Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rule modelling

Academic literature on the topic 'Rule modelling'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rule modelling"

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G, Manju. "Rule-based Cognitive Modelling for Multimodal Intelligent Tutoring Systems." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 1754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200275.

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Bellet, Thomas, Agnès Arnould, and Pascale Le Gall. "Rule-based transformations for geometric modelling." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 48 (February 11, 2011): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.48.5.

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Harmer, Russ. "Rule-based Modelling and Tunable Resolution." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 9 (November 15, 2009): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.9.8.

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Zhu, Z. Y., M. S. Johnson, H. Wako, R. Sowdhamini, N. Srinivasan, K. Guruprasad, Z. Sun, et al. "Rule-based approaches to comparative modelling." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (August 21, 1993): c149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378095756.

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Bie, Zujie, Qi Han, Chao Liu, Junjian Huang, Lepeng Song, and Yangjun Pei. "Chaotic Behavior of One-Dimensional Cellular Automata Rule 24." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304297.

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Wolfram divided the 256 elementary cellular automata rules informally into four classes using dynamical concepts like periodicity, stability, and chaos. Rule 24, which is Bernoulliστ-shift rule and is member of Wolfram’s class II, is said to be simple as periodic before. Therefore, it is worthwhile studying dynamical behaviors of four rules, whether they possess chaotic attractors or not. In this paper, the complex dynamical behaviors of rule 24 of one-dimensional cellular automata are investigated from the viewpoint of symbolic dynamics. We find that rule 24 is chaotic in the sense of both Li-Yorke and Devaney on its attractor. Furthermore, we prove that four rules of global equivalenceε52of cellular automata are topologically conjugate. Then, we use diagrams to explain the attractor of rule 24, where characteristic function is used to describe the fact that all points fall into Bernoulli-shift map after two iterations under rule 24.
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Ciancarini, Paolo. "An overview of declarative process modelling using logic programming." Knowledge Engineering Review 11, no. 4 (December 1996): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900008006.

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AbstractSoftware process modelling is the activity of formalising the production lifecycle of large software systems. Its aim is to formally describe a software development process, which is then effectively used and possibly enacted by an environment able to support the geographically distributed and coordinated activities involved in the process itself. I show that rule-based languages, especially logic programming languages, are an important technology for the specification, modelling, enactment and coordination of software processes. This is because most routine activities in any development process can be defined by rules. Some initial proposals aimed at simply simulating the software process by a Prolog-like program embedding some development rules. A further step toward the integration of rule-based languages in the software process has been taken using a dynamic knowledge base as project database, and a number of special primitives have been introduced to support process programs. Currently there is a trend toward more complex programming environments, called process-centred development environments. I show how some rule-based coordination language have been used to build an environment of this kind.
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CHAKRABORTY, CHANDAN, and DEBJANI CHAKRABORTY. "FUZZY LINEAR AND POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION MODELLING OF ‘IF-THEN’ FUZZY RULEBASE." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 16, no. 02 (April 2008): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488508005145.

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In developing so called fuzzy expert systems, fuzzy rule bases have been considered with greater importance. In fact, a fuzzy rule base is a knowledgebase that models human cognitive factors. Fuzzy rules are linguistic ‘IF-THEN’ constructions where ‘IF’ part consists of a set of fuzzy variables and ‘THEN’ part includes a dependent fuzzy variable. In order to identify the underlying mathematical structure in the fuzzy rule base, we develop fuzzy linear and fuzzy polynomial regression techniques in this paper. And the estimation of model parameters is also shown using least-square approach. Finally, examples are illustrated to demonstrate the proposed model.
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Hämarik, Uno, and Reimo Palm. "ON RULES FOR STOPPING THE CONJUGATE GRADIENT TYPE METHODS IN ILL‐POSED PROBLEMS." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2007.12.61-70.

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We consider stopping rules in conjugate gradient type iteration methods for solving linear ill‐posed problems with noisy data. The noise level may be known exactly or approximately or be unknown. We propose several new stopping rules, mostly for the case of unknown noise level. Numerical comparison with known rules (discrepancy principle, montone error rule, L‐curve rule, Hanke‐Raus rule) shows that the new rules are competitive.
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Kácsor, Enikő. "Modelling Bidding Behaviour on German Photovoltaic Auctions." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020516.

