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1
Johnsson, Sara. ""Rummet mellan rummen" : En studie om keramiken från Buttle Änge." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-362132.
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The Iron age settlement of Buttle Änge is located on the island of Gotland (Sweden), in the inland south of the medieval town Visby. The Stonehouse foundations on the site have been the focus for the University of Uppsala Campus Gotland archeological excavation since 2013. This paper aims to present a study of the pottery found in the Stonehouse foundations and the spaces between the houses from the excavations 2014-2016. The intention is to map and comprehend the Buttle ceramics. In order to accomplish the intended purpose and questions, I have defined and categorized the ceramics in different ceramic types based on color and minerals alterations in the clay, as well as other defining features to investigate the craft and the archaeological structures. The ceramic ware is evaluated by certain restrictions intended for obtaining a relative dating for the houses, which can provide an increased insight into the locations relationships to other Stonehouse foundations. The houses display many similarities with both foundations and construction, the difficulty has been to establish a chronology. The focus has been on ceramics rather than on the Stonehouse foundations, which has resulted in 21 different ceramic types, based on color and minerals variations in the clay. In the documentation of the material, both archaeological and handicraft markers have been considered. This is where the pottery is both a source of information for the archaeologists, but also a craft that possesses information. By trying to put the ceramics into its context, it becomes possible to get an understanding of how it has changed and developed. The pottery has then been compared with Vallhagar (Fröjel, Gotland), to see if the material from Buttle is of the same style and shape. Different markers have since been compared with the Vallhagar material, which has given deeper understanding for a chronology, but also that there are similarities that indicate that there has been a know-how to produce the ceramic. Although there are minor details that have changed in the vessel's markers, it may be crucial for the chronology. The change may have been for practical reasons, but also for social reasons, and we need to know the significance of the change before we can see the chronological value. The study of pottery can hopefully give a wide-ranging understanding of the Stonehouse foundations timelines and the iron age people’s daily life.
2
Lynch, Jennifer Ann. "Rumen stability of two rumen-protected choline products." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32118.
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Bento, Maria Helena Lino. "The effects of condensed tannins on rumen and post-rumen digestion of nutrients." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430272.
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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of tannins on in sacco disappearance in the rumen and post-ruminal digestion using the mobile bag and pepsin-pancreatin (in vitro) methods, and the tube-feeding technique in poultry. The treatment of Lotus pedunculatus with PEG increased in sacco disappearance compared with untreated lotus. Quebracho tannin (QT) reduced the disappearance of lupin seeds and soyabean meal. No effect of QT was found on the disappearance of chickpea, and an increase was observed for the disappearance of pea. Tannins increased the excretion of nitrogenous compounds and sialic acid, and reduced nutrient digestibility of most feeds tested, as measured by the4 poultry model. Tannins reduced the proportion of uric acid nitrogen in the excreta. Tannins in lotus reduced intestinal digestion of N as measured by mobile bag and in vitro methods. Nitrogen digestibility of soyabean meal and chickpea as measured by the mobile bag and in vitro methods was not affected by QT. Mimosa tannin (MT) inhibited the attachment of microbes to cellulose and decreased gas production. Polyethylene glycol completely restored the gas production from cellulose treated with MT. Pectin improved microbial attachment in the presence of MT, and the inhibition of the gas production from cellulose was partially restored. The gas production from maize shoots decreased with MT, and it was restored with the addition of PEG. Pectin did not improve the gas production from MT-treated maize shoots. The presence of both MT and pectin improved EMPS, but reduced the incorporation of 15N into microbial protein.
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Garrett, Jennifer L. "Varying rumen available carbohydrate and rumen available protein in diets of lactating cattle." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170400/.
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Wiryawan, I. Komang Gede. "Microbial control of lactic acidosis in grain-fed sheep." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw799.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 122-138. Investigates the use of microbial inoculants to prevent the onset of acidosis in acutely grain fed animals; and, the most effective combination of virginiamycin and lactic acid utilising bacteria (selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica and Megasphaera elsdenii) in controlling lactic acid accumulations in vitro.
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Snyman, Leendert Dekker. "Qualitative characteristics of selected Atriplex nummularia (Hatfield Select)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04022007-162554.
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Gonçalves, Josemir de Souza [UNESP]. "Amido e fibra solúvel em detergente neutro em dietas para ovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104959.
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Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar os efeitos das relações amido:fibra solúvel em detergente neutro (FSDN) das dietas sobre os parâmetros ruminais, digestivos e de desempenho de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês. As dietas foram caracterizadas pelas altas concentrações de amido (25%MS) ou de FSDN (25%MS) ou concentrações equivalentes destes nutrientes (18%amido+18%fibra solúvel na MS). No primeiro experimento foram utilizados seis borregos canulados ruminalmente, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (3 dietas x 3 períodos) para avaliação ruminal da concentração de amônia, pH e qualificação de massa microbiana. O segundo experimento avaliou o consumo, a digestibilidade total da matéria seca e dos nutrientes e os balanços de nitrogênio e energia das dietas experimentais, utilizando 15 borregos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No terceiro experimento realizou-se um confinamento utilizando 24 borregos não castrados distribuídos em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados. Após 74 dias de confinamento os animais foram avaliados quanto ao ganho em peso, consumo, conversão e eficiência alimentar. Posteriormente foram abatidos e avaliados quanto ao peso de abate, características de carcaças e composição química do músculo Longissimus. Os valores de pH (6,29) não diferiam (P>0,05) entre as dietas enquanto que a maior concentração de amônia foi encontrada para a dieta com 25% de FSDN. Aproximadamente 60% dos microrganismos ruminais estavam associados a fase líquida, contudo as dietas não interferiram (P>0,05) na população microbiana ruminal. Elevados coeficientes de digestibilidade foram observados, independentementemente do tipo de carboidrato solúvel utilizado em maior proporção. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor para a dieta FSDN (1,075 kg) quanto comparado às demais dietas, afetando a maioria das variáveis...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary starch:neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) relation on ruminal, digestibility and performance of Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs. The diets were characterized by high concentrations of starch (25% DM) or NDSF (25% DM) or equivalent concentrations of these nutrients (18% starch +18% soluble fiber at MS). In the first experiment six lambs with ruminal cannula were used, distributed in Latin square design (3 diets x 3 periods) to assess ruminal ammonia concentration, pH and classification of microbes. The second experiment assessed intake, total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients and nitrogen balance and energy of diets, using 15 lambs distributed in a completely randomized design. In the third experiment ram lambs were distributed in a complete randomized block design. After 74 days of confinement all animals were evaluated weight gain, intake, feed conversion and efficience. Later were slaughter and evaluated by slaughter weight, carcass characteristics and Longissimus chemical composition. Average pH (6.29) did not differ (P>0.05) amoung diets while the highest concentration of ammonia was found for the diet with 25% of NDSF. Approximately 60% of ruminal microorganisms were associated with the liquid phase, however the diets did not affect (P>0.05) ruminal microbial populations. High digestibility coefficients were observed, regardless of the type of soluble carbohydrate used. Dry matter intake was lower (P<0.05) for NDSF (1.075 kg) compared to the other diets, affecting most of the performance variables. It is recommended the use of diets with 18% starch and 18% of fsdn to sheep fed high proportions of concentrate
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Edwards, Nicholas John. "Nitrogen assimilation by rumen microorganisms: a study of the assimilation of ammonia by rumen bacteria in vivo and in vitro." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2657.pdf.
