Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rument

Academic literature on the topic 'Rument'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rument"

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Mattila, T., A. J. Frost, and D. O'Boyle. "The growth of salmonella in rumen fluid from cattle at slaughter." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (October 1988): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054273.

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SUMMARYThe pH of the rument contents of cattle was recorded at slaughter; pH ranged from 5.5 to 7–8 and was not correlated with the period from saleyard to slaughter. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured in 43 rumen samples; acetic, propionic and butyric were the major acids present, and the total VFA ranged from 75·9 mM/1 for samples between pH 6–7, to 7·1 mM/1 for samples of pH 8–9. TenSalmonellastrains belonging to 8 serotypes were grown in these 43 rumen samples. Where acid levels of these samples were high and pH low, mostSalmonellasp. were inhibited: as the pH rose (pH 7–8) allSalmonellaserotypes grew, some vigorously; as the total acid declined and pH continued to rise, growth of salmonella ceased. Serotypes and strains of the same serotype differed in their ability to grow in rumen contents, particularly when the pH was low.
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Hartati, Indah, Pradipta Risma Rukma Ardi, Muhammad Milzam, and Vita Paramita. "Economic Factor on the In Situ Vanillin Enzymatic Formation from the Green Pods Vanilla." Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v1i1.4294.

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This work proposed a study of a direct enzymatic of vanillin formation by using rumen liquid which has enzymatic capability for tissue disruption of vanilla green pods to avoid the curing process. Application of enzymes during the formation of vanilla aromas and its extraction present nice opportunity to improve productivity, as the enzymatic reaction possibly substitute the microbial process in the traditional fermentation. Green vanilla pods were applied for the direct enzymatic extraction of vanillin, while liquid rument provide cell wall degrading enzyme in order to support the hydrolysis process (destruction) of cell wall. Glucovanillin were contacted with the β-glucosidase in the green pods due to the desruction of the cell wall, followed by the formation of glucovanillin into vanillin. Vanillin content of vanilla green pods was found higher in which by treating the vanilla green pods at 30 °C.
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Moningkey, Sony A. E., R. A. V. Tuturoong, and I. D. R. Lumenta. "PEMANFAATAN ISI RUMEN TERFERMENTASI CELLULOMONAS Sp SEBAGAI CAMPURAN PAKAN KOMPLIT TERNAK KELINCI." ZOOTEC 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.1.2020.28245.

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UTILIZATION OF FERMENTED RUMENT CONTENT WITH CELLULOMONAS SP IN MIXED COMPLETE FEED FOR RABBIT. Research conducted to learn how to use cattle rumen content by using fermentation processing techniques to enable this rumen to be used as rabbit feed. The material used in this study consisted of cattle rumen contents, starter Cellulomonas sp, rabbits, complete feed. This research consisted of two phase. The first study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design 4 preparations and 6 replications. The fermentation time consists of 0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. For the second study using an experimental method with randomized block design based on the initial body weight of rabbits. The treatment given is the level of use of the best fermented rumen contents in a complete feed ration. Variable which is translated as feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. Research results The first stage of the P4 study sample (72 hours) as the best guideline is seen from the parameters of crude protein and crude fiber. The results of this study indicate that the use of feed using rumen fermentation (IRF) can increase feed consumption and weight gain. The conclusion of this study is the provision of 30% mixture of fermented rumen contents of Cellulomonas sp in complete feed produced the best results seen from the parameters of consumption, weight gain and feed conversion of rabbit.Keywords: Rumen contents, fermentation, Cellulomonas sp, complete feed, rabbits
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Paramita, Vita, and Mohamad Endy Yulianto. "Effect of B-Glucosidase Activity on the Vanillin Enzymatic Formation by Using Rumen Liquid for Cell Walls Degradation." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 2 (March 21, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n2p65.

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<p>This work proposed a study of direct enzymatic of vanillin formation by using rumen fluid which has enzymatic capability for tissue disruption of vanilla green pods to avoid the curing process. Application of enzymes during the formation of vanilla aromas and flavors and its extraction present nice opportunity to improve productivity, as the enzymatic reaction possibly substitute the microbial process in the traditional fermentation. Glucovanillin, the precursor of vanillin, contacted with the B-glucosidase in the green pods by destructing the cell wall. Liquid rument was providing enzyme for cell wall degradation. The contact of glucovanillin and B-glucosidase lead the hydrolysis of glucovanillin into vanillin. The amounts of glucovanillin and vanillin were examined by using HPLC analysis. The identification of vanillin was investigated by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrofotometry. Vanillin content of vanilla green pods was found higher in which by treating the vanilla green pods at 30°C.</p>
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T. N. I., KONI, and M. SITU. "FIBER FRACTION OF KEPOK BANANA PEEL FLOUR (Musa paradisiaca) FERMENTED BY GOAT RUMENT FLUIDS." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2022.v25.i01.p03.

