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1
Exell, Timothy. "Lower-limb biomechanical asymmetry in maximal velocity sprint running." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/2556.
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Biomechanical asymmetry analyses have provided valuable insight into submaximal running and walking gait. Knowledge of asymmetry in sprint running is limited due to traditional unilateral methods of data collection. The overall aim of this research was to develop insight into kinematic and kinetic asymmetry in sprint running, with the purpose of informing future research specifically into maximal velocity sprint running. Asymmetry was quantified for a group of trained sprint runners (mean velocity = 9.03 m∙s-1) using an existing symmetry angle (θSYM) measure. Biomechanical methods were developed to maximise the collection of kinematic data utilising both marker-based and non-intrusive techniques, and kinetic data using multiple force plates. Calculations were extended, to build on the θSYM, and used for quantifying overall kinematic and kinetic asymmetry for individual athletes. Novel asymmetry scores were developed that incorporated the previously negated consideration of intra-limb variability. The interaction of kinematic and kinetic asymmetry was compared for a range of sprint runners using the newly created asymmetry scores. θSYM values were larger for key kinematic variables than step characteristics; values of 6.7% and 1.7% were reported for touchdown distance and step frequency, respectively. The largest asymmetry values were kinetic, with some θSYM values exceeding 90%. The magnitude of asymmetry and variables that displayed significant asymmetry varied on an inter-athlete basis. Kinematic and kinetic asymmetry scores developed within this research ranged from 4.5 to 27.6 and 6.3 to 28.7, respectively; however, no consistent relationship between kinematic and kinetic asymmetry was found. Compensatory kinetic mechanisms may serve to reduce the effects of asymmetry on step characteristics and the performance outcome of step velocity. The novel bilateral analyses performed in this research identified the presence of asymmetry, indicating that unilateral analyses of sprint running may lead to important information being overlooked.
2
Switalla, Jonathan R. "A Non-Exercise Based Estimation of the Critical Running Velocity and Anaerobic Running Capacity in Competitive Runners." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/36.
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This study examined: 1) if estimated performance times (ETcom) at four different distances can be used to accurately define the parameters of the critical velocity (CV) test [CV and anaerobic running capacity (ARC)]; and 2) if those parameters can be used to predict time to completion (PTcom) of distances performed at velocities greater than CV. Twelve subjects provided an ETcom for maximal-effort runs at 400m, 800m, 1600m, and 3200m. The CV and ARC were derived from the total distance (TD) versus ETcom relationship. The equation: PTcom = ARC / (velocity-CV) was used to determine the PTcom for runs at 200m, 600m, and 1000m. The PTcom was validated against the actual time to complete (ATcom) runs at the same three distances. The TD versus ETcom relationship was highly linear and indicated a close relationship between running distance and time. The PTcom overestimated the ATcom at 200m, but was not different from ATcom at 600m and 1000m. The PTcom and ATcom were not related at any of the three distances. The CV model could be applied to estimated performance times to derive the CV and ARC parameters, but the parameters of the test did not accurately estimate performance times above CV.
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Burt, Shane E. (Shane Eugen). "Responses During Exercise at 90% and 100% of the Running Velocity Associated with VO2max (vVO2max)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278820/.
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Six male long-distance runners participated in this study to evaluate the responses to exercise at 90% and 100% vV02max. Subjects participated in five maximal exercise
tests: one incremental, three tests at 90% vV02max, and one test at 100% vV02max. The results of this study demonstrate that V02max can be elicited in a constant-velocity test at 90% vV02max.
4
Voth, Nicholas. "Validity of a Field-Based Critical Velocity Test on Predicting 5,000-Meter Running Performance." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu155838890107422.
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Faccioni, Adrian, and n/a. "Relationships between selected speed strength performance tests and temporal variables of maximal running velocity." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060707.160114.
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The relationships between selected sprint specific bounding exercises and sprint
performance were analysed using fourteen sprint athletes (7 elite performers, 7 sub-elite
performers). Subjects were required to perform sprints over 60m, Counter Movement
Jumps with and without loading (20kg), High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding over 30m
and High Speed Single Leg Hopping over 20m. All athletes were subject to
anthropometric measurement (Height, Weight and Leg Length). Of all variables
measured, the Elite group were significantly better (p<0.001) in Counter Movement
Jump, Time to 60m, Time from 30m to 60m and in their Maximal Running Velocity.
Linear regressions were carried out on all variables that correlated with Time to 30m
(Acceleration Phase) and Maximal Running Velocity at both the pO.OOl and p<0.01
level of significance. This allowed several prediction tables to be compiled that had
performance measures (sprints and jumps) that could be used as testing measures for
sprint athletes to determine their Acceleration Phase and Maximal Running Velocity. A
stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that Time to 60m was the best predictor of
Maximal Running Velocity. Time to 60m, Leg length, High Speed Alternate Leg
Bounding and Sprint Stride Rate were the best predictors of the Acceleration Phase. A
Stepwise cross-validation linear discriminant function analysis was used to determine the
best predictors from both sprint and jump measures that would distinguish an athlete as
an elite or sub-elite performer. From sprint variables, Time to 60m and Time to 30m were
the two variables that best placed a sprint subject in either the Elite or Sub-elite group.
From the bounding variables, Counter Movement Jump and the Ground Contact Time of
the High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding were the two variables that best placed a sprint
subject in either the Elite or Sub-elite group. The present study suggests that Time to 60m
is the best predictor of Maximal Running Velocity and Acceleration Phase. Counter
Movement Jumping and High speed Alternate Leg Bounding are also useful tools in
developing and testing elite sprint athlete performance.
6
Bradshaw, Elizabeth J., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Information-based regulation of high-velocity foot-targeting tasks." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.114057.
