Academic literature on the topic 'Rubber Noise Measurement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rubber Noise Measurement"
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Rizkya, I., K. Syahputri, R. M. Sari, and I. Siregar. "Measurement of Noise Level in Enumeration Station in Rubber Industry." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (March 2017): 012121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/180/1/012121.
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Guo, Zhao Yang, and Guo Hui Shen. "Analysis of Tire-Pavement Noise Spectrum of Noise Reduction Dense Asphalt-Rubber Pavement." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.345.
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The types of noise reduction asphalt pavement were summarized such as single layer porous or two-layer porous asphalt pavement, elastic asphalt pavement, optimized surface texture pavement, and universally composable one based on these three types. In Beijing China, it was very drought and short of rainfall, there were large volume of traffic, heavy wheel load and many dirt things on the pavement surface taken by the tires too. So asphalt-rubber pavement was the most common one for noise reduction, which was paved by gap-graded, macrotexture, dense asphalt concrete, belonging to the types of elastic and optimized surface texture noise reduction pavement. And it could reduce tire-pavement noise obviously and had excellent durability, All proved that this types of noise reduction pavement had gone through traffic and climate environment of Beijing well. It had measured tire-pavement noise of asphalt–rubber pavement and stone mustic asphalt pavement in Beijing from 2009 to 2012. This measurement was according to Measurement of close-proximity method，which prepared by international organization for standardization in the year 2000. And the test vehicle was a trailer for measuring tire-pavement noise which met requirements of ISO/CD 11819-2:2000. The factors effected tire-pavement noise spectrum were analysed, such as temperature, speed, age of pavement and so on. It reveals that, The tire-pavement noise sound level could get higher especially higher during the frequency 500Hz~2500Hz in the noise spectrum, while the testing speed increase, or the temperature decrease , or the age of pavement grow. while the frequency lay on the range of higher than 800 Hz, the asphalt–rubber pavement’s noise sound level were lower than the stone mustic asphalt pavement’s one in all situations, and when the temperature decreased from 30°C to 0°C , the low limit frequency decreased from 800Hz to 63 Hz . In order to show the reason , it had tested dynamic modulus and phase angle of the two kinds of pavement materials under different temperature and load frequency with the help of Simple Performance Tester, The result shows that, asphalt-rubber concrete has smaller Phase angle at wide temperature as well as frequency changes, it could be one of the main reasons to explain this phenomenon. It could provide reference for designing, constructing, maintaining and evaluating the noise reduction asphalt pavement.
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Singh, Chitransh, and Madan Lal Chandravanshi. "Performance and noise analysis of vibratory feeder using dynamic rubber spring model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 530–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219884967.
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In vibratory feeder, material feeding occurs due to the vibration of a trough mounted on helical springs. High vibration amplitude of trough causes the springs to jump and usually results in higher noise level generation and increase in force transmissibility in the support structure of the feeder. Reducing this noise without having significant changes in the dynamics of the feeder unit is a major challenge in the present industries. This paper presents a dynamic rubber spring model for vibratory feeders to reduce the noise level and the force transferred to the support structure of the feeder. Measurement of dynamic parameters such as vibration amplitude and magnitude of force transmitted to support structure, noise level, and conveying speed of particle analyses have been conducted experimentally on vibratory feeder with and without rubber gasket installed at spring support structure. The use of rubber gaskets at spring supports and their implication on force transmissibility and noise level of feeder is established experimentally. The performance analysis of feeder was also conducted using particle conveying speed on trough for different setups of feeder unit. It was found that the introduction of rubber gaskets at spring supports of the feeder increases the system damping, which helps in noise reduction as well as reduced amplitude of vibration and higher acceleration of trough. The increased acceleration leads to higher particle conveying velocity on the feeder trough.
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Leupolz, Michael, and Frank Gauterin. "Vehicle Impact on Tire Road Noise and Validation of an Algorithm to Virtually Change Tires." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178810.