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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the fiber fraction of banana peel meal fermented by goat rumen flu- id. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. Four treatments were CR0: kepok banana peel meal + 0% goat rumen fluid, CR30: kepok banana peel meal + 30% goat rumen fluid, CR40: kepok banana peel meal + 40% goat rumen fluid, CR50: kepok banana peel meal + 50 % goat rumen fluid. This fermentation process during seven days. The variables observed were NDF, ADF, hemycellulosa, cellulose, and lignin. The data on the fiber fraction of banana peel meal was analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Duncan s multiple range tests. NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of banana peel meal fermented by goat rumen fluid was lower than that without goat rumen fluid. The conclusion in this study was that the use of 30% goat rumen fluid contained ADF of 31.84%, NDF of 45.03%, cellulose of 13.27% and hemicellulose of 13.53% of kepok banana peel meal.
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Salamony, S. M., F. M. Suhartati, M. Bata, H. V. Saiya, Nurcholis, Gardis Andari, and N. Abdullah. "Use of fermentable carbohydrate in efforts to improve in vitro rument fermentation products." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 343 (November 6, 2019): 012199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012199.

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Sari, R. W. W., N. Jamarun, Suyitman, Khasrad, and G. Yanti. "Mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as an alternative feed resources for ruminants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 888, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012079.

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Abstract The aim of this research was to get the best treatment for preserving of mangrove (Avicennia marina) leaves as an alternative feed resouces for ruminants. This research used experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 treatments and 5 replications for each treatment. The treatments are: P1 (Mangrove leaves silage) and P2 (Mangrove leaves hay). The variables observed in the in-vitro experiment were in-vitro rument fluid characteristics (pH, NH3, VFA), total gas production and methane gas production. The results of the in-vitro research showed that the P2 treatment (mangrove hay) produced : pH 6,67, VFA 83 Mm, NH3 5,44 mg/100 ml, total production gas for 48 hours 99,7 ml/hour, and methane gas production for 48 hours 65,05 ml/gr DM. From this research can be concluded that the best treatment for preservation of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) was the hay treatment based on the total gas and methane gas production. It can be concluded that the hay mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) can be used as an alternative resource feed for ruminant animals.
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Perdana, Sigit, I. Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra, and I. Gede Mahardika. "The effect of concentrate replacement level with gamal leaf (gliricidia sepium) in ransum on rument metabolite products and blood goat profile." International journal of life sciences 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v4n1.379.

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This study aims to determine the effect of replacing concentrates with Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) in the ration on the product and the performance of rumen metabolites and the blood profile of PE goats. The experimental design used was the Latin square design, 4 x 4 that is 4 treatments with four 4 replications each experiment unit consisted of 1 animal. One treatment period for 2 weeks. The first week was adapted and the second week the data collection process was carried out. The treatment given is as follows. The treatments are A (45% concentrate and 55% field grass); B (Gamal 15% with 30% concentrate and 55% field grass); C (Gamal 30% with 15% concentrate and 55% field grass); D (Gamal 45% and field grass 55%). The results of this study indicate that the effect of the rate of replacement of concentrates with Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) in the ration on rumen metabolite products PE goat was significantly different (P <0.05) total VFA concentration and VFA Parcial. The concentration of N-NH3, protozoan population the acidity of pH, methane production showed results that were not significantly different.
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Napoleon, A., D. P. Sulistyani, and Bakri. "Test of Physical Quality Compost and PH of Combination of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes Mart. Solm) and Goat Manure Using Rument Liquid Mol as Activator." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 810, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/810/1/012003.

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Zhong, Tao, Cheng Wang, Jiangtao Hu, Xiaoyong Chen, Lili Niu, Siyuan Zhan, Linjie Wang, et al. "Comparison of MicroRNA Transcriptomes Reveals the Association between MiR-148a-3p Expression and Rumen Development in Goats." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111951.

