Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rural buildings

Academic literature on the topic 'Rural buildings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rural buildings"

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Arcidiacono, C., S. M. C. Porto, and G. Cascone. "Seismic Analysis of Traditional Stone Rural Buildings: Case study of a one-storey building." Informes de la Construcción 67, no. 537 (March 30, 2015): e053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.13.039.

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Zhu, Yiyun, Xiaona Fan, Changjiang Wang, and Guochen Sang. "Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermal Environment in a Rural Residential Building for Addressing Energy Poverty." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112077.

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Reducing energy consumption and creating a comfortable thermal indoor environment in rural residential buildings can play a key role in fighting global warming in China. As a result of economic development, rural residents are building new houses and modernizing existing buildings. This paper investigated and analyzed a typical rural residential building in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China through field measurements and numerical simulation. The results showed that making full use of solar energy resources is an important way to improve the indoor temperature. Reasonable building layout and good thermal performance of the building envelope can reduce wind velocities and convective heat loss. Insulation materials and double-glazed windows should be used to reduce energy loss in new buildings, although it is an evolution process in creating thermally efficient buildings in rural China. This research provides a reference for the design and construction of rural residential buildings in Northwest China and similar areas for addressing energy poverty.
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Ruda, Gy. "Rural buildings and environment." Landscape and Urban Planning 41, no. 2 (June 1998): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(97)00062-5.

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Li, Fan, Zhi Min Li, and Xiao Min Wang. "Study on Old Construction Renewal of the Rural School Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1730.

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With the construction of the urban-rural integration, Chinese township's structure begins to adjust. The changes of the site layout planning of rural schools bring a large number of vacant rural school buildings. This paper aims to study the possibility and rationality about the rural school building reuse in northwest China. The appropriate retrofitted buildings types are public buildings such as culture building, medical building or welfare building. The construction method is proposed which includes the repair, replacement and increase. Finally, the example that the rural school building transformed into the disabled care center proves the possibility and rationality about the renovation patterns. The use of this kind of renovation patterns will save construction costs, bring economic benefits and a good social effect.
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Garrido-Velarde, Jacinto, María Montero-Parejo, Julio Hernández-Blanco, and Lorenzo García-Moruno. "Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082593.

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The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.
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Su, Ying She. "Study on Energy Conservation of External Wall Structure of Rural Houses in Cold Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.716.

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According to the status of the northern rural architecture analysis, the prevalence of high energy consumption, low comfort features, it is essential to design energy-efficient buildings in rural areas. Article research and analyze the layout of rural buildings, a variety of energy-saving technologies and building design measures development and utilization of new energy sources and other issues that can make rural buildings to save energy and improve the environmental quality of living of farmers. It also put forward some reasonable suggestions for carrying out residential building energy efficiency in cold areas.
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Buzalo, Nina, Irina Platonova, Nadezhda Tsaritova, and Igor Kosogov. "Experience in inspection of operated rural school buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809037.

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Summarizing the experience of examining school buildings built in rural areas in 1950 - 1990, the article draws conclusions about their technical condition and compliance with the requirements of modern regulatory documents. All surveyed school buildings do not meet the requirements for resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures, accessibility for all categories of low-mobile groups of the population. The article presents the results of a survey of a high school building in the Oblivsky district of the Rostov region and a high school building in the village of Karaichevskaya in the Rostov region, high school building in the Kuibyshev district of the Rostov region. A number of defects and damages were found in the buildings under investigation. The analysis of the experience of survey of school buildings located in rural areas of the Rostov region.
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Wang, Chang Feng, and Guo Qiang Fan. "Unscrambling the Building Envelope Insulation Technique in "Tianjin Energy Efficiency Design Standard for Rural Residential Buildings"." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1519.

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In order to solve problems of high energy consumption and poor indoor thermal comfort in existing rural residential buildings, Tianjin city developed Tianjin energy efficiency standard for rural residential buildings, the building envelope insulation technique in the standard-including determination of heat transfer coefficient, principle of choosing insulation materials for building envelope, energy efficiency standards of walls, windows, and roofs are unscrambled particularly in this paper. It is suggested that natural materials and appropriate techniques are used to achieve the energy-saving goal for rural residential buildings with minimum energy consumption.
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Benni, Stefano, Elisabetta Carfagna, Daniele Torreggiani, Elisabetta Maino, Marco Bovo, and Patrizia Tassinari. "Multidimensional Measurement of the Level of Consistency of Farm Buildings with Rural Heritage: A Methodology Tested on an Italian Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154242.

