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1
Li, Ning Li, Xin Po Zhao, Cai Li Zhang, Hu Hui Li, and Qing Yi Xiao. "Effect of Aging on the Low Temperature Performance of Asphalt Binder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.369.
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During the service of asphalt pavement, the aging makes asphalt binder become brittle, gradually lose flexibility and adhesion. All these result in the low-temperature properties of asphalt pavement to be poor. This paper conducts the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) test on base asphalt and rubber-modified asphalt respectively. The bending beam rheometer (BBR) test was conducted on original asphalts, rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) residuals and RTFOT + pressure aging vessel (PAV) residuals of base asphalt and rubber-modified asphalt respectively. Results indicate that the low-temperature properties of all aged asphalts were declined. The attenuation of low-temperature properties of RTFOT + PAV residuals is larger than that of the RTFOT residuals. The attenuation of different types of asphalt is different. From the overall trend, effect of aging on the low-temperature properties of asphalt binder reduced as the test temperature reduction. The rubber-modified asphalt has superior low-temperature performance than that of base asphalt, and its low-temperature performance decreases more slowly than the base asphalt.
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Migliori, Francis, and Jean-François Corté. "Comparative Study of RTFOT and PAV Aging Simulation Laboratory Tests." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1638, no. 1 (January 1998): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1638-07.
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Tests were performed on unmodified asphalts of 35/50 grade penetration produced by French refineries to determine whether a prolonged pressure aging vessel (PAV) test would provide similar results to those obtained using the Strategic Highway Research Program coupled aging procedure, rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and PAV. Asphalts subjected only to PAV tests and identical samples after RTFOT and increasing PAV time were compared on the basis of ( a) conventional consistency tests, penetration at 25°C, ring and ball softening temperature; ( b) asphaltene content; ( c) creep rheological tests at low temperature with the bending beam rheometer; and ( d) complex modulus tests with the Metravib dynamic rheometer. The results show that a hypothesis of equivalence between the effects of ( a) RTFOT and 5 h of PAV aging at 100°C and under 2.1 MPa and ( b) RTFOT + 20 h of PAV and 25 h of PAV under the same conditions seems acceptable for the category of asphalts investigated.
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Rajput, R. P. S., S. S. Goliya, and R. Mehar. "A study on the effect of aging on pmb40 and crmb55 in bituminous concrete layers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012035.
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Abstract Aging occurs in bituminous materials throughout the construction and service lifespan of asphalt pavement, and it has a substantial impact on their performance. Bitumen aging is one of the primary causes of asphalt pavement degradation. As bitumen ages, asphalt surfaces lose their capacity to alleviate tension during the cooling process, increasing the danger of cracking. The thin film oven test (TFOT) and the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) are two extensively used short-term aging tests (RTFOT). The rotating cylinder-aging test (RCAT) and pressure aging vessel are two extensively used tests in the long-term aging of bitumen (PAV). The suggested research includes the comparison of un-modified bitumen and modified bitumen of waste crumb rubber and plastic rubber. This research was conducted on the aging of different grades of bitumen, that are two modified bitumen, which are PMB40 & CRMB55. After the aging of the bitumen, we conducted some physical property tests on the normal bitumen and RTFOT-modified bitumen. The outcome of the testing of the physical properties was that the RTFOT modified bitumen gained more strength as compared to the normal bitumen after the testing of physical properties of bitumen (Normal Bitumen & RTFOT Modified Bitumen) prepared samples for testing the Marshall Properties. After testing, Marshall Properties’ research can conclude that the RTFOT Modified Bitumen provides more strength compared to the normal bitumen. The RTOFT modified bitumen can be used in rural areas to provide a better pavement surface and longevity of the pavement. Through the aging of bitumen, the adhesion property between bitumen and aggregate becomes strong, so that in a high traffic area, cracks do not develop easily
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Shalaby, Ahmed. "Modelling short-term aging of asphalt binders using the rolling thin film oven test." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-086.
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Simulation of short-term aging of asphalt binders is a widely used procedure in asphalt binder characterization for predicting the binder response to plant mixing and paving under controlled laboratory conditions. There are two laboratory test methods for evaluating the short-term aging of asphalt binders: (i) a method using rotating pans filled with a thin asphalt film termed thin film oven test (TFOT) and (ii) a method using rolling cylindrical asphalt containers termed rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT). In this paper, an attempt is made to develop generalized models for short-term aging effects using the RTFOT aging time as a benchmark. Six binder types representing two PG grades and three source suppliers are conditioned to varying levels of RTFOT aging and tested using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Aging effects are modelled using independent temperature shift models for the shear modulus and phase angle. The paper discusses the sources of errors in producing generalized models and some potential applications of aging models. The research revealed that it is possible to develop and implement such models for unmodified binders.Key words: asphalt, aging, RTFOT, DSR, binder rheology, shear modulus, phase angle.
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Hou, Yue Qin, Xiao Ping Ji, and Xue Zhang Tan. "Application of Nonlinear Differential Dynamic Model to Evaluate Long-Term Aging Behavior of SBS Modified Asphalt." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.376.
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In order to study the long-term aging behavior of SBS modified asphalt, a nonlinear differential dynamic model was developed and the aging tests with rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) for SBS modified asphalt were carried out. The dynamic model was developed referring to the population developing model with two parameters, namely average aging rate and aging ratio. And the differentiation of the dynamic model was the aging rate equation with which can calculate the aging rate at any time. The aging tests with RTFOT for SBS modified asphalt at different times were carried out and the penetration, ductility at 5°C, softening point and viscosity at 135°C were measured after RTFOT. With the rest results, the two parameters of nonlinear differential dynamic model of above four indexes were determined, and further the aging rate equations were deduced. The research results show that the nonlinear differential dynamic model can exactly describe the varying behavior of penetration, ductility, softening point and viscosity of SBS modified asphalt after RTFOT aging test with different time. The aging rate reach maximum value at the beginning and becomes smaller and smaller as the time goes.
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Li, Bo, Yu Wang, Xiaoyu Ren, Xuqiu Teng, and Xiuli Su. "Influence of Ultraviolet Aging on Adhesion Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt Based on the Surface Free Energy Theory." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102046.