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In this article renewable energy support allocation through different types of auctions are assessed. The applied methodological framework is auction theory, based on the rules governing the German photovoltaic (PV) Feed-in Premium (FIP) auctions. The work focuses on bidding strategies based on an extended levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) methodology, comparing two different set of rules: uniform price and pay-as-bid. When calculating the optimal bids an iteration is developed to find the Nash-equilibrium optimal bidding strategy. When searching for the bid function, not only strictly monotone functions, but also monotone functions are considered, extending the framework typically applied in auction theory modelling. The results suggest that the PV support allocation in the German auction system would be more cost efficient using the uniform pricing rule, since many participants bid above their true valuation in the pay-as-bid auction Nash-equilibrium. Thus from a cost minimising perspective, the application of uniform pricing rule would be a better policy decision.
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Rush, Jamie. "MODELLING STATE-CONTINGENT FISCAL RULES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM." National Institute Economic Review 254 (November 2020): R41—R53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.40.

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I assess a novel rule that was introduced in the UK in 2015. It gave the British government fiscal flexibility whenever GDP growth warranted it. This rule lasted just a year, but it had features worth exploring. I apply solution methods for models with occasionally-binding constraints to assess the demand stabilisation properties of state-contingent fiscal rules. First it is shown that fiscal flexibility can make recessions shallower. Second, it is suggested that GDP growth, rather than measures of the output gap, is a better indicator for triggering fiscal flexibility.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rule modelling"

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Honorato-Zimmer, Ricardo. "On a thermodynamic approach to biomolecular interaction networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28904.

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We explore the direct and inverse problem of thermodynamics in the context of rule-based modelling. The direct problem can be concisely stated as obtaining a set of rewriting rules and their rates from the description of the energy landscape such that their asymptotic behaviour when t → ∞ coincide. To tackle this problem, we describe an energy function as a finite set of connected patterns P and an energy cost function e which associates real values to each of these energy patterns. We use a finite set of reversible graph rewriting rules G to define the qualitative dynamics by showing which transformations are possible. Given G and P, we construct a finite set of rules Gp which i) has the same qualitative transition system as G and ii) when equipped with rates according to e, defines a continuous-time Markov chain that has detailed balance with respect to the invariant probability distribution determined by the energy function. The construction relies on a technique for rule refinement described in earlier work and allows us to represent thermodynamically consistent models of biochemical interaction networks in a concise manner. The inverse problem, on the other hand, is to i) check whether a rule-based model has an energy function that describes its asymptotic behaviour and if so ii) obtain the energy function from the graph rewriting rules and their rates. Although this problem is known to be undecidable in the general case, we find two suitable subsets of Kappa, our rule-based modelling framework of choice, were this question can be answer positively and the form of their energy functions described analytically.
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McIntosh, Brian S. "Rule-based modelling of vegetation dynamics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12619.

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The corpus of available vegetation knowledge is characterised by its fragmented form and by the way in which relationships between different ecological quantities tend to be expressed non-quantitatively. Much of the corpus is only held informally and composed of deterministic factual or conditional statements. Despite its form, this thesis demonstrates that available ecological knowledge can be usefully employed for predictive modelling of vegetation dynamics under different conditions. The thesis concentrates on modelling Mediterranean vegetation dynamics. Using a mixture of concepts and techniques from deterministic state transition and functional attributes modelling. Qualitative Reasoning and knowledge-based systems, three ontological distinct modelling systems are developed to demonstrate the utility of available knowledge for modelling vegetation dynamics. All three systems use declarative, rule-based approaches based on first-order logic and are composed of a set of representational constructs along with a separate system for reasoning with these constructs to make predictions. A method for reasoning about change in non-quantitative model variables is developed based upon time and direction of change. This ‘temporal reasoning system’ provides a solution to the state variable problem and may offer a general way of modelling with non-quantitative knowledge. To illustrate, a different model of Mediterranean vegetation dynamics is developed and run under different conditions for each system. The capabilities and possible problems of each system in terms of ecological validity, knowledge representation and reasoning are discussed. The general utility of rule-based approaches to modelling vegetation dynamics are also discussed along with the implications of the modelling systems developed for the activities of decision-support and ecological theory development.
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Arabikhan, Farzad. "Telecommuting choice modelling using fuzzy rule based networks." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/telecommuting-choice-modelling-using-fuzzy-rule-based-networks(b088b779-8daa-441e-b0a0-7c9641e1f08b).html.