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Especially for electric vehicles, the tire impact on car noise is becoming more and more important. The requirement of meeting certification criteria makes estimating the sound pressure level essential for vehicle manufacturers. Most recent research on tire road noise is conducted on component test benches. Little research exists into tires mounted on vehicles, and even less into the impact of acceleration on the generated noise. The literature mainly considers some vehicle shape differences, tire load, and inflation pressure. This article investigates the impact of different vehicles on tire noise through a series of measurements on a standardized test track. The rolling noise as well as accelerated noise of three different tires and five different vehicles are compared. The impact of the drive axle on accelerated noise as well as a weight variation is investigated. Additionally to the absolute measured differences between the vehicles, statistical methods are used to separate measurement dispersion from actual systematic differences. This research therefore validates older research on the vehicles’ impact on tire noise, which is necessary since the general tire structure, thread, and rubber composition have changed in the time period between the publication of previous research from the literature and this paper. This allows us to approximate the emitted noise on different vehicles. Furthermore, we validate an algorithm to virtually change tires on test benches. The algorithm is standardized and implemented in common measurement software.
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Matsuo, Kazuya, Toshiharu Mukai, and Shijie Guo. "Unconstrained Measurement of Heart Rate Considering Harmonics of Respiratory Signal Using Flexible Tactile Sensor Sheet." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0826.
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Measurement of the sleeping state is useful for monitoring the health of a person being nursed. The sleeping state can be estimated from biological information such as respiration rate, heart rate, body motion, and lying posture. A heart rate measurement method that considers the harmonics of a respiratory signal is described herein. The harmonics of respiratory signals for heart rate measurement has not been considered hitherto. An unconstrained method is proposed for measuring respiration, heart rate, and lying posture using a Smart Rubber sensor, which is a rubber-based flexible planar tactile sensor developed for this study. Respiration and heart rates are measured by applying frequency analysis to time-series data of body pressure. The harmonics of a respiratory signal serves as noise in heart rate measurement. Therefore, the heart rate measurement is improved by eliminating the effects of harmonics. The average frequency error of the heart rate measurement by our proposed method is 0.144 Hz. Experimental results show that our proposed method enhances the precision of heart rate measurement. Hence, this method enables the accurate measurement of the sleeping state.
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Li, Caoyang, David Herrin, John Baker, and Asad M. Sardar. "Simulation of rubber grommets and correlation with test at low frequencies." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3246.
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Residential air conditioning units include several sources which can lead to vibrational and noise issues. The most important structure-borne source is the compressor which controls the noise and vibration in certain frequency ranges. Compressors are mounted on four relatively stiff rubber grommets which partially isolate the basepan from the compressor motion while also ensuring that the compressor does not move too much. In this work, the grommets are simulated using the finite element method and results are correlated with measurement results with good agreement. It is demonstrated that the hyperelastic properties of the grommets should be increased due to the Payne effect to improve correlation.
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Baheti, Vijay, and V. Kothari. "Novel method of sound barrier measurement of porous and nonporous materials." World Journal of Engineering 10, no. 4 (August 21, 2013): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.10.4.353.
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Noise is an unwanted sound which creates the pollution and adverse effects on individual. One of the simple ways to reduce the noise is to place the acoustic material in the path between the source and the receiver so that sound waves get either absorbed or blocked while reaching towards the receiver. There are various techniques available to measure sound absorption or sound barrier (blocking) caused by the acoustic material. However these techniques are also associated with certain limitations. Our objective was to design and fabricate simple technique to measure sound barrier which overcomes these limitations and allows larger sample size and random scatter of sound wave to accurately predict actual field measurements. A sound source (i.e. a speaker) and a microphone, placed in different pipes separated by sample in between, were used for the measurement of sound barrier property of porous materials (nonwovens, woven fabric, and foam), nonporous materials (rubber, cardboard) and their composite structures at four different frequencies 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2000 Hz. Different set of readings were taken in absence and presence of the sample by measuring the transmitted sound across the sample.
