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Ning, Xizhan. "Mixed Sensitivity-Based Robust H∞ Control Method for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050840.
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Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS), dividing the emulated structure into numerical substructures (NS) and physical substructures (PS), is a powerful technique to obtain responses and then to assess the seismic performance of civil engineering structures. A transfer system, a servo-hydraulic actuator or shaking table, is used to apply boundary conditions between the two substructures. However, the servo-hydraulic actuator is inherently a complex system with nonlinearities and may introduce time delays into the RTHS, which will decrease the accuracy and stability of the RTHS. Moreover, there are various uncertainties in RTHS. An accurate and robust actuator control strategy is necessary to guarantee reliable simulation results. Therefore, a mixed sensitivity-based H∞ control method was proposed for RTHS. In H∞ control, the dynamics and robustness of the closed-loop transfer system are realized by performance weighting functions. A form of weighting function was given considering the requirement in RTHS. The influence of the weighting functions on the dynamics was investigated. Numerical simulations and actual RTHSs were carried out under symmetric and asymmetric dynamic loads, namely sinusoidal and earthquake excitation, respectively. Results indicated that the H∞ control method used for RTHS is feasible, and it exhibits an excellent tracking performance and robustness.
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Ning, Xizhan, Zhen Wang, and Bin Wu. "Kalman Filter-Based Adaptive Delay Compensation for Benchmark Problem in Real-Time Hybrid Simulation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 7101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207101.
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Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a versatile, effective, and promising experimental method used to evaluate the structural performance under dynamic loads. In RTHS, the emulated structure is divided into a numerically simulated substructure (NS) and a physically tested substructure (PS), and a transfer system is used to ensure the force equilibrium and deformation compatibility between the substructures. Owing to the inherent dynamics of the PS and transfer system (referred to as a control plant in this study), there is a time-delay between the displacement command and measurement. This causes de-synchronization between the boundary of the PS and NS, and affects the stability and accuracy of the RTHS. In this study, a Kalman filter-based adaptive delay compensation (KF-ADC) method is proposed to address this issue. In this novel method, the control plant is represented by a discrete-time model, whose coefficients are time-varying and are estimated online by the KF using the displacement commands and measurements. Based on this time-varying model, the delay compensator is constructed employing the desired displacements. The KF performance is investigated theoretically and numerically. To assess the performance of the proposed strategy, a series of virtual RTHSs are performed on the Benchmark problem in RTHS, which was based on an actual experimental system. Meanwhile, several promising delay-compensation strategies are employed for comparison. Results reveal that the proposed time-delay compensation method effectively enhances the accuracy, stability, and robustness of RTHS.
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Bas, Elif Ecem, and Mohamed A. Moustafa. "Real-Time Hybrid Simulation with Deep Learning Computational Substructures: System Validation Using Linear Specimens." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 2, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make2040026.
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Hybrid simulation (HS) is an advanced simulation method that couples experimental testing and analytical modeling to better understand structural systems and individual components’ behavior under extreme events such as earthquakes. Conducting HS and real-time HS (RTHS) can be challenging with complex analytical substructures due to the nature of direct integration algorithms when the finite element method is employed. Thus, alternative methods such as machine learning (ML) models could help tackle these difficulties. This study aims to investigate the quality of the RTHS tests when a deep learning algorithm is used as a metamodel to represent the dynamic behavior of a nonlinear analytical substructure. The compact HS laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno was utilized to conduct exclusive RTHS tests. Simulating a braced frame structure, the RTHS tests combined, for the first time, linear brace model specimens (physical substructure) along with nonlinear ML models for the frame (analytical substructure). Deep long short-term memory (Deep-LSTM) networks were employed and trained to develop the metamodels of the analytical substructure using the Python environment. The training dataset was obtained from pure analytical finite element simulations for the complete structure under earthquake excitation. The RTHS evaluations were first conducted for virtual RTHS tests, where substructuring was sought between the LSTM metamodel and virtual experimental substructure. To validate the proposed RTHS testing methodology and full system, several actual RTHS tests were conducted. The results from ML-based RTHS were evaluated for different ML models and compared against results from conventional RTHS with finite element models. The paper demonstrates the potential of conducting successful experimental RTHS using Deep-LSTM models, which could open the door for unparalleled new opportunities in structural systems design and assessment.
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Dong, Bai Ping, Richard Sause, and James M. Ricles. "Seismic Performance of Steel MRF Structures with Nonlinear Viscous Dampers from Real-Time Hybrid Simulations." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.967.
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Real-time hybrid earthquake simulations (RTHS) were performed on steel moment-resisting frame (MRF) structures with nonlinear viscous dampers. The test structures for the RTHS contain a moment-resisting frame (MRF), a frame with nonlinear viscous dampers (DBF), and a gravity load system with associated seismic mass and gravity loads. The MRFs have reduced beam section beam-to-column connections and are designed for 100%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, of the base shear strength required by ASCE 7-10. RTHS were performed to evaluate the seismic performance of these MRF structures. Two phases of RTHS were conducted: (Phase-1) the DBF is the experimental substructure in the laboratory; and (Phase-2) the DBF with the MRF is the experimental substructure. Results from the two phases of RTHS are evaluated. The evaluation shows that the RTHS provide a realistic and accurate simulation of the seismic response of the test structures. The evaluation also shows that steel MRF structures designed with reduced strength and with nonlinear viscous dampers can have excellent seismic performance.
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Riascos-González, Carlos Andrés, Peter Thomson, and Shirley Dyke. "Evaluación del desempeño de un amortiguador de masa sintonizado no lineal mediante simulaciones híbridas en tiempo real." INGE CUC 15, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.02.
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Introducción: En este artículo se describe la simulación híbrida en tiempo real (RTHS) de un amortiguador no lineal de masa sintonizado (NTMD) y se comparan los resultados con los obtenidos de ensayos experimentales convencionales de una estructura a cortante, de un piso, con el NTMD.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es valuar la efectividad de una RTHS para estimar el desempeño de un NTMD.
Metodología: La metodología consistió de las siguientes tres etapas: identificación de la estructura principal, diseño del NTMD y evaluación experimental del sistema estructura-NTMD. Para la tercera etapa, se utilizaron RTHS y ensayos sobre mesa vibratoria.
Resultados: Los resultados de los ensayos en mesa vibratoria demostraron que el NTMD redujo el 77% y 63% de las aceleraciones pico y RMS de la estructura principal, con respecto a la estructura sin control. Los valores de estas reducciones obtenidos con RTHS fueron 73% y 63%, respectivamente. Los índices de precisión del sistema de transferencia correspondieron a una amplitud generalizada de 1.01 y un retraso de 2 ms.
Conclusiones: el NTMD, con una razón de masas del 10%, alcanzó reducciones superiores al 60% de la respuesta estructural. La RTHS y el ensayo de mesa vibratoria demostraron que el sistema estructura-NTMD tuvo solo un pico en la respuesta en frecuencia. El ruido en la retroalimentación de la RTHS aumentó el grado de amortiguamiento de la estructura controlada. Finalmente, los resultados experimentales demostraron que la RTHS es una técnica que predice efectivamente la aceleración RMS del sistema estructura-NTMD y puede sobreestimar ligeramente su aceleración pico.
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Li, Hong-Wei, Fang Wang, Yi-Qing Ni, You-Wu Wang, and Zhao-Dong Xu. "An Adaptive and Robust Control Strategy for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 6569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176569.