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Judging time-to-contact with a target is an important criterion for avoiding harm in everyday walking and running tasks, and maximizing performance in high-velocity sporting tasks. The information-based regulation of step length and duration during target-directed locomotion was examined in relation to gait mode, approach velocity, target task, expertise, and sporting performance during a series of four experiments. The first three experiments examined novice performers (Each n=12, 6 males, 6 females), whilst the last experiment examined expert gymnasts (n=5). Two reference strips with alternating 50cm black and white intervals were placed on either side of the approach strip for all of the experiments. One 50Hz-panning video camera filmed the approach from an elevated position. In Experiment 4, two stationary 250Hz cameras filmed the post-flight performance of the gymnastic vaults and, in addition, two qualified judges provided a performance score for each vaulting trial. The panning video footage in each experiment was digitized to deduce the gait characteristics. In Experiment 4, the high-speed video footage was analyzed three-dimensionally to obtain the performance measures such as post-flight height. The utilization of visual stimulus in target-directed locomotion is affected by the observer's state of motion as characterized by the mode of locomotion and also often the speed of locomotion. In addition, experience plays an important role in the capacity of the observer to utilize visual stimulus to control the muscular action of locomotion when either maintaining or adjusting the step mechanics. The characteristics of the terrain and the target also affect the observer's movement. Visual regulation of step length decreases at higher approach speeds in novice performers, where as expert performers are capable of increasing visual regulation at higher approach speeds. Conservatism in final foot placement by female participants accounts for the observed increase in distance from the critical boundary of the
obstacle relative to toe placement. Behavioural effects of gender thus affect the control of final foot placement in obstacle-directed locomotion. The visual control of braking in target-directed locomotion is described by a tau-dot of-0.54. When tau-dot is below -0.54 a hard collision with the obstacle will occur, however, when tau-dot is above -0.54, a soft collision with the target will occur. It is suggested that the tau-dot margin defining the control of braking reveals the braking capacity of the system. In the target-directed locomotion examined a tau-dot greater than -0.70 would possibly exceed the braking capacity of the system, thus, leading to injury if performed. The approach towards the take-off board and vaulting horse in gymnastics is an example of target-directed locomotion in sport. Increased visual regulation of the timing and length of each step is a requirement for a fast running approach, a fundamental building block for the execution of complex vaults in gymnastics. The successful performance of complex vaults in gymnastics leads towards a higher judge's score. Future research suggestions include an investigation of visual regulation of step length in curved target-directed locomotion.
7
Ehler, Karen. "The Significance of Time to Exhaustion at the Velocity at VO2Max." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278993/.
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There were two primary goals in this investigation. The first goal was to determine if inter-individual variability in time to exhaustion at the velocity associated with V02max (Tlim at Vmax) was explained by anaerobic capacity (AC), Vmax, anaerobic threshold (AT), and/or a combination variable in the form [AC • (Vmax - vAT)^-1]. The second goal was to determine if AC could be predicted from Tlim at Vmax, AT, and/or a combination variable in the form [Tlim • (Vmax - vAT)].
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Beechko, Alexander Nicholas. "Effects of Life-Long Wheel Running Behavior on Plantar Flexor Contractile Properties." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/849.
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Aging in skeletal muscle is characterized by a loss in muscular performance. This is in part related to the direct loss of muscle mass due to senescence, known as sarcopenia. With age, skeletal muscles lose force production, contractile speed, and power production. The force velocity relationship of muscle is a product of force production and contraction speed, both of which decline with age; however, the mechanisms and trajectory of this decline are not well understood. Exercise has positive effects on muscle, and thus may assist in maintaining performance in old age. However, few long-term studies have been performed to examine the effects of life-long exercise on muscle contractile performance. In order to test the potential for life-long exercise to reduce the effects of again on muscle contractile performance, muscle performance was determined in control mice and mice selected for high voluntary wheel running at baseline, adult, and old ages. Peak isometric force declined with age in control (C) mice without exercise (P
9
Bialecki, Adam. "Pre-exercise carbohydrate supplementation effects on intermittent critical velocity, anaerobic running capacity, and critical rest intervals." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499181831180302.
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Broxterman, Ryan M. "A single test for the determination of the velocity: time-to-exhaustion relationship." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8768.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Kinesiology
Thomas J. Barstow
Purpose: To determine if a single test is accurate in determining the parameters of the velocity: time-to-fatigue relationship, i.e., critical velocity (CV) and a finite distance that can be covered above CV (D`). Methods: Ten healthy subjects completed an incremental test to volitional exhaustion followed by four constant-velocity runs on a treadmill for the determination of CV and D`, as well as an all-out 3-minute test on a track for the determination of end-test velocity (EV) and the distance above end-test velocity (DEV). Eight of the eleven subjects completed a second 3-minute test and one run each at (+) and (-) 95% confidence interval velocities of CV determined from the 1/time model. Results: The group mean 1/time model CV (12.8 ± 2.5 km·h[superscript]-1) was significantly greater than the velocity-time model CV (12.3 ± 2.4 km·h[superscript]-1; P < 0.05), while the velocity-time model W` (285 ± 106 m) was greater than the 1/time model W` (220 ± 112 m; P < 0.05). EV (13.0 ± 2.7 km·h[superscript]-1) and DEV (151 ± 45 m) were not significantly different than the 1/time model CV and W`, respectively. EV was greater than the velocity-time model CV (P < 0.05), while the DEV was significantly less than the velocity-time model W` (P = 0.002). No difference was found for group mean EV or DEV between the two 3-minute tests (P > 0.05), which demonstrated a reliability coefficient of 0.85 for EV and 0.32 for DEV. For the CV (-) 95% run, all subjects reached a steady-state in VO[subscript]2, and completed 900 s of exercise. However, for the CV (+) 95% run, VO[subscript]2 never reached a steady-state, but increased until termination of exercise at 643 ± 213 s with a VO[subscript]2peak close to but significantly lower than VO[subscript]2max (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CV can be accurately determined using a single 3-minute test, while W` is underestimated with this protocol.
11
Lane, William Todd. "Effects of dynamic, static stretch, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on running velocity, step length, and step rate." Click here to access thesis, 2005. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2005/todd%5Fw%5Flane/lane%5Ftodd%5Fw%5F200508%5FMS.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2005."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Public Health" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-41) and appendices.
12
Galosky, Micaela A. "The Effect of Music Cadence on Step Frequency in the Recreational Runner." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5219.
