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Journal articles on the topic 'Run-And-Tumble particles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 November 2024

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1

Paoluzzi, Matteo, Andrea Puglisi, and Luca Angelani. "Entropy Production of Run-and-Tumble Particles." Entropy 26, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26060443.

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We analyze the entropy production in run-and-tumble models. After presenting the general formalism in the framework of the Fokker–Planck equations in one space dimension, we derive some known exact results in simple physical situations (free run-and-tumble particles and harmonic confinement). We then extend the calculation to the case of anisotropic motion (different speeds and tumbling rates for right- and left-oriented particles), obtaining exact expressions of the entropy production rate. We conclude by discussing the general case of heterogeneous run-and-tumble motion described by space-dependent parameters and extending the analysis to the case of d-dimensional motions.

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2

Redig, F., and H. van Wiechen. "Stationary Fluctuations of Run-and-Tumble Particles." Markov Processes And Related Fields 30, no. 2024 №2 (30) (August 26, 2024): 297–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.61102/1024-2953-mprf.2024.30.2.003.

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We study the stationary fluctuations of independent run-and-tumble particles. We prove that the joint densities of particles with given internal state converges to an infinite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We also consider an interacting case, where the particles are subjected to exclusion. We then study the fluctuations of the total density, which is a non-Markovian Gaussian process, and obtain its covariance in closed form. By considering small noise limits of this non-Markovian Gaussian process, we obtain in a concrete example a large deviation rate function containing memory terms.

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3

Paoluzzi, M., R. Di Leonardo, and L. Angelani. "Run-and-tumble particles in speckle fields." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 26, no. 37 (August 8, 2014): 375101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/37/375101.

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4

Solon, A. P., M. E. Cates, and J. Tailleur. "Active brownian particles and run-and-tumble particles: A comparative study." European Physical Journal Special Topics 224, no. 7 (July 2015): 1231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2015-02457-0.

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5

Martinez, Raul, Francisco Alarcon, Juan Luis Aragones, and Chantal Valeriani. "Trapping flocking particles with asymmetric obstacles." Soft Matter 16, no. 20 (2020): 4739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02427a.

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6

Gutiérrez, C. Miguel Barriuso, Christian Vanhille-Campos, Francisco Alarcón, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, Ricardo Brito, and Chantal Valeriani. "Collective motion of run-and-tumble repulsive and attractive particles in one-dimensional systems." Soft Matter 17, no. 46 (2021): 10479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01006a.

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7

Peruani, Fernando, and Gustavo J. Sibona. "Reaction processes among self-propelled particles." Soft Matter 15, no. 3 (2019): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01502c.

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8

Bijnens, Bram, and Christian Maes. "Pushing run-and-tumble particles through a rugged channel." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2021, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 033206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/abe29e.

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9

Singh, Chamkor. "Correction: Guided run-and-tumble active particles: wall accumulation and preferential deposition." Soft Matter 18, no. 3 (2022): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm90221k.

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10

Elgeti, Jens, and Gerhard Gompper. "Run-and-tumble dynamics of self-propelled particles in confinement." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 109, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 58003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/109/58003.

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11

Zhang, Ziluo, and Gunnar Pruessner. "Field theory of free run and tumble particles in d dimensions." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, no. 4 (January 7, 2022): 045204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac37e6.

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Abstract In this work, Doi–Peliti field theory is used to describe the motion of free run and tumble particles in arbitrary dimensions. After deriving action and propagators, the mean squared displacement and the corresponding entropy production at stationarity are calculated in this framework. We further derive the field theory of free active Brownian particles in two dimensions for comparison.

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12

Mano, Tomoyuki, Jean-Baptiste Delfau, Junichiro Iwasawa, and Masaki Sano. "Optimal run-and-tumble–based transportation of a Janus particle with active steering." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 13 (March 14, 2017): E2580—E2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616013114.

