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Hays, Michael. "Rural settlements the rehabilitation of the rural landscape /." This title; PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Andersson, Robin. "Electric power quality in low voltage grid : Office buildings and rural substation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28441.
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The modern society uses more and more electronic devices needed to being able to function together. This put higher demands on the electrical grid together with that the typical load have changed from the past. Therefore utility companies are obliged to keep the voltage within certain limits for this to function. What exact these limits have been have not always been clear since they have not been gathered in one single document. This thesis is a cooperation with Kraftringen who also has been the initiator. Kraftringen would like to become more proactive in their work regarding electric power quality. For becoming more proactive continuously measurements have to be done but the locations have to be carefully selected in the beginning to get a wider perspective of the grid. Energy markets inspectorate (EI) is supervisory of the electric power quality in Sweden and since 2011 they have published a code of statutes (EIFS 2011:2 later 2013:1) intended to summarize limits on voltage. Some of the electrical power quality aspects are not mentioned in EIFS 2013:1 and standards have to be used to find limited values. Flicker and interharmonics are not mentioned in EIFS 2013:1 and for values on flicker the standard SS-EN 50160 has to be used and for interharmonics the standard SS-EN 61000-2-2 state limit values. Besides all this there are standards with stricter limits than EIFS 2013:1 e.g. for total harmonic distortion on voltage were SS-EN 61000-2-2 suggest 6 % instead of 8 %. Three different field studies have been conducted in order to get some perception of the present situation regarding electric power quality. Two measurements were conducted on a typical office building because they represents a large part of the typical load in Lund. The third measurement was conducted on a substation in a rural area to get a perception of the situation outside urban areas. These measurements shown that the overall electric power quality was within given limits according to EIFS 2013:1 and different standards. However, conducted measurements shown some interesting results. Both the typical office buildings have a slightly capacitive power factor which results in that the voltage inside the building is going to be slightly higher than at the substation. Since the voltage level at the measured urban substation was above nominal voltage level with about 2-5 % this could be problematic. Another eventual problem with a load with a capacitive power factor is resonance with the inductive parts of the grid like transformers leading to magnified harmonic levels. It is suggested that Kraftringen expand their number of permanent electric power quality measurement locations to get a better overview of the present situation. The best suited locations to start with are such that have received complaints earlier, preferably measured on the low voltage side of the transformer for also register the amount of zero sequence harmonics. Next step in the measurement expansion would be substations known to be under higher load than others or substations with a PEN-conductor in a smaller area than the phase conductors, supplying a typical office load with high amounts of third harmonics and unbalance. From this it would be appropriate to spread out the measurement locations geographically to better get to know the grids behaviour.
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Rocha, João Carlos Azenha. "Os canastros do Alto Lima-uma proposta de salvaguarda do património rural." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de Antropologia, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29201.
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Chan, King-lok. "A neglected heritage typology in the New Territories the Western-Chinese eclectic style rural buildings of the early 20th century /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42188982.
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Lambert, David A. "Recommendations for Interdisciplinary Design of Buildings and Other Facilities in Rural East Africa." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/257.
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Development and aid focused non-governmental organizations operating in rural East Africa face unique challenges in the design and construction of buildings and other facilities in support of their efforts. Failure to address these issues can result in financial consequences hindering success and there is very little information available providing recommendations or guidelines. A summary of the design of the Same Polytechnic, a vocational training school located in northern Tanzania, details the comprehensive process involving the multiple parties of an interdisciplinary design team each requiring specific information to evaluate the many factors involved. The lessons learned and information gathered during the design process will serve as a set of basic guidelines that will help future projects address the more serious challenges encountered when building in rural East Africa.
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Vicente, António Maria Balcão. "Santa Maria de Aguiar, um Mosteiro de Fronteira-património rural e paisagem agrícola : séculos XII-XIV." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UL-Universidade de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Letras, 1996. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30231.
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Teeple, Lisa J. "Historical development of selected design amenities in central Indiana rural school buildings, 1875-1915." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865947.
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The purposes of this study were: (1) to study the conditions that influenced the construction of early rural schoolhouses in Indiana, (2) to examine how emerging concerns for sanitation and student health surfaced from the construction of early rural schoolhouses, and (3) to provide a data base for individuals who desire to do further research on school buildings and their historic preservation. The research concentrated on the period of 1875 to .1915. Special attention was given to conditions that led to the passage of the Sanitary Schoolhouse Act of 1911.Results revealed that early schoolhouses often were constructed as little more than shelters. Virtually no consideration was given to either educational processes or the health and safety of occupants. As a result, water and other design and care of water and sewage systems resulted insanitary factors became major concerns. The inadequate serious health concerns for students and teachers. These concerns contributed to the passage of laws that eventually led to: (1) the abandonment of early rural schoolhouses, and (2) the construction of more sophisticated structures often designed by professional architects.This study also revealed that some of those early schoolhouses that survived have been converted to residential, business, or civic purposes. Photographs of such buildings in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Madison, and Tipton counties in Indiana are included in the thesis. They provide evidence that preservation is a means with which these buildings can continue to serve a useful existence.There is historical value in understanding conditions that led to the rise and fall of early rural school buildings. Collectively, data about the construction and sanitary conditions provide insights into rural culture, expand an appreciation of the uniqueness of design for these buildings, and enhance the importance and desirability of preserving these structures. The net product of this thesis is to provide a view of the construction of buildings in central Indiana of this period.Department of Architecture
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Ratti, Cristiano. "Garden buildings in urban and rural Britain, c.1690-c.1780 : style, form and function." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420501.
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Bell, Christopher. "The local economic impacts of the conversion and re-use of traditional rural working buildings." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2450/.
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As well as their intrinsic value, derived from factors such as their historical significance and meaning, redundant traditional rural working buildings have the potential for instrumental value through being economic assets that can accommodate alternative uses. The conversion works and subsequent re-use can impact upon the locality in terms of income generation and employment creation, thereby supporting local economic development. However, the extent of this local economic impact rests on the expenditure patterns of the building owner and user. Drawing on a mix of exogenous and endogenous growth theories, the study investigated the local economic impacts of converting and re-using redundant traditional rural working buildings. The focus was on the local economic impacts that were measurable spatially at the sub-regional level. The fieldwork was conducted with the collaborating partner, the National Trust, and primary data was collected from 30 traditional rural building conversion projects across England. The local economic impact of both the conversion works process and the subsequent re-use of the building were analysed. A modelling framework, drawing on the principles of Keynesian multiplier analysis and Local Multiplier 3 (LM3) modelling, was used to generate a range of estimated income and employment multipliers according to distinguishing characteristics of the buildings. In total, 12 building conversion works and 14 building re-use models were produced. The building characteristics with the largest conversion works income multipliers included: animal housing buildings, listed buildings, and buildings converted for manufacturing purposes. For building re-use, the characteristics with the largest income multipliers included: animal housing buildings, Accommodation and Food Services SIC class and let buildings. A guidance document was produced based on the findings to aid the National Trust with the consideration of local economic impact in future traditional rural working building conversion projects.
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Cash, Carol Scott. "Building condition and student achievement and behavior /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143026/.
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Cravo, Julio Cesar Machado. "Compósito particulado de baixa densidade com casca de amendoim, fibra de coco verde e resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona para aplicação como forro de galpões avícolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-19042013-092507/.