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Music appears to have advantageous effects during exercise as it has been shown to increase motivation, decrease ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and improve exercise performance. The improvement of running performance in particular, is the main effect recreational runners want to focus on as many want to improve their time in road races. Running velocity, indicated by a faster time to completion is thought to improve with an increase in step frequency, step length, or a combination of these variables. Currently, there is limited research that observes methods to help increase step frequency or step length. The manipulation of music cadence may be considered an effective training method that influences step frequency. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of music cadence on step frequency in the recreational runner.
A total of 30 recreational runners (15 male, 15 female) with a mean age of 31.0 ± 5.8 (range= 20-39), a BMI of 24.0 ± 3.3 (range= 19-32), and an estimated VO2 max of 49.6 ± 5.4 (range= 41-60) participated in this study. Individually, runners completed four 1600-meter time trials on an outdoor track at maximal effort. The first trial was a familiarization trial where participants ran 1600 meters with no music. Two music conditions were then created for each runner based on their natural step frequency obtained during the familiarization trial. The first condition represented music at natural step cadence and the second condition represented music at increased step cadence. The next three 1600 meter time trials were randomized and included a control condition of no music, a natural cadence music condition at the runner's natural step frequency, and an increased cadence music condition of 10-20 beats per minute (bpm) above the natural cadence music condition.
Results indicated that step frequency was significantly higher during the increased cadence music condition compared to both the natural cadence music and no music conditions (p < 0.05). Additionally, time to completion was significantly lower in the increased cadence music condition compared to both the natural cadence music and no music conditions (p < 0.05). Lastly, there was no significant difference in step length among music conditions. These results indicate that music cadence had a positive influence on running performance as it was able to increase step frequency and improve time to completion in a group of recreational runners. Therefore, for practical application, recreational runners can alter music cadence to help improve running performance.
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Mitschke, Christian, Pierre Kiesewetter, and Thomas L. Milani. "The Effect of the Accelerometer Operating Range on Biomechanical Parameters: Stride Length, Velocity, and Peak Tibial Acceleration during Running." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-232621.
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Previous studies have used accelerometers with various operating ranges (ORs) when measuring biomechanical parameters. However, it is still unclear whether ORs influence the accuracy of running parameters, and whether the different stiffnesses of footwear midsoles influence this accuracy. The purpose of the present study was to systematically investigate the influence of OR on the accuracy of stride length, running velocity, and on peak tibial acceleration. Twenty-one recreational heel strike runners ran on a 15-m indoor track at self-selected running speeds in three footwear conditions (low to high midsole stiffness). Runners were equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) affixed to the heel cup of the right shoe and with a uniaxial accelerometer at the right tibia. Accelerometers (at the tibia and included in the IMU) with a high OR of ±70 g were used as the reference and the data were cut at ±32, ±16, and at ±8 g in post-processing, before calculating parameters. The results show that the OR influenced the outcomes of all investigated parameters, which were not influenced by tested footwear conditions. The lower ORs were associated with an underestimation error for all biomechanical parameters, which increased noticeably with a decreasing OR. It can be concluded that accelerometers with a minimum OR of ±32 g should be used to avoid inaccurate measurements.
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Harb, Rami Charles. "THE USE OF THE UCF DRIVING SIMIULATOR TO TEST THE CONTRIBUTION OF LARGER SIZE VEHICLES (LSVs) IN REAR-END COLLISIONS AND RED LIGHT RUNNING ON INTERSECTIONS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3878.
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Driving safety has been an issue of great concern in the United States throughout the years. According to the National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), in 2003 alone, there were 6,267,000 crashes in the U.S. from which 1,915,000 were injury crashes, including 38,764 fatal crashes and 43,220 human casualties. The U.S. Department of Transportation spends millions of dollars every year on research that aims to improve roadway safety and decrease the number of traffic collisions. In spring 2002, the Center for Advanced Traffic System Simulation (CATSS), at the University of Central Florida, acquired a sophisticated reconfigurable driving simulator. This simulator, which consists of a late model truck cab, or passenger vehicle cab, mounted on a motion base capable of operation with six degrees of freedom, is a great tool for traffic studies. Two applications of the simulator are to study the contribution of Light Truck Vehicles (LTVs) to potential rear-end collisions, the most common type of crashes, which account for about a third of the U.S. traffic crashes, and the involvement of Larger Size Vehicles (LSVs) in red light running. LTVs can obstruct horizontal visibility for the following car driver and has been a major issue, especially at unsignalized intersections. The sudden stop of an LTV, in the shadow of the blindness of the succeeding car driver, may deprive the following vehicle of a sufficient response time, leading to high probability of a rear-end collision. As for LSVs, they can obstruct the vertical visibility of the traffic light for the succeeding car driver on signalized intersection producing a potential red light running for the latter. Two sub-scenarios were developed in the UCF driving simulator for each the vertical and horizontal visibility blockage scenarios. The first sub-scenario is the base sub-scenario for both scenarios, where the simulator car follows a passenger car, and the second sub-scenario is the test sub-scenario, where the simulator car follows an LTV for the horizontal visibility blockage scenario and an LSV for the vertical visibility blockage scenario. A suggested solution for the vertical visibility blockage of the traffic light problem that consisted of adding a traffic signal pole on the right side of the road was also designed in the driving simulator. The results showed that LTVs produce more rear-end collisions at unsignalized intersections due to the horizontal visibility blockage and following car drivers' behavior. The results also showed that LSVs contribute significantly to red light running on signalized intersections and that the addition of a traffic signal pole on the right side of the road reduces the red light running probability.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Dagelytė, Audra. "Trumpųjų nuotolių bėgikių ir nesportuojančių merginų greitosios raumenų ir širdies adaptacijos ypatumai kartotiniams anaerobiniams krūviams." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060515_123649-89538.
