Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ruggieri'

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the current debate on corporate human rights accountability from an African perspective by critically analysing the ‘Ruggie Framework’. Questions whether it affords effective protection and remedies against corporate human rights violations occurring in Africa.<br>A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof J Oloka Onyango, Faculty of Law, Makerere University. Uganda.<br>LLM Dissertation (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa -- University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>http://www.chr.up.ac.za/<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>LLM

Ripassando la storia della comunicazione culturale tra Europa e Cina, possiamo generalmente dire che i missionari europei, in particolare i gesuiti, hanno servito come ambasciatori culturali e linguistici in Cina dal XV secolo. I missionari gesuiti hanno compiuto grandi sforzi e generosi contributi alla loro missione evangelica; durante questo processo, avrebbero superato molti ostacoli che avrebbero incontrato. In primo luogo, hanno risolto il problema del permesso di ingresso facendo la conoscenza di funzionari cinesi e, infine, hanno ottenuto la residenza in Cina. In secondo luogo, hanno accorciato gli enormi gap tra lingue e culture diverse attraverso traduzioni e dizionari. Dopo alcuni tentativi preliminari, i sacerdoti hanno deciso di adottare la politica di acculturazione e predicare il cristianesimo in cinese. Sebbene fosse stato un processo di apprendimento-insegnamento impegnativo, sono riusciti a sviluppare una serie di metodi di studio efficaci e poi li hanno applicati a compilare dizionari bilingue (portoghese-cinese, latino-cinese, francese-cinese e così via) . Questi metodi e pratiche hanno parzialmente influenzato la perfezione della ricerca sul cinese moderno nella formazione del sisterma fonetica, nella costruzione di parole e nella categorizzazione lessicale. I dizionari missionari hanno svolto un ruolo significativo durante la missione in Cina, poiché sono stati utilizzati come supporto dati ma anche trasmettitori informatici. Il Dicionário Português-Chinês a cura di Michele Ruggieri e Matteo Ricci è un’opera missionaria rappresentativa nellla tarda dinastia Ming ed è quindi il tema di questa ricerca. Si propone di verificare come vengono costruite le parole (in particolare parole in prestito e composti cinesi) con tali nuovi metodi e come è rappresentata la diversità cinese (della lingua orale o scritta, il mandarino o dialetti e così via) in questo dizionario. In questa tesi, tutti gli esempi sono analizzati in un sistema coerente nelle prospettive della lessicografia e la linguistica comparativa (confronto dettagliato delle singole caratteristiche tra diverse parole). Oltre all'analisi statistica, vengono utilizzate anche altre metodologie come la rappresentazione schematica e la critica del dizionario. Sono stati pubblicati numerosi articoli e documenti relativi al valore della ricerca di questo dizionario da diversi aspetti quali la linguistica, la ricerca storica, i metodi di traduzione e così via. Tuttavia, solo pochi di loro mettono l'accento sul suo valore lessicografico. Alcuni di loro hanno appena menzionato alcuni elementi segmentati della ricerca sistematica del dizionario, ma mancano di ricostruzione della struttura. Al fine di fornire uno studio approfondito, dopo l'introduzione della ricerca e la descrizione del background storico e linguistico, l'autore divide la ricerca in tre sezioni principali: chiarire i criteri di selezione del lemma durante la modifica del dizionario, analizzare alcuni metodi di traduzione specifici dal portoghese al cinese (parole in prestito, composti e espressioni negativi) del dizionario, e poi criticare e valutare le proprietà e qualità principali di questo dizionario bilingue. Si prevede che questa tesi possa offrire più dati testuali e ispirare ulteriori ricerche nei campi della lessicografia e della ricerca del dizionario bilingue.

Transnational corporations are playing an important role in the global economy of today. Many of these corporations have great economic resources and have the possibility of contributing to the development of societies in developing states. At the same time, in their search for profit, the activities of TNCs have proven fatal to some of the individuals employed by them, or otherwise in contact with their activities. Within the international legal framework, corporations are not traditionally treated as subjects and if a TNC allocates its production to a state with lax human rights protection, no binding international standards exist to regulate the conduct of the corporation.  In my thesis I will assess the position of TNCs under the present core human rights instruments and soft law initiatives. I will also analyze a draft treaty text produced by the Intergovernmental Working Group on Business and Human Rights, released in July 2018, to reach a conclusion on whether such an instrument would affect the international legal status of TNCs and provide a more robust protection of international human rights.

