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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Runes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Lagman, Svante. "De stungna runorna : Användning och ljudvärde i runsvenska steninskrifter." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302602.

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2

Altoft, John (John R. ). Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "RUNES : reasoning in uncertain nested evidence spaces." Ottawa, 1990.

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3

Palm, Rune. "Runor och regionalitet : studier av variation i de nordiska minneskrifterna /." Uppsala : Uppsala Univ, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35749223g.

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Doktorsavhandling--Institutionen för nordiska språk--Stockholm, 1992.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Runes and regionality : studies of variation in the Scandinavian commemorative inscriptions. Résumé en anglais.
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4

Åhlén, Marit. "Runristaren Öpir : en monografi /." Uppsala : Uppsala univ, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36698569c.

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5

Seim, Karin Fjellhammer. "De vestnordiske futhark-innskriftene fra vikingtid og middelalder : form og funksjon /." Trondheim : Univ, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37624005g.

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6

Stille, Per. "Runstenar och runristare i det vikingatida fjädrundaland : en studie i attribuering /." Uppsala : Uppsala univ, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37678896t.

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7

Giliberto, Concetta. "Le iscrizioni runiche sullo sfundo della cultura frisone altomedievale /." Göppingen : Kümmerle, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38907982c.

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8

Larsson, Patrik. "Yrrunan : användning och ljudvärde i nordiska runinskrifter /." Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsala universitet, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391415901.

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9

Birkmann, Thomas. "Von Ȧgedal bis Malt : die skandinavischen Runeninschriften vom Ende des 5. bis Ende des 9. Jahrhunderts /." Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37065995s.

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10

Symons, V. J. D. W. "Runes and Roman letters in the writing of Old English manuscripts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1414943/.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive study of Anglo-Saxon writings that contain embedded textual runic letters. Whilst all of the compositions included in this thesis have been discussed previously, this has not taken place in a single unified study. In addition, such previous studies tend to be biased heavily towards, on the one hand, treating the texts as literary constructs divorced from the manuscript page (with the runes interesting but marginal details) or, on the other, towards examining the runes alone and studying them for their linguistic and historical significance with little regard for the literary contexts in which they appear. My aim is to bridge this gap by providing close readings of the poems which focus primarily on their use of runes and the impact that this has on our understanding of both the runic and literary practices of the period. In this way, connections can be made between the different compositions in which runes are used, and a literary context can be proposed for this form of script-mixing. It is my argument that all of the works discussed in this thesis are in various ways thematically focused on acts of writing, visual communication, and the nature of the written word. The visual disconnect between the two scripts on the manuscript page allows the authors of these works to highlight the inherently written nature of their content. Moreover, the runic letters themselves are used in all of these texts specifically in order to represent the written word, in a way that roman letters are not. This thesis concludes that textual runes are consistently used throughout these works to signify not just specific letters or words that carry some importance within the texts, but simultaneously to represent the written word itself.
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11

Williams, Henrik. "Åsrunan : användning och ljurvärde i runsvenska steninskrifter /." Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357014149.

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12

Bryant, Jody M. "Pursuing West: The Viking Expeditions of North America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2508.

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The purpose to this thesis is to demonstrate the activity of the Viking presence, in North America. The research focuses on the use of stones, carved with runic inscriptions that have been discovered in Oklahoma, Maine, Rhode Island and Minnesota. The thesis discusses orthographic traits found in the inscriptions and gives evidence that links their primary use to fourteenth century Gotland. Also connecting the stones to Gotland, is the presence of an unusual rune dubbed the Hooked X. This single rune has been the center of controversy since it was first discovered in Minnesota, 1898. Since that time, it has been discovered in connection with two of the other North American Rune Stones, Christopher Columbus and the Cistercian -Templars of Gotland. As of this year (2015), more of the Hooked X symbology has been discovered in Templar churches in Scotland and Portugal.
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13

Williams, Henrik. "Åsrunan. Användning och ljudvärde i runsvenska steninskrifter." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282532.

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The runic alphabet in the Viking Age (ca. 800-1100) only consisted of 16 characters. These did not cover the Rune-Swedish phoneme system. One of the runes, the so-called os-rune, was used for at least 8 different phonemes. By tradition it has been used to date Viking Age runic inscriptions in the Scandinavian countries. The present work investigates the phonetic and phonemic value of the os-rune in Rune-Swedish inscriptions on stone, altogether 1,745 instances in 961 inscriptions. On the basis of the analysis, the accepted view of the chronological value of the os-rune is assessed, and is found to be non-valid. The regional variations in the use of the os-rune are also studied, particularly in the context of individual rune-carvers, but also to see if any dialectal variation is discernable. It is found that there is a marked consistency in the use of the os-rune for either rounded or unrounded vowels. Inscriptions, where both uses occur, are concentrated to one small geographical area. There are also areas, where the use of the os-rune for rounded vowels is the rule.

