Academic literature on the topic 'Rugby union training methods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rugby union training methods"
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Fuller, Colin, Aileen Taylor, Marc Douglas, and Martin Raftery. "Rugby World Cup 2019 injury surveillance study." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8062.
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Background: Full contact team sports, such as rugby union, have high incidences of injury. Injury surveillance studies underpin player welfare programmes in rugby union. Objective: To determine the incidence, severity, nature and causes of injuries sustained during the Rugby World Cup 2019.
Methods: A prospective, whole population study following the definitions and procedures recommended in the consensus statement for epidemiologic studies in rugby union. Output measures included players’ age (years), stature (cm), body mass (kg), playing position, and group-level incidence (injuries/1000 player-hours), severity (days- absence), injury burden (days absence/1000 player-hours), location (%), type (%) and inciting event (%) of injuries.
Results: Overall incidences of injury were 79.4 match injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI: 67.4 to 93.6) and 1.5 training injuries/1000 player-training-hours (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.3). The overall mean severity of injury was 28.9 (95% CI: 20.0 to 37.8) days absence during matches and 14.8 (95% CI: 4.1 to 25.5) days absence during training. The most common locations and types of match injuries were head/face (22.4%), posterior thigh (12.6%), ligament sprain (21.7%) and muscle strain (20.3%); the ankle (24.0%), posterior thigh (16.0%), muscle strain (44.0%) and ligament sprain (16.0%) were the most common locations and types of injuries during training. Tackling (28.7%), collisions (16.9%) and running (16.9%) were responsible for most match injuries and non-contact (36.0%) and contact (32.0%) rugby skills activities for training injuries.
Conclusion: The incidence, severity, nature and inciting events associated with match and training injuries at Rugby World Cup 2019 were similar to those reported for Rugby World Cups 2007, 2011 and 2015.
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Weaving, Dan, Nicholas E. Dalton, Christopher Black, Joshua Darrall-Jones, Padraic J. Phibbs, Michael Gray, Ben Jones, and Gregory A. B. Roe. "The Same Story or a Unique Novel? Within-Participant Principal-Component Analysis of Measures of Training Load in Professional Rugby Union Skills Training." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 9 (October 1, 2018): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0565.
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Purpose: To identify which combination metrics of external and internal training load (TL) capture similar or unique information for individual professional players during skills training in rugby union using principal-component (PC) analysis. Methods: TL data were collected from 21 male professional rugby union players across a competitive season. This included PlayerLoad™, total distance, and individualized high-speed distance (>61% maximal velocity; all external TL) obtained from a microtechnology device (OptimEye X4; Catapult Innovations, Melbourne, Australia) that was worn by each player and the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (internal TL). PC analysis was conducted on each individual to extract the underlying combinations of the 4 TL measures that best describe the total information (variance) provided by the measures. TL measures with PC loadings (PCL) above 0.7 were deemed to possess well-defined relationships with the extracted PC. Results: The findings show that from the 4 TL measures, the majority of an individual’s TL information (first PC: 55–70%) during skills training can be explained by session RPE (PCL: 0.72–0.95), total distance (PCL: 0.86–0.98), or PlayerLoad (PCL: 0.71–0.98). High-speed distance was the only variable to relate to the second PC (PCL: 0.72–1.00), which captured additional TL information (+19–28%). Conclusions: Findings suggest that practitioners could quantify the TL of rugby union skills training with one of PlayerLoad, total distance, or session RPE plus high-speed distance while limiting omitted information of the TL imposed during professional rugby union skills training.
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Beard, Adam, John Ashby, Ryan Chambers, Franck Brocherie, and Grégoire P. Millet. "Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia in International Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0170.
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Purpose: To investigate the effects of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia vs in normoxia on world-level male rugby union players’ repeated-sprint ability (RSA) during an international competition period. Methods: A total of 19 players belonging to an international rugby union senior male national team performed 4 sessions of cycling repeated sprints (consisting of 3 × eight 10-s sprints with 20 s passive recovery) either in normobaric hypoxia (RSH, 3000 m; n = 10) or in normoxia (RSN, 300 m; n = 9) over a 2-wk period. Before and after the training intervention, RSA was evaluated using a cycling repeated-sprint test (6 × 10-s maximal sprint and 20-s passive recovery) performed in normoxia. Results: Significant interaction effects (all P < .05, ) between condition and time were found for RSA-related parameters. Compared with Pre, maximal power significantly improved at Post in RSH (12.84 [0.83] vs 13.63 [1.03] W·kg−1, P < .01, ) but not in RSN (13.17 [0.89] vs 13.00 [1.01] W·kg−1, P = .45, ). Mean power was also significantly enhanced from Pre to Post in RSH (11.15 [0.58] vs 11.86 [0.63] W·kg−1, P < .001, ), whereas it remained unchanged in RSN (11.54 [0.61] vs 11.75 [0.65] W·kg−1, P = .23, ). Conclusion: As few as 4 dedicated specific RSH sessions were beneficial to enhance repeated power production in world-level rugby union players. Although the improvement from RSA to game behavior remains unclear, this finding appears to be of practical relevance as only a short preparation window is available prior to international rugby union games.
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Gordon, Greg, Heather Morris-Eyton, and Alliance Kubayi. "Match loads of university rugby union players between the 2016 and 2018 Varsity Cup competitions." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a7949.
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Background: Rugby union is a popular and continuously growing sport globally. With the advance of technology, practices have been implemented to quantify the match running demands of rugby union players. The aim of this study was to analyse the match loads of rugby union players between the 2016 and 2018 Varsity Cup competitions.
Methods: The sample consisted of 562 match observations of male university rugby union players competing in the Varsity Cup tournaments.
Results: The backline players ran significantly longer total distances (5105 m; p = 0.001; ES = 0.49); have greater high- speed running (496 m; p = 0.001; ES = 1.03), very high-speed running (260 m; p = 0.001; ES = 1.50) and sprint distances (117 m; p = 0.001; ES = 1.32) than forward players. Backline players also accumulated a high number of metres per minute (238 ± 94; p = 0.001; ES = 0.46), total Player Load (488 ± 203; p = 0.001; ES = 0.31), RHIE (9 ± 8; p = 0.001; ES = 0.75) and number of accelerations (4 ± 5; p = 0.001; ES = 0.49).
Conclusion: These findings may assist coaches to develop player position specific training programmes to meet the physical demands of rugby.
Keywords: rugby union, match loads, physical demands, position
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Ball, Shane, Mark Halaki, Tristan Sharp, and Rhonda Orr. "Injury Patterns, Physiological Profile, and Performance in University Rugby Union." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0023.
