Academic literature on the topic 'Rugby League'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rugby League"
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Cottle, Drew, and Angela Keys. "The Blindside Flick: Race and Rugby League." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v2i2.1406.
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The issue of race was virtually beyond the touchline in Australian rugby league before the 1960s. It was a white man’s game. Institutionalised racism meant that few Aboriginal men played rugby league at the highest professional level. It is now presumed that race and racism has no place in a game where these questions have been historically ‘out of bounds’. The dearth of critical writing in rugby league history indicates that racism in the sport has been subject to a form of social blindness and deemed unworthy of study. Rugby league’s white exclusionist past and the denial of racism in the present era indicate habits of mind which may be described in league argot as the ‘blindside flick’.
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Denham, David. "Global and Local Influences on English Rugby League." Sociology of Sport Journal 21, no. 2 (June 2004): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.21.2.206.
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This article discusses some of the features of globalization, focusing primarily on the local/global relationship. By restructuring, commodifying, and franchising a highly localized sport, Rugby League, Rupert Murdoch’s media conglomerate, News Corporation, attempted to create a more geographically dispersed sport in order to capitalize on its monopoly on the broadcasting of Rugby League games. This article describes the role of News Corporation and argues that this strategy has not been successful because of the influence of local cultural factors and the absence of local resources in areas new to Rugby League. As a result, Rugby League’s recent plans for future geographical expansion have taken the shape of a top-down, global, media-led initiative that includes the need to stimulate local bases of expansion.
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Woods, Carl T., Anthony S. Leicht, Ben Jones, and Kevin Till. "Game-play characteristics differ between the European Super League and the National Rugby League: Implications for coaching and talent recruitment." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (July 11, 2018): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118788449.
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Objectives To compare the game-play characteristics between the European Super League and the National Rugby League competitions. Methods Eleven team performance indicators were extracted from each match played by every European Super League and National Rugby League team over their respective 2016 season. Data were averaged, classified according to competition (two levels: European Super League and National Rugby League) and modelled using univariate and multivariate techniques. Specifically, effect size statistics enabled between group comparisons, while non-metric multidimensional scaling enabled multivariate insights into competition dissimilarity. Results Seven of the 11 performance indicators showed ‘large’ to ‘very large’ effects. Notably, National Rugby League game-play generated fewer ‘line breaks’, ‘errors’, ‘tackles’ and ‘dummy half runs’ relative to European Super League game-play ( d > 1.2). Despite the National Rugby League generating fewer ‘all runs’ ( d = 1.27 [0.57–1.95]), game-play in this competition generated greater ‘all run distances’ relative to the European Super League ( d = 1.78 [1.02–2.51]). Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed clear multivariate competition dissimilarity, with European Super League and National Rugby League teams orienting distinctive positions on the ordination surface. Further, there was a greater spread in the relative positioning of National Rugby League teams compared to European Super League teams, indicating greater team dissimilarity within the National Rugby League. Conclusions Our observations may be explained by differing competition rule interpretations, in addition to differing game strategies and player skill capabilities. Both coaches and talent recruitment managers associated with these competitions may consider our data to assist with the identification and recruitment of suitable players from these respective competitions.
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Brown, Scott R., Matt Brughelli, Peter C. Griffiths, and John B. Cronin. "Lower-Extremity Isokinetic Strength Profiling in Professional Rugby League and Rugby Union." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 2 (March 2014): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0129.
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Purpose:While several studies have documented isokinetic knee strength in junior and senior rugby league players, investigations of isokinetic knee and hip strength in professional rugby union players are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide lower-extremity strength profiles and compare isokinetic knee and hip strength of professional rugby league and rugby union players.Participants:32 professional rugby league and 25 professional rugby union players.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque and strength ratios of the dominant and nondominant legs during seated knee-extension/flexion and supine hip-extension/flexion actions at 60°/s.Results:Forwards from both codes were taller and heavier and had a higher body-mass index than the backs of each code. Rugby union forwards produced significantly (P < .05) greater peak torque during knee flexion in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.81 and 2.02) compared with rugby league forwards. Rugby league backs produced significantly greater hip-extension peak torque in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 0.83 and 0.77) compared with rugby union backs. There were no significant differences in hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios between code, position, or leg. Rugby union forwards and backs produced significantly greater knee-flexion-to-hip-extension ratios in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.49–2.26) than rugby union players.Conclusions:It seems that the joint torque profiles of players from rugby league and union codes differ, which may be attributed to the different demands of each code.
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Kuchar, Robert, and Andy Martin. "The Comparison of Competitive Balance between Super Rugby (Sanzar) and English Premiership Rugby: A Case Study from 1996-2014 Season or Not Attractive – No People – No Money." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijek-2016-0009.