Digitaliserad utgåva 2016, kompletterad med en lista över viktigare rättelser


De vikingatida runinskrifternas kronologi
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14

Andersson, Elin. "Anonymous artefacts and revealing runes : Scandinavian runic artefacts from a gender perspective." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1544.

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The aim of this paper is to examine a group of runic artefacts dated to the Viking Age (800-1050 AD) from a gender perspective. The analysed material consists of 59 runic artefacts from Scandinavia, which differ in regards to base material, context and content. In the analysis, the material is separated, described and classified into different manageable groups of texts and artefacts. Several case studies are presented in the paper, based on information gathered from the inscriptions as well as the archaeological material. The main issue is whether it is possible to attribute runic artefacts to a specific gender by means of a combination of archaeological and philological methods.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera en grupp runristade föremål, daterade till vikingatid (800-1050) ur ett genusperspektiv. Den empiriska studien baseras på en studie av 59 runristade föremål av skiftande karaktär gällande material, kontext samt innehåll. Föremålen separeras och klassificeras enligt ett system uppbyggt av författaren för att belysa de olika förhållanden som existerar mellan inskription och artefakt. En kvantifiering av inskriptionerna samt de arkeologiska föremålen genomförs för att utröna huruvida det är möjligt att attribuera föremålen till ett specifikt vikingatida genus.
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15

Birkett, Thomas Eric. "Ráð Rétt Rúnar : reading the runes in Old English and Old Norse poetry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7ea1359-fedc-43a5-848b-7842a943ce96.

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Responding to the common plea in medieval inscriptions to ráð rétt rúnar, to ‘interpret the runes correctly’, this thesis provides a series of contextual readings of the runic topos in Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse poetry. The first chapter looks at the use of runes in the Old English riddles, examining the connections between material riddles and certain strategies used in the Exeter Book, and suggesting that runes were associated with a self-referential and engaged form of reading. Chapter 2 seeks a rationale for the use of runic abbreviations in Old English manuscripts, and proposes a poetic association with unlocking and revealing, as represented in Bede’s story of Imma. Chapter 3 considers the use of runes for their ornamental value, using 'Solomon and Saturn I' and the rune poems as examples of texts which foreground the visual and material dimension of writing, whilst Chapter 4 compares the depiction of runes in the heroic poems of the Poetic Edda with epigraphical evidence from the Migration Age, seeking to dispel the idea that they reflect historical practice. The final chapter looks at the construction of a mythology of writing in the Edda, exploring the ways in which myth reflects the social impacts of literacy. Taken together these approaches highlight the importance of reading the runes in poetry as literary constructs, the script often functioning as a form of metawriting, used to explore the parameters of literacy, and to draw attention to the process of writing itself.
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16

Schulte, Michael. "Grundfragen der Umlautphonemisierung : eine strukturelle Analyse des nordgermanischen i/j-Umlauts unter Berücksichtigung der älteren Runeninschriften /." Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37068301p.

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17

Lagman, Svante. "De stungna runorna : användning och ljudvärden i runsvenska steninskrifter /." Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35712980x.

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18

Looijenga, Jantina Helena. "Runes around the North Sea and on the Continent AD 150-700; texts & contexts." Groningen : [Groningen] : SSG Uitgeverij ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1997. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/163895791.

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19

Yu, Man-ching. "A portfolio of original compositions and an analysis of Joseph Schwantner's Distant runes and incantations." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1242.

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20

Mock, Sean. "Say What I am Called: A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Self-Referential Inscriptions." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20535.

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This thesis compiles a working corpus of Anglo-Saxon self-referential inscribed artifacts to examine how the inscriptions and supports utilize self-reference to push the viewer to understand the social and cultural significance of such objects. The inscriptions fall into two broad categories: personal inscriptions reinforce the prestige of the makers, owners, and commissioners associated with them, while impersonal inscriptions authorize philosophical and social discourse through the adoption of literary and oral types (i.e. genres). In addition to an analysis of specific artifacts—ranging from diminutive rings to monumental stone crosses—I provide a quantitative analysis that illustrates the different uses of languages, scripts, and object types. As opposed to literary texts, self-referential inscribed objects create internally complete hermeneutic units that connect the text’s discursive meaning with the function and significance of the thing itself. The inscriptions and their supports structure knowledge about Anglo-Saxon social relationships, liturgical practices, and cultural wisdom.
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21

Ihre, Johan Östlund Krister. "Johan Ihre on the origins and history of the runes : three Latin dissertations from the mid 18th century /." Uppsala : Uppsala university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39961728z.

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Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Latin--Uppsala, 2000.
Contient : "De runarum in Svecia antiquitate", "De runarum patria et origine", "De runarum in Svecia Occasu" Textes latins avec traductions anglaises en regard. Bibliogr. p. 360-375.
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22

Ihre, Johan Ihre Johan Ihre Johan Östlund Krister. "Johan Ihre on the origins and history of the runes three Latin dissertations from the mid 18th century /." Uppsala : Uppsala University Library, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43605704.html.