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Context: Rugby union is a physically demanding collision sport with high injury rates. There is a common perception that higher training loads result in greater injury risk in field-based sports. Objectives: To determine injury, anthropometric, and physical-performance characteristics in junior rugby union players and investigate the interaction between training load and injury across a competitive season. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Fifty-one players (age 19.2 ± 0.7 y) from an under-20 university rugby union team (forwards, n = 27; backs, n = 24) participated in a study conducted over a competition season. Training load, injury characteristics, anthropometry, physiological performance, and match time-loss injury incidence were observed. Results: Backs had significantly lower body mass (ES [95% CI] = 1.6 [0.9, 2.2]), skinfold thickness (ES = 1.1 [0.5, 1.7]), strength (squat ES = 0.6 [0.0, 1.2], deadlift ES = 0.6 [0.0, 1.1], bench press ES = 0.9 [0.4, 1.5]), lower-body power (ES = 0.4 [−0.2, 1.0]), and higher maximal aerobic capacity (ES = −0.3 [−0.8, 0.3]) than forwards. Match injury incidence was 107.3 injuries/1000 player hours (forwards 91.4/1000, backs 125.5/1000) during preseason and 110.7 injuries/1000 player hours (forwards 124.1/1000, backs 95.2/1000) during in-season. Forwards showed higher incidence of joint and ligament (P = .049) and upper-limb (P = .011) injuries than backs. No significant relationship between overall training load and match injury incidence was found. However, lower match injury incidence was associated with higher weekly training volume in backs (P = .007). Conclusions: Positional differences in body composition, performance, injury characteristics, and match injury patterns were identified in junior university rugby union players, indicating the need for position-specific training programs to reduce risk of injury.
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Teece, Angus R., Christos K. Argus, Nicholas Gill, Martyn Beaven, Ian C. Dunican, and Matthew W. Driller. "Sleep and Performance during a Preseason in Elite Rugby Union Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094612.
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Background: Preseason training optimises adaptations in the physical qualities required in rugby union athletes. Sleep can be compromised during periods of intensified training. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between sleep quantity and changes in physical performance over a preseason phase in professional rugby union athletes. Methods: Twenty-nine professional rugby union athletes (Mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 years) had their sleep duration monitored for 3 weeks using wrist actigraphy. Strength and speed were assessed at baseline and at week 3. Aerobic capacity and body composition were assessed at baseline, at week 3 and at week 5. Participants were stratified into 2 groups for analysis: <7 h 30 min sleep per night (LOW, n = 15) and >7 h 30 min sleep per night (HIGH, n = 14). Results: A significant group x time interaction was determined for aerobic capacity (p = 0.02, d = 1.25) at week 3 and for skinfolds at week 3 (p < 0.01, d = 0.58) and at week 5 (p = 0.02, d = 0.92), in favour of the HIGH sleep group. No differences were evident between groups for strength or speed measures (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that longer sleep duration during the preseason may assist in enhancing physical qualities including aerobic capacity and body composition in elite rugby union athletes.
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Hill, Denise M., Nic Matthews, and Ruth Senior. "The Psychological Characteristics of Performance Under Pressure in Professional Rugby Union Referees." Sport Psychologist 30, no. 4 (December 2016): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2015-0109.
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This study used qualitative methods to explore the stressors, appraisal mechanism, emotional response, and effective/ineffective coping strategies experienced by elite rugby union referees during pressurized performances. Participants included seven male rugby union referees from the United Kingdom (Mage = 27.85, SD = 4.56) who had been officiating as full-time professionals for between 1 and 16 years (M = 4.85, SD = 5.42). Data revealed that the referees encountered a number of stressors, which were appraised initially as a ‘threat’, and elicited negatively-toned emotions. The referees were able to maintain performance standards under pressure by adopting proactive, problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies which managed effectively the stressors and their emotions. However, the use of avoidance-coping, reactive control, and informal impression management were perceived as ineffective coping strategies, and associated with poor performance and choking. Recommendations are offered to inform the psychological skills training of rugby union referees.
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Grainger, Adam, Paul Comfort, and Shane Heffernan. "No Effect of Partial-Body Cryotherapy on Restoration of Countermovement Jump or Well-Being Performance in Elite Rugby Union Players During the Competitive Phase of the Season." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0911.
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Purpose: Partial body cryotherapy (PBC) has been shown to be beneficial for postexercise recovery; however, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of PBC for recovery following elite rugby union training. Rugby union is a unique sport that involves high-velocity collisions and may induce greater performance decrements than other sports; thus, PBC could be beneficial. The application of PBC in “real world” has rarely been investigated during the competitive phase of a playing season and warranted investigation. Methods: In a counterbalanced sequential research design, professional rugby athletes (n = 18; age 25.4 [4.0] y; training age 7.2 [4.0] y; mass 99.8 [10.6] kg; height 188.3 [6.0] cm) were assigned to a 12-week PBC intervention, washout period (4 wk), and reassessed as their own controls. Self-reported well-being, muscle soreness, sleep quality, and countermovement jump height were assessed before and 40 hours after “real-world” training. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Cohen d were used for statistical analysis. Results: No differences were observed between PBC and control conditions (P > .05; d = 0.00–0.14) for well-being (−0.02% [0.08%] vs 0.01% [0.06%]), muscle soreness (−0.01% [0.11%] vs 0.01% [0.16%]), sleep quality (−0.03% [0.14%] vs 0.10% [0.29%]), or countermovement jump height (36.48–36.59 vs 38.13–37.52 cm; P = .54). Conclusions: These results suggest PBC is ineffective for the restoration of selected performance parameters during the performance maintenance phase of the competitive season. To ascertain the appropriation of its use, future investigations should seek to assess the use of cryotherapies at various phases of the elite rugby union competitive season.
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Leahy, Therese M., Ian C. Kenny, Mark J. Campbell, Giles D. Warrington, Roisin Cahalan, Andrew J. Harrison, Mark Lyons, et al. "Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 232596712110234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211023431.
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Background: The shoulder has been reported as a frequent location of injury in adult professional and amateur rugby, with match injury incidence rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 per 1000 player-hours (h). An increased understanding of the incidence and mechanism of shoulder injuries in school rugby players is vital to establish effective injury preventive strategies and advise on appropriate rehabilitation. Purpose: To describe the incidence, nature, and severity of shoulder injuries in schoolboy rugby in Ireland. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury surveillance was carried out for Senior Cup teams across two seasons (N = 665 players aged 17-19 years) in Ireland from 2018 to 2020. Match and training injury data were recorded using an online system by trained nominated injury recorders. Match exposure was also recorded. Results: Shoulder match injury incidence was 12.2 per 1000 h (95% CI, 9.1-16.2), with a mean severity of 47 days’ time loss and an overall burden of 573 days per 1000 h. In total, 47 match and 5 training shoulder injuries were recorded. The most common injuries were shoulder dislocations/subluxations (34%), followed by acromioclavicular joint sprains (30%). Shoulder dislocations/subluxations represented the most burdensome injury (280 days per 1000 h). The tackle accounted for the majority (81%) of shoulder injuries. Forwards sustained a significantly higher incidence of shoulder injuries (8.3/1000 h) in comparison with backs (3.9/1000 h), with a rate ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.15-3.94; P = .015). Conclusion: We found a notably higher injury incidence rate in schoolboy rugby as compared with the adult amateur and professional game. Shoulder injuries were responsible for more days lost than any other injury, and shoulder dislocations were the most severe. This is of particular concern so early in a player’s career and warrants further investigation into potential risk factors and mechanisms associated with shoulder injuries in school-age players.
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West, Stephen W., Sean Williams, Peter Tierney, Tom Batchelor, Matthew J. Cross, Simon P. T. Kemp, and Keith A. Stokes. "Training and match load in professional rugby union: Do contextual factors influence the training week?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a9509.
