Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rupture par fissuration'
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Boukhili, Rachid. "Fissuration par fatigue des polyamides : mécanismes." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD005.
Full textNguyen, Hoai Nam. "Étude numérique de la fissuration d'un milieu viscoélastique : analyse de l'essai de rupture sur bitume." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005307.
Full textZhang, Yulong. "Contribution à l'étude de déformation et de rupture des roches par une approche discrète." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I045/document.
Full textIn this work, a new bond model with nonlinear shear failure criterion is first proposed and implemented in PFC for describing mechanical behavior of isotropic cohesive granular materials such as sandstone. A large number of compression tests have been performed on 3D samples. The results show that the effect of confining pressure on compressive strength and failure pattern is well described by the proposed bond model. Effects of loading path and the intermediate principal stress on deformation and failure have been also investigated. After further extending parameters on elastic and strength, two bond models: the proposed bond model and the improved smooth joint model, are coupled to character the anisotropy of strength and deformation in anisotropic cohesive materials such as sedimentary rocks. A series of conventional triaxial compression tests with different loading paths have been performed and numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data, especially for elastic response and strength properties. The failure mode transformation between weakness layer and rock matrix under different confining pressures has been well described. Furthermore, the proposed bond model has been extended to study hydraulic fracturing process in cohesive materials. A representative hydraulic fracture propagation process has been presented. Influences of different factors, such as confining pressure, fluid viscosity and fluid injection rate, on hydraulic fracture extension have been investigated. Finally, we have developed a dimensional reconstruction method of block shape irregularity and studied its effects on block impacts using an energy based approach
Adiwijayanto, Florentinus. "Etude comparative des mécanismes de fissuration par fatigue des alliages d'aluminium 8090C T851 et 2024 T351." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2284.
Full textBoussekine, Abdelmadjid. "Etude de la propagation des fissures par la méthode des éléments de frontière." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0034.
Full textHamon, François. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique en fissuration d'alliages aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495858.
Full textAttigui, Mohammed. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des structures fissurées par la mécanique de rupture." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0032.
Full textRegrain, Cédric. "Comportement, endommagement et fissuration par fluage du Polyamide 6 : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493717.
Full textNguyen, Hoang Quan. "Modélisation numérique de la propagation d’une fissure lors d’une rupture par fatigue à très grand nombre de cycles." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100104.
Full textThis manuscript is a contribution to the study of the crack propagation in very high cycle fatigue domain. We develop a numerical tool which allows to model this crack propagation in mode I and to study the formation of fish eye crack, a characteristic of this failure. Firstly, an iterative numerical procedure based on three dimensional finite element method is developed to study the evolution of crack form during the crack propagation and to calculate the number of cycles to failure when it is not possible to find an analytical solution. The virtual crack closure technique is used to calculate the stress intensity factor in each step of crack growth process. Secondly, a coupled thermomecanical finite element model in 3D is proposed to estimate the evolution of the temperature field during the crack propagation. The problem is solved into 2 steps. In the first step, we calculate the plastic energy per cycle from the cyclic plastic zone at the crack front. In the second step, we use a fraction of this energy as a mobile heat source to estimate the temperature field evolution. The plastic energy per cycle is calculated by two methods. The first one is based on an elastic-plastic finite element analysis with a perfectly elastic-plastic constitutive law. The second one is based on an empirical relation between the energy plastic per cycle per unit of crack length and the range of stress intensity factor. Numerical results obtained agree fairly well with experimental results
Le, Vinh Hoang Tan. "Modélisation micromécanique de la fissuration des matériaux hétérogènes par des modèles d'inclusion avec décollement à l'interface." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1038.
Full textDebonding at the interface is one of the main failure modes for "inclusion-matrix" materials. From a modeling point of view, it is therefore essential to describe the behavior of such materials with partially debonding interfaces.In the framework of the linear elastic fracture mechanics (in plane elasticity), this work concerns first of all the analysis of interfacial fissures located at the boundary of a circular inclusion, immersed in an infinite matrix. The generic solution of such a problem, based on the complex potential method of Muskhelishvili, has been proposed by Perlman and Sih (1966). This general solution was applied successively to the cases of a single crack and two symmetric cracks by Toya (1974) and Prasad and Simha (2002, 2003), respectively. We use here the methodology of Perlman and Sih (1966) to calculate the solution to the problem of two interface cracks of different lengths, but sharing the same axis of symmetry. On the basis of the solution obtained, we then analyze the propagation of two initially symmetrical cracks. We show that the propagation can be asymmetrical: the length of one of the cracks grows, while that of the other remains constant.Then, the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme is adopted to study the effect of the partial debonding of the interface on the macroscopic behavior of the material. Finally, we present a macroscopic stress-strain curve of the "inclusion-matrix" material subjected to uniaxial traction taking into account damage due to debonding at the interface. The influence of parameters such as volume fraction of inclusions, particle size and initial crack angle on this curve is examined
Richard, Sébastien. "Fissuration par fatigue d'alliages d'aluminium au lithium de troisième génération." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605426.
Full textGrasland, François. "Vieillissement du caoutchouc naturel par thermo-oxydation : Etudes de ses conséquences sur la cristallisation sous déformation, la fissuration et la rupture." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI029/document.