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The industrialization after World War II marked a severe discontinuity between rural heritage and contemporary farm buildings. Rural landscapes have thus become more and more uniform; historical buildings are often abandoned and degraded, while contemporary buildings are often disconnected from their surrounding environment. Besides aiming to protect and restore rural heritage—more and more acknowledged as a common good contributing to societal identity—attention should be paid to increasing the quality of new buildings, a crucial issue to improve landscape quality in everyday landscape contexts. Based on a series of previous studies carried out to develop and test a robust methodology allowing the analysis of the main formal features of rural buildings, organized in a comprehensive framework known as the FarmBuiLD model (Farm Building Landscape Design), this study aims to perform an integrated and compared analysis of sets of traditional and contemporary rural buildings through experimental trials on an Italian case study. In particular, the study focuses on defining and measuring indexes allowing the quantification of the level of consistency of contemporary buildings with the traditional typologies. A contemporary farm building is evaluated based on the distance of each of its formal features from those which proved to be representative of the corresponding traditional building type, evaluated through a cluster analysis of the typological characters of traditional buildings in the study area. The results showed that different degrees of dissonance can be detected. Similarities have been found, in particular with respect to the shape of buildings and their closure with regards to landscape. The major dissonances are related to the perception of buildings as flattened on the ground, due to their excessively elongated shape, and in the case of buildings completely permeable to landscape, this being necessary for structural purposes and for the type of use of historic buildings. The expected impact of this study is to provide designers and planners with indicators allowing the evaluation, on an objective basis, of the level of consistency of new buildings with local rural heritage, thus supporting both design phases and project evaluation as well as building management processes (maintenance, restoration, extension, change in use, etc.).
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Morena, Marzia, Gian Battista Bischetti, Maria Luisa Del Gatto, and Anna Gornati. "Innovative management of rural buildings." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2017-0065.

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Purpose This study forms part of a larger project funded by Cariplo Foundation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the scope to exploit the full potential and upgrade the functions of abandoned or under-utilized typical highland Alpine pasture systems (made by a complex of grazing fields, buildings for temporal animal and human recovery and dairy production, identified as Malga system or Alpeggio), by adopting the property investor’s point of view. Design/methodology/approach This study has adapted the traditional property development processes to rural buildings, thus generating an analysis model that proves able to define a new destination of use whenever the project considers the reuse of existing facilities. Findings The proposed model analyzes the technological, functional and territory features of the building to be upgraded, to assess the technical feasibility of the changeover project and identify the highest and best use of Malga-systems. The model has been applied to all the Malga-systems in the Orobie Bergamasche Park; it performed a comprehensive assessment of the development potential of the Malga-systems in the same Park. Research limitations/implications The design of the model took into consideration the specificities of the Orobie Bergamasche Park; nevertheless, the method can be taken as an example to be applied to any grazing land in the Alps. Originality/value This research provides the real estate market with a new analysis tool that is specific for the rural buildings, and suitable to streamline the procedures designed to upgrade these properties and to infuse new life into the territories that are experiencing a period of hardship and/or decay.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural buildings"

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Hays, Michael. "Rural settlements the rehabilitation of the rural landscape /." This title; PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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Andersson, Robin. "Electric power quality in low voltage grid : Office buildings and rural substation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28441.