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Ambriz, Vilchis Virgilio. "Impact of dietary manipulation of rumen pH on health and productivity in dairy cows." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22863.
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Current feeding strategies for dairy cows focus on meeting the energy requirements for high levels of milk production. However a major concern is the effect that these feeding regimes might have on rumen pH, which can have harmful effects on the cow and rumen microbial population. Several interventions have been used to counteract the effects of low rumen pH such as the use of probiotics e.g. yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However benefits have been inconclusive due to large individual animal variation in responses to treatment observed. The use of novel monitoring technologies can help assess the effect that different dietary interventions have on performance, rumen pH and rumen health. Data from three on-farm dairy cow trials (Trial 1 standard diet plus yeast; Trial 2 standard diet plus acidotic challenge plus yeast; Trial 3 cows grazing grass plus yeast) was used to evaluate the use of rumination collars (RC), rumen pH boluses, a whole cow dynamic mechanistic simulation model (SM) and the effect that different feeding strategies have on performance rumen pH dynamics and rumination time. No statistically significant differences between Control (no yeast) and Treatment (addition of yeast) diets were observed on any of the parameters measured. The lack of animal response to yeast supplementation observed in the three feeding Trials could be attributed to the stage of lactation, as the cows were passed peak lactation. Comparison of rumination time obtained with the RC and visual observations (obtained directly and from video recordings) suggest that the RC can be used to determine rumination time in housed cows. However its poor performance in grazing environments makes its use not advisable in cows outside at grass. The rumen pH boluses provided detailed and accurate data on circadian rumen pH. Highly varied individual responses to the feeding strategies were observed. This resulted in a diverse degree of risk of individual cows which experienced sub-acute rumen acidosis. The SM was able to accurately predict circadian pH, compared against the data obtained from Trials 1 and 2. The model provided pH values that were in agreement with those obtained with the rumen boluses. The use of new technologies to monitor cows individually could aid in whole-herd management, for example by setting thresholds for rumen pH and rumination time related to individual cow status, and then trigger appropriate interventions.
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Karnati, Sanjay Kumar Reddy. "Application of molecular techniques to assess changes in ruminal microbial populations and protozoal generation time in cows and continuous culture." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164662405.
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Embaby, Mohamed GalalEldeen. "EFFECTS OF UNCONVENTIONAL PLANT OILS AND RUMEN ADAPTATION ON METHANE GAS EMISSION AND RUMEN FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2353.
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The objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of unconventional oils rich in phenolic compounds and rumen adaption on methane (CH4) gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics under in vitro rumen conditions. For this purpose, two sets of trials were conducted. In the first trial, the effects of blackberry, blueberry, raspberry, pomegranate, black seed and hemp oils on CH4 production and fermentation were examined in three 24 h batch culture experiments. Treatments in each experiment consisted of control (no oil supplement), control plus corn oil, or control plus two of the unconventional oils. Oils were added to rumen cultures at 500 mg/L (equivalent to 3.3 g oil/kg of diet dry matter (DM)). After 24 h of incubation, CH4 production was not different between the control and the corn oil treatments. Of the six unconventional oils tested, only hemp and blueberry oils reduced (P<0.05) CH4 production by 9-16% relative to the control and corn oil treatments. No significant differences were observed between treatments in dry matter digestibility (DMD) or total volatile fatty acids (tVFA). Except for a reduction (P<0.05) in acetate concentration with the raspberry oil, and an increase (P<0.05) in valerate concentration with the pomegranate oil, all other treatments had similar VFA concentrations. In the second trial, the effects of adding oregano essential oil (OEO) to adapted and unadapted rumen cultures on CH4 production and rumen fermentation were evaluated under in vitro condition. Rumen cultures were obtained from continues culture fermenters fed a control diet or control diet plus OEO at 250 mg/day for 10 days. The addition of OEO decreased (P<0.05) ii CH4 production only in adapted cultures. Total VFA and acetate concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in the unadapted than adapted cultures and their concentrations decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of OEO particularly when added to the adapted cultures. Propionate concentrations were also greater (P<0.05) in the unadapted than the adapted cultures and concentrations decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of OEO. Dry matter degradability and total gas production decreased (P<0.03) with the addition of OEO in both cultures and total gas production tended (P<0.13) to be lower when added to the adapted cultures. In conclusion, our results showed that hemp and blueberry oils were moderately effective in reducing rumen CH4 formation without compromising rumen fermentation and digestibility. Oregano Essential oil addition negatively affected rumen fermentation in both adapted and unadapted cultures and the effect was greater in the adapted cultures. The greater effects of OEO on CH4 production in the adapted cultures most likely due to the lower fermentation efficiency in these cultures.
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Edwards, N. J. "Ammonia metabolism in rumen mirco-organisms /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AB/09abe26.pdf.
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Hillman, K. "Studies on metabolism in rumen protozoa." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378375.
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Oyama, Linda Boniface. "Prospecting rumen bacteria for novel antimicrobials." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/648b4e03-b6d9-46b7-89d0-1b0d5d483219.