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Telecommuting as an approach in transportation demand management has made the news a lot in recent years. Technology has enabled this growing trend, and more and more companies and families are taking advantages of it. Adopting telecommuting is a multidimensional decision making process that involves different aspects of life such as family, work and many more. Modelling telecommuting enables employers and employees to understand the main factors that influence on decision making about adopting telecommuting. The role of subjective knowledge and linguistic variables cannot be ignored in human decision making process and Fuzzy Logic has proved to be a powerful tool for knowledge-based decision-making systems. Telecommuting as a multifaceted decision involves more on subjective knowledge rather that accurate numbers. Thus, fuzzy logic is applied for modelling telecommuting. Moreover, the complex internal decision making process for adopting telecommuting reveals the role of various factors at different levels that influence on the outcome of the decision. Therefore, Fuzzy Rule Based Network, as a novel approach in modelling complex systems, is utilised. Using Fuzzy Network as a transparent approach, enables to understand the role of external inputs, intermediate variables and their interaction in modelling telecommuting. According to choice theory and in order to find the maximum utilities of alternatives in telecommuting, the Fuzzy Network is tuned and optimised in terms of rules and membership function using Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy c-mean clustering method. In addition, to reduce the size of Fuzzy Network, an input and branch selection method is proposed. Linguistic composition of the nodes in Fuzzy Network is also performed by an efficient method to reduce computational costs. Results highlight the most important external and intermediate variables as well as decision rules in describing the suitability of telecommuting. Also, a Multinomial Logit model, as benchmark model, is developed to compare models performances which shows the superiority of the proposed method in transparency, efficiency and interpretability criteria. The main contributions of this research can be highlighted in modelling the suitability of telecommuting using Fuzzy Rule Based Network, developing fuzzy utility model using Fuzzy Rule Based Network, tuning Fuzzy Rule Based Network using Genetic Algorithm, input and branch selection for Fuzzy Rule Based Network and finally proposing an efficient method for linguistic composition of Rule Based Network.
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Bhanthumnavin, Kanyarat. "Macroeconomic modelling and monetary policy rule optimization for Thailand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416531.

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Livesey, Gillian Elizabeth. "Advancing egress complexity in support of rule-based evacuation modelling." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288821.

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Wijesekera, Dhammika Harindra, and n/a. "A form based meta-schema for information and knowledge elicitation." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060904.123024.

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Knowledge is considered important for the survival and growth of an enterprise. Currently knowledge is stored in various places including the bottom drawers of employees. The human being is considered to be the most important knowledge provider. Over the years knowledge based systems (KBS) have been developed to capture and nurture the knowledge of domain experts. However, such systems were considered to be separate and different from the traditional information systems development. Many KBS development projects have failed. The main causes for such failures have been recognised as the difficulties associated with the process of knowledge elicitation, in particular the techniques and methods employed. On the other hand, the main emphasis of information systems development has been in the areas of data and information capture relating to transaction based systems. For knowledge to be effectively captured and nurtured it is necessary for knowledge to be part of the information systems development activity. This thesis reports on a process of investigation and analysis conducted into the areas of information, knowledge and the overlapping areas. This research advocates a hybrid approach, where knowledge and information capture to be considered as one in a unified environment. A meta-schema design based on Formal Object Role Modelling (FORM), independent of implementation details, is introduced for this purpose. This is considered to be a key contribution of this research activity. Both information and knowledge is expected to be captured through this approach. Meta data types are provided for the capture of business rules and they form part of the knowledge base of an organisation. The integration of knowledge with data and information is also described. XML is recognised by many as the preferred data interchange language and it is investigated for the purpose of rule interchange. This approach is expected to enable organisations to interchange business rules and their meta-data, in addition to data and their schema. During interchange rules can be interpreted and applied by receiving systems, thus providing a basis for intelligent behaviour. With the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet the modelling of an enterprise as a series of business processes has gained prominence. Enterprises are moving towards integration, establishing well-described business processes within and across enterprises, to include their customers and suppliers. The purpose is to derive a common set of objectives and benefit from potential economic efficiencies. The suggested meta-schema design can be used in the early phases of requirements elicitation to specify, communicate, comprehend and refine various artefacts. This is expected to encourage domain experts and knowledge analysts work towards describing each business process and their interactions. Existing business processes can be documented and business efficiencies can be achieved through a process of refinement. The meta-schema design allows for a ?systems view? and sharing of such views, thus enabling domain experts to focus on their area of specialisation whilst having an understanding of other business areas and their facts. The design also allows for synchronisation of mental models of experts and the knowledge analyst. This has been a major issue with KBS development and one of the main reasons for the failure of such projects. The intention of this research is to provide a facility to overcome this issue. The natural language based FORM encourages verbalisation of the domain, hence increasing the understanding and comprehension of available business facts.
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Wilson-Kanamori, John Roger. "Defining complex rule-based models in space and over time." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11687.

