Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ruling implementation

Academic literature on the topic 'Ruling implementation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ruling implementation"

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Rizki A, Imron, Rizki Mustika Suhartono, and Safrin Salam. "Implementation of State Administrative Court Decisions: Conception, and Barriers." Musamus Law Review 3, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/mularev.v3i2.3449.

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This research aims to analyze how the effectiveness of the implementation of the ruling of the Administrative Court of the State and what are the factors that influence the effectiveness of the Court ruling The country. The research was carried out on the courts of The State of Makassar, data collection techniques are carried out by means of interviews and read scientific books, magazines, newspapers and other readings related to research. Results of the study showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of the ruling of the Court of The Country has not been effective, because so far there are still many Administrative Bodies and Officials of countries that are unwilling to comply with the ruling of the Court of The country, then plus the lack of participation of the parties to the dispute has led to a court could not ascertain whether a State Administrative Court ruling that has a magnitude of law has been implemented or not. As for the factors that influence the Court ruling The Country, among which is the absence of a special eksekutorial institution or institution of sanctions in carrying out the Court ruling The country, The official low awareness Countries in obeying the Court ruling The Country, the absence of more detailed provisions governing sanctions if the verdict is not implemented. Advice from the research is that, should the Government contains provisions governing the institutions eksekutorial institutions or special sanctions ruling of The judiciary of the State, so the State Administrative Court's verdict can be run and judicial administration can emerge again in the eyes of the community.
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Suparto, Suparto. "The Problematics Implementation of Law and Regulations Testing in Indonesia." Yuridika 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v37i1.28627.

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One of the results of the constitutional change, particularly during the 3rd amendment in 2001 is related to the arrangement of judicial powers exercised by two state institutions; the Supreme Court (MA) and the Constitutional Court (MK). Both as executors of judicial power are given different duties regarding the object of testing a statutory regulation. The Supreme Court is based on Article 24A Paragraph (1) of The Constitution of 1945 relating to the authority to test the legality of statutory regulations under the law against laws, while the Constitutional Court is given the authority to examine constitutionality of laws against the Constitution of 1945 based on Article 24C Paragraph (1) of the Constitution of 1945. Based on the research, it was found that the two state institutions, namely MA and MK, are both given authority in examining the legislation causing problems such as the following : (1). Potentially raises the insynchronity between the Supreme Court's ruling and the Constitutional Court's ruling. (2). The Supreme Court's decision is considered by the Constitutional Court in making the decision. (3). There is a temporary suspension of testing in the Supreme Court (MA). This can affect the institutional relationship between judicial institutions, the image and the authority of the court's rulings, can also cause legal uncertainty so that it will harm the interests of the justice-seeking community.
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Grover, K., M. Gatt, and J. MacFie. "The effect of the EWTD on surgical SpRs: a regional survey." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363508x260050.

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The implementation of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) has changed the way surgical training is delivered in the European Union. The Jaeger ruling by the European Court of Justice states that health service employers must guarantee an 11-hour rest period within any 24-hour time period, while the SiMAP ruling has enshrined the concept of all time spent at work being classified as working time. To comply with these rulings, as of August 2004 most NHS Trusts across the UK have implemented shift systems for junior doctors. Numerous factors influence an individual's ability to adapt to working shifts and this has major implications both for patients and for surgical trainees.
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Yartsev, R. V., and A. A. Akopyan. "SPECIAL RULING (COURT RULING) IN THE SYSTEM OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod, no. 1 (2022): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52452/19931778_2022_1_127.

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Ibenekwu, Ikpechukwu E., Anthony Iyoha Emhenya, and Ifeanyi E. Iwundu. "Post-Green Tree Agreement implementation and its implications for Nigeria-Cameroon diplomatic relations." IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2022/23/2/007.