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The rumen is an important digestive organ of ruminants. From the fetal to adult stage, the morphology, structure and function of the rumen change significantly. However, the knowledge of the intrinsic genetic regulation of these changes is still limited. We previously reported a genome-wide expression profile of miRNAs in pre-natal goat rumens. In this study, we combined and analyzed the transcriptomes of rumen miRNAs during pre-natal (E60 and E135) and post-natal (D30 and D150) stages. A total of 66 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in the rumen tissues from D30 and D150 goats. Of these, 17 DEMs were consistently highly expressed in the rumens at the pre-weaning stages (E60, E135 and D30), while down-regulated at D150. Noteworthy, annotation analysis revealed that the target genes regulated by the DEMs were mainly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. Interestingly, the expression of miR-148a-3p was significantly high in the embryonic stage and down-regulated at D150. The potential binding sites of miR-148a-3p in the 3′-UTR of QKI were predicted by the TargetScan and verified by the dual luciferase report assay. The co-localization of miR-148a-3p and QKI through in situ hybridization was observed in the rumen tissues but not in the intestinal tracts. Moreover, the expression of miR-148a-3p in the epithelium was significantly higher than that in the other layers of the rumen, suggesting that miR-148a-3p is involved in the development of the rumen epithelial cells by targeting QKI. Subsequently, miR-148a-3p inhibitor was found to induce the proliferation of GES-1 cells. Taken together, our study identified DEMs involved in the development of the rumen and provides insights into the regulation mechanism of rumen development in goats.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rument"

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Johnsson, Sara. ""Rummet mellan rummen" : En studie om keramiken från Buttle Änge." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-362132.

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The Iron age settlement of Buttle Änge is located on the island of Gotland (Sweden), in the inland south of the medieval town Visby. The Stonehouse foundations on the site have been the focus for the University of Uppsala Campus Gotland archeological excavation since 2013. This paper aims to present a study of the pottery found in the Stonehouse foundations and the spaces between the houses from the excavations 2014-2016. The intention is to map and comprehend the Buttle ceramics. In order to accomplish the intended purpose and questions, I have defined and categorized the ceramics in different ceramic types based on color and minerals alterations in the clay, as well as other defining features to investigate the craft and the archaeological structures. The ceramic ware is evaluated by certain restrictions intended for obtaining a relative dating for the houses, which can provide an increased insight into the locations relationships to other Stonehouse foundations. The houses display many similarities with both foundations and construction, the difficulty has been to establish a chronology.   The focus has been on ceramics rather than on the Stonehouse foundations, which has resulted in 21 different ceramic types, based on color and minerals variations in the clay. In the documentation of the material, both archaeological and handicraft markers have been considered. This is where the pottery is both a source of information for the archaeologists, but also a craft that possesses information. By trying to put the ceramics into its context, it becomes possible to get an understanding of how it has changed and developed. The pottery has then been compared with Vallhagar (Fröjel, Gotland), to see if the material from Buttle is of the same style and shape. Different markers have since been compared with the Vallhagar material, which has given deeper understanding for a chronology, but also that there are similarities that indicate that there has been a know-how to produce the ceramic. Although there are minor details that have changed in the vessel's markers, it may be crucial for the chronology. The change may have been for practical reasons, but also for social reasons, and we need to know the significance of the change before we can see the chronological value. The study of pottery can hopefully give a wide-ranging understanding of the Stonehouse foundations timelines and the iron age people’s daily life.
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Lynch, Jennifer Ann. "Rumen stability of two rumen-protected choline products." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32118.

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Bento, Maria Helena Lino. "The effects of condensed tannins on rumen and post-rumen digestion of nutrients." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430272.

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of tannins on in sacco disappearance in the rumen and post-ruminal digestion using the mobile bag and pepsin-pancreatin (in vitro) methods, and the tube-feeding technique in poultry.  The treatment of Lotus pedunculatus with PEG increased in sacco disappearance compared with untreated lotus.  Quebracho tannin (QT) reduced the disappearance of lupin seeds and soyabean meal.   No effect of QT was found on the disappearance of chickpea, and an increase was observed for the disappearance of pea.

Tannins increased the excretion of nitrogenous compounds and sialic acid, and reduced nutrient digestibility of most feeds tested, as measured by the4 poultry model.  Tannins reduced the proportion of uric acid nitrogen in the excreta.  Tannins in lotus reduced intestinal digestion of N as measured by mobile bag and in vitro methods.  Nitrogen digestibility of soyabean meal and chickpea as measured by the mobile bag and in vitro methods was not affected by QT. Mimosa tannin (MT) inhibited the attachment of microbes to cellulose and decreased gas production.  Polyethylene glycol completely restored the gas production from cellulose treated with MT.   Pectin improved microbial attachment in the presence of MT, and the inhibition of the gas production from cellulose was partially restored.  The gas production from maize shoots decreased with MT, and it was restored with the addition of PEG.  Pectin did not improve the gas production from MT-treated maize shoots.  The presence of both MT and pectin improved EMPS, but reduced the incorporation of 15N into microbial protein.

