Academic literature on the topic 'Ruins; International'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ruins; International"

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Frenda, Antonino, and Marco Valle. "Urban Conservation in International Charters: From the Athens Charter to the Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 11 (June 30, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2593.

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The Interreg CE project “RUINS. Sustainable re-use, preservation and modern management of historical ruins in Central Europe - elaboration of integrated model and guidelines based on the synthesis of the best European experiences” has implemented cultural development strategies through knowledges exchange developed within a local and regional context and suitable to be applied at a wider European level. The project has applied an empowering bottom-up approach, in which local and regional stakeholders have been actively engaged throughout the project’s running time. Cooperation of 6 countries with various traditions and experiences resulted in the development of universal models that could be applied for management, use and protection of medieval ruins all over Europe, providing European added value. The comprehensive management plans elaborated, help owners and managers of historical ruins to exploit economic potential of this heritage in economic development of regions, and to preserve value of medieval ruins as cultural heritage. Due to the transnational character, the project has contributed to create a common European identity, strengthen cooperation between international, national and local stakeholders both vertically and horizontally, and promote exchanges between boundaries. The paper aims to present the results and the experience gained during RUINS project implementation by LINKS Foundation (project partner), focusing on the inclusive and shared approaches carried out. A summary of goals and recommendations achieved within the discussion panels/seminars arranged by LINKS Foundation as well as objectives and structure of the Output O.T2.1 “BEST PRACTICES HANDBOOK - Transnational model form of socially useful use of medieval ruins" will be provide.
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Kohlbry, Paul. "Titling in the Ruins." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 43, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-10892799.

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Abstract Palestinian Authority (PA) land titling began in 2005 as a means of creating property and sovereignty. Titling projects are extending government control over Palestinians, but they cannot secure their lands from Israeli state and private power. This article is an ethnography of Palestinian land titling, focusing on the specific problems that fraudulent land transfers to Israeli settlers create for such property-making efforts. It argues that for Palestinian administrators and surveyors, the certainty of Israeli colonization reduces progress to a challenge of speed and gives rise to short-term fixes that defer insoluble legal and political problems. The result is a form of nonsovereign property that encourages land markets now and offers the possibility of securing land rights later. The disjuncture between the future that land titling promises and the present it creates is entrenching private ownership in the West Bank and, as land speculation threatens to erode Palestinian control over territory, inciting debate about its limits. Land titling is creating a new political temporality in the ruins of state-building, one that illuminates how legacies of colonial law and contemporary practices of land speculation shape loss, hope, and contestation in Palestine and across the global South.
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Rudin, Paige. "Haitian Sun and Peruvian Ruins: Service-Learning in International Development." Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement 4, no. 1 (October 2017): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316531.

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Zhou, Bo. "Study on the international tourism development path of Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102007.

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The successful application of the Liangzhu Ancient City Site as a World Heritage Site indicates that five thousand years of Chinese civilization has been widely recognized internationally. In the post-world heritage era, Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park should take the development of tourism as an important way to protect and inherit Liangzhu culture. On this basis, this article explores the path for the international tourism development of Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park, mainly discussing the path from the aspects of creating Liangzhu cultural IP, Internationalization of tourism marketing, Internationalization of tourism service, Internationalization of tourism products, Internationalization of heritage protection. The specific path of the international tourism development provides ideas for protecting the world cultural heritage of Liangzhu Ancient City Ruins Park and increasing world visibility and influences.
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Woodworth, Max. "Ruins, Ruination, and Fieldwork Photography." China Perspectives, no. 2021/4 (December 1, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.12750.

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Brunello, Yuri. "Ruins past: modernity in Italy." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 22, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571x.2017.1286108.

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Reinsch, Richard M. "Love and Marriage Among the Ruins." Perspectives on Political Science 40, no. 3 (July 2011): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10457097.2011.585939.

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Soare, Sorina. "Hit by Populism: Democracy in Ruins?" Southeastern Europe 38, no. 1 (April 10, 2014): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-03801002.