The thesis explores the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Executive leadership is often praised or blamed for outcomes in international agencies, and yet, the disciplinary literature fails to incorporate the executive head into institutional analyses of politics, power, and change over time. The thesis aims to address this lacuna and the role of executive leadership by analysing if and how it matters in international politics. The thesis draws on a composite literature from other areas of political research to establish what is known. A review of the literature and prevailing approaches to leadership studies reveals that an overwhelming majority of scholarship relies on exclusively structural or agential accounts of leadership. This somewhat determinist literature has distorted the limited knowledge on the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Approaches that focus on agency-based explanations argue that executive heads matter greatly. Approaches that utilise structure to interpret executive leadership find that it matters little, if at all. Rejecting these narrow frameworks, the thesis uses a dialectical approach, supported by critical realism, to analyse four cases of executive leadership in the World Trade Organization to address the research questions and lacuna. The case studies draw on over 70 years of multilateral trade governance to reveal a set of core and subsidiary findings about politics, power, executive leadership, and change over time. The thesis argues that executive leadership matters, but that how it matters is contingent on the executive head and the circumstances of their term. By incorporating the executive head into the disciplinary literature, the thesis argues politics, power, and change over time can be more accurately understood.

Les mécanismes de soft law ont joué un rôle central dans le développement de la notion actuelle de la responsabilité des entreprises transnationales en droits de l’homme telle qu’elle est définie dans les Principes directeurs relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme, une initiative approuvé par le Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations unies en juin 2011. La responsabilité des entreprises de respecter les droits de l’homme, telle qu’elle a été conçue par le Représentant spécial, repose sur les attentes de la société plutôt que sur une obligation juridique. Cela signifie que les entreprises « devraient éviter de porter atteinte aux droits de l’homme d’autrui et remédier aux incidences négatives sur les droits de l’homme dans lesquelles elles ont une part ». Les limites de cette approche sont importantes à moyen et à long terme. Même si l’approche pragmatique adopté par le Représentant spécial a permis de surmonter le débat au sein de la communauté internationale autour du Projet de normes sur la responsabilité en matière de droits de l’homme des sociétés transnationales et autres entreprises, elle a aussi éloigné la possibilité d’élaborer un instrument international imposant aux entreprises transnationales des obligations contraignantes en droits de l’homme. Construire la notion de la responsabilité des entreprises transnationales en matière de droits de l’homme uniquement sur les attentes de la société semble insuffisant et dangereux face aux victimes des abus de ces acteurs économiques. La responsabilité de respecter les droits de l’homme, telle que définie aujourd’hui, renforce l’acceptation d’un système international où les entreprises transnationales sont encouragées mais pas obligées à respecter les droits de l’homme, une solution qui laisse les victimes des abus dépourvues de toute action en justice et de réparation. L’objet de cette thèse est de présenter de manière succincte l’évolution de la problématique complexe de la responsabilité des entreprises transnationales du secteur énergétique en matière de droit international des droits de l’homme et de droit international humanitaire depuis son origine jusqu’à nos jours, ainsi que de comprendre les principales limites de l’approche actuelle à la question, afin d’envisager des potentielles solutions<br>Soft law mechanisms have played a central role in developing the current notion of the responsibility of transnational corporations in human rights as defined in the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, an initiative approved by the United Nations Human Rights Council in June 2011. Corporate responsibility to respect human rights, as defined by the Special Representative, is based on social expectations rather than on legal obligations. It means that companies should “avoid prejudice to the rights of others and to address adverse impacts on human rights in which they are involved”. The limitations of this approach are important in medium and long term. Although the pragmatic approach adopted by the Special Representative has closed the international community debate on the Draft Norms on the responsibility for human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, it also ends the chances of developing an international instrument requiring binding obligations in human rights for transnational corporations. Setting the notion of the responsibility of transnational corporations in human rights exclusively on social expectations seems unsatisfactory and dangerous towards victims of violations committed by these economic actors. Responsibility to respect human rights as defined today reinforces the acceptance of a system where transnational corporations are encouraged but are not compelled to respect human rights, a solution that leaves victims of abuse devoid of any legal action and redress. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to present briefly the evolution of the responsibility of transnational corporations in the energy sector in human rights and international humanitarian law from its origins to our days, as well as to understand the main limitations of the current concept in order to explore potential solutions

Defence date: 14 June 2013<br>Examining Board: Professor Antonella Romano (EUI, Supervisor) Professor Lucy Riall (EUI) Professor Gianna Pomata (Johns Hopkins University) Professor Flurin Condrau (Institute and Museum of the History of Medicine, University of Zurich).<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>The thesis introduces a biography of a medical case history published by a Venetian physician in 1806 that reports on a public self-crucifixion attempt: Cesare Ruggieri's Storia della crocifissione di Mattio Lovat da se stesso eseguita. Due to different editions and translations, this case history travelled into a European context and was discussed in various professional and lay discourses in Germany, France, England and Italy throughout the 19th century. The study first investigates the 'making' of the case as well as the writing of the case history in the social, cultural, political and medical context of Venice. Second, by analyzing the specific ways in which the narrative was appropriated, i.e. received, read, commented on, used and transformed by foreign authors, the thesis examines the Europe-wide 'circulation' of the case history. Thereby, it ties in with recent approaches from the fields of the history of science, history of medicine and history of psychiatry and seeks to offer new perspectives on the 'transnational' character of case histories. Although originally addressed to a medical readership in the specific form of a medical case history, Ruggieri's publication appealed to a much wider readership. The thesis reveals that the great potential of the narrative to travel and to arouse public attention and curiosity can be attributed first and foremost to the fact that it combined the medical problem of 'insanity' with a problematization of religious issues. These two topics were of great interest, not only in the context of nascent disciplines in 19th century Europe such as psychiatry in which working with cases was an epistemic method, but also in the realm of literature where casuistic writing was popular. The thesis demonstrates that the ways in which the case history circulated in the four countries depended on distinct national cultures of reception as well as on different media scenes. Despite thematic similarities, the way in which the case history was appropriated in the four national contexts therefore varied remarkably.