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Garrett, Jennifer L. "Varying rumen available carbohydrate and rumen available protein in diets of lactating cattle." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170400/.

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Wiryawan, I. Komang Gede. "Microbial control of lactic acidosis in grain-fed sheep." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw799.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 122-138. Investigates the use of microbial inoculants to prevent the onset of acidosis in acutely grain fed animals; and, the most effective combination of virginiamycin and lactic acid utilising bacteria (selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica and Megasphaera elsdenii) in controlling lactic acid accumulations in vitro.
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Snyman, Leendert Dekker. "Qualitative characteristics of selected Atriplex nummularia (Hatfield Select)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04022007-162554.

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Gonçalves, Josemir de Souza [UNESP]. "Amido e fibra solúvel em detergente neutro em dietas para ovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104959.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_js_dr_jabo.pdf: 576207 bytes, checksum: cfdaea1c27461a2cb51c7532f31b6d87 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar os efeitos das relações amido:fibra solúvel em detergente neutro (FSDN) das dietas sobre os parâmetros ruminais, digestivos e de desempenho de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês. As dietas foram caracterizadas pelas altas concentrações de amido (25%MS) ou de FSDN (25%MS) ou concentrações equivalentes destes nutrientes (18%amido+18%fibra solúvel na MS). No primeiro experimento foram utilizados seis borregos canulados ruminalmente, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (3 dietas x 3 períodos) para avaliação ruminal da concentração de amônia, pH e qualificação de massa microbiana. O segundo experimento avaliou o consumo, a digestibilidade total da matéria seca e dos nutrientes e os balanços de nitrogênio e energia das dietas experimentais, utilizando 15 borregos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No terceiro experimento realizou-se um confinamento utilizando 24 borregos não castrados distribuídos em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados. Após 74 dias de confinamento os animais foram avaliados quanto ao ganho em peso, consumo, conversão e eficiência alimentar. Posteriormente foram abatidos e avaliados quanto ao peso de abate, características de carcaças e composição química do músculo Longissimus. Os valores de pH (6,29) não diferiam (P>0,05) entre as dietas enquanto que a maior concentração de amônia foi encontrada para a dieta com 25% de FSDN. Aproximadamente 60% dos microrganismos ruminais estavam associados a fase líquida, contudo as dietas não interferiram (P>0,05) na população microbiana ruminal. Elevados coeficientes de digestibilidade foram observados, independentementemente do tipo de carboidrato solúvel utilizado em maior proporção. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor para a dieta FSDN (1,075 kg) quanto comparado às demais dietas, afetando a maioria das variáveis...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary starch:neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) relation on ruminal, digestibility and performance of Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs. The diets were characterized by high concentrations of starch (25% DM) or NDSF (25% DM) or equivalent concentrations of these nutrients (18% starch +18% soluble fiber at MS). In the first experiment six lambs with ruminal cannula were used, distributed in Latin square design (3 diets x 3 periods) to assess ruminal ammonia concentration, pH and classification of microbes. The second experiment assessed intake, total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients and nitrogen balance and energy of diets, using 15 lambs distributed in a completely randomized design. In the third experiment ram lambs were distributed in a complete randomized block design. After 74 days of confinement all animals were evaluated weight gain, intake, feed conversion and efficience. Later were slaughter and evaluated by slaughter weight, carcass characteristics and Longissimus chemical composition. Average pH (6.29) did not differ (P>0.05) amoung diets while the highest concentration of ammonia was found for the diet with 25% of NDSF. Approximately 60% of ruminal microorganisms were associated with the liquid phase, however the diets did not affect (P>0.05) ruminal microbial populations. High digestibility coefficients were observed, regardless of the type of soluble carbohydrate used. Dry matter intake was lower (P<0.05) for NDSF (1.075 kg) compared to the other diets, affecting most of the performance variables. It is recommended the use of diets with 18% starch and 18% of fsdn to sheep fed high proportions of concentrate
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Edwards, Nicholas John. "Nitrogen assimilation by rumen microorganisms: a study of the assimilation of ammonia by rumen bacteria in vivo and in vitro." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2657.pdf.