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Background: Rugby union demands a multifaceted approach to training, given the multiple physical and technical attributes required to play the sport.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of training throughout the week and investigate how this may be influenced by match-related factors. Methods: Training load data (session Rating of Perceived Exertion [sRPE], total distance and high-speed running [HSR]) were collected from six professional English rugby teams during the 2017/18 season. Five contextual factors were also recorded including: standard of opposition, competition type, result of previous fixture, surface type, and match venue.
Results: The day prior to matches demonstrated the lowest training load (101 AU (95% CIs: 0-216 AU) , 1 047 m (95% CIs:1 128-1 686 m) and 59 m (95% CIs: 0-343 m), respectively), while four days prior to the match demonstrated the highest training load (464 AU (95% CIs: 350-578), 2 983 m (95% CIs: 2 704-3 262m) and 234m (95% CIs: 0-477m), respectively). Of the five contextual factors, competition type was the only variable that demonstrated greater than trivial findings, with training before European fixtures the lowest stimulus across the four different competition types. Standard of opposition, previous result, surface type and venue had only trivial effects on training load (effect sizes = -0.13 to 0.15).
Conclusion: Future studies should outline the distribution of other training metrics, including contact and collision training. This study provides a multi-club evaluation that demonstrates the variety of loading strategies prior to competitive match play and highlights competition type as the most influential contextual factor impacting the average training load.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rugby union training methods"
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Marnewick, Michel. "Can a cross training program improve rugby skills in adolescent male rugby players?" Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/732.
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The purpose of this study was to find whether cross training could improve male adolescent rugby skills. Three major sports (soccer, basketball and wrestling) were selected to form the base of the cross training intervention program. Pre- and post-tests were performed with the entire rugby squad (24 participants) prior to and at the conclusion of the intervention program. After pre-testing, the participants were grouped into either the intervention (12) or the control group (12). Supervised cross training sessions were performed twice a week for 10 weeks as well as traditional rugby training twice a week for 10 weeks with the intervention group. The control group performed supervised conventional rugby training twice a week for 10 weeks. All participants (24) played in a rugby match once a week during the 10 week period of the study.
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Hartwig, Timothy B. "Training and competition demands of adolescent rugby union players." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2009. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/b2acd5b31ce852a8b0c24516a3b815f278de328e48b94c0f38e4508a4903a944/4967997/64909_downloaded_stream_134.pdf.
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Background: An emerging trend in adolescent sport is a greater emphasis on identifying and developing talent in young athletes and improving articulation to elite adult participation. Adolescent athletes appear to be increasingly engaged in strenuous training processes thought to best serve these ends. The ability to adapt and recover from strenuous physical loading is finite and influenced by many unique factors during adolescence. Consequently, training and non-training stressors and, or, responses to stressors may exceed individual adaptation thresholds with deleterious, rather than beneficial outcomes. Undesirable consequences of training manifest in complex psychosociobiological signs and symptoms, often defined as overreaching or overtraining along the continuum of athlete adaption. For adolescents, undesirable training responses may impact normal growth and maturation, and athlete development, including participation and performance outcomes. In spite of known risks and increasing anecdotal comment on the adolescent athlete, the extent to which high loads of sports participation during adolescence are related to competitive success, serial fatigue, injury, and overtraining are profoundly under explored and knowledge to guide best practice is lacking. Aims: Within a framework of limited existing empirical evidence and in consultation with Australian Rugby Union, studies included in this thesis aimed to serially monitor participation among three levels of adolescent rugby union players to better understand factors contributing to positive performance and participation outcomes and minimising adverse effects including serial fatigue, injury, training errors, and overtraining in the context of the development of talented young athletes.;Methods: For three separate studies, 75, 106, and 118 participants were recruited from various levels of adolescent rugby involvement that included, school, sports selective school, and state representative rugby. Subjective and objective measures of training volume and intensity, game and training practices, and stress and recovery were collected longitudinally. Results: In study one, representative squad players recorded the highest weekly duration of sport and physical activity (515 REPLACE2 222 min/week), followed by the talent squad (421 REPLACE2 211 min/week) and school boy group (370 REPLACE2 135 min/week). Profiles of individual players identified as group outliers showed weekly durations of 730 REPLACE2 49 min/week for a school boy player, 792 REPLACE2 226 min/week for a representative player, and 804 REPLACE2 335 min/week for a talent squad player, including up to three games and up to eleven training sessions per week for this individual. In study two, players with the highest weekly volume of sport and physical activity during the season demonstrated more favourable recovery-stress states compared with moderate and low volume groups. Despite better psychological stress and recovery profiles of more elite, higher load players, not all participants demonstrated favourable capacities to deal with stress and recovery processes. Seven of 106 participants were in at least two of three categories of highest volume, highest stress and poorest recovery. In study three, time-motion analyses showed that compared with rugby training, rugby games were consistently characterised by more time spent jogging (14 vs. 8%), striding (3.2 vs. 1.3%), and sprinting (1.3 vs. 0.1%) (p<0.001). Players also covered greater distances (4000 REPLACE2 500 vs. 2710 REPLACE2 770 m) and performed more sprints (21.8 vs. 1) during games compared with training (p<0.001).;A major finding of this study is the disparity between physical game demands and on-field rugby training practices in adolescent players. Discussion: High-load participation demands of adolescent athletes may compromise optimal energy balance and compete with physiological, psychological, and time resources available for recovery. In team sports such as rugby, monitoring and quantifying load in individual athletes is necessary to facilitate best practice advice for player management and training prescription. It may be even more critical to monitor individual responses among adolescent athletes, in whom varied internal and external loads exist. Even in the absence of a complete understanding the impact of high volume, high stress, poor recovery participation, these markers may be precursors for more deleterious outcomes such as injury, performance decrements, and overtraining. Internal and external pressures, the transition from 'sampling' to 'specialisation', and over-exaggerated short-term performance goals may contribute to the high participation loads found in some adolescent rugby union players. Conclusion: Growth and maturation and adolescent sports' participation create complex challenges for training and developing young athletes. Accumulative training and non-training stressors with inadequate recovery may exceed individual adaptation thresholds with deleterious, rather than beneficial performance and participation outcomes. It would be advantageous to identify 'at risk' individuals and appropriately manage adolescent athletes within redefined developmental frameworks that prioritise long-term goals, are cognisant of growth and maturation, and systematically aim to prescribe loads and recovery to avoid maladaptations.
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Darko, Natalie. "Rugby union men : body concerns." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10081.