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Abstract Most sports are attractive because they are almost unpredictable. The more the competitiveness of league teams, the harder to predict the games and as a result, that league will be more attractive. Message is: more attractive leagues= bigger audience= more attractive for sponsorship= more money in sport. Competitive balance (CB) refers to the balance in sport capabilities of teams. The aim of this paper was to compare the competitive balance between Super Rugby league named SANZAR, which consist of three nations (New Zealand, Australia and South Africa) and English Premiership Rugby League in 1996-2014 seasons and compare them. The data were secondary and collected from the final tables. It was used five models in this study: the three-club and five-club concentration ratio (C3 and C5) and C3/C5 index of competitive balance (C3ICB/C5ICB) were used to analyse the data. The less the index C3ICB/C5ICB and C3/C5 are, the more competitive balance is, and conversely. Standard deviation of game results, the ratio of actual and ideal standard deviation wins, numbers of winners and a placement in the k-th place. The results showed that the Salary cap in Premiership League does not work very effectively and the competitive balance is in last few seasons still worst and worst. Super Rugby has mirror position to Premiership. Last few years are the competitive balance on the right track. Comparison result is for Super Rugby strategy with involving more teams to the league.
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Denham, David. "Modernism and Postmodernism in Professional Rugby League in England." Sociology of Sport Journal 17, no. 3 (September 2000): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.17.3.275.
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This paper is concerned with the application of the idea of postmodernism to explain the rapid changes that have occurred in Rugby League in England since 1995 (Rugby League became the name given to a breakaway code of rugby and is distinct from another version of the sport called Rugby Union). Over a period of a few days in April 1995, News Corporation executives and Rugby League officials set up a new “Super League” in a deal involving millions of pounds that gave News Corporation sole television rights. The state of Rugby League before 1995 is discussed, and recent changes in the marketing, ownership of clubs, and the rationalization and franchising of the sport are described. It is argued that the idea of postmodern society neglects changes in the sport that can be associated with the extension of rationalization and capitalist relations more typically associated with modernity, although the increasing commodification of the sport is changing its culture in ways that support some theories of postmodern culture.
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Dabscheck, Braham. "Rugby League and the Union Game." Journal of Industrial Relations 35, no. 2 (June 1993): 242–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569303500203.
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The Association of Rugby League Professionals came to prominence when it achieved a legal victory which thwarted an attempt by the New South Wales Rugby League to introduce an internal draft, a labour market arrangement which reduced the employment and economic freedom of rugby league players. This article provides a history of the association from its origins in the late 1970s through to the draft case and more recent developments. The article presents information on player associations overseas and in Australia, and examines the origins, structure and organization, and various activities of the association. In so doing it provides information on the various labour market rules which have been used in rugby league, and examines the legal, economic and industrial relations dimensions of not only rugby league, but also other professional sporting competitions in Australia and overseas.1
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Gibbs, Nathan. "Common Rugby League Injuries." Sports Medicine 18, no. 6 (December 1994): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199418060-00007.
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Hoskins, W., H. Pollard, K. Hough, and C. Tully. "Injury in rugby league." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 9, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.013.
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Gabbett, Tim J., and Nathan Domrow. "Risk Factors for Injury in Subelite Rugby League Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 3 (March 2005): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504268407.
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Background Although player fatigue and playing intensity have been suggested to contribute to injuries in rugby league players, no study has confirmed if the level of physical fitness is a risk factor for injury in rugby league players. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for injury in subelite rugby league players. Hypothesis Low physical fitness levels are risk factors for injury in subelite rugby league players. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods One hundred fifty-three players from a subelite rugby league club underwent preseason measurements of muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10- and 40-m sprint), and maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test) over 4 competitive seasons. All injuries sustained by players were prospectively recorded over the 4 competitive seasons. Results The risk of injury was greater in players with low 10- and 40-m speed. Players with a low maximal aerobic power had a greater risk of sustaining a contact injury. In addition, players who completed less than 18 weeks of training before sustaining their initial injuries were at greater risk of sustaining a subsequent injury. Conclusions Subelite rugby league players with low speed and maximal aerobic power are at an increased risk of injury. In addition, players who complete less than 18 weeks of training before sustaining an initial injury are at greater risk of sustaining a subsequent injury. These findings highlight the importance of speed and endurance training to reduce the incidence of injury in subelite rugby league players.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rugby League"
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Johnston, Richard. "Fatigue and pacing in rugby league players." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/ef517eecaf093a2ab0cd677b5a5b11ec830dc5257e6e4a14825f6b57e6aa3fea/3600843/201512_Richard_Johnston.pdf.