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The objective of this study was to determine sprint athletes and non–athletes girls acute muscles and heart adaptation peculiarities to multiple anaerobic loads. The study‘s participants were girls of similar age: 5 trained athletes in sprint events and 5 non–athletes. There were estimated their antropometric parametres, assessed body mass index (BMI) and heart rate at rest. Also participants performed multiple anaerobic workloads. The results of this research showed that girls well–trained athletes managed to perform greater extent of physical load, were less tired and managed faster to recover between reiterations. The non–athletes performed significantly lower extent of physical load and before the third workload their heart rate‘s indices and results of running 10 m distance with 10 % of body mass weighting indicated considerable fatigue. In consideration of long term adaptation effect we propose, that well–trained athletes have lower body mass, BMI, heart rate at rest, higher running velocity and greater increase of velocity compare to non–athletes. Eaqual duration, intensity, rest pauses and the number of reiterations with and without weighting have different effect on muscle working ability. Athletes showed greater running velocity and it remained unaltered during reiterations in performing eaqual workload without weighting. Participants reached lower velocity and there were obtained velocity reduction in performance with weighting.
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Mitschke, Christian, Matthias Öhmichen, and Thomas L. Milani. "A Single Gyroscope Can Be Used to Accurately Determine Peak Eversion Velocity during Locomotion at Different Speeds and in Various Shoes." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-226795.
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Gyroscopes have been used in previous studies to measure the peak angular velocity of the shoe or foot in the frontal plane (evVel). However, it is not clear whether different test conditions (footwear hardness or locomotion speed) can influence the accuracy of evVel. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of gyroscopes and electrogoniometers when measuring evVel and the time until evVel (t_evVel) in 12 different conditions using a single axis gyroscope attached to the heel cap. Twenty-four recreational runners were instructed to walk and run on a 15-m indoor track at four locomotion speeds (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m/s, and individual running speed) and in three footwear conditions (low to high hardness). The gyroscope data and electrogoniometer data were sampled at a rate of 1000 Hz. Comparisons between both measurement devices showed small mean differences up to 49.8 ± 46.9 deg/s for evVel and up to 5.3 ± 3.5 ms for t_evVel. Furthermore, strong relationships between gyroscope and electrogoniometer data were found for evVel as well as for t_evVel for all conditions. It can be concluded that gyroscopes can be used to accurately determine evVel and t_evVel under a variety of conditions.
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D'Angelo, Ricardo Antonio 1961. "Testes de desempenho aeróbio relacionados a intensidades de corrida em treinamento e competição para fundistas de alto rendimento = Aerobic performance tests related to training and competition running intensities for high performance distance runners." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275095.
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Orientador: Miguel de ArrudaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi relacionar testes de desempenho aeróbio utilizados para estimar o limiar anaeróbio (LAn) com intensidades de corrida em treinamento e competição. Os testes aplicados foram velocidade crítica (Vcrit) e máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) e a amostra do estudo fundistas de alto rendimento. Estudos preliminares foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a confiabilidade e aplicabilidade da ferramenta utilizada na determinação de um parâmetro fisiológico de carga confiável (LAn). A metodologia utilizada foi descrita apresentando as técnicas e procedimentos para coletar os dados, assim como a seleção da amostra e o tratamento estatístico. O protocolo de teste de Vcrit para estimar o LAn, quando aplicado no modelo distância vs tempo e com tomada de tempo para 4 distâncias e 3 distâncias se mostrou eficaz e confiável, uma vez que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos valores dessas variáveis. A aplicação dos instrumentos de monitoramento de carga, percepção subjetiva de intensidade (PSI) e percepção subjetiva de cansaço (PSC) se mostraram eficazes na escolha dos métodos, meios de treinamento e vias metabólicas trabalhadas quando relacionados à dinâmica de carga do microciclo-tipo, entretanto, não foram suficientemente sensíveis para identificar diferenças na acurácia entre as equações de predição de MFELmc e MFELms. Houve boa correlação entre as melhores marcas dos atletas na Meia Maratona vs Distância Limite e Meia Maratona vs Tempo Limite ( r= -0,8 e r= -0,6, respectivamente). As intensidades de corrida em competições oficiais de Meia Maratona, a Vcrit real e a MFELms mostraram importante relação na determinação de velocidades de treinamento e competições. Os métodos e meios de treinamento de fundistas de alto rendimento foram identificados e caracterizados, concluindo que o treinamento organizado contendo intensidades de corrida preditas através de parâmetros confiáveis deve prevalecer na busca do melhor desempenho possível. Os resultados atléticos conhecidos até o presente momento indicam a relevância de estudos fundamentados em respostas fisiológicas diretas para aplicação de intensidades de corrida em fundistas de elevado rendimento
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to relate aerobic performance tests used to estimate the anaerobic threshold (AT) to running intensities in training and competition. The tests applied were critical speed (CS) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and study sample high performance distance runners. Preliminary studies were developed as part of the literature review to support the tool that was used to determine a reliable load physiological parameter (AT), easily applicable and highly replicable. The methodology was described presenting the techniques and procedures for collecting data, as well as sample selection and statistical analysis. The CS test protocol to estimate the AT showed to be effective and reliable when applied to the distance vs time model by collecting the time for 4 distances and 3 distances, once no significant differences were found in the values of these variables. The application of the subjective perception of intensity (SPI) and subjective perception of fatigue (SPF) load tools for monitoring showed to be effective on the choice of methods, means training and metabolic pathways when related to microcycle-type dynamic loading, however, were not sufficiently sensitive to identify differences in accuracy between MLSScm and MLSSsm prediction equations. There was a good correlation between athletes personal bests Half Marathon vs Distance Limit and Half Marathon vs Time Limit (r = -0.8 and r = -0.6, respectively). The running intensities at Half Marathon official competitions, the real CS and MLSSsm, showed an important relation to determine the speed on training and competitions. The methods and means of training for high performance distance runners were identified and characterized, concluding that the organized training that contains predicted running intensities through reliable parameters should prevail in pursuit the best performance. The athletics results known so far indicate the relevance of studies based on direct physiological responses to application of intensities on high performance distance runners
Doutorado
Ciencia do Desporto
Doutor em Educação Física
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Faraco, Henrique Cabral. "Determinação da velocidade crítica através de um teste único de 3 minutos de corrida." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/484.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
To date, sports scientists have still sought for noninvasive methods to determine the intensities corresponding to physiological transition threshold. The critical velocity (CV) model has been extensively studied in many exercises modes, however to determine CV is necessary to perform several predicting trials. To overcome this difficulty, it has been proposed a single test for determining the Critical Power (CP) which has shown to be reliable, correlate and similar to CP determined in cycle ergometer, remaining the need to seek similar evidences during running testing. The main objective of this study was to verify the validity of a single all-out 3 minutes running test (T3) for VC determination (V3min). Eight volunteers were submitted in different days to an incremental treadmill running test to determine VO2máx, the intensity corresponding to VO2máx (iVO2máx) and intensity corresponding to the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2, respectively), three T3 (familiarization, test and retest) to determine V3min, distance traveled (D3min) and peak speed (PV3min) measured by manual timing and VGPS, DGPS and PVGPS measured by a GPS device. Three maximal performances (in random order) on the distances of 800m, 1600m and 2400m were utilized to determine VC through distance/time model. The V3min was significantly higher (6.7%), but highly correlated (r = 0.88) with VC. ANOVA repeated measures showed high intraclasse correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.96; 0.87 and 0.96 to D3min, PV3min and V3min, respectively) and low typical errors of estimate indicating that the T3 presents a good reproducibility and the familiarization test might be discarded. The GPS device seems to be accurate and reliable for measuring speeds in the end of testing, however no confidence date seem to be measure for PV3min and DGPS. We conclude that the T3 showed to be highly reliable and correlate to VC, which can be used to estimate aerobic capacity. However, we suggest caution to use the T3 test for VC determination.