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O presente trabalho considerou o potencial de utilização de resíduos da agroindústria como a casca de amendoim e fibra de coco verde com o intuito de agregar valor a este material, por meio da fabricação de compósito particulado de baixa densidade para uso como forro de galpões avícolas. Para a confecção do compósito foi utilizado à casca de amendoim, fibra de coco verde e resina poliuretana bi-componente à base de óleo de mamona. O material foi avaliado por meio de ensaios físico-mecânicos: a) densidade, b) inchamento, c) absorção, d) módulo de ruptura, e) módulo de elasticidade e f) adesão interna; durabilidade: a) envelhecimento natural e b) envelhecimento acelerado; térmicos: a) condutividade térmica; b) fator de ganho de calor solar. Considerando os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa, conclui-se que o compósito apresentou propriedades físico-mecânicas compatíveis com as necessidades de uso do material. Os ensaios de durabilidade demonstraram que as propriedades mecânicas do compósito são reduzidas após aplicação de ciclos de umidade e temperatura, no entanto, essa avaliação foi rigorosa e não representa as condições reais de exposição do compósito, em uso como forro de galpões avícolas. O contato prolongado com fontes de umidade acarretou o desenvolvimento de fungos no material, evidenciando a necessidade de aplicação de produto impermeabilizante na superfície do material, para reduzir a absorção de água. Pelo ensaio de condutividade térmica foi possível determinar o fator de ganho de calor solar o qual demonstrou que quando o compósito é aplicado como forro, ocorre uma redução significativa da transferência de radiação solar para o interior do aviário, comprovando o potencial do material para esse uso.This study considered the potential use of agro waste like peanut hulls and coconut fiber in order to add value to this material through the manufacturing of composite particles of low-density liner for use as poultry houses. To make the composite was used for peanut shell, coconut fiber and bi-component polyurethane resin-based castor oil. The material was evaluated by physical-mechanical tests: a) density, b) swelling, c) absorbing, d) modulus of rupture, e) elastic modulus and f) internal adhesion, durability: a) natural aging b) Accelerated aging ; thermal: a) thermal conductivity b) factor of solar heat gain. Considering the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the composite possess physical and mechanical properties compatible with the needs of use of the material. Durability testing showed that the mechanical properties of the composite are reduced after application of cycles of humidity and temperature, however, the evaluation was rigorous and does not represent the actual conditions of exposure of the composite in lining use as poultry houses. Prolonged contact with sources of moisture caused fungal growth in the material, indicating the need for application of sealer to the surface of the material, to reduce water absorption. For the thermal conductivity test was possible to determine the factor of solar heat gain which demonstrated that when the composite is applied as a lining, there is a significant reduction in the transfer of solar radiation into the poultry, demonstrating the potential of this material for use.
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Lourenço, Sónia Cristina Valdeira. "A interface rural-urbano e os incêndios florestais em duas paisagens contrastantes de Portugal." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8206.
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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe Portuguese forest service’s fire management policy has been substantially overhauled in the last few years, and a new emphasis has been put on the wildland-urban interface (WUI). When forest fires break out more frequently next to homes and urban settlements, and become increasingly more dangerous, this constitutes a worrying and important topic, not only in Portugal, but in all Mediterranean countries. The present study consists of mapping, the regulations defined by Decree n. 17/2009, from January 14th, to a map, with detailed representation of secondary networks for fuel-breaks (fuel build-up control) in two contrasting landscapes. The goals of this study were: (i) to transpose the legislation into cartography; (ii) to estimate costs of the creation of the secondary network, based on a very simple assumption of the type of operation to be carried out, (iii) to identify local and regional differences and (iv) to identify local and regional differences and (iv) to compare our mapping with that performed under a Municipal Plan For Forest Protection Against Wildfires. The development of the study took place in two areas, located to the North and Center of Portugal. The results show that the legislation is sufficiently clear to allow for the representation, on a map, of secondary network lanes, in all their representations. They also show that the dimensions of the secondary network, the estimate of costs for the creation of said secondary network and the interventional priority differ, according to the type and landscape
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Patterson, Tiffany Joy. "The little red schoolhouse : a catalog of extant one-teacher schoolhouses in East Central Indiana." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1101586.
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This creative project encompasses two major parts: an historic context study, and a survey of extant one-room or one-teacher schools in a four county region of East Central Indiana. The historic context study looks into the early school laws in Indiana that promoted, and established a state-wide system of free public education. More specifically, the history focuses on the laws and social factors that led to the rise and fall of the one-room or one-teacher school as the primary source of education for Indiana children. The history of the rise and fall of the one-room schoolhouse in Indiana can be divided into three major eras: the pioneer period between 1787 and 1851; the golden era of one-room schoolhouse education from 1851 to 1907; and, the final demise of the one-teacher school as an institution as consolidation of schools became popular.The purpose of the first half of the project is to create a context for the remaining one-room schoolhouses listed in the inventory that makes up the second half of the creative project. The pictorial inventory lists and provides basic historical information on extant one-room and one-teacher schoolhouses in the Indiana counties of Delaware, Grant, Henry, and Jay. Currently there are approximately 78 one-room schoolhouses still in standing in the four counties. This number is a small percentage of the well over 400 one-room and one-teacher schoolhouses that dotted the four counties at the turn-of-the-century.These two parts together create a document that promotes awareness of a disappearing rural resource. The project also provides a stepping stone for future research into the history of education in Indiana, and the specific rural schools which helped to build the Indiana school system.Department of Architecture
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陳敬諾 and King-lok Chan. "A neglected heritage typology in the New Territories: the Western-Chinese eclectic style rural buildings of theearly 20th century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42188982.
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Jarvis, Robert K. "Talking about special places : a covert participant observation study of the communication of environmental quality in local authority planning and control of historic buildings and conservation areas 1974-1986." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386264.
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Hunt, Rachel. "Huts, bothies and buildings out-of-doors : an exploration of the practice, heritage and culture of 'out-dwellings' in rural Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8057/.
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This project provides an insight into the culture and practice of what has been termed ‘out-dwelling’, a cumulative term for huts and bothies. In doing so it draws attention to Scottish rural leisure and seeks to explore the materialities, experiences and practices of the ‘out-dwelling’ scene. As such, it focuses upon both the buildings and their users, speaking to the intimate geographies of this culture, as well as to its broader cultural significance. Part of this task involves an exploration of landscape, and of the means by which out-dwellings facilitate an engagement with physical surrounds beyond their built form. Just as this thesis seeks to situate the intimate interior of being in buildings, it also displays the ‘out-dwelling’ world through a broader lens, viewing these buildings and their users as part of a broader cultural movement, informed by the social history of land-use and ownership in rural Scotland. Inspired by an interest in hutting as a political act, this thesis also explores the critical edge to this potentially radical culture and situates ‘out-dwelling’ within a broader international hutting history. In doing so, this thesis enables a fuller understanding of the past, present and, to a certain extent, the future of such practice within rural Scotland.
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Cash, Carol S. "Building condition and student achievement and behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29200.
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This study examined the relationship between the condition of school facilities and student achievement and student behavior. The entire population of small, rural high schools in Virginia was used in this study. Building condition was determined by the Commonwealth Assessment of Physical Environment which was completed by personnel in the divisions of the forty-seven schools in the population. Student achievement was determined by the scale scores of the Test of Academic Proficiency for grade eleven during the 1991-1992 school year. Student behavior was determined by the ratio of the number of expulsions, suspensions, and violence/substance abuse incidents to the number of students in each school. All achievement scores were adjusted for socioeconomic status by using the free and reduced lunch numbers for each school. These variables were investigated using analysis of covariance, correlations, and regression analysis.