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Players from a number of team sports such as soccer, Australian rules football, and rugby league adopt pacing strategies during match-play in order to successfully complete match tasks without causing the failure of any single physiological system. Whilst these pacing strategies are influenced by numerous factors, it is currently unclear how physical qualities, physical contact, and time between matches influence pacing strategies. Given the frequency of physical collisions during match-play and the close link between physical qualities and success in rugby league, it is important to determine the impact they have on running intensities and pacing strategies employed by players. In addition, when players have little time to recover between matches, such as during a tournament, they may alter their pacing strategies to manage the fatigue that could occur across the period of congested fixtures. The demanding nature of competition results in players experiencing perceptual and physical fatigue that persists for a number of days following rugby league competition. Although the time course of the fatigue responses are well understood, little is known as to how fatigue impacts match activities and whether the fatigue response can be modified. Previous research has shown positive correlations between physical contact and markers of muscle damage; however as collisions make up a large proportion of the game, further work is required to determine the true cause and effect of physical contact. Although post-match fatigue is inevitable, various recovery interventions (e.g. ice baths, active recovery, compression garments) are often employed in an attempt to accelerate the recovery process. Despite this, the efficacy of many of these strategies has often been questioned. Given that well-developed physical qualities are associated with reduced transient fatigue and can be easily improved via training, it would appear important to determine the impact various physical qualities have on the fatigue response to match-play. With this in mind, the overall aims of this thesis were to determine the impact of physical contact, physical qualities, and periods of congested fixtures on pacing strategies and markers of fatigue and muscle damage in rugby league players. The thesis comprised 9 individual studies divided into two separate, yet interlinking themes. The first theme focused on player workloads, pacing strategies, and match intensities; the second on the fatigue response to these physical demands. Studies 1-3 investigated the influence of contact on subsequent running performance as well as the relationship with aerobic fitness and strength qualities. We found that performing contact within small-sided games leads to greater reductions in running performance as players employ a pacing strategy that prioritises the maintenance of contact efforts over running efforts. Increasing the contact demands leads to further reductions in running intensities. Subsequent studies also confirmed these findings, highlighting that there were greater reductions in running intensities during small-sided games following contact dominant repeated-effort activity as opposed to following running dominant activity. In Theme 2, we investigated the impact of physical contact on fatigue and muscle damage. The addition of physical contact to small-sided games resulted in upper-body fatigue as well as larger increases in blood creatine kinase compared to following non-contact small-sided games. In addition, we also found that increased running loads resulted in greater lower-body fatigue, whereas increased contact loads lead to increased upper-body fatigue. These data indicate that performing physical contact leads to larger increases in muscle damage and upper-body fatigue compared to exercise involving no contact. Furthermore, the location of fatigue sustained (e.g. upper- or lower-body) is sensitive to the activity performed. In Theme 2 we also investigated the fatigue response during an intensified competition and explored the relationship between fatigue and match activities. Increased creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage, was related to reductions in match activities. Exploring the relationships between physical fitness, match activities and post-match fatigue response following both single matches and during a tournament provided some interesting results. We found players with well-developed physical qualities had higher work-rates, which could be maintained over a number of games, as well as less post-match fatigue. This suggests that physical qualities offer a protective effect against post-match fatigue.
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Ward, Jonathan B. "Behind enemy lines: using oppositional data to measure relative match performance in elite women's rugby league." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404165.
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Background: Rugby league is a contact sport played by men, women, and wheelchair athletes. In 2020 there were forty-five member nations, with men’s professional leagues in both the northern and southern hemisphere. Research has primarily focused on the male athlete and examined the physical, technical, and tactical differences between playing level, starters vs nonstarters, playing position, and successful and non-successful teams. The research is utilised by practitioners (Coaches, S&C Coaches, Sports Scientists, Physiotherapists etc) to apply evidence-based approaches to optimise athlete performance. However, applying the research of male athletes to women’s sport is inaccurate, due to differences in their physical ability, technical skills, and game tactics used. Female athletes make up the fastest growing contingent of rugby league players yet the research in female rugby league is scarce. It is therefore the goal of this project to provide new insight into women’s rugby league and utilise a novel analytical approach. This project examines the movement profiles (GPS metrics) and performance indicators of teams in the Australian women’s elite rugby league competition, the NRLW, to determine which GPS metrics and performance indicators can predict points scoring and match outcome. Traditionally performance analysis is done with absolute sums of data (data averaged over an 80 minute game), yet with the data made available to this project, the analysis of opposing teams relative data (data relative to the opposition team both on a per minute basis, and score line difference) was conducted to determine if this approach could offer unique insight compared to traditional absolute data analysis.