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23

Hupfauf, Peter Rudolf Martin. "Signs and symbols represented in Germanic, particularly Scandinavian, iconography between the Migration Period and the end of the Viking Age." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/662.

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This research focuses on the analysis of pictorial images from objects of Germanic/early Scandinavian cultures in order to discriminate elements which are only applied for decorative reasons from those which also express symbolic values. At the outset I introduced an interpretation of the terms 'signs' and 'symbols' in order to inform the reader to which extent these terms were applied. It appeared that techniques, such as the geographical and chronological classification, traditionally used by archaeologists and historians to analyse objects/artefacts, were not always sufficient enough to gain all information which images may offer. Sometimes it seems to be difficult to determine if certain images shown on objects from early mediaeval, central and northern European origin, were created as a space-filling decoration only or if they held additional, probably symbolic, information as well. I have investigated aspects from visual perception, as applied within the domains of psychology, visual art and design. The methods, as they are introduced in this thesis, can be used as a identification scheme, applied on objects of great diversity. I have applied them on guldgubber (little embossed gold foils), bracteates and Gotland picture-stones. Objects of great historical and geographic difference, as well as physical diversity, such as size and material were chosen purposely to create an overview of the symbolic expressions in Germanic/early Scandinavian artefacts and to test the extent of the identification method derived from the domain of visual perception. A detailed analysis of sixty four guldgubber, found in Lundeborg, near Gudme, on the island of Fyn (Denmark), is placed in an appendix. An analysis of these objects appeared to be particularly interesting because it is not known what the purpose of guldgubber were to the present day.
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24

Hupfauf, Peter Rudolf Martin. "Signs and symbols represented in Germanic, particularly Scandinavian, iconography between the Migration Period and the end of the Viking Age." University of Sydney. Centre for Medieval Studies, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/662.

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This research focuses on the analysis of pictorial images from objects of Germanic/early Scandinavian cultures in order to discriminate elements which are only applied for decorative reasons from those which also express symbolic values. At the outset I introduced an interpretation of the terms �signs� and �symbols� in order to inform the reader to which extent these terms were applied. It appeared that techniques, such as the geographical and chronological classification, traditionally used by archaeologists and historians to analyse objects/artefacts, were not always sufficient enough to gain all information which images may offer. Sometimes it seems to be difficult to determine if certain images shown on objects from early mediaeval, central and northern European origin, were created as a space-filling decoration only or if they held additional, probably symbolic, information as well. I have investigated aspects from visual perception, as applied within the domains of psychology, visual art and design. The methods, as they are introduced in this thesis, can be used as a identification scheme, applied on objects of great diversity. I have applied them on guldgubber (little embossed gold foils), bracteates and Gotland picture-stones. Objects of great historical and geographic difference, as well as physical diversity, such as size and material were chosen purposely to create an overview of the symbolic expressions in Germanic/early Scandinavian artefacts and to test the extent of the identification method derived from the domain of visual perception. A detailed analysis of sixty four guldgubber, found in Lundeborg, near Gudme, on the island of Fyn (Denmark), is placed in an appendix. An analysis of these objects appeared to be particularly interesting because it is not known what the purpose of guldgubber were to the present day.
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25

Conley, Christine Louise. "Love among the runes : allegory, gender and the symbolics of loss in the work of three twentieth century women." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242256.

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26

Karlsson-Lenardt, Anita. "Runstenarna i Kronobergs län : en studie i språk och utförande." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2546.

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to describe similarities and differences in the inscriptions of runestones in

today's county of Kronoberg, the former county of Värend and, in addition, a part of the former

county of Sunnerbo. The study is based on 27 remaining runestones which are analysed through

choice of words and runes, orthography and decorations.

The section of choice of words and runes are categorised and based on the choice of choosing

one particular word over another and of choosing one particular rune over another. Orthography is

based on the spelling of five particular words; efter, sten, reste, hjälpe and och. Monophtongisation

is discussed and analysed. The section of decorations has two subsections; 1) crucifixes and

”suns”, and 2) other forms of decoration.

The study showed that the runestones had some significant numbers of similarities and

differences. The study also showed that the option of choosing one word, or rune, over another was

probably a conscious choice made by the runic inscriber himself. The spelling of the five words

revealed a limited number of spelling choices, and that monophtongisation had occurred in some

words. The majority of the runestones had some form of decoration, usually a crucifix, which were

categorised. However, attribution could only be made in a few cases, due to the limited amount of

criteria used.

Keywords: crucifixes, decorations, Kronoberg, monophtongisation, runes, runestones, Sunnerbo,

Värend

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27

Bianchi, Marco. "Runor som resurs : Vikingatida skriftkultur i Uppland och Södermanland." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121586.