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Ambriz, Vilchis Virgilio. "Impact of dietary manipulation of rumen pH on health and productivity in dairy cows." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22863.

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Current feeding strategies for dairy cows focus on meeting the energy requirements for high levels of milk production. However a major concern is the effect that these feeding regimes might have on rumen pH, which can have harmful effects on the cow and rumen microbial population. Several interventions have been used to counteract the effects of low rumen pH such as the use of probiotics e.g. yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However benefits have been inconclusive due to large individual animal variation in responses to treatment observed. The use of novel monitoring technologies can help assess the effect that different dietary interventions have on performance, rumen pH and rumen health. Data from three on-farm dairy cow trials (Trial 1 standard diet plus yeast; Trial 2 standard diet plus acidotic challenge plus yeast; Trial 3 cows grazing grass plus yeast) was used to evaluate the use of rumination collars (RC), rumen pH boluses, a whole cow dynamic mechanistic simulation model (SM) and the effect that different feeding strategies have on performance rumen pH dynamics and rumination time. No statistically significant differences between Control (no yeast) and Treatment (addition of yeast) diets were observed on any of the parameters measured. The lack of animal response to yeast supplementation observed in the three feeding Trials could be attributed to the stage of lactation, as the cows were passed peak lactation. Comparison of rumination time obtained with the RC and visual observations (obtained directly and from video recordings) suggest that the RC can be used to determine rumination time in housed cows. However its poor performance in grazing environments makes its use not advisable in cows outside at grass. The rumen pH boluses provided detailed and accurate data on circadian rumen pH. Highly varied individual responses to the feeding strategies were observed. This resulted in a diverse degree of risk of individual cows which experienced sub-acute rumen acidosis. The SM was able to accurately predict circadian pH, compared against the data obtained from Trials 1 and 2. The model provided pH values that were in agreement with those obtained with the rumen boluses. The use of new technologies to monitor cows individually could aid in whole-herd management, for example by setting thresholds for rumen pH and rumination time related to individual cow status, and then trigger appropriate interventions.
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Karnati, Sanjay Kumar Reddy. "Application of molecular techniques to assess changes in ruminal microbial populations and protozoal generation time in cows and continuous culture." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164662405.

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Books on the topic "Rument"

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Rumeni. Viterbo: Stampa alternativa/Nuovi equilibri, 2009.

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Lamberti-Bocconi, Anna. Rumeni. Viterbo: Stampa alternativa/Nuovi equilibri, 2009.

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Laptev, Rumen. Rumen Laptev. Sofia, Bulgaria: Intertrust, 1992.

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Rumen microbiology. Thrumpton, Nottingham: Nottingham University Press, 2003.

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Williams, Alan G. The rumen protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Williams, Alan G. The rumen protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Williams, Alan G., and Geoffrey S. Coleman. The Rumen Protozoa. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2776-2.

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Novaković, Novica. Rumena, zelena, modra, rjava. Novo mesto: GOGA, 2006.

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Rumeur! Paris: Magnard jeunesse, 2006.

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1976-, Aris, ed. Rumeur! Paris: Magnard jeunesse, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rument"

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Cruz, Gustavo D., Danilo Domingues Millen, and André Luiz Nagatani Rigueiro. "Rumen Models." In Rumenology, 265–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_10.

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Mizrahi, Itzhak. "Rumen Symbioses." In The Prokaryotes, 533–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30194-0_1.

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Brown Kav, Aya, Itai Benhar, and Itzhak Mizrahi. "Rumen Plasmids." In Lateral Gene Transfer in Evolution, 105–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7780-8_5.

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Cersosimo, Laura M., and André-Denis G. Wright. "Rumen Methanogens." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 143–50. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_10.

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Li, Robert W. "Rumen Metagenomics." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 223–45. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_16.

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Zhou, M., Y. Chen, and L. L. Guan. "Rumen Bacteria." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 79–95. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_6.

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Fliegerova, Katerina, Kerstin Kaerger, Paul Kirk, and Kerstin Voigt. "Rumen Fungi." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 97–112. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_7.

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Wright, André-Denis G. "Rumen Protozoa." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 113–20. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_8.

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Sauvant, D. "Rumen mathematical modelling." In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, 685–708. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1453-7_16.

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Stewart, C. S., H. J. Flint, and M. P. Bryant. "The rumen bacteria." In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, 10–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1453-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rument"

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Sari, Rani Winardi Wulan, Novirman Jamarun, Elihasridas, and Gusri Yanti. "In-Vitro Rument Liquid Characteristics (pH, VFA, and NH3) From Sugar Cane Top Fermented with Different Levels of Phanerochaete chrysosporium." In International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development (ISPLRSAD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210609.031.