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Computational biology seeks to understand complex spatio-temporal phenomena across multiple levels of structural and functional organisation. However, questions raised in this context are difficult to answer without modelling methodologies that are intuitive and approachable for non-expert users. Stochastic rule-based modelling languages such as Kappa have been the focus of recent attention in developing complex biological models that are nevertheless concise, comprehensible, and easily extensible. We look at further developing Kappa, in terms of how we might define complex models in both the spatial and the temporal axes. In defining complex models in space, we address the assumption that the reaction mixture of a Kappa model is homogeneous and well-mixed. We propose evolutions of the current iteration of Spatial Kappa to streamline the process of defining spatial structures for different modelling purposes. We also verify the existing implementation against established results in diffusion and narrow escape, thus laying the foundations for querying a wider range of spatial systems with greater confidence in the accuracy of the results. In defining complex models over time, we draw attention to how non-modelling specialists might define, verify, and analyse rules throughout a rigorous model development process. We propose structured visual methodologies for developing and maintaining knowledge base data structures, incorporating the information needed to construct a Kappa rule-based model. We further extend these methodologies to deal with biological systems defined by the activity of synthetic genetic parts, with the hope of providing tractable operations that allow multiple users to contribute to their development over time according to their area of expertise. Throughout the thesis we pursue the aim of bridging the divide between information sources such as literature and bioinformatics databases and the abstracting decisions inherent in a model. We consider methodologies for automating the construction of spatial models, providing traceable links from source to model element, and updating a model via an iterative and collaborative development process. By providing frameworks for modellers from multiple domains of expertise to work with the language, we reduce the entry barrier and open the field to further questions and new research.
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Costa, Jutglar Gonçal. "Integration of building product data with BIM modelling: a semantic-based product catalogue and rule checking system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/450865.