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Due to their broad-spectrum and bactericidal activity, antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPPs) are considered as future drug alternatives to combat the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance in medicine. The community of competitive culturable and non-culturable bacteria in the rumen present a potential source for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds including AMPPs. Metagenomic and bioinformatics based techniques were used to prospect two rumen bacterial metagenomes for potentially novel antimicrobial genes (proteins) and peptide sequences. Novel short antimicrobial peptides (peptides 1-181) and eleven longer antimicrobial genes/miniproteins (Gene 6, 17A, 17B palG1 and palG2, H-G1, H-G2, H-G3, H-G4, H-G5) were identified. Eight of these (peptides 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15 and palG1) were selected for further analysis. These antimicrobials displayed potent antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 32 to 64 μg/ml) against both Gram positive bacteria strains (including Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains MSSA RN4220 and EMRSA-15, Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 and Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994 (serovar 4b)), as well as Gram negative bacteria strains (Escherichia coli K12, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15692) PAO1 strain H103) in Mueller Hinton broth. No haemolytic activity against red blood cells was seen. Data obtained indicate that loss of cell viability is due to cytoplasmic leakage and there is some evidence of interference with the cell division mechanism. The rumen AMPPs identified in this study show great activity against clinically relevant human pathogens and to our knowledge are the first rumen AMPs identified using metagenomics. Overall, the data support the potential use of AMPs (2, 3, 7), AMPs (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15) and the polypeptide palG1 in the treatment of S. aureus, E. coli and Ent. faecalis infections respectively in the future.
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Thomson, Andrew Montgomery. "Gene transfer in rumen Bacteroides species." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU497422.
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Obligately anaerobic bacteria of the genus Bacteroides are important and abundant inhabitants of the rumen and hind gut of mammals. They are the most numerous group in the rumen and play a major role in fibre degradation with the rumen. They are phylogenetically remote from the better studied groups of facultatively anaerobic gut bacteria (eg. enterobacteria), but are closely related to the colonic Bacteroides. Interstrain conjugal transfer of a plasmid, pRRI4 (coding for tetracycline (Tc) resistance), from the multiple plasmid bearing B.ruminicola strain 223/M2/7 to F101, a rifampicin resistant mutant of B.ruminicola B 14, was demonstrated. pRRI4 was demonstrated to be self transmissible and carried the genes coding for TcR in B.ruminicola. Transformation of B.ruminicola F101 to Tc R with pRRI4 was achieved using electroporation at frequencies up to 106 per mug DNA. Four other B.ruminicola strains were not transformed with this plasmid nor was a strain of B.uniformis. Similar procedures gave transformation of B.uniformis strains, but not B.ruminicola strains, with the E.coli:Bacteroides shuttle vectors pDP1 and pE5-2 at frequencies up to 107 per mug DNA. A nuclease assay was developed to determine the nuclease activity of a number of rumen bacteria and high nuclease activity in all B.succinogenes and five B.ruminicola strains was demonstrated. E.coli and B.uniformis strains were also transformed using electroporation by the shuttle vector, pRRI207, which has been constructed from a cryptic B.ruminicola plasmid (pRRI2, 3.4kbp) cut with EcoRI *, an E.coli vector plasmid (pHG165, 3.37kbp) carrying the pUC8 multiple cloning site, and the 4.2kbp Cc-EmRTc R* EcoRI region of pDP1. pRRI207 is capable of transforming B.uniformis, B.distasonis and B.ruminicola to clindamycin (Cc) resistance and E.coli to TcR (only expressed aerobically), and was the only construct from eleven different constructs obtained based on pRRI2 able to do so.
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Pedneault, Marjorie. "La rumeur." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Segura, Carlos U. Häubi. "Use of the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) to model clinical and subclinical rumen acidosis in dairy cattle." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430925.
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Cersosimo, Laura Marie. "Rumen Microbial Ecology And Rumen-Derived Fatty Acids: Determinants Of And Relationship To Dairy Cow Production Performance." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/665.
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Rumen microbiota enable dairy cattle to breakdown fiber into useable energy for milk production. Rumen bacteria, protozoa, and fungi ferment feedstuff into volatile fatty acids (VFA), the main energy source, while methanogens utilize fermentation by-products to produce methane. Milk fat contains several bioactive rumen-derived fatty acids (FA), including odd-chain FA (OCFA) and branched-chain FA (BCFA), important for maintenance of human health. The overarching dissertation goal was to determine which factors affect rumen methanogen and protozoal community structures and their metabolism products, while defining relationships between rumen microbiota and animal performance. Results presented contribute to the goals of providing new knowledge to dairy farmers, maintaining ruminant health, and enhancing bioactive FA in milk.
The first objective was to use next-generation sequencing techniques to determine if lactation stage and dairy breed affect rumen methanogen and protozoal community structures and protozoa cell FA compositions in Jersey, Holstein, and Holstein-Jersey crossbred cows at 3, 93, 183, and 273 days in milk (DIM). A core methanogen community persisted by lactation stage and breed. At 3 DIM, methanogen 16S rRNA gene sequences formed distinct clusters apart from 93, 183, and 273 DIM, reflective of the dietary transition period post-partum. The starch-utilizing protozoal genus Entodinium, was more abundant in Holsteins than in Jerseys and Holstein-Jersey crossbred cows and positively correlated with milk yield. Jerseys had greater iso-BCFA contents in protozoa and milk and protozoa of the genus Metadinium.
The second objective was to determine if supplementation of mixed cool-season grasses with annual forages (AF) alters the forage, microbial, and milk FA contents during typical periods of decreased pasture growth in Northeastern US. In short-term grazing (21d) of AF, ruminal VFA and major rumen-derived FA were not altered in bacterial and protozoal cells, suggesting little alteration of biohydrogenation and maintenance of ruminant health. In spring, milk contents of iso-15:0 and 17:0 per serving of whole milk were greater in control (CON)-fed cows, while contents of 12:0 and 14:0 per serving were greater in AF-fed cows. Contents of de novo FA and OCFA per serving of whole milk were greater in summer AF-fed cows than CON-fed cows, while total contents and BCFA did not differ, suggesting post-ruminal FA modifications in adipose tissue and the mammary gland.