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Although making artificial micrometric swimmers has been made possible by using various propulsion mechanisms, guiding their motion in the presence of thermal fluctuations still remains a great challenge. Such a task is essential in biological systems, which present a number of intriguing solutions that are robust against noisy environmental conditions as well as variability in individual genetic makeup. Using synthetic Janus particles driven by an electric field, we present a feedback-based particle-guiding method quite analogous to the “run-and-tumbling” behavior of Escherichia coli but with a deterministic steering in the tumbling phase: the particle is set to the run state when its orientation vector aligns with the target, whereas the transition to the “steering” state is triggered when it exceeds a tolerance angle α. The active and deterministic reorientation of the particle is achieved by a characteristic rotational motion that can be switched on and off by modulating the ac frequency of the electric field, which is reported in this work. Relying on numerical simulations and analytical results, we show that this feedback algorithm can be optimized by tuning the tolerance angle α. The optimal resetting angle depends on signal to noise ratio in the steering state, and it is shown in the experiment. The proposed method is simple and robust for targeting, despite variability in self-propelling speeds and angular velocities of individual particles.

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13

de Pirey, Thibaut Arnoulx, and Frédéric van Wijland. "A run-and-tumble particle around a spherical obstacle: the steady-state distribution far-from-equilibrium." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2023, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 093202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ace42d.

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Abstract We investigate the steady-state distribution function of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) evolving around a repulsive hard spherical obstacle. We demonstrate that the well-documented activity-induced attraction translates into a delta-peak accumulation at the obstacle’s surface accompanied by an algebraic divergence of the density profile close to the obstacle. We obtain the full form of the distribution function in the regime where the typical distance run by the particle between two consecutive tumbles is much larger than the obstacle’s size. This finding provides an expression for the low-density pair distribution function of a fluid of highly persistent hard-core RTP. It also advances an expression for the steady-state probability distribution of highly ballistic active Brownian particles and active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particles around hard spherical obstacles.

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14

Grange, Pascal, and Xueqi Yao. "Run-and-tumble particles on a line with a fertile site." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 54, no. 32 (July 22, 2021): 325007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac0ebe.

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15

Bertrand, Thibault, Pierre Illien, Olivier Bénichou, and Raphaël Voituriez. "Dynamics of run-and-tumble particles in dense single-file systems." New Journal of Physics 20, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 113045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aaef6f.

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16

Santra, Ion, Urna Basu, and Sanjib Sabhapandit. "Run-and-tumble particles in two dimensions under stochastic resetting conditions." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2020, no. 11 (November 27, 2020): 113206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/abc7b7.

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17

Santra, Ion, Urna Basu, and Sanjib Sabhapandit. "Long time behavior of run-and-tumble particles in two dimensions." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2023, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 033203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/acbc22.

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Abstract We study the long-time asymptotic behavior of the position distribution of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in two dimensions in the presence of translational diffusion and show that the distribution at a time t can be expressed as a perturbative series in ( γ t ) − 1 , where γ −1 is the persistence time of the RTP. We show that the higher order corrections to the leading order Gaussian distribution generically satisfy an inhomogeneous diffusion equation where the source term depends on the previous order solutions. The explicit solution of the inhomogeneous equation requires the position moments, and we develop a recursive formalism to compute the same. We find that the subleading corrections undergo shape transitions as the translational diffusion is increased.

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18

Derivaux, Jean-François, Robert L. Jack, and Michael E. Cates. "Active–passive mixtures with bulk loading: a minimal active engine in one dimension." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2023, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 083212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/acecfa.

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Abstract We study a one-dimensional mixture of active (run-and-tumble) particles and passive (Brownian) particles, with single-file constraint, in a sawtooth potential. The active particles experience a ratchet effect and this generates a current, which can push passive particles against an applied load. The resulting system operates as an active engine. Using numerical simulations, we analyse the efficiency of this engine and we discuss how it can be optimised. Efficient operation occurs when the active particles self-organise into teams, which can push the passive ones against large loads by leveraging collective behaviour. We discuss how the particle arrangement, conserved under the single-file constraint, affects the engine efficiency. We also show that relaxing this constraint still allows the engine to operate effectively.