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Nigeria and Cameroon inherited from their colonial masters land boundaries that were not clearly defined. Many peace talks and agreements aimed at resolving the contestations could not yield fruitful results. The persistence of the conflict for years strained the harmonious relations between the two countries, thus leading to skirmishes that cost lives and property. The adjudication and ruling by the International Court of Justice over the conflicting territory – Bakassi – in 2002 granting sovereignty to Cameroon was not well received by Nigeria. This paper, therefore, seeks to establish the extent of the diplomatic relationship between Nigeria and Cameroon years after the ICJ ruling on the one hand, and GTA on the other hand. To interrogate this, a two-dimensional theory of arbitration was adopted to delineate the pros and cons of the implementation of the ICJ ruling and GTA arbitration. The implications of the implementation of GTA on Nigeria-Cameroon relations are increased exchanges for the presidential visit from 46% before to54% after and increased diplomatic representations.
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Sarika, Cut Nabilla, Sunarmi Sunarmi, Dedi Harianto, and Rudy Haposan Siahaan. "Juridicial Analysis on The Implementation of Fiduciary Collateral Execution in The Post-The Constituonal Court’s Ruling No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019." Syiah Kuala Law Journal 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v5i3.23030.

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Fiduciary collateral as a type of collateral gives the rights of executorial to creditors to do parate execution on the object of fiduciary collateral when a debtor defaults. In practice, however, collateral misuses this right by seizing the collateral coercively and illegally. This becomes the basics for Judicial Review agains Article 15, paraghraphs 2 and 3 of Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Collateral on January 6, 2020, and the Constitutional Court issued the Ruling No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 which causes dispute in people. The research problems are whether the Constitutional Court’s Ruling is contrary to the collateral which gives easianess for the execution, how about the implementation of parate execution in the post – the Constituonal Court’s Ruling, and how about the legal consequence of debtor and creditor.The research use descriptive juridicial normative method. The data were gathered by conducting library research. The gathered data were analyzed qualitatively. The result of the analysis shows that Ruling does not impede the right of executing by creditors so that it is in accordance with the executorial right in fiduciary collateral, and creditors can still play their role in doing parate execution hen debitors default, on condition that debtors voluntarily hand in the fiduciary collateral. It may be difficult to do this in the foreclosure sale; therefore, it has to be certain in writing the clauses in the fiduciary contract. In this case, a Notary is required to add a clause about default in the contract and should refer to the Constituonal Court’s Ruling No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 as the legal ground in writing fiduciary collateral contract.
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Radwanowicz-Wanczewska, Joanna, and Nicola Fortunato. "Non-ruling forms of activity of public administration in administrative enforcement proceedings." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 26, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2021.26.05.14.

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Abstract The article contains an analysis of the issues related to the application of non-ruling forms of activity of public administration in the performance of public law obligations through administrative enforcement proceedings. In principle, as part of such proceedings, public law obligations, understood as orders or prohibitions within the area of administrative law and other branches of law applied by administrative authorities (tax law, financial law, labor law), are carried out. Non-ruling forms of activity play a major role in administrative enforcement proceedings. The implementation of an enforcement measure may be related to authorized entities taking not only ruling, but also non-ruling actions. In order to apply an enforcement measure (which constitutes an institutionalized form of administrative compulsion), an administrative authority, on occasion, has to take non-ruling activities. Considering, primarily, the significant severity of the compulsion measures that may be applied towards the party obliged under enforcement proceedings, this proceedings should be carried out with respect for the values of a democratic state and with due care for the good of an individual.
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Richardson, Lilliard E. "Medicaid Expansion during the Trump Presidency: The Role of Executive Waivers, State Ballot Measures, and Attorney General Lawsuits in Shaping Intergovernmental Relations." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 49, no. 3 (2019): 437–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjz016.

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Abstract This article assesses developments in the first two years of the Trump presidency regarding implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), with a focus on Medicaid policy. Trump administration officials relied on executive actions to chip away at various elements of the ACA and encouraged and granted state requests for waivers allowing work-requirements and other personal-responsibility rules for Medicaid beneficiaries. Governors and state attorneys general were actively involved in lawsuits that led to several federal court rulings blocking implementation of Medicaid work requirements as well as a ruling that re-opened the legitimacy of the entire ACA. Citizens and interest groups had a major impact at the ballot box by approving several ballot measures that expanded Medicaid in states where expansion was opposed by elected officials. These developments demonstrate how policy adjustments and disputes are worked out in the U.S. federal system in a polarized era, with Congress essentially a bystander and other institutions and actors coming to the fore and resulting in variable speed federalism characterized by different partisan trajectories of state implementation of national policies.
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Sasmito, Hasto. "Implementation Of Decisions And Obstacles Administrative Court - Implementation Obstacles." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3279.