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A real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a promising technique to investigate a complicated or large-scale structure by dividing it into numerical and physical substructures and conducting cyber-physical tests on it. The control system design of an RTHS is a challenging topic due to the additional feedback between the physical and numerical substructures, and the complexity of the physical control plant. This paper proposes a novel RTHS control strategy by combining the theories of adaptive control and robust control, where a reformed plant which is highly simplified compared to the physical plant can be used to design the control system without compromising the control performance. The adaptation and robustness features of the control system are realized by the bounded-gain forgetting least-squares estimator and the sliding mode controller, respectively. The control strategy is validated by investigating an RTHS benchmark problem of a nonlinear three-story steel frame The proposed control strategy could simplify the control system design and does not require a precise physical plant; thus, it is an efficient and practical option for an RTHS.
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Song, Jiyoung, Kyeon Hur, Jeehoon Lee, Hyunjae Lee, Jaegul Lee, Solyoung Jung, Jeonghoon Shin, and Heejin Kim. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Using Real-Time Hybrid-Simulator for Dynamic Performance Test of Power Electronics Equipment in Large Power System." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 3955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153955.
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This paper presents the hardware-in-the-loop simulation for dynamic performance test (HILS-DPT) of power electronic equipment replicas using a real-time hybrid simulator (RTHS). The authors developed the procedure of HILS-DPT, and as an actual case example, the results of HILS-DPT of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) replica using RTHS is presented. RTHS is a co-simulation tool that synthesizes real-time simulator (RTS) with transient stability program to perform real-time dynamic simulation of a large power system. As power electronics applications have been increasing, the electric utilities have performed HILS-DPT of the power electronics equipment to validate the performance and investigate interactions. Because inspection tests are limited in their ability to validate its impact on the power system during various contingencies, all power electronics equipment newly installed in the Korean power system should take HILS-DPT using large-scale RTS with replicas since 2018. Although large-scaled RTS offers an accuracy improvement, it requires lots of hardware resources, time, and effort to model and simulate the equipment and power systems. Therefore, the authors performed SVC HILS-DPT using RTHS, and the result of the first practical application of RTHS present feasibility comparing the result of HILS-DPT using large-scale RTS. The authors will discuss the test results and share lessons learned from the industrial experience of HILS-DPT using RTHS.
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Kolay, Chinmoy, James M. Ricles, Thomas M. Marullo, Safwan Al-Subaihawi, and Spencer E. Quiel. "Computational Challenges in Real-Time Hybrid Simulation of Tall Buildings under Multiple Natural Hazards." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.566.
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The essence of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is its ability to combine the benefits ofphysical testing with those of computational simulations. Therefore, an understanding of the real-timecomputational issues and challenges is important, especially for RTHS of large systems, in advancingthe state of the art. To this end, RTHS of a 40-story (plus 4 basement stories) tall building havingnonlinear energy dissipation devices for mitigation of multiple natural hazards, including earthquakeand wind events, were conducted at the NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility. An efficient implementationprocedure of the recently proposed explicit modified KR-a (MKR-a) method was developedfor performing the RTHS. This paper discusses this implementation procedure and the real-time computationalissues and challenges with regard to this implementation procedure. Some results from theRTHS involving earthquake loading are presented to highlight the need for and application of RTHSin performance based design of tall buildings under earthquake hazard.
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Rivera, N., L. Illanes, J. A. Baier, and C. Hernandez. "Reconnection with the Ideal Tree: A New Approach to Real-Time Search." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (June 5, 2014): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4292.
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Many applications, ranging from video games to dynamic robotics, require solving single-agent, deterministic search problems in partially known environments under very tight time constraints. Real-Time Heuristic Search (RTHS) algorithms are specifically designed for those applications. As a subroutine, most of them invoke a standard, but bounded, search algorithm that searches for the goal. In this paper we present FRIT, a simple approach for single-agent deterministic search problems under tight constraints and partially known environments that unlike traditional RTHS does not search for the goal but rather searches for a path that connects the current state with a so-called ideal tree T . When the agent observes that an arc in the tree cannot be traversed in the actual environment, it removes such an arc from T and then carries out a reconnection search whose objective is to find a path between the current state and any node in T . The reconnection search is done using an algorithm that is passed as a parameter to FRIT. If such a parameter is an RTHS algorithm, then the resulting algorithm can be an RTHS algorithm. We show, in addition, that FRIT may be fed with a (bounded) complete blind-search algorithm. We evaluate our approach over grid pathfinding benchmarks including game maps and mazes. Our results show that FRIT, used with RTAA*, a standard RTHS algorithm, outperforms RTAA* significantly; by one order of magnitude under tight time constraints. In addition, FRIT(daRTAA*) substantially outperforms daRTAA*, a state-of-the-art RTHS algorithm, usually obtaining solutions 50% cheaper on average when performing the same search effort. Finally, FRIT(BFS), i.e., FRIT using breadth-first-search, obtains best-quality solutions when time is limited compared to Adaptive A* and Repeated A*. Finally we show that Bug2, a pathfinding-specific navigation algorithm, outperforms FRIT(BFS) when planning time is extremely limited, but when given more time, the situation reverses.
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Tang, Yu, and Hui Qin. "Stability and Accuracy Analysis of Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (RTHS) with Incomplete Boundary Conditions and Actuator Delay." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 11 (September 24, 2020): 2050122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420501229.
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of incomplete boundary conditions and actuator delay on the dynamic responses of seismically excited civil structures. A set of constraint equations representing the reserved interface degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) and the delay are introduced to form a mechanical model of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) (referred to as RTHS-I&A) for a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system based on dynamic substructure method (DSM). Then, the RTHS-I&A system is modeled by a discrete closed-loop transfer function based on discrete control theory, using a selected integration algorithm, and the stability of the system is investigated by examining the poles of the function. Three typical cases with different structural properties are utilized to investigate the effects of incomplete boundary conditions and actuator delay. The results show that both incomplete boundary conditions and actuator delay greatly affect the dynamic responses of structures, and the combination of the two factors will amplify their influence especially on the nodes at the interface. The numerical model of RTHS-I&A proposed in this paper is quite useful for evaluating the responses of structures with different interface conditions and loading schemes that are preliminarily designed before a physical testing is conducted, and provides guidance for future relevant researches.
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Wang, Yingxu, and Jun Peng. "Big Data Analytics." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 11, no. 2 (April 2017): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2017040103.
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Big data are pervasively generated by human cognitive processes, formal inferences, and system quantifications. This paper presents the cognitive foundations of big data systems towards big data science. The key perceptual model of big data systems is the recursively typed hyperstructure (RTHS). The RTHS model reveals the inherited complexities and unprecedented difficulty in big data engineering. This finding leads to a set of mathematical and computational models for efficiently processing big data systems. The cognitive relationship between data, information, knowledge, and intelligence is formally described.
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Kanter, Benjamin. "Modern communications technology: An essential tool for optimizing hospital operations and improving outcomes." Healthcare Management Forum 34, no. 5 (August 14, 2021): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08404704211038215.
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An ability to rapidly convert data from multiple different sources into actionable information is embodied in a concept called Real-time Health Systems (RTHS). The foundational component of RTHS is a modern Clinical Communication and Collaboration (CC&C) Platform, which translates organizational knowledge into action. Effective communication is the key. A CC&C Platform that can receive data from multiple hospital systems, analyze the data, arbitrate any resulting actions and determine the relative priorities to distribute work to the right person or teams–can lead to improved operational efficiencies and better patient outcomes.
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Wang, Zhen, Xueqi Yan, Xizhan Ning, and Bin Wu. "Test Verification of Two-Stage Adaptive Delay Compensation Method for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation." Shock and Vibration 2020 (September 14, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7848421.