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Populist parties’ dazzling success has been registered in numerous new and old Member states for a while; populism has occupied a crucial position in Romanian politics since the onset of post-communism, with constant emphasis on the iconic role of the people in the democracy, the role of the leader in public statements and in the party’s organisation, the promotion of Manichean and simplistic solutions to the political/economic agenda, as well as the constant use of direct and emotional appeals, etc. Within this framework, the research question is: can Romanian populism be understood as a “temporary” problem of adjustment and adaptation, or is it a deeper structural effect, which requires further attention, considering its potential threats to the stability of the post-communist regime? Considering populism as a multi-faceted phenomenon that cannot be traced to a unique structure or a single/specific agency, the conclusions suggest the existence of an osmotic relationship between deep-rooted populism and democracy in Romania, in the sense that it is difficult to clearly identify which is the cause of the other. As such, the Romanian specificity stems from the constancy of this phenomenon and, above all, from its potential for contamination: populist cries become national mainstream catchwords.
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Steinmetz, George. "Peter Beilharz and modernity in ruins." Thesis Eleven 179, no. 1 (December 2023): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07255136231216785.

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Holmes, Stephen, and Ira Katznelson. "Liberalism in the Ruins: Having It All." Foreign Affairs 75, no. 5 (1996): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047748.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ruins; International"

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Hom, Andrew. "Reckoning ruin : international relations theorising and the problem of time." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/47e312ff-fa0a-422f-9b0f-51eb6bdb3122.

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This thesis concerns the relationship between IR theory and time. More specifically, I scrutinise simultaneous and seemingly contradictory visions of Western Standard time, or clock time, and the problem of Time, understood as time’s natural propensity for bringing dissolution, discord, and death to human experience. I develop two primary wagers about these phenomena, and work through their implications to show how this ostensible contradiction results from tensions intrinsic to developing IR theories and recapitulates a venerable way of appraising time. The first wager is that all ‘time’ utterances result from symbolic representations of efforts to time various changes. In particular, a discursive emphasis on the problem of Time suggests that the timing activity being referred to is faltering or failing. The second wager is that narrative is a sort of timing activity integral to both retrospective understanding and lived experience. Narrative propounds a timing standard by which people orient themselves and act in the world, but is also itself the product of timing operations resulting in a temporal vision. After elaborating these wagers, I use them to examine the process of developing IR theories. First, I explicate IR as a narrative vocation by scrutinising disciplinary reactions to surprising change. Second, I address IR methodologies and find that various ways of reasoning use narratives to reduce time’s flow. Third, I unpack the narrative and temporal aspects of a variety of IR explanatory forms and show how each reconfigures the pitiable effects of time. Finally, I discuss how quantitative IR relies on narrative timing techniques to preserve symbolic connections to eternity in the face of temporal phenomena. These moves contextualise IR as a thoroughly narrative timing project whose viability hinges on its ability to placate, manage, or tame the problem of Time, which holds striking implications for IR as a social science.
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Caliskan, Ahmet. "International financial crises, term structure of foreign debt and monetary policy in open economies." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3756.

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In this dissertation, I study international financial crises. For this purpose, I build two models. In the first model, I focus on financial crises in developing, large open economies where foreign debt with various maturities and issue dates is available. The objective is to measure the vulnerability of the domestic financial system to domestically triggered bank runs and externally triggered sudden stops. The main contribution of this model is that both types of crises are treated as rational responses of domestic depositors and international creditors. Such vulnerability measures are linked to fundamentals and equilibrium term structure of foreign debt. Banks’ vulnerability to runs increases if they hold a relatively shorter term debt. Also, a larger cost of liquidating the long-term investment before maturity makes the banks more fragile. In the next step, given a domestic banking crisis, I allow international creditors to decide whether they want to stop lending to domestic banks (in which case a “sudden stop” takes place) or not. A sudden stop is more likely if (i) creditors highly discount future consumption, (ii) creditors’ current income is small relative to their future income, and (iii) the cost of liquidating the long-term investment before maturity is small. In the second model, I investigate the merits of alternative monetary policies with respect to financial fragility. In this monetary model of an explicit financial system, I motivate the demand for two fiat currencies by spatial separation and limited communication of agents. There is a domestic and a foreign currency freely traded without restrictions. I analyze the policy of a constant growth rate of domestic money supply with a floating exchange rate regime. Both currencies are held in positive amounts at the steady-state only if the growth rate of domestic money supply is equal to the world inflation rate (WIR). If the former rate is larger than the WIR, domestic currency is not held at the steady-state. Also, total real money balances held is negatively related with WIR. Finally, monetary policy in the form of a constant growth rate of domestic money supply is neutral with respect to welfare.
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Baumann, Brittany A. "Essays on international finance and trade policy." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15059.

