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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rumen

Academic literature on the topic 'Rumen'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rumen"

1

Purcell, Peter James, Tommy M. Boland, Martin O'Brien, and Pádraig O'Kiely. "In vitro rumen methane output of forb species sampled in spring and summer." Agricultural and Food Science 21, no. 2 (June 5, 2012): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.4811.

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The chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation variables and methane (CH4) output of a range of common forb species sampled in spring and summer, and grass silage (14 treatments in total), were determined in this study. Dried, milled herbage samples were incubated in an in vitro rumen batch culture with rumen microbial inoculum (rumen fluid) and buffered mineral solution (artificial saliva) at 39 °C for 24 hours. All herbage chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation variables were affected (p<0.001) by treatment. Rumex obtusifolius (in spring and summer), Urtica dioica (summer) and Senecio jacobaea (summer) had lower (p<0.05) CH4 outputs relative to feed dry matter incubated compared with grass silage, reflecting their lower extent of in vitro rumen fermentation.

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Zhong, Tao, Cheng Wang, Jiangtao Hu, Xiaoyong Chen, Lili Niu, Siyuan Zhan, Linjie Wang, et al. "Comparison of MicroRNA Transcriptomes Reveals the Association between MiR-148a-3p Expression and Rumen Development in Goats." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111951.

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The rumen is an important digestive organ of ruminants. From the fetal to adult stage, the morphology, structure and function of the rumen change significantly. However, the knowledge of the intrinsic genetic regulation of these changes is still limited. We previously reported a genome-wide expression profile of miRNAs in pre-natal goat rumens. In this study, we combined and analyzed the transcriptomes of rumen miRNAs during pre-natal (E60 and E135) and post-natal (D30 and D150) stages. A total of 66 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in the rumen tissues from D30 and D150 goats. Of these, 17 DEMs were consistently highly expressed in the rumens at the pre-weaning stages (E60, E135 and D30), while down-regulated at D150. Noteworthy, annotation analysis revealed that the target genes regulated by the DEMs were mainly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. Interestingly, the expression of miR-148a-3p was significantly high in the embryonic stage and down-regulated at D150. The potential binding sites of miR-148a-3p in the 3′-UTR of QKI were predicted by the TargetScan and verified by the dual luciferase report assay. The co-localization of miR-148a-3p and QKI through in situ hybridization was observed in the rumen tissues but not in the intestinal tracts. Moreover, the expression of miR-148a-3p in the epithelium was significantly higher than that in the other layers of the rumen, suggesting that miR-148a-3p is involved in the development of the rumen epithelial cells by targeting QKI. Subsequently, miR-148a-3p inhibitor was found to induce the proliferation of GES-1 cells. Taken together, our study identified DEMs involved in the development of the rumen and provides insights into the regulation mechanism of rumen development in goats.

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Mohamed, Ruba, and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry. "Methods to study degradation of ruminant feeds." Nutrition Research Reviews 21, no. 1 (June 2008): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422408960674.

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Ruman degradation is crucial in the supply of dietary nutrients to meet the nutrient demands of the anaerobic microbes and body tissues of ruminant animals. Therefore, it is essential to study the dynamics of rumen degradation of various feeds before their potential use to formulate nutritious diets for ruminant animals. Amongst many methods that have been used in the past, thein saccomethod has been the most effective method to study rumen degradation. However, this method is undesirable due to its implications for animal welfare and costs. While manyin vitromethods have been tested as possible alternatives to thein saccomethod to study rumen degradation of feeds, they were unable to remove the need to use fistulated animals to obtain rumen fluid. Although solubility, enzyme- and faeces-basedin vitromethods do not require rumen fluid, they still need data from either thein saccomethod or the rumen fluid-basedin vitromethods for comparison and validation. Therefore, there is a need to developin vitromethods that do not require the need to surgically modify ruminants to obtain rumen fluid to study rumen degradation. We review the potentials and problems associated with the existing methods to study rumen degradation and their implications for the animal industry in different situations.