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The Viking Age rune-carvers and their readers used runes as a semiotic resource to convey and structure the messages on rune-stones. An analysis of the ways in which this resource is used together with other resources gives us a deeper insight into the relationship between writers and readers and into the written culture in which the rune-stones were produced. The present study treats runic carvings as multimodal texts in which different semiotic modes produce meaning by visual and verbal means. The roles played by runes in such texts are studied from three different perspectives. The empirical study in chapter 3 investigates how the verbal messages of the inscriptions interrelate with ornamental compositions. The most important convention found is that runic inscriptions usually start in the lower left part of the ornamental band in which they are inscribed. A second result is that there is a certain correlation between the visual and syntactic structure of runic texts. In chapter 4, Södermanlandic inscriptions employing more than one writing system are investigated. These carvings can be tied to a context of high social ambition in which at least two different, socially stratified discourses are expressed by means of the runes as a visual semiotic mode. Chapter 5 is devoted to non-lexical inscriptions, showing that such carvings are indeed runic texts despite their lack of verbal message. Different types of readers can use runic resources in different ways. Firstly, runes carry meaning independent of any verbal message, giving them significance even to illiterate readers. Secondly, literate readers can appreciate certain conventions of runic composition and, thirdly, one and the same runic text can be part of different discourses and hence be aimed at different kinds of readers.

Disputationen sker på norska och svenska

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28

Marez, Alain. "Les causes de la réduction du futhark germanique : les glides et le vocalisme." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040081.

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Cette recherche s'occupe d'analyser l'évolution de l'écriture runique, le seul mode (épigraphique) de fixation graphique du germanique. Entre la fin du 70 et le début du 90 siècle se produit un fait unique dans l'histoire des écritures : on assiste à une réduction du nombre des graphèmes en Scandinavie. D'un futhark à 24 signes notant le germanique commun, on passe à un futhark à 16 signes consacré à la notation du nordique au cours de la période des vikings et au-delà. Les explications du phénomène sont partielles ou insuffisantes. La simple comparaison des inventaires graphiques des deux futhark aboutit à des conclusions minimales (simplification ou rationalisation du système graphique !). L'analyse strictement linguistique ne rend pas compte de la réduction dans sa totalité (vocalisme!). Mais une analyse des liens fonctionnels entre phonème et graphème parvient à établir que l'évolution d'un système graphique n'est qu'une succession de systèmes graphophonologiques illustrant une distorsion entre systèmes graphique et phonologique. L'analyse de cette donnée immédiate depuis les premiers textes jusqu'au début du 80 siècle en Scandinavie montre une normalité certaine dans la disparition de certains graphèmes. Quant à l'élimination de la notation des ouvertures moyennes, lesquelles persistent dans la chaine phonique, elle s'explique par leur disparition dans les syllabes atones et par la modification de leur signifie phonique sous l'accent due aux phénomènes de métaphonie et de fracture. Le principe acrophonique interdit la réutilisation de ces runes pour les ouvertures moyennes. Le passage du futhark à 24 signes au futhark scandinave à 16 signes trouve donc son explication dans la destruction du système graphophonologique. Le futhark de l'époque des vikings, héritier d'un inventaire graphique réduit doit inventer de nouveau moyens graphiques pour transcrire un système phonologique en expansion, en particulier pour le vocalisme
This research attempts to analyze the evolution of runic writing, the sole epigraphic mode of graphical fixation of Germanic. In between the end of the seventh century and the early ninth century, a unique fact in the history of writing can be observed: the number of graphems is reduced in Scandinavia. A 24-sign futhark noting common Germanic evolves towards a 16-sign futhark for Nordic notation at the time of the Vikings and after. The explanations for this phenomenon are incomplete or insufficient. The simple comparison of graphical inventories of both futhark rows leads to minimal conclusions (simplification or rationalization of the graphical system!). A strict linguistic analysis does not fully explain the reduction (vocalism!). But an analysis of functional links between phonem and graphem clearly establishes evolution of a graphical system represents simply a succession of graphophonological systems that illustrates a distortion between graphical and phonological systems. The analysis of this immediate datum from the earliest texts up to the eighth century in Scandinavia evidences a clear normality in the disappearance of certain graphems. As for the elimination of the notation of mid-range apertures, which persists in the phonic chain, it can be explained by their disappearance in unstressed syllables as well as by the modification of their phonic value under the stress due to the phenomena of mutation and breaking. The acrophonic principle prohibits the reutilization of such runes for mid-range apertures. The transition from the 24-sign futhark to the 16-sign Scandinavian futhark finds its explanation in the destruction of the graphophonological system. The futhark at the time of the Vikings, based on a reduced graphical inventory, is obliged to devise new graphical means to transcribe an expanding phonological system, especially for the vocalism
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小澤, 実. "書評: コンテクストの中のルーン Terje Spurkland, Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Woodbrige: Boydell & Brewer 2005, ix + 206 p." 津田塾大学バルト=スカンディナヴィア研究会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13992.