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To explore the effect of ultraviolet (UV) aging on the adhesion properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA), WMA binders were prepared by adding Evotherm M1 and Sasobit into base asphalt. The base asphalt and two WMA binders were aged using a self-made UV aging box after a rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT). As a comparison, pressure aging vessel (PAV) tests were performed for asphalt binders after RTFOT. The contact angles between the WMA binder and distilled water, glycerol, and formamide, before and after UV aging, were measured using the sessile drop method. On the basis of the surface free energy (SFE) theory, the SFE and its components, cohesion work, adhesion work, peeling work, and compatibility rate, before and after the UV aging of WMA, were obtained. The results show that the contact angle between WMA and water gradually increases with the degree of UV aging, which indicates that the aging increases the hydrophobicity of asphalt. After the RTFOT aging, UV aging at different times, and PAV aging, the SFE and its component, as well as cohesion work for all asphalt binders were reduced. The attenuation was severe after UV aging, followed by PAV aging and RTFOT aging. With the extension of UV aging time, the adhesion work, hot mix asphalt, and limestone aggregate compatibility rate gradually reduced, the peeling work increased, and the overall adhesion performance became poor. Under the aging effect of RTFOT and PAV, the Evotherm M1 WMA had the strongest anti-peeling ability, better compatibility, and the best adhesion. When the UV aging time of Sasobit WMA reached 100 h, the adhesion performance increased.
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Rojas, Joyce, Heriberto Amado, Wilmar Fernández, and Freddy Reyes. "Efectos de la radiación ultravioleta en asfaltos colombianos." Revista científica 1, no. 15 (March 5, 2013): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448350.3947.
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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo el envejecimiento a corto y largo plazo de dos asfaltos colombianos (60/70 y 80/100 de Barrancabermeja) a través de ensayos como Horno Rotatorio de Película Delgada (RTFO, por sus siglas en inglés) y Envejecimiento Acelerado de Vasija a Presión (PAV, por sus siglas en inglés), y un ensayo adicional de RTFOT más radiación Ultra Violeta UV a dos periodos distintos de exposición. Las propiedades reológicas y físicas de estos ligantes fueron analizadas en todas sus etapas mediante ensayos de penetración, ductilidad, punto de ablandamiento, viscosímetro rotacional y Reómetro de Corte Dinámico (DSR, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados muestran que tanto para la caracterización física, como para la caracterización reológica, el comportamiento de las muestras de los ligantes tratados con RTFOT y PAV es similar a las muestras tratadas con RTFOT y radiación UV por un periodo de 100 horas.
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QasemJaber, Zahraa, and Mohammed Issam Younis. "Design and Implementation of Real Time Face Recognition System (RTFRS)." International Journal of Computer Applications 94, no. 12 (May 16, 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/16395-6014.
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Gunka, Volodymyr, Yurii Hrynchuk, Iurii Sidun, Yuriy Demchuk, Yuriy Prysiazhnyi, and Michael Bratychak. "Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 6. Temperature Effect on the Chemical Modification of Bitumen with Maleic Anhydride." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.03.475.
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The oxidized bitumen produced at the Ukrainian refinery was modified with maleic anhydride. The process temperature was proved to have the most significant effect on modification. The chemical interaction of maleic anhydride with the components of oxidized bitumen was confirmed. At low temperatures (up to 403 K) the chemistry of the modification process is another than chemistry of the process carried out at high temperatures. The structures of the modified bitumen were established at different process temperatures (403, 423 and 443 K) using FTIR spectroscopy. A thin film heating at 436 K (RTFOT method) was performed for the bitumen under study. It was found that for bitumen modified at 403 K, the formed structure is destroyed after heating by RTFOT, which is confirmed by a decrease in the softening point of the bitumen. The FTIR spectra of the original oxidized bitumen and bitumen modified with maleic anhydride at 403 and 443 K were recorded after the RTFOT heating process. Based on the obtained data, the structural transformations that occurred during heating were established.
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Wang, Sheng, Weidong Huang, Xueyan Liu, and Peng Lin. "Aging Characteristics of Rubber Modified Bitumen Mixed with Sulfur after Terminal Blend Process." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052612.
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The influence of sulfur on the chemical, rheological, and aging resistance of terminal blend rubberized bitumen (TBRB) was studied. TB hybrid bitumen (TBHB) was prepared from with different sulfur contents (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 wt%) and TBRB prepared with neat bitumen and crumb rubbers at 20% content. TBHB binders were aged by rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV), respectively. The chemical composition of TBHB binders was monitored by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Rheological properties of all TBHB samples were tested. Chemical composition results show that TBHB can inhibit the degradation of polybutadiene compared with TBRB in the RTFOT stage, and the polybutadiene degradation is the main process of TBHB in the RTFOT stage, while the TBHB is mainly desulfurized after PAV aging. Meanwhile, the increase in sulfur content in the TBHB can improve the desulfurization degree of the TBHB binder after PAV. TBRB containing sulfur can improve the mechanical properties and elasticity and reduce the hardening degree during aging. Moreover, blending sulfur into the TBRB caused a lower complex modulus aging index after aging, which indicates that TBHB has superior aging resistance.
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Ibrahim, Bahruddin, Arya Wiranata, and Alfian Malik. "The Effect of Addition of Antioxidant 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline on Characteristics of Crepe Rubber Modified Asphalt in Short Term Aging and Long Term Aging Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207236.
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The use of natural rubber to resist bitumen is usually prone to degradation and aging. One method to overcome this problem is the addition of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of antioxidants 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline (TMQ) on natural rubber modified asphalt crepe rubber and its performance in short-term and long-term aging conditions. The modified rubber asphalt mixture’s manufacture begins by melting the crepe rubber at 200 °C before being mixed in asphalt at 165 °C. Addition of antioxidant TMQ during the stirring process of the mixture of asphalt and melted rubber. The crepe rubber content was 8, 10, and 12% w/w, while the TMQ content was 1, 2, and 3% w/w of the total sample weight. The modified asphalt samples’ characterization included penetration, softening point, weight loss after a rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT), penetration after RTFOT, and Marshall test. Review of the performance of asphalt under short-term aging conditions using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Evaluation of asphalt performance under long-term aging conditions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the fact that the best-modified asphalt product was the addition of 10% crepe rubber and 2% TMQ. The best-modified asphalt characteristics have penetration 68.70 dmm, softening point 55.45 °C, weight loss only 0.0579%, penetration after RTFOT 59.60, Marshall stability 1403.96 kg with optimum asphalt content of 5.50%, and rutting factor (G*/Sinδ) 6.91 kPa and 16.1 kPa before and after RTFOT. Overall, the modified crepe rubber asphalt can improve the performance of the asphalt in terms of durability. Simultaneously, the antioxidant TMQ works very well in increasing the resistance of bitumen to aging in the conditions of short-term aging and long-term aging.
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Sá da Costa, M., Fabienne Farcas, L. F. Santos, M. I. Eusébio, and António Correia Diogo. "Chemical and Thermal Characterization of Road Bitumen Ageing." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.273.