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Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a versatile testing technique for performance evaluation of structures subjected to dynamic excitations. Research revealed that compensation for the delay induced by the dynamics of the loading system and other factors is a critical issue for obtaining reliable test results. Lately, a two-stage adaptive delay compensation (TADC) method was conceived and performed on the benchmark problem of RTHS. For this method, the main part of the system delay is coarsely compensated by the classic polynomial extrapolation (PE) method; the second stage represents a fine remedy for the remaining delay with adaptive compensation based on a discrete model of the loading system. As an extension of this study, this paper aims to further verify and reveal the performance of this method through real tests on a viscous damper specimen. In particular, loading tests with a swept signal and RTHS with sinusoidal and seismic excitations were carried out. Investigations show that the TADC method is endowed with smaller parameter variation ranges, simple yet effective initialization or a soft-start process, less dependence on initial parameter estimation accuracy, and best compensation performance.
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Bošković, Tatjana, Dejan Đurić, Bojana Kovačević-Berleković, and Dragana Đurić. "Business of rural tourist households in the function of rural tourism development in Serbia." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 69, no. 3 (2022): 833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2203833b.
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The main goal of the paper is, based on research and analysis of the material base and tourist turnover of rural tourist households (RTHs), in the period from 2014 to 2019, to point out to the dynamics of development and the current level of development and utilization of the tourist offer of this sector in Serbia. Quantitative data on accommodation facilities in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia in six years period (2014-2019) are analyzed. In addition to research, various scientific methods were used: the inductive-deductive method, the method of analysis and synthesis and the method of observation. Based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects of supply it was concluded that a lack of international standards and quality guarantees was noticed, as well as problems related to adaptation, registration and categorization of the RTHs, which confirmed the basic research hypothesis.
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Santos Mata, Maria Angeles, Ana Belen Ariza Jimenez, Francisco Macias Lopez, and Carmen de la Camara Moraño. "Thyroid Hormone Resistance: Multicentrical Case Series Study." Hormone and Metabolic Research 54, no. 02 (February 2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1725-8533.
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AbstractResistance to thyroid hormone syndrome (RTHS) is defined as increased thyroxine and triiodothyronine associated with normal or increased thyrotropin. This is usually due to a pathogenic variant of the gene coding for thyroid hormone receptor B (THRB). THRB is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an altered response of target tissue to the thyroid hormone action. Retrospective cross-sectional observational study with diagnosis of RTHS evaluated in secondary and tertiary hospitals for 6 years, from 2014 to 2020, in order to describe variables including age, sex, anthropometric data, clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients, who were divided according to age, in a pediatric group from 0 to 14 years (index cases), and an adult group composed of adult relatives of index cases. A molecular analysis of the THRB gene was performed. The total retrospective cohort included 7 pediatric patients and 15 adults. We found 22 cases with a clear male predominance (14/22). Mean age is 24.8 years old (22 days-70 years). Patients were referred because of symptoms 18.2% (4/22), analysis results 22.7% (5/22), or familial study 59.1% (13/22). About 31.8% (7/22) cases show goiter, 31.8% (7/22) sympathetic symptoms and 13.6% (3/22) abnormalities in behavior. In most cases, 77.3%, (17/22) show familial background of thyroid abnormalities. It is important to remark that 18.2% (4/22) relatives received previous incorrect treatments such as thyroidectomy, because of wrong diagnosis. In conclusion, a better understanding of RTHS, its prompt molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling, could avoid unnecessary tests and inappropriate treatments.
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Sathian, Brijesh, Puspa Raj Pant, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Indrajit Banerjee, and Bedanta Roy. "Need for improving the health system preparedness for road traffic injuries in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2018): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v8i3.23726.
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The growth of motorised and mass transportation has improved the lives and lifestyles of many. This economic progress has major drawbacks including: increased air pollution, road traffic crashes/injuries (RTCs/RTIs). Some papers may refer to Road Traffic Accidents or RTAs, but experts recommend the more appropriate to use RTIs. In recent decades the proportion of RTI to all deaths has declined in high-income countries whereas it has risen in many low- and middle-income countries.
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Osayomi, Tolulope, and Abidoun Ayooluwa Areola. "Geospatial Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents, Injuries and Deaths in Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Geography 47, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.6749.
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RTAs in Nigeria are very high and have become progressively important because of their heavy health and financial burden. The few geographic studies on RTAs in Nigeria are limited to their mere spatial distribution and associated risk factors, with very little attention given to their spatial clustering patterns and the detection of hotspots. With the aid of Global Moran’s I and Local Getis, the study found some evidence of significant positive spatial autocorrelation, and consistent clustering of RTAs, RTIs and RTDs in the southwest from 2002 to 2007 which suggested the presence of an accident belt in the southwestern region, which has been accounted by poor road infrastructure, relatively high level of economic development and high vehicular movements. The study recommends the deployment of road safety officials to the accident belt, strict enforcement of safety belts and helmets, and periodic road maintenance.
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Li, Xin, Xilin Lu, Ye Cui, and Shirley Dyke. "A modified bang-bang control for MR damper and experimental validation using RTHS." IABSE Symposium Report 105, no. 17 (September 23, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137815818358763.
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Norollah, Amin, Danesh Derafshi, Hakem Beitollahi, and Mahdi Fazeli. "RTHS: A Low-Cost High-Performance Real-Time Hardware Sorter, Using a Multidimensional Sorting Algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 27, no. 7 (July 2019): 1601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2912554.
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Hangoma, Peter, and Kantu Moonga-Mukale. "Impact of night travel ban on road traffic crashes and fatalities in Zambia: an interrupted time series analysis." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 12 (December 2021): e005481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005481.
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BackgroundThe burden of road traffic crashes (RTCs) and road traffic fatalities (RTFs) has been increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most RTCs and RTFs happen at night. Although few countries, including Zambia, have implemented night travel bans, there is no evidence on the extent to which such policies may reduce crashes and fatalities.MethodsWe exploit the quasi-experimental set up afforded by the banning of night travel of public service vehicles in Zambia in 2016 and interrupted time series analysis to assess whether the ban had an impact on both levels and trends in RTCs and RTFs. We use annual administrative data for the period 2006—2020, with 10 pre-intervention and 4 post-intervention data points. In an alternative specification, we restrict the analysis to the period 2012—2020 so that the number of data points are the same pre-interventions and post-interventions. We also carry out robustness checks to rule out other possible explanation of the results including COVID-19.ResultsThe night travel ban was associated with a reduction in the level of RTCs by 4131.3 (annual average RTCs before the policy=17 668) and a reduction in the annual trend in RTCs by 2485.5. These effects were significant at below 1%, and they amount to an overall reduction in RTCs by 24%. The policy was also associated with a 57.5% reduction in RTFs. In absolute terms, the trend in RTFs reduced by 477.5 (Annual average RTFs before the policy=1124.7), which is significant at below 1% level. Our results were broadly unchanged in alternative specifications.ConclusionWe conclude that a night travel ban may be an effective way of reducing the burden of RTCs and RTFs in Zambia and other LMICs. However, complementary policies are needed to achieve more gains.
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Nozawa, Kazuhiro. "Regional Triple Helix and the Contextualization of Regional Policy." Industry and Higher Education 29, no. 1 (February 2015): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2015.0239.
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A system of university–industry–government (UIG) collaboration in a region can take the form of a Regional Triple Helix (RTH) model. RTH can be regarded as the collective relations of universities, companies and governments. The study was conducted by postal survey, targeting the collaborative activities of companies and examining the case of three selected regions in Japan. When the Triple Helix approach is adopted at regional level, territoriality becomes a critical issue. The more companies that accumulate experience of UIG collaboration, the greater is their ability to exploit external knowledge. Consequently, the RTH structure may become increasingly vulnerable as it evolves. Even though the three regions studied displayed similar local infrastructures, their RTHs differed. To understand the features of RTH clearly, it is argued that regional conditions must be investigated in more detail and thus that RTH, as a regional policy, must be contextualized.