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The modern society uses more and more electronic devices needed to being able to function together. This put higher demands on the electrical grid together with that the typical load have changed from the past. Therefore utility companies are obliged to keep the voltage within certain limits for this to function. What exact these limits have been have not always been clear since they have not been gathered in one single document.  This thesis is a cooperation with Kraftringen who also has been the initiator. Kraftringen would like to become more proactive in their work regarding electric power quality. For becoming more proactive continuously measurements have to be done but the locations have to be carefully selected in the beginning to get a wider perspective of the grid. Energy markets inspectorate (EI) is supervisory of the electric power quality in Sweden and since 2011 they have published a code of statutes (EIFS 2011:2 later 2013:1) intended to summarize limits on voltage. Some of the electrical power quality aspects are not mentioned in EIFS 2013:1 and standards have to be used to find limited values. Flicker and interharmonics are not mentioned in EIFS 2013:1 and for values on flicker the standard SS-EN 50160 has to be used and for interharmonics the standard SS-EN 61000-2-2 state limit values. Besides all this there are standards with stricter limits than EIFS 2013:1 e.g. for total harmonic distortion on voltage were SS-EN 61000-2-2 suggest 6 % instead of 8 %. Three different field studies have been conducted in order to get some perception of the present situation regarding electric power quality. Two measurements were conducted on a typical office building because they represents a large part of the typical load in Lund. The third measurement was conducted on a substation in a rural area to get a perception of the situation outside urban areas.  These measurements shown that the overall electric power quality was within given limits according to EIFS 2013:1 and different standards. However, conducted measurements shown some interesting results. Both the typical office buildings have a slightly capacitive power factor which results in that the voltage inside the building is going to be slightly higher than at the substation. Since the voltage level at the measured urban substation was above nominal voltage level with about 2-5 % this could be problematic. Another eventual problem with a load with a capacitive power factor is resonance with the inductive parts of the grid like transformers leading to magnified harmonic levels. It is suggested that Kraftringen expand their number of permanent electric power quality measurement locations to get a better overview of the present situation. The best suited locations to start with are such that have received complaints earlier, preferably measured on the low voltage side of the transformer for also register the amount of zero sequence harmonics. Next step in the measurement expansion would be substations known to be under higher load than others or substations with a PEN-conductor in a smaller area than the phase conductors, supplying a typical office load with high amounts of third harmonics and unbalance. From this it would be appropriate to spread out the measurement locations geographically to better get to know the grids behaviour.
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Rocha, João Carlos Azenha. "Os canastros do Alto Lima-uma proposta de salvaguarda do património rural." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de Antropologia, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29201.

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Chan, King-lok. "A neglected heritage typology in the New Territories the Western-Chinese eclectic style rural buildings of the early 20th century /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42188982.

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Lambert, David A. "Recommendations for Interdisciplinary Design of Buildings and Other Facilities in Rural East Africa." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/257.

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Development and aid focused non-governmental organizations operating in rural East Africa face unique challenges in the design and construction of buildings and other facilities in support of their efforts. Failure to address these issues can result in financial consequences hindering success and there is very little information available providing recommendations or guidelines. A summary of the design of the Same Polytechnic, a vocational training school located in northern Tanzania, details the comprehensive process involving the multiple parties of an interdisciplinary design team each requiring specific information to evaluate the many factors involved. The lessons learned and information gathered during the design process will serve as a set of basic guidelines that will help future projects address the more serious challenges encountered when building in rural East Africa.
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Vicente, António Maria Balcão. "Santa Maria de Aguiar, um Mosteiro de Fronteira-património rural e paisagem agrícola : séculos XII-XIV." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UL-Universidade de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Letras, 1996. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30231.

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Teeple, Lisa J. "Historical development of selected design amenities in central Indiana rural school buildings, 1875-1915." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865947.

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The purposes of this study were: (1) to study the conditions that influenced the construction of early rural schoolhouses in Indiana, (2) to examine how emerging concerns for sanitation and student health surfaced from the construction of early rural schoolhouses, and (3) to provide a data base for individuals who desire to do further research on school buildings and their historic preservation. The research concentrated on the period of 1875 to .1915. Special attention was given to conditions that led to the passage of the Sanitary Schoolhouse Act of 1911.Results revealed that early schoolhouses often were constructed as little more than shelters. Virtually no consideration was given to either educational processes or the health and safety of occupants. As a result, water and other design and care of water and sewage systems resulted insanitary factors became major concerns. The inadequate serious health concerns for students and teachers. These concerns contributed to the passage of laws that eventually led to: (1) the abandonment of early rural schoolhouses, and (2) the construction of more sophisticated structures often designed by professional architects.This study also revealed that some of those early schoolhouses that survived have been converted to residential, business, or civic purposes. Photographs of such buildings in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Madison, and Tipton counties in Indiana are included in the thesis. They provide evidence that preservation is a means with which these buildings can continue to serve a useful existence.There is historical value in understanding conditions that led to the rise and fall of early rural school buildings. Collectively, data about the construction and sanitary conditions provide insights into rural culture, expand an appreciation of the uniqueness of design for these buildings, and enhance the importance and desirability of preserving these structures. The net product of this thesis is to provide a view of the construction of buildings in central Indiana of this period.
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Ratti, Cristiano. "Garden buildings in urban and rural Britain, c.1690-c.1780 : style, form and function." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420501.