Method: This study examined 117 players from the four NRLW clubs during the 2018 & 2019 NRLW seasons, with data collected using 10 Hz Optimeye S5 (Catapult) GPS units. The GPS metrics analysed were total distance (m); average speed (m.s); distance covered greater than 12 km∙h-1 (i.e. high-speed running (HSR); distance covered greater than 18 km∙h-1 (i.e. sprint distance; SD); and average acceleration load (total sum of accelerations performed). Technical performance indicators used were `All Running Metres’, ‘Tackles’, ‘Missed Tackles’, and ‘Tackle Breaks’. The technical performance indicators were analysed for a full match, and the GPS data analysed for the full match, and half by half. The analysis of oppositional data was separated into three separate steps: i) absolute sum of data vs absolute score (total points scored), ii) absolute sum of data vs relative score (difference in score line), iii) relative difference of metrics (% difference between teams per minute) vs relative score (difference in score line). Generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) were employed (R version 3.5.211).
Results: ‘All Running Metres’ was found to be the only significant performance indicators, and was related to positive points scoring and match outcomes. Although not significant ‘Tackles’ and ‘Missed Tackles’ negatively impacted points scoring. There were three GPS metrics found to be significant predictors of points scoring and match outcome. ‘Average High Speed’ and ‘Average Sprinting Speed’ had a positive relationship, whereas ‘Accelerations’ had a negative relationship, with points scoring and match outcome. Total distance was not a significant indicator of match outcome.
Discussion: The performance indicators of ‘All Running Metres’, ‘Average High Speed’, ‘Average Sprinting Speed’, and ‘Average Acceleration’ were found to be significant predictors of success. ‘All Running Metres’ was significant in the absolute and relative analysis, with the relative analysis finding ‘All Running Metres’ to be more influential than in the absolute analysis. This suggests having higher run metres relative to your opposition is more important than having a high total amount of ‘All Running Metres’. ‘Average Sprinting Speed’ was significant in the absolute and relative analysis, with ‘Average High Speed’ significant in the half by half relative analysis. These findings indicate that running at higher speeds relative to your opposition will contribute positively to match outcome. ‘Accelerations’ were significant in the half by half analysis of absolute values, and were negatively associated with match outcome. This suggests over the full duration of the game ‘Accelerations’ do not impact match outcome; however, within smaller periods of a match the disparity between oppositions ‘Accelerations’ may impact match outcome.
Conclusion: This study was the first to examine performance indicators in women’s rugby league, and identify which GPS and performance indicators metrics could explain points scored and match outcome. ‘All Running Metres’, ‘Average High Speed’, and ‘Average Sprinting Speed’ had a positive relationship with points scoring and match outcome. The relative analysis approach was able to provide more inference than the absolute analysis. The relative analysis highlighted the increased influence of each significant metric in points scoring opportunities and match outcomes. By identifying the technical and physical qualities related to success, coaches and athletes in women’s rugby league can design training programs to improve player performance; devise game tactics to exploit the opposition; and aid in talent identification and player recruitment of athletes who exhibit qualities that will contribute positively to match outcome.
Practical application: The findings support the training and development of attacking play and maximising possession; in addition to training and developing speed and identifying and recruiting players with these qualities. Defensive work should also be prioritised as our findings show that ‘Missed Tackles’ are negatively associated with match outcome.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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O'Keeffe, Lisa Ann. "The economic and financial effects of the introduction of Super League in Rugby League." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3161/.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of a unique experiment by the Rugby Football League, to apply the American professional team sports model to its game, making it the first British sport ever to attempt this. It investigates the economic, financial and social changes, which have occurred within the sport of rugby league, since the introduction of the 'Super League'. The adoption of the American professional team sports model is based on increasing the uncertainty of outcome of games in order to ensure profit maximisation of the clubs. This has raised a number of issues, pertaining to both the game of rugby league itself, the difference between American and British sport, and the ever increasing effect of television revenues and mass media on sport. The adaptation of the model by rugby league officials has resulted in decisive changes to the way the game is played and how the Rugby Football League is run. A change to three divisions from two, the introduction of a 'Super League' copying football's Premiership and a switch from the traditional winter game to a summer season has taken place. Also critical has been the move from terrestrial to satellite television and the effect of this move on network externalities that could influence the long-term future of the game. The £87million financial investment from Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation provided the catalyst for change, in exchange for the five-year exclusive broadcasting rights to the game. The American model was utilised in order to try and financially stabilise the league through the process of profit maximisation. The need for equilibrium within the league also led to the utilisation of various restrictive controls, all of which are common-place in the United States. After critically evaluating the relevant literature, attention is turned to testing the effect of the experiment of applying the American model to British Rugby League. A five-strand approach has been adopted using data both pre and post, the introduction of Super League, utilising nine, case study-clubs throughout the study. Firstly, any change in uncertainty of outcome was examined using the standard deviation of Win/Loss percentage adapted from the approach by Noll (1988) and Scully (1989). Demand for the live matches through attendance figures and broadcasting demand, using audience viewing data were examined. The third strand examines whether the predicted outcome of the American model, and increases in revenue and profit, have been achieved. Finally, two social surveys were carried out on three major stakeholder groups, club officials, players and supporters. The results indicate that the application of the American Professional Team Sports model to rugby league did not achieve the predicted outcome of increased uncertainty, attendance and ultimately, revenue. The reasons for this can be explained by the partial implementations of the model and non-market factors, which appear to be much more significant within British Rugby League than in American sports. The over-riding results suggest that regardless of structural or organisational changes, rugby league is destined to remain a northern minority sport.