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Altan, Nagehan Nur, and Muazzez Cömert Acar. "Ruminant Beslemede Enterik Metan Salınımını Azaltmaya Yönelik Stratejiler." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.004.

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Küresel ısınma, atmosferdeki sera gazlarının konsantrasyonunun artması sonucunda yeryüzü sıcaklığının yükselmesi şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Küresel ısınmanın ve iklim değişikliğinin ana nedenleri olarak üç gaz gösterilmektedir. Bunlar metan (CH4), karbondioksit (CO2) ve diazot oksit (N2O)’tir. Hayvan türleri içerisinde en fazla metan üreticiler ruminantlardır. Metan, rumende metanojen bakteriler tarafından CO2 ve H2 kullanılması sonucu oluşmaktadır ve laktasyondaki bir süt ineği, aldığı brüt enerjinin %6,5’ini metanojenezis sonucu kaybeder. Bu nedenle enterik metan salınımının azaltılmasıyla günümüzde yem enerjisinden yararlanma etkinliğinin iyileştirilerek sürdürebilir bir ruminant besleme için önemli bir adım atılmış olacaktır. Bu nedenle yapılan çalışmalarda ruminant hayvanlar üzerine yoğunlaşılmaktadır. Metan salınımını azaltmak amacıyla sürü yönetimi (süt ve et verimi, hayvan sağlığı ve refahı) ve ruminant beslemeye yönelik stratejiler geliştirilmiştir. Rumen metabolizması üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle metan üretimini azaltmaya odaklanılmıştır. Rumende metan oluşumunu engelleyen ya da azaltan bazı uygulamalar rasyona müsin, yağ ve amino asit ilavesiyle metanojen bakterilerin çoğalmasını engelleyen şartların sağlanması şeklinde sıralanabilmektedir. Ayrıca, yemin enerjisinden daha iyi yararlanmanın sağlanması amacıyla alternatif bazı kaynakların (mayalar, organik asitler, bitki ekstrakları ve probiyotikler) metan salınımını azaltıcı etkileri üzerine de bildirişler mevcuttur. Bu bildiride, ruminant kaynaklı oluşan metan gazını azaltmaya yönelik çiftlik düzeyinde uygulanabilecek sürü yönetimi ve hayvan besleme stratejileri ile ilişkisi irdelenmiş ve çözüm önerileri verilmiştir.
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Fajardo, J., D. Barreto, and O. Morales. "Thermal Energy Replacement Potential in a Slaughter Plant From Rumen Pellets." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23108.

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Abstract In this work, steam generation was studied using natural gas or rumen as energy sources in a slaughter plant that sacrifices 7500 cattle per month, with consumption 0.5749 kg/s of saturated steam at 624 kPa. For a slaughtered cow, 10.5 kg of rumen can be obtained after being dried outdoors; for its final disposal, the slaughter plant bears the costs of USD 7.2 per ton of rumen. In the study, exergy and exergoeconomic performances were compared by generating steam with a natural gas boiler with the steam generation with a rumen boiler. From this, combustion analysis, energy efficiency, exergy destruction, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction costs, and generating 1 kg of steam from the two boilers were evaluated. The study results showed that the generation of steam with rumen is less efficient than with natural gas since it presents the exergy destruction of 1175.9 kW and exergy efficiency of 26.83%. While the generation of steam with rumen boiler was obtained, with exergy destruction of 1419.9 kW and exergy efficiency of 23.29%. Exergy destruction cost and the cost of generating 1 kg of steam using rumen were $/h 7821 and 0.0073 $/kg, respectively. Although the generation of steam with natural gas present the exergy destruction cost of 26285 $/h and the cost of generating steam of 0.021 $/kg, this indicators are higher using natural gas as a fuel that with rumen pellets.
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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Md Bokhtiar Rahma, Md Shohorab Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Xylanase Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Goat Rumen." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.1.

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The rumen microbial communities of ruminants are thought to be the most promising biochemical source of inordinately diversified and multi-functional cellulolytic enzymes with unique functional adaptations to improve biotechnological processes. The exploitation of rumen microbial genetic variety has been limited due to a lack of effective screening culture techniques and a lack of understanding of the rumen microbial genetic diversity. This study is conducted to isolate and characterize rumen bacteria from goat rumen that have capability to produce xylanase enzyme. Serial dilutions technique is applied to isolate bacteria from goat rumen and repeated tubing of the selectively enriched microbial cultures by using the specific media for rumen bacteria. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organisms metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme where all isolates found promising which indicates that all five isolates are superior and capable to produce xylanase.
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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Snygdha Rani Das, Mehfuz Alam, Md Abdul Aziz, Md Al-Amin Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Cellulase Producing Goat Rumen Bacteria." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.12.

