Relevant bibliographies by topics / Running velocity

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Running velocity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Running velocity"

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HILL, DAVID W., and AMY L. ROWELL. "Running velocity at ??VO2max." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28, no. 1 (January 1996): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199601000-00022.

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Smith-Ryan, Abbie E., David H. Fukuda, Jeffrey R. Stout, and Kristina L. Kendall. "High-Velocity Intermittent Running." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26, no. 10 (October 2012): 2798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318267922b.

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Mally, Franziska, Otto Hofstätter, and Markus Eckelt. "Influence of Running Shoes and Running Velocity on “Ride” during Running." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049054.

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“Ride” has been established to subjectively describe the heel-to-toe transition during walking and running. Recently, a study was published aiming to quantify “ride” by linking it to the maximum velocity of the anterior-posterior (AP) progression of the center of pressure (COP) during the first 30% of the stance phase. While that study investigated the parameter when running at a constant velocity of approximately 3.5 m/s (i.e., 12.6 km/h), this study was carried out to evaluate the influence of running velocity on “ride” when running. Five healthy participants performed runs on a treadmill at 8, 10 and 12 km/h with three different running shoes, and their plantar pressure was measured at 300 Hz using pressure-sensing insoles. “Ride” was calculated as suggested by the previously mentioned study. In two of the three shoes, “ride” decreased with increasing running speed. Between the shoes, however, there is no clear image of how the shoes influence this parameter.
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Brughelli, Matt, John Cronin, and Anis Chaouachi. "Effects of Running Velocity on Running Kinetics and Kinematics." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25, no. 4 (April 2011): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c64308.

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Noakes, T. D., K. H. Myburgh, and R. Schall. "Peak treadmill running velocity during theVO2max test predicts running performance." Journal of Sports Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 1990): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640419008732129.

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Scott, B., and J. Houmard. "Peak Running Velocity is Highly Related to Distance Running Performance." International Journal of Sports Medicine 15, no. 08 (November 1994): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021095.

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Silvernail, Julia Freedman, and Miles Mercer. "Does Preferred Running Velocity Vary with Variations in Running Condition?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000517207.44412.fe.

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Manchado, Fúlvia Barros, Claudio Alexandre Gobatto, Ricardo Vinícius Ledesma Contarteze, Marcelo Papoti, and Maria Alice Rostom de Mello. "Critical Velocity and Anaerobic Running Capacity Determination of Running Rats." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-03028.

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Rowell, A. L., S. E. Burt, and D. W. Hill. "DETERMINATION OF RUNNING VELOCITY AT VO2MAX." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (May 1995): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00082.

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Browne, Rodrigo Alberto Vieira, Marcelo Magalhães Sales, Rafael da Costa Sotero, Ricardo Yukio Asano, José Fernando Vila Nova de Moraes, Jônatas de França Barros, Carmen Sílvia Grubert Campbell, and Herbert Gustavo Simões. "Critical velocity estimates lactate minimum velocity in youth runners." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 21, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742015000100001.

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In order to investigate the validity of critical velocity (CV) as a noninvasive method to estimate the lactate minimum velocity (LMV), 25 youth runners underwent the following tests: 1) 3,000m running; 2) 1,600m running; 3) LMV test. The intensity of lactate minimum was defined as the velocity corresponding to the lowest blood lactate concentration during the LMV test. The CV was determined using the linear model, defined by the inclination of the regression line between distance and duration in the running tests of 1,600 and 3,000m. There was no significant difference (p=0.3055) between LMV and CV. In addition, both protocols presented a good agreement based on the small difference between means and the narrow levels of agreement, as well as a standard error of estimation classified as ideal. In conclusion, CV, as identified in this study, may be an alternative for noninvasive identification of LMV.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Running velocity"

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Exell, Timothy. "Lower-limb biomechanical asymmetry in maximal velocity sprint running." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/2556.