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30

Wills, Tarrin. "The foundation of grammar : an edition of the first section of Óláfr Þorðarson's grammatical treatise." Phd thesis, Faculty of Arts, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17149.

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31

Hermansson, Marleen. "Metaphor and Metonymy Related to the Concept of Anger in the Television Series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149228.

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This study explores uses of metaphor and metonymy related to the concept of anger in the American television series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles from 2012. The theoretical framework of the study is Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The data consists of metaphors and metonymies in the verbal and the pictorial mode. The pictorial data are visual expressions of the type called pictorial runes. In both modes, the underlying conceptual metaphors are identified, and the results are then compared between modes. The main finding is that the verbal mode contains a greater variety of metaphorical expressions. Explanations suggested for differences found between modes are: different technical possibilities of the two modes; universality in the pictorial mode and language specific metaphors as well as universal ones in the verbal mode; a connection of pictorial and verbal data respectively to different genres within the series; and the different narrator roles between the two modes.
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Sandberg, Viktoria. "Den analfabetiska ön : Om runinskrifternas relation till centralplatser under folkvandringstiden i Sverige." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48764.

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This essay studies the runic inscriptions from the Migration period in Sweden and their connection to central places. The essays main focus is to identify the find location of the runic inscriptions and through that investigate if they appear in or nearby a central place from the same time period. The essay is divided into three different parts, in the first part I locate the runic inscriptions location of discovery. The second part contains locating defined central places or central areas in or nearby the location of the runic inscriptions. In the last part I separate the runic inscriptions and the objects material on which it is found upon, in order to identify if it is the inscription itself, or the object itself, which can be linked to centrality in the landscape. The result of the study shows that 10 % of the treated runic inscriptions are found in a defined central place during the Migration period in Sweden. 67 % of the runic inscriptions has been found in defined central areas, which all together means that 77 % of the treated runic inscriptions are connected to centrality in the landscape during the Migration period in Sweden. Furthermore, 15 % of the inscriptions can possibly be linked to central areas and the last 8 % show no connection to any sort of centrality in the landscape.
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33

Kritzinger, Pierre. "Improved nonparametric control charts for location based on runs-rules." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31132.

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Numerous nonparametric or distribution-free control charts have been proposed and studied in recent years; see, for example, the overview articles by Chakraborti et al. (2001), Chakraborti and Graham (2007) and Chakraborti et al. (2010). Among the various nonparametric charts, the basic Shewhart-type sign chart for case K (i.e. when the process parameters are known) proposed by Amin et al. (1995) and the basic Shewhart-type precedence chart for case U (i.e. when the process parameters are unknown) proposed by Chakraborti et. al. (2004) have received a lot of attention. For example, Human et al. (2010) and Chakraborti et al. (2009a) extended the basic Shewhart-type sign and precedence charts (which signals when the first plotting statistic plots on or outside the control limits), respectively by incorporating runs-rules. In this dissertation the focus is specifically on the nonparametric Shewhart-type sign and precedence control charts. The goal is to further generalize these two charts by introducing improved runs-rules in an attempt to enhance the out-of-control performance of these charts; specifically for large (or larger) shifts. To evaluate the benefits of these new improved runs-rules sign and precedence charts, their in-control and out-of-control run-length distributions are evaluated and studied; this is done predominantly by using a Markov chain approach (for both case K and case U) coupled with the idea of conditioning by expectation and the unconditioning (for case U, see, for example the work of Chakraborti et al. (2009a), Chakraborti et al. (2004) and Chakraborti (2000)). The dissertation consists of five chapters, a brief description of the contents is provided below: Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to Statistical Process Control. This will aid in familiarizing the reader with concepts and terminology that are helpful to the following chapters. Chapter 2 is dedicated to a discussion on the different methods to calculate the run-length distribution of a control chart. The focus is on the Markov chain approach, since the Markov chain approach is used in this dissertation to calculate the run-length distribution of the sign and precedence charts with improved runs-rules incorporated.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Statistics
MSc
Unrestricted
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34

Stille, Leif. "Samband mellan hällbilder och runor? : Samlokaliseringar och gemensamma symboliseringar av levnadsvärlden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46487.