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En la indústria AEC (Arquitectura, Enginyeria, Construcció), és cada vegada més necessari automatitzar l’intercanvi d'informació en els processos en els quals intervé la tecnologia BIM (Building Information Modelling). Els experts que participen en aquests processos (arquitectes, enginyers, constructors, etc.) utilitzen diferents tipus d’aplicacions per dur a terme tasques específiques d’acord al seu àmbit de coneixement i la seva responsabilitat. Tot i que cada una d’aquestes aplicacions, separadament, compleix la seva funció, la interoperabilitat entre elles segueix sent un problema a resoldre. En aquests processos es requereix, a més, accedir a dades de fonts diverses i diferents formats, per integrar-los i fer-los accessibles a les aplicacions BIM. En aquesta tesi s’investiguen les dificultats subjacents en aquests dos problemes –la interoperabilitat entre aplicacions i la integració d’informació de múltiple fonts i formats en el context dels processos basats en tecnologies BIM– i es proposen solucions per superar-les. En primer lloc s’han examinat les ineficiències que actualment existeixen en l’intercanvi d’informació entre sistemes i aplicacions utilitzats en projectes AEC que empren la tecnologia BIM. Un cop identificades, es planteja la seva superació a través de l’aplicació de tecnologies de la Web Semàntica. Per a això, s’analitza la capacitat d’aquestes tecnologies per a integrar dades heterogènies de diferents fonts i àmbits mitjançant ontologies. Finalment, es considera la seva aplicació en el desenvolupament de projectes AEC. A partir d’aquest estudi previ, s’ha pogut concloure que les solucions per millorar la interoperabilitat entre BIM i altres aplicacions a partir de les tecnologies semàntiques estan lluny de proporcionar una solució definitiva al problema de la interoperabilitat. Per tal de proposar solucions basades en la Web Semàntica per a la integració de dades en processos en què intervenen les tecnologies BIM, s’ha acotat la investigació a un cas d’estudi: la creació d’un catàleg de components prefabricats de formigó amb tecnologies de la Web Semàntica i compatible amb la tecnologia BIM. En el context d’aquest cas d’estudi s’han desenvolupat mètodes i eines per a: 1) integrar dades de components i productes constructius en un catàleg amb contingut semàntic accessible a aplicacions BIM, i 2) aplicar regles d’inferència semàntica per examinar els components inclosos en un model BIM i proporcionar productes compatibles extrets del catàleg. La viabilitat dels mètodes i eines s’ha demostrat en un cas d’aplicació: pre-dimensionat d’elements constructius que compleixen les normatives de seguretat estructural i recerca automatitzada de components alternatius en el catàleg. Tot i demostrar el benefici potencial de les tecnologies de la Web Semàntica per millorar els processos BIM integrant dades externes, encara hi ha alguns reptes a superar, entre ells, l’escassetat de dades en format RDF i la dificultat en mantenir els enllaços entre dades quan aquests canvien. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta investigació podrien continuar desenvolupant-se en dues direccions: 1) ampliant el catàleg a nous productes i incorporant noves fonts de dades relacionades amb els mateixos i 2) creant eines que facilitin la creació i el manteniment de regles d’inferència.
En la industria AEC (Arquitectura, Ingeniería, Construcción), es cada vez más necesario automatizar el intercambio de información en los procesos en los que interviene la tecnología BIM (Building Information Modelling). Los expertos que participan en estos procesos (arquitectos, ingenieros, constructores, etc.) utilizan diferentes tipos de aplicaciones para llevar a cabo tareas específicas de acuerdo a su ámbito de conocimiento y su responsabilidad. Aunque cada una de estas aplicaciones, separadamente, cumple su función, la interoperabilidad entre ellas sigue siendo un problema a resolver. En estos procesos se requiere acceder a datos de fuentes diversas y distintos formatos, para integrarlos y hacerlos accesibles a las aplicaciones BIM. En esta tesis se investigan las dificultades que subyacen en estos dos ámbitos –la interoperabilidad entre aplicaciones y la integración de información de múltiple fuentes y formatos en el contexto de los procesos basados en tecnologías BIM– y se proponen soluciones para superarlas. En primer lugar, se han examinado las ineficiencias que actualmente existen en el intercambio de información entre sistemas y aplicaciones utilizados en proyectos AEC que emplean la tecnología BIM. Una vez identificadas, se plantea su superación a través de la aplicación de tecnologías de la Web Semántica. Para ello, se analiza la capacidad de estas tecnologías para integrar datos heterogéneos de diferentes fuentes y ámbitos mediante ontologías. Finalmente, se considera su aplicación en el desarrollo de proyectos AEC. A partir de este estudio previo, se ha podido concluir que las soluciones para mejorar la interoperabilidad entre BIM y otras aplicaciones a partir de las tecnologías semánticas están lejos de proporcionar una solución definitiva al problema de la interoperabilidad. Con el fin de proponer soluciones basadas en la Web Semántica para la integración de datos en procesos en los que intervienen las tecnologías BIM, se ha acotado la investigación a un caso de estudio: la creación de un catálogo de componentes prefabricados de hormigón con tecnologías de la Web Semántica y compatible con la tecnología BIM. En el contexto de este caso de estudio se han desarrollado métodos y herramientas para: 1) integrar datos de componentes y productos constructivos en un catálogo con contenido semántico accesible a aplicaciones BIM, y 2) aplicar reglas de inferencia semántica para examinar los componentes incluidos en un modelo BIM y proporcionar productos compatibles extraídos del catálogo. La viabilidad de los métodos y herramientas se ha demostrado en un caso de aplicación: pre-dimensionado de elementos constructivos que cumplen las normativas de seguridad estructural y búsqueda automatizada de componentes alternativos en el catálogo. A pesar de demostrar el beneficio potencial de las tecnologías de la Web Semántica para mejorar los procesos BIM integrando datos externos, todavía hay algunos retos a superar, entre ellos, la escasez de datos en formato RDF y la dificultad en mantener los enlaces entre datos cuando estos cambian. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación podrían continuar desarrollándose en dos direcciones: 1) ampliando el catálogo a nuevos productos e incorporando nuevas fuentes de datos relacionadas con los mismos y 2) creando herramientas que faciliten la creación y el mantenimiento de reglas de inferencia.
In the AEC industry (Architecture, Engineering, Construction), it is increasingly necessary to automate the exchange of information in processes involving BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology. The experts involved in these processes (architects, engineers, builders, etc.) use different types of applications to carry out specific tasks according to their scope of knowledge and their responsibility. Although each of these applications separately fulfils its function, interoperability between them remains a problem to be solved. In these processes it is also necessary to access data from different sources and different formats to integrate them and make them accessible to BIM applications. This research investigates the difficulties that underlie these two problems – interoperability between applications and the integration of information in the context of processes based on BIM technologies – and propose solutions to overcome them. In the first place, the inefficiencies that currently exist in the exchange of information between systems and applications used in AEC projects using BIM technology have been examined. Once identified, our objective has been to overcome them through the application of Semantic Web technologies. To do this, the ability of these technologies to integrate heterogeneous data from different sources and domains using ontologies is analysed. Finally, we considered their application in the development of AEC projects. From this previous study, it has been concluded that developed solutions to improve interoperability between BIM and other applications using semantic technologies are still far from providing a definitive solution to the problem of interoperability. In order to propose solutions based on the Semantic Web for the integration of data in processes involving BIM technologies, the research has been limited to a case study: the creation of a catalogue of precast concrete components with semantic technologies which are compatible with BIM technology. In the context of this case study, we have developed methods and tools to (1) integrate data on components and constructive products in a catalogue with semantic content compatible with BIM technology, and (2) apply the rules of semantic inference to examine the components used on a BIM model and provide compatible products extracted from the catalogue. The feasibility of the methods and tools has been demonstrated in an application case: pre-dimensioned structural elements that comply with structural safety regulations and the automated search of alternative components in the catalogue. Despite demonstrating the potential of Semantic Web technologies to improve BIM processes by integrating external data, there are still some challenges to overcome, including the shortage of data in RDF format and the difficulty in the maintenance of the links between the data when they change. The results obtained in this research could continue to be developed in two directions (1) expanding the catalogue to new products and integrating new data sources related to them and (2) creating tools that facilitate the creation and maintenance of inference rules.
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Amdal, Ingunn. "Learning pronunciation variation : A data-driven approach to rule-based lecxicon adaptation for automatic speech recognition." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1560.