This study found the student achievement scores were higher in schools with better building conditions. Student discipline incidents were also higher in schools with better building condition. Science achievement scores were better in buildings with better science laboratory conditions. Cosmetic building condition appeared to impact student achievement and student behavior more than structural building condition. Finally, varying climate control,
locker, and graffiti conditions were factors which were positively related to student achievement scale scores.Ed. D.
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Dooley, Anthony Jason. "Redefining the Community Hospital: a Small Town Approach to Medical Planning and Design." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04012007-181350/.
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Alves, Michelle Aparecida Nicola. "Caracteristicas geotecnicas de estradas não-pavimentadas no municipio de Bauru/SP." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258205.
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Orientador: Claudio Vidrih FerreiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A malha viária, representada pelas rodovias e estradas não-pavimentadas, é de vital importância para uma nação. As estradas rurais não-pavimentadas são de grande importância no âmbito social e econômico do país, pois são responsáveis pelo acesso da população rural aos serviços urbanos, além de escoar grande parte da produção agrícola. Sem uma adequada manutenção, o processo de deterioração provoca imensuráveis prejuízos, aumentando os custos operacionais dos veículos, promovendo significativo acréscimo no número de incidentes e prejudicando o desenvolvimento da região por ela servida. Porém, registros existentes indicam que grande parte dessas estradas se encontra em estado precário, necessitando de serviços de manutenção. Neste trabalho, efetuou-se a caracterização geotécnica de três das principais estradas rurais do município de Bauru, seguida de um estudo das principais patologias ocorrentes, com indicação das falhas e possíveis correções, que permitirão ao poder público ações mais eficientes no sentido de promover as imprescindíveis manutenções. Os resultados permitiram avaliar que o solo de Bauru apresenta, em maior escala, areiões, pela falta de ligante em sua composição granulométrica e pelo transporte de partículas advindas de locais mais altos. A falta de sistema de drenagem favorece o aparecimento de atoleiros. A mistura com solo argiloso foi proposta como sugestão de correção.
Abstract: The road net, represented by the highways and unpaved roads, has a vital importance for a nation. The rural and unpaved roads have great importance in the social and economic scope of the country; therefore they are responsible for the access of the agricultural population to the urban services, beyond draining great part of the agricultural production. Without an adjusted maintenance, the deterioration process causes immeasurable damages, increasing the operational costs of the vehicles, promoting significant addition in the number of incidents and harming the development of the region served by it. However, existing registers indicate that a big part of these roads are in precarious state, needing maintenance services. In this work it was intended to effect the characterization of the three main rural roads of the city of Bauru, followed of a study of the main occurring pathologies, indicating the imperfections and possible corrections that will allow to the public power more efficient actions in the direction to promote the essential maintenances. The results allowed evaluating the ground of Bauru presents, in bigger scale, sands, for the lack of linkage in its composition and for the transport of particles resulted from higher places. The lack of drainage system favors the appearance of mires. The mixture with clay soil was proposed as a suggested remedy.
Mestrado
Geotecnia
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Gumbi, Daphne. "The management of physical resources by principals in the rural secondary schools of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/911.
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This research study examined whether the physical resources in rural secondary schools are adequate and are managed properly by the school principals, for quality education to be achieved in the Eastern Cape Province. The dramatic changes in South Africa recognized that the future depends on an education system which develops the full potential of all learners. Although the Constitution of South Africa is advocating for equal education for all, there are disparities which are evident in the quality of the infrastructure, especially in remote rural areas where the fundamental requirements for effective education are lacking such as, water, electricity, sanitation and basic educational equipment. This shows that, although policy and legislative frameworks for transforming the education system have been put in place, managing the change is still a key challenge especially that of physical resources. Management of physical resources illustrates the problems facing principals by pointing to the lack of basic facilities in many rural secondary schools. In terms of the provision and management, many challenges remain, like most schools do not have adequate physical facilities. School buildings such as classrooms are inadequate or unsafe with no toilets, libraries, laboratories and many learners and teachers do not have learner teaching support materials (LTSMs). On the other hand, in terms of the Constitution, the Department of Education is responsible for bringing redress, equality and to upholding the Constitutional values such as shared decision-making, transparency, shared accountability and empowerment for equal partnership with other stakeholders. The physical resource management is one of the major responsibilities of principals. Their leadership is largely about ensuring that a clear and shared sense of direction is developed for both leadership and management. The school viii system meant that schools have moved nearer to the communities they serve and this has led to schools being more accountable to their communities. This study further investigated whether there is a significant correlation between the management of physical resources and quality education as well as the eradication of poverty in the rural secondary schools of the ECP. The proper execution of the management tasks of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (POLC) by the principals have contributed extensively to the success of the schools. Therefore, this will mean that the act of managing physical resources through POLC and the process of working with or through SGBs, teachers, parents, learners, EDOs and the community at large to achieve set goals of education of relevance, excellence and quality education by effectively and efficiently using the physical resources in a school climate and environment that is collegial. The study showed that there is a link between management tasks (POLC) and collegial style of leadership in the school. The literature reviewed supported the view that the invitational style of leadership and collegiality increase the potential of a school to manage its physical resources economically, efficiently and effectively, particularly in a climate where the resource handlers take ownership of the school especially in remote rural settings. The 255 out of 300 subjects (85%) chosen to participate in this study were selected on the basis of their accessibility. Convenience sampling was used to conduct the study as this ensured that the population represented stakeholders that manage physical resources at schools, such as deputy principals, head of departments and teachers. Questionnaires were distributed, completed and collected personally. The questionnaires were analyzed and gaps such as the effects of lack of physical resources and how the learners’ profile were affected were reinforced by individual and group interviews that were semi-structured as ix well as participant observations from principals at O.R Tambo, Chris Hani and Amathole District Municipalities were conducted. It was deduced from the statistical data presented that there is a significant correlation between the principals’ management tasks and the quality of education. This shows that the more the principals blend properly planning, organizing, leading and control management tasks the more the physical resources will be managed better, that is, effectively, efficiently, economically and transparently and the less the bringing together of management tasks the less the meaningful management of physical resources will be. The study supported the hypothesis that a combination of management tasks performed by the principals positively influences the proper management of physical resources in rural secondary schools of ECP. The study rejects both null hypotheses that there is no significant correlation between planning, organising, leading and controlling as leadership functions of PRs and the quality of education in rural secondary schools of ECP as well as, that principals of rural secondary schools are not expected to possess adequate leadership knowledge and skills to effectively manage available PRs in their rural secondary schools. This study affirms the view that adequate physical resources are crucial as well as the appropriate management skills of principals for high quality education to be achieved in rural secondary schools. Without adequate physical resources, proper handling of the limited physical resources and the possession of management skills by principals, rural schools are less likely to succeed in their efforts to improve education.
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Cheung, Wai-chuen. "Application of the Prince's idea : conservation of Kam Tin /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781315.
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Grguric, Nicolas Grguric, and eqeta@yahoo com au. "Fortified Homesteads: The Architecture of Fear in Frontier South Australia and the Northern Territory, ca 1847-1885." Flinders University. Humanities, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080225.161715.
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This thesis is an investigation into the use of defensive architectural techniques by
civilian settlers in frontier South Australia and the Northern Territory between 1847 and
1885. By focussing specifically on the civilian use of defensive architecture, this study
opens a new approach to the archaeological investigation and interpretation of Australian
rural buildings, an approach that identifies defensive strategies as a feature of Australian
frontier architecture.