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Bell, Christopher. "The local economic impacts of the conversion and re-use of traditional rural working buildings." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2450/.

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As well as their intrinsic value, derived from factors such as their historical significance and meaning, redundant traditional rural working buildings have the potential for instrumental value through being economic assets that can accommodate alternative uses. The conversion works and subsequent re-use can impact upon the locality in terms of income generation and employment creation, thereby supporting local economic development. However, the extent of this local economic impact rests on the expenditure patterns of the building owner and user. Drawing on a mix of exogenous and endogenous growth theories, the study investigated the local economic impacts of converting and re-using redundant traditional rural working buildings. The focus was on the local economic impacts that were measurable spatially at the sub-regional level. The fieldwork was conducted with the collaborating partner, the National Trust, and primary data was collected from 30 traditional rural building conversion projects across England. The local economic impact of both the conversion works process and the subsequent re-use of the building were analysed. A modelling framework, drawing on the principles of Keynesian multiplier analysis and Local Multiplier 3 (LM3) modelling, was used to generate a range of estimated income and employment multipliers according to distinguishing characteristics of the buildings. In total, 12 building conversion works and 14 building re-use models were produced. The building characteristics with the largest conversion works income multipliers included: animal housing buildings, listed buildings, and buildings converted for manufacturing purposes. For building re-use, the characteristics with the largest income multipliers included: animal housing buildings, Accommodation and Food Services SIC class and let buildings. A guidance document was produced based on the findings to aid the National Trust with the consideration of local economic impact in future traditional rural working building conversion projects.
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Cash, Carol Scott. "Building condition and student achievement and behavior /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143026/.

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Books on the topic "Rural buildings"

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Rural constructions in timber. Lund, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1988.

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Davis, Larry. Rural firefighting operations. Ashland, Mass. (20 Main St., Ashland 01721): International Society of Fire Service Instructors, 1985.

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Arquitetura de madeira na zona rural de Londrina. [Londrina?]: Atrito Art Editorial, 2001.

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Bozelli, Carllos. Arquitetura de madeira na zona rural de Londrina. [Londrina?]: Atrito Art Editorial, 2001.

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Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission. Prince George's County Planning Dept. Piscataway village rural conservation study. Upper Marlboro, MD (14741 Governor Oden Bowie Dr., Upper Marlboro 20772): Prince George's County Planning Dept., 1995.

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Châtelain, André. Patrimoine rural: Reflet des terroirs. Paris: Rempart, 1998.

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José, Aledo Sarabia, ed. Orihuela, un patrimonio arquitectónico rural y urbano en peligro. [Alicante]: Instituto de Cultura "Juan Gil Albert", Diputación de Alicante, 1990.

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Doggett, Suzanne. Rural school buildings in Colorado: Multiple property listing. [Denver, Colo: State Historic Preservation Office, Colorado Historical Society, 1999.

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Arquitetura rural na Serra da Mantiqueira. [São Paulo?]: Quadrante, 1992.

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Bouillot, Michel. L' habitat rural autour de Mâcon. La Roche-Vineuse [France]: Foyers ruraux de Saône-et-Loire, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rural buildings"

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Pallini, Cristina, Aleksa Korolija, and Silvia Boca. "Rural and Urban Schools: Northern Greece in the Interwar Period." In Buildings for Education, 63–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33687-5_6.

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Zhang, Xin-yu, and Hong Jin. "The Design Study of Energy-Saving Rural House in Rural Areas in Heilongjiang Province, China." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 73–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17387-5_8.

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Bonfante, Francesca, Nora Lombardini, Emanuela Margione, and Luca Monica. "Modernist Schools in the New Rural Landscape of the Pontine Plain." In Buildings for Education, 53–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33687-5_5.

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Jin, Hong, and Hua Zhao. "Research on Energy-Efficient Exterior Walls of Rural Housing in Northern China." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 379–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03454-1_39.