Full textNatural rubber (NR) is largely used in the tire industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, e.g. its very good resistance to fatigue crack growth at high strain. It is generally accepted that this outstanding behavior is related to its ability to crystallize under strain. Such phenomenon, so called SIC, strongly depends on parameters like temperature, strain rate as well as the architecture of the rubber network. The microstructure of this network is formed during the crosslinking process and depends on the vulcanization system, i.e. “Efficient” or “Conventional”. The former vulcanization recipe consists in the formation of short or monosulfide bridges in the elastomer network whereas the latter (necessary to ensure a good adhesion between metallic and rubber parts in a tire) will mainly create longer polysulfide bridges. During its life, the tire will be submitted to a slow aerobic ageing which will cause structural modifications of the initial network and therefore an evolution of the rubber ability to crystallize under strain and to resist against crack propagation. In general, the structural modifications are caused by complex chemical mechanisms, highly sensitive to temperature, leading to chain scission and chain crosslinking. They can also involve sulfur bridge reorganization when NR is conventionally vulcanized. Nevertheless, most of the literature on NR ageing has been performed on efficiently cross-linked NR, and in thermal conditions which are much too severe to be representative of the material ageing in tire applications. Within this frame, our objective is to study this material when it is aged at 77 °C in air. Such parameters have been identified as capable of reproducing more realistically and over a reasonable duration, the ageing of rubber in some use conditions. After characterization of the evolution of the aged materials microstructure, their crack propagation resistance will be studied at 0.01 Hz for different values of macroscopic deformations. Time resolved Wide Angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measure-ments, carried out at room temperature, will then provide information on the crystallization process around the crack tip. Based on these results, the relation between the network evolution during ageing, the fatigue properties and the ability to strain crystal-lize in such conditions will be established in this work
Comte, Christophe. "Initiation des fissures de Hertz en contact glissant sphère/plan : particularités des quasicristaux AlCuFe et modélisation par Eléments Frontières." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL572N.
Full textAslan, Ozgur. "Simulation numérique de la fissuration par fatigue dans les monocristaux de superalliages à base de nickel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540893.
Full textBitar, Ibrahim. "Modélisation de la rupture dans les structures en béton armé par des éléments finis poutres généralisées et multifibres." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0013.
Full textThis thesis, carried out within the framework of the French national project SINAPS@, aims to develop generalized and multifiber finite beam elements to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete structures till failure. The Timoshenko finite element beam formulation introduced by (Caillerie, et al., 2015) is chosen as the starting point. This formulation is free of shear locking and uses high order shape functions to interpolate the transversal displacement and rotation fields. The formulation of (Caillerie et al., 2015) is first compared with other finite element beam formulations existing in the literature and validated for linear and non-linear calculations. A kinematic enhancement of the axial displacement field is proposed in order to improve the element’s ability to reproduce the interaction between the axial force and flexural moment. In order to model the behavior of a structure till failure, the embedded finite element method is adopted. This method consists in enhancing the kinematics by introducing a displacement discontinuity variable to reproduce the crack. The enhancement is first applied at the section level and then at the fiber level and thus two new formulations, a generalized Timoshenko beam and a multifiber Timoshenko beam, are proposed. The enhancement of the displacement field provides objective global responses and the ability to reproduce the structural behavior till failure. The performance of the new elements is validated by numerical studies and comparisons with experimental results
Goupillaud, Isabelle. "Comparaison des endommagements matriciels par fatigue mécanique et par cyclage thermique de composites structuraux : caractérisation et modélisation." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2332.
Full textNoel, Matthieu. "Modélisation déterministe et probabiliste de la rupture par champ de phase et identification expérimentale pour la fissuration des structures en bois dans l’ameublement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2061.
Full textIn the furniture industry, ensuring the safety of structures in accordance with European standards presents a significant challenge for furniture manufacturers. Before commercialization, furniture are subjected to standardized validation tests, which only allow for a retrospective understanding of its mechanical behavior. This thesis aims to develop modeling and numerical simulation tools to predict the cracking failure mechanism at the connections between furniture elements. To achieve this objective, the methodological approach combines modeling and numerical simulation with experimental testing. It employs the finite element method coupled with phase-field fracture/damage models to simulate cracking in linear elastic isotropic and anisotropic materials within a deterministic and probabilistic framework. An experimental testing campaign is conducted on perforated spruce wood samples subjected to uniaxial compression to reproduce the cracking mechanisms observed in real structures, particularly in the connections of high loft beds. An identification procedure is developed and implemented to characterize the elastic and damage properties of spruce wood, in particular by exploiting experimental displacement field measurements obtained through digital image correlation. A method for accelerating phase-field damage simulations is proposed to reduce their high computational cost. This approach allows for the prediction, independently of the type of connections, of the displacement or critical force preceding crack initiation. The numerical results indicate that, provided realistic boundary conditions are applied and the material properties are correctly identified, the crack initiation criterion is useful for predicting the location of potentially damaged/cracked areas and providing a consistent order of magnitude of the force or displacement required to initiate cracking. This criterion only requires a single linear elastic simulation, followed by a post-processing with a phase-field damage model, to facilitate its use in an industrial context, in particular the furniture sector. The numerical tools developed, available in open source, could help furniture manufacturers to predict brittle fracture in wood and optimize furniture design, while guaranteeing compliance with safety standards
Jendoubi, Khemaïs. "Mesures locales et globales des paramètres mécaniques gouvernant la fissuration par fatigue." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2312.
Full textMeftah, Fekri. "Contribution à l'étude numérique des modes localises de rupture dans les structures en béton de type poutres : approche multicouches par la plasticité au gradient." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0005.