Four sites are analysed in this study area, three of which are located in South Australia
and one in the Northern Territory. When first built, the structures investigated were not
intended, or expected, to become what they did - their construction was simply the
physical expression of the fear felt by some of the colonial settlers of Australia. Over
time, however, the stories attached to these structures have come to play a significant part
in Australias frontier mythology.
These structures represent physical manifestations of settler fear and Aboriginal
resistance. Essentially fortified homesteads, they comprise a body of material evidence
previously overlooked and unacknowledged in Australian archaeology, yet they are
highly significant in terms of what they can tell us about frontier conflict, in relation to
the mindsets and experiences of the settlers who built them. This architecture also
constitutes material evidence of a vanguard of Australian colonisation (or invasion) being
carried out, not by the military or police, but by civilian settlers.
v
Apart from this, these structures play a part in the popular mythology of Australias
colonial past. All of these structures have a myth associated with them, describing them
as having been built for defence against Aboriginal attack. These myths are analysed in
terms of why they came into existence, why they have survived, and what role they play
in the construction of Australias national identity. Drawn from, and substantiated
through, the material evidence of the homesteads, these myths are one component of a
wider body of myths which serve the ideological needs of the settler society through
justifying its presence by portraying the settlers as victims of Aboriginal aggression.
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David, Eduardo. "Modificações no sitema de iluminação artificial no cultivo de mudas de crisântemos e begônias em ambiente protegido." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256886.
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Orientador: Luiz Antonio RossiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: O tipo de iluminação artificial utilizada para indução do efeito de fotoperíodo na produção de mudas de crisântemos e begônias em ambiente protegido tem fundamental importância no crescimento e desenvolvimento destas plantas refletindo diretamente no consumo de energia elétrica utilizada neste processo de produção. As lâmpadas de filamento são o tipo de iluminação artificial mais utilizado pelos produtores na produção destas variedades de ornamentais, e que conhecidamente possui baixa eficiência. Estudos preliminares recentes, utilizando diferentes tipos de lâmpadas do tipo descarga na produção de mudas de crisântemos, indicam uma redução significativa no consumo de energia elétrica utilizada no processo, sem prejuízos para o desenvolvimento do vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi a aplicação de tecnologias de iluminação de descarga (lâmpadas Fluorescentes Tubulares e lâmpadas Fluorescentes Compacta Integradas) e diferentes regimes de acionamento deste sistema de iluminação no cultivo de crisântemos e begônias em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi efetuado em casa de vegetação comercial com três variedades de Begônias elatior (Borias, Barkos e Baladin) e quatro variedades de Chrysanthemum sp (Abba, Rage, Sahara Time e Omega Time Golde) durante um ciclo de produção. O parâmetro produtivo utilizado para comparação entre as variedades cultivadas foi a indução floral. As variáveis elétricas (consumo, demanda e fator de potência) foram os parâmetros de avaliação entre as diferentes tecnologias de iluminação e tipos de lâmpadas analisadas. Para as culturas de begônias e crisântemos, não houve alterações no critério de presença de botão floral com a mudança do regime de acionamento e do tipo de lâmpada. Os resultados das análises indicam que a lâmpada de descarga Fluorescente Tubular de 32 W foi a que apresentou a menor demanda máxima e uma redução média de consumo de 85,01% de energia para a cultura de begônias e de 85,32% para a cultura de crisântemos, em relação à tecnologia de maior consumo, a lâmpada de filamento Incandescente de 100 W, que é a atualmente utilizada pelo produtor
Abstract: The type of artificial illumination used for induction of photoperiod effect in the production of chrysanthemums and begonias seedlings in protected environment, has fundamental importance in the growth and development of these plants reflecting directly in the consumption of electric energy used in this process of production. The bulb filament are the type of artificial illumination more used by the producers in the production of these ornamental varieties, and that is known by its low efficiency. Recent preliminary studies, using different types of discharge-type lamps in the production of chrysanthemum seedlings indicate a significant reduction in the consumption of electric energy used in the process, without interfering in the development of the plant. The objective of this research was the application of lighting discharge technologies (fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps) and different regimes drive of this lighting system in the cultivation of chrysanthemums and begonias in protected environment. This work was done at a green house with three commercial varieties of Begonias elatior (Borias, Barker and Baladin) and four varieties of Chrysanthemum sp (Abba Rage, Sahara Teams and Omega Golde Teams) during a production cycle. The parameter used for comparison between the cultivated varieties was the presence of floral bud. The electrical variables (consumption, demand and power factor) were the parameters of evaluating of the different technologies of lighting and lamp types analyzed. For the culture of begonias and chrysanthemum, it did not have alterations in the criterion of presence of floral bud with the change of the regime and the lamp type. The results of the analyses indicates that the Fluorescent Tubular discharge lamp of 32 W was the one with the lower peak demand and lower average consumption of energy of 85,01% for the culture of begonias and 85,32% for the culture of chrysanthemum, in relation to the technology of bigger consumption, the Incandescent lamp filament of 100W, that is currently used by the producer
Doutorado
Construções Rurais e Ambiencia
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Cravo, Julio Cesar Machado. "Painéis de partículas de saco de cimento e embalagem longa vida aplicados como forro em protótipos de aviários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-03052016-100426/.
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No presente trabalho, considerou o estudo do potencial de utilização de sacos de cimento e embalagens de longa vida com o intuito de agregar valor a esses resíduos, mediante a fabricação de painéis de partículas para uso como forro em protótipos de galpões avícolas. Para fabricação desse material foi utilizado sacos de cimento descartados nas obras civis, embalagens longa vida residuais e resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona. O estudo foi dividido em quatro etapas: 1) Caracterização da matéria-prima (sacos de cimento); 2) Efeito da densidade e teor de resina nas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e térmicas de painéis de partículas de saco de cimento; 3) Avaliação do desempenho de embalagens longa vida e verniz como revestimentos dos painéis selecionados na etapa anterior; 4) Determinação do desempenho térmico de protótipos de aviários executados em escala reduzida e distorcida com forro de painel de saco de cimento e embalagem longa vida. Os resultados obtidos indicaram: Em razão do painel com 0,6 g.cm-3 e 12% de resina ter apresentado melhor desempenho nas propriedades investigadas, essa combinação foi selecionada para avaliar o desempenho do material (físicas, mecânicas e térmicas) quando revestido com embalagens longa vida, adotando a testemunha e o verniz como um revestimento comparativo. Dentre os revestimentos avaliados, os painéis com embalagens de longa vida, foram superiores aos revestidos com verniz, quando comparados as suas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e térmicas. Dessa maneira, painéis com 0,6 g.cm-3 e 12% de resina revestidos embalagens longa vida, foram testados como forro quanto ao desempenho térmico (primavera, verão, outono e inverno) em protótipos em escala reduzida e distorcida, mediante a determinação de índices de conforto térmico (Entalpia e IAPfc) para aves de corte. A associação do forro sob o protótipo permitiu reduzir a temperatura interna do ar e dos índices de conforto térmico na primavera, verão e outono, enquanto que no inverno não foi constatado eficácia do material. Dentre as estações estudadas, o verão e a primavera, demonstraram serem as épocas mais críticas para criação de aves corte em instalações avícolas que apresentem características semelhantes aos protótipos experimentais.In this study, the study of the potential use of cement bags and long-life packaging is considered in order to add value to this waste, by manufacturing particleboards as insulating panels in poultry house facilities. For the production of this material cement bags discarded in civil works, long-life packaging discarded by consumers and two-component polyurethane resin based on castor oil base were used. The study was structured in four steps: 1) Characterization of the raw material (cement bags), 2) Effect of the density and the level of resin on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of cement particles bag panels, 3) Evaluation of long-life packaging and varnish as a coating of selected panels in precedent step and 4) Evaluation of thermal performance of poultry prototypes in reduced and distorted scale with the long-life packaging as a coating material. The cement bags were disintegrated and transformed into particles with the 8% of moisture content. Subsequently, these particles were mixed with bicomponent polyurethane based on castor oil resin and taken into a planetary mixer (MT120) in order to homogenize the mixture of the particles with the resin. Panels were made for three different densities (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 g.cm-3) with two resin levels (12 and 15%) and their physical, mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Because the panel with 0.6 g.cm-3 and 12% resin have shown a better performance in the investigated properties, this combination has been selected to evaluate the performance of the material (physical, mechanical and thermal) when coated with long-life packaging, adopting the control and the varnish as a comparative coating. Among the evaluated coatings, panels with long-life packaging, presented higher performance than those coated with varnish regarding their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, the combination of 0.6 g.cm-3 and 12% resin coated long-life packages were tested as lining according the thermal performance (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in prototypes and small-distorted scale by determining thermal comfort indices (Enthalpy and IAPfc) for broilers. The association of lining under the prototype reduced indoor air temperature and thermal comfort indices in spring, summer and autumn, while during the winter no effectiveness of the material was observed. Among the studied seasons, the spring and summer, proved to be the most critical time for cut birds breeding in poultry houses that have characteristics similar to experimental prototypes.