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Juliyati, Riri, Zulfan Saam, and Nopriadi Nopriadi. "Hubungan Shift Kerja dan Kebisingan dengan Stres Kerja Pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi Gilingan PT. Riau Crumb Rubber Factory Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.1.2.p.88-96.
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This research aims to analyze the correlation between shift work and noise withwork stress of the workers in milling production division of PT . Riau Crumb Rubber Factory.This research is an observational analytic with cross sectional approach. The population ofthis study consists of 125 workers in milling production. With purposive sampling techniqueand using predetermined criteria obtained a total sample of 60 people. The data werecollected using work stress scale and the measurement noise by using a sound level meter andanalyzed with bivariate using the chi square test. The results showed that there was asignificant correlation between work shifts with work stress with p value (0.000) < α ( 0.05 ).Employees who work on the night shift tend to have a high work stress when compared withemployees working on the morning shift and afternoon . There is a significant correlationbetween the level of noise with work stress with p value (0.000) < α ( 0.05 ). The higher thenoise level the higher work stress.
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Yang, Chao-Feng, Zhi-Hong Yin, Wen-Bin Shangguan, and Xiao-Cheng Duan. "A Study on the Dynamic Performance for Hydraulically Damped Rubber Bushings with Multiple Inertia Tracks and Orifices: Parameter Identification and Modeling." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3695950.
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Hydraulically damped rubber bushings (HDBs) are important for vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance as they are able to decay the vehicle’s oscillation induced by engine and road. The dynamic stiffness and loss angle of an HDB are crucial and it is significant to investigate the relations between the design parameters with the dynamic stiffness and loss angle. Therefore, the force-deflection relation of the HDB is measured statically and the dynamic stiffness and loss angle are measured dynamically and the test data are analyzed with a view to examine how the measurement results are influenced by the design parameters (the number of the fluid tracks). Compared with the results predicted by a nonlinear lumped parameter model whose parameters are extracted by a parameter identification technique, using the model, the effect of the main rubber and the fluid track on the dynamic stiffness and the loss angle is investigated. A unified analytical model of HDB is also developed with the purpose of predicting the static and dynamic characteristics, and the predictions are shown to be well correlated with the measurement data. The good correlation suggests the validity of the model and the parameter identification implementation.
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Czech, Krzysztof Robert, and Wladyslaw Gardziejczyk. "Dynamic Stiffness of Bituminous Mixtures for the Wearing Course of the Road Pavement—A Proposed Method of Measurement." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081973.
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Stiffness is an important mechanical characteristic of asphalt mixtures used in the wearing course. It is one of the determining factors in the generation of tyre/road noise. The dynamic stiffness of the upper layer of the road surface depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials it is composed of, and traffic load. Determination of dynamic stiffness, both in laboratory conditions and in situ, requires consideration of many other factors. Tests of dynamic properties of road surfaces in field conditions are most often conducted with the help of modal hammers. Impulse excitation results are usually less accurate than those in the application of modal exciters. The test stand was constructed, comprising a tripod, 32-channel and 24-bit data acquisition system, exciter, signal amplifier, impedance head, single-axis piezoelectric accelerometers and a stinger. The test stand and the proposed method of measuring dynamic stiffness do not require the determination of the resonance frequency of the tested specimen and can be used both on various types of bituminous mixtures of varying shape and dimensions, as well as directly on the upper surface of the wearing course of bituminous pavements. The test results showed that the type of bituminous mixture used in the wearing course significantly affects its dynamic stiffness. The dynamic stiffness level of asphalt concrete, stone mastic asphalt and porous asphalt layers was determined to be similar. The addition of rubber granulates significantly reduced its rigidity, which is very beneficial from the point of view of reducing the tyre/road noise.
Conference papers on the topic "Rubber Noise Measurement"
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Lee, Huay Seen, Liming Dai, and Punnamee Sachakamol. "Assessment of Acoustical Measurement Methods and Standards on Rubber Asphalt Roads." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13324.