Diante da necessidade de se buscar métodos não invasivos para determinação de limiares de transição fisiológicas o modelo convencional de determinação da velocidade crítica (VC) surge, trazendo consigo uma quantidade elevada de testes que preferencialmente deveriam ser realizados em dias diferentes. O modelo de teste único proposto para determinação da Potência Crítica (PC) parece resolver esse problema, restando a necessidade de se buscar indícios semelhantes em testes de corrida. Assim, o principal objetivo do estudo é verificar se um teste único de corrida em máxima velocidade durante 3 minutos (T3) é válido para determinação da VC de indivíduos fisicamente ativos. Oito indivíduos ativos foram submetidos, em dias diferentes, a um teste incremental em esteira rolante para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), da intensidade do VO2máx (iVO2máx) e da intensidade do primeiro e do segundo limiar ventilatório (VT1 e VT2, respectivamente), três T3 (familiarização, teste e reteste) em pista de 200m para determinação da V3min, da distância percorrida (D3min) e de pico de velocidade (PV3min) (cronometragem manual) e VGPS, DGPS e PVGPS (monitoramento via GPS); e por último três testes máximos de campo em distâncias fixadas em 800m, 1600m e 2400m (em ordem aleatória) para determinação da VC através do modelo trabalho/tempo. A V3min foi identificada 6,7% acima, mas significativamente correlacionada com a VC (r = 0,88). O resultado de ANOVA de medidas repetidas bem como altos coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC: 0,96; 0,87 e 0,96 para D3min, PV3min e V3min, respectivamente), e baixos erros típico de medida indicam que o T3 tem boa reprodutibilidade e indica a possibilidade de descarte da familiarização para o T3. O dispositivo de GPS parece ser confiável para medida da velocidade nos instantes finais do teste, deixando dúvidas quanto a sua confiabilidade em medir o PVGPS e a DGPS. Podemos concluir, portanto, que o T3 é um teste reprodutivo e bem relacionado à VC, podendo ser usado como índice de capacidade aeróbia. No entanto, sugerimos cautela na utilização do teste como meio de determinar a VC.
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Lucca, Leonardo de. "Efeitos da fadiga sobre características cinemáticas da corrida na velocidade do consumo máximo de oxigênio." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/490.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-02Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of the study is to analyse the effects of fatigue on kinematics characteristics during running at maximal oxygen uptake velocity. Eleven healthy males, team sports recreational players volunteered for this study. Firstly, subjects performed an incremental running test until volitional exhaustion to determine the maximal oxygen uptake velocity. The second phase consisted to a constant running velocity test at maximal oxygen uptake velocity to determine time to exhaustion at this velocity and acquire kinematical data. Subjects were filmed continuously from the left sagital plane at 210 Hz. Video cuts from five consecutive strides from 2 different times of the run were taken for analysis: a) 20 seconds after the onset of the run; b) 10 seconds prior the end of the run. Dependent t-tests were used to assess mean values across the two time points in the test. Multiple linear regression were used to assess the contribution of kinematical changes in the time limit. The increase in maximal plantar flexion during swing (p=0,009) and knee range of motion (p=0,05) were the only changes found for the whole group. Time Limit were predicted by changes in six variables: support time, knee flexion at contact, maximal knee flexion during stance, maximal knee flexion during swing, hip angle at toe-off and hip range of motion. These finding suggest that muscle fatigue during latter stages of run at vVO2max causes individual specific kinematical changes in ankle, knee and hip joints, moreover the absence of significant kinematic changes. Nevertheless, time limit can be predicted by kinematic changes throughout vVO2máx.
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos da fadiga sobre características cinemáticas durante a corrida na velocidade do consumo máximo de oxigênio determinada durante teste incremental. Participaram deste estudo 11 sujeitos ativos fisicamente, estudantes de Educação Física, praticantes de esportes coletivos. Primeiramente os sujeitos foram submetidos a um protocolo progressivo de corrida até a exaustão voluntária para determinar a velocidade do consumo máximo de oxigênio. Na sequência, os sujeitos foram submetidos a um teste de velocidade constante para identificar o tempo limite na velocidade do consumo máximo de oxigênio e adquirir os dados cinemáticos a 210 Hz referentes a 5 ciclos completos de passadas em dois instantes diferentes da corrida: a) fase inicial: 20 segundos após o início da corrida; b) fase final: último contato do pé com o solo da última passada de interesse ocorrendo 10 segundos antes do término da corrida. Os valores foram calculados pelo software APAS. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva, o Teste t Pareado para comparação entre as médias dos dois instantes analisados e a regressão linear múltipla para verificar a contribuição das modificações cinemáticas no Tempo Limite. O nível de confiabilidade adotado foi de 95%. O aumento da máxima plantiflexão no balanço (p=0,009) e amplitude de movimento do joelho (p=0,05) foram as únicas diferenças significativas encontradas para o grupo todo. O tempo limite pôde ser predito pelas modificações em 6 variáveis: tempo de suporte, máxima dorsiflexão no suporte, ângulo do joelho no contato, máxima flexão do joelho no suporte, máxima flexão do joelho no balanço e ângulo do quadril na retirada do hálux. Foi possível concluir que a fadiga muscular nos estágios finais da corrida na vVO2máx causa alterações cinemáticas individuais específicas nas articulações do tornozelo joelho e quadril, apesar da ausência de alterações cinemáticas significativas para a ampla maioria das variáveis. Além disso, o tempo limite pode ser predito por modificações cinemáticas ao longo da corrida na vVO2máx.