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4

Soto, E. C., D. R. Yáñez-Ruiz, G. Cantalapiedra-Hijar, A. Vivas, and E. Molina-Alcaide. "Changes in ruminal microbiota due to rumen content processing and incubation in single-flow continuous-culture fermenters." Animal Production Science 52, no. 9 (2012): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11312.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of rumen content manipulation and its incubation in an in vitro system on the abundance of some microbial groups and the bacterial diversity of goat rumens. Animals and single-flow continuous-culture fermenters were fed diets differing in forage to concentrate ratio (70 : 30; LC and 30 : 70; HC). Rumen contents were sampled after animals’ adaptation to the experimental diets, processed for inoculum preparation and inoculated into fermenters. Fermenter contents were sampled 1 and 7 days after inoculation. Total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, fungi and methanogen abundances were lower in the fermenter than in goat rumens, but no differences were found for Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The abundances of all these microorganisms were similar at 1 and 7 days of rumen content incubation in fermenters. Bacterial species richness did not change due to rumen content processing or the in vitro incubation. Shannon–Wiener index and Pielou evenness were lower in the fermenter than in rumen only when the enzyme HaeIII was used in terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, both in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism, showed a segregation of in vivo and in vitro samples, but no trends of grouping for fermenter samples was observed. The HC diet promoted higher abundance of total bacteria than LC in rumen but not in fermenters. Diet only had an effect on bacterial diversity when the enzyme HaeIII was considered. Rumen content processing and incubation in fermenters caused an important decline of the studied ruminal microbial groups although bacterial community structure and diversity did not significantly change.

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5

Silalahi, Marina. "PEMANFATAN TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI BAHAN RUM-RUMEN (MINUMAN KESEHATAN ETNIS KARO) OLEH PEDAGANG TUMBUHAN OBAT DI PASAR PANCUR BATU SUMATERA UTARA." Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jc.v8i2.1296.

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Written documentation of local knowledge about health drinks, especially the Karo ethnic group, is still limited, although degradation is accelerating with the introduction of information technology. This study aims to determine the diversity of rum-rumen plants, their properties and bioactivity. The method used in the survey and in-depth interviews of 11 traders of medicinal plants is used as a material for making rum-rumen and their benefits. Respondents in this study were all traders of medicinal plants in the Pancurbatu market who traded rum- rumen material. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The results showed that the rum-rumen is a health drink derived from extracts of 6 plant species originating from 3 families. Leaves and stems are the most widely used organs. The benefits of rum rumen are blood circulation, overcoming headaches, overcoming digestive tract disorders, treating cholesterol and also anti-hypertension. The conclusion that all types of plants used as ruminal ingredients are rich in essential oils. The three plants are Ocimum basilicum, Plectranthus amboinicus and Cymbopogon citratus as the main ingredient of rumen have bioactivity as antimicrobial and anti-cancer especially microbes that infect the digestive and respiratory tract. Rum-rumem drink is very potential to be developed into a health drink to treat digestive and respiratory disorders.

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6

Malmuthuge, Nilusha, Philip J. Griebel, and Le Luo Guan. "Taxonomic Identification of Commensal Bacteria Associated with the Mucosa and Digesta throughout the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Preweaned Calves." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 6 (January 17, 2014): 2021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03864-13.