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Baker, Daniel. "A series of studies on professional rugby league players." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0043.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Edith Cowan University, 2007."Including: 1. Testing and the relationship of upper body muscular strength, power, speed and strength-endurance to playing position and status in professional rugby league players; 2. Acute training methods that affect the development of upper body muscular power; and 3. Chronic adaptations - the nature, scope and methodology of long-term adaptations in upper body strength and power."--T.p. Submitted to the Faculty of Computing, Health and Science. Includes bibliographical references.
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Baker, Daniel G. "A series of studies on professional rugby league players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/3.
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Rugby league football is a popular game in Australia, which appears to rely heavily upon strength, power, speed and endurance due to the nature of the phyiscal contacts. In an effort to discern the importance of upper body strength, power speed and endurance to rugby league players a retrospective data analysis was performed. Three areas of investigation were: 1) the testing of upper body physical qualities of strength, power, speed and strength-endurance and their significance to playing status in the elite national first-division (NRL), second-division (SRL) and third-division (CRL), 2) the effect of acute training variable manipulations upon power output and 3) the nature, scope and magnitude of chronic adaptations in strength and power in a multi-year period in professional rugby league players.
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Sheldon, Gavin Lee. "Off-field management of Western Province Super League A rugby clubs." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/990.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyCurrently the performance of off-field managers of the Super League A rugby clubs is not at the required level, despite indicators that it plays a crucial role in the success of rugby clubs in the Western Province and in South Africa (SA). This study reviews and reports on the factors influencing off-field management of rugby clubs to understand management effectiveness and its importance to the success of the club. The review identified factors such as skills, competencies, strategic management, and other resources that are important for effective rugby club management, and reports on the need to develop and deploy adequate skills and resources to enhance rugby club management in the Western Province. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of effective management of rugby clubs. The purpose of the study was to investigate the off-field management skills, competencies, and resources for effective management of Super League (SL) A rugby clubs in the Western Province Rugby Football Union (WPRFU). Emanating from this investigation, recommendations were made to improve SL A rugby clubs’ off-field management performance. The methodology that was used included questionnaires that were completed by employees at the rugby clubs, either electronically or in written form. The results were analysed using SPSS version 21. The main findings were that the off-field management needs training to be effective, and therefore should deploy identified, well-trained employees to fill the gap created by partly-trained employees. The practical implication is that rugby clubs need to invest in the training and development of off-field employees for effective management of rugby clubs.
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Sykes, Dave. "The development of a novel rugby league match simulation protocol." Thesis, University of Chester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/253315.
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The effectiveness of recovery interventions following prolonged multiple sprint team sports matches has rarely been studied despite the potential for exercise-induced muscle damage to adversely affect training in the days following games. The lack of research related to this topic is probably owing to the wide variability that exists in the movement demands of players between matches and the impact that this has on the subsequent rate and magnitude of recovery which makes it difficult to detect meaningful differences when conducting research with small sample sizes. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to develop a rugby league-specific match simulation protocol that replicates the movement demands, physiological responses and subsequent recovery from matches in order to study the effectiveness of recovery interventions. Hence, two time-motion analysis studies were conducted using a semi-automated image recognition system to inform the development of the rugby league match simulation protocol (RLMSP). Whilst mean total distance covered over the duration of the match was 8,503 m, ball in play and stoppage work-to-rest ratios were 1:6.9 and 1:87.4, respectively, for all players. Furthermore, a significant decline in high and very high intensity running locomotive rates were observed between the initial and final 20 min periods of the match. Thus a RLMSP was devised to replicate the overall movement demands, intra-match fatigue and recovery from a senior elite rugby league match. Not only was there a low level of variability in the movement demands during the RLMSP over consecutive trials, but with the exception of creatine kinase, the rate and magnitude of recovery following the RLMSP was similar to that that has been published following competitive matches. Therefore, the RLMSP devised in this thesis may be a more appropriate research tool for assessing the effectiveness of recovery interventions following match related exercise than following actual match play.
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Parmar, Nimai. "Determining, scoring and presenting successful performance in professional rugby league." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/23235/.
