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Academic literature on the topic 'Rumen Microbiology'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rumen Microbiology"

Flachowsky, Gerhard. "Rumen Microbiology." Animal Feed Science and Technology 113, no. 1-4 (March 2004): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.09.002.

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France, J., and J. Dijkstra. "Applications of biomathematics to rumen microbiology." Reproduction Nutrition Development 37, Suppl. 1 (1997): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19970740.

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TKALCIC, SUZANA, CATHY A. BROWN, BARRY G. HARMON, ANANT V. JAIN, ERIC P. O. MUELLER, ANDREW PARKS, KAREN L. JACOBSEN, SCOTT A. MARTIN, TONG ZHAO, and MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Effects of Diet on Rumen Proliferation and Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Calves." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.12.1630.

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Calves inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and fed either a high-roughage or high-concentrate diet were evaluated for rumen proliferation and fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Calves fed the high-roughage diet had lower mean rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations and higher rumen pH values than did calves fed the high-concentrate diet. Despite these differences in rumen conditions, the calves fed the high-roughage diet did not have greater rumen populations of E. coli O157: H7 and did not exhibit increased or longer fecal shedding compared with the calves fed the high-concentrate diet. Two calves shedding the highest mean concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 were both fed the high-concentrate diet. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between fecal shedding and rumen volatile fatty acid concentration in calves fed a high-concentrate diet. The effects of diet on E. coli O157:H7 proliferation and acid resistance were investigated using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Rumen fluid collected from steers fed a high-roughage diet, but not from steers fed a high-concentrate diet, supported the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7. Rumen fluid from steers fed a high-concentrate diet rapidly induced acid resistance in E. coli O157:H7. The impact of diet on fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 is still unclear and may depend on dietary effects on fermentation in the colon and on diet-induced changes in the resident microflora. However, rapid development of acid tolerance by E. coli O157:H7 in the rumens of calves fed high-concentrate diets, allowing larger populations to survive passage through the acidic abomasum to proliferate in the colon, may be one factor that influences fecal shedding in cattle on feed.

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Wang, Yan-Lu, Wei-Kang Wang, Qi-Chao Wu, Fan Zhang, Wen-Juan Li, Sheng-Li Li, Wei Wang, Zhi-Jun Cao, and Hong-Jian Yang. "In Situ Rumen Degradation Characteristics and Bacterial Colonization of Corn Silages Differing in Ferulic and p-Coumaric Acid Contents." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112269.

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In plant cell wall, ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) are commonly linked with arabinoxylans and lignin through ester and ether bonds. These linkages were deemed to hinder the access of rumen microbes to cell wall polysaccharides. The attachment of rumen microbes to plant cell wall was believed to have profound effects on the rate and the extent of forage digestion in rumen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bound phenolic acid content and their composition in corn silages on the nutrient degradability, and the composition of the attached bacteria. Following an in situ rumen degradation method, eight representative corn silages with different FA and pCA contents were placed into nylon bags and incubated in the rumens of three matured lactating Holstein cows for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Corn silage digestibility was assessed by in situ degradation methods. As a result, the effective degradability of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre were negatively related to the ether-linked FA and pCA, and their ratio in corn silages, suggesting that not only the content and but also the composition of phenolic acids significantly affected the degradation characteristics of corn silages. After 24 h rumen fermentation, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidota were observed as the dominant phyla in the bacterial communities attached to the corn silages. After 72 h rumen fermentation, the rumen degradation of ester-linked FA was much greater than that of ester-linked pCA. The correlation analysis noted that Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002, Olsenella, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Acetitomaculum, and Bifidobacterium were negatively related to the initial ether-linked FA content while Prevotella was positively related to the ether-linked FA content and the ratio of pCA to FA. In summary, the present results suggested that the content of ether-linked phenolic acids in plant cell walls exhibited a more profound effect on the pattern of microbial colonization than the fibre content.

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Li, Zhipeng, Gemma Henderson, Yahan Yang, and Guangyu Li. "Diversity of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase genes in the rumens of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed different diets." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 1 (January 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0424.