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19

Das, Arghya, Abhishek Dhar, and Anupam Kundu. "Gap statistics of two interacting run and tumble particles in one dimension." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 53, no. 34 (August 7, 2020): 345003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ab9cf3.

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20

Put, Stefanie, Jonas Berx, and Carlo Vanderzande. "Non-Gaussian anomalous dynamics in systems of interacting run-and-tumble particles." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019, no. 12 (December 23, 2019): 123205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab4e90.

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21

Angelani, Luca. "Run-and-tumble particles, telegrapher’s equation and absorption problems with partially reflecting boundaries." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 48, no. 49 (November 16, 2015): 495003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/48/49/495003.

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22

Cates, M. E., and J. Tailleur. "When are active Brownian particles and run-and-tumble particles equivalent? Consequences for motility-induced phase separation." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 101, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 20010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/101/20010.

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23

Mallmin, Emil, Richard A. Blythe, and Martin R. Evans. "Exact spectral solution of two interacting run-and-tumble particles on a ring lattice." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 013204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aaf631.

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24

Banerjee, Tirthankar, Robert L. Jack, and Michael E. Cates. "Tracer dynamics in one dimensional gases of active or passive particles." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac4801.

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Abstract We consider one-dimensional systems comprising either active run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) or passive Brownian random walkers. These particles are either noninteracting or have hardcore exclusions. We study the dynamics of a single tracer particle embedded in such a system—this tracer may be either active or passive, with hardcore exclusion from environmental particles. In an active hardcore environment, both active and passive tracers show long-time subdiffusion: displacements scale as t 1/4 with a density-dependent prefactor that is independent of tracer type, and differs from the corresponding result for passive-in-passive subdiffusion. In an environment of noninteracting active particles, the passive-in-passive results are recovered at low densities for both active and passive tracers, but transient caging effects slow the tracer motion at higher densities, delaying the onset of any t 1/4 regime. For an active tracer in a passive environment, we find more complex outcomes, which depend on details of the dynamical discretization scheme. We interpret these results by studying the density distribution of environmental particles around the tracer. In particular, sticking of environment particles to the tracer cause it to move more slowly in noninteracting than in interacting active environments, while the anomalous behaviour of the active-in-passive cases stems from a ‘snowplough’ effect whereby a large pile of diffusive environmental particles accumulates in front of an RTP tracer during a ballistic run.

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25

Khodabandehlou, Faezeh, and Christian Maes. "Local detailed balance for active particle models." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2024, no. 6 (June 26, 2024): 063205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ad5435.

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Abstract Starting from a Huxley-type model for an agitated vibrational mode, we propose an embedding of standard active particle models in terms of two-temperature processes. One temperature refers to an ambient thermal bath, and the other temperature effectively describes ‘hot spots,’ i.e. systems with few degrees of freedom showing important population homogenization or even inversion of energy levels as a result of activation. That setup admits to quantitatively specifying the resulting nonequilibrium driving, rendering local detailed balance to active particle models, and making easy contact with thermodynamic features. In addition, we observe that the shape transition in the steady low-temperature behavior of run-and-tumble particles (with the interesting emergence of edge states at high persistence) is stable and occurs for all temperature differences, including close to equilibrium.

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26

Derivaux, Jean-François, Robert L. Jack, and Michael E. Cates. "Rectification in a mixture of active and passive particles subject to a ratchet potential." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac601f.

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Abstract We study by simulation a mixture of active (run-and-tumble) and passive (Brownian) particles with repulsive exclusion interactions in one dimension, subject to a ratchet (smoothed sawtooth) potential. Such a potential is known to rectify active particles at one-body level, creating a net current in the ‘easy direction’. This is the direction in which one encounters the lower maximum force en route to the top of a potential barrier. The exclusion constraint results in single-file motion, so the mean velocities of active and passive particles are identical; we study the effects of activity level, Brownian diffusivity, particle size, initial sequence of active and passive particles, and active/passive concentration ratio on this mean velocity (i.e. the current per particle). We show that in some parameter regimes the sign of the current is reversed. This happens when the passive particles are at high temperature and so would cross barriers relatively easily, and without rectification, except that they collide with ‘cold’ active ones, which would otherwise be localized near the potential minima. In this case, the reversed current arises because hot passive particles push cold active ones preferentially in the direction with the lower spatial separation between the bottom and top of the barrier. A qualitatively similar mechanism operates in a mixture containing passive particles of two very different temperatures, although there is no quantitative mapping between that case and the systems studied here.