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ABSTRACTBacterial colonization in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of preweaned calves is very important, since it can influence early development and postweaning performance and health. This study investigated the composition of the bacteria along the GIT (rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) of preweaned bull calves (3 weeks old) using pyrosequencing to understand the segregation of bacteria between the mucosal surface and digesta. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a total of 83 genera belonging to 13 phyla were distributed throughout the GIT of preweaned calves, with theFirmicutes,Bacteroidetes, andProteobacteriapredominating. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of selected abundant bacterial genera (Prevotella,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus, andFaecalibacterium) revealed that their prevalence was significantly different among the GIT regions and between mucosa- and digesta-associated communities. Rumens contained the most diverse bacterial population, consisting of 47 genera, including 16 rumen-specific genera, followed by the large intestine and then the small intestine. Bacterial species richness was higher at the mucosal surface than in the local digesta, with the exception of the rumen. The majority of bacteria found on the rumen epithelial surface and within the small intestine could not be identified due to a lack of known genus-level information. Thus, future studies will be required to fully characterize the microbiome during the development of the rumens and the mucosal immune systems of newborn calves. This is the first study to analyze in depth the bacterial composition of the GIT microbiome in preweaned calves, which extends previous findings regarding early rumen colonization and bacterial segregation between mucosa- and digesta-associated microbial communities.

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Moningkey, Sony A. E., R. A. V. Tuturoong, and I. D. R. Lumenta. "PEMANFAATAN ISI RUMEN TERFERMENTASI CELLULOMONAS Sp SEBAGAI CAMPURAN PAKAN KOMPLIT TERNAK KELINCI." ZOOTEC 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.1.2020.28245.

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UTILIZATION OF FERMENTED RUMENT CONTENT WITH CELLULOMONAS SP IN MIXED COMPLETE FEED FOR RABBIT. Research conducted to learn how to use cattle rumen content by using fermentation processing techniques to enable this rumen to be used as rabbit feed. The material used in this study consisted of cattle rumen contents, starter Cellulomonas sp, rabbits, complete feed. This research consisted of two phase. The first study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design 4 preparations and 6 replications. The fermentation time consists of 0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. For the second study using an experimental method with randomized block design based on the initial body weight of rabbits. The treatment given is the level of use of the best fermented rumen contents in a complete feed ration. Variable which is translated as feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. Research results The first stage of the P4 study sample (72 hours) as the best guideline is seen from the parameters of crude protein and crude fiber. The results of this study indicate that the use of feed using rumen fermentation (IRF) can increase feed consumption and weight gain. The conclusion of this study is the provision of 30% mixture of fermented rumen contents of Cellulomonas sp in complete feed produced the best results seen from the parameters of consumption, weight gain and feed conversion of rabbit.Keywords: Rumen contents, fermentation, Cellulomonas sp, complete feed, rabbits

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TKALCIC, SUZANA, CATHY A. BROWN, BARRY G. HARMON, ANANT V. JAIN, ERIC P. O. MUELLER, ANDREW PARKS, KAREN L. JACOBSEN, SCOTT A. MARTIN, TONG ZHAO, and MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Effects of Diet on Rumen Proliferation and Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Calves." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.12.1630.

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Calves inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and fed either a high-roughage or high-concentrate diet were evaluated for rumen proliferation and fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Calves fed the high-roughage diet had lower mean rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations and higher rumen pH values than did calves fed the high-concentrate diet. Despite these differences in rumen conditions, the calves fed the high-roughage diet did not have greater rumen populations of E. coli O157: H7 and did not exhibit increased or longer fecal shedding compared with the calves fed the high-concentrate diet. Two calves shedding the highest mean concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 were both fed the high-concentrate diet. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between fecal shedding and rumen volatile fatty acid concentration in calves fed a high-concentrate diet. The effects of diet on E. coli O157:H7 proliferation and acid resistance were investigated using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Rumen fluid collected from steers fed a high-roughage diet, but not from steers fed a high-concentrate diet, supported the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7. Rumen fluid from steers fed a high-concentrate diet rapidly induced acid resistance in E. coli O157:H7. The impact of diet on fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 is still unclear and may depend on dietary effects on fermentation in the colon and on diet-induced changes in the resident microflora. However, rapid development of acid tolerance by E. coli O157:H7 in the rumens of calves fed high-concentrate diets, allowing larger populations to survive passage through the acidic abomasum to proliferate in the colon, may be one factor that influences fecal shedding in cattle on feed.