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Cellulose is the most prevalent polymer on the planet and has long been utilized for a variety of industrial applications. The study's goal was to screen and isolate cellulase-producing bacteria from the rumen of a goat collected from different location of Dinajpur district. To do so, rumen content samples from two distinct goats were collected. In this investigation, rumen cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated and characterized after serial dilution of five isolates up to six fold and inoculation into Nutrient agar. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organism’s metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme. The result revealed the colonial characterization of bacteria and also where proven all five isolates are promising enough and superior in quality to produce cellulose.
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Walsh, Paul, Cintia Palu, Brian Kelly, Brendan Lawor, Jyotsna Talreja Wassan, Huiru Zheng, and Haiying Wang. "A metagenomics analysis of rumen microbiome." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217980.

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Sukarminah, E., Y. Cahyana, T. Rialita, Silvia Oktavia N. Yudiastuti, and H. G. Sobarsa. "Pengaruh Perbandingan Rumput Laut dan Susu Terhadap Karakteristik Yoghurt Probiotik Rumput Laut." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2020. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2020.49.

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Yogurt probiotik rumput laut adalah produk makanan fermentasi bakteri asam laktat yang menggunakan susu dan rumput laut merah Eucheuma cottonii sebagai bahan bakunya. Rumput laut memberikan efek fungsional pada inang dan berdampak pada tekstur yogurt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rumusan keseimbangan rumput laut dan susu skim yang mempengaruhi karakteristik yoghurt untuk disukai oleh panelis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan analisis rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. perlakuan yang diberikan adalah formulasi keseimbangan antara rumput laut dan susu 5:95, 15:85, 25:75, 35:65, dan 45:55 (v / v). keseimbangan Yogurt rumput laut dan susu 25:75 (v / v) memberikan karakteristik yogurt terbaik dengan pH 4,21; total padatan terlarut 16,75 brix; viskositas 765,67 mPas; total asam titrasi 0,64%; total bakteri asam laktat 6,9x108 cfu / mL; total bakteri probiotik 2,9 x 108 cfu / mL; kandungan protein 3,03%; 2,2% dari kandungan serat makanan dan karakteristik organoleptik yang meliputi warna 3,91% (suka), aroma 3,73 (suka), rasa 3,11 (biasa), ketebalan 3,6 (suka), keasaman 3,22 (normal), tekstur 3,45 (biasa), tekstur 3,45 (biasa) dan penampilan keseluruhan 3,64 (Suka).
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Infitria, Pajri Anwar, Jiyanto, and Muhajirin. "Komposisi botani dan produksi biomasa hijauan di Kecamatan Gunung Toar, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Riau." In The 2nd National Conference of Applied Animal Science (CAAS) 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/animpro.2021.12.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis hijauan yang tumbuh di Kecamatan Gunung Toar, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Penelitian diawali dengan survey (observasi lapang dan penentuan lokasi) kemudian pengambilan sampel hijauan pada 5 Desa yaitu desa Kampung Baru, Pisang Berebus, Petapahan, Pulau Mungkur, Gunung. Masing-masing Desa diambil 5 lokasi, setiap lokasi diambil 5 titik. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi jenis hijauan dan perhitungan produksi hijauan. Alat yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel hijauan terdiri dari kuadran 0,5 x 0,5 m2, gunting rumput, sabit, kantong plastik ukuran 10 dan ukuran 2 kg, karung, tali plastik, dan alat tulis. Perhitungan hijauan dengan persentase total hijauan, perhitungan produksi hijauan dilakukan dengan rata rata tiap desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 10 jenis hijauan, yang terdiri atas rumput, legum dan gulma. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah hijauan yang paling dominan tumbuh di Kecamatan Gunung Toar adalah dari jenis rumput/gramineae 42,53%, Rumput Bede (Brachiaria decumbens) 13,94% dan leguminosae 21,45%. Produksi biomas hijauan tertinggi di Desa Patabahan 73,44 ton/ha/th.
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Buryakov, Nikolay, Maria Buryakova, and Irina Hardik. "OPTIMIZATION OF CICATRICIAL DIGESTION OF COWS WHEN USING THE "FIBRASE"." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-138-144.