The diploma thesis investigates 24 Caprices for Solo Violin op. 1 by Nicolo Paganini in great detail. It also includes a brief biography of the famous performer and composer but mainly focuses on 24 caprices op. 1. The author of this work addresses circumstances of their creation, their main features and methodology problems. He further looks into interpretation options and compares recordings of Ruggiero Ricci, Ivan Kawaciuk, Itzhak Perlman and Shlomo Mintz. The aim of the work is to offer violinists who study any of the capricies recommendation regarding technic and interpretation problems.

Ce mémoire jette un regard critique, à partir des théories de Gramsci, sur les trois principes émanant des rapports du Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général des Nations unies, concernant la responsabilisation des firmes transnationales (FTN) en matière de violation des droits humains. Ces trois principes sont: la responsabilité des États de protéger, l'obligation des FTN de respecter et l'importance d'offrir des recours aux victimes des FTN pour réparer. Ce mémoire cherche à démontrer comment la montée de l'idéologie néolibérale permet de défendre et de protéger les intérêts de la classe capitaliste transnationale (CCT) au détriment des droits des classes subalternes. Cette situation est synchronisée avec l'établissement d'une nouvelle hégémonie en faveur de cette CCT. Les trois principes défendus par le Représentant spécial s'inspirent de cette idéologie et favorisent un rééquilibrage du rôle de la société civile par rapport à la société politique, au sein de la superstructure. L'instauration de cette nouvelle hégémonie est soutenue par le rôle actif des intellectuels organiques de la CCT par le biais des organisations internationales. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Classe, Droits humains, Firmes transnationales, Gramsci, Hégémonie, Néolibéralisme.

La présente étude a pour objectif de vérifier si le Canada respecte les prescriptions internationales en matière de droits de l’homme et d’entreprises vis-à-vis de l’encadrement qu’il exerce sur les sociétés minières canadiennes évoluant à l’étranger. En 2011, le Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU a adopté des «Principes directeurs» afin de mettre en oeuvre le cadre de référence « Protéger, Respecter, Réparer » du Représentant spécial chargé de la question des droits de l’homme et des sociétés transnationales et autres entreprises. Selon ce cadre de référence, les États ont des obligations de protection et de réparation alors que les entreprises ont seulement la responsabilité de respecter les droits humains. Après six années de travail, le Représentant spécial John Ruggie, a fait le choix de formuler dans ses «Principes directeurs» des directives non contraignantes à l’égard des États et des entreprises afin de les aider à remplir leurs obligations et responsabilités vis-à-vis des droits de l’homme. Selon, l’ONU, cet instrument de portée universelle est le plus élaboré en la matière, si bien qu’il est recommandé aux entreprises et plus particulièrement aux États de s’y conformer lors de l’élaboration de leurs politiques respectives en matière d'activité économique et de droits humains. Il convient donc de vérifier d’une part si l’encadrement exercé par l’appareil législatif et gouvernemental vis-à-vis des sociétés minières canadiennes évoluant à l’étranger est conforme au principe directeur «Protéger». D’autres part, il convient de vérifier si les recours judiciaires et extrajudiciaires disponibles au Canada remplissent les exigences du principe directeur «Réparer». Cette double analyse permettra de conclure que le Canada respecte dans les grandes lignes ces «Principes directeurs» mais qu’il pourrait faire bien plus notamment en terme d’accès à des réparations effectives pour les victimes étrangères de minières canadiennes.<br>This study propose to assess whether Canada meets the international requirements of business and human rights in relation to the supervision it has on Canadian mining companies operating abroad. In 2011, the Human rights Council adopted the Special Representative’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in order to implement the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. According to this framework, States have obligations to protect and remedy while companies only have responsibilities to respect human rights. After six years of work, the Special Representative on Business and Human rights, John Ruggie, has chosen to give in its Guiding Principles non- binding recommendations in order to help States and businesses to encounter their obligations and responsibilities towards human rights. According to the UN, this universal instrument is the most developed in the field. Thus, it is strongly recommended that companies and especially States, comply those «guiding principles» when they elaborate their respective policies on economic activity and human rights. It is therefore necessary to check first if the supervision exercised by the legislature and the government on Canadian mining companies operating abroad succeeds to comply with the "Protect" principles. On the other hand, it must be checked whether the judicial and extrajudicial remedies available in Canada meet the requirements of the «Remedy" principles. This dual analysis will led to conclude that Canada meets broadly the "Guiding Principles" but could do much more, especially in terms of access to effective remedies for foreign victims of Canadian mining companies.