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Li, Zhipeng, Gemma Henderson, Yahan Yang, and Guangyu Li. "Diversity of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase genes in the rumens of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed different diets." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 1 (January 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0424.

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Reductive acetogenesis by homoacetogens represents an alternative pathway to methanogenesis to remove metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of homoacetogen in the rumens of pasture-fed roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) fed either oak-leaf-based (tannin-rich, 100 mg/kg dried matter), corn-stover-based, or corn-silage-based diets, by using formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene sequences as a marker. The diversity and richness of FTHFS sequences was lowest in animals fed oak leaf, indicating that tannin-containing plants may affect rumen homoacetogen diversity. FTHFS amino acid sequences in the rumen of roe deer significantly differed from those of sika deer. The phylogenetic analyses showed that 44.8% of sequences in pasture-fed roe deer, and 72.1%, 81.1%, and 37.5% of sequences in sika deer fed oak-leaf-, corn-stover-, and corn-silage-based diets, respectively, may represent novel bacteria that have not yet been cultured. These results demonstrate that the rumens of roe deer and sika deer harbor potentially novel homoacetogens and that diet may influence homoacetogen community structure.

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10

Hook, S. E., K. S. Northwood, A. D. G. Wright, and B. W. McBride. "Long-Term Monensin Supplementation Does Not Significantly Affect the Quantity or Diversity of Methanogens in the Rumen of the Lactating Dairy Cow." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 2 (November 21, 2008): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01672-08.

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ABSTRACT A long-term monensin supplementation trial involving lactating dairy cattle was conducted to determine the effect of monensin on the quantity and diversity of rumen methanogens in vivo. Fourteen cows were paired on the basis of days in milk and parity and allocated to one of two treatment groups, receiving (i) a control total mixed ration (TMR) or (ii) a TMR with 24 mg of monensin premix/kg of diet dry matter. Rumen fluid was obtained using an ororuminal probe on day −15 (baseline) and days 20, 90, and 180 following treatment. Throughout the 6-month experiment, the quantity of rumen methanogens was not significantly affected by monensin supplementation, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The diversity of the rumen methanogen population was investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA clone gene libraries. DGGE analysis at each sampling point indicated that the molecular diversity of rumen methanogens from monensin-treated cattle was not significantly different from that of rumen methanogens from control cattle. 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed from samples obtained from the rumen fluids of five cows, with a total of 166 clones examined. Eleven unique 16S rRNA sequences or phylotypes were identified, five of which have not been recognized previously. The majority of clones (98.2%) belonged to the genus Methanobrevibacter, with all libraries containing Methanobrevibacter strains M6 and SM9 and a novel phylotype, UG3322.2. Overall, long-term monensin supplementation was not found to significantly alter the quantity or diversity of methanogens in the rumens of lactating dairy cattle in the present study.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rumen"

1

Lynch, Jennifer Ann. "Rumen stability of two rumen-protected choline products." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32118.

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Bento, Maria Helena Lino. "The effects of condensed tannins on rumen and post-rumen digestion of nutrients." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430272.

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of tannins on in sacco disappearance in the rumen and post-ruminal digestion using the mobile bag and pepsin-pancreatin (in vitro) methods, and the tube-feeding technique in poultry. The treatment of Lotus pedunculatus with PEG increased in sacco disappearance compared with untreated lotus. Quebracho tannin (QT) reduced the disappearance of lupin seeds and soyabean meal. No effect of QT was found on the disappearance of chickpea, and an increase was observed for the disappearance of pea.

Tannins increased the excretion of nitrogenous compounds and sialic acid, and reduced nutrient digestibility of most feeds tested, as measured by the4 poultry model. Tannins reduced the proportion of uric acid nitrogen in the excreta. Tannins in lotus reduced intestinal digestion of N as measured by mobile bag and in vitro methods. Nitrogen digestibility of soyabean meal and chickpea as measured by the mobile bag and in vitro methods was not affected by QT. Mimosa tannin (MT) inhibited the attachment of microbes to cellulose and decreased gas production. Polyethylene glycol completely restored the gas production from cellulose treated with MT. Pectin improved microbial attachment in the presence of MT, and the inhibition of the gas production from cellulose was partially restored. The gas production from maize shoots decreased with MT, and it was restored with the addition of PEG. Pectin did not improve the gas production from MT-treated maize shoots. The presence of both MT and pectin improved EMPS, but reduced the incorporation of ¹⁵N into microbial protein.