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To achieve a robust system the variation seen for different speaking styles must be handled. An investigation of standard automatic speech recognition techniques for different speaking styles showed that lexical modelling using general-purpose variants gave small improvements, but the errors differed compared with using only one canonical pronunciation per word. Modelling the variation using the acoustic models (using context dependency and/or speaker dependent adaptation) gave a significant improvement, but the resulting performance for non-native and spontaneous speech was still far from read speech.

In this dissertation a complete data-driven approach to rule-based lexicon adaptation is presented, where the effect of the acoustic models is incorporated in the rule pruning metric. Reference and alternative transcriptions were aligned by dynamic programming, but with a data-driven method to derive the phone-to-phone substitution costs. The costs were based on the statistical co-occurrence of phones, association strength. Rules for pronunciation variation were derived from this alignment. The rules were pruned using a new metric based on acoustic log likelihood. Well trained acoustic models are capable of modelling much of the variation seen, and using the acoustic log likelihood to assess the pronunciation rules prevents the lexical modelling from adding variation already accounted for as shown for direct pronunciation variation modelling.

For the non-native task data-driven pronunciation modelling by learning pronunciation rules gave a significant performance gain. Acoustic log likelihood rule pruning performed better than rule probability pruning.

For spontaneous dictation the pronunciation variation experiments did not improve the performance. The answer to how to better model the variation for spontaneous speech seems to lie neither in the acoustical nor the lexical modelling. The main differences between read and spontaneous speech are the grammar used and disfluencies like restarts and long pauses. The language model may thus be the best starting point for more research to achieve better performance for this speaking style.

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Júnior, Valdemar Lacerda. "Aplicações de técnicas de RMN à determinação estrutural de intermediários sintéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-02102001-115811/.