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This paper focuses on the availability of reliable and widely recognized standards for measuring the tyre/pavement noise by determining the existence for a common or certified standard for measuring the asphalt rubber road noise and the possibilities of establishing a common standard or making enhancement to the current standard for accurately measuring the noise. A noise measurement study is conducted using one of many methodologies recognized internationally on both conventional and asphalt rubber road. The noise measurement study is based on the Statistical Pass-by method which is described in detail in the International Standards Organization ISO 11819-1. Certain modifications have been made in order to suit the local environmental condition during the measurement. The most significant modification from the ISO 11819-1 is the distance of the microphone location that is used in the noise measurement from the center of the test road. The ISO 11819-1 stated the microphone position as 7.5m distance from the test road. However, in North America, 15m distance is commonly used. The proportions between noise source dimensions and microphone distance are affected in such a way as to reduce the potential difference between LAmax (maximum sound pressure level) and LAE (Single-event sound exposure level) [2]. Simulations can be done to find out the influence of the microphone distance to the accuracy and reliability of the test measurement readouts besides the advantages and the disadvantages on using both microphone distances from the test road. To further prove the reliability of the study, the results are then analyzed and compared to the predicted noise level using the Traffic Noise Model (TNM) developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The FHWA's TNM that computes highway traffic noise is constructed based on the large amount of vehicle noise-emissions database and has been made comparisons to at least five other different model results or real noise measurement study to verify the accuracy of the model.
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Gul, Kamran A., Nasir Bilal, and Douglas E. Adams. "Modeling and Torsional Vibration Analysis of an Engine Cold-Test Cell for Production Fault Diagnostics." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87020.
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Engine cold-test cell drivelines experience large torsional oscillations in transient tests due to the excitation of system resonances by various engine harmonics. The excessive torsional vibrations result in structural degradation of the driveline components and also affect the fault detection process by preventing accurate measurement of gear noise and by compromising the quality of diagnostic torque waveforms. In this work, a torsional vibration model of an engine production cold-test cell is developed to analyze the vibration and diagnostic signal characteristics. The test cell driveline components are modeled using first principles. Waveform distortion metrics based on harmonic order amplitude ratios are devised to quantify signal distortion levels. A rigorous validation of the simulation model using both torque amplitude and waveform distortion comparisons of test and simulation data is conducted. Model parameters that can help suppress the torsional resonances in the operating range are identified through embedded sensitivity functions. It is shown that by modifying the inertia and stiffness properties of the rubber coupling, the resonant vibration problem of interest can be mitigated. The design modifications are implemented in a production test cell resulting in a significant reduction in torsional amplitudes and waveform distortion levels with a corresponding increase in the sensitivity to faults.
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Radestock, Martin, Johannes Riemenschneider, Alexander Falken, and Johannes Achleitner. "Experimental Study of Flexible Skin Designs Between a Moving Wing Segment and a Fixed Wing Part on a Full Scale Demonstrator." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2310.
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Abstract Commercial aircraft today require efficient high-lift and control systems on the wings to reduce the drag in flight or decrease the take-off and landing speeds. Morphing mechanisms are one approach for improved high-lift systems. In most cases the objective function is an increased lift to drag ratio or the noise reduction. On closer examination control systems as well as morphing mechanisms are located in a certain wing segment. The transition between a moving wing part and the fixed wing is a step, which creates additional vortices. This segments the wing in span-wise direction and reduces the efficiency. A flexible skin between a moving and a fixed wing parts smooths the contour and minimize the efficiency reduction of the wing. A full scale demonstrator of a wing segment was manufactured with two flexible skin designs. The first subcomponent connects a morphing leading edge with a rib of the wing over a span of one meter. The skin is a material mix of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and fiberglass-reinforced plastic. The rubber is the basis of the skin and the glass-fiber is added as local skin stiffeners in the form of strips in chord-wise direction. The second subcomponent blends the aileron with a rib of the wing in a triangular design. The connection of three different hinges realizes a morphing triangle, which is loaded in an in-plane shear only state of stress in each aileron position. The core of the triangle is a 3D printed structure, which is free in shear. The covering skin is a combination of EPDM with carbon fibers oriented in +/−30° direction to obtain shear compliance and to resist the loads on the triangle. The deformation of each concept is identified at the demonstrator. Therefore, an optical measurement system scans the surface in the initial and deflected state. The required deformation precision of the concepts differs due to their design. The contour at the leading edge requires a certain shape over the span. The analysis of the skin buckling is one requirement at the transition triangle during the aileron motion. The experimental results show a smooth transition contour at the leading edge and no buckling effects at the triangle. The results can be used for the validation of simulation models. Furthermore, both skin concepts cover the gap between a moving wing segment and a fixed wing part. The elimination of steps in span-wise direction can improve the aero-acoustic behavior along the wing for future aircraft.