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Assadi, Hervé. "Réponses physiologiques au cours d'exercices intermittents en course à pied." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817851.
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Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d'analyser les réponses physiologiques au cours d'exercices intermittents en course à pied et de déterminer i) un test d'évaluation de la vitesse maximale aérobie (VMA) adapté aux exercices intermittents ; ii) les exercices intermittents permettant une sollicitation maximale de la consommation d'oxygène (VO2max) ; iii) les facteurs physiologiques et neuromusculaires limitant la durée des exercices intermittents.La première étude a permis de montrer que la réalisation d'un exercice intermittent alternant des périodes d'effort de 30 s avec des périodes de récupération de 30 s (30s-30s), à la VMA atteinte à la fin du test intermittent incrémental 45-15FIT, permettait à la fois de réaliser un grand nombre de répétitions et de solliciter un fort pourcentage de la VO2max pendant la durée de l'exercice. Lors de la seconde étude nous avons montré que les exercices intermittents de type 5s-15s, 30s-30s et 60s-60s, courus à la VMA permettaient de solliciter un fort pourcentage de la VO2max. L'exercice intermittent de type 30s-30s est celui qui permet néanmoins de réaliser le plus grand nombre de répétitions. Une part plus importante de la glycolyse dans la production d'énergie réduit le nombre de répétitions lors de l'exercice de type 60s-60s par rapport à l'exercice de type 30s-30s ; une fatigue musculaire causée par un plus grand nombre d'accélérations et de décélérations réduit quant à elle le nombre de répétitions lors de l'exercice de type 15s-15s, par rapport à l'exercice de type 30s-30s. Les résultats de la troisième étude ont confirmé que les exercices intermittents de type 5s-15s, courus à la VMA, induisaient une fatigue musculaire plus importante, due essentiellement aux nombreuses accélérations et décélérations. Il a également été montré qu'à la suite d'un exercice pré-fatigant des muscles extenseurs du genou (contractions musculaires évoquées par électromyostimulation vs contractions volontaires isométriques), le nombre de répétitions lors de l'exercice intermittent 30s-30s était réduit, mais que le pourcentage de temps passé à plus de 90% de la VO2max n'était pas diminué par rapport à la réalisation sans pré-fatigue.L'ensemble de nos travaux permettent de définir un ensemble d'exercices intermittents qui, lorsqu'ils sont courus à la VMA évaluée lors du test 45-15FIT, permettent d'atteindre un niveau élevé de sollicitation du système aérobie, dont l'exercice de type 30s-30s pourrait constituer un exercice "standard"
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Wang, Shiu-horng, and 王旭虹. "Application of Different Critical Velocity in Distance Running Pace." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35296602535282920543.
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碩士國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
92
Application of Different Critical Velocity in Distance Running Pace Abstract The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference 5000 m performance among critical velocity (CV) pace, 95﹪CV pace, and the maximal 5000 m effort test; to assess the relationship among CV, 1500 m, 3000 m, and 5000 m best performance; to use the simple regression to find CV predict equation from 1500 m, 3000 m and 5000 m performance as well. Eleven elite males distance runners volunteered as study subject. The CV was used the V-T mode to evaluate subjects best score of 1500 m, 3000 m, and 5000 m in recent three months. All of the test paces had to finish in 6 weeks. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their running pace. In order to avoid disturbed running performance, each group had its difference pace during the test. One-way repented ANOVA and Turkey post hot t-comparison were used to analyze the difference among the CV, 95﹪CV, and the maximal effort; Pearson product-moment correlation was used to test relationship between CV and 1500 m; CV and 3000 m; and CV and 5000 m test. Furthermore, the simple linear regression was used to find out the CV predict equation. The alpha level was set at .05. The findings are as follow: No significant different difference was found on the CV, 95﹪CV, and the maximal 5000 m performance. The correlation coefficients between CV and 1500 m; CV and 3000 m; CV and 5000 m were -.52, -.81, and -.99, respectively. Meanwhile, CV with 3000 m; CV with 5000 m had reached significant level; and the predict formula were Ŷ (CV)＝-0.01314×3000 m (s)＋12.169 with Ŷ (CV)＝-0.06239×5000 m (s)＋10.933 respectively. Predicted accuracy were 67﹪and 98﹪. Therefore, both CV pace and 95﹪CV pace can be applied on 5000 m competition and training strategy except 1500 m. Since every athlete has its own peculiarity, coach can choose most suitable way on practice. Key words：long distance, runner, critical velocity, pace
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王順正. "The physiological research of distance runner on critical velocity running." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52352647145562892701.
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Harris, Chad. "The influence of velocity on the metabolic and mechanical task cost of treadmill running." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35008.