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Huser, William A. "Archaeology and socioeconomic evaluation of the William Conner House Site (12H608) : a 19th century rural residence in Hamilton County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845925.
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The purpose of this study was to question the frequent use of field dependenceindependence (FDI) measures in past cross-cultural learning styles research, to illustrate generalizations this research has made about minority groups, and to examine applications of cross-cultural learning styles studies to composition. In the Part I of the study, 101 undergraduates (37 African-American, 47 Anglo-American, and 17 Hispanic) completed Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) (designed to measure FDI) and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) (an instrument never used in cross-cultural learning styles research). An ANOVA determined a significant difference among mean GEFT scores for ethnicity and gender, results consistent with past research. Results of the LSI, which introduced a new definition of learning styles, however, produced no significant differences among cultural groups. In Part II of this study, six students (one female and one male from each cultural group) volunteered for case studies. The test results and case studies illustrate that past FDI studies have made inaccurate generalizations of minority groups and have ignored individual differences within cultural groups. Further use of Kolb's LSI in future research and in teaching composition is explored.Department of Anthropology
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Scariato, Juliana Binotti Pereira 1971. "Caracterização da paisagem cultural da região de Limeira (SP) com base no reconhecimento e valorização do seu patrimonio de engenharia e arquitetura rural." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257847.
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Orientador: Andre Munhoz de Argollo FerrãoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar, através de suas paisagens culturais, a arquitetura característica das propriedades rurais de sete fazendas históricas na região de Limeira, formadas a partir do século XIX, localizadas atualmente em quatro municípios, Limeira, Cordeirópolis, Iracemápolis e Santa Gertrudes, pertencentes à Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Piracicaba, Jundiaí e Capivari. Estas fazendas formam o conjunto de "Fazendas Históricas" do programa turístico da Prefeitura Municipal de Limeira. Para reconhecimento do território pesquisado utiliza-se o Método de Pesquisa Orientada a Processos (Método POP), proposto por Argollo Ferrão (2004), baseado na visão de processos, para compreensão da ocupação territorial destas fazendas. Para a análise destas propriedades, utiliza-se tabelas, mapas, fotos e levantamentos de campo, que permitem identificar a arquitetura rural no processo de desenvolvimento agrícola. Esta caracterização "arquitetônicaruralista" contribui para o reconhecimento da região como área destinada à preservação de "paisagens culturais". Com base em estudo realizado para conhecimento da arquitetura remanescente de cada fazenda, realiza-se uma avaliação sobre a ordenação e ocupação deste território rural, facilitando a apreensão dos componentes existentes nos espaços das fazendas, hoje explorados pelo turismo ecológico
Abstract: This research has for objective to identify, through its cultural landscapes, the characteristic architecture of the country properties of seven historical farms in the region of Limeira, formed from century XIX, located currently in four cities, Limeira, Cordeirópolis, Iracemápolis and Santa Gertrudes, pertaining to the Hidrográfica Basin of Rios Piracicaba, Jundiaí and Capivari. These farms form the set of "Historical Farms" of the tourist program of the Municipal City hall of Limeira. For recognition of the searched territory the Method of Guided Research is used the Processes (Method POP), considered for Argollo Sting (2004), based in the vision of processes, for understanding of the territorial occupation of these farms. For the analysis of these properties, one uses tables, maps, photos and surveys of field, that allow to identify the agricultural architecture in the process of agricultural development. This characterization "architectural-ruralista" contributes for the recognition of the region as area destined to the preservation of "cultural landscapes". On the basis of study carried through for knowledge of the remaining architecture of each farm, one becomes fullfilled an evaluation on the ordinance and occupation of this agricultural territory, facilitating the apprehension of the existing components in the spaces of the farms, today explored for the ecological tourism
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Rocha, Alexandre Luiz. "Fazenda Santa Gertrudes: modelo de produção cafeeira no oeste paulista. 1895-1930: contribuição de Eduardo Prates à definição de novos parâmetros produtivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-23082010-083624/.
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Trata este trabalho, inicialmente, da trajetória da cultura do café, pelos campos do Brasil, vindo do Rio de Janeiro até chegar aos campos do oeste paulista. Procura-se entender a origem do conhecimento que determinou as transformações e adaptações de instalações produtivas. Já em terras paulistas, busca-se resgatar a contribuição de Eduardo da Silva Prates, Conde de Prates, a uma maior racionalização na produção e no beneficiamento do café, através da documentação preservada em arquivo público. Hipóteses de colaboradores na sua propriedade, a Fazenda Santa Gertrudes, foram verificadas e outros nomes surgiram da pesquisa, complementada com a iconografia da propriedade.This thesis, initially, goes into the course taken by the cultivation of coffee in Brazil, since it started at Rio de Janeiro until it reached the western plains of the State of São Paulo. The aim is to understand the origins of the know-how that governed the transformations and adaptations of coffee plantations. Once settled in São Paulo land, the aim is to rekindle the invaluable contribution rendered by Eduardo da Silva Prates, Conde de Prates, towards a greater rationalization of coffee processing and production through the analysis of preserved documentation held in public archives. Hypothesis concerning possible contributors to the development of his property, The Santa Gertrudes Farm, were examined and other names were revealed by the research which is supplemented with the iconography of the property.
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Huitorel, Guillaume. "L’instrumentum fundi : l’équipement des activités domaniales des établissements ruraux du nord de la Gaule (Ier-IVe ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100121.