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Biomechanical asymmetry analyses have provided valuable insight into submaximal running and walking gait. Knowledge of asymmetry in sprint running is limited due to traditional unilateral methods of data collection. The overall aim of this research was to develop insight into kinematic and kinetic asymmetry in sprint running, with the purpose of informing future research specifically into maximal velocity sprint running. Asymmetry was quantified for a group of trained sprint runners (mean velocity = 9.03 m∙s-1) using an existing symmetry angle (θSYM) measure. Biomechanical methods were developed to maximise the collection of kinematic data utilising both marker-based and non-intrusive techniques, and kinetic data using multiple force plates. Calculations were extended, to build on the θSYM, and used for quantifying overall kinematic and kinetic asymmetry for individual athletes. Novel asymmetry scores were developed that incorporated the previously negated consideration of intra-limb variability. The interaction of kinematic and kinetic asymmetry was compared for a range of sprint runners using the newly created asymmetry scores. θSYM values were larger for key kinematic variables than step characteristics; values of 6.7% and 1.7% were reported for touchdown distance and step frequency, respectively. The largest asymmetry values were kinetic, with some θSYM values exceeding 90%. The magnitude of asymmetry and variables that displayed significant asymmetry varied on an inter-athlete basis. Kinematic and kinetic asymmetry scores developed within this research ranged from 4.5 to 27.6 and 6.3 to 28.7, respectively; however, no consistent relationship between kinematic and kinetic asymmetry was found. Compensatory kinetic mechanisms may serve to reduce the effects of asymmetry on step characteristics and the performance outcome of step velocity. The novel bilateral analyses performed in this research identified the presence of asymmetry, indicating that unilateral analyses of sprint running may lead to important information being overlooked.
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Switalla, Jonathan R. "A Non-Exercise Based Estimation of the Critical Running Velocity and Anaerobic Running Capacity in Competitive Runners." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/36.

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This study examined: 1) if estimated performance times (ETcom) at four different distances can be used to accurately define the parameters of the critical velocity (CV) test [CV and anaerobic running capacity (ARC)]; and 2) if those parameters can be used to predict time to completion (PTcom) of distances performed at velocities greater than CV. Twelve subjects provided an ETcom for maximal-effort runs at 400m, 800m, 1600m, and 3200m. The CV and ARC were derived from the total distance (TD) versus ETcom relationship. The equation: PTcom = ARC / (velocity-CV) was used to determine the PTcom for runs at 200m, 600m, and 1000m. The PTcom was validated against the actual time to complete (ATcom) runs at the same three distances. The TD versus ETcom relationship was highly linear and indicated a close relationship between running distance and time. The PTcom overestimated the ATcom at 200m, but was not different from ATcom at 600m and 1000m. The PTcom and ATcom were not related at any of the three distances. The CV model could be applied to estimated performance times to derive the CV and ARC parameters, but the parameters of the test did not accurately estimate performance times above CV.
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Burt, Shane E. (Shane Eugen). "Responses During Exercise at 90% and 100% of the Running Velocity Associated with VO2max (vVO2max)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278820/.

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Six male long-distance runners participated in this study to evaluate the responses to exercise at 90% and 100% vV02max. Subjects participated in five maximal exercise tests: one incremental, three tests at 90% vV02max, and one test at 100% vV02max. The results of this study demonstrate that V02max can be elicited in a constant-velocity test at 90% vV02max.
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Voth, Nicholas. "Validity of a Field-Based Critical Velocity Test on Predicting 5,000-Meter Running Performance." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu155838890107422.

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Faccioni, Adrian, and n/a. "Relationships between selected speed strength performance tests and temporal variables of maximal running velocity." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060707.160114.