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Huang, Chun-Chin, and 黃君秦. "Effect of downhill running and eccentric resistance exercise on pulse wave velocity and adiponectin." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99094329986986497404.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
100
Background: with the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in modern society, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and adiponectin are both predictive markers for cardiovascular diseases in clinical settings. Adiponectin has been found vessel- protective that could exert anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorate atherosclerosis. However, it is still unknown whether inflammatory responses induced by eccentric exercise would interact with adiponectin as well as PWV. Purpose: to determine the effects of muscle damage induced by acute downhill running and eccentric resistance exercise on adiponectin and PWV as well as the relationship between adiponectin and PWV. Methods: eighteen apparent healthy males were recruited to participate this study. Participants were randomly assigned into downhill running (EE, n=9) and eccentric resistance exercise (RE, n=9) groups. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak= 50.5 ± 7.6 ml/kg/min) of EE and one prepetition maximum of inclined leg press (1RM= 222.4 ± 55.2 kg) were determined prior to experiment. EE group performed 30 minutes of the downhill running at -10° of slope that could elicit 75% of individual VO2peak whereas RE group performed 120% 1RM eccentric contractions for 6 reps × 10 sets. PWV, serum adiponectin, creatine kinese (CK), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured pre-exercise, 90 minutes, 24 and 48 hours post-exercise. Results: CK of EE and RE group were significantly higher than the pre-exercise (p＜.05); PWV of two groups were also significantly higher on 24 (5.47 ± 0.59 m/s) and 48 hours post-exercise (5.44 ± 0.68 m/s) as compared to pre-exercise (5.18 ± 0.47 m/s) (p＜.05) respectively. Compared with pre-exercise, adiponectin and CRP were no altered after performing eccentric exercise (p＞.05). However, PWV was negative correlated with adiponectin on 24 hours post-exercise (r= -.501) (p＜.05). There were no significant differences among groups in all dependent variables (p＞.05). Conclusion: muscle damage induced by an acute bout of downhill running and eccentric resistance exercise both increased PWV, but did not altered adiponectin response. This transient aortic arterial inflammatory may not directly relate to adiponectin.
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Wu, Chung-Fung, and 吳忠芳. "Validation of critical velocity derived from submaximal oxygen intake and heart rate during treadmill running." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23096410469154682641.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
體育研究所
90
The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the difference between critical velocity (CV) derived from submaximal exercise time and maximal exercise time, and 2) to examine the validity of CV derived from submaximal exercise time. Subjects were 20 college students(20.45±0.83yrs, 177.30±6.21cm, 71.62±6.45kg). Participants performed five exhaustive treadmill tests and a 30-min continuous treadmill tests at CV. The purpose of the first test session was to determine VO2max, HRmax and ventilatory threshold. At the next four sessions, each subject performed four exhaustive constant velocity tests (3.5m/sec~6m/sec). During each test, expired gases and HR were analyzed. CV was derived from submaximal exercise VO2 and HR at each velocity. Secondly, participants performed a 30-min continuous treadmill tests at their CV. During the test, the VO2, HR and electromyography (EMG; RMS & MPF) responses from treadmill and examined the validity of CV derived from submaximal exercise time were determined. The results were: 1) CV derived from submaximal exercise time (CV90%VO2max, 3.64±0.387; CV80%VO2max, 3.56±0.410; CV90%HRmax, 3.60±0.354m/s) and maximal exercise time were (3.54±0.318m/s) not significantly different, but were significantly correlated (0.63~0.73). 2) When running a 30-min continuous treadmill tests at their CV, HR increased with time, but RMS, MPF and VO2 remain unchanged.
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Hao-Chao, Wu. "A Validity Analysis of Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters in Velocity-Endurance Model by Intermittent Running Test." 2002. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0021-2603200719130103.
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Wu, Hao-Chao, and 吳顥照. "A Validity Analysis of Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters in Velocity—Endurance Model by Intermittent Running Test." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33391423558661642034.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
91
Purpose: This study was to evaluate the validity of three aerobic and anaerobic parameters (critical velocity, CV; anaerobic running capacity, ARC; maximal instantaneous velocity, Vmax) in velocity—endurance model by intermittent running test. Methods: Subjects were 20 male college students (22.4±1.66 yrs, 170.4±5.63 cm, 66.9±11.95 kg). In this experiment, critical velocity test and intermittent running test were evaluated on treadmill and the data of three parameters by velocity—endurance model were calculated. Then, the correlation of CV from critical velocity test and intermittent running test with those from maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), heart hate threshold (HRT), and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) were compared. Furthermore, the correlation of ARC and Vmax from critical velocity test and intermittent running test with those from short-distance running test, Margaria-Kalamen power test, Wingate power test, and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit test were assessed. Results: The results were: 1) The CV from critical velocity test (2.1±0.48 m/sec) and intermittent running test (2.0±0.55 m/sec) was significantly correlated (r=0.911) and not significantly different (p>.05). 2) The ARC from critical velocity test (582.1±194.04 m) and intermittent running test (342.1±166.36 m) as well as those of the Vmax from critical velocity test (5.9±2.38 m/sec) and intermittent running test (9.9±3.63 m/sec) were not significantly correlated (p<.05). 3) In aerobic parameter- CV validity analysis, the CV from critical velocity test and intermittent running test were significantly correlative with aerobic exercise ability and could evaluate this ability efficiently. 4) In anaerobic parameters- ARC and Vmax validity analysis, the ARC and Vmax from critical velocity test and intermittent running test were only parts of the data correlative with anaerobic exercise ability and could not evaluate it efficiently. Conclusion: In this study, intermittent running test is only valid for estimating aerobic- CV, but not for anaerobic- ARC and Vmax.
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Tung, Kang, and 童亢. "Short-term panax ginseng and salvia miltiorrhiza supplementation on pulse wave velocity and dehydroepiandrosterone after downhill running." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44817696243325413771.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
101
Background: pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indicator of cardiovascular disease. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) release is activated by adrenocorticotropic hormone and it is regulated by cytochrome P450. Most of DHEAs are sulfated as DHEA-S circulating in the body, and it is negatively correlated with PWV. Panax ginseng has been studied eliciting ACTH secretion, and Danshen can enhance the performance of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which might contribute to the increase of DHEA. Purpose: to investigate effects of panax ginseng and salvia miltiorrhiza supplementation prior to an acute bout of downhill running exercise on PWV and DHEA-S secretion. Methods: twenty apparent healthy males were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into panax ginseng and salvia miltiorrhiza supplementation (S, n=10) and placebo supplementation groups (P, n=10). Peak oxygen uptake was determined prior to experiment followed by a thirty minutes of downhill running at -10˚of slope that could elicit 75% of individual VO2peak. PWV, serum DHEA-S, creatine kinese, cortisol, visual analog scale (VAS), and active range of motion (AROM) were measured at control, 30 minutes pre-exercise, 24 and 48 hours post-exercise. Results: compared with baseline, CK of S and P group were significantly higher at 24 and 48 hours after exercise. AROM and VAS at 90 minutes, 24 and 48 hours post-exercise were significantly higher than pre-exercise; PWV of S group was significantly lower on 24 and 48 hours post-exercise as compared to P group (p＜.05), but DHEA-S of two groups at 24 hour post exercise was significantly higher than 90 minutes post-exercise, whereas there was no difference in cortisol response (p> .05). Conclusion: panax ginseng and salvia miltiorrhiza supplementation can prevent the increase of PWV induced from downhill running exercise, yet it is not associated with DHEA-S.