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Reductive acetogenesis by homoacetogens represents an alternative pathway to methanogenesis to remove metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of homoacetogen in the rumens of pasture-fed roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed either oak-leaf-based (tannin-rich, 100 mg/kg dried matter), corn-stover-based, or corn-silage-based diets, by using formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene sequences as a marker. The diversity and richness of FTHFS sequences was lowest in animals fed oak leaf, indicating that tannin-containing plants may affect rumen homoacetogen diversity. FTHFS amino acid sequences in the rumen of roe deer significantly differed from those of sika deer. The phylogenetic analyses showed that 44.8% of sequences in pasture-fed roe deer, and 72.1%, 81.1%, and 37.5% of sequences in sika deer fed oak-leaf-, corn-stover-, and corn-silage-based diets, respectively, may represent novel bacteria that have not yet been cultured. These results demonstrate that the rumens of roe deer and sika deer harbor potentially novel homoacetogens and that diet may influence homoacetogen community structure.

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Shakira, G., IH Mirza, and A. Latif. "Scope of common DNA based methods for the study of rumen bacterial population." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 10, 2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14134.

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Innovative methods in relation to rumen microbiology are mainly focused on the study of rumen microbial population. Rumen ecosystem is highly responsive to changes in diet, age, antibiotic use, health of the host animal, which varies according to geographical location, season, and feeding scheme. Until recently, knowledge of rumen fermentation was primarily studied using classical culture-based techniques, such as isolation, enumeration and nutritional characterization, which probably only account for 10 to 20% of the rumen microbial biomass. An increase in bacterial numbers recovered from the rumen is the most reproducible effect of dietary yeast supplementation, and it has been recognized that the increased bacterial population especially cellulolytic bacteria is central to the action of the yeast in improving ruminant productivity . Many DNA based methods have described the diet dependent shift in the diversity of rumen bacterial population. This paper is primarily aimed to see different DNA based methods for study rumen bacterial population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14134Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 141-146

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ORPIN, C. G., Y. GREENWOOD, F. J. HALL, and I. W. PATERSON. "The rumen microbiology of seaweed digestion in Orkney sheep." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 58, no. 6 (June 1985): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1985.tb01715.x.

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KOSTYUKOVSKY, VLADIMIR, TAMIO INAMOTO, TASUKE ANDO, YUTAKA NAKAI, and KEIJI OGIMOTO. "Degradation of hay by rumen fungi in artificial rumen (RUSITEC)." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 41, no. 1 (1995): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.41.83.

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Qiu, Xinjun, Xiaoli Qin, Liming Chen, Zhiming Chen, Rikang Hao, Siyu Zhang, Shunran Yang, et al. "Serum Biochemical Parameters, Rumen Fermentation, and Rumen Bacterial Communities Are Partly Driven by the Breed and Sex of Cattle When Fed High-Grain Diet." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020323.

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Hybridization in bovines is practiced with the main aim of improving production performance, which may imply the microbial variations in the rumen from the parental breed cross to their progeny. Besides, the interactions of offspring breed with sex in terms of rumen bacteria are not clear. This study aims to evaluate the variations in rumen bacterial communities in different breeds and sexes, and the correlations among fattening performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen fermentation. Forty-two 19.2 ± 0.67-month-old beef cattle (390 ± 95 kg of initial body weight) comprising two genetic lines (Yiling and Angus × Yiling) and two sexes (heifers and steers) were raised under the same high-grain diet for 120 d. On the last two days, blood samples were collected from each animal via the jugular vein before morning feeding for analyzing serum biochemical parameters; rumen fluid samples were obtained via esophageal intubation 2 h after morning feeding for analyzing rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial communities. The results show that both breed and sex had a certain impact on fattening performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen fermentation. No differences in the diversity and structure of rumen bacterial communities were observed. Significant interactions (p < 0.05) of breed and sex were observed for Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001. The relative abundances of the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, and Succinivibrio were different (p < 0.05) between breeds. Heifers had a higher (p = 0.008) relative abundance of the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group than steers. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship (p < 0.05) of rumen bacteria with serum biochemical parameters, rumen pH, and rumen fermentation patterns. Additionally, only two genera, Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, had positive correlations with feed efficiency. In conclusion, serum biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial communities are partly driven by the breed and sex of cattle fed a high-grain diet.

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Rabee, Alaa Emara, Khalid Z. Kewan, Hassan M. El Shaer, Mebarek Lamara, and Ebrahim A. Sabra. "Effect of olive and date palm by-products on rumen methanogenic community in Barki sheep." AIMS Microbiology 8, no. 1 (2022): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022003.