The third objective was to characterize and relate the rumen microbiota from CON- and AF-fed cows to animal performance. Rumen protozoal taxa were not altered, while less abundant bacterial taxa (< 5%) were different in both periods. The protozoal genus Diplodinium was positively correlated with feed efficiency and milk fat yield. In spring, AF-fed cows had greater abundances of the methanogen species Methanobrevibacter millerae, whereas CON-fed cows had greater abundances of the methanogen species Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, potentially as a result of differences in substrate availability.
In conclusion, the work presented identifies several factors that influence rumen microbiota, rumen microbial FA, and milk FA, while providing new information to dairy farmers, researchers, and consumers.
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Figueroa, Mario Raul. "Effects of Rumen Protein Degradability on Rumen Characteristics, Milk Production and Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4048.
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Three non-lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannula were used to determine crude protein and dry matter rate of disappearance of two protein supplements: 1) soybean meal and 2) bypass protein blend by using the in situ bag technique. Rate disappearance (%/hr) was higher for soybean meal. Two collection periods were completed using 6 cows with a minimum of 21 d adaptation to the treatment top dressed on to the total mixed ration. Ruminal concentration of ammonia N, blood ammonia, and urea did not differ between treatments. Total concentration of volatile fatty acids was higher for bypass protein blend-fed cattle as well as percent molar concentration of propionate, butyrate, and valerate, while pH was lower. Total protozoa, and total and cellulolytic viable bacteria populations did not differ. Four of the cows received a dose of 5 ml of Prostaglandin F,a. Blood and cervical muc us samples obtained showed no difference in blood ammonia and urea concentration . Forty-six Holstein cows were assigned to one of the two treatments (top dressed on the t otal mixed ration), according to parity during the following 125 d postpartum. Daily dry matter intake and milk production were recorded. Feed, orts, and feces were sampled. Milk samples were collected weekly and analyzed for components. Percent lactose and solid non-fat showed higher for cattle fed the bypass prorein blend. Starting on day 10 postpartum, cows were observed for signs of estrus and bred at first estrus observed after 45 d postpartum. Cervical mucus and blood collected at first standing estrus, and first, seco nd, and third service, did not show a significant difference in urea concentration between rations. Twice-weekly collected blood samples showed similar monthly mean concentration of ammonia, urea, and progesterone profile for both treatment groups. Percent pregnancy, services per pregnancy, first service pregnancy and embryo mortality showed no significant difference. Motility and survivability of bull sperm were evaluated by incubating thawed semen in different levels of previously observed and/or ammonia. physiological There were no concentrations of urea significant treatment differences observed. Detrimental effects of treatment on sperm were not detected.
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Jägerbrink, Filip. "Barns aktivitetsmötesplatser i det offentliga rummet : orten-rummet-mötet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-81795.
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This study aims to investigate children's use of meeting places in the public space. The study focuses on meeting places that can be associated with physical activity. The study has focused on the urban area of Mönsterås as the geographical position area and can therefore be viewed as a case study. In order to investigate the purpose, the paper has used three different examination methods, which where intervjues, observations and a survey in which children has been asked what venues they use for activities, how often they visit these venues, and which factors they consider important for an “activity venue”. The interviews have focused on what “activity venues” that currently exists in Mönsterås urban area, what officials in the county considers during the planning and construction of “activity venues” and what they see as important factors for these venues. The result shows that the factors the officials see as important are: accessibility, lighting, vegetation, safety and security, as well as cleanliness and tidiness. This is largely in line with what the children sees as important factors for an “activity venue”. The children considers good lighting, close to home, no car traffic and cleanliness and tidiness as important factors for an activity venue. The results of the study are largely in line with what research in the field confirms as important factors for a venue that encourages children to physical activity.
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Gonçalves, Josemir de Souza. "Amido e fibra solúvel em detergente neutro em dietas para ovinos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104959.
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Orientador: Jane Maria Bertocco EzequielBanca: Ivanete Susin
Banca: Edson Ramos de Siqueira
Banca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira
Banca: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar os efeitos das relações amido:fibra solúvel em detergente neutro (FSDN) das dietas sobre os parâmetros ruminais, digestivos e de desempenho de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês. As dietas foram caracterizadas pelas altas concentrações de amido (25%MS) ou de FSDN (25%MS) ou concentrações equivalentes destes nutrientes (18%amido+18%fibra solúvel na MS). No primeiro experimento foram utilizados seis borregos canulados ruminalmente, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (3 dietas x 3 períodos) para avaliação ruminal da concentração de amônia, pH e qualificação de massa microbiana. O segundo experimento avaliou o consumo, a digestibilidade total da matéria seca e dos nutrientes e os balanços de nitrogênio e energia das dietas experimentais, utilizando 15 borregos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No terceiro experimento realizou-se um confinamento utilizando 24 borregos não castrados distribuídos em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados. Após 74 dias de confinamento os animais foram avaliados quanto ao ganho em peso, consumo, conversão e eficiência alimentar. Posteriormente foram abatidos e avaliados quanto ao peso de abate, características de carcaças e composição química do músculo Longissimus. Os valores de pH (6,29) não diferiam (P>0,05) entre as dietas enquanto que a maior concentração de amônia foi encontrada para a dieta com 25% de FSDN. Aproximadamente 60% dos microrganismos ruminais estavam associados a fase líquida, contudo as dietas não interferiram (P>0,05) na população microbiana ruminal. Elevados coeficientes de digestibilidade foram observados, independentementemente do tipo de carboidrato solúvel utilizado em maior proporção. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor para a dieta FSDN (1,075 kg) quanto comparado às demais dietas, afetando a maioria das variáveis ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary starch:neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) relation on ruminal, digestibility and performance of Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs. The diets were characterized by high concentrations of starch (25% DM) or NDSF (25% DM) or equivalent concentrations of these nutrients (18% starch +18% soluble fiber at MS). In the first experiment six lambs with ruminal cannula were used, distributed in Latin square design (3 diets x 3 periods) to assess ruminal ammonia concentration, pH and classification of microbes. The second experiment assessed intake, total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients and nitrogen balance and energy of diets, using 15 lambs distributed in a completely randomized design. In the third experiment ram lambs were distributed in a complete randomized block design. After 74 days of confinement all animals were evaluated weight gain, intake, feed conversion and efficience. Later were slaughter and evaluated by slaughter weight, carcass characteristics and Longissimus chemical composition. Average pH (6.29) did not differ (P>0.05) amoung diets while the highest concentration of ammonia was found for the diet with 25% of NDSF. Approximately 60% of ruminal microorganisms were associated with the liquid phase, however the diets did not affect (P>0.05) ruminal microbial populations. High digestibility coefficients were observed, regardless of the type of soluble carbohydrate used. Dry matter intake was lower (P<0.05) for NDSF (1.075 kg) compared to the other diets, affecting most of the performance variables. It is recommended the use of diets with 18% starch and 18% of fsdn to sheep fed high proportions of concentrate
Doutor
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Gnanasampanthan, Gnanapragasam. "Immune responses of sheep to rumen ciliates and the survival and activity of antibodies in the rumen fluid." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg571.pdf.