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The relationships between selected sprint specific bounding exercises and sprint performance were analysed using fourteen sprint athletes (7 elite performers, 7 sub-elite performers). Subjects were required to perform sprints over 60m, Counter Movement Jumps with and without loading (20kg), High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding over 30m and High Speed Single Leg Hopping over 20m. All athletes were subject to anthropometric measurement (Height, Weight and Leg Length). Of all variables measured, the Elite group were significantly better (p<0.001) in Counter Movement Jump, Time to 60m, Time from 30m to 60m and in their Maximal Running Velocity. Linear regressions were carried out on all variables that correlated with Time to 30m (Acceleration Phase) and Maximal Running Velocity at both the pO.OOl and p<0.01 level of significance. This allowed several prediction tables to be compiled that had performance measures (sprints and jumps) that could be used as testing measures for sprint athletes to determine their Acceleration Phase and Maximal Running Velocity. A stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that Time to 60m was the best predictor of Maximal Running Velocity. Time to 60m, Leg length, High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding and Sprint Stride Rate were the best predictors of the Acceleration Phase. A Stepwise cross-validation linear discriminant function analysis was used to determine the best predictors from both sprint and jump measures that would distinguish an athlete as an elite or sub-elite performer. From sprint variables, Time to 60m and Time to 30m were the two variables that best placed a sprint subject in either the Elite or Sub-elite group. From the bounding variables, Counter Movement Jump and the Ground Contact Time of the High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding were the two variables that best placed a sprint subject in either the Elite or Sub-elite group. The present study suggests that Time to 60m is the best predictor of Maximal Running Velocity and Acceleration Phase. Counter Movement Jumping and High speed Alternate Leg Bounding are also useful tools in developing and testing elite sprint athlete performance.
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Bradshaw, Elizabeth J., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Information-based regulation of high-velocity foot-targeting tasks." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.114057.

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Judging time-to-contact with a target is an important criterion for avoiding harm in everyday walking and running tasks, and maximizing performance in high-velocity sporting tasks. The information-based regulation of step length and duration during target-directed locomotion was examined in relation to gait mode, approach velocity, target task, expertise, and sporting performance during a series of four experiments. The first three experiments examined novice performers (Each n=12, 6 males, 6 females), whilst the last experiment examined expert gymnasts (n=5). Two reference strips with alternating 50cm black and white intervals were placed on either side of the approach strip for all of the experiments. One 50Hz-panning video camera filmed the approach from an elevated position. In Experiment 4, two stationary 250Hz cameras filmed the post-flight performance of the gymnastic vaults and, in addition, two qualified judges provided a performance score for each vaulting trial. The panning video footage in each experiment was digitized to deduce the gait characteristics. In Experiment 4, the high-speed video footage was analyzed three-dimensionally to obtain the performance measures such as post-flight height. The utilization of visual stimulus in target-directed locomotion is affected by the observer's state of motion as characterized by the mode of locomotion and also often the speed of locomotion. In addition, experience plays an important role in the capacity of the observer to utilize visual stimulus to control the muscular action of locomotion when either maintaining or adjusting the step mechanics. The characteristics of the terrain and the target also affect the observer's movement. Visual regulation of step length decreases at higher approach speeds in novice performers, where as expert performers are capable of increasing visual regulation at higher approach speeds. Conservatism in final foot placement by female participants accounts for the observed increase in distance from the critical boundary of the obstacle relative to toe placement. Behavioural effects of gender thus affect the control of final foot placement in obstacle-directed locomotion. The visual control of braking in target-directed locomotion is described by a tau-dot of-0.54. When tau-dot is below -0.54 a hard collision with the obstacle will occur, however, when tau-dot is above -0.54, a soft collision with the target will occur. It is suggested that the tau-dot margin defining the control of braking reveals the braking capacity of the system. In the target-directed locomotion examined a tau-dot greater than -0.70 would possibly exceed the braking capacity of the system, thus, leading to injury if performed. The approach towards the take-off board and vaulting horse in gymnastics is an example of target-directed locomotion in sport. Increased visual regulation of the timing and length of each step is a requirement for a fast running approach, a fundamental building block for the execution of complex vaults in gymnastics. The successful performance of complex vaults in gymnastics leads towards a higher judge's score. Future research suggestions include an investigation of visual regulation of step length in curved target-directed locomotion.
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Ehler, Karen. "The Significance of Time to Exhaustion at the Velocity at VO2Max." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278993/.

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There were two primary goals in this investigation. The first goal was to determine if inter-individual variability in time to exhaustion at the velocity associated with V02max (Tlim at Vmax) was explained by anaerobic capacity (AC), Vmax, anaerobic threshold (AT), and/or a combination variable in the form [AC • (Vmax - vAT)^-1]. The second goal was to determine if AC could be predicted from Tlim at Vmax, AT, and/or a combination variable in the form [Tlim • (Vmax - vAT)].
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Beechko, Alexander Nicholas. "Effects of Life-Long Wheel Running Behavior on Plantar Flexor Contractile Properties." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/849.