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Le développement de l’archéologie agraire et de l’exploration des parties économiques des établissements ruraux de Gaule romaine permet aujourd’hui de proposer une synthèse sur l’instrumentum fundi ; l’équipement des domaines.À partir de 140 sites archéologiques fouillés dans le nord de la Gaule, 1600 équipements mobiliers (outils) et immobiliers (infrastructure et bâtiments) ont été inventoriés.L’identification récurrente de greniers, granges ou encore sonnailles, faucilles et faux offre l’image d’une économie d’abord tournée vers les activités agropastorales. Toutefois, les activités qualifiées généralement d’artisanales sont également bien présentes à travers des équipements comme les fours de tuiliers, les marteaux, les ciseaux, etc. Ces activités participent à l’entretien et au fonctionnement du domaine mais dépasse parfois ce cadre, pour envisager alors de véritables productions.L’étude de certains équipements tel que les fosses à fumier, les moulins hydrauliques ou encore le vallus permet de démontrer un investissement des domaines dans des installations et des outils performants que l’on peut dans certains cas qualifier d’innovations. Ces observations permettent de s’éloigner un peu plus de certains poncifs parfois encore en vigueur concernant une économie autarcique et stagnante, freinée par un certain retard technique et par l’esclavage.L’identification et la caractérisation des équipements renvoient à l’inverse l’image d’une économie plus ouverte, associant des acteurs différents mais qui emploient à leur échelle des infrastructures et outils efficacesThe development of agrarian archaeology and the exploration of the economic parts of the rural settlements in Roman Gaul allows today to propose a synthesis on the instrumentum fundi ; the equipment of agricutltural field.From 140 archeological sites of Roman Gaul, 1600 tools and economic buildings were inventoried.The recurring identification of granaries, barns or cowbells, sickles and hammer offers the image of an economy at first turned to the agropastorales activities. However, the craft activities are also present through equipments as tile makers' ovens, hammers, scissors, etc. These activities participate in the maintenance and in the functioning of the domain but sometimes exceed this frame, to envisage a real economic productions.The study of equipments such as manure pits, water mills or the vallus allows to demonstrate an investment of domains in installations and successful tools which we can qualify in certain cases as innovations. These observations allow to go away a little more certain pouncing patterns still current concerning an autarkic and stagnant economy, slowed down by a certain technical delay and by a slavery.The identification and the characterization of equipments send back on the contrary the image of a more open economy, associating different actors who use on their scale of infrastructures and effective tools
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Mourato, Helena Cristina Peixe. "Salvaguarda da imagem urbana de natureza histórica de Évora-a Praça do Giraldo." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade de Évora, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29311.
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Niazi, Zeenat. "Understanding rural building systems in India." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22546.
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Building practices in rural areas have developed in response to a variety of interrelated factors like climate, local physiography and socio-cultural traditions. The rural house is as much an agrarian product as the crops and livestock depending on a balanced eco-system. It is characterised by a dependence on the immediate natural environment for materials, high labour and low energy inputs in construction. Unfortunately, depletion of natural resources, changes in resource management structures and rapid monetisation of the rural economy have had abrupt and often detrimental effects on the condition of rural shelter.This research attempts to understand the characteristics of rural building systems in order to identify the nature of interventions required to facilitate the process of shelter upgrading. From a study of six villages in Jhansi district of Bundelkand region, the study demonstrates that indigenous building practices and delivery processes can form effective links in the process mentioned. Local building materials, techniques of construction, service transaction, and methods of skill and information transfer are studied to analyse the factors which influence appropriation of available options by users.
This study indicates that effective and sustainable interventions in resources, technologies and delivery processes in rural India will need to utilise the potential offered by the 'network nature' of rural building systems. Any new or improved systems of construction will have to be supplemented by increasing users' access to them and will need to pass through the tests of: (1) Enlarging the range of available options, (2) Augmenting (at least not limiting) the variety and flexibility in delivery options and, (3) Increasing the level of local control in construction and management.
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Neokorides, Peter Alexander. "Thinking through making : the rural building workshop." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19080.
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This thesis is about the link between thinking and making, and how designing and physically building or prototyping what is designed (or parts there of) aids in the generation of ideas, and has a potential for architectural education. The ideas that have transpired through the course of the year from building models and doing research for my theory and technology papers has led me in the direction of developing components and techniques for construction made from easily sourced tools and materials - ones from local industry and the landscape - that give rise to a tectonic expression as well as allows for an adaptable type of architecture. The methodology informing the design has therefore developed from the bottom up through the use of these components, as well as from the top down by means of a structural concept. The first part of the paper looks at the theory of making which deals with aspects of making in current society that I find relevant to this thesis. Part two and three of this paper is comprised of reciprocal components. Part two deals with the theory of structure and how my findings have helped guide the process of making, and have led to an appropriate structural system for my concept of a 'growing' or adaptable building. The third part of this paper describes the models I have built this year to illustrate the concept of 'techne', or the process of creation that is guided by the thing made, in order to demonstrate the qualities that materials possess, as well as how the act of making can be a design generator. It also describes how the initial stage of building models has led to the exploration of structural systems and components, and how models relating to the programme and site have been able to start informing the form of a building. The fourth and final part of this paper looks at the programme, site, and materiality of the 'Rural Building Workshop'.
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Mattsson, Jenny. "Study of Rural Housing in Mamba District Kilimanjaro, Tanzania." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11504.
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As one of the poorest countries in the world, Tanzania faces various kinds of problems. The housing situation is poor in the whole country, especially in rural areas where the main part of the population lives in mud houses.
The report is focused on modern houses and is aimed at finding sustainable low cost solutions to be used as alternatives for existing techniques.
The report is based on a field study in the Mamba district, Tanzania during 8 weeks in 2009.
The traditional mud houses are poor and do not live up to a decent standard of living. The living conditions are extremely primitive in these houses and pose a health risk to the occupants. Modern houses provide a better standard of living and are good investments for future generations. The building design and technology can be rationalised and improved and building costs can be reduced through alternative methods.
There are several ways in which building costs can be reduced. Focus should be on using local materials to minimise expensive transport costs. Cement is the single most expensive building material and should be replaced by other materials where possible. However, it is important that sustainability of the construction is not impaired. In the long term, it is better to invest in proper sustainable building structures even if the costs will increase.
This study has resulted in sustainable low cost alternatives to the current building technology that the local builders can benefit from. Tradition is strong in Tanzania and changes may take long to implement. The alterations suggested and discussed in this report can be considered as a good basis for development of the current building design and technology in the Mamba district.
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Ottosson, Johan, and Kevin Mård. "Strandnära bebyggelse : En kartläggande studie av faktorer som påverkar den strandnära bebyggelsen i Sveriges kommuner och regioner år 2018." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84881.