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Författaren till denna uppsats har ett brett allmänt intresse av alla tänkbara relationer mellan hällbilder och runor ur ett vitt spektrum av aspekter såsom kronologiska, kulturella, epokmässiga, geografiska, semiotiska, språkfunktionella och skrifthistoriska. Särskilt intressant vore att kartlägga och analysera, hur hällbilder och runor kan symboliskt uttrycka religiösa, rituella, kosmologiska och livsåskådningsmässiga föreställningar och ideal. Andra viktiga faktorer, som måste beaktas, är kulturkontinuitet och hur forntidens människor såg på sina ännu äldre föregångares kultur, föreställningar och livsföring. Uppsatsen måste dock begränsa sig att främst behandla två specialområden dels lokaler med överlappande förekomster av hällristningar och runor, dels en jämförelse mellan runnamnens semantiska sfärer och symboliseringar av väsentliga delar i livsvärlden hos de mest frekventa skandinaviska hällbildsfigurstyperna. De frågor uppsatsen vill besvara är primärt: 1/ Vilka samlokaliseringar av hällbilder och runor finns det? 2/ Verkar runinskrifterna på dessa samlokaliseringar kommentera eller anspela på hällbilderna och i så fall hur? 3/ Vilka semantiska sfärer representerar runnamnen och vilka komponenter i de dåtida människornas levnadsvärld refererar de till? 4/ Finns det hällbildsfigurer, som rimligen kan sägas symbolisera samma levnadsvärldskomponenter som runorna? För att besvara dessa frågor presenteras: A/ fem samlokaliseringar av hällbilder och runor; B/ tolkningar av samspelet mellan de fem lokalernas hällbilder och runor; C/ en genomgång av de äldre runnamnens betydelser; D/ förslag på hällbildsfigurer, som symboliskt skulle motsvara runnamnen.  En angenäm effekt av denna uppsats vore, om den kunde leda till en rekategorisering av hällbildernas motiv och symboler utifrån runsystemets förutsatta levnadsvärld och kosmologi..
The author of this thesis has a broad general interest in all imaginable relations between rock art and runes out of a wide spectrum of aspects such as cronological, cultural, epochic, geografic, semiotic, linguistic and the history of writing. It would be specially interesting to describe (map down) and analyse how rock art and runes in a symbolic way can express beliefs and ideals out of a religious, ritual and cosmological  conception of life. Other important considerations are continuity of culture and how ancient people looked at the culture, beliefs, ideas and living of their ancesters. This thesis has to be limited to deal with two areas, firstly lokacations with overlapping occurrence of rock art and runes and secondly a comparison of the semantic sphere of the names of the runes and symbolizations of important parts of life that can be seen in the most frequently occurring Scandinavian types of rock art figures. The thesis primarily wants to answer the following questions: 1) Which common localisations of rock art and runes are there? 2) Do the runes in these colocalization seem to comment or allude to the rock art? If so, in what way? 3) Which semantic spheres do the names of the runes represent and to which components in the life world of the ancient people do they refere? 4) Are there rock art figures who probably can be said to symbolize the same components of life world as the runes? To answer these questions I will present: A) five common lokalisations of rock art and runes. B) interpretations of the interaction of the rock art and runes in these five lokalisations. C) a catalogue of the meanings of the names of the older runes. D) proposals concerning rock art figures which in a symbolic way could correspond the rune names. A pleasant effect of this thesis would be, if it could leed to a recategorization of the motives and symbols of rock art from the provided life world and cosmology of the runes.
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Pereswetoff-Morath, Sofia. "Vikingatida runbleck : Läsningar och tolkningar." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319846.

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Föreliggande avhandling syftar till att utveckla läsningen och tolkningen av inskrifterna på de i dagsläget 46 kända vikingatida runblecken. Målet är att ge en så tydlig bild som möjligt av inskriftsgenren vikingatida runbleck. I detta syfte har upprepade fältundersökningar av runblecken genomförts med stereomikroskop. På grundval av på så vis etablerade nya läsningar föreslås nya tolkningar till de mest problematiska ställena i de tidigare tolkade runblecksinskrifterna. Nya tolkningsförslag ges även för runblecksinskrifter som tidigare har ansetts vara olexikaliska. Utöver nya läsningar och tolkningar resulterar denna studie i en kartläggning av relationen mellan runblecksinskrifternas innehåll och form å den enda sidan och runbleckens fyndmiljöer och utseende å den andra.
The aim of this dissertation is to represent as clearly as possible the genre of Viking-Age runic plates by developing readings and interpretations of the inscriptions on the 46 metal plates with runes from the Viking Age known today. Several investigations of the runic plates have been conducted with a stereomicroscope for this purpose. On the basis of the new readings thus established, new interpretations have been proposed for the most problematic sections of previously interpreted inscriptions. New interpretations are also offered for inscriptions on runic plates which have previously been considered non-lexical. As well as providing new readings and interpretations, this study has resulted in clarification of the relationship between the form and content of the inscriptions on the runic plates on the one hand and on their find circumstances and appearance on the other.
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McNair, Lynn Jacqueline. "'Rules, rules, rules and we're not allowed to skip'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22942.