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27

Derivaux, Jean-François, Robert L. Jack, and Michael E. Cates. "Rectification in a mixture of active and passive particles subject to a ratchet potential." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac601f.

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Abstract We study by simulation a mixture of active (run-and-tumble) and passive (Brownian) particles with repulsive exclusion interactions in one dimension, subject to a ratchet (smoothed sawtooth) potential. Such a potential is known to rectify active particles at one-body level, creating a net current in the ‘easy direction’. This is the direction in which one encounters the lower maximum force en route to the top of a potential barrier. The exclusion constraint results in single-file motion, so the mean velocities of active and passive particles are identical; we study the effects of activity level, Brownian diffusivity, particle size, initial sequence of active and passive particles, and active/passive concentration ratio on this mean velocity (i.e. the current per particle). We show that in some parameter regimes the sign of the current is reversed. This happens when the passive particles are at high temperature and so would cross barriers relatively easily, and without rectification, except that they collide with ‘cold’ active ones, which would otherwise be localized near the potential minima. In this case, the reversed current arises because hot passive particles push cold active ones preferentially in the direction with the lower spatial separation between the bottom and top of the barrier. A qualitatively similar mechanism operates in a mixture containing passive particles of two very different temperatures, although there is no quantitative mapping between that case and the systems studied here.

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28

Mathijssen, A. J. T. M., D. O. Pushkin, and J. M. Yeomans. "Tracer trajectories and displacement due to a micro-swimmer near a surface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 773 (May 27, 2015): 498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.269.

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We study tracer particle transport due to flows created by a self-propelled micro-swimmer, such as a swimming bacterium, alga or a microscopic artificial swimmer. Recent theoretical work has shown that as a swimmer moves in the fluid bulk along an infinite straight path, tracer particles far from its path perform closed loops, whereas those close to the swimmer are entrained by its motion. However, in biologically and technologically important cases tracer transport is significantly altered for swimmers that move in a run-and-tumble fashion with a finite persistence length, and/or in the presence of a free surface or a solid boundary. Here we present a systematic analytical and numerical study exploring the resultant regimes and their crossovers. Our focus is on describing qualitative features of the tracer particle transport and developing quantitative tools for its analysis. Our work is a step towards understanding the ecological effects of flows created by swimming organisms, such as enhanced fluid mixing and biofilm formation.

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29

Krishnamurthy, Deepak, and Ganesh Subramanian. "Collective motion in a suspension of micro-swimmers that run-and-tumble and rotary diffuse." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 781 (September 28, 2015): 422–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.473.