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Existing research shows that increasing numbers of young men are dissatisfied with the appearance of their bodies. Research has found that men will use sport and health-related sports acts to conceal these concerns from others. Accordingly, men s body dissatisfactions are documented less frequently because the practices drawn upon to conceal them are perceived as routine forms of masculine behaviour. Rugby union is one of the most popular sports played by young men in England. Historically, the male rugby player is culturally perceived as strong, tough and unemotionally articulate. Existing research draws attention to health issues, such as performance stress and injury that arise through participation in this sport. Research also shows that rugby union players are likely to experience concerns about gaining weight, yet these are disguised within the requirements of training for the sport. Although, there are studies that examine the constitution of masculinities, the experience of pain and injury and career transitions among rugby union players there are no studies, as yet, that examine how rugby union men experience body concerns and manage these experiences through their sport. The research discussed in this thesis examines how a group of rugby union men (25) aged 18-25, of varied racial identity, ethnic and social backgrounds, participating in an elite university rugby union 1st XV team, experience concerns about the appearance and performance of their bodies and the ways in which such concerns develop. It also examines if and how these men used the sport and health-related sports acts, to overcome their concerns and conceal them from others. A theoretical framework, which draws on the concepts of the three theorists: Connell (1995, 2008) Goffman (1959; 1961; 1979) and Bourdieu (1978; 1979; 1984), is developed. As part of this, a new concept has been created from Goffman s dramaturgical approach: that of the intimate dimension. In this dimension intimate relationships occur. It is located away from the front region, (the public), and the back region (semi-public spaces) where less formal relationships occur. It includes the research interview, with a woman researcher, and some other women such as girlfriends, sisters or female friends and also one or two other rugby men with whom the rugby men demonstrated a close bond. Within this dimension the rugby men are more forthcoming about the personal elements of their rugby lives. The theoretical framework is used to examine these men s concerns, how they are developed, experienced and managed. Recognising that cultural assumptions of a tough and less expressive masculinity assigned to this sport can potentially make it difficult for men to express these concerns, a combination of visual research methods and ethnography are used to examine these men s body concerns and their management. This includes collaborative collection of photography and photo-elicitation interviews. The research shows that embodied experiences of discomfort, associated with pain, injury, concerns about height, being overweight or out of shape, and social experiences of exclusion led to the development of the rugby men s body concerns. For these rugby men, their rugby masculinities are influential to the management and concealment of their body concerns. They suppress and conceal their body concerns in the front and back regions of the sport and reveal them in more intimate dimensions. The rugby men s relationships with each other, in the back regions of the sport, were the most influential to this identity, but more importantly, to the management and reinforcement of these concerns. This thesis contributes to filling the gap in existing academic research by examining body concerns and its management amongst rugby union men. It also extends existing research that has found men conceal their body concerns in sport, because it looks at how these men manage these concerns differently in different regions of their sport. Furthermore, a theoretical framework that combines interactionism and phenomenology is used to study sociologically men s body concerns in these different contexts. The combination of visual methods and ethnography goes beyond some of the existing methods used in clinical and sociological research that have examined men's body concerns. They can be used to enhance understanding of clinical forms of body concern and other emotional concerns rugby union men and other sportsmen, of all ages, have about performance, pain and injury. The incorporation of visual methods is potentially widely applicable because they have increasing precedence in sportsmen s lives to analyse performance and to represent them.
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Rust, Ruan. "Quantification of training load in junior provincial rugby union players." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32957.
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Study purpose: The objectives of the study were to measure external and internal load and recovery status of junior semi-professional rugby union players (n = 36) during the u/19 Currie Cup campaign. Methods: The monitoring period covered 280 days (July – October) and included phases divided into off-season, pre-season and competition. Twelve league matches were played during the competition phase. The variables associated with external and internal load and recovery status were summarised for each player and also compared to each other to establish relationships between these variables. Data were collected either daily (training load, subjective fatigue and recovery) or weekly (recovery heart rate) or during matches (mechanical load, physiological load and training load). Injuries were also recorded throughout the season. Results: The primary finding of this study was that the players' loads (arbitrary units; AU) (605293 AU), fatigue (4.51.3 AU) and recovery (14.12.3 AU) did not change significantly throughout the different phases of the season. Also, recovery heart remained similar throughout the different phases of the season supporting the pattern of the subjective data. There was no clear predictive relationship between training load, subjective fatigue and recovery prior to sustaining an injury (both soft tissue and musculoskeletal). Conclusion: This study questions the usefulness of a wearable device to measure training load (internal/external), particularly since the session rating of perceived effort(sRPE) is cost effective, quick and easy to implement and provides accurate information. Subjective training load and subjective fatigue did not predict injury in this cohort of players. However, these variables can be used as markers to guide training to ensure the conditioning status of the players remains similar throughout the season. In particular they enable individualised decisions to be made about each player, ensuring that load and fatigue in response to the load remain steady.
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Engelbrecht, Louise. "Sport-specific video-based reactive agility training in rugby union players." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17926.
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De, Villiers Anton. "Identifying the generic competencies of Rugby Union referees." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09132004-152349.
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Gannon, Edward. "Strategies for monitoring and training strength and power in elite rugby union players." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655725.
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Rugby union requires high levels of strength and power in order to support the physical requirements of the game. The competitive structure of rugby union in the English premiership places limitations on the time available for players’ physical development. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the scope and magnitude of strength and power adaptation potential, whilst identifying effective training strategies to support physical development in professional rugby union players. Chapter 3 monitored lower limb strength and power during the different phases of a professional season. This study demonstrated moderate beneficial increases in all physical capacities over a full season whilst pre and mid-season training cycles represent the greatest opportunity for strength and power enhancement. Chapter 4 assessed the efficacy of complex training performed during a mid-season performance phase and found meaningful increases in selected measures of power whilst maximum strength was maintained. Chapter 5 assessed the impact of pre-conditioning exercise mode selection (cycling or weightlifting) when designing complex training interventions and reported highly individualised response patterns in measures of lower and upper body performance. Chapter 5 also demonstrated no clear support for the short-term effects of elevated free-testosterone on local and systemic muscle performance. Chapter 6 investigated the effects that manipulating work interval duration has on fast muscle activity and power during high intensity interval training (HIT). This study reported greater accumulative power responses and fast muscle activation in selected muscles when shorter work interval durations were prescribed. In summary, scope for physical development exists in professional rugby union players. Complex training may be an efficient in-season training method for power development. Hormonal response patterns represent unpredictable markers of acute and chronic improvements in local and systemic muscle performance. Finally, the endurance potential of fast muscle groups may benefit from HIT protocols designed with shorter work interval durations.
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Gamble, Paul. "Specificity in the physical preparation of elite rugby union football players." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5366.
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The present thesis explored various applications of training specificity with regard to elite-level rugby union football players of various ages. A novel approach to metabolic conditioning employing skill-based conditioning games was investigated with elite-level senior professional players, during the course of a preseason training period. Training responses were assessed using a submaximal intermittent shuttle test performed at weekly intervals. Significant differences post-training (p<0.01) were observed for %HRmax reached during the final test stage and recovery of HR from the end of the final stage to the end of the final 1-minute rest period. The second study examined effectiveness of a circuit format for strength training in elite senior professional players during a preseason training period. Following the circuit based strength training, deadlift and bench pull I-RM strength scores were significantly improved both in comparison to pre-tests (p<0.01) and end season scores (p<0.01). Bench press scores were also significantly improved following the training period (p<0.01), and post-test bench press scores were improved relative to end season scores, albeit to a lesser extent (p<0.05). An Olympic lift training intervention was undertaken with Junior academy-level rugby union players. The effect of the application of these lifts on mean power output measured using test apparatus that simulated the ruck clean movement featured in rugby union football was examined. The considerably greater increases of the training group on this measure (28% vs 8%) were reflected in greater statistical significance (p<0.01) relative to the improvement for the control group (p<0.05). A significant interaction effect also indicated the training groups responded significantly differently on the test measure following training. A weighted ballistic push up training mode, incorporating a prototype shoulder harness, was investigated in a group of junior academy-level rugby football players. The training group recorded significant improvements in work output measured using a concentric-only push test (p<0.05), whereas countermovement push-up test scores approached significance (P=0.063). The final study employed an overweight ball complex training intervention. Following training the elite academy professional players who served as subjects showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in right-handed and left-handed mean and peak pass velocities.