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Videorecording has title: Effect of antibodies on the motility of rumen ciliates. Bibliography: leaves 197-259. Consists of a review of rumen ciliates, their implications in ruminant nutrition and a description of the research methods, the results and the conclusions drawn with regard to the prospects of establishing an immunological basis for the manipulation of rumen ciliates.
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Bernalier-Donadille, Annick. "Les champignons anaerobies du rumen : caracterisation et interactions avec les bacteries du rumen, dans la cellulolyse, in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21281.
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L'isolement et la caracterisation de souches de champignons anaerobies du rumen nous a conduit a l'identification d'especes monocentriques precedement decrites et de deux nouvelles especes de champignons polycentriques. Malgre leur diversite morphologique toutes ces especes presentent une grande homogeneite de fonctions bien que les especes rhizoidales degradent plus efficacement les polymeres parietaux. Les associations entre especes monocentriques et les bacteries cellulolytiques majeures ont montre que fibrobacter succinogenes n'interagissait pas avec les champignons alors que ruminococcus flavefaciens liberait une proteine capable d'inhiber leurs cellulases et que l'activite cellulolytique de cette bacterie etait stimulee par s. Communis. Les bacteries fermentatives (selenomonas ruminantium et megasphaera elsdenii) inhibent la cellulolyse fongique du fait de l'accumulation dans la coculture d'un des produits de fermentation. Un transfert d'h2 entre les champignons et s. Ruminantium conduit a une deviation du metabolisme bacterien vers une production accure de propionate. En coculture avec une bacterie methanogene (methanobrevibacter ruminantium), l'activite cellulolytique des champignons est plus forte. Un transert d'h2 entre ces microorganismes conduit a une deviation du metabolisme fongique vers une plus forte production d'acetate concommittente a une augmentation de la croissance fongique. L'association d'une bacterie hydrogenotrope (eubacterium limosum) aux especes fongiques s'est egalement traduite par une deviation du metabolisme fongique, toutefois le mecanisme implique est plus complexe
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Cassiano, Eduardo Cuelar Orlandi. "Avaliação de anticorpos policlonais em bovinos adaptados ou não à dietas com alta proporção de carboidratos prontamente fermentescíveis após indução à acidose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-17042014-100147/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) contra bactérias ruminais específicas, Streptococcus bovis e Fusobacterium necrophorum, em parâmetros ruminais da fermentação, em vacas canuladas, adaptadas ou não a uma dieta de alta proporção de carboidratos prontamente fermentescíveis, após indução à acidose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 3X3 replicado em arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 3X2, sendo 2 aditivos alimentares (PAP na apresentação em pó - PAPP e PAP na apresentação líquida - PAPL) mais um grupo controle (CON) e dois manejos de adaptação à dieta, resultando em seis tratamentos. O primeiro quadrado latino foi submetido a um protocolo de adaptação à dieta do tipo gradual ou step-up: dos dias D0 a D4 os animais receberam 100% de forragem; do D5 ao D9, 30% de concentrados e do D10 ao D14, 60% de concentrados. O segundo quadrado latino recebeu 100% de forragem do D0 ao D14 (sem adaptação). Nos D15 e D16, todos os animais receberam dieta com 80% de concentrados. Para as análises foram coletadas amostras de líquido ruminal a cada 3 horas a partir da 0h antes da alimentação até as 36h (D15 e D16) durante o desafio com uma dieta de 80% de concentrados. Os dados foram analisados pelo procedimento Mixed do SAS com nível de significância de 0,05. Foi observada interação entre tempo e adaptação (P<0,05) para pH ruminal com diferença entre método de adaptação nas 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 36 horas pós alimentação, quando o grupo não adaptado teve valores maiores que o grupo adaptado, sendo que na hora 24 ocorreu o contrário. Para a concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nas horas 0, 3, 6, 9 e 36 pós alimentação o grupo adaptado obteve maiores valores comparado ao grupo não adaptado. Para proporção molar de acetato, a 0 hora o grupo sem adaptação obteve valores maiores comparado ao grupo adaptado. Já nas horas 24, 27 e 30 o grupo com adaptação que obteve maiores valores. Para a proporção molar de propionato o grupo sem adaptação teve valores mais altos em comparação ao outro grupo das 3 às 36 horas pós alimentação. Quanto à proporção acetato:propionato (Ac:Pr) às 6, 12, 24, 27, 30 e 36 horas pós alimentação, o grupo de animais adaptados teve valores mais altos que o grupo não adaptado. Na proporção molar de butirato, o grupo de animais adaptados obteve maiores valores nas horas 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 33 e 36. Para os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3), às 6 horas pós alimentação, o grupo não adaptado obteve maiores valores que o grupo adaptado (26,1 vs. 19,3, respectivamente). Nas horas 9, 30, 33 e 36 ocorreu o contrário. Observou-se também interação entre tempo e aditivo (P=0,0430) para a proporção molar de butirato. Porém, quando a análise foi realizada por tempo, nenhum efeito foi observado. Para os valores relativos de protozoários mensurados (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Diplodinium e Entodinium) apenas o Entodinium apresentou efeito de adaptação (P<0,0236) tendo sua proporção maior no grupo adaptado. Os valores de haptoglobina também não foram influenciados nem por aditivo nem por adaptação. O preparado de anticorpos policlonais não foi tão eficaz quanto a adaptação gradual à dieta de alto concentrado para controlar alterações dos parâmetros ruminais.The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) against specific rumen bacteria Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated cows adapted or not to highly fermentable carbohydrates diets (HFC) after an acidosis challenge. The experimental design was two 3X3 Latin squares in a factorial arrangement of treatments 3X2 regarding two feed additives (PAP in powder presentation - PAPP and PAP in liquid presentation - PAPL) plus control group (CON) and two managements of diets adaptation, resulting in six treatments. The first Latin square had a step-up diet adaptation: from D0 to D4 100% forage; D5 to D9 30% of concentrates and D10 to D14 60% of concentrates. The second Latin square received 100% forage from D0 to D14. On D15 and D16, all animals received a diet with 80% of concentrates. For analysis, rumen fluid was sampled at 0 and every 3 h posfeeding totaling 36 h (D15 and D16) of challenge with a diet with 80% of concentrates. Data were analyzed by MIXED procedure with a significance level of 0.05. An interaction between time and adaptation (P<0,05) was observed for ruminal pH. At 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 36 h postfeeding, the non-adapted group had higher values compared to the adapted group and at 24 h postfeeding, the inverse was observed. For total short-chain fatty acids concentration, at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 36 h postfeeding, the