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Debatten om strandskydd har varit ett aktuellt ämne sedan riksdagen antog den första permanenta strandlagen år 1953. Sveriges 290 kommuner och 21 regioner innehar varierande geografiska förutsättningar och ställs inför olika utmaningar. Landsbygdens krympande utveckling gav upphov till framväxten av LIS men har framväxten av LIS bidragit till en ökad strandnära bebyggelse? Utbytet mellan stad och land är idag mer intensivt än tidigare. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar utvecklingen av strandnära bebyggelse och skapa förståelse varför det byggs fler strandnära byggnader på olika geografiska platser. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att kartlägga den strandnära bebyggelsen i Sveriges samtliga 290 kommuner och 21 regioner för år 2018. Syftet har resulterat i följande frågeställningar: Hur ser utbredningen av strandnära bebyggelse ut i Sveriges kommuner och regioner och var är strandnära bebyggelse mest koncentrerat? Vilka faktorer påverkar strandnära bebyggelse? Har utpekandet av LIS-områden bidragit till mer strandnära bebyggelse? För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en totalundersökning med den kvantitativa metoden sekundäranalys av offentlig statistik. Studiens kartläggning av strandnära bebyggelse år 2018 visade att det byggdes mest i städer och i anslutning till städer med pendlingsavstånd. Om hänsyn till demografin och befolkningsmängden beaktades visade studien att det byggdes mest på landsbygden. Studien visade att faktorerna geografisk komposition, antal sjöar och antal kilometer strandlinje påverkar hur mycket det byggs i strandnära läge medan faktorn politisk styre inte hade någon påverkan. Vidare visade studien att kommuner med utpekade LIS-områden inte har påverkat eller bidragit till en ökad strandnära bebyggelse i jämförelse med kommuner som inte har utpekade LIS-områden.The debate on shoreline protection has been a topical issue since the Swedish Parliament adopted the first permanent law of shoreline protection in 1953. Sweden's 290 municipalities and 21 regions have varying geographical conditions and are faced with various challenges.The shrinking development of rural areas gave rise to the growth of LIS, but does the emergence of LIS contribute to an increase in beach development? The exchange between city and countryside is more intense today than before. The essay aims to investigate which factors affect beachfront development and create an understanding of why more beachfront buildings are being built in different geographical locations. Furthermore, the essay aims to analyze the beachfront development in all of Sweden's 290 municipalities and 21 regions for 2018. The purpose has resulted in the following issues: How does the distribution of beachfront buildings look like in Sweden's municipalities and regions, and where is beachfront development most concentrated? What factors affect beachfront development? Has the designation of LIS-areas contributed to more beachfront development? To answer the following issues, a comprehensive survey was conducted by using the quantitative method secondary analysis of official statistics. The study's survey of beachfront development in 2018 showed that it was built mostly in cities and connected to cities with commuting distances. If the demographic and population is taken into consideration, the study showed that it was built mostly in the countryside. The study showed that the factors geographical composition, number of lakes, and number of kilometers of shoreline affect the number of buildings close to the beach, while the factor political governance did not affect. Furthermore, the study showed that municipalities with designated LIS-areas have not affected or contributed to increased beachfront development, in comparison with municipalities that do not have designated LIS-areas.
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Stanley, Lois A. 1961. "Community asset building in rural development : an analysis of military-base redevelopment in rural host communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8518.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).
This dissertation is about opportunities in rural development. Often we think of development as a function of location. In the pursuit of economic development, analysts and practitioners tend to consider the advantages--economic, geographic, and institutional--of one location over another. Rural areas often weigh in toward the bottom of such analyses because they enjoy few of the traditional, i.e., location-dependent, resources for development. The general question underlying this dissertation is: How do rural communities find opportunities for economic development without the traditional resources to serve as stimuli? Local responses to air force bases closures during the 1990s are examined, first, through a comparative analysis between the groups of six rural and 26 metropolitan host communities of closed bases and, second, through case studies of four host communities--three rural and one metropolitan. Principle findings included:
(cont.) *Surprisingly, the rural host communities achieved success in base redevelopment comparable to metropolitan host communities despite significant economic, geographic, and institutional gaps between the two groups in the study. *Residents mobilized in response to base-closure crises in every community. Through participation in base reuse planning activities, residents grew knowledgeable in base-related issues that, ultimately, aided redevelopment and compensated for the lack of more formal local development expertise. *Host communities capitalized upon much-needed development assets they derived from federal resources--grants, technical assistance, and base property. *By the end of the study period, the rural host communities, in particular, had improved their capacity to plan and manage future development through the accumulation and capitalization of assets derived from local and federal resources in base redevelopment.
by Lois A. Stanley.
Ph.D.
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Byrne, Robert P. "Learning drivers : rural electrification regime building in Kenya and Tanzania." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6963/.
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Rural electrification has been a long-standing objective in many developing countries. For decades, the assumption and practice has been to build centralised generating capacity and transmit the electricity over national grids. More recently, interest has grown in using PV (photovoltaic) technology as a solution to the problem of rural electrification. A private household market for PV has been developing in Kenya since 1984 and now has more than 200,000 systems installed, sold through this private market. Consequently, it is widely hailed as a success story among developing countries. Until recently, Tanzania had almost no household PV market, despite interest from a number of actors, including some of those who have been involved in enabling the rapid growth of the market in Kenya. However, sales of PV began to grow quite rapidly from the early 2000s and the trend appears to be gaining pace, with an estimated 285 kWp sold in 2007, having risen by 57% in one year. At the time of the research, there were two large donor-funded PV projects underway in the country. The research attempts to explain the dynamics of the two PV niches over the past 25 years using strategic niche management as its theoretical framework. It finds that the Kenyan niche has benefited more from donor support than is usually acknowledged. The thesis also makes theoretical and methodological contributions. It offers a way to connect first and second-order learning to expectations and visions concepts; dimensions expectations and visions; and presents a tool for systematic investigation of socio-technical trajectory developments. The thesis also suggests a number of ways in which the strategic niche management framework could be enhanced. These include stronger theorising about learning, and the incorporation of power, politics and risk into the theory.
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Edström, Frank, and Jonas Nyman. "Building in rural Tanzania : Proposal for a self-sufficient orphanage." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65070.
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Hughes, Jonathan. "Toward a Poetics of Green Building." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427981120.
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Wallace, Rick L. "Building a Clinical Librarian Program: Challenges in Urban and Rural Settings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8800.
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Canning, John Gordon. "From yankees to queÌbeÌcois : nation-building and national identity in Quebec's eastern townships." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269362.
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Wu, Hsin-Chao. "Local Traditions, Community Building, and Cultural Adaptation in Reform Era Rural China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070033.
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This dissertation examines the so-called revival of local traditions in reform-era China. It compares the different paths of adapting local traditions to market transitions and a changing political landscape. Three questions guide this study: 1) given state suppression of tradition, to what extent is power and society in localities still structured by traditional practices? 2) What determines how a particular community can provide support to individual members? 3) Does the cultural legacy of a community constrain how the community can respond to new situations? And how easily can a community reformulate the past to suit the present need?
This study argues that local communities have actively used traditional practices to build community strength and deal with a variety of community issues arising from changes in the political landscape and socio-economic situations. Traditional practices are not nostalgia, but are the base for collective action and social organization in rural communities. The revival of traditional practices constructs community identity, defines how one relates to others, and instructs how one experiences the group to which one belongs.
This study shows that the same sets of cultural practices and symbols with different arrangements can produce different degrees of community solidarity and strength. Variation on the use of traditional practices for building community in different localities is explained through an interactive model with a number of factors jointly shaping the community strength. These are the local legacy, the state, the new market economy, and interests of individual community members. These factors have different interactive relations in each local community, and result in different degrees of community strength.
This study adds to our understanding of reform era China in two particular aspects. The first is to demonstrate how the collective aspect of traditional practices has worked in rural communities. The second is to demystify the effectiveness of Chinese culture on economic development. My study does not treat Chinese culture as a holistic system. Rather, it shows that in economic behavior there is nothing essentially Chinese, such as using lineage or family networks. Cultural utility, such as strong and effective lineage networks, is a result of complex interaction among top-down state forces, the market, local culture, and individual interests, and cannot be duplicated simply out of functional utility and rational calculation.Sociology
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Besendorfer, Angela. "Building professional learning community in a rural school district an evaluative inquiry /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5508.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 2, 2009). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hogg, Dana E. "Influence of Cultural Capital in Two Rural Appalachian Towns: A Comparative Case Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73555.