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Garrett, Jennifer L. "Varying rumen available carbohydrate and rumen available protein in diets of lactating cattle." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170400/.

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Wiryawan, I. Komang Gede. "Microbial control of lactic acidosis in grain-fed sheep." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw799.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 122-138. Investigates the use of microbial inoculants to prevent the onset of acidosis in acutely grain fed animals; and, the most effective combination of virginiamycin and lactic acid utilising bacteria (selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica and Megasphaera elsdenii) in controlling lactic acid accumulations in vitro.

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Snyman, Leendert Dekker. "Qualitative characteristics of selected Atriplex nummularia (Hatfield Select)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04022007-162554.

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6

Embaby, Mohamed GalalEldeen. "EFFECTS OF UNCONVENTIONAL PLANT OILS AND RUMEN ADAPTATION ON METHANE GAS EMISSION AND RUMEN FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2353.

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The objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of unconventional oils rich in phenolic compounds and rumen adaption on methane (CH4) gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics under in vitro rumen conditions. For this purpose, two sets of trials were conducted. In the first trial, the effects of blackberry, blueberry, raspberry, pomegranate, black seed and hemp oils on CH4 production and fermentation were examined in three 24 h batch culture experiments. Treatments in each experiment consisted of control (no oil supplement), control plus corn oil, or control plus two of the unconventional oils. Oils were added to rumen cultures at 500 mg/L (equivalent to 3.3 g oil/kg of diet dry matter (DM)). After 24 h of incubation, CH4 production was not different between the control and the corn oil treatments. Of the six unconventional oils tested, only hemp and blueberry oils reduced (P<0.05) CH4 production by 9-16% relative to the control and corn oil treatments. No significant differences were observed between treatments in dry matter digestibility (DMD) or total volatile fatty acids (tVFA). Except for a reduction (P<0.05) in acetate concentration with the raspberry oil, and an increase (P<0.05) in valerate concentration with the pomegranate oil, all other treatments had similar VFA concentrations. In the second trial, the effects of adding oregano essential oil (OEO) to adapted and unadapted rumen cultures on CH4 production and rumen fermentation were evaluated under in vitro condition. Rumen cultures were obtained from continues culture fermenters fed a control diet or control diet plus OEO at 250 mg/day for 10 days. The addition of OEO decreased (P<0.05) ii CH4 production only in adapted cultures. Total VFA and acetate concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in the unadapted than adapted cultures and their concentrations decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of OEO particularly when added to the adapted cultures. Propionate concentrations were also greater (P<0.05) in the unadapted than the adapted cultures and concentrations decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of OEO. Dry matter degradability and total gas production decreased (P<0.03) with the addition of OEO in both cultures and total gas production tended (P<0.13) to be lower when added to the adapted cultures. In conclusion, our results showed that hemp and blueberry oils were moderately effective in reducing rumen CH4 formation without compromising rumen fermentation and digestibility. Oregano Essential oil addition negatively affected rumen fermentation in both adapted and unadapted cultures and the effect was greater in the adapted cultures. The greater effects of OEO on CH4 production in the adapted cultures most likely due to the lower fermentation efficiency in these cultures.

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7

Edwards, Nicholas John. "Nitrogen assimilation by rumen microorganisms: a study of the assimilation of ammonia by rumen bacteria in vivo and in vitro." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2657.pdf.

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Edwards, N. J. "Ammonia metabolism in rumen mirco-organisms /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AB/09abe26.pdf.

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Hillman, K. "Studies on metabolism in rumen protozoa." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378375.