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Bitumen ageing stands for a number of physico-chemical modifications that occur in bitumen as a response to environmental conditions. Several tests have been proposed to simulate bitumen ageing. Two of the most common ones are: a) the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT), which simulates short term ageing; b) the Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV) test, which accounts for long-term ageing and it is usually performed on the RTFOT residue. A study of the physico-chemical modifications of a 50/70 pavement grade bitumen caused by ageing is presented. Both RTFOT and PAV tests were used. A follow-up of bitumen modifications due to ageing was done by several methods. In particular: 1) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to follow bitumen oxidation by the increase of oxygenated functional groups, which were quantified by taking appropriate structural indices; 2) Iatroscan thin layer chromatography (TLC), to follow bitumen composition expressed by the generic SARA fractions (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes); 3) Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), under “ultra-fast” conditions, to follow the colloidal structure of bitumen; and 4) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to evaluate the changes of the crystallized fractions (%FC) and the glass relaxation temperature (Tg). The results show that the PAV test causes more severe changes in bitumen than the RTFOT test. In particular, the evolution of the oxidation processes could be quantified by taking carbonyl and sulfoxide structural indices. Ageing also modified the SARA profile, namely, the relative contribution of aromatics, resins and asphaltenes fractions. On the other hand, DSC data remained almost unaffected after ageing tests, which may be indicative of the survival of most of the phases of the bitumen after these tests. Finally, a comparative analysis of the sensitivity and performance of all these methods is presented.
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Galkin, Andrey, Serhii Oksak, and Yan Pyrig. "COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS BINDERS AFTER AGING BY DIFFERENT METHODS." Dorogi i mosti 2022, no. 26 (October 3, 2022): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2022.26.092.
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Introduction. The performance and durability of asphalt pavements are majorly conditioned by the quality of the bituminous binders. One of the main disadvantages of asphalt pavements is the permanent change in their properties in time due to the aging of the binder. Various laboratory methods of aging are used to predict the intensity of changes in the properties of bituminous binders that occur during the asphalt mixing at plants and the lifetime of asphalt concrete in the pavement. Problem Statement. In Ukraine, with the implementation of European principles of standardization and the transition to harmonized European standards, there is a gradual replacement of the aging method ГОСТ 18180, which has long been used in the domestic road industry, with the world-accepted RTFOT aging method. Due to the different conditions set in these methods of aging, the question of the impact of differences in aging regimes on the properties of bituminous binders, the possibility of comparing the results obtained by these two methods and the interchangeability of methods is topical. Purpose. The aim of the work is to obtain the influence of the methods of aging adopted in the road industry of Ukraine on the change of properties of road viscous bitumens and bituminous binders, modified with various additives. Materials and methods. Viscous bitumens and bituminous binders modified with various additives (adhesive additives, polymers, structuring additives) used in the domestic road industry are used as objects of research. For methods of aging the domestic method ГОСТ 18180 (for a long time this method was the only one in Ukraine used for estimation of change of properties of bituminous binders under the influence of technological temperatures and which, under test conditions, is close to the standardized method TFOT), as well as the world’s widespread RTFOT method of aging are used. Results. Based on the obtained experimental data, it is found that aging by the ГОСТ 18180 method has a slightly greater effect on the change of properties than after aging by the RTFOT method. The least sensitive indicator of aging conditions is the breaking point temperature — the difference between the values of this indicator after aging by different methods is within the convergence of the method. The conditions of the aging method have the greatest effect on the quality of bitumens modified with adhesives. The relatively short heating time of binders in accordance with the conditions of the RTFOT aging method leads to less change in the adhesion of binders to the glass surface, which may contribute to misleading in thermal stability of adhesives. Conclusions. When revising the domestic standards for technical conditions for bituminous binders, which provide for the replacement of the aging method according to GOST 18180 by the RTFOT method and setting of limits for changing the standard quality of binders after aging, should take into account the slightly lower aging intensity of RTFOT binders. This is especially true for the adhesion requirements of bitumens modified with adhesives.
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Pyrig, Yan, Andrii Galkin, Serhii Oksak, Iaroslav Ilin, and Yana Shyika. "Influence of Rejuvenator on the Properties of Bitumen and Asphalt Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 938 (December 26, 2022): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-b11x6t.
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The article considers the influence of the domestic rejuvenator Lux «ЕD-L» on the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete. The influence of the rejuvenator on the origin bitumen properties, on the properties of bitumen after RTFOT hardening, and on the rate of bitumen hardening is performed. It is shown that the properties of bitumen hardened by RTFOT method are completely restored to the level of bitumen before technological hardening under the influence of the rejuvenator. The high rate of the adsorption of additive by bitumen was proved with the evaluation of the bitumen adhesion to the mineral surface. An advantage of the rejuvenator Lux «ЕD-L» is a significant improvement in the adhesion properties of bitumen. Treatment of asphalt concrete mixtures conditioned according to the AASHTO R 30-02 method with the rejuvenator leads to the improvement of the quality indicators of asphalt concrete made on these mixtures.
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Yimyong, Sarunya, Tatsiana U. Datsenka, Avtar K. Handa, and Kanogwan Seraypheap. "Hot Water Treatment Delays Ripening-associated Metabolic Shift in ‘Okrong’ Mango Fruit during Storage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 136, no. 6 (November 2011): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.136.6.441.
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Effects of hot water treatment (HWT) on metabolism of mango (Mangifera indica cv. Okrong) fruit during low-temperature storage (LTS) and subsequent room temperature fruit ripening (RTFR) were examined. Mature-green ‘Okrong’ mango fruit were treated by immersing in hot (50 ± 1 °C) or ambient (30 ± 1 °C) water for 10 min, stored either at 8 or 12 °C for 15 days, followed by transfer to room temperature (30 ± 2 °C) for 5 days. Rate of ethylene production was significantly reduced by HWT during LTS and RTFR in all treatments. HWT increased catalase activity, suppressed ascorbate peroxidase activity, and had no effect on glutathione reductase activity during the ripening phase but showed a slight stimulatory effect during LTS. HWT altered RNA transcripts of manganese–superoxide dismutase, pectate lyase, β-galactosidase, and β-1,3-glucanase, which exhibited increases during LTS. RTFR of LTS fruit caused reduction in transcript levels of these genes, except pectate lyase. Total protein patterns were altered by all treatments during LTS and RTFR, but HWT arrested loss of several proteins during RTFR. Taken together, results provide strong evidence that HWT increases the storage period of mango by extending fruit shelf life through the regulation of a myriad of metabolic parameters, including patterns of antioxidant and cell wall hydrolase genes and protein expression during storage at low and ambient temperatures.
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Kwon, Hui Tae, Sang Wan Kim, Won Joo Lee, Dae Hoon Wee, and Yoon Kim. "A Recessed-channel Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (RTFET) with the Asymmetric Source and Drain." JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science 16, no. 5 (October 30, 2016): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2016.16.5.635.
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Naskar, M., K. S. Reddy, T. K. Chaki, M. K. Divya, and A. P. Deshpande. "Effect of ageing on different modified bituminous binders: comparison between RTFOT and radiation ageing." Materials and Structures 46, no. 7 (October 23, 2012): 1227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9966-3.