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Nel, Trudine. "Monitoring stress and recovery among u/20 rugby union players over a training season." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71758.
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Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stress and recovery plays an important role in the performance of semi-professional rugby players. Physiological and psychological markers have been established as reliable indicators of the recovery-stress state in athletes. Monitoring changes in the recovery-stress state enables the coaching staff to adapt training sessions to enhance performance. The aim of this study was to monitor changes in stress and recovery states among U-20 rugby union players during a training year. Relationships regarding monitoring variables and differences in stress and recovery between playing positions were examined. 55 Players between the ages of 18 and 20 were monitored for 27 weeks, over a training year. The training year was divided into 5 training phases: Developing phase (week 1 – 7), Transitional phase (week 8 - 11), Early Competition phase (week 12 - 17), Performance phase (week 18 – 24), and High Performance phase (week 25 - 27). Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for sessions were reported on a daily basis. The Heart-rate Interval Monitoring System (HIMS) test was run every week. The Stellenbosch Mood Scale (STEMS) and Self-Report questionnaires were completed on a weekly basis, and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ-76-Sport) was completed once a month. Backline players physically recovered better and faster than the forwards throughout the training year, while the forwards exhibited better psychological coping methods. The backline players had significant higher scores for the Depression (p = 0.03), Anger (p = 0.009), and Confusion (p = 0.01) scales of the STEMS. The Total Mood Disturbance scores were also significantly higher (p = 0.03) for the backline players than the forwards during the Performance phase. The backline players experienced increased stress and decreased feelings of well-being during the competitive phases when compared to the forwards. The backline players had better physical recovery than the forwards after the high intensity and high volume Developing phase. Correlations were evident between the HIMS test and the RESTQ-76-Sport questionnaire. Additional correlations were found between training load, as well as training monotony and training strain, and scales of the RESTQ-76-Sport and STEMS questionnaires. Lack of psychological skills-training might also have resulted in the players not knowing how to properly handle stressful situations and how to regulate their stress and recovery states. The lack of an educational system regarding recovery strategies, and the reinforcement thereof, especially during the Developing phases might play a role in the later increased fatigue and injury rates among the players.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stres en herstel speel 'n groot rol in die prestasie van semi-professionele rugby spelers. Fisiologiese en sielkundige merkers is vasgestel as betroubare aanwysers ten opsigte van die stress-herstel toestand van atlete. Die monitoring van veranderinge in hierdie toestand kan die afrigtings-personeel help om die oefensessies aan te pas om optimale prestasie te verseker. Die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie was om veranderinge in stres en herstel toestande in O/20 rugby unie spelers, oor 'n oefenjaar, te moniteer. Verhoudinge in monitering veranderlikes en moontlike verskille in die stress en herstel toestand tussen die voorspelers en agterspelers is ondersoek. 55 Spelers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 20 is vir 27 weke, oor 'n oefenjaar, gemonitor. Die oefenjaar was onderverdeel in vyf oefenfases nl. die Ontwikkelingsfase (week 1 – 7), die Oorskakelingsfase (week 8 – 11), die Vroeë Kompetisiefase (week 12 – 17), die Prestasiefase (week 18 – 25), en laastens die Hoë Prestasiefase (week 25 – 27). Spelers het daagliks hul “Rate of Perceived Exertion‟s” aangedui vir elke oefensessie. Die “Heart-rate Interval System” toets (HIMS) was een keer 'n week gehardloop. Die “Stellenbosch Mood States” (STEMS) en Selfrapporteringsvraelyste was op 'n weeklikse basis ingevul en die “Recovery-Stress Questionnaire-Sport” (RESTQ-76-Sport) was een keer 'n maand ingevul. Agterspelers het deur die jaar fisies beter en vinniger as die voorspeler herstel, terwyl die voorspelers beter sielkundige beheer getoon het. Die agterlyn se tellings vir die Depressie (p = 0.03), Woede (p = 0.009), en Vervanging (p = 0.01) skale van die STEMS was betekenisvol hoër as die telling van die voorspelers. Die Totale Gemoedsversteuringstellings was ook betekenisvol hoër vir die agterlyn as die voorspelers tydens die Prestasiefase (p = 0.03). Die agterspelers het toenemende stres tydens die kompetitisie fases ervaar, sowel as 'n afname in die gevoel van Welsyn. Die agterlyn het beter fisiese herstel na die hoë intensiteit en hoë volume Ontwikkelingsfase as die voorspelers getoon. Korrelasies is gevind tussen die HIMS en die RESTQ-76-Sport. Verdere korrelasies is ook tussen “training load”, sowel as “training monotony” en “training strain”, en sekere skale van die RESTQ-76-Sport en STEMS vraelyste gevind. Die tekort aan sielkundige tegniek-ontwikkeling kon bydrae tot die spelers se verwardheid rondom die hantering van stresvolle situasies en hoe om hul stres en herstel toestande te reguleer. Die afwesigheid van „n opvoedkundige sisteem rondom herstel strategieë, en die toepassing daarvan, veral tydens die Ontwikkelingsfases, mag moontlik 'n rol speel in latere toenames in vermoeienis en getal beserings onder die spelers.
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Fabricius, David Leslie. "Comparision of aquatic- and land-based plyometric training on power, speed and agility in adolescent rugby union players." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17811.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of an aquatic- and landbased plyometric programme upon selected, sport-specific performance variables in adolescent male, rugby union players. A group of 52 rugby players (age: 16.3 ± 0.8 years, height: 176 ± 6.9 cm and body mass: 76.1 ± 11.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aquatic group (n=18), land group (n=17), and a control group (n=17). Prior to and after the sevenweeks of training, the power, agility and speed of participants were assessed by means of Fitrodyne repeated countermovement jumps, the Sergeant vertical jump, the Illinois agility test, a standing broad jump, and a 10- and 40- metre sprint. All three groups maintained their summer extra-curricular sport commitments during the intervention period. When the three groups were analysed, no significant differences were found between the groups with regard to all tested performance variables. With regard to withingroup changes, the aquatic group improved significantly (p<0.05) in the Illinois agility test, performed to the right. The land group showed significant (p<0.05) improvements in peak concentric power during Fitrodyne repeated countermovement jumps. All groups reflected highly significant (p<0.01) improvements in the Sergeant vertical jump. None of the groups displayed any improvements in sprint speed. The control was the only group to improve significantly in the standing broad jump (p<0.05). Land-based plyometric training might be a functionally superior training modality for athletes, although aquatic plyometrics could also offer an effective training modality for performance enhancement in power-based sports such as rugby union football. Aquatic-based plyometrics should not completely replace land-based plyometrics, as it might not adequately develop the specific neuromuscular patterns or functional needs of explosive sports.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effektiwiteit van ‘n water- en landgebaseerde pliometriese program met mekaar te vergelyk in terme van geselekteerde, sportspesifieke uitvoeringsveranderlikes in manlike adolessente rugbyspelers. ‘n Groep van 52 rugbyspelers (ouderdom: 16.3 ± 0.8 jaar, lengte: 176 ± 6.9 cm en liggaamsmassa: 76.1 ± 11.9 kg) is lukraak in een van drie groepe ingedeel: watergroep (n=18), landgroep (n=17), en ‘n kontrolegroep (n=17). Voor en na die sewe-weke oefenprogram, is spelers se plofkrag, ratsheid en spoed getoets deur middel van Fitrodyne herhaalde spronge, Sergeant vertikale sprong, Illinois ratsheidstoets, staande verspring, en ‘n 10- en 40-m spoedtoets. Al drie groepe het vir die duur van die intervensieperiode met hulle somersport aangegaan. Na analise van die drie groepe se data, is daar geen statisties betekenisvolle verskille tussen die groepe ten opsigte van die prestasieveranderlikes gevind nie. Die waterpliometriese groep se prestasie in die Illinois ratsheidstoets na regs het statisties beduidend (p<0.05) verbeter. Die landgroep het betekenisvolle (p<0.05) verbetering in die piek konsentriese plofkrag met die Fitrodyne herhaalde spronge getoon. Aldrie groepe het betekenisvolle (p<0.01) verbetering getoon in die Sergeant vertikale sprong. Geen groep se spoed het verbeter nie. Slegs die kontrolegroep se staande verspring het statisties betekenisvol verbeter. Land-gebaseerde pliometriese oefening kan moontlik, vanuit ‘n funksionele oogpunt, ‘n beter oefenmodaliteit vir atlete wees. Watergebaseerde pliometriese oefening kan egter ook ‘n oefenmodaliteit vir sport wat plofkrag vereis, soos rugby, wees. Watergebaseerde pliometriese oefening behoort nie land-gebaseerde pliometriese oefening te vervang nie, omdat dit moontlik nie aan die spesifieke neuromuskulêre patrone en funksionele behoeftes van eksplosiewe sport voldoen nie.