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This dissertation covers both policy-oriented and theory-based topics in International Economics. The first two chapters cover financial policy related to the capital account, while the third chapter covers tariff policy related to the current account. The first chapter examines the theoretical value of capital controls in reducing the probability of bank runs. I develop a global game model with information-based bank runs and strategic complementarities within and between foreign and domestic creditors. My analysis appears to be the first to model the interconnectedness of foreign and domestic creditor behavior. The framework pins down the probability of a bank run and shows that a capital control can lower the probability of a domestic bank run and of capital flight. I also find that a control on outflows is relatively more effective than a control on inflows. Finally, I test the model's implications using the abnormal returns of Brazilian and South Korean bank stock prices as a proxy for the probability of bank runs. The second chapter analyzes the policy actions of Brazil and Chile between 2009 and the third quarter of 2011, when Brazil deployed capital account regulations and Chile intervened in its currency markets. I examine the effectiveness of each of these actions and the extent to which the actions of Brazil caused capital flow spillovers in the Chilean market. Consistent with the peer-reviewed literature on the subject, I find that capital account regulations had small but significant effects on the shifting the composition of capital inflows toward longer-term investment, on the level and volatility of the exchange rate, on asset prices, and on the ability of Brazil to have independence in monetary policy. Brazil's regulations did also temporarily cause an increase in capital flows into Chile. Chile's interventions did not have a lasting impact on the Chilean exchange rate or on asset prices beyond the initial announcements of the policies. In Brazil's case we thus conclude that Brazil's regulations helped the nation 'lean against the wind,' but were not enough to tame the 'tsunami' of post-crisis capital flows. The third chapter uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model calibrated to late nineteenth century parameters to show that protectionism alleviated the skilled wage gap. Had the U.S. chosen free trade instead of protective tariffs, wage inequality generally would have been higher in the post-bellum era. The imposition of high tariffs after the Civil War may have dampened what some economic historians believe to have been a long-term upward trend in inequality--the rising portion of the American-Kuznets' curve.
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Books on the topic "Ruins; International"

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Robert Grenville, and Chris McNab, ed. Abandoned; Ruins, Wrecks, and Moments of a Forgotten Past. London: Amber Books, 2017.

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Yao, Ruizhong. The space that remains: Yao Jui-Chung's ruins series : a collateral event of the 14th International Architecture Exhibition of Venice Biennale. Taipei: TKG Foundation for Arts and Culture, 2014.

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Krenz, Gene. A river runs north: Managing an international river. [Minnesota?]: Red River Water Resources Council, 1993.

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Walravens, Éric. Dumping fiscal: Enquête sur un chantage qui ruine nos États. Paris: Petits matins-Institut Veblen pour les réformes économiques, 2014.

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Tous ruinés dans dix ans?: Dette publique, la dernière chance. [Paris]: Fayard, 2010.

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Garber, Peter M. Bank runs in open economies and the international transmission of panics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1988.

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Société des Amis de Port-Royal (France), ed. Ruine et survie de Port-Royal (1679-1713): Actes du colloque international. Paris: Bibliothèque Mazarine, 2012.

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Novosad, Paul. Who runs the international system?: Power and the staffing of the United Nations Secretariat. Boston]: Harvard Business School, 2014.

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Stepanov, D. I︠U︡. Rusʹ, Malai︠a︡ Rusʹ, Ukraina: Ėtnicheskoe i religioznoe v soznanii naselenii︠a︡ ukrainskikh zemelʹ ėpokhi ruiny. Sankt-Peterburg: Aleteĭi︠a︡, 2020.

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Nakamaru, Kaoru. Sekai wa naze hametsu e mukau no ka: "kokusai jōsei no yami" hayawakari 30 no pointo = Our world on the road to ruin : exposing 30 images of the underworld evil. Tōkyō: Bungeisha, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ruins; International"

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Yang, Jiexin. "User Experience Centered AR Interface Design to Ruins Museums." In HCI International 2024 Posters, 238–47. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61966-3_27.

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Bergmann, Eirikur. "Rising from the Ruins — A Fragile Economic Recovery." In Iceland and the International Financial Crisis, 155–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137332004_9.