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Michon, Laurent, Daniel A. Netzel, Bernard Hanquet, Didier Martin, and Jean-Pascal Planche. "CARBON-13 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE PARAMETERS OF RTFOT AGED ASPHALTS: THREE PROPOSED MECHANISMS FOR AROMATIZATION." Petroleum Science and Technology 17, no. 3-4 (March 1999): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916469908949723.
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Chen, Huiqiang, Ge Tang, and Xiong Wang. "Aging Characteristics of Plant Hot-Mix Recycled Asphalt and Its Induced Aging on New Asphalt." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050908.
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In order to explore the aging process and mechanism of new and old asphalt in plant hot-mix recycled asphalt mixture during the mixing and use process, the liquid viscosity test and low-temperature bending creep test are carried out to test the dynamic viscosity, stiffness modulus, creep rate, and low-temperature flexibility of the matrix asphalt, recycled asphalt, and old and new asphalt after rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) aging and pressurized aging vessel (PAV) aging. The macroscopic performance attenuation law of new and old asphalt during the aging process in thermal regeneration is compared and analyzed. After that, the aging process and mechanism of new and old asphalt are explored by infrared spectroscopy and differential calorimetric analysis scanning. The results show that RTFOT aging and PAV aging make the viscosity of recycled asphalt rise significantly and the low temperature performance decline rapidly. After RTFOT aging and PAV aging of new and old asphalt, the dynamic viscosity and low-temperature performance change range is much higher than that of the matrix asphalt. Some technical indicators are even closer to the recycled asphalt after aging, which proves that its aging speed is faster than that of the matrix asphalt. Meanwhile, the results of infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis show that in addition to the independent aging of new asphalt and recycled asphalt, there is also a chemical effect between them–that is, some active groups in recycled asphalt have a more obvious promotion effect on the aging process of new asphalt, here called “induced aging”. This induced aging changes the aging mechanism of the matrix asphalt by changing the aging process of it, which greatly limits the popularization and application of thermal regeneration technology.
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An, Xijie, Ying Gao, Zizhen Dong, Qinglin Guo, Lili Li, and Yancang Li. "Effects of Commercial Antioxidants on Aging Resistances of Asphalt Binders." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7725148.
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Asphalt aging has a direct influence on the durability of asphalt mixture. In order to improve thermal oxidizing aging resistance of asphalt, the commercial antioxidants including Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 were selected to modify base asphalt and SBR asphalt. The basic properties of modified asphalt before and after the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) are evaluated by penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was applied to determine the antiaging mechanism of modified and unmodified asphalt. According to the test result, Irganox 1010 not only reduces the aging degree of asphalt but also has little adverse effect on other properties. Irgafos 168 with a content of 1% improves the low temperature ductility of asphalt and improves the antiaging performance of asphalt significantly. After RTFOT, the content of oxygen-containing functional groups (carbonyl group and sulfoxide group) declines significantly in antioxidation modified asphalt, and Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 inhibit oxidizing reaction in the aging procedure. This study can provide a useful reference for improving the aging property of asphalt in highway construction.
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Celauro, Clara, Rosalia Teresi, and Nadka Tz Dintcheva. "Effect of Short-Term and UV Irradiation Aging on the Behaviour of SBS-Modified Bitumen." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116915.
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To obtain road bitumen with improved temperature and fatigue resistance, polymers and/or rubbers could be added to it. A particularly suitable polymer for bitumen modification is styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer but limited information is available about the ageing behaviour of modified binders. In this work, two neat bitumens, with different penetration grades, and two SBS-modified bitumens, containing different SBS amounts, were selected, and their short-term and UVB ageing behaviour were investigated considering dynamic shear rheometry and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transformation InfraRed spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Short-time ageing behaviour was investigated performing the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT), while artificial UV ageing was examined/investigated using UVB lamps. The structural changes in bitumen were monitored at different UV exposure times. All the results suggest that the bitumen having higher penetration grade is more stable than the one with a lower penetration grade in the RTFOT ageing condition, and SBS addition exerts a beneficial effect on thermal stability during processing. Further, SBS addition also has a beneficial effect on the UV ageing resistance of bitumen, reducing its oxidation tendency.
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Mieczkowski, Paweł, Robert Jurczak, and Bartosz Budziński. "Asphalt concretes with metal-organic frameworks for highways and expressway road surfaces." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2018, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_18_11_09.
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The aim of performed research and analysis is the evaluation of the influence of metal-organic catalyst (MOC) on the properties of asphalt concretes designed for KR5-7 traffic load. The anhydrous iron (III) chloride was added as a metal-organic catalyst in the amount of 2,5% of asphalt mass. The study determined the properties of asphalt concrete with modified binder (70/100+2,5% FeCl3) and referential asphalt concrete with typical binder 35/50. The test included determination of water and freeze-thaw resistance (ITSR) and resistance to permanent deformation. Additional basic tests were performed to compare the properties of modifies, the 70/100 and 35/50 asphalt. The research was performed for three binder conditions: before aging, short-term aging in accordance with RTFOT and PAV long-term aging. The test results allowed to determine the IP penetration index. Additionally, for 35/50 asphalt and modified binder the dynamic viscosity was determined before and after aging in accordance with RTFOT. The addition of metal-organic catalyst increased the resistance of the asphalt concrete to permanent deformation without changing its water and freeze-thaw resistance. In case of the 70/100 asphalt the addition of MOC improved the hardness (especially after short- and long-term aging) and influenced the rheology.
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Wang, Sheng, Weidong Huang, Xueyan Liu, Peng Lin, Shisong Ren, and Yi Li. "Effect of High Content of Waste Tire Rubber and Sulfur on the Aging Behavior of Bitumen." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 5417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115417.
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High content rubber modified bitumen (HCRMB) prepared from the high content of waste tire rubber and bitumen has good performance while allowing greater use of the waste tires. However, HCRMB is subject to aging during use, which can affect its performance. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of high content of waste tire rubber and sulfur on the aging behavior of bitumen. The properties of all bitumen were tested using rolling thin film oven aging (RTFOT) test, pressure aging vessel (PAV) test, frequency sweep tests, temperature sweep (TS) test, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) test. Test results show that the addition of sulfur to HCRMB leads to an improvement in the elasticity of HCRMB. The elasticity of HCRMB with different amounts of sulfur increases with aging. In addition, the increase in the amount of sulfur can improve the RTFOT aging resistance and the PAV aging resistance of HCRMB. Sulfur cannot reduce the degree of oxidation of HCRMB after aging, but can inhibit the degree of desulfurization of HCRMB. Furthermore, the aging process of HCRMB with different amounts of sulfur is dominated by the degradation of polybutadiene.
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Li, Li, and Shen Jia Tong. "Laboratory Evaluation of Ultraviolet Radiation for Asphalt Pavement Performance in Desert Regions." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.481.