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Aging in skeletal muscle is characterized by a loss in muscular performance. This is in part related to the direct loss of muscle mass due to senescence, known as sarcopenia. With age, skeletal muscles lose force production, contractile speed, and power production. The force velocity relationship of muscle is a product of force production and contraction speed, both of which decline with age; however, the mechanisms and trajectory of this decline are not well understood. Exercise has positive effects on muscle, and thus may assist in maintaining performance in old age. However, few long-term studies have been performed to examine the effects of life-long exercise on muscle contractile performance. In order to test the potential for life-long exercise to reduce the effects of again on muscle contractile performance, muscle performance was determined in control mice and mice selected for high voluntary wheel running at baseline, adult, and old ages. Peak isometric force declined with age in control (C) mice without exercise (P
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Bialecki, Adam. "Pre-exercise carbohydrate supplementation effects on intermittent critical velocity, anaerobic running capacity, and critical rest intervals." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499181831180302.

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Broxterman, Ryan M. "A single test for the determination of the velocity: time-to-exhaustion relationship." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8768.

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Master of Science
Department of Kinesiology
Thomas J. Barstow
Purpose: To determine if a single test is accurate in determining the parameters of the velocity: time-to-fatigue relationship, i.e., critical velocity (CV) and a finite distance that can be covered above CV (D`). Methods: Ten healthy subjects completed an incremental test to volitional exhaustion followed by four constant-velocity runs on a treadmill for the determination of CV and D`, as well as an all-out 3-minute test on a track for the determination of end-test velocity (EV) and the distance above end-test velocity (DEV). Eight of the eleven subjects completed a second 3-minute test and one run each at (+) and (-) 95% confidence interval velocities of CV determined from the 1/time model. Results: The group mean 1/time model CV (12.8 ± 2.5 km·h[superscript]-1) was significantly greater than the velocity-time model CV (12.3 ± 2.4 km·h[superscript]-1; P < 0.05), while the velocity-time model W` (285 ± 106 m) was greater than the 1/time model W` (220 ± 112 m; P < 0.05). EV (13.0 ± 2.7 km·h[superscript]-1) and DEV (151 ± 45 m) were not significantly different than the 1/time model CV and W`, respectively. EV was greater than the velocity-time model CV (P < 0.05), while the DEV was significantly less than the velocity-time model W` (P = 0.002). No difference was found for group mean EV or DEV between the two 3-minute tests (P > 0.05), which demonstrated a reliability coefficient of 0.85 for EV and 0.32 for DEV. For the CV (-) 95% run, all subjects reached a steady-state in VO[subscript]2, and completed 900 s of exercise. However, for the CV (+) 95% run, VO[subscript]2 never reached a steady-state, but increased until termination of exercise at 643 ± 213 s with a VO[subscript]2peak close to but significantly lower than VO[subscript]2max (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CV can be accurately determined using a single 3-minute test, while W` is underestimated with this protocol.
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Books on the topic "Running velocity"

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Harris, Chad. The influence of velocity on the metabolic and mechanical task cost of treadmill running. 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Running velocity"

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Maroński, Ryszard. "Is Optimal Velocity Constant During Running?" In Biomechanics in Medicine, Sport and Biology, 110–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86297-8_10.

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Samozino, Pierre. "A Simple Method for Measuring Force, Velocity and Power Capabilities and Mechanical Effectiveness During Sprint Running." In Biomechanics of Training and Testing, 237–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05633-3_11.

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Edgeman, Rick L. "Running with Cheetahs: Market Velocity, Need for Speed, and Outside-the-Box Thinking." In Complex Management Systems and the Shingo Model, 91–98. Productivity Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22037-13.

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G. M., Siddesh, Srinidhi Hiriyannaiah, and K. G. Srinivasa. "Driving Big Data with Hadoop Technologies." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 232–62. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5864-6.ch010.