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Recent experiments have shown that suspensions of swimming micro-organisms are characterized by complex dynamics involving enhanced swimming speeds, large-scale correlated motions and enhanced diffusivities of embedded tracer particles. Understanding this dynamics is of fundamental interest and also has relevance to biological systems. The observed collective dynamics has been interpreted as the onset of a hydrodynamic instability, of the quiescent isotropic state of pushers, swimmers with extensile force dipoles, above a critical threshold proportional to the swimmer concentration. In this work, we develop a particle-based model to simulate a suspension of hydrodynamically interacting rod-like swimmers to estimate this threshold. Unlike earlier simulations, the velocity disturbance field due to each swimmer is specified in terms of the intrinsic swimmer stress alone, as per viscous slender-body theory. This allows for a computationally efficient kinematic simulation where the interaction law between swimmers is knowna priori. The neglect of induced stresses is of secondary importance since the aforementioned instability arises solely due to the intrinsic swimmer force dipoles.Our kinematic simulations include, for the first time, intrinsic decorrelation mechanisms found in bacteria, such as tumbling and rotary diffusion. To begin with, we simulate so-called straight swimmers that lack intrinsic orientation decorrelation mechanisms, and a comparison with earlier results serves as a proof of principle. Next, we simulate suspensions of swimmers that tumble and undergo rotary diffusion, as a function of the swimmer number density$(n)$, and the intrinsic decorrelation time (the average duration between tumbles,${\it\tau}$, for tumblers, and the inverse of the rotary diffusivity,$D_{r}^{-1}$, for rotary diffusers). The simulations, as a function of the decorrelation time, are carried out with hydrodynamic interactions (between swimmers) turned off and on, and for both pushers and pullers (swimmers with contractile force dipoles). The ‘interactions-off’ simulations allow for a validation based on analytical expressions for the tracer diffusivity in the stable regime, and reveal a non-trivial box size dependence that arises with varying strength of the hydrodynamic interactions. The ‘interactions-on’ simulations lead us to our main finding: the existence of a box-size-independent parameter that characterizes the onset of instability in a pusher suspension, and is given by$nUL^{2}{\it\tau}$for tumblers and$nUL^{2}/D_{r}$for rotary diffusers; here,$U$and$L$are the swimming speed and swimmer length, respectively. The instability manifests as a bifurcation of the tracer diffusivity curves, in pusher and puller suspensions, for values of the above dimensionless parameters exceeding a critical threshold.

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30

Ray, Chandraniva Guha, Indranil Mukherjee, and P. K. Mohanty. "How motility affects Ising transitions." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2024, no. 9 (September 17, 2024): 093207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ad685b.

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Abstract We study a lattice gas (LG) model of hard-core particles on a square lattice experiencing nearest neighbour attraction J. Each particle has an internal orientation, independent of the others, that point towards one of the four nearest neighbour and it can move to the neighbouring site along that direction with the usual metropolis rate if the target site is vacant. The internal orientation of the particle can also change to any of the other three with a constant rate ω . The dynamics of the model in ω → ∞ reduces to that of the LG which exhibits a phase separation transition at particle density ρ = 1 2 and temperature T = 1 , when the strength of attraction J crosses a threshold value ln ⁡ ( 1 + 2 ) . This transition belongs to Ising universality class (IUC). For any finite ω > 0 , the particles can be considered as attractive run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) in two dimensions with motility ω − 1 . We find that RTPs also exhibit a phase separation transition, but the critical interaction required is J c ( ω ) which increases monotonically with increased motility ω − 1 . It appears that the transition belongs to IUC. Surprisingly, in these models, motility impedes cluster formation process necessitating higher interaction to stabilize microscopic clusters. Moreover, MIPS like phases are not found when J = 0.

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31

Sandoval, Mario, Navaneeth K. Marath, Ganesh Subramanian, and Eric Lauga. "Stochastic dynamics of active swimmers in linear flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 742 (February 21, 2014): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.651.

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AbstractMost classical work on the hydrodynamics of low-Reynolds-number swimming addresses deterministic locomotion in quiescent environments. Thermal fluctuations in fluids are known to lead to a Brownian loss of the swimming direction, resulting in a transition from short-time ballistic dynamics to effective long-time diffusion. As most cells or synthetic swimmers are immersed in external flows, we consider theoretically in this paper the stochastic dynamics of a model active particle (a self-propelled sphere) in a steady general linear flow. The stochasticity arises both from translational diffusion in physical space, and from a combination of rotary diffusion and so-called run-and-tumble dynamics in orientation space. The latter process characterizes the manner in which the orientation of many bacteria decorrelates during their swimming motion. In contrast to rotary diffusion, the decorrelation occurs by means of large and impulsive jumps in orientation (tumbles) governed by a Poisson process. We begin by deriving a general formulation for all components of the long-time mean square displacement tensor for a swimmer with a time-dependent swimming velocity and whose orientation decorrelates due to rotary diffusion alone. This general framework is applied to obtain the convectively enhanced mean-squared displacements of a steadily swimming particle in three canonical linear flows (extension, simple shear and solid-body rotation). We then show how to extend our results to the case where the swimmer orientation also decorrelates on account of run-and-tumble dynamics. Self-propulsion in general leads to the same long-time temporal scalings as for passive particles in linear flows but with increased coefficients. In the particular case of solid-body rotation, the effective long-time diffusion is the same as that in a quiescent fluid, and we clarify the lack of flow dependence by briefly examining the dynamics in elliptic linear flows. By comparing the new active terms with those obtained for passive particles we see that swimming can lead to an enhancement of the mean-square displacements by orders of magnitude, and could be relevant for biological organisms or synthetic swimming devices in fluctuating environmental or biological flows.