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There is very strong ultraviolet radiation in western desert of China. In order to study the behavior of ultraviolet aging for bitumen, three type of bitumen were aged in the laboratory. The ultraviolet aging and thermal aging under the condition of artificial intensive ultraviolet radiation environment test and the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) were comparative investigated. The results showed that the impact of ultraviolet aging manifests longer time than that of thermal aging for bitumen.
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Leslie, Lance M., and Terry C. L. Skinner. "Real-Time Forecasting of the Western Australian Summertime Trough: Evaluation of a New Regional Model." Weather and Forecasting 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0371:rtfotw>2.0.co;2.
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Liu, Xiaoming, Tingyu Li, and Henglong Zhang. "Short-term aging resistance investigations of polymers and polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt binders under RTFOT aging process." Construction and Building Materials 191 (December 2018): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.060.
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Vassiliev, Nikolai Y., Richard R. Davison, and Charles J. Glover. "Development of a Stirred Airflow Test Procedure for Short-Term Aging of Asphaltic Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1810, no. 1 (January 2002): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1810-04.
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Short-term aging procedures, either the thin-film oven test or the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT), are used to approximate the aging that occurs by asphalt binders during the hot-mix process. For unmodified binders, both of these procedures do a reasonable job of duplicating this aging not only with respect to physical property changes in the binder but also with respect to oxidation, as measured by changes in the infrared absorption spectrum. For modified binders, however, significant difficulties exist, among them surface skin formation and poor flow in the bottles. A new apparatus specifically designed to age modified binders as well as unmodified binders has been developed. This apparatus consists of a temperature-controlled vessel, a tube for introducing either nitrogen or air, a dispersing impeller for mixing the air and binder, and a condenser for collecting volatiles. Besides temperature, gas flow rate and mixing speed are controlled to desired values. The collection of volatiles allows a direct, rather than indirect, measure of volatiles loss. The required aging time of 30 min is less than the RTFOT’s 85 min. Tests of the process with unmodified binders achieved excellent comparisons with RTFOT aging in both physical properties (dynamic shear rheometer) and oxidative aging (Fourier-transform infrared analysis). Trials with modified binders achieved uniform aging with no complications caused by the rheology of these materials. Modified binders studied included polymer-modified styrene butadiene diblock copolymer and styrene butadiene triblock copolymer materials.
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Jiang, Cheng Jian, Bao Quan Li, Ya Jun Wang, and Jing Cai Wang. "Influence of Ultraviolet Irradiation Quantity on Asphalt Rheological Performance." Key Engineering Materials 599 (February 2014): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.599.173.
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The DSR was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultraviolet aging on asphalt rheological performance. In the experiment, RTFOT test was used to simulate the short-term aging of asphalt binder, indoor intelligent ultraviolet aging box is used to simulate ultraviolet aging of asphalt. The aging temperature was set at 50 ��C. Aging days were 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days. For high temperature frequency scanning and low temperature frequency scanning of ultraviolet aging asphalt. The experimental results show that the ultraviolet aging have great influence on asphalt basic performance indicators and rheological properties.
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Wu, Yao Dong. "The Performance Evaluation of Modified Asphalt by Polyphosphoric Acid and SBS." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.350.
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The paper evaluate asphalt modified effects by PPA.The relationship of performance is compared between SBS modified asphalt and modified asphalt with different proportion SBS and different proportion PPA by tests such as the Penetration, Softening point, Ductility, viscosity and performance index of after aging RTFOT and after aging PAV. Results showed that 4%SBS and 1.5% PPA modified asphalt binder provided road performance as well as 5%SBS only binder. It is remarkable effect for improving road performance of PPA modified asphalt on high temperature, anti-aging, storage stability.
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Ghiglino, A., M. Magán, A. Zarraoa-Garmendia, B. W. Riemer, F. Sordo, A. Abdou, T. J. McManamy, F. J. Bermejo, and J. M. Perlado. "Tests on the SNS Rotating Target Design at the RTFT (ESS BILBAO)." Physics Procedia 60 (2014): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2014.11.022.
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Koudelka, Tomas, Michal Varaus, and Pavel Sperka. "Influence of Aging on Oil Rejuvenated Binder." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.528.
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The presence of aged binder in asphalt mixtures containing high amount of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the main reason why the technology of oil rejuvenation (modification) was introduced. When the recycling rate generally exceeds 25 %, it is essential to modify aged binder characteristics in order to guarantee that asphalt mixture performance remains the same as in the case of the virgin mixture. Reclaimed asphalt binder is much stiffer compared to the virgin binder and therefore it is perceived to be susceptible to cracking at low temperatures. The aim of this study is to compare various oil modifiers and evaluate their effects on rheological characteristics before and after the aging. Four different oils were blended together with an artificially aged binder in concentrations which ensure that resulting blends have similar properties as the virgin reference binder. The effect of aging during the production process was simulated by the RTFOT (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) procedure, long term aging was then simulated by modified RTFOT test with prolonged exposition period. The blends performance assessment was carried out by the frequency sweep test on the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and by the evaluation of the critical temperatures on the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). The results indicate that addition of oil rejuvenators did not negatively influence binder stiffness at higher temperatures and at the same time enhanced its properties at low temperatures significantly. However, due to the aging effect the difference between stiffness critical temperature and m-value critical temperature increase considerably which might indicate decreasing colloidal stability and lower ability to relax induced stresses.
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Donchenko, M., and O. Grynyshyn. "Investigation of resistance of modified bitumines to technological aging." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2022.01.056.
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A comparison of the ability of modifiers of different classes to slow down the aging processes occurring in petroleum bitumen during pavement operation is presented in the article. Oxidized and residual road bitumens were used as research objects. Determination of resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air was performed by the RTFOT method. Samples of oxidized bitumen with the addition of petroleum polymer resins with hydroxyl functional groups and heavy pyrolysis resin were found to have the best resistance, while for residual bitumen the highest resistance was observed with the introduction of heavy pyrolysis resin and sulfur.
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Wang, Chao, Jin Xi Zhang, and Ping Ping Song. "Short-Term Ageing Influence on the Creep and Recovery Characteristics of Asphalt Binders." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2045.
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This paper focused on the short-term ageing influence on the creep and recovery characteristics of neat and SBS modified asphalt binders at two different stress levels. Using the MSCR test conducted on dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), it can be concluded that the RTFOT short-term ageing process was observed to decrease the nonrecoverable compliance (Jnr) and increase the average recovery percent (R) for almost all binders, which was more notable at a high stress level especially for SBS modified binders. Additionally, stress level applied in test played a key role in evaluating the viscoelastic properties of different asphalt binders, and SBS modified binder exhibited more stress sensitive than neat binders.
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Wang, Qing, Haolei Chang, Decai Wang, Shengneng Hu, Pingrang Wang, and Chengshi Zhang. "Research on High-Temperature Rheological Properties of Emulsified Asphalt Mastics and Their Influencing Factors." Coatings 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050635.