Full textStructural geometrical exhibit stain softening due to non-homogeneous deformations. Softening behavior is a precursor to failure and involves localization of deformation. When it is taken into account, in a standard continuum theories, such as convention plasticity, the strain softening phenomenon leads to ill-posed boundary or initial value problems, since the governing equations loose ellipticity or hyperbolicity. Therefore, numerical simulations suffer from extreme mesh dependence. The localization zone is complexly determined by the discretization and convergence to unique solution in no more obtained. In this work, the gradient-dependent plasticity theory is used as a localization limiter to prevent standard continuum deficiency. The essential feature of this theory is the dependence of the yield function upon the second order spatial gradient of the plastic strain measure. This term allows keeping well-posed character of the problem during localization. Furthermore, the gradient dependence makes difficult to determine the increments of the plastic multiplier, since the consistency condition is a partial differential equation. Therefore, it is satisfied in a weak or distributed sense, leading to a mixed formulation where the plastic strain filed is discretized in addition to the usual discretization of the displacement filed. In this contribution, a layered approach based on gradient plasticity is developed. A gradient dependent layered beam finite element is then elaborated. It allows ensuring numerical solution which is mesh independent. Application to concrete and reinforced concrete beams under static and impulsive loading ie presented to validate and illustrate the approach. The use of the fracture energy as a material parameter and the possibility of the model to describe the size effect are also scrutinized
Boulazreg, Hakim. "Modélisation de la fissuration fragile par une formulation mixte hybride : évaluation des coefficients de concentration de contraintes et du taux de restitution d'énergie." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1397_hboulazreg.pdf.
Full textIn the case of brittle rupture analysis, the energy release rate characterizes the energy stored at the crack tip. Once associated to an experimental critical value, it constitutes the essential parameter of initial crack propagation. This rate can be computed using variational methods, which are the basis of the formulation of different Computing models by finite elements. The classical displacement numerical methods cannot take into account the singularity phenomenon of the stresss at the crack tip. For a better approximation, a mesh refinement is necessary. The mixed hybrid formulation, which allows the separate choice at each of the displacement and the stress fields, gives to the users the possibility of introducing this singularity in numerical approximation stress field. A super mixed hybrid element is placed around the crack. This choice gives an important advantage while modelling as a mesh refînement is no longer useful. This hybrid element is connected to the displacement finite elements. The assembly and the global resolution are calculated as in a classical case. The stress field given by this particular element shows directly the stress concentration coefficients. A first evaluation of the energy release rate is possible by an identification method starting with these stress intensity factors. In this work, we propose a second method for calculating the energy release rate using a contour integral, similar in its principle to the Rice integral, but developed here in the case of mixed hybrid Pian formulation. To test the performance of the integral, a comparison between our results and other analytical and numerical solutions is made
Lambert, Yvan. "Étude de l'endommagement en pointe de fissure dans le cas de la fissuration en plasticité non confinée." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI230.
Full textGrimaldi, Antoine. "Etude par AFM de la condensation capillaire à la pointe de fissure dans un verre de silice." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20246.
Full textThe phenomenon of stress corrosion is responsible for the slow crack propagation in glasses below their breaking point. In applications where glass components such as windows, fiber optic cables or glass containers are subjected to stresses, failure always occurs by the extension of a crack originated near the surface of the glass. The stress corrosion mechanisms acting et the nanoscale are still debated. The experimental set-up allows us to track the propagation of the crack tip in pure mode I (opening mode) by means of optical and atomic force microscopes (AFM) in real time (in-situ) condition and in a carefully controlled atmosphere. This work focuses specially on the capillary condensation that occurs at the crack tip in silica glass. In a first part, we have shown by using AFM phase imaging the existence of a liquid phase at the crack tip. We have focused in identifying all the bias induced by the external parameters in our measurement. In a second part, we have studied the equilibrium properties of this liquid/vapour system, and shown the existence of a critical distance of condensation between the two lips of the crack that increases with the humidity. At last, we have studied the impact of the internal forces du to the capillary condensation on the crack opening profile. By studying the crack closure we have been able to correct our estimation on the critical distance and extract the value of the Laplace pressure of the liquid. This allowed us to quantify the aging if the condensed phase through the evolution of its wetting properties
Durif, Emilien. "Caractérisation du couplage mécano-électrochimique en pointe de fissure lors de la fissuration assistée par corrosion sous contrainte : cas du Zircaloy-4 en milieu aqueux halogéné." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759340.
Full textVu, Ngoc Anh. "Requalification du comportement mécanique de poutres en béton précontraint dégradées par corrosion des armatures passives et actives." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000174/.
Full textThis work firstly proposes a global model of the behaviour of the prestressed concrete before and after cracking. After cracking, the model is based on the formulation of a beam Macro-Finis- Element (M. F. E. ) which corresponds to the distance between two bending cracks. Then, the fields of application is extended to the recalculation of corroded prestressed concrete. The corrosion of the passive reinforcing bars is taken into account in the formulation of the M. F. E in term of coupled effect of the reduction of the steel cross-section and the steel-concrete bond. Lastly, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of prestressing wires was studied. The facies of corrosion observed in the case of the SCC are very different from those usually observed during a classic corrosion. The effect of the SCC is integrated into the model in term of reduction of prestressing wires cross-section due to brittle fracture of one or more wire. In the case of unbonded prestressed concrete, a model which allows to recalculate the residual behavior of this structures is proposed. In the case of bonded prestressing concrete, the residual mechanical performances after failure of wire were experimentally studied. The results show that the location of the failure as well as the grout-wire bond properties have a considerable influence
Poitou, Benoît. "Analyse de la fissuration au voisinage d'une interface dans les matériaux fragiles : applications aux composites à matrice céramique et aux combustibles nucléaires." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13448.