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Rainsford, Desmond, and William Mackaness. "Template Matching in Support of Generalisation of Rural Buildings." In Advances in Spatial Data Handling, 137–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56094-1_11.

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Zhou, Chunyan, and Hong Jin. "Research of Solar-Kang Heating Systems Design for Rural House in Cold Areas of China." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 369–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03454-1_38.

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Zhao, Wei, and Hong Jin. "Research on the Current Condition of Rural Housing and Strategy of Low-Consumption in Northern China." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 65–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17387-5_7.

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Smits, Michaël Willem Maria. "Towards Self-Reliant Development: Inhabitant Housing Capacity Gap of Rural Inhabitants on Mt. Elgon." In Smart and Sustainable Cities and Buildings, 497–515. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37635-2_35.

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Nava, Consuelo, and Giuseppe Mangano. "Biodiversity, Enabling Technologies and Resilient Tactics for Urban and Rural Scenarios in Transition in the Inner Areas of Calabria." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2020, 345–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8783-2_29.

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Hatherley, Simon, Wesley Cole, John Counsell, Andrew Geens, John Littlewood, and Nigel Sinnett. "An Exploration of Design Alternatives Using Dynamic Thermal Modelling Software of an Exemplar, Affordable, Low Carbon Residential Development Constructed by a Registered Social Landlord in a Rural Area of Wales." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 601–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36645-1_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rural buildings"

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ŠADZEVIČIUS, Raimondas, Vincas GURSKIS, and Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS. "SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS FROM STRAW PANELS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.012.

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Sustainable (environmentally friendly) modern construction is not limited only to use of natural and environmentally friendly materials. The concept of the construction is an important factor and that is applied to local materials, especially if they come from renewable sources. The sustainable (environmentally friendly) building principles, methods of construction from straw, the essential building requirements for construction from straw are discussed in the article. Straw as a building material used for a very long time, but this usage is often associated with certain mistrust, fears: the building will burn, the mice, rats are attacking, etc. Straw building uses raw materials which are agricultural waste. Buildings constructed from straw decompose in the end of their lifecycle and the construction waste in the area of construction is biodegradable, consequently, it is not necessary to take them away to a landfill. The evaluation of the global and Lithuanian experience of using straw and the structures in which straw are used shows, that the essential requirements can be provided if the straw and timber-framed buildings with straw as a heat insulating material are constructed properly, they use to meet the essential requirements according to the Law on Construction and the European Council and Parliament Regulation No 305/2011.
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Gurskis, Vincas, and Viktorija Zujavičienė. "INFLUENCE OF BUILDINGS EXTERIOR ON THE LANDSCAPE OF THE NEMUNAS DELTA REGIONAL PARK." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.051.

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Protected areas were established in Lithuania in order to preserve not only the natural and cultural heritage, landscape and biodiversity, but the landscape and ecological balance, the genetic fund, to restore the natural resources and to provide educational recreation, research and environmental monitoring as well as the promotion of natural and cultural heritage protection. The Nemunas Delta Regional Park was established to preserve the lower Nemunas landscape, the natural ecosystem and cultural heritage values, and manage them rationally. Protected areas residents seek to reconstruct, modernize the existing buildings, in such a way the landscape is being changing. The evaluation of the structures belonging to one hundred park’s homesteads showed that the existing older buildings roof covering is from grey asbestos slates (56 %). In recent years, ceramic tiles and non-asbestos slates are being increasingly used as roofing material, wood (characteristic for grey colour) is usually used for building wall decoration (48 %). These colours correspond to the regulated by the park management regulations. The Regional Park landscape is blemished by the ruins of abandoned buildings, individual illegal structures, unsuitable colours selected for building exteriors decoration, the recommended window division into four or six sections is not being kept to.
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JÕGI, Erkki, Alo ALLIK, Hardi HÕIMOJA, Tõnis PEETS, Heino PIHLAP, Mart HOVI, Eve ARUVEE, et al. "INCREASING ELECTRICITY SELF-CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BY ELECTRICITY-TO-HEAT CONVERSION AND STORAGE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.205.