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Nguyen, Tu T., Thang N. Dao, Sriram Aaleti, John W. van de Lindt, and Kenneth J. Fridley. "Seismic assessment of a three-story wood building with an integrated CLT-lightframe system using RTHS." Engineering Structures 167 (July 2018): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.025.
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Ashasi-Sorkhabi, Ali, Hadi Malekghasemi, and Oya Mercan. "Implementation and verification of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) using a shake table for research and education." Journal of Vibration and Control 21, no. 8 (August 9, 2013): 1459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546313498616.
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Idakieva, Krassimira, Heinz Schwarz, Nicolay Genov, Wolfgang Voelter, and Stanka Stoeva. "Rapana thomasiana hemocyanin (RtH): dissociation and reassociation behavior of two isoforms, RtH1 and RtH2." Micron 33, no. 1 (January 2002): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-4328(00)00099-8.
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Clement, N. D., P. Gaston, D. F. Hamilton, A. Bell, P. Simpson, G. J. Macpherson, and J. T. Patton. "A Cost-Utility Analysis of Robotic Arm-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty: Using Robotic Data from the Private Sector and Manual Data from the National Health Service." Advances in Orthopedics 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5962260.
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Purpose. The aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) compared with manual total hip arthroplasty (mTHA) and to assess the influence of annual volume on the relative cost-effectiveness of rTHA. Methods. A database of both rTHA (n = 48 performed in a private centre) and mTHA (n = 512 performed in the National Health Service) was used. Patient demographics, preoperative Oxford hip score, forgotten joint score, EuroQol 5-dimensional 3-level (EQ-5D), and postoperative EQ-5D were recorded. Two models for incremental cost-effectiveness ratios using cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for rTHA were calculated based on a unit performing 100 rTHAs per year: 10-year follow-up and a lifetime time horizon (remaining life expectancy of a 69-year-old patient). Results. When adjusting for confounding factors, rTHA was independently associated with a 0.091 ( p = 0.029 ) greater improvement in the EQ-5D compared to mTHA. This resulted in a 10-year time horizon cost per QALY for rTHA of £1,910 relative to mTHA, which increased to £2,349 per QALY when discounted (5%/year). When using the 10-year time horizon cost per QALY was approximately £3,000 for a centre undertaking 50 rTHAs per year and decreased to £1,000 for centre undertaking 200 rTHAs per year. Using a lifetime horizon, the incremental unadjusted cost per QALY gained was £980 and £1432 when discounted (5%/year) for rTHA compared with mTHA. Conclusions. Despite the increased cost associated with rTHA, it was a cost-effective intervention relative to mTHA due to the associated greater health-related quality of health gain, according to the EQ-5D outcome measure.
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Tasnim Rahman and Muiz Uddin Ahmed Choudhury. "Pattern of road traffic Accident and their consequences in Dhaka City." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 2, Number 2 (July 1, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0202.04.
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Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are one of the eight burning public health issues worldwide causing 1.3 million death every year. This study aimed to see the pattern of road traffic injuries, their consequences, and factors associated within Dhaka city. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Road Traffic Accident victims attended in three largest and tertiary care hospitals located inside the Dhaka metropolitan area through structured interviews between 25 January and 21 February 2017 with a sample size of 140. The majority of injured patients were between 18-37 years. More than 55% of injuries were severe, and intracranial injury (27.1%) was the most common type. T-junction (32.1%) and highways (31.4%) were most places for RTAs where half of the total victims were passengers. Our study indicates age, gender, and educational status were significantly associated with consequences of RTAs (p<0.05). Moreover, among the RTAs related variables, type of vehicle, RTA type, injury place, and treatment approach found significantly associated with consequences of RTAs (P<0.05). The findings of this study could play an important role to build awareness on RTAs among policymakers and general peoples to reduce mortality due to RTIs.
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Cheng, Kimberley, Philip J. B. Koeck, Hans Elmlund, Krassimira Idakieva, Katja Parvanova, Heinz Schwarz, Tomas Ternström, and Hans Hebert. "Rapana thomasiana hemocyanin (RtH): Comparison of the two isoforms, RtH1 and RtH2, at 19Å and 16Å resolution." Micron 37, no. 6 (August 2006): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2005.11.014.
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Vanderstocken, Gilles, Nicholas L. Woolf, Giuseppe Trigiante, Jessica Jackson, and Rory McGoldrick. "Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature." Biomedicines 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061440.
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Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTIs. We used a narrative review approach, searching PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov with search terms including: enzyme therapeutics, enzyme therapy, inhaled therapeutics, botanical enzyme therapeutics, plant enzymes, and herbal extracts. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of enzyme therapeutics in the setting of RTDs and identify and describe several enzyme therapeutics currently used in the respiratory field. In addition, the review includes recent developments concerning enzyme therapies and plant enzymes in (pre-)clinical stages. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked development of several promising new enzyme therapeutics for use in the respiratory setting, and therefore, it is timely to provide a summary of recent developments, particularly as these therapeutics may also prove beneficial in other RTDs.
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Quin, DG, AP Smith, SW Green, and HB HInes. "Estimating the home ranges of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) (Marsupialia: Petauridae), from grid-trapping and radiotelemetry." Wildlife Research 19, no. 4 (1992): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920471.
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In this study, we examined the number of captures and radio-locations of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) necessary to give reasonable estimates of home ranges. Using home ranges determined by radiotelemetry (RTHR) as a standard, we compared nine methods of estimating trap home range (THR) from grid-based mark-recapture data. Correlation analysis was employed to determine which method of estimating THR most closely correlated with RTHRs. A minimum of 12 captures appears to be adequate for reasonable long-term THR estimates derived from the harmonic mean measure (HMM, 50% isopleth). When RTHRs were estimated by either the minimum convex polygon method (MCP) or the HMM (95% isopleth) from loci collected every 30min, a minimum of 36 radio-locations was adequate. Mean RTHR estimates for identical data sets were 53 775m*2 and 35 333m*2 calculated from the MCP and the HMM (95% isopleth) respectively. A number of methods for analysing grid-trapping data produced THR estimates that were significantly correlated with RTHR estimates. Correlations were highest when RTHRs were estimated with the HMM as opposed to the MCP. RTHR estimates derived from the MCP were most strongly correlated with THR estimates derived by the minimum area method, HMM (50% isopleth) and observed range circle (r*2>0.48). When RTHR estimates were derived from the HMM (95% isopleth), the same correlations were higher (r*2>0.88) and THRs estimated by the boundary-strip methods and the adjusted range circle were also highly correlated (r*2>0.65). The significance of the correlations suggests that reasonable short-term THR estimates may be obtained from small capture samples by these above-mentioned methods of calculation. The HMM appeared to exhibit the greatest overall utility, with both radio-tracking and grid-trapping data. The success of the HMM in describing home range appears to be in its ability to depict centres of activity. The technique is most appropriate for animals such as sugar gliders which use concentrated but patchily distributed food resources, and consequently display uneven patterns of use of space.
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Tang, Yu, and Hui Qin. "Applications of the RST Algorithm to Nonlinear Systems in Real-Time Hybrid Simulation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5734720.