Full textBerge-Gras, Rébécca. "Analyse expérimentale de la propagation de fissures dans des tôles minces en al-li par méthodes de champs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716429.
Full textBouami, Driss. "Étude de la diffraction par le bord de fissure de faisceau ultrasonore focalisé et applications dans les essais de la mécanique de la rupture." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE056.
Full textWe have developed and patented a new ultrasonic method which we have named MU3F (Measurements by Ultrasounds Focussed on Fatigue Fronts). It is based on the analysis of the evolution of the echo amplitude and/or of the position of echodynamic peak due to wave diffraction from a notch edge or a crack tip. With this method, we have realized the following applications : the early detection of fatigue crack initiation, the monitoring of fatigue crack propagation , the detection and measurement of crack opening and closure, the determination of the crack front even if it of a pronounced thumbnail shape ; the detection of crack blunting, the possibility of measuring the C. T. O. D. (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) can be intended ; the accurate detection of the initiation of ductile tearing in specimen under monotonic loading : this allows the accurate measurement of J1C ; the automatic monitoring of stable growth under fixed displacement, the curve JR can be determined until large Crack Opening Displacements (C. O. D. ). However, previously, in order to choose a good technical configuration and to improve the sensitivity and the accuracy of the method we proposed, we have carried out many experimental studies : studies of the influences, on the shape of the echodynamic peaks, exercised by the orientations of the focussed ultrasonic beam with respect to the crack plane and its front , the focussed beam characteristics (convergence angle, frequency and focal zone diameter). With the intention of understanding this phenomenon in order to exploit it efficaciously and to explain some of its appearances we have realized two bibliographical studies as completely as possible : study of the different aspects of wave tip diffraction ; study of the main theories and theoretical models of diffraction. Furthermore, in order to compare the method we proposed to the existing others used for the same applications, we have carried out a bibliographical study on those methods
Comby, peyrot Isabelle. "Développement et Validation d'un Outil Numérique Tridimensionnel pour décrire l'Endommagement et la Fissuration causés par la Réaction Alcali-Silice dans les Structures en Béton." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002096.
Full textRoucou, David. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement à la déchirure de matériaux élastomères endommagés par chargements multiaxiaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0001.
Full textRubber-like materials are currently used in machine design for suspension or connection functions, such as pneumatic tyres. The elastomers of interest are reinforced by carbon-black particles. The addition of these particles improves mechanical properties such as stiffness and abrasion resistance. However, it also leads to undesired strong softening of these materials, commonly known as Mullins effect, when first stretched. Elastomers can be submitted to extreme loading conditions according to the applications, generating critical crack propagation.This works studies the impact of softening caused by Mullins effect on crack propagation in filled rubbers submitted to monotonic loading.Some early experimental results point out the difficulties to characterize a crack propagation criterion. A local analysis is developed, allowing to study the highly heterogeneous strain fields witnessed when loading notched specimens. These observations lead to the validation of assumptions, which enable to calculate the strain energy release rate that characterizes the crack propagation. An experimental campaign was then performed to evaluate the impact of various preloads on crack propagation in a carbon-black filled rubber. In order to explain some of the results obtained, the theoretical global energy balance when the crack propagation occurs was revisited in order to take into account the dissipation caused by the Mullins softening. Finally, the experimental measures of local strain were used to complete the energy balance and characterize the localized energy dissipation due to Mullins effect
Jiang, Li. "Calcul en fatigue des ouvrages métalliques par la mécanique de la rupture (approche probabiliste)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569145.
Full textTheodore, Fred. "Préformage de monocristaux de saphir optique : optimisation de la croissance hors fissuration par simulation numérique du problème thermomécanique." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0100.
Full textMilanese, Julien. "Rupture intergranulaire assistée par l'oxydation et corrosion sous contrainte de produits minces en alliage 718 : rôle de la microstructure et de la chimie des joints de grains." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0054.
Full textDue to its good resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), some of the components of nuclear assemblies of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) are made of alloy 718. Nevertheless, the current trend is increasing the liability and the safety of nuclear plants and needs a further understanding of the SCC mechanism of the material. Framatome is also considering a modification of the processing route of the strips used for the manufacturing of these components in order to improve the SCC resistance of the alloy 718. To better understand the SCC mechanism and support the solution undertaken, the influence of the metallurgical state on the damaging process must be investigated. The influences of the precipitation of phase and cold working on the susceptibility to intergranular cracking of the alloy were examined and the deformation mechanism at grain boundaries identified. It was shown that these two features were beneficial and improve the cracking resistance of the alloy but could not provide full desensitization when taken separately. Furthermore, grain boundary sliding was identified on the material susceptible to SCC whereas it is partially suppressed on the resistant one. From these observations, a mechanism for the initiation of intergranular cracks based on grain boundary sliding has been proposed. This work is a valuable contribution for the better understanding of the SCC mechanism of the alloy 718 and provides an explanation to the higher cracking resistance of the material derived from the new processing route. In addition, the relevance of the industrial solution to suit the problematic encountered was put forward
Le, Hoai Nam. "Etude de la propagation d'une fissure sous chargement thermique cyclique induisant un gradient de température dans l'épaisseur." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESMA0008.