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Oyama, Linda Boniface. "Prospecting rumen bacteria for novel antimicrobials." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/648b4e03-b6d9-46b7-89d0-1b0d5d483219.

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Due to their broad-spectrum and bactericidal activity, antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPPs) are considered as future drug alternatives to combat the escalating problem of antimicrobial resistance in medicine. The community of competitive culturable and non-culturable bacteria in the rumen present a potential source for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds including AMPPs. Metagenomic and bioinformatics based techniques were used to prospect two rumen bacterial metagenomes for potentially novel antimicrobial genes (proteins) and peptide sequences. Novel short antimicrobial peptides (peptides 1-181) and eleven longer antimicrobial genes/miniproteins (Gene 6, 17A, 17B palG1 and palG2, H-G1, H-G2, H-G3, H-G4, H-G5) were identified. Eight of these (peptides 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15 and palG1) were selected for further analysis. These antimicrobials displayed potent antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 32 to 64 μg/ml) against both Gram positive bacteria strains (including Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains MSSA RN4220 and EMRSA-15, Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 and Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994 (serovar 4b)), as well as Gram negative bacteria strains (Escherichia coli K12, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15692) PAO1 strain H103) in Mueller Hinton broth. No haemolytic activity against red blood cells was seen. Data obtained indicate that loss of cell viability is due to cytoplasmic leakage and there is some evidence of interference with the cell division mechanism. The rumen AMPPs identified in this study show great activity against clinically relevant human pathogens and to our knowledge are the first rumen AMPs identified using metagenomics. Overall, the data support the potential use of AMPs (2, 3, 7), AMPs (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15) and the polypeptide palG1 in the treatment of S. aureus, E. coli and Ent. faecalis infections respectively in the future.

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Books on the topic "Rumen"

1

Laptev, Rumen. Rumen Laptev. Sofia, Bulgaria: Intertrust, 1992.

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Karanfilova, Suzana. Rumen Skorchev. Sofii︠a︡: Nat︠s︡ionalen daritelski fond "13 veka Bŭlgarii︠a︡", 2017.

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Williams, Alan G., and Geoffrey S. Coleman. The Rumen Protozoa. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2776-2.

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Williams, Alan G. The rumen protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Williams, Alan G. The rumen protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Hobson, P. N., and C. S. Stewart, eds. The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1453-7.

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7

N, Hobson P., and Stewart C. S, eds. The Rumen microbial ecosystem. 2nd ed. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1997.

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Çopur, İzzettin. Tarihte Türk-Rumen ilişkileri. Ankara: Genelkurmay Basımevi, 2006.

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9

N, Hobson P., ed. The Rumen microbial ecosystem. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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10

Skorcheva, Elka. Rumen Skorchev i prii︠a︡teli. Sofii︠a︡: Izdatelstvo na BAN "Prof. Marin Drinov", 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rumen"

1

Cruz, Gustavo D., Danilo Domingues Millen, and André Luiz Nagatani Rigueiro. "Rumen Models." In Rumenology, 265–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_10.

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2

Mizrahi, Itzhak. "Rumen Symbioses." In The Prokaryotes, 533–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30194-0_1.

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Brown Kav, Aya, Itai Benhar, and Itzhak Mizrahi. "Rumen Plasmids." In Lateral Gene Transfer in Evolution, 105–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7780-8_5.

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Cersosimo, Laura M., and André-Denis G. Wright. "Rumen Methanogens." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 143–50. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_10.

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Li, Robert W. "Rumen Metagenomics." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 223–45. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_16.

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Zhou, M., Y. Chen, and L. L. Guan. "Rumen Bacteria." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 79–95. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_6.

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Fliegerova, Katerina, Kerstin Kaerger, Paul Kirk, and Kerstin Voigt. "Rumen Fungi." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 97–112. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_7.

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Wright, André-Denis G. "Rumen Protozoa." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 113–20. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_8.