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The world of Internet has driven the computing world from a few gigabytes of information to terabytes, petabytes of information turning into a huge volume of information. These volumes of information come from a variety of sources that span over from structured to unstructured data formats. The information needs to update in a quick span of time and be available on demand with the cheaper infrastructures. The information or the data that spans over three Vs, namely Volume, Variety, and Velocity, is called Big Data. The challenge is to store and process this Big Data, running analytics on the stored Big Data, making critical decisions on the results of processing, and obtaining the best outcomes. In this chapter, the authors discuss the capabilities of Big Data, its uses, and processing of Big Data using Hadoop technologies and tools by Apache foundation.
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"Scott and Tabibi Fig. 16 High-speed disperser. (From Ref. 22.) ity. Hence, the high-speed disperser does its best job of deagglomerating particles when the viscosity is between 10,000 and 20,000 centipoise. If the shear rate is calculated in a fashion similar to the method used for a rotor/stator, it is found to be very low, since the "gap" between the disperser blade (rotor) and the vessel bottom (stator) is usually around 30 cm. For a disperser with a 30 cm blade running at 2000 rpm located 30 cm off the bottom of a vessel dv/dx = (7t) (30)(2000)/(30)(60) = 104 sec (6) where dv = velocity difference between the moving impeller and the stationary object (bottom of the vessel); and dx = distance between moving impeller and stationary object. Clearly, the maximum shear rates are higher than this in the vicinity of the blade tip, but there has not been much research into the velocity gradients set up by high-speed dispersers. Much of this lack of research is no doubt because the bulk of the commercial applications for the disperser deal with viscous liquids that are completely opaque, making the measurement of the various velocities difficult. However, there has." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 342–44. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420000955-43.

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"demand for producer goods (that is, implements, fertilisers, etc.) was largely left unsatisfied, a fact which eroded the peasants' productive basis. The exchange with the peasantry became conditioned by the following three interlocking phenomena: (1) the reduction in relative and in absolute terms of official marketing of crops as result of the rapid expansion of parallel markets; (2) the galloping inflation of prices in the parallel markets; and (3) the consequent rapid depreciation of the currency and the increased reluctance to accept the metical in exchange for sale of goods. Although the surface appearances of these phenomena were generally recog-nised, the explanation of the underlying mechanisms was by no means clear. The dominant explanation of the problem came from the ministry of internal commerce which was in its day-to-day operation more directly con-fronted with the problem. According to this view the nature of the problem was the withdrawal from the market by the peasantry since money no longer bought goods. Hence, the payment of rural wages and the buying of cash crops channelled a volume of money into the economy far in excess of available pro-ducer and consumer goods directed to the peasantry. Cash balances therefore accumulated over time and the stimulus to further production was blunted. The fact that the supply of commodities destined to be traded with the peasantry was, in terms of value, far in excess of the official marketing of crops was the often quoted proof that peasants simply ran down cash balances to buy goods and did not produce more for exchange. This view often overlooked the impact of the demand springing from the wage bill and, hence, directly equated the difference between the supply of goods to the peasantry and the goods obtained in return with the running down of cash balances accumulated by the peasantry. The problem therefore was seen as one of an excessive volume of money being held in the rural areas: peasants had too much money relative to the available supply of goods. Therefore, they withdrew from the market and preferred to buy up any supplies forthcoming with the money in hand rather than through production. Implicit in this view was a conception of a single circuit of exchange between the state sector and the peasantry in which the state buys with money either cash crops or labour power, and subsequently the peasantry buys consumer and producer commodities from the state sector (with or without the intermediation of private trade). If both parts do not balance in value, idle balances of money will build up in the hands of the peasantry and over time blunt the incentive of production. The preoccupation was thus with the stock of money in the hands of the peasantry (as a measure of frustrated demand) and little attention was paid to its velocity since it was implicitly assumed that these balances remained idle (stuck in the peasants' pockets). Therefore, concerning economic policy, a solution was sought in the direction of neutralising the interference of accumulated balances by linking sale and purchase together. Hence, commodities would be sold to the peasantry only in exchange for the purchase of cash crops. Similarly, state farms would guarantee a certain part of the wage in kind to assure the flow of labour." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 206–7. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Running velocity"

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Jang, Jaeyoung, Jae Uk Cho, and Jong-Hyeon Park. "Foot placement method to change velocity of running biped robot." In 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2015.7364882.