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Bharath Anantharamaiah, Bharath Anantharamaiah, Tomas Bouda Tomas Bouda, Carlos Fidalgo Blasco, Jordi Arbiol Tormo, Francesc Xavier Montane Clos, Joan Puig Castello, Juan Jesus Garcia, and Roger Mateu Cabre. "Advanced numerical methodology for tyre noise prediction." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-mcf-027.
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"It is seen that for lower car speeds the noise generated by internal combustion engine dominates that of tyres and is vice versa at higher speeds. This is beneficiary since a road user can locate an approaching slow car based on the noise from its engine. With the introduction of next generation electric vehicles pedestrian safety will pose a major concern due to the absence of engine and hence its noise. Although artificial noise sources can be added to the car, this however, comes at an extra cost to customer. Although tyres are a second source of inherent noise from the car and several researches have been made on tyre noise, yet there exist no deterministic studies over its efficient design and perception with respect to pedestrian safety. An efficient design of the tyre noise will be an economical solution for a future that demands road safety. In the current work, a design of experiment technique , which involves a simplified and innovative tyre finite element model, is implemented not only to model the tyre dynamic response, but also to correlate the influence of each rubber regions over the tyre overall dynamic behaviour. By employing this numerical model, frequency response functions due to impacts over various treads and positions and corresponding noise transfer functions of a free-free tyre upto 200 Hz is demonstrated using submodelling and sequentially coupled analysis. These results are correlated with the impact noise measurements on the physical tyre treads in a hemi-anechoic chamber. Furthermore, the influence of individual rubber regions of the tyre over the noise transfer function is presented. The damping in the current model is defined as modal damping factors that are determined from the modal tests. In future, the rubber viscoelastic properties are characterised from the tyre dynamic responses from tests and implemented in the simplified finite element tyre model, that can also be used to model the impact noise of a loaded tyre. The major expected accomplishment is to deduce a relation between the generated tyre noise and the perception of it from a pedestrian’s perspective, enhancing the pedestrian safety."
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Lou, Zheng, and Liming Dai. "A Study of Traffic Noise Reduction Performance of Arc Pavement Roads and Traffic Flow." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13325.
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Asphalt Rubber Concrete (ARC) pavement has shown an excellent performance of noise reduction in terns of reducing the power of air pumping, absorbing sound power, depressing carcass vibration and changing sound reflection geometry. This research is to investigate the traffic noise reduction performance of a segment of test highway with ARC pavement in Saskatchewan, Canada. Before and after the highway section was repaved, a series of traffic noise level measurements combining with traffic flow monitoring are conducted in order to compare the sound performance of ARC and conventional pavements. A relationship between the noise level and corresponding traffic flow conditions of ARC pavement is established. The energetic averaging method is employed to study the relationship between traffic noise level and traffic flow condition. The two noise levels of 24-hour's time averaged and Statistical Pass-By noise levels indicated that the ARC pavement has a better sound performance over that of conventional pavement in terms of traffic noise reduction. The traffic noise reduction applicability of ARC pavement under various traffic flow conditions is also performed in this research.