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Indonesia is a country of law. The rule of law means in our country is the law that has significance especially in all aspects of community life. Everything implementation carried out by the state through its government should be appropriate and according to the channels that have been determined in advance by law. Judicial Administration is a special court, which was given the authority to resolve disputes that arise in the field of administration and personnel or disputes that occur between administration officials with a person or body of civil law as a result of the issuance or issuance of a decision. Act no. 5 of 1986 on State Administration aims to provide a container or a space for people and civil legal entity to file a lawsuit to the Administrative Court (PTUN) for the issuance of an administrative decision (KTUN), then his rights to feel disturbed or harmed but in practice administrative court ruling will not necessarily be implemented because of constraints exist that impede the implementation of the decision of the Administrative Court. Thus the presence of the administrative court as an institution that is expected to be a means of enforcement and legal protection in the field of administration can not be carried out effectively and still needed revision of the law.Keywords: State Administrative Court (PTUN).
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Arundhati, Gautama Budi. "Kemungkinan Penerapan Preliminary Ruling Procedure sebagai Media Constitutional Complaint di Mahkamah Konstitusi." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2018): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1446.

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Preliminary ruling procedure seperti yang diterapkan di Uni Eropa dapat menjadi metode alternatif dalam pelaksanaan constitutional complaint di Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagai hukum tertinggi di Indonesia dikawal oleh lembaga yang bernama Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, dan dalam preliminary ruling procedure untuk pemberlakuan constitutional complaint maka dibutuhkan Peran Pengadilan Negeri dimana melalui preliminary ruling procedure tersebut dapat melakukan constitutional question kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan berlanjut sampai dengan memutuskan perkara constitutional complaint tersebut atas nama Mahkamah Konstitusi, jadi secara tidak langsung Mahkamah Konstitusi memutuskan perkara melalui Pengadilan Negeri. Hal ini untuk menjamin konsistensi antara Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga peradilan yang berwenang mengawal konstitusi serta menjamin akan adanya kepastian hukum yang harus diterima oleh warga negara secara efektif. Sehingga konstitusi memiliki direct effect secara individual dalam kehidupan sehari-hari rakyat Indonesia.Preliminary ruling procedure as applied in the European Union can be an alternative method for the implementation of the constitutional complaint in Indonesia. Constitution of Republic of Indonesia of 1945 can be assumed as the highest law in Indonesia which been guarded by the institution called the Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia, the preliminary ruling procedure for the implementation of the constitutional complaint required the seminal role of the District Court which can exercise the constitutional question to the Constitutional Court and continues it into the judgement of the constitutional complaint on behalf of the Constitutional Court indirectly. This method is to ensure not only the consistency between the Constitutional Court as the guardian of the constitution but also to guarantee the legal certainty which can be accepted by citizens effectively. So the constitution has a direct effect on an individual basis in the daily life of the people of Indonesia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ruling implementation"

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Kleitz, Gilles. "Ruling by nature : analysing the implementation of nature conservation projects in rural areas." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399874.

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Pfumorodze, Jimcall. "WTO dispute settlement: challenges faced by developing countries in the implementation and enforcement of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) recommendations and rulings." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6761_1219309592.

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Aims of the research paper is to examine the legal framework 
of implemantation and enforcement of DSB recommendations and rulings and to investigate the trend of non-compliance with BSD recommendations and rulings where complianant 
 
is a developing country.

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Books on the topic "Ruling implementation"

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Anfert'ev, Ivan. Modernization of Soviet Russia in 1920-1930-ies: transformation programme of the RCP(b) — VKP(b) as instruments of struggle for power. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064904.

