ogunbayo. "Potentials of Integrated Rural Development Schemes for Improving Rural Infrastructure." Journal of African Real Estate Research 6, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v6i2.693.
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The idea of the Integrated Development Scheme (IDS) has received considerable attention in India, Indonesia and in some African countries such as Kenya and Ethiopia. The scheme has led to urban slum upgrading in these countries and has led to notable successes in the provision of common facilities in the rural areas of India. Therefore, given the neglect of rural areas by both private and public sectors, and the need to improve the housing conditions of rural dwellers, this paper examines the benefits of improved livelihoods from the scheme to improving rural housing conditions in Nigeria. A case study of the Rural Development Programme (RUDEP) of Justice Development and Peace Makers' Centre (JDPMC), a non-governmental organisation in Osun State, Nigeria, was conducted. Stratified and purposive sampling was used to select 344 participants/beneficiaries of the programme from 28 active communities out of the 36 communities' coverage by RUDEP. Qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics of percentages and frequency distributions. The results revealed that the RUDEP integrated scheme, which was first initiated with the objective of improving the livelihood of poorer farmers and women that engaged in agricultural-related activities, has also impacted rural housing conditions positively by empowering them to provide facilities that were not initially in place. The paper concluded that IDS could be a viable policy option for improving the condition of rural housing in Nigeria.
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Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Romana, Joanna Stanisławska, and Andrzej Wołoszyn. "MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2229.
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The aim of the study was to compare the housing conditions of the population living in rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska province communes. The multidimensional assessment of housing conditions was carried out using the TOPSIS method. The research drew on 2016 data published by the Central Statistical Office in the Local Data Bank. The housing conditions in rural areas of the Wielkopolska province were found to be significantly worse than in urban areas. Over 38% of all examined urban areas and only 5% of rural areas (mainly located in the Poznań Metropolitan Area) were classified as Class I with the highest level of housing conditions. Class IV – with the lowest level of housing conditions – included as many as 25% of rural areas and only one urban area located in a mixed, urban-rural commune. In many of the studies, dynamic, beneficial changes in housing conditions in rural areas are emphasized despite the continuous worse situation of rural areas compared to cities. However, due to the observed suburbanisation processes in rural areas in the vicinity of large urban agglomerations, it would be necessary to distinguish living transformations in these rural areas, from changes in housing conditions in rural areas that perform typical agricultural functions.
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Toze, Michael, Kelly Sisson, Thomas George, and Mo Ray. "Support for people with long-term neurological conditions in rural English communities." British Journal of Community Nursing 24, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.5.212.
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Almost one-fifth of the population in England lives in rural areas. Compared to urban populations, the rural population is older and faces greater difficulties in accessing medical services. At the same time, healthcare teams in rural areas face particular challenges in recruiting and retaining staff, travelling between patients and keeping specialised knowledge up-to-date. Drawing upon a recent health needs assessment for people living with long-term neurological conditions in a rural English county, as well as a broader review of the literature, this paper considers the challenges of rurality and discusses potential solutions. Technological and community-based responses have often been suggested as responses to challenges of rurality. However, there is likely to be a need for up-front investment of resources and careful consideration of individual and community needs before these solutions can be applied to rural neurological care.
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Hossain, M. A., M. E. Haque, M. Tanzin, and M. R. Islam. "Performances of Red Chittagong cow under farming and rural conditions." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 52, no. 2 (June 28, 2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v52i2.67213.
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This study aimed to assess the hematological parameters, productive and reproductive performances of Red Chittagong cows (RCC) under farming and rural production systems. Hence, three villages (Sailabari, Munsumi and Baniagati) of Khokshabari union under Sadar upazila of Sirajganj district were selected. The 40 Red Chittagong cows from each production system were taken under this study. Twenty (20) farmers were selected through direct interviewing process with a structured questionnaire. Farming condition and rural condition data were analyzed with unpaired t-test along with GLM procedure of SAS statistical package. Services per conception (times), postpartum heat period (days) and calving interval (days) had significant (p<0.01) differences between farming and rural condition, whereas, age at first calving (months) significantly differed (p<0.05). Average milk yield (kg/d) had significantly different at the values of p<0.05, whereas, lactation period was significantly differed at the values of p<0.01. Hemoglobin (g /100ml) and PCV% were significantly different (p<0.05) between farming and rural condition of RCC in the selected areas. From the study, it may be concluded that the productive and reproductive performances of RCC were better in farming condition than in rural conditions in selected areas. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 52 (2): 55-60.
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Sava, Andriy, Borys Sydoruk, and Roman Voloshyn. "Management of rural territories land resources in decentralization conditions." Economic discourse, no. 3 (September 2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-3-3.
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Introduction. Under decentralization, there is a gradual transfer of powers and resources to local governments. In this case, one of the most urgent problem for rural areas, is the organization of rational land management from the position of financial support improving through the disposing of lands, and using available lands for community needs. Methods. General and special methods – monographic and abstract-logical, methods of generalization, comparison and analysis have been applied for data processing. Results. During the decentralization reform, it was found that 488 rural united territorial communities were formed, covering almost half the area of all UTCs created. In addition, nearly 800 village councils joint to the city-based UTCs. The ways of the redistribution of powers on the UTC land resources management are established at the expense of acquiring their own powers, obtaining delegated ones, as well as acquiring the rights of other institutions. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of managing land resources of rural communities at the local level. It has been determined that the applicable law restrict communal land use of UTC. At the same time, the importance of agricultural land outside the settlement transfer to the disposal of communities is emphasized. The importance of the land payment in the structure of local budget revenues is analyzed in detail, the key problems and contradictions that accompany the process of land management powers reallocation are identified. Suggestions are made to improve the rural communities land resources management through their inventory, accounting and monitoring, revision of rental rates for communal property, strengthening control over compliance with the terms of land use agreements, use of free lands in the interests of communities. Discussion. Further studies in this area are going to be aimed at developing a comprehensive mechanism for ensuring effective management of land resources in rural areas after the completion of decentralization. Keywords: land resources, rural territories, decentralization, united territorial communities, local governments.