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The high-temperature rheological properties of emulsified asphalt mastics have a significant impact on the service performance of cold recycled mixtures with asphalt emulsions. In this paper, a dynamic shear rheological (DSR) test and a multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test are carried out to analyze the influence of tunneling coal gangue powder (TCGP), portland cement (PC), limestone powder (LP), and four kinds of filler binder ratio (F/B) on the high-temperature rheological properties of emulsified asphalt mastics before and after rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) ageing. Based on the principle of time–temperature equivalence and a viscoelasticity material model, the main curve of emulsified asphalt mastics under frequency scanning test is established, and the rheological properties of emulsified asphalt mastics in a wide frequency domain are analyzed. Finally, the grey entropy theory is used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between different high temperature performance evaluation indices of emulsified asphalt mastics. The results show that the RTFOT ageing process can significantly enhance the high temperature deformation resistance of emulsified asphalt residue and its mastics. The rutting factor (G*/sin) of emulsified asphalt mastics increases exponentially with the increase of F/B, while the phase angle is less affected. TCGP mastics and PC mastics have better high temperature performances than those of LP mastics. The most suitable range of F/B is 0.9~1.2 when TCGP is used as the filler, and 1.2~1.5 when PC or LP is used as the filler. Grey entropy correlation analysis shows that there is a good correlation between the two evaluation systems of the DSR test and the MSCR test, and both can evaluate the high-temperature performance of emulsified asphalt mastics.
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Zhou, De Jie, Nian Feng Han, and Xin De Tang. "PS-MMT/SBS Composite Modified Asphalt: Preparation and Aging Property." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.912.
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The PS-MMT was synthesized through intercalating styrene monomer into the layer of MMT by in-situ polymerization. Composite modified asphalts with PS-MMT and SBS were prepared by melt blending. Rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) was carried out to study the aging property. The results demonstrate that both modified MMT and SBS homogeneously disperse in the base asphalt, which lead to an improvement in terms of toughness, strength, and thermal stability. Impact of the PS-MMT on the properties of SBS modified asphalt appears as a decreasing penetration, an increasing softening point, and a decreasing ductility. Compared with that of SBS modified asphalt, the anti-aging property of PS-MMT /SBS modified asphalt was greatly improved.
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Hu, Su Min, Chao Hui Wang, Qun Le Du, and Rui Li. "Research on Aging Properties of Tourmaline Modified Asphalt." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1715.
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Aging properties of tourmaline modified asphalt prepared by melt blending were studied. The change laws of aging properties of asphalt caused by different types and contents of tourmaline were studied systematically by rotated thin film oven tests (RTFOT), in which the indices of aged residues such as softening point, penetration and ductility were tested. The results showed that the anti-aging performance of asphalt was improved effectually with addition of tourmaline, the ratio of residual penetration and ductility increased, and the softening point increment of aged asphalt decreased. The improvement of anti-aging performance of asphalt reduced with the increasing mixing amount of tourmaline. Tourmaline anion powder (5000ions) was recommended to improve the anti-aging performance of asphalt.
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Han, Nian Feng, De Jie Zhou, and Xin De Tang. "Effect of Nano Calcium Carbonate and Montmorillonite on Properties of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Copolymer Modified Asphalt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.1035.
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Composite modified asphalts with nano calcium carbonate (nano CaCO3)/ SBS and nano montmorillonite (nano MMT)/SBS were prepared respectively by melt blending. Rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) was carried out to study the aging properties. The results demonstrate that CaCO3/SBS and MMT/SBS homogeneously disperse in the base asphalt, which lead to an improvement in terms of toughness, strength, and thermal stability. Effects of the nano CaCO3 and nano MMT on the properties of SBS modified asphalt appear as a decreasing penetration, an increasing softening point, and a decreasing ductility. The anti-aging property of the nano MMT/SBS modified asphalt was better than that of the CaCO3/SBS modified asphalt and SBS modified asphalt.
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Lima, Orlando, Cátia Afonso, Iran Rocha Segundo, Salmon Landi, Natália C. Homem, Elisabete Freitas, Amanda Alcantara, et al. "Asphalt Binder “Skincare”? Aging Evaluation of an Asphalt Binder Modified by Nano-TiO2." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101678.
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Aging by oxidation of asphalt roadway material promotes changes in its physical, chemical, and rheological properties, affecting its hardening and accelerating the degradation of its corresponding asphalt mixture. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been applied in engineering investigations to promote anti-aging and photocatalytic properties. In this study, a commercial binder was modified with nano-TiO2 (using contents of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6%). It was evaluated by physicochemical and rheological tests (penetration, softening point, mass loss, dynamic viscosity, rheology, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—FTIR) before and after aging by rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV). The results indicated that incorporating nano-TiO2 mitigates binder aging, pointing out 0.25% as an optimum modification content for the investigated asphalt binder.
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Wang, Huiru, Yanmin Wang, Xian Li, Min Chen, Yanling Wu, Cuicui Sun, and Xiaoning Wang. "Antiaging Property and Mechanism of Phase-Change Asphalt with PEG as an Additive." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (November 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7598049.
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In this study, phase-change asphalt was prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG-1000) as a modifier. The short- and long-term antiaging performances were characterized by rolling-thin-film-oven (RTFOT) and pressure-aging vessel (PAV) tests, respectively. The functional groups and “bee structures” of PEG-modified asphalt and base asphalt were characterized by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The research results indicate that the additive of PEG can improve the high-temperature, temperature sensitivity, and the antiaging properties of asphalt. The FTIR reveals that only physical blending and no chemical reaction occurs between PEG and asphalt. AFM topography indicates that smaller “bee structures” appear on the surface of PEG-modified asphalt and these structures do not change during aging.
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Hermadi, Madi, and Willy Pravianto. "The Effect of Resins on Rheological and ageing Characteristics of Bitumen for Pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801004.
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Bitumen consists of thousands of hydrocarbon molecule types with each molecule contributes to the overall bitumen characteristics. Therefore, it is important to identify the influence of each chemical component of bitumen that altogether constructs the bitumen characteristics. This is likely to be completed by evaluating and modifying bitumen components to produce a new type of bitumen with better characteristics. The realistic way to do this is by analysing it in groups or fractions; one group or fraction comprises bitumen molecules with similar characteristics. This paper aims to address this issue by describing the effect of resins on rheological characteristics of bitumen at various ageing process stages. The materials used in this study were Buton rock asphalt or natural rock asphalt from Buton Island in Indonesia which was from Lawele region and petroleum bitumen penetration grade 80/100 from a refinery in Kemaman Malaysia. The materials were tested to identify their charactheristics and the resins components were also extracted and tested with Corbett method. Each extracted resin (from Buton rock asphalt bitumen and petroleum bitumen) was blended in proportions of 0%, 5%, and 10% with the Kemaman petroleum bitumen as a bitumen medium. The blended bitumen samples were also tested for their rheological characteristics using Dynamic Shear Rheometer. Each sample was tested at five different temperature levels (46°C, 52°C, 58°C, 64°C and 70°C) and at un-aged, artificial short-term aged (RTFOT-aged), and artificial long-term aged (PAV-aged) conditions. The results indicated that the source of resins had a significant value of 0.065 or larger than the 0.05 critical point value. There was no difference in the effect of the experiments using either Buton rock asphalt or petroleum bitumen on the complex shear modulus G*. At fresh condition, there was no effect of adding resins on the bitumen rheological characteristics except for the elastic modulus (G’). However, the effect increased over the RTFOT-ageing and PAV-aging level because of the normal ageing process.