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The current paper addresses energy storage issues in residential buildings with the objective of increasing direct consumption. The building, connected to an utility grid, is supplied by a micro wind turbine and PV panels. The utility grid itself acts as an energy buffer. Only nonshiftable loads (white goods, TV etc.) and electric water heating are taken into account. The studied configuration comprises two cascaded heating boilers, one of them preheating boiler. The annual electricity production of the micro wind turbine and PV panels is chosen to cover the hot water demand and nonshiftable loads inside the building with 70/30 ratio in favour of the wind energy. During the experiments, the generation graphs’ shaving levels vary between 0 and 100 %, with peak energy diverted into a preheating boiler and the remaining part fed into the main boiler. The proposed solution allows increasing locally consumed energy share, as the energy of stochastic peaks is stored and used on later demand. The locally consumed energy is expressed by the cover factor, its increase possibilities are studied in main text. Calculations are based on 5- minute time series. The applied algorithm follows the amount of heat in the main and preheating boiler, including also incoming and outgoing energies. The cover factor cannot be increased without restrictions. Too high shaving levels bring along problem of removing excess heat from the preheating boiler. The allowed drain loss is taken as 10 % of annual boiler energy balance. The presumed growth of the cover factor at preheating boiler volume of 160 l instead of 80 l is at least 8 %. with the main boiler sized as before.
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KALDER, Janar, Alo ALLIK, Hardi HÕIMOJA, Erkki JÕGI, Mart HOVI, Maido MÄRSS, Jarek KURNITSKI, et al. "OPTIMAL WIND/SOLAR ENERGY MIX FOR RESIDENTIAL NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.020.

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The article is concentrated on the energy storage problems arising from microgeneration in private households. The case study involves a small-scale wind and solar electricity production set in a net zero-energy building. Both the net zero-energy building and the microgeneration units are connected to an utility grid. The current article serves to confirm the hypothesis, that the self consumption is at its maximum with the annual 70/30 wind and solar energy mix of in favour of the wind. The maximal self consumption at no additional energy storage in a net zero-energy building is studied as well. Produced and consumed energies are equal, which satisfies the requirements for a net zero-energy building with the utility grid acting as an energy buffer. The consumed energy is used to operate a heat pump, heat up ventilation supply air, run ventilation fans, supplying non-shiftable loads (white goods, TV, lighting etc), heat up domestic hot water via heat pump. To express self consumption, we use the term of supply cover factor, which describes optimally the directly consumed energy in relationship to net consumption or production. In annual scale, the cover factors for a net zero-energy building are equal as the production and consumption are equal as well. Also, seasonal variations in self consumption are studied. According to study results, the annual maximal supply cover factor in a net zero-energy building is 0.375 with 70/30 wind/solar mix. Seasonally, the self consumption is at its maximum in summer when the supply cover factor equals to 0.49.
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Grants, Edvins. "A survey of statistics of building fires in Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.033.

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A survey of 8985 records on all fires in Latvia in 2019 gathered by State Fire and Rescue Service was performed to find out if gathered data is suitable and complete for establishment of statistical database for fire protection engineering. The purpose of the survey is to assess suitability of provided content for further studies of the characteristic building fire occurrence probabilities in different building occupancy classes and to obtain solid background for calculations of national values of fire activation partial safety factors which could be implemented in national annex of Eurocode 1 part 1–2. Study contains data about the total number of building fires with relevance to their occupancy types and review of recorded fire causes for residential buildings that provide overall insight on typical causes of fires in dwellings.
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"Towards Sustainable Houses in Rural Areas in Sudan." In International Conference on Green Buildings, Civil and Architecture Engineering. Universal Researchers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u1215337.

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OGRYZEK, Marek, and Krzysztof RZĄSA. "THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.153.

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The rural development policy of the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in Poland (APS) is conducted by The Agricultural Property Agency – APA (since 1.09.2017 – The National Centre for Agriculture Support). The property managed by the APA includes agricultural land, forests, farm buildings, residential buildings as well as equipment and devices that are part of the social, technical, production, commercial and service infrastructure. The aim of research was to proof the influence of the gratuitous transfer of land from the APS to local government units, to engage them in social activities. The main methods used for it were: the analyse of legal acts in Poland, the analyse of reports and statistic data from APA and method of cartographic presentation – quantitative, cartogram. This article focuses on the social aspects of the APA’s operations, based on an analysis of the data supplied by the Regional Branch of the Agricultural Property Agency in Olsztyn. The results of the analyses were presented in table format. The rural development policy concerning the performance of public purposes in rural areas was analysed. The obtained information and materials were analysed to identify social investments carried out on agricultural land donated to local authorities from Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury. The results were used to analyse and describe the social aspects of the APA’s operations in rural area in Poland. Rural areas require various types of social assistance services. The Agricultural Property Agency has successfully fostered social development in rural areas, and it has the required resources and experience to continue that mission.
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Zaripov, Ramis, and Pavels Gavrilovs. "Mechanical connection of metal structures in wagon buildings." In 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2021.20.tf129.