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32

Tjhung, Elsen, Michael E. Cates, and Davide Marenduzzo. "Contractile and chiral activities codetermine the helicity of swimming droplet trajectories." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 18 (April 17, 2017): 4631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619960114.

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Active fluids are a class of nonequilibrium systems where energy is injected into the system continuously by the constituent particles themselves. Many examples, such as bacterial suspensions and actomyosin networks, are intrinsically chiral at a local scale, so that their activity involves torque dipoles alongside the force dipoles usually considered. Although many aspects of active fluids have been studied, the effects of chirality on them are much less known. Here, we study by computer simulation the dynamics of an unstructured droplet of chiral active fluid in three dimensions. Our model considers only the simplest possible combination of chiral and achiral active stresses, yet this leads to an unprecedented range of complex motilities, including oscillatory swimming, helical swimming, and run-and-tumble motion. Strikingly, whereas the chirality of helical swimming is the same as the microscopic chirality of torque dipoles in one regime, the two are opposite in another. Some of the features of these motility modes resemble those of some single-celled protozoa, suggesting that underlying mechanisms may be shared by some biological systems and synthetic active droplets.

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33

Son, Kwangmin, Filippo Menolascina, and Roman Stocker. "Speed-dependent chemotactic precision in marine bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (July 20, 2016): 8624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602307113.

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Chemotaxis underpins important ecological processes in marine bacteria, from the association with primary producers to the colonization of particles and hosts. Marine bacteria often swim with a single flagellum at high speeds, alternating “runs” with either 180° reversals or ∼90° “flicks,” the latter resulting from a buckling instability of the flagellum. These adaptations diverge from Escherichia coli’s classic run-and-tumble motility, yet how they relate to the strong and rapid chemotaxis characteristic of marine bacteria has remained unknown. We investigated the relationship between swimming speed, run–reverse–flick motility, and high-performance chemotaxis by tracking thousands of Vibrio alginolyticus cells in microfluidic gradients. At odds with current chemotaxis models, we found that chemotactic precision—the strength of accumulation of cells at the peak of a gradient—is swimming-speed dependent in V. alginolyticus. Faster cells accumulate twofold more tightly by chemotaxis compared with slower cells, attaining an advantage in the exploitation of a resource additional to that of faster gradient climbing. Trajectory analysis and an agent-based mathematical model revealed that this unexpected advantage originates from a speed dependence of reorientation frequency and flicking, which were higher for faster cells, and was compounded by chemokinesis, an increase in speed with resource concentration. The absence of any one of these adaptations led to a 65–70% reduction in the population-level resource exposure. These findings indicate that, contrary to what occurs in E. coli, swimming speed can be a fundamental determinant of the gradient-seeking capabilities of marine bacteria, and suggest a new model of bacterial chemotaxis.

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34

Evans, Martin R., and Satya N. Majumdar. "Run and tumble particle under resetting: a renewal approach." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 51, no. 47 (October 30, 2018): 475003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aae74e.

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35

Bressloff, Paul C. "Encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 113206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aca0ed.