Full textThis study aims to figure out the crack growth phenomenon by thermal fatigue induced by thermal gradient through thickness of specimen. Firstly, an experimental facility has been developed: a rectangular parallelepiped specimen is subjected to thermal cycling between 350°C and 100°C; the specimen is freed to expand and contract. Two semi-circular notches (0,1mm depth and 4mm length) have been machined on the surface of the specimen. A series of interrupted tests has been carried out to characterize and quantify the crack growth in depth and surface of the pre-existing crack. Next, a three-dimensional crack growth simulation has been implemented in ABAQUS. Automation using Python was used to simulate the propagation of a crack under thermal cycling, with remeshing at crack front after each calculation step. No assumption has been taken on the crack front during the crack propagation. A comparison with test results showed very good agreement on the evolution of crack front shape and on the kinetics of propagation on the edge and the heart of pre-existing crack. An analytical approach was also developed based on the calculation of stress intensity factors (SIC). A two-dimensional approach was first introduced enabling us to better understand the influence of various thermal and geometric parameters. Finally, a three-dimensional approach, with an elliptical assumption crack shape during the propagation, leading to a prediction of crack growth on the surface and in depth which is very similar to that obtained numerically, but with computational time much lower
Roucou, David. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement à la déchirure de matériaux élastomères endommagés par chargements multiaxiaux." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0001.
Full textRubber-like materials are currently used in machine design for suspension or connection functions, such as pneumatic tyres. The elastomers of interest are reinforced by carbon-black particles. The addition of these particles improves mechanical properties such as stiffness and abrasion resistance. However, it also leads to undesired strong softening of these materials, commonly known as Mullins effect, when first stretched. Elastomers can be submitted to extreme loading conditions according to the applications, generating critical crack propagation.This works studies the impact of softening caused by Mullins effect on crack propagation in filled rubbers submitted to monotonic loading.Some early experimental results point out the difficulties to characterize a crack propagation criterion. A local analysis is developed, allowing to study the highly heterogeneous strain fields witnessed when loading notched specimens. These observations lead to the validation of assumptions, which enable to calculate the strain energy release rate that characterizes the crack propagation. An experimental campaign was then performed to evaluate the impact of various preloads on crack propagation in a carbon-black filled rubber. In order to explain some of the results obtained, the theoretical global energy balance when the crack propagation occurs was revisited in order to take into account the dissipation caused by the Mullins softening. Finally, the experimental measures of local strain were used to complete the energy balance and characterize the localized energy dissipation due to Mullins effect
Françon, Virginie. "Corrosion sous contrainte par l’iode des alliages de zirconium : étude des paramètres critiques pour l’amorçage intergranulaire et la transition inter/transgranulaire." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0046.
Full textIodine-induced stress corrosion cracking (I-SCC) is one of the potential failure modes of zirconium alloy fuel claddings during power transients in nuclear reactors. I-SCC failures are usually described in three steps: initiation of cracks, intergranular development and transgranular propagation. The objective of this work is to identify critical parameters controlling transitions between crack propagation modes. First of all, experiments conducted on Zircaloy samples with various surface conditions and metallurgical states lead to discriminate the influence of several parameters responsible for cracks initiation. The critical role of residual stresses level, their distribution at the subsurface and their evolution in the bulk of the material is evidenced. Sensitivity to I-SSC is not directly correlated to surface roughness. However, dispersion in roughness parameters indicates the presence of surface irregularities, heterogeneities of residual stresses and the existence of surface areas where residual stresses are less protective. In a second step, Zircaloy-4 samples with various strain-hardening pre-treatments are submitted to constant load tests in an iodine methanol solution. Microstructural modifications induced by a strain-hardening pre-treatment enhance transgranular propagation of I-SCC cracks. TEM observations of fracture surfaces show that the intergranular to transgranular crack transition takes place preferentially where the relative crystallographic orientation is large between two adjacent grains, because of local stress concentrations resulting from strain incompatibilities between neighbouring grains
Ben, Ali Neji. "Caractérisation et modélisation micromécanique de la propagation de fissures fragiles par effet de l'hydrogène dans les alliages AA 7xxx." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648428.
Full textLoukil, Mohamed Sahbi. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de la fissuration intralaminaire dans les composites à hautes performances." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0153/document.
Full textThe macroscopic failure of composite laminates subjected to tensile increasing load is preceded by initiation and evolution of several microdamage modes. The most common damage mode and the one examined in this thesis is intralaminar cracking in layers. Due to this kind of microdamage the laminate undergoes stiffness reduction when loaded in tension. The degradation of the elastic properties of these materials is caused by reduced stress in the damaged layer which is mainly due to two parameters: crack opening displacement (COD) and crack sliding displacement (CSD). The first objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of crack interaction on COD using FEM and to describe the identified dependence on crack density in a simple and accurate form by introducing an interaction function dependent on crack density. The application of this function to more complex laminate lay-ups is demonstrated. All these calculations are performed assuming that cracks are equidistant. Using FEM, we assume linear elastic material with ideal crack geometry. Fiber bridging over the crack surface is possible which can affect COD and CSD. The only correct way to validate these assumptions is through experiments. The second objective is to measure these parameters for different laminate lay-ups in this way providing models with valuable information for validation of used assumptions and for defining limits of their application. In particular, the displacement field on the edge of a [90/0]s and [903/0]s carbon fiber/epoxy laminates specimens with multiple intralaminar cracks in the surface layer is studied
Magnier, Vincent. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle par éléments finis enrichis pour le calcul de singularités de délaminage et à la jonction de matériaux anisotropes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10083/document.