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Cho, Jae Uk, Je Sung Yeon, and Jong Hyeon Park. "Stable running velocity change of biped robot based on virtual torque." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2012.6490983.

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Smelov, Artem, Aleksander Serdyukov, and Anton Duchkov. "Fast RTM for contrast velocity models based on modeling in a running strip." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17775607.1.

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Li, WenLiang, Wei Zhou, Lu Zhang, and ChunXiao Ren. "Fatigue reliability analysis of running system of large passenger vehicle considering velocity distribution." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmeceb-15.2016.126.

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Horiki, Daichi, Hiroyuki Kawai, Yoshihiro Kushima, Toshiyuki Murao, Yasunori Kawai, and Miyako Kishitani. "Tracking Control of FES Alternate Knee sBending and Stretching Trike in Consideration of Running Velocity." In IECON 2020 - 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254567.

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Alam, Md Mahbub, and Y. Zhou. "Fluid Dynamics Around an Inclined Cylinder With Running Water Rivulets." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98046.

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This paper presents the experimental study of fluid dynamics around an inclined circular cylinder with and without water running over its surface, covering the water rivulet formation, the fluid forces on the cylinder, the near-wake structure and their interrelationships. Two cylinder inclination angles (α) were investigated, i.e., 80° and 55°, respectively, with respect to incident flow. It has been found that water running over the cylinder surface may behave quite differently, depending on the incident flow velocity (U∞), which has subsequently a great impact upon fluid dynamics around the cylinder. As such, five flow categories are classified. Category A: one water rivulet was observed, irrespective of α, at the leading stagnation point at a small U∞. Category B: the rivulet splits into two, symmetrically arranged about the leading stagnation line, once U∞ exceeds a α-dependent critical value. The two rivulets may further switch back to one, and vice versa. Category C: two symmetrical straight rivulets occur constantly. Category D: the two rivulets shift towards the flow separation line with increasing U∞ and oscillate circumferentially. The oscillation reaches significant amplitude when the rivulets occur at about 70° from the leading stagnation point. This increased amplitude is coupled with a rapid climb in the mean and fluctuating drag and lift, fluctuating lift rising by a factor of near 5 at α = 80°. Meanwhile, the flow structure exhibits a marked variation, including a declining Strouhal number, reduced vortex formation length, velocity fluctuation and velocity deficit, improved two-dimensionality of the flow, increased coherence between vortex shedding and fluctuating lift, and dipped fluid damping at the vortex shedding frequency. All these observations point to the occurrence of a ‘lock-in’ phenomenon, i.e. the rivulet oscillation synchronizing with flow separation. Category E: the two rivulets shift further downstream just beyond the separation line; the shear layers behind the rivulets become highly turbulent, resulting in weakened vortex shedding, fluctuating fluid forces and fluctuating wake velocity. Based on the equilibrium of water rivulet weight, aerodynamic pressure and friction force between fluid and surface, analysis is developed to predict the rivulet position on the cylinder, which agrees well with measurements.
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Oshiro, Kentaro, Akira Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Emi Ohno, Makoto Echizenya, Katsuhide Fujita, and Takashi Saito. "Study on Dependency of Dynamic Properties in a Rolling Roller on Fine Coal Upon the Running Velocity." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87416.

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In previous study, the relation between dynamic behavior of the system and powder characteristic during rolling the roller on the fine coal spread over a table were investigated with the experimental equipment which consist of an elastic support roller system. In this study, we decreased rigidity of supporting part of experimental equipment to decrease natural frequency. These changes of structure enable us to specify a vibration during rolling the roller. We investigated rotating speed variation which is caused by roller slipping and horizontal vibration acceleration. In addition, we investigated relation between these experimental data and travel speed of the experimental equipment. As a result, both rotating speed variation and horizontal vibration acceleration increased with increasing of travel speed of the experimental equipment. After taking maximum value, both rotating speed variation and horizontal vibration acceleration decreased. To clear up the causes of the phenomenon, we investigated dependency of apparent friction coefficient upon slip ratio. However, noticeable dependency wasn’t represented. In addition, we calculated both horizontal vibration acceleration and RMS with frequency band limiting which is same range as natural frequency of the experimental equipment. As a result, it is found that natural frequency of the low level is excited as a main component and the excited frequency component changed to high level with increasing of travel speed of the experimental equipment.
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8

Sullivan, Timothy, and Justin Seipel. "Simple Leg Placement Strategy for a One Legged Running Model." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71372.