Books on the topic "Rugby union training methods"
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Strength training for Rugby League and Rugby Union. Kenthurst: Kangaroo Press, 1990.
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Rugby union manual. Newbury Park, CA: Haynes North America Inc, 2008.
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Rugby Union: Technique Tactics Training (Crowood Sports Guides). Ramsbury, UK: Crowood Press, 2009.
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Union, Rugby Football, ed. Rugby Union: The official guide to playing the game. 2nd ed. Sparkford, [England]: Haynes, 2012.
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How to improve at rugby. Great Britain: Ticktock Media Limited, 2006.
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Wood, David. A comparative investigation into rugby union coaching methods with particular reference to coaching in New Zealand and Wales. Cardiff: S.G.I.H.E., 1985.
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Sellin, Burkart. Antizipation von Berufs- und Qualifikationsentwicklungen: Empfehlungen und Schlussfolgerungen aufgrund einer Untersuchung neuer, innovativer Methoden und Instrumente in der Europäischen Union = Anticipating occupational and qualificational developments : recommendations and conclusions based on a review of recent innovations in methods and instruments applied in the European Union. Luxemburg: Amt für amtliche Veröffentlichungen der Europäischen Gemeinschaften, 2001.
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Publishings, Sporttagebücher. Rugby Union Sporttagebuch: Dokumentiere Dein Rugby Union Training Trainingstagebuch and Logbuch Trainingsjournal Mit 120 Seiten. Independently Published, 2019.
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Stuart, Biddle, ed. Get ready for Rugby Union: A complete training programme. Marlborough: Crowood, 1989.
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New Zealand Rugby Football Union., ed. Rugby: A guide for teachers, coaches, and players. 2nd ed. Wellington, N.Z: Govt. Print. Office, Pub., 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rugby union training methods"
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Couderc, Anthony, and Franck Brocherie. "Training women’s rugby union and sevens." In Women in Rugby, 45–58. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Women, sport and physical activity: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005544-6.
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Millward, Jason M., João S. Periquito, Paula Ramos Delgado, Christian Prinz, Thoralf Niendorf, and Sonia Waiczies. "Preparation of Ex Vivo Rodent Phantoms for Developing, Testing, and Training MR Imaging of the Kidney and Other Organs." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 75–85. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_5.
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AbstractHere we describe a simple and inexpensive protocol for preparing ex vivo rodent phantoms for use in MR imaging studies. The experimental animals are perfused and fixed with formaldehyde, and then wrapped with gauze and sealed with liquid latex. This yields a phantom that preserves all organs in situ, and which avoids the need to keep fixed animals and organs in containers that have dimensions very different from living animals. This is especially important for loading in MR detectors, and specifically the RF coils, they are usually used with. The phantom can be safely stored and conveniently reused, and can provide MR scientists with a realistic phantom with which to establish protocols in preparation for preclinical in vivo studies—for renal, brain, and body imaging. The phantom also serves as an ideal teaching tool, for trainees learning how to perform preclinical MRI investigations of the kidney and other target organs, while avoiding the need for handling living animals, and reducing the total number of animals required.This protocol chapter is part of the PARENCHIMA initiative “MRI Biomarkers for CKD” (CA16103), a community-driven Action of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Pohlmann, Andreas, Susan J. Back, Andrea Fekete, Iris Friedli, Stefanie Hectors, Neil Peter Jerome, Min-Chi Ku, et al. "Recommendations for Preclinical Renal MRI: A Comprehensive Open-Access Protocol Collection to Improve Training, Reproducibility, and Comparability of Studies." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 3–23. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_1.
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AbstractRenal MRI holds incredible promise for making a quantum leap in improving diagnosis and care of patients with a multitude of diseases, by moving beyond the limitations and restrictions of current routine clinical practice. Clinical and preclinical renal MRI is advancing with ever increasing rapidity, and yet, aside from a few examples of renal MRI in routine use, it is still not good enough. Several roadblocks are still delaying the pace of progress, particularly inefficient education of renal MR researchers, and lack of harmonization of approaches that limits the sharing of results among multiple research groups.Here we aim to address these limitations for preclinical renal MRI (predominantly in small animals), by providing a comprehensive collection of more than 40 publications that will serve as a foundational resource for preclinical renal MRI studies. This includes chapters describing the fundamental principles underlying a variety of renal MRI methods, step-by-step protocols for executing renal MRI studies, and detailed guides for data analysis. This collection will serve as a crucial part of a roadmap toward conducting renal MRI studies in a robust and reproducible way, that will promote the standardization and sharing of data.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Lipscombe, Trevor Davis. "Calculations with Constraints: Multiply and Divide by Numbers with Specific Properties." In Quick(er) Calculations, 81–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852650.003.0008.
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This chapter presents the techniques need to multiply or divide two numbers that have a particular property. It also introduces concepts such as twin primes and powerful numbers, and shows the classic proof that there are infinitely many primes. Applications include the size of sheets of paper, the radioactivity of bananas, the dimensions of a rugby union playing field, and the units of time and length proposed by Thomas Jefferson. The methods shown here apply mostly to numbers below, or slightly above 100. As they depend on properties of numbers, there is a need to employ pattern-spotting skills; some hints are provided.
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Pucci, Molly. "Introduction." In Security Empire, 1–22. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300242577.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the arguments and case studies examined in the book. It explains the social and political context in which the Polish, Czechoslovak, and East German secret police forces were created, the common experiences of the officer corps of these institutions in the Comintern and Second World War, and the training of the rank-and-file during the Stalinist terror in each country. It argues that the transfer of secret police institutions from the Soviet Union to the countries of East Europe should be understood as a process of translation that considers not only ideology, but also language, political culture, laws, and methods of policing.