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Performance indicators allow for the objective quantification of performance (Vogelbein, Nopp & Hokelmann, 2014). However, limited PI research for professional rugby league exists, with just one paper published (Woods, Sinclair and Robertson, 2017) although this was conducted on teams from the Australian elite competition, the NRL, with no similar attempts for Europe’s Super League competition. Therefore, this thesis aimed to identify robust indicators of success for professional rugby league teams in super league, which would subsequently allow performances to be scored and assessed graphically through performance profiles. Data from all 27 rounds of the 2012, 2013 and 2014 European Super League seasons were collected by Opta, amounting to 567 matches. Data for 45 action variables was extracted from spreadsheets using Visual Basic for Applications in Microsoft Excel (Excel, v2013, Microsoft Inc., Redmond, USA). To enable clear comparisons between winning and losing teams, draws (n=22) were excluded. Study 1 assessed twenty-four relative variables (home value minus away) using backwards logistic (match outcome) and linear (points difference) regression models alongside exhaustive Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) decision trees to identify performance indicators (PIs) and key performance indicators (KPIs). However, some variables which were thought to be important (as identified by previous literature) were removed from the analysis as they did not contribute to the model’s predictive ability as much as others thus calling into question the appropriateness of stepwise methods. Furthermore, unusual results were evident which lead to the conclusion that a suitable dimension reduction technique could be more appropriate to analyse large datasets with multiple variables that could be related to each other. Study 2 utilised principal component analysis to reduce 45 action variables into 10 orthogonal principle components. These components were analysed using backwards and enter methods in logistic and linear regression models alongside CHAID decision trees. This method provided a relevant guide on how teams could improve their performance by improving a collection of variables as opposed to traditional methods which described individual variables. Furthermore, the use of stepwise methods was argued to be less appropriate for sporting performances as some principal components that could relate to success may be removed. Results from both regression models indicated large variations on confidence intervals for beta coefficients and odds ratios, suggesting that the variation of a set of values are more representative of the data analysed, when assessing multiple teams. Therefore, idiographic assessments of performances were suggested to provide relevant information for practitioners, which can be lost through traditional nomothetic approaches, as evidenced in this study. Study 3 utilised the principle component scores to create idiographic performance profiles, according to match venue and match closeness. In addition, a case study was produced assessing two teams’ previous performances, prior to an upcoming game, providing a practical example of how practitioners could utilise this information in their respective environments. Although large variations were evident on profiles, it was suggested that team performances may never stabilise due to the unpredictability of complex sports involving multiple players like rugby league. However it was clear that idiographic profiles provided meaningful and informative assessments of performance which were arguably more relevant for practitioners compared to traditional nomothetic methods. Overall, this thesis facilitated a greater understanding of how rugby league teams perform in Super League, through the use of practical and relevant methodologies that can be utilised by practitioners and coaches who are constantly striving to improve sporting performance. Future research must consider the ‘theory-practice’ gap identified by McKenzie and Cushion (2013) in order to provide simple and relevant answers that practitioners require, which seems to be a principle that has remained elusive thus far.
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Evans, S. D. "Examining the physical demands of elite Rugby League match-play." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/8823/.
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The work undertaken from the studies in this thesis provides novel information in relation to the physical match demands of the European Super League (ESL) competition, focusing on a newly promoted ESL franchise. Specifically, this is the first work to examine the physical demands of competition for an entire squad of players across an entire competitive season in the ESL, the first to examine the physical demands of match-play over multiple longitudinal seasons, and the first to examine the effects of different between match recovery periods on the running demands for a large sample of ESL teams. Methodological work in this thesis has also highlighted the importance of quantifying and interpreting errors associated with GPS devices to quantify player movements and collisions. Chapter 4 examined the physical match demands for the newly promoted team over the entirety of a competitive season. Significant positional differences were evident, with Outside Backs (OB, 421 ± 89 m) and Pivots (PIV, 306 ± 108 m) performing more sprinting than Middle Unit Forwards (MUF, 185 ± 58 m) and Wide Running Forwards (296 ± 82 m). Conversely, MUF (35 ± 6) and WRF (36 ± 5) performed more collisions than PIV (23 ± 3) and OB (20 ± 3). Practitioners need to be aware of these differences when designing training and conditioning programmes for players. The high speed running (HSR) and number of collisions were greater for the newly promoted team than previously reported for higher ranked ESL teams, but are still lower than those experienced in the southern hemisphere National Rugby League (NRL). Chapter 5 examined the level of agreement between two different models of GPS device in measuring the total distance, and distance covered at high speed (> 5.0 m.s-1) in order that these could be examined in following chapters where two different