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Mpholwane, Matome Lieghtone. "The determinants of running performance in middle distance female athletes." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5426.
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ABSTRACT
Male subjects are invariably used to study the physiological determinants of middle
distance running performance. Studies that do include females have examined only the
aerobic contribution to middle distance running performance. The aim of the present
study was to investigate aerobic, anaerobic and muscle function factors that could be used
to predict middle distance running performance in female runners. This study was
performed at an altitude of 1800m.
Eleven middle distance female runners aged 18-20 were selected for the study.
Aerobic capacity was assessed by measuring the maximal oxygen consumption
(VO2max), running velocity at maximal oxygen consumption (vVO2max), running
economy (RE) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA).
The blood lactate curve of each subject was constructed by relating the oxygen
consumption, to the plasma lactate concentrations.
Anaerobic capacity was determined by measuring the maximum accumulated oxygen
deficit (MAOD) on a treadmill. Muscle function was assessed by having the subjects
cycle as fast as possible against changing brake weights ranging from heavy to light using
a Monark cycle ergometer. The brake force (kg) was related to velocity (rpm).
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莊廷玉. "The Effect of Vibration and Jump Rope Training on Base-running Velocity and Reaction Time to Baseball Players." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98558469084096559302.
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碩士國立體育大學
教練研究所
95
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 20 days vibration training and jump rope training on baseball players’ lower limbs’ power (CMJ), take-off reaction time, base-running velocity from home to first after batting and 5m base-running velocity after batting of baseball players. Twenty-six adult baseball players (excellent university and substitute service of professional baseball teams) were involved in this study with the average age and height weight were 2.3±2.46yr、174.6±4.51cm、and 79.23±7kg, respectively. Pretest (T-1) included 4 tests. The CMJ and take-off reaction time was basic test of sport capacity, base-running velocity from home to first after batting and 5m base-running velocity after batting were specific test of sport capacity. Subjects was divided to group A (vibration training) and group B (jump rope training by CMJ performance in matched-pair designed ( each group have 13 people). Group A and B started 20 days training, there were 4 times training in 10 day and separated at least 1 day. Group A were stimulated by vibration frequency at 40Hz, and amplitude at 2mm, in 2 movements of vibration training and proceeded 5 sets, each set performed 60s, and set rested 40s. Group B proceed 2 sets × 5 times × 10s of jump rope training by personal best performance, set rest interval was 2 min, and each time rest 30s. Middle-test (T-2) was proceeded in 10 days and posttest (T-3) was proceeded after training. Results showed that CMJ of Group A and B had significant improvement after 20 days training (p<0.001、p<0.01), but there was no difference between groups. Reaction time of Group A and B were significant improvement (p<0.001), but there was no difference between groups. Base-running velocity from home to first after batting of group A and B were significant improvement (p<0.001) and group A was significant higher than group B to 0.32 m/s (p<0.05); 5m base-running velocity after batting of group A was significant improvement (p<0.01), but group B was not significant improvement and group A was significant higher Group B in 0.34 m/s (p<0.05). Conclusions of the study were vibration and jump rope training can improve CMJ, take-off reaction time, base-running velocity from home to first after batting, 5m base-running velocity after batting, but base-running velocity from home to first after batting and 5m base-running velocity after batting were significant different between groups.
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Lin, Shi-Ren, and 林世仁. "Effects of wearing lower-body compression garments on muscle damage and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after downhill running." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wuyr3g.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
105
Objective: To explore the effects of wearing lower-body compression garments on post-exercise induced muscle damage and the arterial stiffness index/brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) during and after downhill running. Methods: Twenty-four male participants without a regular habit of exercising were enrolled in this study and were randomly allocated to either Experiment One: wearing compression garments during exercise or Experiment Two: wearing compression garments for 24 hours (24 h) after exercise. After administering pre-tests to all participants, they were required to carry out 30 minutes of downhill running (−10 degrees) at an intensity of 70% heart rate reserve (70% HRR), followed by post-tests at 24 h after exercise. The test items included: creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness index, active range of motion (AROM), muscle swelling circumference, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), 50% maximum voluntary isometric contraction-soreness index (50% MVIC-soreness index), thickness of the rectus femoris muscle, and baPWV. Results: Experiment 1: 1. Twenty-four hours after downhill running exercise, the CK values were significantly higher than those before exercise (p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in 50% MVIC-soreness index between the experimental and control legs. 2. The interaction between soreness index, AROM, MSC, MVIC, rectus muscle thickness, and baPWV did not reach statistical significance and out of the main results, only the time factor reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). Experiment 2: 1. Twenty-four hours after downhill running exercise, the CK values were significantly higher than those before exercise (p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in 50% MVIC-soreness index between the experimental and control legs. 2. The interaction between soreness index, AROM, MSC, MVIC, and rectus muscle thickness before exercise, 24 hours after exercise (compression garments were wear but this did not include muscle swelling circumference, MVIC, and rectus muscle thickness), and 24.5 hours after exercise (compression garments not wear) did not reach statistical significance. Among the main effects, only the time factor reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). 3. baPWV interactions reached statistical significance. baPWV at 24 hours after exercise with compression garments on the experimental legs was significantly lower than that in control legs (p < 0 .05). Conclusion: Wearing lower-body compression garments during or after exercise could not alleviate the muscle damage induced by downhill running or the subsequent occurrence of delayed onset muscle soreness, but could reduce the risk of transient arterial stiffness.