adapted group had higher values compared to non-adapted group. For molar proportion of acetate at 0h postfeeding, the non-adapted group had higher values than the adapted group, and at 24, 27 and 30h, the adapted group had greater values than the non-adapted group. For molar proportion of propionate the non-adapted group had greater values compared to the adapted group from 3 to 36h postfeeding. For acetate:propionate (Ac:Pr) ratio at 6, 12, 24, 27, 30 and 36 h postfeeding, the adapted group had greater values compared to the nonadapted group. For butyrate molar proportion at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 33 and 36h postfeeding the adapted group had greater values than the non-adapted group. For ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N) concentration at 6h, the non-adapted group had greater values than the adapted group (26.1 vs. 19.3, respectively), however at 9, 30, 33 and 36h postfeeding, the adapted group had higher values compared to the non-adapted group. It was also observed an interaction between time and additive (P=0.0430) for butyrate molar proportion, but when the analysis was performed by time no effect was observed. For the relative values of protozoa measured (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Diplodinium and Entodinium) only Entodinium presented adaptation effect (P<0.0236) with a higher proportion in the adapted group. Haptoglobin values was also not influenced (P>0.05) by additive or adaptation effect. Polyclonal antibodies preparation was not as effective as the gradual adaptation to the diet high concentrate to control changes of ruminal parameters.
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Yohe, Taylor. "Performance and Development of the Rumen in Holstein Bull Calves Fed an Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Extract." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397769968.
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Yohe, Taylor Timothy. "Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558.
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Our collective knowledge of calf nutrition has evolved over the past 100+ years, but there are still areas of improvement that merit further scientific inquiry. The work described herein explored different aspects of calf nutrition with a central focus on rumen growth and development. The first study performed used 8 Holstein bull calves to determine if calf starters differing in starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content would affect calf growth, intake, rumen metabolites, blood metabolites, and gross rumen measurements when fed along with milk replacer (MR). The experiment used completely pelleted calf starters consisting of ground and pelleted barley, wheat, and corn grains. Besides the high-starch starter resulting in lower rumen pH, the hypothesis that completely pelleted calf starter diets differing in NDF and starch level would alter intake, growth, rumen metabolism, and rumen measurements was not supported. However, calves fed the high-NDF starter were $5.71 less expensive per calf to raise. Findings suggest a form of feed effect in today's calf starter diets that might be of physiological and economic importance. The second study tested custom-built rumen infusion, sampling, and evacuation devices. The main objectives were to build and confirm the successful use of the devices in one Holstein bull calf at 62 days of age, which determined a liquid passage rate out of the rumen at 40.2% of ruminal fluid/h. The third and final study examined the effects of form of diet (MR only, n = 5; MR and starter, n = 6) on rumen growth and development. More specifically, isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were fed to neonatal and ruminally cannulated Holstein calves for 6 week. The hypothesis of MR and starter calves having altered gross rumen measurements, epithelial stem and progenitor cell number, and epithelial proliferation status was supported, but hypothesized changes in volatile fatty acid (VFA) transporter abundance and VFA absorption rate were not supported. These results indicate that form of diet, even one that promotes rumen growth, does not equate to enhanced ability to absorb VFA, but there is an effect on rumen stem and progenitor cells as well as epithelial proliferation.PHD
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Hackmann, Timothy John. "Responses of Rumen Microbes to Excess Carbohydrate." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364922613.
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Saluzzi, Liliana. "Ecophysiology of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU542848.
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The rumen microbial populations involved in the degradation of barley straw and clover/ryegrass forage during incubation in sacco were studied by the analysis of microbial phospholipids. The results suggested that the adherent populations differed from those in the liquid phase of the rumen contents, and that the microorganisms attached to barley straw differed from those attched to clover/ryegrass. In addition, the population adherent to barley straw appeared to change during the degradative process. The latter point was supported by observations using the electron microscope. When barley straw was incubated in vitro with Ruminococcus flavefaciens prior to incubation in the rumen, phospholipid analysis suggested that R.flavefaciens persisted during 72 h incubation in the rumen, although as a declining component of the mixed population. Ruminococcus flavefaciens was possibly displaced or other 'free' sites of attachment were occupied by different species. The in vitro incubation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes on clover/ryegrass and barley straw showed that the presence of F.succinogenes reduced the population size of R.flavefaciens and the degradability of clover/ryegrass suggesting a competitive or antagonist interaction betweeen these species. The analysis of phospholipid marker components and viable counts showed that R.flavefaciens rapidly outgrew F.succinogenes. Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes differed in the quantity and nature of the soluble plant components that accumulated in the culture liquids. After training Ruminococcus flavefaciens strain 17 to grow on different forages, adaptation through enhanced substrate degradation was detected when cultures were grown repeatedly on ryegrass. Significant increases in specific xylanase and beta-xylosidase activities were detected. It is concluded that the increase in dry matter solubilization and enzyme activities during prolonged subculture on ryegrass probably resulted from forward mutations.
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Lusweti, Francesca N. "Rumen undegradable protein in growing sheep diets /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842596.
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Bottrill, Stephen. "Comparative studies of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase produced by soil and ruminal bacteria." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANM/09anmb751.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 139-167 The aim of this project was to identify an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of oxalate which would be suitable for degrading oxalate in the rumen, and clone and characterise that gene.