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Abstract In this paper we extend the encounter-based model of diffusion-mediated surface absorption to the case of an unbiased run-and-tumble particle (RTP) confined to a finite interval [0, L] and switching between two constant velocity states ±v at a rate α. The encounter-based formalism is motivated by the observation that various surface-based reactions are better modeled in terms of a reactivity that is a function of the amount of time that a particle spends in a neighborhood of an absorbing surface, which is specified by a functional known as the boundary local time. The effects of surface reactions are taken into account by identifying the first passage time (FPT) for absorption with the event that the local time crosses some random threshold ℓ ^ . In the case of a Brownian particle, the local time ℓ(t) is a continuous non-decreasing function of the time t. Taking \ell ]$?> Ψ ( ℓ ) ≡ P [ ℓ ^ > ℓ ] to be an exponential distribution, Ψ [ ℓ ] = e − κ 0 ℓ , is equivalent to imposing a Robin boundary condition with a constant rate of absorption κ 0. One major difference in the encounter-based model of an RTP is that the boundary local time ℓ(t) is a now a discrete random variable that counts the number of collisions of the RTP with the boundary. Given this modification, we show that in the case of a geometric distribution Ψ(ℓ) = z ℓ , z = 1/(1 + κ 0/v), we recover the RTP analog of the Robin boundary condition. This allows us to solve the boundary value problem (BVP) for the joint probability density for particle position and the local time, and thus incorporate more general models of absorption based on non-geometric distributions Ψ(ℓ). We illustrate the theory by calculating the mean FPT (MFPT) for absorption at x = L given a totally reflecting boundary at x = 0. We also determine the splitting probability for absorption at x = L when the boundary at x = 0 is totally absorbing.

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Singh, Prashant, Sanjib Sabhapandit, and Anupam Kundu. "Run-and-tumble particle in inhomogeneous media in one dimension." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2020, no. 8 (August 19, 2020): 083207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aba7b1.

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Chen, Yen-Fu, Zhengjia Wang, Kang-Ching Chu, Hsuan-Yi Chen, Yu-Jane Sheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao. "Hydrodynamic interaction induced breakdown of the state properties of active fluids." Soft Matter 14, no. 25 (2018): 5319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00881g.

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Singh, Prashant, and Anupam Kundu. "Generalised ‘Arcsine’ laws for run-and-tumble particle in one dimension." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 083205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab3283.

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Peng, Ying-Shuo, Yu-Jane Sheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao. "Partition of nanoswimmers between two immiscible phases: a soft and penetrable boundary." Soft Matter 16, no. 21 (2020): 5054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00298d.

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The behavior of run-and-tumble nanoswimmers which can self-propel in two immiscible liquids such as water–oil systems and are able to cross the interface is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics.

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40

Angelani, Luca. "Run-and-tumble motion in trapping environments." Physica Scripta, November 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad0b4e.

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Abstract Complex or hostile environments can sometimes inhibit the movement capabilities of diffusive particles or active swimmers, who may thus become stuck in fixed positions. This occurs, for example, in the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces at the initial stage of biofilm formation. Here we analyze the dynamics of active particles in the presence of trapping regions, where irreversible particle immobilization occurs at a fixed rate. By solving the kinetic equations for run-and-tumble motion in one space dimension, we give expressions for probability distribution functions, focusing on stationary distributions of blocked particles, and mean trapping times in terms of physical and geometrical parameters. Different extensions of the trapping region are considered, from infinite to cases of semi-infinite and finite intervals. The mean trapping time turns out to be simply the inverse of the trapping rate for infinitely extended trapping zones, while it has a nontrivial form in the semi-infinite case and is undefined for finite domains, due to the appearance of long tails in the trapping time distribution. Finally, to account for the subdiffusive behavior observed in the adhesion processes of bacteria to surfaces, we extend the model to include anomalous diffusive motion in the trapping region, reporting the exact expression of the mean-square displacement.

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Anchutkin, Gordei, Frank Cichos, and Viktor Holubec. "Run-and-tumble motion of ellipsoidal microswimmers." Physical Review Research 6, no. 4 (November 5, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043101.