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Despite natural beauty and strong ties to kinship and community, the Appalachian region has experienced economic and social disadvantages compared to other regions of the United States. Historically rural areas have been left by the wayside with little federal or state funding; rural areas received $401-$648 less per capita than their metropolitan counterparts in the years between 1994 and 2001(Kellogg Foundation, 2004). 42 percent of the population of Appalachia live in rural areas, compared to 20 percent nationally (Gohl, 2013). As of 2014 the poverty rate in Appalachia is 17.2 percent in comparison to the national average of 15.6 percent (ARC, 2016). Consequently Appalachian towns have been privy to anti-poverty policies and development work by the United States government for over half a century (Farmbry, 2014). But the anti-poverty measures did very little to change the region.
In order to promote change and prosper as a region, many Appalachian towns have turned to using their cultural capital as a community development resource. As a tool in community building, cultural capital shifts the focus of a community away from its problems, towards its assets (Phillips and Shockley, 2010).
The purpose of this study was to explore how two rural Appalachian towns use cultural capital to impact their community's viability. To do so the researcher used qualitative interview methods and focus groups to understand the experiences of three leadership groups in each community. The findings of this study provide insight into how communities identify and operationalize their cultural capital, and what impact it has on their economic and social prosperity. Additional research should be done on community viability in rural areas, including community visioning, and power dynamics of rural spaces.Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Granville, Melissa Ann. "Building sustainable rural Kansas initiatives: assessing community participation in wind energy decision-making." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3955.
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This study reports on the results of a triangulated inquiry into the processes and outcomes of wind energy decision-making in Kansas. Specifically, key informant interviews were conducted with local stakeholders and decision-makers in three Kansas counties. In the same counties, focus groups were conducted with community members. Finally, state-level stakeholders, including government officials, wind industry representatives and advocacy group representatives were interviewed about their perceptions regarding community collaboration in wind energy decision-making. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach to thematic analysis. Results were discussed in terms of emergent themes within counties or groups and as a result of cross-cutting analyses. Thematic analysis led to the development of a communication grid with axes for consultation and information that impact satisfaction with wind energy decision-making and the sustainability of communities and Kansas‟ wind energy industry. Four paradigms, three actual and one theoretical, emerged from the data and prior research. Implications for sustainable wind development in Kansas are discussed.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Elliot School of Communication
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Combs, Arthur. "Rural economic development as a nation building strategy in South Vietnam, 1968-1972." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2859/.
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Hossain, Nabil. "An Analysis of Alternative Building Materials in the Coastal Rural Areas of Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277898.
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This study will provide background information about the region of Bangladesh,more specifically the coastal rural area of Bangladesh. This region has due to theglobal warming become a very disaster-prone region where disaster resilience workhas become increasingly relevant. Displacement of the rural coastal population dueto disasters is an ongoing issue in Bangladesh which inhibits the large urbanization the capital city, Dhaka faces. This has increased the need of housing which has stimulated the brick industry that has increased its contribution to BangladeshGDP the last years. Though the brick industry has traditionally been dominated by environmentally unfriendly methods that has caused deforestation and severe air pollution contributing to the cause of its demand creating a negative feedbackloop. This study will analyse four different building materials including the tradition alone by collecting data, creating analyse models and discussing them to find a more financial, environmental and technical suitable alternative to respondto the current situation to try turn the tide focusing on the rural coastal areas of Bangladesh.
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Alam, Fuad. "An Analysis of Alternative Building Materials in the Coastal Rural Areas of Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279690.
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This study will provide background information about the region of Bangladesh, more specifically the coastal rural area of Bangladesh. This region has due to the global warming become a very disaster-prone region where disaster resilience work has become increasingly relevant. Displacement of the rural coastal population due to disasters is an ongoing issue in Bangladesh which inhibits the large urbanization the capital city, Dhaka faces. This has increased the need of housing which has stimulated the brick industry that has increased its contribution to Bangladesh GDP the last years. Though the brick industry has traditionally been dominated by environmentally unfriendly methods that has caused deforestation and severe air pollution contributing to the cause of its demand creating a negative feedback loop. This study will analyse four different building materials including the traditional one by collecting data, creating analyse models and discussing them to find a more financial, environmental and technical suitable alternative to respond to the current situation to try turn the tide focusing on the rural coastal areas of Bangladesh.
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Nelson, Amy L. "Building Community| Place-Based Curriculum in a Rural Secondary English Language Arts Classroom." Thesis, Minot State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265778.
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Choosing curriculum is an essential part of what teachers do to ensure students are successful learners. Students in rural areas may feel many current educational practices are biased toward urban education or may not see the need for education in their lives. Connecting students to their “place” through place-based learning may help rural students become engaged learners and active community members. Place-based learning is a curriculum designed around the locations near students. Students help create the curriculum by using essential questions and inquiry. Although often used in science and social studies classrooms, place-based learning may be used in the secondary English language arts classroom. This study looks at the advantages and disadvantages of using place-based curriculum in a rural secondary English language arts classroom and determines what implications there are for using place-based curriculum as a regular aspect of the rural secondary English classroom. Using surveys, interviews, reflective student writings, and observational data of community members and students, this case study shows one rural secondary English language arts classroom’s place-based learning experience.
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McAulay, Ian Charles. "Visual descriptors : a design tool for visual impact analysis." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2401.
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This study is concerned with the development of a practical and effective form of computer-aided analysis of the visual impact of building development in rural areas. Its contribution is fourfold. Firstly, a conceptual model has been developed for the process of seeing in the context of visual impact analysis. Secondly, a mathematical model for a consistent series of visual descriptors has been devised. Thirdly, a suitable design tool has been devised to make use of visual descriptors in visual impact analysis. Fourthly, visual descriptors have actually been implemented as computer software. The concept of visual impact analysis is defined and placed within the wider context of landscape research. The problems faced by a designer in the context of visual impact analysis are identified and the concept of a 'design tool' is introduced and defined. A number of existing computer software packages, intended or used for visual impact analysis, are reviewed critically. The concept of 'visual descriptors' as measures to be used by designers is introduced and examined critically. A conceptual model is presented for the process of seeing in the context of visual impact analysis. A range of possible measures for use as visual descriptors is presented and developed further into a series of precise definitions. A method of implementing visual descriptors is presented together with formal algorithms for the derivation of eight visual descriptors. A software package incorporating these descriptors is presented and verification and case studies of its use carried out. Visual descriptors, as implemented, are assessed for their effectiveness as a design tool for visual impact analysis.
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Green, Stephen David. "The development of housing policy in the national parks of England and Wales." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324439.
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Bertsch, Robert. "The Effect of Relationship-building Programs on the Resilience of Women in Agriculture." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31819.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between participation in relationship-building programs and online social groups, and the individual resilience of women in agriculture in the United States. Women have demonstrated a unique ability to connect farms and ranches with social resources, drive change and adaptation in agriculture, facilitate farm and ranch succession, and build community after a disaster. The capacity of agriculture and rural communities to adapt in the face of significant adversity depends on those unique abilities. Improving the resilience in women in agriculture is critical to the overall resilience of rural America. Unfortunately, most resilience interventions focus on internal psychology and do not address external, social-ecological factors for resilience. The results of this study show participation in certain relationship-building programs is associated with a significant increase in the level of some external resilience factors among women in agriculture in the U.S.