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GUSTA, Sandra. "TRAGEDY IN ZOLITUDE – A LESSON FOR CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.017.

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Our modern society insists on the countryside reaching into the city. To make the urban environment more beautiful we make green roofs and improve the backyards by designing children’s playgrounds and organizing recreational zones. We create a sustainable environment for future generations to have a comfortable life. However, one must not forget that the attractive green roofs of buildings are serious engineered structures. First and foremost the safety issues have to be taken into consideration during the construction and operation stages. On November 21, 2013 Maxima shopping center’s roof collapsed in Riga, Latvia causing 54 deaths and creating international news. The collapse of the supermarket in the Latvian capital Riga has been described as "murder", by the country's president Andris Berzins. It is the deadliest disaster in Latvia since it regained independence in 1991. The causes of the collapse need to be studied in detail. This report is the authors’ independent attempt to find the cause based on photographic evidence and literature observes. This article is based on a study conducted by the students and teachers of Latvia University of Agriculture. The article provides the reasons for this tragedy basing on the analysis. The author considers that the tragedy was the result of the coincidence of circumstances caused by mistakes in the calculation of building structures.
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Lebedeva, Kristina, Galina Kashkarova, Andrejs Snegirjovs, Peteris Shipkovs, and Martins Vanags. "Translucent component to provide thermal energy saving in buildings." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n066.

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Reports on the topic "Rural buildings"

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Griffin, Andrew, Sean Griffin, Kristofer Lasko, Megan Maloney, S. Blundell, Michael Collins, and Nicole Wayant. Evaluation of automated feature extraction algorithms using high-resolution satellite imagery across a rural-urban gradient in two unique cities in developing countries. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40182.

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Feature extraction algorithms are routinely leveraged to extract building footprints and road networks into vector format. When used in conjunction with high resolution remotely sensed imagery, machine learning enables the automation of such feature extraction workflows. However, many of the feature extraction algorithms currently available have not been thoroughly evaluated in a scientific manner within complex terrain such as the cities of developing countries. This report details the performance of three automated feature extraction (AFE) datasets: Ecopia, Tier 1, and Tier 2, at extracting building footprints and roads from high resolution satellite imagery as compared to manual digitization of the same areas. To avoid environmental bias, this assessment was done in two different regions of the world: Maracay, Venezuela and Niamey, Niger. High, medium, and low urban density sites are compared between regions. We quantify the accuracy of the data and time needed to correct the three AFE datasets against hand digitized reference data across ninety tiles in each city, selected by stratified random sampling. Within each tile, the reference data was compared against the three AFE datasets, both before and after analyst editing, using the accuracy assessment metrics of Intersection over Union and F1 Score for buildings and roads, as well as Average Path Length Similarity (APLS) to measure road network connectivity. It was found that of the three AFE tested, the Ecopia data most frequently outperformed the other AFE in accuracy and reduced the time needed for editing.
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Heckert, Jessica, Audrey Pereira, Cheryl Doss, Emily C. Myers, and Agnes R. Quisumbing. Building livelihoods for rural youth: A gendered perspective. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293649_07.

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Allen, Adriana, Donald Brown, Julio Davila, and Pascale Hofmann. Topic Guide: Building reciprocal rural-urban linkages through infrastructure investment and development. Evidence on Demand, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_tg.allenaetal.

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Donovan, Jason, and Nigel Poole. Value chain development and rural poverty reduction: asset building by smallholder coffee producers in Nicaragua. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp11271.pdf.

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Sumberg, James. Youth and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Time to Reset Policy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.038.