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Sauvant, D. "Rumen mathematical modelling." In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, 685–708. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1453-7_16.

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Stewart, C. S., H. J. Flint, and M. P. Bryant. "The rumen bacteria." In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, 10–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1453-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rumen"

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Fajardo, J., D. Barreto, and O. Morales. "Thermal Energy Replacement Potential in a Slaughter Plant From Rumen Pellets." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23108.

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Abstract In this work, steam generation was studied using natural gas or rumen as energy sources in a slaughter plant that sacrifices 7500 cattle per month, with consumption 0.5749 kg/s of saturated steam at 624 kPa. For a slaughtered cow, 10.5 kg of rumen can be obtained after being dried outdoors; for its final disposal, the slaughter plant bears the costs of USD 7.2 per ton of rumen. In the study, exergy and exergoeconomic performances were compared by generating steam with a natural gas boiler with the steam generation with a rumen boiler. From this, combustion analysis, energy efficiency, exergy destruction, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction costs, and generating 1 kg of steam from the two boilers were evaluated. The study results showed that the generation of steam with rumen is less efficient than with natural gas since it presents the exergy destruction of 1175.9 kW and exergy efficiency of 26.83%. While the generation of steam with rumen boiler was obtained, with exergy destruction of 1419.9 kW and exergy efficiency of 23.29%. Exergy destruction cost and the cost of generating 1 kg of steam using rumen were $/h 7821 and 0.0073 $/kg, respectively. Although the generation of steam with natural gas present the exergy destruction cost of 26285 $/h and the cost of generating steam of 0.021 $/kg, this indicators are higher using natural gas as a fuel that with rumen pellets.

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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Md Bokhtiar Rahma, Md Shohorab Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Xylanase Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Goat Rumen." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.1.

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The rumen microbial communities of ruminants are thought to be the most promising biochemical source of inordinately diversified and multi-functional cellulolytic enzymes with unique functional adaptations to improve biotechnological processes. The exploitation of rumen microbial genetic variety has been limited due to a lack of effective screening culture techniques and a lack of understanding of the rumen microbial genetic diversity. This study is conducted to isolate and characterize rumen bacteria from goat rumen that have capability to produce xylanase enzyme. Serial dilutions technique is applied to isolate bacteria from goat rumen and repeated tubing of the selectively enriched microbial cultures by using the specific media for rumen bacteria. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organisms metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme where all isolates found promising which indicates that all five isolates are superior and capable to produce xylanase.

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Walsh, Paul, Cintia Palu, Brian Kelly, Brendan Lawor, Jyotsna Talreja Wassan, Huiru Zheng, and Haiying Wang. "A metagenomics analysis of rumen microbiome." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217980.

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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Snygdha Rani Das, Mehfuz Alam, Md Abdul Aziz, Md Al-Amin Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Cellulase Producing Goat Rumen Bacteria." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.12.

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Cellulose is the most prevalent polymer on the planet and has long been utilized for a variety of industrial applications. The study's goal was to screen and isolate cellulase-producing bacteria from the rumen of a goat collected from different location of Dinajpur district. To do so, rumen content samples from two distinct goats were collected. In this investigation, rumen cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated and characterized after serial dilution of five isolates up to six fold and inoculation into Nutrient agar. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organism’s metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme. The result revealed the colonial characterization of bacteria and also where proven all five isolates are promising enough and superior in quality to produce cellulose.

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Fitri, Ainissya, Roni Ridwan, Wulansih Dwi Astuti, Rusli Fidriyanto, Rohmatussolihat, Ki Ageng Sarwono, Yantyati Widyastuti, et al. "Effect of rumen-protected methionine on rumen fermentation and plasma amino acid concentration on ruminants: A meta-analysis." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INNOVATIVE BIOPRODUCTION INDONESIA ON BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING 2022: Strengthening Bioeconomy through Applied Biotechnology, Bioengineering, and Biodiversity. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0183631.