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Wang, Da. "The Poetic Expression of “Urban Ruins” in Paintings." In Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Science Education and Art Appreciation (SEAA 2022), 1069–75. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-05-3_128.

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Liargovas, Panagiotis, and Christos Papageorgiou. "From the Ruins of World War II to the Dawn of a New Europe (1945–1950)." In Springer Texts in Political Science and International Relations, 33–49. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47776-8_3.

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Bowers, Nicole. "Creating Magical Research: Writing for a Felt Reality in a More-Than-Human World." In Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment, 73–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79622-8_5.

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AbstractWe work in the ruins of a world that has produced those ruins (Sauvé, 2017; Tsing in The mushroom at the end of the world: On the possibility of life in capitalist ruins. Princeton University Press, 2015), this time often referred to as the Anthropocene, science educators and researchers have been called to break with post-positivism, dualisms, and reductionism to settle on new onto-epistemological grounds (Bazzul and Kayumova,.Educational Philosophy and Theory 48:284–299, 2016; Haraway, D. (2016). Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene. Duke University Press.; Lather & St. Pierre in International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 26:629–633, 2013). One promising proposition lies in ontologies of process and epistemologies that expand to encompass affect with new combinations of knowing/experiencing/researching that honor the more-than-human world we need to navigate (Manning, E. (2013). Always more than one: Individuation’s dance. Duke University Press.; Muraca,.Environmental Values 20:375–396, 2011). In this chapter, I will introduce artful writing as inquiry in science education and explain the elements of magical realism that may contribute to works that reverberate with the-more-than-human world of the Anthropocene (Faris, W. (2004). Ordinary enchantments. Vanderbilt University Press.; Manning, E. (2016). The minor gesture. Duke University Press.; (Richardson & St. Pierre in The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Sage, 2005).
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Wu, Wenting, Shuming Jin, and Sijia Wu. "The Study on the Construction of Cultural Gene Information Chain and Inheritance Pathways for the Ruins of Longshan Lock on the Grand Canal." In Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Urban Planning and Design (UPD 2024), 200–216. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-453-2_17.

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Song, Qing-feng, and Kai Shi. "Uncertain Investment Models for an Insurer with Ruin Constraint." In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 977–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38433-2_103.

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Paulson, Albert S., and R. Dixit. "Some General Approaches to Computing Total Loss Distributions and the Probability of Ruin." In Huebner International Series on Risk, Insurance, and Economic Security, 151–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2506-9_5.

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Abramov, Andrei, Mikhail Semenov, and Alexander Gerber. "Trends in the Development of Snow Cleaning Equipment on the Runs and Station Tracks of Railroads." In International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum TransSiberia - 2021, 613–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96383-5_68.

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Preciado, Eduardo. "Conditions Required for the Elimination of Trial Runs During the Balancing of Flexible Rotors." In Proceedings of the 9th IFToMM International Conference on Rotor Dynamics, 51–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06590-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ruins; International"

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Pancorbo, Luis. "Detroit Living Amid Ruins." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.43.

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Public spaces and monuments act as the material representatives of historic memory of traditional cities. There is an international consensus to value, catalog and preservation of these spaces and buildings, both for their heritage, as well as their cultural and historic value. In contrast, certain American urban agglomerations, like Detroit, which has a clear industrial origin, the historic memory of the city is materialized not in its public spaces, which it lacks, but in its productive spaces. Instead of a relatively more normative risk of terrorist attacks to public spaces, these productive spaces risk abandonment, and progressive deterioration. They suffer this fate due to the lack of awareness, both by citizens and institutions, to their importance as carriers of the foundational DNA of these societies. This is leading to their disappearance in the not too distant future.
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Schlesinger, Richard. "EFFECTIVENESS OF SOFT WALL CAPPING IN CONSERVING RUINS." In DARCH 2021- 1st International Conference on Architecture & Design. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46529/darch.202104.

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Schlesinger, Richard. "EFFECTIVENESS OF SOFT WALL CAPPING IN CONSERVING RUINS." In DARCH 2021- 1st International Conference on Architecture & Design. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46529/darch.202123.

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Mahmood, Anum, and Iqra Ayyaz. "WALLED CITY OF SATGHARA; LIFE IN THE RUINS." In DARCH 2022- 2nd International Conference on Architecture & Design. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46529/darch.202205.

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Ling Chen, Thomas Ostertag, Marc Loschonsky, and Leonhard M. Reindl. "Measurement of mobile radio propagation channel in ruins." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcins.2010.5541724.