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Ivaniuk, Hanna, and Yevhen Antypin. "TEACHER TRAINING IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY CHANGES: EDUCATIONAL REQUESTS AND CHALLENGES." In Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of modern scientific research. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-195-4-26.
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The article, based on the results of the study of the collective theme «Psychological and pedagogical support of personal and professional development of future teachers in the implementation of new educational standards», highlights the main directions of modernization of future teachers to raise it to the best world standards. Theoretical and practical achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists are analyzed and generalized, which allowed to systematize the strategic directions of teacher training in the postmodern era. According to the logic of the research, the goal is to analyze and substantiate theories and effective practices of teacher training, clarify anthropocentric, axiological, technological, innovative concepts of the new teacher training strategy and characterize their multidimensionality. The essential features of the concepts of teacher training in the conditions of indefinite changes are specified. A set of methods was used to solve the goals and objectives, namely, general scientific: analysis, synthesis, comparison to clarify the conceptual and terminological apparatus and the development of the research process; constructive-genetic – to clarify the purpose, objectives, content and features of the organization of the process of teacher training in conditions of uncertain changes; comparative analysis – in order to identify productive changes in the training of teachers in foreign countries, in particular those that are members of the European Union and can be adapted in the educational space of Ukraine; hermeneutic – for a new reading and interpretation of scientific positions on this issue by Ukrainian and foreign researchers of different years. According to the results of theoretical analysis, internal and external challenges have been identified and highlighted, which necessitate changes in the training of teachers at different levels: conceptual, organizational and technological. The paper presents and characterizes innovative models of education that prove their ability to develop in today’s globalized educational space. The priority of the axiological dominant of the process of teacher training is established, which is based on homocentric priorities, preparation for the life of a happy person, personal development of the culture of environments and humanistic pedagogy. The concept of «personal and professional growth of future teachers» is specified and characterized, which we consider as: expediently organized process of forming personal and professional qualities of a teacher, ability and readiness for self-development to produce new ideas and ways. In the process of studying a significant theoretical and empirical array of information, substantiates the essence and structure of personal-professional strategy of teacher training, describes its components, namely: value-motivational, procedural-research, reflective, skills of the XXI century. The complex task of combining pedagogical theory and training practices of teachers capable of solving pedagogical, psychological and cultural functions, ready to change the goals of human education in a globalized space. The multi-vector nature of personal and professional development of future teachers in the educational process of higher education is highlighted. On the basis of the comparative analysis the productive achievements of foreign pedagogical thought and practice in the context of search of innovative ways of preparation of teachers in the conditions of indefinite changes are covered. The generalizations presented in the article can be used for further scientific and practical research.
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"Aspects and the Context for the Research." In Dyslexia and Accessibility in the Modern Era, 101–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4267-5.ch007.
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The literacy portal was created by the international and interdisciplinary team with the financial support of the European Union in the context of ICT Program, 7th framework – ICT-2011.5.5 (288596). The project aimed at the creation of a modern online portal for training of the reading technique and understanding, the effective usage of the internet environment in daily life, and the creation of the social communities of the users. The researchers used the mixed strategy of the research side by side with the triangulation methods from the analysis of documents, web pages content through the focus groups, user testing to the surveys. The portal was created using the rules of the human-centered design (HCD) approach. The initial steps in the HCD process specify that you need to start with the analysis of future users through article research, analysis of the current web application for the same target audience, and through personal interviews with people with dyslexia. The authors extracted and described the possible tasks for the literacy portal based on the information.
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Ragusa, Angela T., and Emma Steinke. "Studying Locally, Interacting Globally." In Computer-Mediated Communication across Cultures, 344–68. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-833-0.ch022.
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The general trend towards freely circulating capital, goods and services, coupled with changes in the openness of labour markets, has translated into growing demands for an international dimension of education and training. Indeed, as world economies become increasingly inter-connected, international skills have grown in importance for operating on a global scale. Globally oriented firms seek internationally-competent workers versed in foreign languages and having mastered basic inter-cultural skills to successfully interact with international partners. Governments as well as individuals are looking to higher education to play a role in broadening students’ horizons and allowing them to develop a deeper understanding of the world’s languages, cultures and business methods. One way for students to expand their knowledge of other societies and languages, and hence leverage their labour market prospects, is to study in tertiary educational institutions in countries other than their own. Several OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] governments – especially in countries of the European Union (EU) – have set up schemes and policies to promote mobility as a means of fostering intercultural contacts and building social networks for the future. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2009, p. 310)
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Belvadi, Anilkumar. "A Pedagogical Testament." In Missionary Calculus, 124–41. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052423.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 describes the efforts of American missionaries in putting together a philosophy of education for the new institution they intended to create in India. Since their views, materials, and organizational model were borrowed from the American experience, the chapter first reviews the functioning of the Sunday school in America. Between 1827 and 1838, beginning in Massachusetts, public schools came to be secularized. With the teaching of the Bible effectively proscribed in public schools, the American Sunday School Union, organized in 1824 and supported by several Protestant denominations, found that by 1838, it was obliged to work outside of the public-school system. As an institution dedicated to Christian and moral education, and, around the time of the Civil War as a public counseling center, it enjoyed broad support. By 1872, American Sunday school leaders had created a bureaucratized organization patterned after the very secular forces they had fought, as well as an elaborate seven-year curriculum, the Uniform International Lesson System. American missionaries imported these into India. They soon found, however, that their system could not be implemented in toto in the Indian context given the “heathen” home backgrounds of Indian children and the absence of suitably trained teachers. The chapter discusses missionary thinking on reaching out to the youngest children, using the latest “universal,” “scientific,” child-education and teacher-training methods, and locating all that was “modern” in the Bible itself. Creating a “philosophy of childhood,” and an institution with “form and system,” Sunday school missionaries transformed themselves into professional educators.
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Ragusa, Angela T., and Emma Steinke. "Studying Locally, Interacting Globally." In Cross-Cultural Interaction, 1082–106. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4979-8.ch061.
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This chapter uses findings from an online survey of international onshore undergraduate and postgraduate students enrolled in an Australian university in 2009 to critically examine and compare their expectations, experiences, and levels of satisfaction. This research yielded a plethora of unique and vital concerns that were further affected by variables such as students’ age and geographic location in regional/rural versus metropolitan areas. Moreover, the results of this study, in turn, can offer educators important initial insights they can then use to develop online educational materials or online courses for such internationally diverse groups of students. This chapter argues the gap between expectations and experiences requires further attention if the delivery of academic excellence to students from divergent cultural backgrounds, with different language skills and varying social norms is to be achieved within an environment that supports and reflects cultural diversity. The chapter also provides suggestions on how such factors can and should be addressed when devising online educational materials and environments for such students. The general trend towards freely circulating capital, goods and services, coupled with changes in the openness of labour markets, has translated into growing demands for an international dimension of education and training. Indeed, as world economies become increasingly inter-connected, international skills have grown in importance for operating on a global scale. Globally oriented firms seek internationally-competent workers versed in foreign languages and having mastered basic inter-cultural skills to successfully interact with international partners. Governments as well as individuals are looking to higher education to play a role in broadening students’ horizons and allowing them to develop a deeper understanding of the world’s languages, cultures and business methods. One way for students to expand their knowledge of other societies and languages, and hence leverage their labour market prospects, is to study in tertiary educational institutions in countries other than their own. Several OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] governments – especially in countries of the European Union (EU) – have set up schemes and policies to promote mobility as a means of fostering intercultural contacts and building social networks for the future. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2009, p. 310)
Conference papers on the topic "Rugby union training methods"
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Paul, Cameron, Tom Campbell, Stuart Yule, Jack Walsh, Russell Martindale, and Debbie Palmer. "114 The influence of training volume on training and match injury risk in elite Scottish rugby union players." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.107.