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Ghaderi, Aref, Vahid Morovati, Pouyan Nasiri, and Roozbeh Dargazany. "Uncertainty Quantification in Predicting Behaviour of Rubber-Like Materials in Uni-Axial Loading." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24200.
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Abstract Material parameters related to deterministic models can have different values due to variation of experiments outcome. From a mathematical point of view, probabilistic modeling can improve this problem. It means that material parameters of constitutive models can be characterized as random variables with a probability distribution. To this end, we propose a constitutive models of rubber-like materials based on uncertainty quantification (UQ) approach. UQ reduces uncertainties in both computational and real-world applications. Constitutive models in elastomers play a crucial role in both science and industry due to their unique hyper-elastic behavior under different loading conditions (uni-axial extension, biaxial, or pure shear). Here our goal is to model the uncertainty in constitutive models of elastomers, and accordingly, identify sensitive parameters that we highly contribute to model uncertainty and error. Modern UQ models can be implemented to use the physics of the problem compared to black-box machine learning approaches that uses data only. In this research, we propagate uncertainty through the model, characterize sensitivity of material behavior to show the importance of each parameter for uncertainty reduction. To this end, we utilized Bayesian rules to develop a model considering uncertainty in the mechanical response of elastomers. As an important assumption, we believe that our measurements are around the model prediction, but it is contaminated by Gaussian noise. We can make the noise by maximizing the posterior. The uni-axial extension experimental data set is used to calibrate the model and propagate uncertainty in this research.
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Mousavi, Hoda, Mohit Nitin Shenvi, and Corina Sandu. "Experimental Study for Free Rolling of Tires on Ice." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97846.
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Abstract Considering that tires play a vital role not only in the performance but also in the safety of a vehicle, studying the tire-road interaction has always been a matter of interest, specifically when the tire is travelling on icy roads. However, most of the existing studies focused on tire performance on ice for traction or braking conditions [1,2] and not many studies have been devoted to the free rolling of a tire. Considering the tire in its free rolling condition is a necessary step in assessing the friction force at the tire-ice interface, which can be used next to predict the torque to be applied on the tire in order to create a zero slip condition in the tire-ice contact patch. The zero slip condition is always difficult to obtain, as it needs a very accurate assessment of the effective rolling radius of the tire. This study is a part of a more comprehensive study to investigate the effects of different tire parameters, such as rubber compounds properties on tire performance on ice. For the work presented in this paper the main objective is benchmarking the results from existing methods for obtaining the effective rolling radius of the tire and the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient of the tire on ice. The investigation approach was to experimentally study a tire under free rolling on ice. A set of experiments were thus designed and conducted for the Standard Reference Test Tire (SRTT) on a layer of ice in the Terramechanics Rig in the Terramechanics, Multibody and Vehicle Systems laboratory (TMVS) Laboratory at Virginia Tech under different applied normal load and various inflation pressure conditions. The data collected from the tests performed was used to obtain and compare the result for effective rolling radius of the tire and equivalent friction coefficient. The data collected on the Terramechanics Rig by the 6-axis wheel load measurement system P650 by Kistler was processed to eliminate the noise of the raw data using zero-phase filtering techniques in MATLAB. Other parameters measured during the tests conducted were the tire loaded radius, the width of contact patch, and the temperature distribution in the tire-ice contact patch.
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Wang, Z., Z. B. Chen, and M. Z. Li. "Added Viscoelastic Wheel Dampers for Reducing Railway Noise." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66310.
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Mechanisms associated with interaction of the wheel and the rail in the vertical and horizontal direction are investigated. The noise-generating characteristics and the calculation model of wheels are studied theoretically. An improved railway wheel added with viscoelastic constrained damping layers has been researched out theoretically and experimentally. Design equations and graphs are developed for the geometrical parameter of viscoelastic constrained damping layers used in wheels. Using existing theory, the procedures are developed for predicting the structure loss factor of structural composites with different numbers of constrained damping layers. The structure loss factor of wheels attached with symmetrical three constrained layers is optimally calculated using MATLAB. A number of experiments with pulse excitations in the laboratory are carried out from the number of constrained damping layers, the material of constrained layers, as well as the position added to the wheel. From the experiments, steel is chosen as the material of constrained layer, and rubber with high loss factor and wide temperature range is chosen as the material of elastic layer. Both materials are experimentally measured. The theoretical predictions of the noise reduction effect is compared with the experimental measurements. The results shown that the wheel noise is obviously reduced.