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Ugolini, Andrea, and Chiara Mariotti. "The defence of fortified ruins on the Italian coast." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1778.

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Suganuma, Yuya, Masashi Oda, Kanta Nakayama, Sosuke Nishikawa, Shotaro Hata, Ken Paul, Suzuaki Wada, and Norihiko Kawai. "Integrated System of Augmented and Virtual Reality for Ruins Tourism." In 2023 Nicograph International (NicoInt). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nicoint59725.2023.00025.

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Zhou, Sai-Qiong, Kun Liao, Jiao He, and Er-Ping Li. "Investigation of the attenuation characteristics of radio signal in ruins." In 2015 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee-iws.2015.7164543.

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Wang, Po-Hsun, Ya-Long Xing, and Jia-Yin He. "Study of ruins of St. Paul shopping district image planning." In 2016 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasi.2016.7539866.

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Zhang, Zhen, Liling Peng, and Cao Xu. "A new bionic assisted driving mechanism of ruins rescue robot." In 2011 International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2011.6025765.

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Reports on the topic "Ruins; International"

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Garber, Peter, and Vittorio Grilli. Bank Runs in Open Economies and The International Transmission of Panics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2764.

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Cazenave, Pablo, and Ming Gao. PR-328-163733-R02 Qualification of Acoustic Resonance Technology ILI Runs Made at PRCI's TDC. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011011.

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The Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) engaged Blade Energy Partners, Ltd. (Blade) to conduct an evaluation of inspection data from a new In Line Inspection technology (Acoustic Resonance Technology - ART) by HalfWave obtained from testing on the 16 and 24 inch pipeline strings at the PRCI TDC by the members of the closed consortium project JSUB-3. A series of pull-through tests were performed in water and air environments and the resulting data was analyzed, aligned, compared and evaluated by Blade.
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Unknown, Author. WINMOP-R03 Performance of Offshore Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011744.

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The objective of the project was to validate existing pipeline integrity prediction models through field testing multiple pipelines, validate the performance of in-line instrumentation through smart pig runs, and finally, to assess the actual integrity of aging damaged and defective pipelines. The objectives were accomplished by the testing of aging out-of-service lines using "smart pigs", followed by hydrotesting of the lines to failure, recovery of the failed sections, and determination of the pipeline characteristics in the vicinity of the failed sections (failure analysis). One objective of the project was to validate the dented, gouged, and corroded pipeline burst strength prediction models currently in existence, such as ASME B31-G, R-Streng, and DNV 99 for pipelines. Another model was being developed as a joint international project sponsored by the U. S. Minerals Management Service, Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (IMP) titled RAM PIPE REQUAL and an associated JIP identified as PIMPIS (Pipeline Inspection, Maintenance, and Performance Information System), this would be tested and validated as well. The validation was provided by hydrotesting in-situ pipelines to failure. Sustained and rapidly applied hydro-pressures were used to investigate the effects of delayed and dynamic pressure related failures. After testing, the pipelines were scheduled for decommissioning; with the failed sections located, and brought to the laboratory for testing and analysis. Class A predictions were made before the pipelines were hydrotested to failure based on results from in-line instrumentation (instrumented) and from knowledge of the pipeline products and other characteristics (not instrumented). Based on the results from the testing, the analytical models were to be revised to provide improved agreement between the measured and predicted burst pressures. Since the pipelines were inspected with smart pigs before the hydro-tests, it was possible to compare the smart-pig data gathered during pig runs to the actual condition of the pipeline. This was accomplished by recovering sections of the pipeline that were identified by the pig as having pits or metal-loss areas. Reviewed pipeline decommissioning inventory and selected a pipeline candidate. The specific scope of work included: � Selected pipelines for testing. � Conducted field tests with an instrumented pig to determine pipeline denting, gouging and corrosion conditions. � Used existing analytical models to determine burst strength for both instrumented and non-instrumented pipelines. � Hydrotested the selected pipelines to failure (sustained and rapidly applied pressures). � Located and retrieve failed sections and other sections identified as problem spots by the "smart-pig." � Compared "smart pig" data to actual pipeline condition. � Analyzed the failed sections to determine their physical and material characteristics. � Revised the analytical models to provide improved agreements between predicted and measured burst pressures.
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