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Bailey, Stuart, Russell Martindale, Lars Engebretsen, Jen Sweeting, Jared Deacon, Florence Laing, Chris Leck, and Debbie Palmer. "010 Effects of a strength and proprioceptive training programme on neck function and concussion injury risk in elite scottish rugby union players." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.9.
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West, Stephen, Sean Williams, Dario Cazzola, Matthew Cross, Simon Kemp, and Keith Stokes. "082 Training load and other risk factors for soft tissue injury risk in professional rugby union: a 13 team, 2-season study of 383 injuries." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.78.
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Crivisqui, Eduardo, Stefano Abruzzini, and Carlos Marcos Batista. "How to overcome the gap between the available statistical methods and their effective use by researchers in social sciences. A few thoughts about the experience in the PRESTA programme." In Training Researchers in the Use if Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.00402.
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PRESTA is a training programme in applied statistics for teachers and researchers in South American universities, sponsored by the European Union, which started in 1994. It was intended to make a convergent presentation of "exploratory data analysis" (in the Anglo-Saxon tradition) and " data analysis" (in the French tradition) to a "critical mass" of users. The seminars organised in its first quinquennium were attended by 2,500 researchers and teachers from about 300 universities. Working in the field, we soon realised the importance of the distance between the currently available statistical methods and their effective and potential uses. Therefore, the research programme is focused on the pedagogical contents and the institutional components of this "gap". In this paper, we summarise our experience with regard to the main factors that led to this situation and the strategies developed to solve it.
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Rudusans, Gints, and Gatis Vitols. "Machine learning methods for classification of sensitive data." In Research for Rural Development 2021 : annual 27th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.046.
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In the era of Big Data there are a lot of new challenges – understanding, processing, and securing the data, assuring data quality, dealing with data growth and other challenges. One of the challenges is to identify and classify data sets in different systems which must follow the conditions defined by different regulations. The classification of these data sets can be automated using machine learning methods. The aim of the research is to provide machine learning methods for classifying sensitive data. The research is based on analysis and comparison of European Union legislation and scientific literature, which addresses issues of data classification using machine learning methods. Special attention is paid to sensitive data defined by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The main focus in this research is on supervised learning algorithms, where one of the most effective is Naïve Bayes classifier. In order to achieve good results, there is a need to find a proper training data set. Usage of hybrid methods provides a new way for increasing performance of classifiers.
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Chrysilla, Grace. "Accuracy Improvement Methods to a Deep Neural Network Model in Computer Vision." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17496.
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This paper covers machine learning approaches to improve the accuracy of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference in computer vision, particularly in image segmentation. A few benefits of object recognition aided by computer vision is to help aircraft crew avoid adversaries in various weather conditions, to offload the crew's attention from finding desired objects as well as estimating the position of those objects throughout missions. Since DNN inference is trained without explicit programming, it is challenging to precisely locate its sub-optimality when it performs less accurate prediction. This paper explores three machine learning approaches that improve a DNN model prediction accuracy: 1) Prediction result analysis using the author's original work called Directional Pixel Delta as well as Jaccard's Intersection over Union (IoU) loss function 2) Bayesian optimization hyper-parameter tuning 3) Training data optimization via Bootstrap Aggregating.
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AHMED, HABIB, HUNG MANH LA, and ALIREZA TAVAKOLLI. "USE OF DEEP ENCODER-DECODER NETWORK FOR SUB-SURFACE INSPECTION AND EVALUATION OF BRIDGE DECKS." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36334.
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The automation of various processes underlying maintenance and inspection of bridges using different robots have gained considerable attention in recent literature. For the development of effective methods to automate existing manual processes, a number of different solutions have been proposed. In this paper, the automation of rebar detection and localization will be discussed, which is one of the process for sub-surface health inspection of bridges. This study explores the utilization of Deep Encoder- Decoder Networks for the segmentation of GPR data in the form of B-scan images to extract parabolic rebar profiles. This research area is problematic, as the B-scan image data is fraught with noise, signal reflection and other artefacts that hinder the effective extraction of these rebar profiles. The data is collected in this study using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) sensor, which is employed in this study consist of data from 8 different bridges from different parts of the United States. A “leave-one-out” approach was used for the training and validation of the performance of the proposed system; the data from seven bridges was used for training and validation was performed on the remaining single bridge data. A number of different encoder modules have been trained and evaluated using SegNet as the backbone architecture. The performance of the proposed rebar detection and localization system has been evaluated in terms of different qualitative and quantitative metrics. On average, for the different encoder modules, the mean intersection-over-union (mIOU) values range between 60%-70%. The qualitative examination has highlighted the level of similarity between the ground truth and outputs from the different encoder modules within the SegNet framework.
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Nuere, Silvia, Adela Acitores Suz, Laura de Miguel, Esperanza Macaren Ruiz Gómez, Eugenio Bargueño, Brezo Alcoceba, and Manuel Carmona. "“Network Design” a Multidisciplinary Project to Raise Awareness of the Indiscriminate Use of Plastics." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.55.
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The University is a meeting place for the transmission of knowledge, but the fact of being able to transmit values that complement student’s training is beyond the exchange of information. Through the call for educational innovation projects, we have the possibility of carrying out actions aimed at solving specific problems by applying innovative methodologies. In 2019, at the High Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design (ETSIDI) from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), a project was awarded in collaboration with the High Technical School of Architecture (ETSAM-UPM), the IADE School of Design, the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), the Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), as well as the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). The project, called Network Design, is framed in the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) environment, applying active approach methods to the problem of the indiscriminate use of plastics. We must promote in the students’ skills they will need later in their professional life. Considering that students of different degrees are used to working with problem learning methodology, we think that an approach should be given that goes beyond obtaining a tangible product. The proposal presented is based on the reuse of food container nets as an essential material to create an object, being a design product, a drawing, or a painting. The “Network” union with other universities encourages the work to be truly multidisciplinary and interuniversity, and that each participant collaborates to spread the project more widely by combining the different ways of tackling the same problem. It will seek to create harmony between the point of view of the materials’ specialist, the landscape painter, the set designer, the fashion designer, the industrial and product designer, and the interior designer. We look for different creation approaches with a common purpose that revalues each plastic. The motto is making beauty from the uselessness and one of the most important objective is encouraging awareness about the indiscriminate use of plastics through a design or an artistic approach.
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Muñoz, David. "New strategies in proprioception’s analysis for newer theories about sensorimotor control." In Systems & Design 2017. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/sd2017.2017.6903.
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Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. 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