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The monograph is devoted to studying the process of implementation of modernization projects of the RCP(b) - VKP(b) 1920-1930-ies in the context of intra-party struggle for power. A lack of managerial experience in the leadership of the country, declared utopian ideas, the bureaucratization of the party-state apparatus and the commitment to radical ways of solving problems gave rise to political and socio-economic crises affect the results. Revealed the limits of the political life of leaders of the ruling party in the implementation of the political-administrative projects considered as a series of unjustified social and economic experiments, criticized the concept of the Soviet state as an apparatus of violence in the interests of the world proletarian revolution. Intended for specialists in the history of Soviet Russia of the twentieth century, University professors, and for anyone interested in Russian history.
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Panokin, Aleksandr. Verification of court decisions in criminal cases: history and modernity. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1836962.

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The paper analyzes the historical retrospective and a comparative study of the verification of court decisions in criminal cases. The author traces the emergence of the idea of checking court decisions and the first experiments of its implementation, the transition from the "court with a judge" to the "audit" procedure for monitoring court decisions, and then to the consideration of complaints against court decisions as a continuation of the dispute between the parties and the formation of methods and procedures for reviewing criminal cases, depending on the subject of appeal. The features of the Romano-German and English models of judicial review are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the Soviet system of verification of sentences, rulings and definitions as the basis of the socialist model of judicial review and its subsequent transformation in Russia in the post-Soviet period. The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, undergraduate, specialist, master's, postgraduate and doctoral students, as well as practicing lawyers.
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Kleitz, Gilles. Ruling by nature: Analysing the implementation of nature conservation projects in rural areas : a case study in Northern Zimbabwe. 2003.

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Zhou, Weihuan. China's Implementation of the Rulings of the World Trade Organization. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021.

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Zhou, Weihuan. China's Implementation of the Rulings of the World Trade Organization. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2019.

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Grimm, Dieter. The Significance of National Constitutions in a United Europe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805120.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the significance of national constitutions in a united Europe. It begins with an overview of the original aspirations of national constitutions in a united Europe, noting that those aspirations were a product of the origins of constitutionalism. It then considers the rise of supranational sovereign power, along with the distinction between the EU’s legal foundation and a constitution. It also examines how national constitutions provide a filter for primary European law and influence European legislation; the European Court of Justice’s ruling regarding the supremacy of European law over national law in terms of application; the reservations of national constitutional courts concerning the supremacy of European law; and the interrelationship between the national and European judiciaries. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the role of the national constitution in the implementation of EU law.
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Hall, Matthew E. K. Judicial Impact. Edited by Lee Epstein and Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.30.

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For decades, research on judicial impact has supported two seemingly contradictory propositions. Courts are persistently viewed as weak institutions that lack implementation tools and powerful political actors that influence numerous social outcomes. This schizophrenic state of the literature is propelled by ambiguity over the meaning of judicial impact. A narrow conceptualization of judicial impact as the causal effect of judicial rulings on others’ behavior offers conceptual clarity and analytical rigor. Studies in this vein often disagree about whose behavior to examine (judges, bureaucrats, or private actors), but there is considerable agreement regarding the factors that shape impact: opinion clarity, agency preferences, institutional context, and external pressure. Impact researchers should heed the admonishments of earlier scholars and strive to resolve the conceptual ambiguities that pervade the field.
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Hadzimesic, Lejla. Consequences of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence on Post-Conflict Society. Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.40.

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The widespread use of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the early 1990s resulted in landmark rulings from the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) identifying rape as a crime against humanity and a war crime. Despite this progress, this chapter documents multiple challenges that have undermined the implementation of effective reparations for these crimes. It begins with an overview of the conflict, the use of sexual violence, and BiH’s obligations under international human rights law, particularly the right to reparation. It reviews challenges facing the state in implementing a reparations program for sexual violence, including the peculiar governance structure created in the Dayton Agreement, the absence of a healing process, the treatment of returning internally displaced persons, and the conflation of social benefits and reparations programming. It closes with a critique of existing initiatives, including criminal prosecutions, the Strategy on Transitional Justice, and rehabilitation programs.
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Limited, CCH Canadian, ed. Bill C-28, Budget and Economic Statement Implementation Act, 2007 with explanatory notes : Canadian Tax Reports, special report no. 1863, extra edition ; Canada Income Tax Guide, special report no. 538, extra edition ; Canadian Income Tax Act, Regulations & Rulings, special report no. 376, extra edition ; Goods and Services Tax Reports, special report no. 230, extra edition. Don Mills, Ont: CCH Canadian Limited, 2007.