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Real-time substructure testing (RST) algorithm is a newly developed integration method for real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) which has structure-dependent and explicit formulations for both displacement and velocity. The most favourable characteristics of the RST algorithm is unconditionally stable for linear and no iterations are needed. In order to fully evaluate the performance of the RST method in solving dynamic problems for nonlinear systems, stability, numerical dispersion, energy dissipation, and overshooting properties are discussed. Stability analysis shows that the RST method is only conditionally stable when applied to nonlinear systems. The upper stability limit increases for stiffness-softening systems with an increasing value of the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity while decreases for stiffness-hardening systems when the instantaneous degree of nonlinearity becomes larger. Meanwhile, the initial damping ratio of the system has a negative impact on the upper stability limit especially for instantaneous stiffness softening systems, and a larger value of the damping ratio will significantly decrease the upper stability limit of the RST method. It is shown in the accuracy analysis that the RST method has relatively smaller period errors and numerical damping ratios for nonlinear systems when compared with other two well-developed algorithms. Three simplified engineering cases are presented to investigate the dynamic performance of the RST method, and the numerical results indicate that this method has a more desirable accuracy than other methods in solving dynamic problems for both linear and nonliner systems.
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Heiblum, Reuven H., Ilan Koren, Orit Altaratz, and Alexander B. Kostinski. "The Consistent Behavior of Tropical Rain: Average Reflectivity Vertical Profiles Determined by Rain Top Height." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 591–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0078.1.
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Abstract Sixteen years of Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) reflectivity profile data are collected for oceanic, continental, and island tropical regions within the boreal winter intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). When sorted by the rain top height (RTH), a consistent behavior emerges where the average reflectivity profiles originating at different RTHs form non-overlapping manifolds in the height–reflectivity space, excluding the brightband regions for stratiform type profiles. Based on reflectivity slope (dBZ km−1) profile characteristics and physical considerations, the profiles are divided into three classes: 1) cold profiles, which originate above the −20°C isotherm height and display convergence to a single reflectivity slope profile independent of RTH; 2) warm profiles, which originate below the 0°C isotherm height and display strong reflectivity slope dependence on RTH, with slope values per RTH linearly decreasing with decreased height; and 3) mixed profiles, which originate at the layer located in between the lowest cold rain and highest warm rain profiles and show a gradual transition from cold profile to warm profile reflectivity slope behavior. Stratiform type profiles show similarity for all regions. It is shown that the typical tropical stratiform cold rain profile can be simply parameterized given the temperature profile. Convective type profiles present larger interregional differences. Their deviation from the typical stratiform cold rain profile is used as a measure for convective intensity, where continental and island regions show larger deviations compared to oceanic ones.
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Sawe, Hendry R., Sveta Milusheva, Kevin Croke, Saahil Karpe, Meyhar Mohammed, and Juma A. Mfinanga. "Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Tanzania: One-Year Prospective Study of Consecutive Patients in 13 Multilevel Health Facilities." Emergency Medicine International 2021 (November 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4272781.
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Background. Road traffic injuries (RTIs) pose a severe public health crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and specifically in Tanzania, where the mortality due to RTIs is nearly double the global rate. There is a paucity of RTI data in Tanzania to inform evidence-based interventions to reduce the incidence and improve care outcomes. A trauma registry was implemented at 13 health facilities of diverse administrative levels in Tanzania. In this study, we characterize the burden of RTIs seen at these health facilities. Methods. This was a one-year prospective descriptive study utilizing trauma registry data from 13 multilevel health facilities in Tanzania from 1 October 2019 to 30 September 2020. We provide descriptive statistics on patient demographics; location; share of injury; nature, type, and circumstances of RTI; injury severity; disposition; and outcomes. Results. Among 18,553 trauma patients seen in 13 health facilities, 7,416 (40%) had RTIs. The overall median age was 28 years (IQR 22–38 years), and 79.3% were male. Most road traffic crashes (RTC) occurred in urban settings (68.7%), involving motorcycles (68.3%). Motorcyclists (32.9%) were the most affected road users; only 37% of motorcyclists wore helmets at the time of the crash. The majority (88.2%) of patients arrived directly from the site, and 49.0% used motorized (two- or three-) wheelers to travel to the health facility. Patients were more likely to be admitted to the ward, taken to operating theatre, died at emergency unit (EU), or referred versus being discharged if they had intracranial injuries (27.8% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.0001 ), fracture of the lower leg (18.9% vs. 6.4%; p < 0.0001 ), or femur fracture (12.9% vs. 0.4%; p < 0.0001 ). Overall, 36.1% of patients were admitted, 10.6% transferred to other facilities, and mortality was 2%. Conclusions. RTCs are the main cause of trauma in this setting, affecting mostly working-age males. These RTCs result in severe injuries requiring hospital admission or referral for almost half of the victims. Motorcyclists are the most affected group, in alignment with prior studies. These findings demonstrate the burden of RTCs as a public health concern in Tanzania and the need for targeted interventions with a focus on motorcyclists.
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Shukla, Amit K., Rachit Sharma, and Pranab K. Muhuri. "A Review of the Scopes and Challenges of the Modern Real-Time Operating Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2018010104.
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A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an integral part of a real-time embedded system (RTES). Most of the RTESs work on dynamic environments, and hence, the computational cost of tasks cannot be calculated in advance. Thus, RTOSs play a significant role in the smooth operations of the RTES through efficient task scheduling schemes and resource managements. This article investigates the existing design challenges and scope of the modern RTOSs. A wide variety of latest RTOSs are discussed and elaborated in detail. A comparative study with their prospects has been explained so that interested readers can use the article as a readily available starting point for their further studies on this topic.
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Kerzner, Benjamin, Kyle N. Kunze, Michael B. O’Sullivan, Karan Pandher, and Brett R. Levine. "An epidemiological analysis of revision aetiologies in total hip arthroplasty at a single high-volume centre." Bone & Joint Open 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.21.bjo-2020-0171.r1.
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Aims Advances in surgical technique and implant design may influence the incidence and mechanism of failure resulting in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). The purpose of the current study was to characterize aetiologies requiring rTHA, and to determine whether temporal changes existed in these aetiologies over a ten-year period. Methods All rTHAs performed at a single institution from 2009 to 2019 were identified. Demographic information and mode of implant failure was obtained for all patients. Data for rTHA were stratified into two time periods to assess for temporal changes: 2009 to 2013, and 2014 to 2019. Operative reports, radiological imaging, and current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were cross-checked to ensure the accurate classification of revision aetiology for each patient. Results In all, 2,924 patients with a mean age of 64.6 years (17 to 96) were identified. There were 1,563 (53.5%) female patients, and the majority of patients were Caucasian (n = 2,362, 80.8%). The three most frequent rTHA aetiologies were infection (27.2%), aseptic loosening (25.2%), and wear (15.2%). The frequency of rTHA for adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) was significantly greater from 2014 to 2019 (4.7% vs 10.0%; p < 0.001), while the frequency of aseptic loosening was significantly greater from 2009 to 2013 (28.6% vs 21.9%; p < 0.001). Conclusion Periprosthetic joint infection was the most common cause for rTHA in the current cohort of patients. Complications associated with ALTR necessitating rTHA was more frequent between 2014 to 2019, while aseptic loosening necessitating rTHA was significantly more frequent between 2009 to 2013. Optimizing protocols for prevention and management of infection and ALTR after THA may help to avoid additional financial burden to institutions and healthcare systems. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;2(1):16–21.
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Mittag, Jens, Thomas Behrends, Kristina Nordström, Joao Anselmo, Björn Vennström, and Lutz Schomburg. "Serum copper as a novel biomarker for resistance to thyroid hormone." Biochemical Journal 443, no. 1 (March 14, 2012): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20111817.