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Holder, Vaughn. "The effects of specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and monensin supplementation on rumen fermentation in vitro." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-131813.
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Rhéaume, John. "Rumen bacterial attachment to forage substrates and its relationship to digestibility and intake." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63187.
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Hedberg, Alexandra, and Ebba Nordgren. "Det kreativa rummet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24491.
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I detta utvecklingsarbete ligger fokus på den fysiska miljön, dess betydelse och förändringen av den. Syftet med detta utvecklingsarbete är att skapa ett rum som utmanar barnens kreativa förmågor och utvecklar ett multimodalt arbetssätt. Med arbetet vill vi även fördjupa förståelsen för miljön och skapa en förändring. Vi har genomfört arbetet i en förskoleklass, där önskemålet om en förändring från ett outnyttjat rum till en kreativ ateljé och ett stimulerande dansrum fanns. Metoder som använts är: intervjuer i form av feedback, observationer och den fysiska miljöförändringen. Resultatet från feedbacken och observationen visade på förändringar i pedagogernas arbetssätt och att rummet efter den fysiska miljöförändringen nyttjades till olika kreativa uttrycksformer.
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Morales, Silva Maria Sol. "Role of ionized calcium and magnesium in cellulose degradation by ruminal bacteria." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117564294.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 163 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-163). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Tsotsova, Rumena [Verfasser], and T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Böhlke. "Texturbasierte Modellierung anisotroper Fließpotentiale / Rumena Tsotsova ; Betreuer: T. Böhlke." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1184494355/34.
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Singh, Nitin. "A model to predict fluctuations in rumen pH." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2568.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Animal Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Serment, Amélie. "Dynamique et intensité de biotransformation dans le rumen." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00802657.
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La " biotransformation ruminale " est un concept qui regroupe l'ensemble des réactions se produisant dans le rumen (dégradation, synthèse et conversion). Ces réactions sont pilotées par trois forces motrices majeures : les lois de la cinétique chimique, de la thermodynamique et de la dynamique des populations microbiennes. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact d'un facteur alimentaire (pourcentage de concentrés incorporés dans la ration, supplémentation en huile) sur le fonctionnement du rumen et la biotransformation ruminale des constituants alimentaires en termes de dynamique et d'intensité. Cette thèse a combiné trois types d'approches : un essai in vivo sur des chèvres en milieu de lactation, deux essais in vitro (méthode du gaz-test) et une approche de modélisation mécaniste. In vivo, les réactions de biotransformation ont été évaluées par un suivi de la dynamique postprandiale et des mesures de bilans duodénaux. De plus, nous avons étudié l'influence réciproque des phénomènes ruminaux et de l'animal-hôte (comportement d'ingestion, métabolisme, paramètres zootechniques, et qualité du lait) sur le long terme (6 semaines). Nos résultats sont en accord avec la plupart des études antérieures effectuées chez la chèvre ou la vache laitières. Les modifications du comportement d'ingestion observées après 6 semaines avec le régime riche en concentrés ont eu un effet sur les phénomènes digestifs ruminaux. Les flux duodénaux d'acides gras ont expliqué les profils en acides gras du lait. Les études in vitro ont donné des résultats très cohérents par rapport à l'in vivo lorsque les animaux donneurs recevaient les régimes incubés. Enfin, nous avons développé un modèle mécaniste de fonctionnement de rumen in vitro décrivant de manière spécifique les lois physico-chimiques expliquant les dynamiques d'évolution du pH et de formation de gaz. Ce modèle aboutit à des résultats satisfaisants et pourrait être intégré à un modèle de rumen plus complet. La modélisation semble être le meilleur moyen pour intégrer toutes les réactions de biotransformation observées lors d'expérimentations.
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Gilmour, Martin. "Lactate utilisation in the rumen bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1379.
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Nam, In Sik. "Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by rumen fungi." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431866.
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Ellis, Jayne Elizabeth. "Studies on the metabolism of rumen climate protozoa." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305295.
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Newbold, Charles James. "Microbial metabolism of lactic acid in the rumen." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235529.
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Eschenlauer, Sylvain Christain Pierre. "Lysosome in the rumen ciliate protozoan, Entodinium caudatum." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327592.
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Yakub, Guliye Abdi. "Energy sources and amino acids in rumen fermentation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408786.
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In a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC), the availability and timing of energy (maltose) supply to amino acids/peptides from thawed (frozen) grass was examined in order to determine if continuous (synchronous), rather than transient (asynchronous, with maltose infused 6 h prior to, or 6 h after feeding RUSITEC with grass), availability of energy was required for optimum ruminal fermentation. The addition and pattern of energy supply (synchronous or asynchronous) did not influence either fibre (DM) degradation or microbial numbers, although there was an indication of increased total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and acetate production in the continuous (synchronous) maltose supply. However, the supply of energy (maltose), irrespective of the pattern of supply, improved the capture of ammonia. The effects of amino acid supplementation on mixed microorganisms fermenting a range of substrates (maize and grass silages, barley straw, avicel and xylan) that usually form part of ruminant diets were examined using gas syringe incubations. Gas production, measured at 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 h incubation, increased by 15.6, 18.7, 18.9, 15.0 and 5.4% respectively, in the xylan substrate, suggesting xylan fermentation was stimulated by amino acids supply. This implied xylanolytic organisms within the mixed population benefited more from the amino acids. A subsequent in vitro (syringe) experiment was conducted to identify amino acids that may be simulatory, using a deletion approach where individual amino acids were deleted from a complete mixture of all 20 amino acids normally found in protein. Amino acid additions, either as the complete mixture or with single amino acid deletions, stimulated microbial growth and fermentation rate compared to only ammonia as the N source. Although the individual deletion of aromatic amino acids (notably tyrosine and tryptophan), as well as leucine, seemed to decrease fermentation rate, microbial yield was not affected. The mixed microbial population achieved the highest growth rate and fermentation when complete mixtures of amino acid were provided.
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Kinjet, Marc Philip. "Methane production from cows." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273714.
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Aitchison, E. "A study of the removal of fibre from the rumen and voluntary intake of sheep eating hay diets." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353459.
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Johansson, Camilla. "Utomhuspedagogik- det outnyttjade rummet." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1676.
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Persson, Ingemar. "Slöjdsalen : det pedagogiska rummet." Thesis, Stockholm University, The Stockholm Institute of Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7911.