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A conhecida regra do acoplamento em W, que estabelece que núcleos na conformação em W planar exibem valores significativos de constantes de acoplamento através de quatro ligações, tem sido uma ferramenta útil para a determinação estrutural desde o início do uso da RMN para essa finalidade. Muitas configurações e conformações foram decididas com base nessa regra. A contínua evolução do equipamento de RMN, porém, resulta em modificações na qualidade e no número dos dados experimentais obtidos, obrigando os químicos a freqüentes revisões de seus pontos de vista sobre a importância relativa dos dados que podem ser obtidos dos espectros de RMN. O equipamento mais recente tem uma resolução maior e várias características adicionais que obscurecem um pouco os conceitos mais antigos: por um lado, o alto valor informativo de algumas técnicas modernas tais como NOE DIFF e outros métodos multi-dimensionais reduzem a importância das constantes de acoplamento; por outro lado, agora é possível determinar um número muito maior de constantes de acoplamento, devido principalmente à maior resolução. Uma conseqüência natural é que o químico agora pode explorar o uso de desdobramentos sutis em análise conformacional. Como parte de nosso trabalho de pesquisa na síntese de produtos naturais, preparamos há algum tempo um número apreciável de derivados de ciclopentanos. Nossa atenção foi fortemente atraída para certas constantes de acoplamento a longa distância (4JHH) que ocorriam em alguns destes compostos, já que uma conformação W planar não parece ser possível em ciclopentanos. Decidimos então iniciar um estudo mais detalhado dos espectros de RMN desses compostos, com vistas a uma interpretação mais clara dos dados. Inicialmente fizemos as atribuições para todos os hidrogênios, incluindo a estéreo-química de cada um, e medimos todos os valores de J para os compostos; para tanto fizemos extenso uso dos espectros de RMN tanto de 1H (300 MHz)como de 13C (75 MHz), medidas de efeito NOE, etc. Os ângulos entre as ligações e os ângulos diedros (de torção) foram calculados com programas de modelagem molecular; vários programas e métodos diferentes foram usados, para aumentar a confiabilidade. O primeiro resultado obtido é a confirmação de que 4JHH 'diferente' 0 pode ocorrer mesmo em casos em que uma conformação W planar não é possível. Mais importante, porém, é a conclusão de que há uma relação entre os valores de 4JHH e os ângulos diedros envolvidos. O acoplamento entre H1 e H2 ocorre através das quatro ligações 'sigma' definidas pelo caminho H1-C1-C2-C3-H2 e envolve dois ângulos diedros 'teta'1 e 'teta'2. Os valores de 4JHH foram plotados contra (cos2'teta'1 x cos2'teta'2) (uma simples extensão da equação de Karplus); os pontos resultantes não se alinham com perfeição sobre uma curva contínua, mas mostram clara tendência de aumento do valor de 4JHH conforme os ângulos 'teta'1 e 'teta'2 se afastam de 90º e se aproximam de 180º.
The well known W rule, which establishes that nuclei in a planar W arrangement exhibit significant four bond coupling constants, has been a useful tool in molecular structure determination since early times of the use of nmr spectra for this purpose. Many configurations and conformations have been decided based on this rule. The continuous evolution of the nmr equipment, however, produces modifications in quality and number of available experimental data, thus forcing the chemists to frequent revisions of their points of view about the relative importance of the data that can be obtained from nmr spectra. The more recent equipment has a higher resolution and several additional features that throw some shadow over early concepts: on one hand, the high power of modern techniques such as NOE DIFF and other multi-dimensional methods reduce the importance of coupling constants; on the other hand, it is now possible to determine many more coupling constants, due mainly to the higher resolution. A natural consequence is that the chemist can now exploit the use of subtle splittings in conformational analysis. As part of our research work on the synthesis of natural products, we have prepared a number of cyclopentane derivatives. Our attention was strongly attracted to the long-range (4JHH) coupling constants that occurred in some of these compounds, as no planar W conformation seems to be possible in cyclopentanes. We have thus decided to start a more detailed study of the nmr spectra of these compounds, seeking for more clear interpretation of the data. We have first assigned all hydrogens, including the stereochemistry of each hydrogen, and measured all J values for the compounds; for this task we have used nmr spectra both of 1H (300 MHz) and 13C (75 MHz), NOE measurements, etc. Bond angles and dihedral (torsion) angles were calculated with molecular modeling programs; several different programs and methods were used to improve reliability. The first result obtained is a confirmation that a 4JHH 'different' 0 occurs even in cases where a planar W conformation is not possible. More important, however, is the conclusion that there is a correlation between the 4JHH values and the involved dihedral angles. There are two dihedral angles in the path through the bonds between two hydrogens which show 4JHH coupling. When 4JHH values are plotted against(cos2'teta'1 x cos2'teta'2) (a simple extension of Karplus equation) the points are not aligned over a continuous curve, but they show a clear tendency: 4JHH values become higher as the angles 'teta'1 and 'teta'2 vary from 90 to 180º.
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Books on the topic "Rule modelling"

1

Chan, C. P. A comparison of rule modelling languages. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Berry, R. H. Rule induction for data modelling and model interpretation. Norwich: School of Information Systems, University of East Anglia, 1991.

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Malanowski, Stanisław. Modelling phase equilibria: Thermodynamic background and practical tools. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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Marinelli, Vincenzo. Ermeneutica giudiziaria: Modelli e fondamenti. Milano: Giuffrè Editore, 1996.

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Youdeowei, A. P. Capturing and modelling business rules in temporal information systems. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Casti, J. L. Reality rules: Picturing the world in mathematics. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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Bratko, Aleksandr. Artificial intelligence, legal system and state functions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064996.