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<abstract> <p>Rumen methanogens prevent the accumulation of fermentation gases in the rumen and generate methane that increases global warming and represents a loss in animals' gross energy. Non-traditional feed resources such as the by-products of date palm (<italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic>) and olive (<italic>Olea europaea</italic>) trees have received attention to be used in animal feeding. This study evaluated the impact of non-traditional feed resources including olive cake (OC), discarded dates (DD), and date palm frond (DPF) in sheep diet on rumen fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of rumen methanogens. Nine adult rams were assigned to three equal groups and fed three diets: traditional concentrates mixture (S1); non-traditional concentrate mixture (S2) based on DD and OC; and (S3) composed of the same S2 concentrate supplemented with DPF as a roughage part. The results showed that rumen pH was higher with S3 diet than the other two diets. However, the S1 diet showed the highest values of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and rumen ammonia. In addition, the proportions of acetic and butyric acids were increased, whereas propionic acid declined in S2 and S3 compared to the S1 diet. Rumen methanogens were dominated by <italic>Methanobrevibacter</italic> that showed a numeric decline by including DD, OC, and DPF in the animal diets. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on rumen fermentation parameters and relative abundances of methanogens genera showed three distinct clusters. Also, positive and negative correlations were revealed between methanogens genera and rumen metabolites. This study expands the knowledge regarding the effect of agricultural byproducts on rumen fermentation and the methanogenic community.</p> </abstract>

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rumen Microbiology"

Saluzzi, Liliana. "Ecophysiology of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU542848.

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The rumen microbial populations involved in the degradation of barley straw and clover/ryegrass forage during incubation in sacco were studied by the analysis of microbial phospholipids. The results suggested that the adherent populations differed from those in the liquid phase of the rumen contents, and that the microorganisms attached to barley straw differed from those attched to clover/ryegrass. In addition, the population adherent to barley straw appeared to change during the degradative process. The latter point was supported by observations using the electron microscope. When barley straw was incubated in vitro with Ruminococcus flavefaciens prior to incubation in the rumen, phospholipid analysis suggested that R.flavefaciens persisted during 72 h incubation in the rumen, although as a declining component of the mixed population. Ruminococcus flavefaciens was possibly displaced or other 'free' sites of attachment were occupied by different species. The in vitro incubation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes on clover/ryegrass and barley straw showed that the presence of F.succinogenes reduced the population size of R.flavefaciens and the degradability of clover/ryegrass suggesting a competitive or antagonist interaction betweeen these species. The analysis of phospholipid marker components and viable counts showed that R.flavefaciens rapidly outgrew F.succinogenes. Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes differed in the quantity and nature of the soluble plant components that accumulated in the culture liquids. After training Ruminococcus flavefaciens strain 17 to grow on different forages, adaptation through enhanced substrate degradation was detected when cultures were grown repeatedly on ryegrass. Significant increases in specific xylanase and beta-xylosidase activities were detected. It is concluded that the increase in dry matter solubilization and enzyme activities during prolonged subculture on ryegrass probably resulted from forward mutations.

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Rhéaume, John. "Rumen bacterial attachment to forage substrates and its relationship to digestibility and intake." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63187.

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Ellis, Jayne Elizabeth. "Studies on the metabolism of rumen climate protozoa." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305295.

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Karnati, Sanjay Kumar Reddy. "Application of molecular techniques to assess changes in ruminal microbial populations and protozoal generation time in cows and continuous culture." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164662405.