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Alegre, Patricia Figueroa, Martin Arévalo Cardoza, Gustavo Llerena Cano, and Gary Durán. "Effects of Pruning Residues from Blueberry Bushes Powder on the Physical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen." Key Engineering Materials 931 (September 9, 2022): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-et4mwy.
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Bitumen is a hydrocarbon product prone to oxidative aging. For this reason, the aim of this study is to evaluate physical and rheological properties of modified bitumen with pruning residues from blueberry bushes powder (RPA), anti-aging natural compound, to reduce the oxidative damage of bitumen. Rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) was performed to simulate short term aging of modified bitumen with 2, 6 and 10% RPA by weight. The results of conventional tests (penetration, softening point, ductility and rotational viscosity) indicated that the addition of RPA increases the stiffness of bitumen and decreases its temperature susceptibility. In addition, dynamic shear rheometer test (DSR) shows that modified binders improve their resistance against deformation and enhance their elastic response. The 6% RPA binder demonstrated better oxidative aging resistance without compromising its performance at low temperature.
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Adiko, Serge-Bertrand, Alexey A. Gureev, Olga N. Voytenko, and Alexey V. Korotkov. "An Attempt to Track Two Grades of Road Bitumen from Different Plants Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 5870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195870.
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This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to track binders produced by three different plants: plants A, B, and C. The work included the quality assessment of 80 bituminous materials graded as BND 70/100 and 100/130 according to GOST 33133 (Russian interstate standard) and chemical analyses using FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR analyses were conducted before and after short-term ageing in a Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT). Thus, the number of binder samples was multiplied by two (2) for a final total of 160 infrared (IR) spectra. All infrared spectra were normalised to ensure the reliability of results, and the standard deviation and variance coefficient were included. The principal purpose of the present work was to track the origin and the ageing extent of the bituminous binders under study.
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Pyrig, Yan, Andrii Galkin, Serhii Oksak, Yaroslav Ilin, and Yana Shyika. "Recovery of the bitumen and asphalt concrete properties with rejuvenator." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 197 (December 22, 2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.197.2021.248107.
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The main factor in the decreasing in the quality of asphalt concrete with time is thehardening of the bituminous binder, which occurs under the influence of high environmentaltemperatures, moisture and oxygen. Considering this, one of the ways to extend the service life ofasphalt pavements isto implement procedures to prevent deterioration of the properties of bituminousbinders, which occurs due to its hardening. To solve the problem of hardening, the use of variousrejuvenators becomes widespread in road maintenance around the world. The aim of the researchwork is to analyze the effect of the domestic rejuvenator Lux «ЕD-L» on the properties of roadbitumen and asphalt concrete made with this binder. The effect of the rejuvenator on the propertiesof bitumen is evaluated in three ways: finding the influence of Lux «ЕD-L» on the properties of theoriginal bitumen; finding the ability to restore the properties of RTFOT-hardened bitumen by addingan additive to the hardened binder; finding the effect on the intensity of hardening by hardening ofbitumen, which includes the Lux «ЕD-L» additive in its composition. In addition, according to thisscheme, it is evaluating the effect of the rejuvenator on asphalt concrete mixtures, which areconditioned according to the method of AASHTO R 30-02. Based on the obtained experimental data,it is found that the modification of the RTFOT-hardened bitumen with Lux «ЕD-L» additive improvesbinder’s properties, which results in the returning of the values of standard quality indicators(penetration, softening point and breaking point temperatures) to the initial level of values quality ofbitumen before hardening. Lux «ЕD-L» additive significantly improves the adhesion properties ofbitumen (both original and aged). Evaluation of the impact of the rejuvenator on the properties ofasphalt mixtures after conditioning confirmed its effectiveness. The properties of asphalt concrete made from mixtures after conditioning, which were treated with the Lux «ЕD-L» additive, accordingto obtained quality indicators is equal to the asphalt concrete with the original bitumen. A field testof the effect of the Lux «ЕD-L» additive on the properties of the asphalt pavement is in process. Theresults of field test will be obtained after 3 and 9 months of operation of the treated road section.
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Dasek, Ondrej, Petr Hyzl, and Pavel Coufalik. "Properties and Ageing of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumens." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.535.
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The issue of reusing waste materials is becoming very current and also includes reusing used tires. One of the possibilities is using these tires for the production of crumb rubber, which is added as a modifying agent into paving bitumens. The paper compares properties of this special type of asphalt binder with properties of conventional binders. In order to test the rheological properties, needle penetration, softening point, dynamic viscosity, resilience and elastic recovery tests were performed. Emphasis was put on description of rheological behavior determined using dynamic shear rheometer with the effects of ageing assessed using RTFOT method. It was found that crumb rubber modified bitumens have a higher stiffness in comparison to both paving and polymer modified bitumens. Ageing of crumb rubber modified bitumens led to an increase of complex shear moduli and decrease of phase angles. Increasing the crumb rubber content in bitumen leads to smaller increase of complex shear modulus due to ageing. It demonstrates higher resistance against ageing.
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Tang, Xin De, Xiang Li Kong, Zhong Guo He, and Jun Li. "Pavement Performance and Anti-Aging Property of Microscale Flyash/SBS Modified Asphalt." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1333.
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Microscale flyash/SBS composite modified asphalts (CMA) were prepared by melt blending. Rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) was employed to study the anti-aging property. Both flyash and SBS disperse homogeneously in the base asphalt, which lead to an improvement in terms of toughness, strength, and thermal stability. Moreover, microscale flyash plays a significant role in the CMA. The effect of flyash on the properties of SBS modified asphalt appears as a decreasing penetration, an increasing softening point, and a decreasing ductility. The anti-deformation ability under high temperature of the CMA improved significantly. In comparison with that of the base asphalt, the softening point of the CMA decreases after aging, which maybe attribute to the different rheological properties between the CMA and the base asphalt. Compared to that of SBS modified asphalt, the anti-aging property of CMA improved significantly. This demonstrates that the microstructure of flyash can prevent oxygen from diffusing and permeating.