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Despite the breadth of research on the educational transition of young children, there has been little evidence, in Scotland, of this knowledge impacting on every day practice. The overall contention that emerges from the literature is that some children positively embrace the experience, while others face challenges and risk failure and regression. There is a need for research into the transition from the early years setting to school, which holds promise that the findings will be disseminated to stakeholders locally, nationally and internationally with the aim that the perspectives of young children are heard. This ethnographic study is an examination of the perspectives of 16 young children as they transition from an early years centre, Lilybank, to four primary schools, Northfield, Southfield, Eastfield and Westfield, in a Scottish city. Seven key qualitative questions were asked which explored how children, parents and professionals experienced this educational transition. Data was gathered from empirical methods such as participant observations, mind–mapping sessions, interviews and documentation – e.g., council procedures and school handbooks. Participant observations took place in the early years setting and the participating schools. Most of the interviews took place in the children’s homes, or in a convenient environment for the family, such as a local cafeteria. An analysis of the data shows that power is a central concept in understanding transitions. The voices of children, and their families, are often silenced by policy-makers, bureaucrats and professionals during the process, or overshadowed and undermined by mainstream procedures. Children are expected to become acquiescent, adjusting to coercive practices used in the school institution. However, the findings also show that some children find ways to creatively resist organisation. Unique life journeys involve differences and from their individual experiences, children construct elaborate knowledge. The views of children can (and do) add nuance to our understanding of how power impacts on their transition experience. Children’s accounts of discipline strategies used by the schools were insightful. The concept of power is under-theorised and under-explored in transitions. This study, therefore, adds to the growing body of transition research. Further, the findings of this study stress the need for policy makers and institutions to reflect on and question the complex role of power in young children’s transitions.
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Nielsen, Camilla Paulsson. "Skeppslagens runstenar : Vaxholms och Österåkers minnesstenar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193416.

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Despite being in a geographical area abundant of rune stones, there are few found in the Stockholm archipelago. This paper explores these stones and why this is by examining the preserved rune stones in two archipelago municipals; Vaxholm and Österåker, their locations and who placed the stones there.
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38

Zacharopoulos, Themistoklis. "Orð Víkinganna. The level and scale of literacy in the Viking World : The cases of Birka and Sigtuna." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433671.

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This thesis aims to study the level and scale of literacy as it expanded in Viking towns during the 8th-12th century. In order to get an understanding of this spread, I have worked with two case-studies of Viking towns, as they were founded and prospered during and by the end of the Viking Age in Sweden; the town of Birka located in Björkö Island in Lake Mälaren, and the town of Sigtuna located in the province of Uppland, in central Sweden. Through the study of selected archaeological material, this paper aims to bring together scattered information and shed light on what we know about the level and spread of literacy in Viking society. The purpose of this endeavour, is to question not only the notion of an illiterate pagan society that the Viking Age Scandinavians are considered to have been, but also question both the methodology in which the scholarly archaeological community studies literacy, as well as the way literacy itself is defined in the study of the ancient world. The paper includes a bibliographic and a material-studying approach, as well as a section where digital archaeological research methods are used with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software in order to illustrate the level and scale of literary expansion in Viking Age Sweden.

The proceedings of the Thesis defence were undertaken in the form of a web meeting via Zoom, in accordance to the local restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

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39

Soto, Raymond. "First Rules." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1991. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/636.

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40

Bjöörn, Christopher, and Jacob Johnsson. "Universe-defining rules." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4938.

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Abstrakt I detta arbete undersöks hur konceptet lek går att applicera på digitala spel och hur man presenterar ett fiktivt universum och de regler som definierar det universumet. Syftet med denna undersökning är att öka kvaliteten på digitala spel för spelare genom att öka förståelsen för hur sådana regler introduceras. Frågeställningen som ämnas att besvaras är “hur kan man introducera realistiska, semi-realistiska och fiktiva regler i ett spel?”. Undersökningen baseras delvis på analyser kring varför vissa introduktioner av regler ofta accepteras och andra inte, dels på utvärdering av en gestaltning och dels på tidigare forskning. Denna undersökning är indelad i två delar; en researchdel och en produktionsdel. För att besvara frågan har research skett kring vad som känns till sedan tidigare och ett digitalt spel har producerats där den stora regeln som skiljer verkligheten från detta fiktiva universum är paranormal aktivitet, eller spöken. Nyckelord: regler, magisk cirkel, inlevelse och spelproduktion. Abstract In this work the concept of play and how it may be applied to digital games and how to introduce a fictional universe and the rules that define that universe is being investigated. The purpose of this work is to increase the quality of digital games by increasing our understanding of how such rules may be introduced. The question to be answered is “how may realistic, semi-realistic and fictional rules be introduced in a digital game?”. This work is based partly on analyses on why some introductions of rules are often accepted and some often not, partly on evaluation of a product created by us and partly on earlier research. This work is split into two parts; one research part and one production part. To answer the question research about what is previously known has been conducted and a digital game has been produced where the main rule that separates the fictional universe from ours is paranormal activity, or ghosts. Keywords: Rules, magical circle, immersion and game production.
Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.
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41

Anderson, Grant. "Random Relational Rules." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2562.