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Thyroid hormone action is mediated by the thyroid hormone receptors TRα1 and TRβ. Defects in TRβ lead to RTH (resistance to thyroid hormone) β, a syndrome characterized by high levels of thyroid hormone and non-suppressed TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). However, a correct diagnosis of RTHβ patients is difficult as the clinical picture varies. A biochemical serum marker indicative of defects in TRβ signalling is needed and could simplify the diagnosis of RTHβ, in particular the differentiation to TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas, which present with clinically similar symptoms. In the present paper we show that serum copper levels are regulated by thyroid hormone, which stimulates the synthesis and the export of the hepatic copper-transport protein ceruloplasmin into the serum. This is accompanied by a concerted reduction in the mRNA levels of other copper-containing proteins such as metallothioneins 1 and 2 or superoxide dismutase 1. The induction of serum copper is abolished in genetically hyperthyroid mice lacking TRβ and human RTHβ patients, demonstrating an important role of TRβ for this process. Together with a previously reported TRα1 specific regulation of serum selenium, we show that the ratio of serum copper and selenium, which is largely independent of thyroid hormone levels, volume changes or sample degradation, can constitute a valuable novel biomarker for RTHβ. Moreover, it could also provide a suitable large-scale screening parameter to identify RTHα patients, which have not been identified to date.
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Jin, Y., L. J. Szabo, Z. A. Pretorius, R. P. Singh, R. Ward, and T. Fetch. "Detection of Virulence to Resistance Gene Sr24 Within Race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (June 2008): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0923.
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The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn. Ug99), and is used widely in commercial wheat cultivars worldwide. In 2006, susceptible infection responses were observed on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr24 in a field stem rust screening nursery at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 28 single-pustule isolates from stem rust samples collected from the 2006 Njoro nursery. The isolates were evaluated for virulence on 16 North American stem rust differential lines; on wheat lines carrying Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN; and on a wheat cultivar with a combination of Sr24 and Sr31. All isolates were identified as race TTKS with additional virulence on Sr31 and Sr38. These isolates were divided into two groups: group A (seven isolates and the two control isolates), producing a low infection type, and group B (21 isolates), producing a high infection type on Sr24, respectively. Isolates of group B represented a new variant of race TTKS with virulence to Sr24. Eighteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to examine the genetic relationship between these two groups of isolates in race TTKS and five North American races (MCCF, QCCQ, RCRS, RTHS, and TPMK) that are representative of distinct lineage groups. All isolates of race TTKS shared an identical SSR genotype and were clearly different from North American races. The virulence and SSR data indicated that the new variant of race TTKS with Sr24 virulence likely has arisen via mutation within the TTKS genetic lineage. We propose to revise the North American stem rust nomenclature system by the addition of four genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN) as the fifth set. This revision recognizes the virulence on Sr31 and differentiates isolates within race TTKS into two separate races: TTKSK and TTKST, with avirulence and virulence on Sr24, respectively. The occurrence of race TTKST with combined virulence on Sr24 and Sr31 has substantially increased the vulnerability of wheat to stem rust worldwide.
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Mahmood, Shaho Osman, Sanny A Sallam, Iman H Wahdan, Khalid Anwar Hama Ghareeb, Yahya Adil Hasan, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Fattah Hama Rahim Fattah, and Tareq H. Abdullah. "Survey on the Causes of Road Traffic Accidents in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq." International Electronic Journal of Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/iejm.2020.06.
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Background: Due to the stability and economic development in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, increase in the number of traffic crashes has been one of the serious challenges that local authorities have faced with. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of road traffic accidents (RTAs), road traffic injuries (RTIs), and their causes in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted based on the data collected from the Health Directorate/ MOH and the Traffic Department/ Ministry of Interior in Sulaimaniyah. A questionnaire was also used to collect required data from RTA casualties who were admitted to Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital during a 6-month period from January first till the end of June 2014. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Based on the results obtained from Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital, there were 251 RTA victims in 2014 within the age range of 1 to 81 years. Moreover, RTAs led to the death of 270 and 280 individuals in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The main causes of RTAs were respectively over speeding (33%), the sudden appearance of a vehicle (13.9%), and vehicle slip (10.4%), speeding (48.7%), followed by drowsiness of the drivers (36.9%), and drunken driving (5.6%). Conclusion: In order to reduce RTAs, the overall quality of roads, quality of cars, and general driving skills should be improved. Moreover, for decreasing the rate of crashes inside the city, public transport modes such as tram or train should be prepared.
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Keeney-Bonthrone, Toby, Andrew Chang, Jules Lin, William Lynch, Philip Carrott, Kiran Lagisetty, Mark Orringer, and Rishi Reddy. "PS02.007: DEVELOPING A ROBOT-ASSISTED ESOPHAGECTOMY PROGRAM IN A HIGH-VOLUME TRANSHIATAL ESOPHAGECTOMY CENTER." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.007.
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Abstract Background Esophagectomies have high morbidity rates regardless of approach. Minimally invasive approaches have been shown to have lower complication rates compared to open operations for Transthoracic and Three-hole (McKeown type) esophagectomies. We examined the perioperative outcomes of a transhiatal robot-assisted approach compared to concurrent transhiatal esophagectomies at the same institution. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all transhiatal and robot-assisted transhiatal esophagectomies performed for esophageal cancer at a single large academic center between January 2013 and December 2017. Outcomes assessed included postoperative complications, procedure time, length of stay, unexpected ICU admissions, 30-day readmission and 30-day mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities and disease severity, was used to evaluate outcomes. Results 378 transhiatal (THE) and 87 robot-assisted (RTHE) esophagectomies met inclusion criteria. RTHE was associated with higher rates of pleural effusion requiring drainage, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism and respiratory failure, as well as empyema requiring treatment. RTHE was associated with a higher number of lymph nodes resected. 56.3% of RTHEs used epidurals vs. 92.3% of THEs. Epidural use had no statistical association with the incidence of pulmonary complications. Differences in atrial fibrillation, anastomotic leak, pneumonia, procedure length, length of stay, 30-day survival and readmission rates were not statistically significant. Conclusion Implementation of a new robot-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy program was associated with higher rates of pulmonary complications and empyema, although there were no differences in length of stay. Further investigation is needed to understand the difference in complications. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Ledger, Jocelyn, Amanda Tapley, Christopher Levi, Andrew Davey, Mieke van Driel, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Jean Ball, et al. "Specificity of early-career general practitioners’ problem formulations in patients presenting with dizziness: a cross-sectional analysis." Family Medicine and Community Health 9, no. 4 (December 2021): e001087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2021-001087.
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ObjectivesDizziness is a common and challenging clinical presentation in general practice. Failure to determine specific aetiologies can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish frequency and associations of general practitioner (GP) trainees’ (registrars’) specific vertigo provisional diagnoses and their non-specific symptomatic problem formulations.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) cohort study data between 2010 and 2018. ReCEnT is an ongoing, prospective cohort study of registrars in general practice training in Australia. Data collection occurs once every 6 months midtraining term (for three terms) and entails recording details of 60 consecutive clinical consultations on hardcopy case report forms. The outcome factor was whether dizziness-related or vertigo-related presentations resulted in a specific vertigo provisional diagnosis versus a non-specific symptomatic problem formulation. Associations with patient, practice, registrar and consultation independent variables were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression.SettingAustralian general practice training programme. The training is regionalised and delivered by regional training providers (RTPs) (2010–2015) and regional training organisations (RTOs) (2016–2018) across Australia (from five states and one territory).ParticipantsAll general practice registrars enrolled with participating RTPs or RTOs undertaking GP training terms.Results2333 registrars (96% response rate) recorded 1734 new problems related to dizziness or vertigo. Of these, 546 (31.5%) involved a specific vertigo diagnosis and 1188 (68.5%) a non-specific symptom diagnosis. Variables associated with a non-specific symptom diagnosis on multivariable analysis were lower socioeconomic status of the practice location (OR 0.94 for each decile of disadvantage, 95% CIs 0.90 to 0.98) and longer consultation duration (OR 1.02, 95% CIs 1.00 to 1.04). A specific vertigo diagnosis was associated with performing a procedure (OR 0.52, 95% CIs 0.27 to 1.00), with some evidence for seeking information from a supervisor being associated with a non-specific symptom diagnosis (OR 1.39, 95% CIs 0.92 to 2.09; p=0.12).ConclusionsAustralian GP registrars see dizzy patients as frequently as established GPs. The frequency and associations of a non-specific diagnosis are consistent with the acknowledged difficulty of making diagnoses in vertigo/dizziness presentations. Continuing emphasis on this area in GP training and encouragement of supervisor involvement in registrars’ diagnostic processes is indicated.