Full textMaterial and/or geometry discontinuities can cause concentrations of stress. This stress can be harmful to the strength of the structure. Indeed, the state of stress in these areas can be singular. This kind of stress, called "overstress", can be modeled in practice by regular three-dimensional finite element, unless very finely meshed. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a numerical method in two steps. The first determines the singularity order and the mode fracture. The second step is to include these results in a description of the mechanical fields prevailing in the structure to obtain complete information on the initiation of the crack via a rule of connection. This connection was implemented in a finite element mixed formulation named "Metis" and a finite element displacement formulation. The proposed technique has been extended for all given singularity order. So, this technique can resolve any problems like free-edge or V-notch at the junction of several anisotropic materials with great precision. The dual analysis of a problem with these two types of formulations provides a posteriori error. Numerical applications for calculation of stress intensity factors and singularity order validate the proposed method on examples from literature. The results show a good consistency and good accuracy. Moreover, these methods require only low CPU time
Ivanova, Ivelina. "Comportement mécanique de console courte en béton armé renforcée ou réparée par collage des matériaux composites." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS033/document.
Full textThis study deals with mechanical behaviour of strengthening reinforced concrete corbel by bonding carbon fibre sheet and in particular the influence of the number of layers of carbon fiber fabric, the type of strengthening, the orientation of the composite fabric and the type of carbon fiber fabrics .The results show that the performance of the corbel does not increase linearly with the thickness of the composite plate. There is an optimum thickness of the carbon fiber fabrics. In the case of strengthening on both sides of the concrete, there are an optimum number of layers. In the case of fully wrapped strengthening, the most interesting thickness of the composite is three layers. However, the resistance of the strengthening reinforced concrete corbel depends strongly on the bonded surface.The results also show that the behavior of strengthening corbel can be presented in three phases: the overall elastic phase, the phase of crack propagation and the phase of the opening of diagonal cracks. Strengthening the corbel can significantly increase the ultimate strength from 20% to 82 % and the stiffness of the corbel. The failure of the strengthening corbel can be summarized in five modes.Based on the results obtained and the existing models, the ultimate strength of the strengthening corbel or without strengthening, was estimated and analyzed. A model based on damage theory has been developed in this work. The effect of fatigue on the behavior and ultimate strength of the reinforced concrete corbel has also been studied
Cherfaoui, Mohammed. "Étude de l'émission acoustique associée à l'endommagement en fatigue des matériaux sous sollicitations cycliques et par blocs programmés." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD011.
Full textBourbita, Faten. "Comportement en fatigue anisotherme des composites unidirectionnels à matrice titane renforcée par des fibres de carbure de silicium." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00712981.
Full textRoger, Julien. "On the investigation of experimental and numerical methods to characterise the fracture behaviour of epoxy resins : an approach to prevent failure in electronic component." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/48ed864b-bebe-4a91-9c81-ed5526bb2924.
Full textLa fiabilité des composants électroniques est parfois détériorée à cause de la propagation de fissures dans les matériaux de protection. Pour anticiper les risques de rupture et améliorer la durée de vie de ces structures, des méthodes expérimentales et numériques sont développées dans le cadre de la mécanique de la rupture linéaire élastique. La présente étude propose d’appliquer ces techniques aux résines époxy. Une procédure expérimentale est mise en place afin de caractériser la ténacité de résines époxy. La dispersion du test est évaluée avec une méthode statistique basée sur une distribution de Weibull. Cette technique permet une comparaison entre différents types de résines (chargées ou non chargées). Une méthode est ensuite proposée pour déterminer un critère de rupture pour les fissures sous chargement de mode mixte. Une analyse numérique, basée sur un code éléments finis, est utilisée pour calculer la direction de propagation. Une comparaison entre résultats numériques et expérimentaux confirme la capacité du code EF à prédire un chemin de fissuration incurvé. En outre, l’analyse de propagation de fissure en fatigue découle de résultats expérimentaux réalisés sur des éprouvettes Compact Tension (CT) soumises à un chargement cyclique en traction. Les paramètres matériaux sont extraits suivant une loi de type Paris. A l’aide du logiciel Zencrack, une propagation de fissure en 3D peut être simulée via une approche séquentielle, durant laquelle la fissure est propagée pas-à-pas. L’influence de la géométrie du front de fissure sur les prédictions numériques est mise en évidence. Les résultats numériques présentés sont en bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux
Bost, Marion. "Altération par le gel des massifs rocheux : Etude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération des contraintes dans les fissures." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360420.
Full textBenrefad, Kacem. "Propagation des fissures de fatigue dans des alliages d'aluminium 7475 élaborés par métallurgie des poudres (P/M)." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE051.
Full textTang, Sui. "Étude de l'endommagement sous sollicitations monotone et cyclique de matériaux composites à matrices 2024 A1 et 2124 A1 renforcées par des fibres SiCw." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPI284.
Full textStanic, Andjelka. "Solution methods for failure analysis of massive structural elements." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2383/document.