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The species composition and number of microflora, the total amount and diet of volatile fatty acids in the rumen content of experimental animals at the beginning of lactation were studied and the feasibility of using the feed additive "FIBRASE" in feeding lactating cows was determined.
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Rohma, Mila Riskiatul, Irfan Zubairi, Aldian Dwi Aryono, Lanang Nasrullah, and Desy Cahya Widianingrum. "Nitrat: karakteristik antinutrisi, dampak negatif, potensi aditif, dan efektivitas agen defaunasi." In The 2nd National Conference of Applied Animal Science (CAAS) 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/animpro.2021.3.

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Kajian pustaka ini memberikan informasi karakteristik, dampak negatif, dan potensi aditif, dan efek positif dari penggunaan antinutrisi nitrat. Antinutrisi merupakan komponen senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung di dalam tanaman dan dapat membahayakan ternak. Dampak negatif dari nitrat diantaranya keracunan pada ternak akibat reduksi nitrat dalam darah membentuk methamoglobin (MetHb) dan berpotensi menyebabkan keguguran pada ternak bunting akibat hypoxia. Meskipun demikian, nitrat dalam konsentrasi rendah dapat digunakan sebagai aditif pakan dan berdampak positif bagi produktifitas ternak. Pemanfaatan nitrat dalam bahan pakan hijauan bermanfaat sebagai agen defaunasi pada rumen ternak ruminansia. Penurunan populasi protozoa dalam rumen dapat meningkatkan kecernaan serat kasar sehingga bersifat menguntungkan karena terjadinya efisiensi produksi dan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ternak. Efek positif bagi lingkungan dengan adanya defaunasi adalah menurunkan emisi gas metan sebagai hasil dari proses metabolisme ternak ruminansia. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah senyawa antinutrisi pada pakan disamping memiliki dampak negatif, juga besar kemungkinan memiliki potensi yang dapat dimanfaatkan baik bagi ternak maupun lingkungan.
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Reports on the topic "Rument"

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Hoover, W. H., and T. K. Miller. Rumen digestive physiology and microbial ecology. West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.33915/agnic.708t.

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental, and Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.

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The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.
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Dorthé, Lotti, Sara Kjellberg, Annsofie Olsson, and Lotta Wogensen. Forskarnas galleri : forskningskommunikation i det trovärdiga rummet. Malmö University Library, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/mahlib/2018/9.

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Gunn, Patrick J., Ron Lemenager, and Allen Bridges. Excess Rumen Undegradable Protein Alters Parameters of Reproductive Function in Beef Cows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1138.

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Brasche, Carmen, Mary Drewnoski, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Effects of Dietary Sulfur Source on Rumen pH and Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Concentration. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-141.

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González Aldea, Patricia. Espacios de participación radiofónica e inmigración. El caso rumano. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-65-2010-882-045-060.

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Drewnoski, Mary, Erin Richter, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Days on Feed and Dietary Sulfur Content Affect Rumen Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations in Feedlot Steers. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-442.

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Exploring the role of the rumen microbiota in determining the feed efficiency of dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7594403.bard.

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Expanding world hunger calls for increasing available food resources. Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. One way to tackle the problem of diminishing food resources is to increase the animals' energetic efficiency, i.e., the efficiency with which they convert energy from feed, thereby increasing food availability while lowering the environmental burden, as these animals would produce more and eat less. We hypothesize that the cow's feed efficiency is dependent on the taxonomic composition, coding capacity and activity of its reticulorumenmicrobiota. To test this hypothesis, three aims are defined: (1) Evaluation of the feed efficiency of 146 dairy cows and defining two groups representing the highest and lowest 25% using the Israeli group's unique facility; (2) Comparing these two groups for microbiota diversity, identity and coding capacity using next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approaches; (3) Comparing the reticulorumenmicrobiota metabolic activity parameters. We measured feed efficiency in 146 milking cows and analyzed the taxonomic composition, gene content, microbial activity and metabolomic composition of rumen microbiomes from the 78 most extreme animals. Lower richness of microbiome gene content and taxa was tightly linked to higher feed efficiency. Microbiome genes and species accurately predicted the animals' feed-efficiency phenotype. Specific enrichment of microbes and metabolic pathways in each of these microbiome groups resulted in increasing valuable metabolites and decreasing unusable ones such as methane in efficient animals. This ecological and mechanistic understanding of the rumen microbiome could lead to an increase in available food resources and environmentally friendly livestock agriculture.
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