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The Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model was developed to describe center of mass movement patterns observed in animals, using only a springy leg and a point mass. However, SLIP is energy conserving and does not accurately represent any biological or robotic system. Still, this model is often used as a foundation for the investigation of improved legged locomotion models. One such model called Torque Damped SLIP (TD-SLIP) utilizes two additional parameters, a time dependent torque and dampening to drastically increase the stability. Forced Damped SLIP (FD-SLIP), a predecessor of TD-SLIP, has shown that this model can be further simplified by using a constant torque, instead of a time varying torque, while still maintaining stability. Using FD-SLIP as a base, this paper explores a leg placement strategy using a simple PI controller. The controller takes advantage of the fact that the energy state of FD-SLIP is symmetric entering and leaving the stance phase during steady state conditions. During the flight phase, the touch down leg angle is adjusted so that the energy dissipation due to dampening, during the stance phase, compensates for any imbalance of energy. This controller approximately doubles the region of stability when subjected to velocity perturbations at touchdown, enables the model to operate at considerably lower torque values, and drastically reduces the time required to recover from a perturbation, while using less energy. Finally, the leg placement strategy used effectively imitates the natural human response to velocity perturbations while running.
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Yeh, Ting-Chi, and Min-Chun Pan. "Online Real-Time Monitoring System Through Using Adaptive Angular-Velocity VKF Order Tracking." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70506.

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When rotary machines are running, acousto-mechanical signals acquired from the machines are able to reveal their operation status and machine conditions. Mechanical systems under periodic loading due to rotary operation usually respond in measurements with a superposition of sinusoids whose frequencies are integer (or fractional integer) multiples of the reference shaft speed. In this study we built an online real-time machine condition monitoring system based on the adaptive angular-velocity Vold-Kalman filtering order tracking (AV2KF_OT) algorithm, which was implemented through a DSP chip module and a user interface coded by the LabVIEW®. This paper briefly introduces the theoretical derivation and numerical implementation of computation scheme. Experimental works justify the effectiveness of applying the developed online real-time condition monitoring system. They are the detection of startup on the fluid-induced instability, whirl, performed by using a journal-bearing rotor test rig.
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Menon, Rajan K. "Three Component Velocity Measurements in the Interblade Region of a Fan." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-207.

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Optimizing aerodynamics and improving blade designs to make efficient power-generating machinery requires a good understanding of the rotor flow field. Swirl, flow instabilities, and high turbulence highlight the need for understanding the three-dimensional nature of the flow. Dynamic interaction between fluid and structural aspects in fluid machinery, impact of unsteady flows or loads, and enhancement of property transport can be studied through simultaneous measurement of three components of velocity. A three color, three component Laser Velocimeter System is used to simultaneously measure the three orthogonal components of velocity in the interblade region of a fan. The non-invasive nature of the technique combined with the very small measuring volume of the system provides detailed mapping of the flow field in the interblade region. The data acquisition package collects all the data available while the machine is running and sorts the raw data into bins corresponding to the various circumferential positions. Each velocity measurement — all three components — along with the circumferential position information is collected by a DEC PDP 11/23 Computer. The analysis package allows the user to examine a portion of the interblade region, look at alternate interblade gaps, omit data during blade passage, etc. Statistical properties such as mean, turbulence, skewness, flatness, Reynolds stress values, and projections in cross sectional planes are obtained and displayed as a function of circumferential position. Thus, the detailed properties of the three dimensional flow field are obtained from the three component LDV measurements.
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Reports on the topic "Running velocity"

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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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