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Agriculture is widely promoted as the only economic sector capable of providing employment to the millions of rural Africans entering the labour market in the coming decades. Two competing visions vie for attention. The first is of innovative, entrepreneurial youth driving rural transformation; the second is of agriculture providing young people with little more than survival opportunities. Between these two visions are the young people themselves, actively building their livelihoods, which most often include some engagement with agriculture. Policy interventions need to better consider how young people engage with the rural economy and how they imagine their futures.
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Zibani, Nadia, and Martha Brady. Scaling up asset-building programs for marginalized adolescent girls in socially conservative settings: The Ishraq program in rural Upper Egypt. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy12.1023.

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Kohlitz, Jeremy, Naomi Carrard, and Juliet Willett. Support Mechanisms to Strengthen Equality and Non-Discrimination (EQND) in Rural Sanitation (Part 2 of 2). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.003.

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A renewed focus on equity is being driven by the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation framework and Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, which emphasise the importance of adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, as raised in Part 1 of this issue on equality and non-discrimination (EQND), there is evidence that CLTS processes for achieving community-wide outcomes are not always systematic, adequate, sustained, or sufficient to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups. A compilation of 50 CLTS and rural sanitation programmes around the world that significantly used support mechanisms was gathered to inform this issue. Our rapid review of the programmes found that although numerous trials existed, few had been taken to scale, few were located outside of Asia, and many did not have disaggregated monitoring and evaluation information that is publicly shared or collected at all. This issue therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring, evaluating and knowledge sharing processes in building an evidence base for facilitating equitable rural sanitation outcomes.
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Mehrotra, Santosh. Monitoring India’s National Sanitation Campaign (2014–2020). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.011.

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In 2011, India had more phone users (around 54 per cent of households) and television access (33 per cent) in rural areas than people with access to tap water (31 per cent) and toilet facilities (31 per cent), according to Census 2011. This clearly indicates the failure of government programmes to change the centuries-old practice of defecation in the open. This neglect of safe sanitation has had catastrophic outcomes in terms of human well-being. This case study is an analysis of the latest central government Swachch Bharat Mission - Gramin (Clean India Mission - Rural) (or SBM-G), which has achieved much greater success than any hitherto government effort in providing access to and use of toilets, especially in rural areas where the need is greatest. However, any conception of achieving ODF status, or free of open defecation, in a village (or any limited geography) is more than merely building toilets. The Sanitation Learning Hub commissioned case studies of sanitation campaigns in both India and Nepal, drawing out the lessons learnt for other countries wishing to implement similar initiatives. Both case studies focus on how target setting and feedback and reporting mechanisms can be used to increase the quality of campaigns.
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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.

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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Doo, Johnny. Unsettled Issues Concerning eVTOL for Rapid-response, On-demand Firefighting. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021017.

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Recent advancements of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many novel applications have been identified and are in development. One promising application for these innovative systems is in firefighting, with eVTOL aircraft complementing current firefighting capabilities to help save lives and reduce fire-induced damages. With increased global occurrences and scales of wildfires—not to mention the issues firefighters face during urban and rural firefighting operations daily—eVTOL technology could offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility capabilities to counter these challenges. Early detection and suppression of wildfires could prevent many fires from becoming large-scale disasters. eVTOL aircraft may not have the capacity of larger aerial assets for firefighting, but targeted suppression, potentially in swarm operations, could be valuable. Most importantly, on-demand aerial extraction of firefighters can be a crucial benefit during wildfire control operations. Aerial firefighter dispatch from local fire stations or vertiports can result in more effective operations, and targeted aerial fire suppression and civilian extraction from high-rise buildings could enhance capabilities significantly. There are some challenges that need to be addressed before the identified capabilities and benefits are realized at scale, including the development of firefighting-specific eVTOL vehicles; sense and avoid capabilities in complex, smoke-inhibited environments; autonomous and remote operating capabilities; charging system compatibility and availability; operator and controller training; dynamic airspace management; and vehicle/fleet logistics and support. Acceptance from both the first-responder community and the general public is also critical for the successful implementation of these new capabilities. The purpose of this report is to identify the benefits and challenges of implementation, as well as some of the potential solutions. Based on the rapid development progress of eVTOL aircraft and infrastructures with proactive community engagement, it is envisioned that these challenges can be addressed soon. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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