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Bethany A Corcoran, Janell C Henry, Reid R Rice, Hamid D Rismani-Yazdi, and Ann D Christy. "Cellulosic Ethanol from Sugarcane Bagasse Using Rumen Microorganisms." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25189.

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Hajnal, Éva, Gergely Vakulya, and Péter Udvardy. "Heart Rate (HR) Detection by Cattle Rumen Bolus." In 2023 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ines59282.2023.10297762.

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Yulistiani, Dwi, Wisri Puastuti, and Yeni Widiawati. "In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation of Grass or Rice Straw Basal Diet With or Without Complete Rumen Modifier Supplementation." In Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.310-317.

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Puniya, A. K., S. Chetanya, A. K. Tyagi, R. Nagpal, S. Kumar, M. Malik, M. Puniya, and K. Singh. "Conjugated linoleic acid: a multifunctional nutraceutical from the rumen." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0079.

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Tao, Yuheng, Song Ye, Leizi Jiao, Hongwu Tian, and Daming Dong. "Design of Bovine Rumen Acid Monitoring Sensor and System." In 2019 IEEE 8th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itaic.2019.8785853.

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Reports on the topic "Rumen"

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Hoover, W. H., and T. K. Miller. Rumen digestive physiology and microbial ecology. West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.33915/agnic.708t.

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.

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Cubides, A., D. Parra, R. Ortiz, Y. Avellaneda, O. L. Mayorga, C. Ariza Nieto, and G. Afanador. Effect of functional additives on the rumen development in the dairy calf. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.2.

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En los sistemas lácteos especializados, hay problemas debido al bajo desarrollo de la función del rumen de la pantorrilla, lo que causa un retraso en el comienzo de la vida productiva de los animales de reemplazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la suplementación de aditivos funcionales en el desarrollo del rumen

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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.

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Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental, and Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.

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The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.

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Gunn, Patrick J., Ron Lemenager, and Allen Bridges. Excess Rumen Undegradable Protein Alters Parameters of Reproductive Function in Beef Cows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1138.

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Brasche, Carmen, Mary Drewnoski, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Effects of Dietary Sulfur Source on Rumen pH and Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Concentration. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-141.

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Exploring the role of the rumen microbiota in determining the feed efficiency of dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7594403.bard.

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Expanding world hunger calls for increasing available food resources. Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. One way to tackle the problem of diminishing food resources is to increase the animals' energetic efficiency, i.e., the efficiency with which they convert energy from feed, thereby increasing food availability while lowering the environmental burden, as these animals would produce more and eat less. We hypothesize that the cow's feed efficiency is dependent on the taxonomic composition, coding capacity and activity of its reticulorumenmicrobiota. To test this hypothesis, three aims are defined: (1) Evaluation of the feed efficiency of 146 dairy cows and defining two groups representing the highest and lowest 25% using the Israeli group's unique facility; (2) Comparing these two groups for microbiota diversity, identity and coding capacity using next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approaches; (3) Comparing the reticulorumenmicrobiota metabolic activity parameters. We measured feed efficiency in 146 milking cows and analyzed the taxonomic composition, gene content, microbial activity and metabolomic composition of rumen microbiomes from the 78 most extreme animals. Lower richness of microbiome gene content and taxa was tightly linked to higher feed efficiency. Microbiome genes and species accurately predicted the animals' feed-efficiency phenotype. Specific enrichment of microbes and metabolic pathways in each of these microbiome groups resulted in increasing valuable metabolites and decreasing unusable ones such as methane in efficient animals. This ecological and mechanistic understanding of the rumen microbiome could lead to an increase in available food resources and environmentally friendly livestock agriculture.

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Drewnoski, Mary, Erin Richter, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Days on Feed and Dietary Sulfur Content Affect Rumen Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations in Feedlot Steers. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-442.

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Morine, Sara, Mary Drewnoski, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Determining the Influence of Dietary Roughage Concentration and Source on Rumen Parameters related to Sulfur Toxicity. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-883.

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