models of device were used. The two devices showed acceptable levels of agreement in relation to specific analytical goals using positional data from Chapter 4 (total distance CV 0.8%, HSR CV 2.2%) and in relation to the differences between games won and lost at the elite level (mean bias [95% LoA] -0.29 m.min-1 [-1.6 m to 1.01 m.min-1] for total distance per minute, and 0.01 m.min-1 [-0.27 to 0.29 m.min-1] for HSR distance per minute)concluding the two devices could be used interchangeably to measure these parameters. Chapter 6 examined the physical demands of match-play for the newly promoted franchise over a three season period (2012-2014). There was an increase in the physical demands of competition in terms of the total distance coverer per minute (87.0 ± 2.4 m.min-1 – 96.6 ± 2.4 m.min-1), HSR distance covered per minute (6.3 ± 1.3 m.min-1 – 8.1 ± 0.5 m.min-1), and number of collisions per minute (0.43 ± 0.05 no.min-1 – 0.53 ± 0.04 m.min-1). These findings highlight that newly promoted teams need time to develop and adapt to the increasing demands of competition, which is a pertinent issue given the re-introduction of promotion and relegation from 2015. With the current structure, newly promoted teams will not have the chance to plan and develop over the long term, which could leads to teams spending over their means to attract the players required to keep them in the competition rather than focussing on long term player development. Chapter 7 examined the effectiveness of a wearable GPS device to automatically detect collision events during elite Rugby League match-play. The overall error of the device (19%) was associated with not correctly identifying a collision has occurred. Ball carries (97%) were more accurately detected than when compared to tackles (73%). First man tackles (83%) were more accurately detected than second man tackles (72%), and third man tackles (51%). This data suggests the microsensor device has the ability to automatically detect the majority of collision events in Rugby League match-play. However given the collision detection algorithm was originally developed for use in Rugby Union; this may need refinement for use in Rugby League, especially for detecting tackle events. Chapter 8 examined the effect of different between match recovery cycles (short, medium, and long) on the movement demands in subsequent matches on a larger sample of six elite ESL teams. Matches after a short turnaround were associated with greater HSR distance covered per minute of play (13.2 ± 6.9 m.min-1) than when compared to medium (11.6 ± 5.8 m.min-1) and long turnarounds (10.6 ± 5.6 m.min-1). Matches with long turnarounds were associated with increased low speed distance (< 3.8 m.s-1) covered per minute of play (84.8 ± 18.2 m.min-1) than both medium (79.3 ± 19.6 m.min-1) and short turnarounds (80.3 ± 17.7 m.min-1). The total distance covered per minute was only greater on a long turnaround (96.1 ± 16.9 m.min-1) when compared to a medium turnaround(72.9 ± 21.8 m.min-1). These data demonstrate that running performance is affected by the length of the between match recovery cycle, and coaches and conditioning staff working within the ESL should be mindful of these demands when developing recovery and training strategies for their players.
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King, Douglas Alistair. "Injuries in rugby league: Incidence, influences, tackles and return to play decisions." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/1007.
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Rugby league is an international collision sport. Players complete physically demanding activities such as running, tackling and passing which often result in musculoskeletal injuries. Injury rates increase as playing level increases. From 1999 to 2007 there were 42,754 rugby league claims costing Accident Compensation Corporation $48,704,704. Moderate to severe injury claims (MSC) represented 14% of these claims but 88% of costs. New Zealand Maori recorded significantly more injury claims and total injury entitlement costs than all other ethnic groups. Soft tissue MSC injuries were common (47%) for females. Concussions accounted for 70% of total rugby league injuries to the head while the knee represented 23% of total injury claims and 20% of injury costs. Neck and spine injuries accounted for 6% of total MSC injury claims but 16% of total MSC costs. In video analysis of 80 games at international, national and youth competition levels, 50% of tackles involved tacklers from behind the visual fields of the ball carrier, either two or three tacklers, and contact with the mid-torso or hip-thigh region. From the prospective injury analysis of one professional team over two consecutive years, tackle-related injuries occurred more to the ball carrier when tackled at shoulder or mid-torso height, in their blind vision, with two or more tacklers, and in the fourth quarter of matches. Tackle-related injury type and site varied by positional group. Hit-up forwards and outside backs recorded more tackle-related injuries as the ball carrier than the tackler. In the prospective study of 63 amateur rugby league players, 80% of players injured as a result of match or training activities saw a health professional as part of their rehabilitation. Team coaches asked players to return to rugby league activities in 28% of cases for training participation and 29% of cases for match participation. In the cross sectional study assessing 95 rugby league support personnel's first aid, injury prevention and concussion knowledge, only 2% achieved an 80% pass mark, 39% incorrectly stated loss of consciousness was required for concussion and only 24% of coaches had a rugby league coaching qualification. This PhD research has contributed knowledge regarding costs and characteristics of injuries to amateur rugby league participants analysed by ethnicity, gender, injury site and injury type. Changes in anthropometric characteristics and speed in regards to incidence of injury, characteristics of tackles in match situations and common tackling positions and positional groups where injuries occur, player perspectives on why they return from injury to participation in rugby league, and the lack of first aid knowledge for rugby league personnel, have all been described.