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Limited, CCH Canadian, ed. Bill C-52, Budget Implementation Act, 2007 re GST amendments and certain income tax amendments from 2007 federal budget with explanatory notes, June 13, 2007 : Canadian Tax Reports, special report no. 1839, extra edition ; Canada Income Tax Guide, special report no. 533 ; Canadian Income Tax Act, Regulations & Rulings, special report no. 371 ; Goods and Services Tax Reports, special report no. 224. Don Mills, Ont: CCH Canadian Limited, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ruling implementation"

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Sha, Dung Pam. "Political Economy of Public Policy." In Public Policy and Research in Africa, 159–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99724-3_7.

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AbstractThis chapter explains public policy making and implementation from a political economy perspective. It is argued that the making and implementation of public policy is enveloped in contestations and bargaining between interest groups with competing claims over rights and resources. The use and control of political power helps shape the direction and class character of public policy. The policy outcomes help to further reproduce the position of the ruling class in control of the state apparatus. This chapter examines the concepts of political economy and public policy, and discusses some of the variants of political economy and how each conceives of public policy making process and implementation. The chapter further discusses the role of political economy in problem-solving and finally, how political economy approaches evidence in public policy research.
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Tomuschat, Christian. "The Illusion of Perfect Justice." In Remedies against Immunity?, 55–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_3.

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AbstractThe judgment of the Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) of 22 October 2014 has set a bad precedent for international law by denying the implementation, within Italy, of the judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of 3 February 2012. The ICJ found that Italian courts and tribunals had violated German jurisdictional immunity by entertaining suits brought by Italian citizens against Germany on account of damages caused by war crimes committed during World War II by German occupation forces. According to a well-consolidated rule of general international law, no state may be sued before the courts of another state with regard to acts performed in the exercise of its sovereign power. In contravention of Article 94 of the UN Charter, the ItCC deemed it legitimate to discard that ruling because of the particularly grave character of many of the violations in question. It proceeded from the assumption that the right to a remedy established under the Italian Constitution was absolute and must apply even where the financial settlement of the consequences of armed conflict is at issue. However, it has failed to show the existence of any individual reparation claims and has omitted to assess the issue of war reparations owed by Germany in their broader complexity. The judgment of the ItCC might be used in the future as a pretext to ignore decisions of the World Court.
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Kunz, Raffaela. "Teaching the World Court Makes a Bad Case: Revisiting the Relationship Between Domestic Courts and the ICJ." In Remedies against Immunity?, 259–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_14.

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AbstractSentenza 238/2014 once more highlights the important role domestic courts play in international law. More than prior examples, it illustrates the ever more autonomous and self-confident stance of domestic courts on the international plane. But the ruling of the Italian Constitutional Court (ItCC) also shows that more engagement with international law does not necessarily mean that domestic courts enhance the effectiveness of international law and become ‘compliance partners’ of international courts. Sentenza 238/2014 suggests that domestic courts, in times of global governance and increased activity of international courts, see the role they play at the intersection of legal orders also as ‘gate-keepers’, ready to cushion the domestic impact of international law if deemed necessary. The judgment of the ItCC thus offers a new opportunity to examine the multifaceted and complex role of these important actors that apply and shape international law, while always remaining bound by domestic (constitutional) law. This chapter does so by exploring how domestic courts deal with rulings of the World Court. It shows that despite the fact that in numerous situations domestic courts could act as compliance partners of the International Court of Justice, in reality, more often than not, they have refused to do so, arguing that its judgments are not self-executing and thus deferring the implementation to the political branches. Assessing this practice, the chapter argues that domestic courts should take a more active stance and overcome the purely interstate view that seems at odds with present-day international law. While it seems too far-reaching to expect domestic courts to follow international courts unconditionally, the chapter cautions that there is a considerable risk of setting dangerous precedents by openly defying international judgments. Domestic courts should carefully balance the different interests at stake, namely an effective system of international adjudication on the one hand and the protection of fundamental domestic principles on the other hand. The chapter finds that the ItCC’s attempt to reintroduce clear boundaries between legal orders lacks the openness and flexibility needed to effectively cope with today’s complex and plural legal reality.
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Rumyantseva, Nataliya L., and Olena I. Logvynenko. "Ukraine: Higher Education Reforms and Dynamics of the Institutional Landscape." In Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education, 407–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52980-6_16.