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Kasaie, Alireza, Jung Hyup Kim, Wenbin Guo, and Laurel Despins. "The Impact of Nurse Experience and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment on Nurses’ Workflow in an Intensive Care Unit." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641136.
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The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of Nurse Experience (NE) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) on nurses’ workflow and process time in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In this study, a combination of data from the time-motion study observations, ICU nurses’ Real-Time Location System (RTLS), and the Real-Time Measurement System (RTMS) data were used to develop multiple Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) charts. HTA chart helped us to identify the ICU nurses’ workflow patterns. The results showed that ICU nurses spent over 47% of their time on performing primary care (in-room activities) and 25% on out-of-room activities. Furthermore, NE levels and SOFA scores had significant impacts on the average process time of nurse handoff, in-room Electronic Medical Record (EMR) charting, and the workflow patterns of out-of-room activities and out-of-room EMR usage. The outcomes of this study will provide a detailed workflow of ICU nurses and might help nurse managers to conduct a better strategy for improving ICU nurse’s workflow.
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Hariyanto, Muhammad Riski, and Ahmad Faizal Rangkuti. "ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KONDISI FISIK RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PUBLIK (RTHP) DI KECAMATAN UMBULHARJO." Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Cendekia Utama 9, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.31596/jcu.v9i3.625.
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ABSTRAK Ruang terbuka hijau public (RTHP) merupakan kawasan lahan hijau yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat untuk bersosialisasi, rekreasi, dan ekonomi. Kota Yogyakarta sebagai kota metropolitan dengan intensitas ruang terbangun yang sangat padat hanya memiliki sedikit RTHP, sebagai contoh RTHP Tahunan, Semaki, dan Gajahwong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengelolaan kondisi fisik, mengetahui pengelolaan, mengetahui vegetasi, mengetahui fasilitas, mengidentifikasi kondisi fisik, mengetahui aksesibilitas, dan mengetahui partisipasi masyarakat yang mana semuanya berada di RTHP Kecamatan Umbulharjo. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan dekstriptif kualitatis. Pengambilan data wawancara mendalam. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Instrumen penelitian yaitu peneliti, pedoman wawancara, alat tulis, dan rekam. Analisis menggunakan analysis interactive. Pengelolaan RTHP Gajahwong melakukan perawatan setiap hari memiliki petugas 3 personil sedangkan RTHP Tahunan dan Semaki melakukan perawatan 2 hari sekali memiliki petuas 2 personil. Vegetasi ketiga RTHP sudah baik. Fasilitas di RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki bervariasi dan lengkap seperti adanya area bermain, bangku, sampai tersedianya toilet dan tempat sampah sedangkan RTHP Tahunan sebaliknya. Kondisi fisik terhadap kebersihan di RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki baik sedangkan RTHP Tahunan sebaliknya, RTHP Gajawong dan Tahunan memiliki akses eksternal yang baik dapat dilewati mobil dan motor sedangkan RTHP Semaki sebaliknya. Partisipasi masyarakat di RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki baik menjaga dan merawat sedangkan RTHP Tahunan kurang baik. RTHP Gajahwong memiliki perawatan yang lebih rutin daripada RTHP Tahunan dan Semaki. Ketiga RTHP memiliki kondisi vegetasi yang sama. RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki memliki fasilitas yang lengkap sedangkan RTHP Tahunan sebaliknya. RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki memiliki fasilitas yang lengkap sedangkan Tahunan sebaliknya. RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki memiliki kondisi fisik kebersihan yang baik sedangkan Tahunan sebaliknya. Menuju RTHP Gajahwong dan Tahunan bisa dilewati mobil dan motor sedangkan Semaki sebaliknya. Partisipasi masyarakat di RTHP Gajahwong dan Semaki baik sedangkan Tahunan sebaliknya. Kata Kunci: RTHP Gajahwong, RTHP Semaki, RTHP Tahunan
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Andrews, Julia, and Philumon Joseph. "PI-RTOS: Platform Independent RTOS." International Journal of Computer Applications 102, no. 2 (September 18, 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17785-8565.
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Zhang, Chengliang, Xiuqin Zheng, Rulan Lu, Wenwei Yun, Huifang Yun, and Xianju Zhou. "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of post-stroke dysphagia." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518807340.
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Objective This study was performed to determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) effectively ameliorates dysphagia and how rTMS protocols (bilateral vs. unilateral) combined with NMES can be optimized. Methods Sixty-four patients were randomly divided into four groups using a random distribution table: the sham rTMS plus NMES (Sham-rTMS/NMES), ipsilesional 10-Hz rTMS plus NMES (Ipsi-rTMS/NMES), contralesional 1-Hz rTMS plus NMES (Contra-rTMS/NMES), and bilateral rTMS plus NMES (Bi-rTMS/NMES) groups. Cortical excitability as measured by the amplitude of the motor evoked potential at the mylohyoid muscle cortical representative area, swallowing function as measured by the Standardized Swallowing Assessment, and the degree of dysphagia were evaluated at baseline, after the stimulation course, and at the 1-month follow-up. Results Bi-rTMS/NMES produced higher cortical excitability and better swallowing function recovery. Compared with NMES alone, unilateral rTMS plus NMES had additional effects on cortical excitability and rehabilitation of dysphagia, but there were no differences between the Contra-rTMS/NMES and Ipsi-rTMS/NMES groups. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion The combination of rTMS with NMES was superior to NMES alone in improving the recovery of post-stroke dysphagia, and the combination of bilateral rTMS with NMES was more effective than unilateral rTMS combined with NMES.
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Watson, Laura P. E., Katherine S. Carr, Michelle C. Venables, Carlo L. Acerini, Greta Lyons, Carla Moran, Peter R. Murgatroyd, and Krishna Chatterjee. "Quantifying energy expenditure in childhood: utility in managing pediatric metabolic disorders." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 110, no. 5 (August 13, 2019): 1186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz177.
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ABSTRACT Background Energy expenditure prediction equations are used to estimate energy intake based on general population measures. However, when using equations to compare with a disease cohort with known metabolic abnormalities, it is important to derive one's own equations based on measurement conditions matching the disease cohort. Objective We aimed to use newly developed prediction equations based on a healthy pediatric population to describe and predict resting energy expenditure (REE) in a cohort of pediatric patients with thyroid disorders. Methods Body composition was measured by DXA and REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry in 201 healthy participants. A prediction equation for REE was derived in 100 healthy participants using multiple linear regression and z scores were calculated. The equation was validated in 101 healthy participants. This method was applied to participants with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) disorders, due to mutations in either thyroid hormone receptor β or α (β: female n = 17, male n = 9; α: female n = 1, male n = 1), with deviation of REE in patients compared with the healthy population presented by the difference in z scores. Results The prediction equation for REE = 0.061 * Lean soft tissue (kg) − 0.138 * Sex (0 male, 1 female) + 2.41 (R2 = 0.816). The mean ± SD of the residuals is −0.02 ± 0.44 kJ/min. Mean ± SD REE z scores for RTHβ patients are −0.02 ± 1.26. z Scores of −1.69 and −2.05 were recorded in male (n = 1) and female ( n = 1) RTHα patients. Conclusions We have described methodology whereby differences in REE between patients with a metabolic disorder and healthy participants can be expressed as a z score. This approach also enables change in REE after a clinical intervention (e.g., thyroxine treatment of RTHα) to be monitored.