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Intervjustudien i detta examensarbete omfattar sex kvalitativa intervjuer med behöriga slöjdpedagoger yrkesverksamma inom den kommunala grundskolan. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur slöjdlärare inom trä- och metallslöjd organiserar sina slöjdsalar utifrån ett pedagogiskt perspektiv. En genomgång av litteratur och forskningsresultat inom området fysiska miljöer och slöjd, syftar till att ge en bild av dessa två områden och hur de samverkar. Resultatet av undersökningen visar på olika förhållningssätt till organiserandet av slöjdsalen ur ett pedagogiskt perspektiv. Hur intentioner och traditioner påverkar ambitionen hos de intervjuade lärarna. I analysen framkom att lärarna inte hade någon medveten och/eller långsiktig strategi för att organisera slöjdsalen utifrån ett pedagogiskt perspektiv. De framför också olika faktorer som hinder för genomförandet, och om dessa inte fanns, skulle ett organiserande vara lättare att genomföra.
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Lassenius, Erna. "Rummet i vårdandets värld /." Åbo : Åbo Akademis förlag, 2005. http://bibbild.abo.fi/ediss/2005/LasseniusErna.pdf.
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Hansdóttir, Sunna. "Guld : Det inre rummet." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4671.
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Larsson, Mattias, and Leo Holmgren. "STADEN - RUMMET - MÖTET : Temporär arkitektur i det offentliga rummet för ökad social hållbarhet." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40805.
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Syfte: Den här studien undersöker temporär arkitektur som fenomen. Temporär arkitektur är tillfälliga rumsliga initiativ som med varierande storlek och form tar stadens offentliga rum i anspråk. Temporär arkitektur är relativt nytt och börjar dyka upp allt oftare i större städer. En del forskning finns kring ämnet, men få beskriver de bakomliggande genomförandeprocesserna och hur temporär arkitektur kan generera social hållbarhet. Målet med den här studien är därför att undersöka hur temporär arkitektur bidrar till ökad social hållbarhet och hur genomförandeprocessen för temporär arkitektur ser ut idag. Frågeställningarna är: (1) Hur kan temporär arkitektur bidra till ökad social hållbarhet? (2) Hur ser genomförandeprocessen för temporär arkitektur ut idag? Metod: Studien är av deskriptiv karaktär och syftar till att skapa ytterligare förståelse för studiefenomenet och dess inneboende egenskaper. Metoderna för datainsamling utgår från ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt genom riktade intervjuer med relevanta respondenter från offentliga och privata sektorn. En litteraturstudie genomförs också med syfte att klarlägga forskningsläget kring studiefenomenet. Resultat: Frågeställning 1 visar att det finns flera sätt som temporär arkitektur positivt påverkar den sociala hållbarheten på. Fyra kärnvärden som var och en förstärker varandra har identifieras. Dessa är gemenskap, delaktighet, tillit samt rörelse. Den temporära arkitekturen uppmuntrar till gemenskap och delaktighet hos människor genom att tillföra kortvariga händelser att samlas kring i det offentliga rummet. Genom nya möten möjliggörs tillit vilket leder till ökad rörlighet. Rörelse löser upp de sociala fastlåsningsprinciperna i samhället och borgar för en ökad gemenskap. Frågeställning 2 visar att processerna för temporär arkitektur kan te sig mycket olika beroende på i vilket sammanhang som den temporära arkitekturen ska implementeras. Frågeställningen visar också på flera svårigheter som råder i genomförandeprocessen idag. Påtagligt är att utmaningarna i många fall överväger möjligheterna och initiativ kan då helt enkelt utebli. Konsekvenser: Tillfälliga rumsskapande initiativ av typen temporär arkitektur tillför sociala kvaliteter till stadslivet, bortom de kvaliteter som vanligtvis erbjuds av traditionella stadsplaneringsprocesser. Styrkan med temporär arkitektur ligger framför allt i dess gestaltningsmässiga och rumsliga flexibilitet samt i dess förmåga att skapa ökad delaktighet och bättre tillgång till stadens innehåll för människor. Begränsningar: Studien undersöker fenomenet ur ett socialt hållbarhetsperspektiv, och utesluter ekonomiska samt ekologiska aspekter av detsamma. Datainhämtningen genom riktade intervjuer är avgränsad till respondenter verksamma som arkitekter och fysiska planerare samt respondenter från den offentliga sektorn. Näringsliv, fastighetsägare och brukare innefattas inte i de riktade intervjuerna.Purpose: This study examines temporary architecture as a phenomenon. Temporary architecture is ephemeral structures with varying sizes and shapes that takes city’s public spaces in possession during short periods of time. As a phenomenon, temporary architecture is relatively new, but begins to appear more often in larger cities. Some research has been made on the subject in matter, but few researches describes the process behind and how social sustainability can be linked to temporary architecture. The research questions are: (1) How can temporary architecture contribute to increased social sustainability? (2) What characterizes the temporary architecture implementation process today? Method: The study is of descriptive nature and aims to create further understanding of temporary architecture. Data gathering are based on a qualitative approach through targeted interviews with relevant respondents from public and private sectors. A literature review is also conducted with the intention to clarify current research situation surrounding the study phenomenon. Findings: Research question 1 indicates that temporary architecture affects social sustainability in several ways. Four core values that each reinforce each other have been identified. These are community, participation, trust and movement. The temporary architecture encourages community and participation between people by providing short-term events to gather around in public space. New meetings enable trust, which leads to increased mobility. Movement resolves the social constraint principles in society and contributes to an increased community. Research question 2 indicates that the implementation processes for temporary architecture can differ widely depending on the context in which the temporary architecture is to be implemented. The question also indicates that there are several difficulties in the implementation process today. Significantly, in many cases the challenges outweighs the possibilities, why initiatives can be omitted. Implications: Short-term space-creating initiatives like temporary architecture enhance social qualities to urban life beyond the qualities usually obtained by traditional urban planning processes. The strength of temporary architecture lies within its formative and spatial flexibility as well as its ability to create increased participation and better access to the city’s content for people. Limitations: The study focuses on a social sustainability perspective only and excludes the economic and ecological perspective of the phenomena. The interview study is limited to only take planning and municipal perspective in concern. Business and user perspectives are therefore not taken into account.