Books on the topic "Rugby League"
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Rugby League. London: Ward Lock, 1998.
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Cadigan, Neil. Rugby League yarns. Lane Cove, N.S.W: Dolphin Press, 2008.
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), Pocock Tony (Ed, ed. Rugby League yearbook. London: Kingswood Press, 1992.
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Becht, Richard. Power league. Auckland, N.Z: D. Bateman, 1995.
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Andrews, Malcolm. ABC of Rugby League. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books for the Australian Broadcasting Corp., 1995.
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Hillman, Robert. Rugby, union and league. Port Melbourne: Echidna, 2003.
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Huxley, John. Rugby League Challenge Cup. Enfield: Guinness, 1992.
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Coal, British, ed. The Rugby League yearbook. London: Kingswood Press, 1989.
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Smalley, R. W. Recollections of rugby league. Hull: College Press, 1999.
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David, Howes, ed. Rothman's Rugby League yearbook. London: Queen AnnePress, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rugby League"
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Marlin, Demelza, Nicholas Apoifis, and Andrew Bennie. "Danny Allende—Rugby League." In Aboriginal Sports Coaches, Community, and Culture, 57–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8481-7_12.
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Marlin, Demelza, Nicholas Apoifis, and Andrew Bennie. "Rod Broad—Rugby League." In Aboriginal Sports Coaches, Community, and Culture, 79–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8481-7_17.
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Marlin, Demelza, Nicholas Apoifis, and Andrew Bennie. "Bou Ovington—Rugby League." In Aboriginal Sports Coaches, Community, and Culture, 103–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8481-7_23.
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Marlin, Demelza, Nicholas Apoifis, and Andrew Bennie. "Phil Duncan—Rugby League." In Aboriginal Sports Coaches, Community, and Culture, 33–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8481-7_6.
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Harris, John. "Power Shifts: From League to Union." In Rugby Union and Globalization, 41–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289710_4.
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O’Leary, Leanne. "International Rugby Union." In Employment and Labour Relations Law in the Premier League, NBA and International Rugby Union, 265–87. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-159-3_10.
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O’Leary, Leanne. "The Premier League." In Employment and Labour Relations Law in the Premier League, NBA and International Rugby Union, 203–40. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-159-3_8.
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Riley, Jane. "Promoting Mental Well-being in Rugby League Communities." In Sports-Based Health Interventions, 189–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5996-5_15.
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Woods, Carl T., and Sam Robertson. "Is Playing at Home Really an Advantage? An Australian Football, Rugby League, and Rugby Union Perspective." In Home Advantage in Sport, 194–203. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003081456-21.
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Maonaigh, Aaron Ó. "‘In the Ráth Camp, rugby or soccer would not have been tolerated by the prisoners’: Irish Civil War attitudes to sport, 1922–3." In The League of Ireland, 36–46. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003357735-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rugby League"
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Patton, Declan, and Colin Huber. "460 Hits in rugby league: better never than late." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.421.
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Scott, Andrew, Johnpaul Caia, Riley Forbes, and Vincent Kelly. "Sleep disordered breathing and cephalometric predictors in an Australian rugby league team." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2345.
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Ineson, David, and Mark Anderson. "Understanding sporting fandom in social media: A UK perspective of professional Rugby League clubs." In 2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sai.2016.7556137.
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Sproston, Darren. "From Rugby League to Marriage Intrigue: Tracing the creative process from This Sporting Life to Epithalamion." In Roberto Gerhard (1896-1970): Re-appraising a Musical Visionary. University of Huddersfield, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5920/sportepithalamion.vid.
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Nichifor, Florin, Petruț-Florin Trofin, and Florentina-Petruța Martinaș. "Correlations Between Agility, Speed And Effort Capacity In Women's Soccer, Handball And Rugby." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/52.
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In team sports, the essential factors in achieving performance are represented by speed and agility, expressed in conditions of high intensity and high volume. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between speed, agility and effort in women's soccer, rugby and handball. At the same time, we want to compare these parameters in order to determine the profile for each discipline. The research analyzed 49 performance women athletes from the first leagues of Romania, divided into 3 groups: soccer, rugby and handball. To evaluate the speed we applied the 10 m test. Agility was assessed using samples 505 and 1001. Anaerobic effort capacity was assessed by the 8x10 + 10m and aerobic effort capacity by the VAM-Eval test. The Pearson correlation showed a direct relationship between 505 and 1001, for all groups. Significant correlations were shown between speed and agility, the effort capacity being also involved in the detected interferences.