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Guo, Zhiwei, Yu Jin, Xi Bai, Binghu Jiang, Lin He, Morgan A. McClure, and Qiwen Mu. "Distinction of High- and Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Functional Reorganization of the Motor Network in Stroke Patients." Neural Plasticity 2021 (January 20, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873221.
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Objective. To investigate the functional reorganization of the motor network after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke patients with motor dysfunction and the distinction between high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) and low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS). Methods. Thirty-three subcortical stroke patients were enrolled and assigned to the HF-rTMS group, LF-rTMS group, and sham group. Each patient of rTMS groups received either 10.0 Hz rTMS over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) or 1.0 Hz rTMS over the contralesional M1 for 10 consecutive days. A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and neurological examinations were performed at baseline and after rTMS. The motor network and functional connectivities intramotor network with the core brain regions including the bilateral M1, premotor area (PMA), and supplementary motor area (SMA) were calculated. Comparisons of functional connectivities and Pearson correlation analysis between functional connectivity changes and behavioral improvement were calculated. Results. Significant motor improvement was found after rTMS in all groups which was larger in two rTMS groups than in the sham group. The functional connectivities of the motor network were significantly increased in bilateral M1, SMA, and contralesional PMA after real rTMS. These changes were only detected in the regions of the ipsilesional hemisphere in the HF-rTMS group and in the regions of the contralesional hemisphere in the LF-rTMS group. Significantly changed functional connectivities of the intramotor network were found between the ipsilesional M1 and SMA and contralesional PMA, between contralesional M1 and contralesional SMA, between contralesional SMA and ipsilesional SMA and contralesional PMA in the HF-rTMS group in which the changed connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional PMA was obviously correlated with the motor improvement. In addition, the functional connectivity of the intramotor network between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional PMA was significantly higher in the HF-rTMS group than in the LF-rTMS group. Conclusion. Both HF-rTMS and LF-rTMS have a positive effect on motor recovery in patients with subcortical stroke and could promote the reorganization of the motor network. HF-rTMS may contribute more to the functional connectivity reorganization of the ipsilesional motor network and realize greater benefit to the motor recovery.
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He, M., Z. Gu, X. Wang, and H. Shi. "Treatment of Depression Using Sleep Electroencephalogram Modulated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72847-4.
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Background and purposeThe conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has some inadequate of efficacy weak and inadequate for the treatment of depression, easy symptomatic recurrence when stop the treatment. Ours invented the device of sleep electroencephalogram-modulated rTMS (SEM-rTMS) were safe and effective by proved of the animal experiments and clinical pre-test for the treatment of depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of SEM-rTMS for the treatment of depression.MethodsAfter 7 days without psychoactive medication, 164 patients with clinically defined depression, were randomly assigned to receive SEM-rTMS (N = 57), conventional rTMS (C-rTMS (N = 55), or sham-rTMS (N = 52) for 30 minutes/time/day for 10 days. Before and after scores on the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD-24) and the clinical outcome at the 10th-day of therapy for all subjects were analyzed.ResultsTwenty two cases in the SEM-rTMS group improved mood as compared to 6 in the C-rTMS group and 2 in the sham-rTMS group (c2 = 15.89, p = 0.0004). After completion of the rTMS phase of the protocol, a (51 ± 5) % reduction of HAMD-24 scores from the baseline in the SEM-rTMS group compared with a (34 ± 4)% in the C-rTMS group ((q = 26.09, p = 0.001) and a (14 ± 3)% in Sham-rTMS group (q = 57.53,p = 0.000). The 88% total efficacy ratio in the SEM-rTMS group was significant higher than 68% in the C-rTMS group and 20% in the sham-rTMS group (c2 = 12.01, p = 0.0025). No significant side effects were noted.ConclusionIt is efficient and safe to treat depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. (The registration. No: ChiCTR-TRC-00000438).
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Avanzino, Laura, Marco Bove, Andrea Tacchino, Carlo Trompetto, Carla Ogliastro, and Giovanni Abbruzzese. "Interaction Between Finger Opposition Movements and Aftereffects of 1Hz-rTMS on Ipsilateral Motor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 3 (March 2009): 1690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90428.2008.
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One-hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1Hz-rTMS) over ipsilateral motor cortex is able to modify up to 30 min the motor performance of repetitive finger opposition movements paced with a metronome at 2 Hz. We investigated whether the long-lasting rTMS effect on motor behavior can be modulated by subsequent engagement of the contralateral sensorimotor system. Motor task was performed in different experimental conditions: immediately after rTMS, 30 min after rTMS, or when real rTMS was substituted with sham rTMS. Subjects performing the motor task immediately after rTMS showed modifications in motor behavior ≤30 min after rTMS. On the other hand, when real rTMS was substituted with sham stimulation or when subjects performed the motor task 30 min after the rTMS session, the effect was no longer present. These findings suggest that the combination of ipsilateral 1Hz-rTMS and voluntary movement is crucial to endure the effect of rTMS on the movement itself, probably acting on synaptic plasticity-like mechanism. This finding might provide some useful hints for neurorehabilitation protocols.
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Abo, Masahiro. "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and Rehabilitation." Rinsho Shinkeigaku 53, no. 11 (2013): 1264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.53.1264.
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Bak, Chang-Gyu. "Design of Lightweight RTOS for MCU." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2011): 1301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2011.15.6.1301.
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Ma, Jiang, Jinhua Wang, Chaonan Lv, Jingjuan Pang, Bing Han, Mingwei Wang, and Yuan Gen. "The Role of Hippocampal Structural Synaptic Plasticity in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Cognitive Function in Male SAMP8 Mice." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 41, no. 1 (2017): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000455982.
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Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to improve cognitive function, but the stimulation protocols are variable and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we intend to examine whether 5Hz rTMS with 30% maximum output could improve cognitive functions in senescence-accelerated-prone mouse 8 (SAMP8) through changing synaptic plasticity. Methods: SAMP8 and senescence-accelerated-prone mouse/resistant 1 (SAMR1) (7-month old male) were randomly divided into 3 groups: SMAP8 rTMS group (P8-rTMS), SMAP8 sham-rTMS group (P8-sham), and SAMR1 sham-rTMS group (R1-sham). The P8-rTMS group was treated daily with 5Hz rTMS with 30% maximum output for 14 consecutive days, whereas the other two groups were controls without rTMS stimulation. Morris water maze (MWM) experiment was performed after rTMS or sham treatment to assess the effect of rTMS on cognitive function. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of presynaptic Synapsin (SYN) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) in the hippocampus of these mice. Results: The mean escape latency of the P8-rTMS group was significantly shorter than that of the P8-sham group. The number of platform crossings of the P8-rTMS group was significantly higher than that of the P8-sham group. rTMS significantly upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of SYN and PSD95 in the hippocampus of p8-rTMS mice compared to those of P8 sham mice. Conclusion: 5Hz rTMS with 30% maximum output enhances learning and memory in the SAMP8 mice. This improvement may be associated with the increased expression of synaptic structure proteins SYN and PSD95 in the hippocampus.