Full textThe thesis studies: the methods for failure analysis of solids and structures, and the embedded strong discontinuity finite elements for modelling material failures in quasi brittle 2d solids. As for the failure analysis, the consistently linearized path-following method with quadratic constraint equation is first presented and studied in detail. The derived path-following method can be applied in the nonlinear finite element analysis of solids and structures in order to compute a highly nonlinear solution path. However, when analysing the nonlinear problems with the localized material failures (i.e. materialsoftening), standard path-following methods can fail. For this reason we derived new versions of the pathfollowing method, with other constraint functions, more suited for problems that take into account localized material failures. One version is based on adaptive one-degree-of-freedom constraint equation, which proved to be relatively successful in analysing problems with the material softening that are modelled by the embedded-discontinuity finite elements. The other versions are based on controlling incremental plastic dissipation or plastic work in an inelastic structure. The dissipation due to crack opening and propagation, computed by e.g. embedded discontinuity finite elements, is taken into account. The advantages and disadvantages of the presented path-following methods with different constraint equations are discussed and illustrated on a set of numerical examples. As for the modelling material failures in quasi brittle 2d solids (e.g. concrete), several embedded strong discontinuity finite element formulations are derived and studied. The considered formulations are based either on: (a) classical displacement-based isoparametric quadrilateral finite element or (b) on quadrilateral finite element enhanced with incompatible displacements. In order to describe a crack formation and opening, the element kinematics is enhanced by four basic separation modes and related kinematic parameters. The interpolation functions that describe enhanced kinematics have a jump in displacements along the crack. Two possibilities were studied for deriving the operators in the local equilibrium equations that are responsible for relating the bulk stresses with the tractions in the crack. For the crack embedment, the major-principle-stress criterion was used, which is suitable for the quasi brittle materials. The normal and tangential cohesion tractions in the crack are described by two uncoupled, nonassociative damage-softening constitutive relations. A new crack tracing algorithm is proposed for computation of crack propagation through the mesh. It allows for crack formation in several elements in a single solution increment. Results of a set of numerical examples are provided in order to assess the performance of derived embedded strong discontinuity quadrilateral finite element formulations, the crack tracing algorithm, and the solution methods
Doktorska disertacija obravnava: (i) metode za porušno analizo trdnih teles in konstrukcij, ter (ii) končne elemente z vgrajeno močno nezveznostjo za modeliranje materialne porušitve v kvazi krhkih 2d trdnih telesih. Za porušno analizo smo najprej preučili konsistentno linearizirano metodo sledenja ravnotežne poti skvadratno vezno enačbo (metoda krožnega loka). Metoda omogoča izračun analize nelinearnih modelov, ki imajo izrazito nelinearno ravnotežno pot. Kljub temu standardne metode sledenja poti lahko odpovedo,kadar analiziramo nelinearne probleme z lokalizirano materialno porušitvijo (mehčanje materiala). Zatosmo izpeljali nove različice metode sledenja poti z drugimi veznimi enačbami, ki so bolj primerne zaprobleme z lokalizirano porušitvijo materiala. Ena različica temelji na adaptivni vezni enačbi, pri katerivodimo izbrano prostostno stopnjo. Izkazalo se je, da je metoda relativno uspešna pri analizi problemov zmaterialnim mehčanjem, ki so modelirani s končnimi elementi z vgrajeno nezveznostjo. Druge različicetemeljijo na kontroli plastične disipacije ali plastičnega dela v neelastičnem trdnem telesu ali konstrukciji.Upoštevana je tudi disipacija zaradi širjenja razpok v elementih z vgrajeno nezveznostjo. Prednosti inslabosti predstavljenih metod sledenja ravnotežnih poti z različnimi veznimi enačbami so predstavljeni naštevilnih numeričnih primerih. Za modeliranje porušitve materiala v kvazi krhkih 2d trdnih telesih (npr. betonskih) smo izpeljali različne formulacije končnih elementov z vgrajeno močno nezveznostjo v pomikih. Obravnavane formulacije temeljijo bodisi (a) na klasičnem izoparametričnem štirikotnem končnem elementu bodisi (b) na štirikotnem končnem elementu, ki je izboljšan z nekompatibilnimi oblikami za pomike. Nastanek in širjenje razpoke opišemo tako, da kinematiko v elementu dopolnimo s štirimi osnovnimi oblikami širjenja razpoke in pripadajočimi kinematičnimi parametri. Interpolacijske funkcije, ki opisujejo izboljšano kinematiko, zajemajo skoke v pomikih vzdolž razpoke. Obravnavali smo dva načina izpeljave operatorjev, ki nastopajo v lokalni ravnotežni enačbi in povezujejo napetosti v končnem elementu z napetostmi na vgrajeni nezveznosti. Kriterij za vstavitev nezveznosti (razpoke) temelji na kriteriju največje glavne napetosti in je primeren za krhke materiale. Normalne in tangentne kohezijske napetosti v razpoki opišemo z dvema nepovezanima, poškodbenima konstitutivnima zakonoma za mehčanje. Predlagamo novi algoritem za sledenje razpoki za izračun širjenja razpoke v mreži končnih elementov. Algoritem omogoča formacijo razpok v več končnih elementih v enem obtežnem koraku. Izračunali smo številne numerične primere, da bi ocenili delovanje izpeljanih formulacij štirikotnih končnih elementov z vgrajeno nezveznostjo in algoritma za sledenje razpoki kot tudi delovanje metod sledenja ravnotežnih poti
Bensussan, Philippe. "Approches mécaniques globale et locale de l'amorçage et de la propagation de fissures par fluage dans l'alliage léger aluminium-cuivre 2219." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112360.