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In the field of machine learning, methods for learning from single-table data have received much more attention than those for learning from multi-table, or relational data, which are generally more computationally complex. However, a significant amount of the world's data is relational. This indicates a need for algorithms that can operate efficiently on relational data and exploit the larger body of work produced in the area of single-table techniques. This thesis presents algorithms for learning from relational data that mitigate, to some extent, the complexity normally associated with such learning. All algorithms in this thesis are based on the generation of random relational rules. The assumption is that random rules enable efficient and effective relational learning, and this thesis presents evidence that this is indeed the case. To this end, a system for generating random relational rules is described, and algorithms using these rules are evaluated. These algorithms include direct classification, classification by propositionalisation, clustering, semi-supervised learning and generating random forests. The experimental results show that these algorithms perform competitively with previously published results for the datasets used, while often exhibiting lower runtime than other tested systems. This demonstrates that sufficient information for classification and clustering is retained in the rule generation process and that learning with random rules is efficient. Further applications of random rules are investigated. Propositionalisation allows single-table algorithms for classification and clustering to be applied to the resulting data, reducing the amount of relational processing required. Further results show that techniques for utilising additional unlabeled training data improve accuracy of classification in the semi-supervised setting. The thesis also develops a novel algorithm for building random forests by making efficient use of random rules to generate trees and leaves in parallel.
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42

Peixoto, Nelson Brissac. "Decors en ruines." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010622.

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Il s'agit d'un essai, au travers d'oeuvres de la litterature et du cinema contemporains, sur la derive d'individus perdus dans un monde simule et imagetique. Le detective prive, le cowboy, le voyageur, l'etranger, rues obscures, deserts, lieux de bord de route et villes abandonnees : des personnages et decors qui, repris par le cinema et inscrits dans l'architecture urbaine, faconnent l'experience et la sensibilite contemporaines. Cette etude cherche a montrer comment le mouvement incessant des protagonistes dessine differentes phases de constitution de notre imagerie. La ville apparait ici comme decor, etant donne le caractere cinetique et iconographique de son architecture. Mais l'artificialite croissante de ce monde s'accompagne de la decadence immediate de tout ce qui est reste en arriere, depasse par le mouvement : ces decors brillants et colores se dressent au milieu de ruines.
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43

Linnik, Y. N. "Sales promotion rules." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19899.

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44

Zhang, Haoning. "Indexed semantic mapping rules." Zurich : ETH, Swiss Federal Institut of Technology, Institute of Information Systems, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=449.

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45

Ingalls, Linda Kay. "Feature rules in TOPSS /." Connect to unofficial online version of: Feature rules in TOPSS, 2005. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/18757/1/IngallsLinda.pdf.

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46

Koh, Yun Sing, and n/a. "Generating sporadic association rules." University of Otago. Department of Computer Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070711.115758.

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Association rule mining is an essential part of data mining, which tries to discover associations, relationships, or correlations among sets of items. As it was initially proposed for market basket analysis, most of the previous research focuses on generating frequent patterns. This thesis focuses on finding infrequent patterns, which we call sporadic rules. They represent rare itemsets that are scattered sporadically throughout the database but with high confidence of occurring together. As sporadic rules have low support the minabssup (minimum absolute support) measure was proposed to filter out any rules with low support whose occurrence is indistinguishable from that of coincidence. There are two classes of sporadic rules: perfectly sporadic and imperfectly sporadic rules. Apriori-Inverse was then proposed for perfectly sporadic rule generation. It uses a maximum support threshold and user-defined minimum confidence threshold. This method is designed to find itemsets which consist only of items falling below a maximum support threshold. However imperfectly sporadic rules may contain items with a frequency of occurrence over the maximum support threshold. To look for these rules, variations of Apriori-Inverse, namely Fixed Threshold, Adaptive Threshold, and Hill Climbing, were proposed. However these extensions are heuristic. Thus the MIISR algorithm was proposed to find imperfectly sporadic rules using item constraints, which capture rules with a single-item consequent below the maximum support threshold. A comprehensive evaluation of sporadic rules and current interestingness measures was carried out. Our investigation suggests that current interestingness measures are not suitable for detecting sporadic rules.
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Secky, Frank Michael. "Wittgenstein, rules, and normativity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51796.pdf.

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48

Baldock, Emily. "Rules of non-enforcement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418838.

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Hsu, L. H. "Ethics and sports rules." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508932.

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50

Badinger, Harald, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Determinants of fiscal rules." Taylor & Francis, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5478/1/Manuscript.pdf.

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This paper empirically assesses determinants of countries' fiscal rules suggested by the political science, sociology, and economics literature. We find several of these variables to be related to the stringency of fiscal rules, providing indirect evidence for the relevance of governments' deficit bias. These determinants may also serve as instruments in models with (endogenous) fiscal rules as explanatory variable.
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