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Cassiano, Eduardo Cuelar Orlandi. "Avaliação de anticorpos policlonais em bovinos adaptados ou não à dietas com alta proporção de carboidratos prontamente fermentescíveis após indução à acidose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-17042014-100147/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) contra bactérias ruminais específicas, Streptococcus bovis e Fusobacterium necrophorum, em parâmetros ruminais da fermentação, em vacas canuladas, adaptadas ou não a uma dieta de alta proporção de carboidratos prontamente fermentescíveis, após indução à acidose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 3X3 replicado em arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 3X2, sendo 2 aditivos alimentares (PAP na apresentação em pó - PAPP e PAP na apresentação líquida - PAPL) mais um grupo controle (CON) e dois manejos de adaptação à dieta, resultando em seis tratamentos. O primeiro quadrado latino foi submetido a um protocolo de adaptação à dieta do tipo gradual ou step-up: dos dias D0 a D4 os animais receberam 100% de forragem; do D5 ao D9, 30% de concentrados e do D10 ao D14, 60% de concentrados. O segundo quadrado latino recebeu 100% de forragem do D0 ao D14 (sem adaptação). Nos D15 e D16, todos os animais receberam dieta com 80% de concentrados. Para as análises foram coletadas amostras de líquido ruminal a cada 3 horas a partir da 0h antes da alimentação até as 36h (D15 e D16) durante o desafio com uma dieta de 80% de concentrados. Os dados foram analisados pelo procedimento Mixed do SAS com nível de significância de 0,05. Foi observada interação entre tempo e adaptação (P<0,05) para pH ruminal com diferença entre método de adaptação nas 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 36 horas pós alimentação, quando o grupo não adaptado teve valores maiores que o grupo adaptado, sendo que na hora 24 ocorreu o contrário. Para a concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nas horas 0, 3, 6, 9 e 36 pós alimentação o grupo adaptado obteve maiores valores comparado ao grupo não adaptado. Para proporção molar de acetato, a 0 hora o grupo sem adaptação obteve valores maiores comparado ao grupo adaptado. Já nas horas 24, 27 e 30 o grupo com adaptação que obteve maiores valores. Para a proporção molar de propionato o grupo sem adaptação teve valores mais altos em comparação ao outro grupo das 3 às 36 horas pós alimentação. Quanto à proporção acetato:propionato (Ac:Pr) às 6, 12, 24, 27, 30 e 36 horas pós alimentação, o grupo de animais adaptados teve valores mais altos que o grupo não adaptado. Na proporção molar de butirato, o grupo de animais adaptados obteve maiores valores nas horas 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 33 e 36. Para os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3), às 6 horas pós alimentação, o grupo não adaptado obteve maiores valores que o grupo adaptado (26,1 vs. 19,3, respectivamente). Nas horas 9, 30, 33 e 36 ocorreu o contrário. Observou-se também interação entre tempo e aditivo (P=0,0430) para a proporção molar de butirato. Porém, quando a análise foi realizada por tempo, nenhum efeito foi observado. Para os valores relativos de protozoários mensurados (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Diplodinium e Entodinium) apenas o Entodinium apresentou efeito de adaptação (P<0,0236) tendo sua proporção maior no grupo adaptado. Os valores de haptoglobina também não foram influenciados nem por aditivo nem por adaptação. O preparado de anticorpos policlonais não foi tão eficaz quanto a adaptação gradual à dieta de alto concentrado para controlar alterações dos parâmetros ruminais.
The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) against specific rumen bacteria Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated cows adapted or not to highly fermentable carbohydrates diets (HFC) after an acidosis challenge. The experimental design was two 3X3 Latin squares in a factorial arrangement of treatments 3X2 regarding two feed additives (PAP in powder presentation - PAPP and PAP in liquid presentation - PAPL) plus control group (CON) and two managements of diets adaptation, resulting in six treatments. The first Latin square had a step-up diet adaptation: from D0 to D4 100% forage; D5 to D9 30% of concentrates and D10 to D14 60% of concentrates. The second Latin square received 100% forage from D0 to D14. On D15 and D16, all animals received a diet with 80% of concentrates. For analysis, rumen fluid was sampled at 0 and every 3 h posfeeding totaling 36 h (D15 and D16) of challenge with a diet with 80% of concentrates. Data were analyzed by MIXED procedure with a significance level of 0.05. An interaction between time and adaptation (P<0,05) was observed for ruminal pH. At 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 36 h postfeeding, the non-adapted group had higher values compared to the adapted group and at 24 h postfeeding, the inverse was observed. For total short-chain fatty acids concentration, at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 36 h postfeeding, the adapted group had higher values compared to non-adapted group. For molar proportion of acetate at 0h postfeeding, the non-adapted group had higher values than the adapted group, and at 24, 27 and 30h, the adapted group had greater values than the non-adapted group. For molar proportion of propionate the non-adapted group had greater values compared to the adapted group from 3 to 36h postfeeding. For acetate:propionate (Ac:Pr) ratio at 6, 12, 24, 27, 30 and 36 h postfeeding, the adapted group had greater values compared to the nonadapted group. For butyrate molar proportion at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 33 and 36h postfeeding the adapted group had greater values than the non-adapted group. For ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N) concentration at 6h, the non-adapted group had greater values than the adapted group (26.1 vs. 19.3, respectively), however at 9, 30, 33 and 36h postfeeding, the adapted group had higher values compared to the non-adapted group. It was also observed an interaction between time and additive (P=0.0430) for butyrate molar proportion, but when the analysis was performed by time no effect was observed. For the relative values of protozoa measured (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Diplodinium and Entodinium) only Entodinium presented adaptation effect (P<0.0236) with a higher proportion in the adapted group. Haptoglobin values was also not influenced (P>0.05) by additive or adaptation effect. Polyclonal antibodies preparation was not as effective as the gradual adaptation to the diet high concentrate to control changes of ruminal parameters.