Full textAn experimental and theoretical study of creep crack initiation and growth in 2219 aluminum-copper allow at 150-200°C is presented. The application of “Global Approach” methodologies based on elasto-viscoplastic fracture mechanics concepts has led to the introduction of load parameters such as K, J, C*… in order to establish eventual unique correlations with the times to initiation and the crack growth rates. These approaches are shown to be of very limited practical use since fracture mechanics cannot provide unique correlations in all the stages of creep cracking. “Local Approach” methodologies have thus been extended to creep cracking. These latter methodologies rely on damage models, on the one hand, and ion crack tip stress and strain fields, on the other hand. The application of local approach methodologies is clearly shown to be very promising, although additional tests and finite element simulations must be performed, on round notched specimens for example, in order to determine multiaxial constitutive and damage laws
Amoura, Nasreddine. "Identification et caractérisation des défauts en milieux axisymétriques par la méthode des équations intégrales duales." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1886.
Full textMany components used in industrial applications can be simulated as axisymmetric media. In situ, and throughout their lifespan, they undergo non destructive tests to detect any flaws or cracks. Ultrasonic, Eddy current, flux leakage or x-ray tests are quite expensive and resources intensive, yet they don’t yield an exact location of the defects. In these methods a specific field is applied to the component in question and a set of sensors, meticulously placed, measure the response. In other techniques, it is possible to measure static response, steady state or transient response and eigenfrequencies. If this information is used in a numerical technique, a more accurate identity for the defect could be produced. Problems dealing with this information are known as inverse identification techniques. Prolific research activity has seen the light dealing with the numerical simulation of inverse problems of cracks identification especially in mechanical structures by the means of boundary elements. In this context, the present work aims at the development of a robust method for the identification and the characterization of cracks in axisymmetric structures. The dual boundary element method is used to solve the direct problem followed by a coupled quasi-random sequence and the simplex algorithm. This allows the minimization of the cost function, which is expressed as the difference between strains at the boundary sensor points, in the guessed crack shape, and the ones measured in the actual crack identity. A closed loop process that uses the initial measures that are randomly disturbed and the residual norm is regularized to provide an efficient and numerically stable algorithm that leads to a stabilized solution. The quality of the results and the interesting performances in terms of computing time make the coupled SQA-simplex algorithm, a well adapted approach to axisymmetric crack identification problems
Malheiros, Livia Cupertino. "Study of Structure, Hydrogen Diffusion and Trapping, Plasticity and Fracture towards the Comprehension of Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking of High-Strength Low-Alloy Martensitic Steels." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS022.
Full textThe challenge of developing steels for sour service oil country tubular goods (OCTG) with mechanical strengthhigher and higher maintaining a sufficient resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) motivates this researchtowards a better understanding of the hydrogen embrittlement of low-alloy tempered martensitic steels. Structuralcharacterization is performed by multiple techniques including SEM-EBSD, TEM, DSC, synchrotron andconventional XRD. The results are related to diffusion and trapping parameters from electrochemical permeation(EP) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), being mostly discussed in terms of dislocation density, vacancyconcentration, yield strength, composition and tempering temperature for ten martensitic steels. Tensile, loadingunloadingand stress-relaxation tests are completed without hydrogen, after hydrogen pre-charging and desorption,and under hydrogen flux to evaluate the impact of hydrogen trapping and mobility on the hydrogen-plasticityinteractions. For the test under hydrogen flux, an electrochemical permeation cell is built on a mechanical testingmachine, which allows continuous monitoring of the global hydrogen flux and mechanical loading during thetensile test of notched and unnotched specimens. By varying the notch geometries and the cathodic polarizationcurrent densities, we tested the susceptibility of the steels to hydrogen-assisted cracking under various intensitiesof hydrogen flux and concentration for several mechanical states. Tests on pre-charged specimens revealed thatdeeply trapped hydrogen has a minor impact on the mechanical behavior and fracture, whereas mobile hydrogenleads to brittle quasi-cleavage fracture at the hydrogen entry surfaces. The permeation test under tensile loadingresults are incorporated into finite elements modelling (FEM). Macroscopic and local (from FEM) conditions forthe development of hydrogen-assisted quasi-cleavage fracture are evaluated, as well as the sensitivity of thesethreshold conditions (stress, plastic strain, hydrogen flux and concentration) to the severity of the applied cathodicpolarization
Gao, Xiaofeng. "Modèle pour la prévision de la résistance nominale des matériaux quasi-fragiles : application à la modélisation de l'endommagement et de la rupture des enrobés bitumineux sous sollicitations de fatigue par la méthode des éléments discrets." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD007/document.
Full textThe prediction of the fatigue life and the rupture of structures made of quasi-brittle materials requires the development of new theoretical and numerical models. In this work, the modelling of the crack initiation and propagation under monotonic loading is firstly investigated. A size effect model for cracked structures and its generalized form for structures with defects more complex than a crack are developed. The predictions of the proposed model are compared with experimental results from the literature for various specimens of different materials and sizes. Samples with initial V-shaped and hole-shaped defects exemplify the formulation's capabilities. Then, the damage and cracking induced by cyclic fatigue loads is discussed. A local model using discrete elements is developed, that allows the coupling of two mechanisms (damage and fatigue cracking). The numerical results are compared to those of experimental bending fatigue tests. Finally, applications associated with the behavior of fiber glass reinforced asphalt concrete are analyzed in detail