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Algermissen, Stephan, and Hans P. Monner. "Reduction of Low-Frequency Sound Transmission Using an Array of 3D-Printed Resonant Structures." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7985.
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The reduction of low-frequency noise transmission through thin-walled structures is a topic of research for many years now. Due to large wavelengths and the mass law, passive solutions usually gain low performance in the frequency range below 500 Hz. Active systems promised to fill the gap and to achieve significant reductions of transmitted sound. Nevertheless, experiments showed the outstanding performance of such specialized systems, but also demonstrated the computational and hardware effort of such solutions. The upcoming additive manufacturing technology enabled new multi-material designs of complex structures. Based on this technology, acoustic metamaterials emerged in the laboratories and in literature. Arrays of miniaturized locally resonant structures are able to change the noise transmission of thin walled structures beyond the limits of the given mass law in certain frequency bands. For future aircraft contra-rotating open rotor (CROR) engines are a promising technology to reduce their CO2 footprint. Since the contribution of CROR engines to the cabin noise is higher than for jet engines, new strategies for the reduction of noise transmissions for frequency bands below 200 Hz are necessary. For the tonal noise of the CROR engines, acoustic metamaterials seem to be an appropriate solution. In this paper a 110 × 110 × 1 mm3 thin-walled sample plate is presented. It is covered with a 5 × 5 array of multi-material resonant structures, which are printed as mass on a beam. The rubber-like beam material combines a low Young’s modulus with a high material damping, leading to a low eigenfrequency of the resonators. The design of the resonators using simulations and experimental data is shown. To explore the potential of the design, an acoustic test box is manufactured. Starting with all resonators unblocked the emitted sound intensity of the plate is measured. Sequential blocking of selected resonators proves the concept. Additional laser scanning vibrometer measurements give insights into the vibration behavior of single resonators.
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Fagiani, Ramona, Francesco Massi, Eric Chatelet, and Yves Berthier. "Dynamic Analysis of Surface Scanning for Tactile Perception." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25246.
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The human hand works in a perfect accord with the brain for an efficient exploration of physical world and objects perception according to man’s purposes. During the haptic sensing, the fingertip slides on a surface activating the receptors located under the skin allowing the brain to identify objects and information about their properties. In fact, in order to create the contact, the hand must exercise a force causing the fingertip to deform, generating a stress-state that contains the information on the object in contact. The information concerning the object surface is represented by the vibrations induced by the friction between the skin and the rubbed object in contact. The mechanoreceptors have the key role of transducing the stress state into an electrical impulse conveyed to the brain. Nevertheless, the vibration spectra induced by the finger/surface rubbing and the consequent activation of the mechanoreceptors on the skin were rarely investigated. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of the tactile sense is basilar for manifold applications, like the development of artificial tactile sensors for intelligent prostheses or robotic assistants, and for the ergonomics. In this context, it is fundamental to realize appropriate dynamic analysis of the signals that characterize the characteristics of the contact. In other words, it is necessary to investigate the vibration spectrum measured on the finger, in order to identify the frequency range of measured spectra (that should correspond to the expected one given by the mechanoreceptors activation frequency range [2–500 Hertz]). An experimental set-up is developed to recover the contact global dynamics by detecting the contact force and the induced vibrations; the bench test has been designed to guarantee the measurements reproducibility and, at cause of the low amplitude of the vibrations of interest, to perform measurements without introducing external noise. In particular, in this paper, the interest will be focused on the changes shown in vibration spectra with respect to variations of the scanning velocity and surface roughness characteristics.