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Wiryawan, I. Komang Gede. "Microbial control of lactic acidosis in grain-fed sheep." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw799.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 122-138. Investigates the use of microbial inoculants to prevent the onset of acidosis in acutely grain fed animals; and, the most effective combination of virginiamycin and lactic acid utilising bacteria (selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica and Megasphaera elsdenii) in controlling lactic acid accumulations in vitro.

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Gnanasampanthan, Gnanapragasam. "Immune responses of sheep to rumen ciliates and the survival and activity of antibodies in the rumen fluid." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg571.pdf.

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Videorecording has title: Effect of antibodies on the motility of rumen ciliates. Bibliography: leaves 197-259. Consists of a review of rumen ciliates, their implications in ruminant nutrition and a description of the research methods, the results and the conclusions drawn with regard to the prospects of establishing an immunological basis for the manipulation of rumen ciliates.

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Robertson, J. D. "The energetics of end product excretion from a rumen bacterium, Selenomonas ruminantium." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373190.

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Hackmann, Timothy John. "Responses of Rumen Microbes to Excess Carbohydrate." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364922613.

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Bottrill, Stephen. "Comparative studies of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase produced by soil and ruminal bacteria." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANM/09anmb751.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 139-167 The aim of this project was to identify an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of oxalate which would be suitable for degrading oxalate in the rumen, and clone and characterise that gene.

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Books on the topic "Rumen Microbiology"

Rumen microbiology. Thrumpton, Nottingham: Nottingham University Press, 2003.

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Williams, Alan G. The rumen protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Williams, Alan G. The rumen protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Puniya, Anil Kumar, Rameshwar Singh, and Devki Nandan Kamra, eds. Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3.

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Gotō, Masayuki, Tsuneo Hino, and Masamichi Tsukada. Rūmen biseibutsu ni okeru daisha chōsetsu no kikō. Kanagawa-ken Kawasaki-shi: Meiji Daigaku Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyūjo, 1995.

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N, Hobson P., ed. The Rumen microbial ecosystem. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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Russell, James B. Rumen microbiology and its role in ruminant nutrition. Ithaca, N.Y: James B. Russell, 2002.

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Dehority, Burk A. Laboratory manual for classification and morphology of rumen ciliate protozoa. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

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International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (7th 1989 Hakone-machi, Japan). The Rumen ecosystem: The microbial metabolism and its regulation : proceedings of a satelite symposium of the 7th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, Hakone, Japan, 1989. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1990.

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Tarakanov, B. V. Fenomen bakteriofagii v rubt︠s︡e zhvachnykh. Moskva: Nauchnyĭ mir, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rumen Microbiology"

Nagaraja, T. G. "Microbiology of the Rumen." In Rumenology, 39–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_2.

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Choudhury, Prasanta Kumar, Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem, Rajashree Jena, Sanjeev Kumar, Rameshwar Singh, and Anil Kumar Puniya. "Rumen Microbiology: An Overview." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 3–16. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_1.

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Kumar, Sanjay, and Dipti W. Pitta. "Revolution in Rumen Microbiology." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 357–79. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_24.

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Murphy, M. R. "Advances in rumen microbiology." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 527–28. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_195.

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Cersosimo, Laura M., and André-Denis G. Wright. "Rumen Methanogens." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 143–50. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_10.

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Li, Robert W. "Rumen Metagenomics." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 223–45. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_16.

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Zhou, M., Y. Chen, and L. L. Guan. "Rumen Bacteria." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 79–95. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_6.

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Fliegerova, Katerina, Kerstin Kaerger, Paul Kirk, and Kerstin Voigt. "Rumen Fungi." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 97–112. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_7.

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Wright, André-Denis G. "Rumen Protozoa." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 113–20. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_8.

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Hespell, Robert B., Danny E. Akin, and Burk A. Dehority. "Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa of the Rumen." In Gastrointestinal Microbiology, 59–141. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0322-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rumen Microbiology"

Puniya, A. K., S. Chetanya, A. K. Tyagi, R. Nagpal, S. Kumar, M. Malik, M. Puniya, and K. Singh. "Conjugated linoleic acid: a multifunctional nutraceutical from the rumen." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0079.

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Reports on the topic "Rumen Microbiology"

Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.

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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.

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