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The monograph deals with methodological problems of embedding artificial intelligence in the legal system taking into account the laws of society. Describes the properties of the rule of law as a Microsystem in subsystems of law and methods of its fixation in the system of law and logic of legal norms. Is proposed and substantiated the idea of creating specifically for artificial intelligence, separate and distinct, unambiguous normative system, parallel to the principal branches of law is built on the logic of the four-membered structure of legal norms. Briefly discusses some of the theory of law as an instrument of methodology of modelling of the legal system and its semantic codes in order to function properly an artificial intelligence. The ways of application of artificial intelligence in the functioning of the state. For students and teachers and all those interested in issues of artificial intelligence from the point of view of law.
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Hagoort, M. J. The neighbourhood rules: Land-use interactions, urban dynamics and cellular automata modelling. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap ; International Geographical Union Section The Netherlands, 2005.

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Hagoort, M. J. The neighbourhood rules: Land-use interactions, urban dynamics and cellular automata modelling. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, 2006.

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Eastman, Sheila Jane. Modelling the family to make economics relevant to family law: The players and the rules of the game. Toronto: Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rule modelling"

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Angelov, Plamen P. "Modelling Indoor Climate Control Systems." In Evolving Rule-Based Models, 115–67. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1794-2_8.

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Angelov, Plamen P. "On-Line Modelling of Fermentation Processes." In Evolving Rule-Based Models, 169–79. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1794-2_9.

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Pühl, Stefan, and Peter-Wolfgang Gräber. "Rule-based Spatial Query and Production as Part of the WHPA Simulation." In Process Modelling, 545–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60120-0_37.

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Kiendl, H., M. Krabs, and M. Fritsch. "Rule-Based Modelling of Dynamical Systems." In Analysis and Control of Industrial Processes, 217–31. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-88847-1_18.

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Danos, Vincent, Jérôme Feret, Walter Fontana, Russ Harmer, and Jean Krivine. "Rule-Based Modelling and Model Perturbation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 116–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04186-0_6.

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Lawry, Jonathan, Dawei Han, and Ian D. Cluckie. "Fuzzy Rule Generation in Hydrological Modelling." In Soft Methodology and Random Information Systems, 741–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44465-7_92.

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Wang, Wei. "A Business Rule Modelling Decision Framework." In Integrating Business Process Models and Rules, 73–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11809-9_7.

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Schlesinger, Markus, and Georg Lörincze. "Rule modelling and simulation in ALFRED." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 83–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63516-5_19.

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Roß, F., and U. Döring. "A fuzzy-PID-concept with minimal rule set." In System Modelling and Optimization, 279–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34897-1_32.

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Wang, Wei, Sheng Zong, Jian Yu, and Sira Yongchareon. "Modelling Web Service Personalization with Rule Nets." In Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2013 Workshops, 228–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54370-8_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rule modelling"

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Shquier, Mohammed M. Abu, Mohammed M. Al Nabhan, and Tengku Mohammed Sembok. "Adopting New Rules in Rule-Based Machine Translation." In 2010 12th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2010.20.

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"ECA RULE ONTOLOGY - Modelling Prescriptive Rules as Descriptive Ontology." In 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001277904080415.

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Chan, Lin Wah, Rene Hexel, and Lian Wen. "Rule-Based Behaviour Engineering: Integrated, Intuitive Formal Rule Modelling." In 2013 22nd Australian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aswec.2013.13.

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Somarakis, C. E., and G. P. Papavassilopoulos. "A Dynamic Rule In Cellular Automata." In 22nd Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2008-0164.

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Shahbaz, M., A. Ali, M. M. Awais, and S. A. Masood. "Dependency Analysis in Coal based Power Plants using Fuzzy Rule System." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.697-101.

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Nakashima, Tomoharu, and Ashish Ghosh. "Classification Confidence Of Fuzzy Rule-Based Classifiers." In 25th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2011-0466-0471.

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Yarahmadi, Ali, Nazanin Moarefi, and Saeed Setayeshi. "Implementing Cellular Automata with Dissimilar Rule on Serial Base." In 2010 European Modelling Symposium (EMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ems.2010.61.

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Lotzmann, Ulf, and Ruth Meyer. "DRAMS – A Declarative Rule-Based Agent Modelling System." In 25th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2011-0077-0083.

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Chen, Qiming. "A rule-based object/task modelling approach." In the 1986 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/16894.16882.

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"RULE BASED MODELLING OF IMAGES SEMANTIC CONCEPTS." In 2nd International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002715505400543.

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Reports on the topic "Rule modelling"

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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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