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AbstractThe chapter explores the developmental trajectory of Ukraine’s higher education system since the middle ages. Starting with just a few comprehensive universities in the western parts at first and later Eastern parts of the country, the system gradually evolved into a diverse and differentiated institutional landscape. The variety and scope of HEIs reflects the internal logic of the system’s own development as well as outside factors, including changes of the ruling governments, fluctuations in the demographic trends, shifts in political alliances and cultural and language oscillations, which have been characteristic of the Ukrainian history. The authors elaborate on several policy rationales that came to underpin some of the changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union as well as policy discussions and policy silences (lack of dialog amongst various stakeholders) that have taken a lot of energy and yet have not lead to any noticeable changes in the institutional scene. The chapter also discusses the most recent changes in the legislation and practical implementations leaving space for future research to draw conclusions as to their effectiveness.
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Hustwit, William P. "An Imperfect Revolution: Enforcing Alexander." In Integration Now, 143–62. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648552.003.0008.

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The seventh chapter explores the implementation of the Alexander ruling in Holmes County and across the South. The chapter mainly analyses the legal work of Jackson’s NAACP LDF office. There is also an assessment of the overall effect of school desegregation, especially in Mississippi.
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Degifie, Zelalem. "Party-Political Financing, Democracy, and Constitutionalism in Ethiopia." In Democracy, Elections, and Constitutionalism in Africa, 293–328. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894779.003.0012.

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Political party funding stands central to the process of democratization, because it affects whether the political playing field is level allowing for electoral competition. However, it can also threaten democracy if party funding regimes allow parties to be captured by private interests or a ruling party abuses its position as the incumbent government to gain access to resources. Adequately regulation is thus required. This chapter examines the interplay of party financing regulation, democracy, and constitutionalism in Ethiopia. Based on the normative framework of political finance in the democratic process, the study finds that badly designed and weakly enforced rules are the main challenges for political finance regulation in Ethiopia to provide a level playing field. The legislative framework and its implementation favours the ruling party, thereby causing a wide discrepancy in financial capacity between the ruling party and opposition parties. Furthermore, political parties are not transparent in their financial matters, as the law requires because the National Electoral Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) is reluctant to enforce the rules requiring such. Finally, the chapter recommends political finance reforms in order to level the political playing field and ensure transparency with regard to the funding of political parties. In this regard, diversified sources of income that combine regulated private donations with regular public funding should be introduced. Finally, the chapter suggests restrictions on the size of financial contributions and also imposing spending ceilings. A reformed legal framework would require, however, that the NEBE enforce it in a rigorously and non-discriminatory manner.
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Hale, Jon, and Clerc Cooper. "Lowcountry, High Demands: The Struggle for Quality Education in Charleston, South Carolina." In Deferred Dreams, Defiant Struggles, 154–74. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786940339.003.0009.

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Chapter documents the strategies employed by local governing officials to resist the implementation of a racially desegregated public school system in Charleston Country, South Carolina in the wake of the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling. It discusses the role of student-led activism in maintaining the momentum of the desegregationist movement, as well as recounts the often traumatic experiences of black children who were among the first to attended desegregated schools in Charleston County. The chapter also considers later battles for education reform in South Carolina and, as such, highlights the ongoing struggle to realise the promises of quality education throughout the state.
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Rutherford, Bruce K. "Economic Restructuring and the Rise of Market Liberalism." In Egypt after Mubarak. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158044.003.0005.