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A hallmark of bacteria is their so-called “run-and-tumble” motion and its variants, consisting of a sequence of linear directed “runs” and distinct rotation events that constantly alternate due to biochemical feedback. It plays a crucial role in the ability of bacteria to move through chemical gradients and has inspired a fundamental active particle model. Nevertheless, synthetic active particles generally do not exhibit run-and-tumble motion but rather active Brownian motion. We show in experiments that ellipsoidal thermophoretic Janus particles, propelling along their short axis, can yield run-and-reverse motion, i.e., where rotation events flip the direction of motion, even without feedback. Their hydrodynamic wall interactions under strong confinement give rise to an effective double-well potential for the declination of the short axis. The geometry-induced timescale separation of the in-plane rotational dynamics and noise-induced transitions in the potential then yield run-and-reverse motion. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Loewe, Benjamin, Timofey Kozhukhov, and Tyler Nathan Shendruk. "Invitation to contribute to Soft Matter Emerging Investigator Series Anisotropic run-and-tumble-turn dynamics." Soft Matter, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sm00589e.

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Run-and-tumble processes successfully model several living systems. While studies have typically focused on particles with isotropic tumbles, recent examples exhibit “tumble-turns", in which particles undergo 90° tumbles and so possess...

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Maes, Christian, Kasper Meerts, and Ward Struyve. "Diffraction and interference with run-and-tumble particles." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, April 2022, 127323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2022.127323.

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Maes, Christian, Kasper Meerts, and Ward Struyve. "Diffraction and Interference with Run-and-Tumble Particles." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4036403.

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Saha, Soumya Kanti, Aikya Banerjee, and Pradeep Kumar Mohanty. "Site-percolation transition of run-and-tumble particles." Soft Matter, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4sm00838c.

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Kumari, Aradhana, and Sourabh Lahiri. "Microscopic thermal machines using run-and-tumble particles." Pramana 95, no. 4 (November 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-021-02225-7.

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Angelani, L., R. Di Leonardo, and M. Paoluzzi. "First-passage time of run-and-tumble particles." European Physical Journal E 37, no. 7 (July 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2014-14059-4.

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Le Doussal, Pierre, Satya N. Majumdar, and Grégory Schehr. "Noncrossing run-and-tumble particles on a line." Physical Review E 100, no. 1 (July 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.100.012113.

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Vilela, Rafael Dias, Alfredo Jara Grados, and Jean-Régis Angilella. "Dynamics and sorting of run-and-tumble particles in fluid flows with transport barriers." Journal of Physics: Complexity, June 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-072x/ad5bb2.

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Abstract We investigate the dynamics of individual run-and-tumble particles in a convective flow which is a prototype of fluid flows with transport barriers. We consider the most prevalent case of swimmers denser than the background fluid. As a result of gravity and the effects of the carrying flow, in the absence of swimming the particles either sediment or remain in a convective cell. When run-and-tumble also takes place, the particles may move to upper convective cells. We derive analytically the probability of uprise. Since that probability in a given fluid flow can vary strongly accross species, our findings inspire a purely dynamical mechanism for species extraction in the dilute regime. Numerical simulations support our analytical predictions and demonstrate that a judicious choice of the fluid flow’s parameters can lead to particle sorting with an arbitrary degree of purity.

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van Ginkel, Bart, Bart van Gisbergen, and Frank Redig. "Run-and-Tumble Motion: The Role of Reversibility." Journal of Statistical Physics 183, no. 3 (June 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-021-02787-1.

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AbstractWe study a model of active particles that perform a simple random walk and on top of that have a preferred direction determined by an internal state which is modelled by a stationary Markov process. First we calculate the limiting diffusion coefficient. Then we show that the ‘active part’ of the diffusion coefficient is in some sense maximal for reversible state processes. Further, we obtain a large deviations principle for the active particle in terms of the large deviations rate function of the empirical process corresponding to the state process. Again we show that the rate function and free energy function are (pointwise) optimal for reversible state processes. Finally, we show that in the case with two states, the Fourier–Laplace transform of the distribution, the moment generating function and the free energy function can be computed explicitly. Along the way we provide several examples.

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