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This chapter observes that the implementation of market-oriented economic policies since 1991 has strengthened the political influence of the business community. By June 2000, the government had sold a controlling interest in roughly one-third of the enterprises that it owned, with a sale value of about 12.3 billion LE. Egypt's most powerful businessmen have used this opportunity to articulate a distinctive conception of market liberalism through the publications of a prominent think tank, the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies. The chapter documents and analyzes this view of the state, law, and the economy. It also notes that this approach to market liberalism has been adopted by the ruling National Democratic Party and implemented by the reformist prime minister who assumed power in 2004 (Ahmad Nazif).
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Sered, Susan. "Uninsured in America." In Unequal Coverage. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479897001.003.0007.

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Susan Sered, author of the seminal work Uninsured in America: Life and Death in the Land of Opportunity (2005), returned to the same communities to learn how the people she originally interviewed were faring after the implementation of the ACA. Not a single person she interviewed had remained in the same coverage status for more than a few years at a time. Even with insurance, health care was hardly affordable for many. Most important, geographically driven health disparities had been exacerbated by the 2012 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, leaving large numbers of people to fall into the “coverage gap.” The existence of these gaps, together with the inconsistent nature of coverage and the absence of a human rights ethos, created barriers and resentment, with many people feeling that other categories of people received greater benefits.
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Song, Yann-huei. "Taiwan’s South China Sea Policy under the Tsai Administration." In Security, Strategy, and Military Dynamics in South China Sea, 79–100. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529213454.003.0005.

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This chapter assesses the development and content of Taiwan's South China Sea (SCS) policy under the Tsai administration since May 2016, when Tsai Ing-wen was inaugurated as the 14th Republic of China (ROC) president. It emphasizes how the policy decision-making process and the implementation of Taiwan's SCS policy have been influenced by the US government's concerns and interests. It mentions Taiwan's support for the US-led Indo-Pacific strategic alliances and partnerships and Washington's efforts to develop a multilateral joint patrolling force in the SCS. The chapter details how the Tsai administration avoids mentioning the “U-shaped line” and historic right claims in the SCS as a partial recognition of the ruling made by the Arbitral Tribunal in the arbitration case. It covers cross-Strait dialogue on the SCS issue, which has become much more difficult, if not completely suspended.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ruling implementation"

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Samanta, Kuntal, and Bahattin Koc. "Ruled Layer Generation Between Two Freeform Curves by Normal and Distance Matching." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99582.

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A new curve matching method is proposed to generate non-self-intersecting and non-twisted ruled layers for application in diverse fields such as layered manufacturing, offsetting and multi-axis CNC machining. The method establishes point-to-point correspondence represented by a set of ruling lines between two directrices of the ruled surface. The directrices are given as non-self-intersecting, closed, at least C1 continuous, planar, B-spline curves. To match the points on the directrices, a heuristic optimization method developed with the objective is to maximize the sum of the inner products of the unit normals at the end points of the ruling lines and minimize the sum of the lengths of connecting ruling lines. The generated ruling lines can be used as cutter location data for multi-axis NC machining of ruled surfaces. Moreover, by subdividing the ruling lines into equal number of segments, one can construct a series of intermediate piecewise linear curves that represent the metamorphosis between the directrices. Implementation and examples are also presented.
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Samanta, Kuntal, and Bahattin Koc. "Optimum Curve Matching Between Two Free-Form Curves for Modeling and Manufacturing." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35697.

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A new curve matching method is proposed to generate non-self-intersecting and non-twisted ruled surfaces for application in diverse fields such as heterogeneous object modeling, layered manufacturing, offsetting and multi-axis NC machining. The method establishes point-to-point correspondence represented by a set of ruling lines between two directrices of the ruled surface. The directrices are given as non-self-intersecting, closed, at least C1 continuous, planar, B-spline curves. To match the points on the directrices, a heuristic optimization method developed with the objective is to maximize the sum of the inner products of the unit normals at the end points of the ruling lines and minimize the sum of the lengths of connecting ruling lines. The generated ruling lines can be used as cutter location data for multi-axis NC machining of ruled surfaces. Moreover, by subdividing the ruling lines into equal number of segments, one can construct a series of intermediate piecewise linear curves that represent the metamorphosis between the directrices. Implementation and examples are also presented.
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3

Lapčević, Milivoje. "KONCEPTUALNE OSNOVE PROGRAMSKOG BUDžETIRANjA U JAVNOM SEKTORU." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.1069l.

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In this paper we will point out the growing importance that the theory and practice of public budgeting attaches to one of the most popular forms of racionalization of modern budget systems - program budgeting. In the theoretical part, the work will be focused on the need to sustainably determine the concept of program budgeting, which is not an easy task in the absence of unique objections to the implementation of this budget-technical solution. Also, it will be stated on the basic elements of the shift that produced the system of program budgeting in relation to, even more sovereignly ruling, the concept of incrementalistic traditional budgeting. The experience of the United States (at the level of the Department of Defense and the federal level) in the implementation of PPBS will be illustrated as such an initiative of this public sector budget planning mechanism.
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Reinbacher, Thomas, Andreas Steininger, Tobias Mu¨ller, Martin Horauer, Jo¨rg Brauer, and Stefan Kowalewski. "Hardware Support for Efficient Testing of Embedded Software." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47139.

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Verification of software for embedded systems is crucial for ensuring a product’s integrity. Formal approaches like static analysis and model checking are gaining momentum in this context. To make an exhaustive examination of the system’s state space tractable in practice, these methods perform an abstraction and over-approximation of the possible behavior. As a side-effect, however, this leads to “false negatives” -property violations that exist only in the model and not on the real system. Ruling out such spurious property violations by manual valuation is a tedious and error-prone process. This paper reports on the concepts and design of a hardware unit to support the identification of false negatives. Our approach has several advantages: (i) It works on microcontroller binary code, thus avoiding the need for availability of high-level source code, and covering compiler bugs as well, (ii) Moving the verification directly to the target platform rules out modeling errors. (iii) The cases suspected to lead to spurious property violations can serve as very efficient test cases for a specific implementation later on. We illustrate principle and benefits of the proposed approach by a worked example.
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Straub, Craig A., and Allan M. Hale. "The Post-Rapanos Predicament: An Application of the Jurisdictional Determination Form." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64276.

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On June 5, 2007, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issued joint guidance (herein the Rapanos Guidance) interpreting the U.S. Supreme Court’s divided Rapanos v. United States decision on the geographic extent of regulatory jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The technical document, “Jurisdictional Determination Form Instructional Guidebook” uses ambiguous language regarding implementation of the guidance manual. Pursuant to the Rapanos guidance, traditionally navigable waters (TNW), relatively permanent tributaries to these waters, and wetlands directly abutting such tributaries are “categorically” jurisdictional, while non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent, wetlands adjacent to such tributaries, and wetlands that are adjacent to but do not directly abut a relatively permanent non-navigable tributary, are jurisdictional only if they have a “significant nexus” to a TNW. A critical issue for permit applications is whether the proposed activity will be subject to a categorical assertion of regulatory jurisdiction, or to a more involved “significant nexus analysis.” The scientific and environmental analyses of permit applications encountering a significant nexus analysis is designed to undergo additional review by the EPA. At the present time, the Guidance is deficient in providing definitive instruction for determining whether a significant nexus is present between a non-navigable tributary with non-permanent flow and a TNW. Our project allowed implementation of the Guidance and involved the installation of 264 miles of pipeline and permit negotiation with three separate Corps districts. Assessment of 483 streams and 189 wetlands was performed using the newly developed Jurisdictional Determination Forms. An interdisciplinary team approach was developed by integrating the knowledge bases of geographers and ecologists. Databases and maps were developed to allow collective assessment of potential waters of the U.S. within the context of the Rapanos ruling. Because of the Guidance’s ambiguity, it was necessary to develop a defensible approach with detailed concepts and terms to adequately implement the Jurisdictional Determination process to the satisfaction of regulators responsible for the implementation of the jurisdictional determination guidance manual.
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Reports on the topic "Ruling implementation"

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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.

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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.
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