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Alkam, Rani Bastari. "PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU PEMBEBANAN TERHADAP SIFAT REOLOGI VISCO-ELASTIC ASPAL PEN 80/100 DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ASBUTON MURNI." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jts.v14i4.1996.
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Abstract: Time Sweep (loading time) is one of the main variables affecting the performance of asphalt related to loading resistance on the road surface. To describe the loading time effect on the viscoelastic properties of asphalt pen 80/100 with varying content of pure Asbuton with dif-ferent time sweeps, the basic rheological characteristics and mechanical rheological properties were measured with a dynamic shear rheometer in the laboratory. Complex shear modulus (G*) decreased, phase angle values increased, and strain value increased with increasing load-ing time. Vehicle speed and loading frequency were inversely proportional to loading time; thus, it can be concluded that increasing the vehicle speed and increasing the vehicle loading frequency will cause an increase in G*, decrease in phase angle, and decrease in strain. Bitu-men stiffness modulus (E *) was inversely proportional to the increase in loading time. Perma-nent deformation damage criteria, both before and after mechanical rheology test (RTFOT), showed that the shorter the loading time, the stronger the bitumen is in resisting permanent de-formation damage. Based on fatigue cracking criteria, all combinations of loading time and Asbuton content fulfill the statutory requirements for fatigue cracking resistance. Abstrak: Waktu pembebanan (Time Sweep) merupakan salah satu variabel utama yang mempengaruhi kinerja material aspal yang berkaitan dengan ketahanan terhadap pembebanan pada perkerasan jalan. Untuk dapat memperoleh gambaran dari pengaruh variasi waktu pem-bebanan terhadap sifat reologi visco-elastic aspal pen 80/100 dan Asbuton murni maka dil-akukan pengujian sifat reologi dasar dan sifat reologi mekanistik dengan alat Dynamic Shear Rheometer dengan beberapa variasi kadar Asbuton murni. Hasil peneitian menunjukkan pen-ingkatan waktu pembebanan menyebabkan penurunan nilai complex shear modulus (G*), pen-ingkatan nilai phase angle, dan peningkatan nilai regangan. Jika hasil ini dikaitkan dengan ke-cepatan kendaraan dan frekuensi pembebanan yang berbanding terbalik dengan waktu pem-bebanan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kecepatan kendaraan dan bertambahnya frekuensi pembebanan kendaraan akan menyebabkan peningkatan nilai G*, penurunan nilai phase angle, dan penurunan nilai regangan pada sampel. Dalam tinjauan modulus kekakuan bi-tumen diperoleh peningkatan waktu pembebanan menyebabkan penurunan modulus kekakuan bitumen. Dalam kajian kriteria kerusakan Permanent Deformation baik pada kondisi original maupun pada kondisi setelah RTFOT dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin kecil waktu pem-bebanan maka semakin kuat bitumen tersebut dalam menahan kerusakan Permanent Defor-mation. Sedangkan, dalam kajian kriteria kerusakan Fatigue Cracking dapat disimpulkan bah-wa seluruh kombinasi waktu pembebanan memenuhi persyaratan jika dilakukan tinjauan ketahanan material terhadap fatigue cracking.
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Dziadosz, Sylwia, Mieczysław Słowik, Filip Niwczyk, and Marcin Bilski. "Study on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modified Asphalt Binders Relaxation at Low Temperature." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112888.
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The paper presents the results of laboratory investigation on asphalt binders relaxation at low temperature, carried out in a ductilometer using the tensile test with continuous force measurement. Polymer modified asphalt binder samples consisting of a 50/70 penetration grade bitumen mixed with a concentrate of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified bitumen—a 160/220 penetration grade bitumen modified with a SBS copolymer in the amount of 9%—were tested. Therefore, polymer modified binders containing 3%, 4.5%, 6% and 7.5% SBS, respectively, were obtained and investigated. Tensile tests were performed at −16 °C on samples before aging and subjected to short-term aging (RTFOT). Test results in the form of relaxation curves have been mathematically described using a modified generalized Maxwell model. Based on the acquired results, it was shown that the increase of the SBS copolymer content in asphalt binder precipitates the relaxation process, while aging slows down this phenomenon. It has also been proven that with increased content of SBS elastomer in asphalt binder, the effect of short-term aging on binder’s stress relaxation ability at low temperatures is reduced.
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Maciejewski, Krzysztof, Piotr Ramiączek, and Eva Remisova. "Effects of Short-Term Ageing Temperature on Conventional and High-Temperature Properties of Paving-Grade Bitumen with Anti-Stripping and WMA Additives." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 6229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216229.
Full textAbstract:
The presented study explores the effects of decreased temperatures utilized in rolling thin-film oven (RTFOT) laboratory short-term ageing of asphalt binders based on 35/50- and 50/70-penetration paving-grade bitumen. Additionally, the effects of three additives used with these binders at different concentrations are evaluated: liquid anti-stripping agent, liquid warm-mix additive, and solid warm-mix additive. The resulting asphalt binders were subjected to basic (penetration at 25 °C, softening point, dynamic viscosity) and functional high-temperature characterization (G*/sin(δ), high critical temperature, non-recoverable creep compliance). It was found that the decreased short-term ageing temperatures may detrimentally impact the high-temperature grade of bituminous binders, but this effect can be mitigated by the use of appropriate additives. What is more, it was found that bituminous binders may respond differently to the aforementioned factors. Based on the results, it is advised that asphalt binders intended for use in warm-mix asphalts should be thoroughly tested to appropriately simulate the mixture production process and its effects.
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Caputo, P., M. Porto, V. Loise, A. Abe, B. Teltayev, P. Calandra, and C. Oliviero Rossi. "How Organic Waste Improves Bitumen’s Characteristics." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 23, no. 3 (November 10, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1106.
Full textAbstract:
The organic fraction derived from the differentiated collection of urban waste is mainly composed of fatty acids, medium molecular weight hydrocarbons and cellulose. This peculiar composition gave us insight into the possible use of organic waste to improve bitumen’s characteristics (possible antioxidant, regenerating and/ or viscosifying additive for road pavements). The issue of the disposal of organic waste is a global one and it’s constantly of increasing concern. This study looks to alleviate this problem by finding ways for this waste fraction to be utilized for the greater good- in this case, as an additive for bitumen binder in road pavements. The present study is focused on the use of waste as it is and waste treated by the FENTON process (treatment with ferrous sulphate and hydrogen peroxide solution). Dynamic Shear Rheology (DSR) and aging tests (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test, RTFOT) showed that two of the additives tested in this study proved effective: one can be utilised as a viscosifying agent and the other can be us ed as a filler.
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Ma, Tao, Kai Yang, Rui Li, and Jiujian Shen. "Effect of Aging on the Rheological and Molecular Weight Distribution of Asphalt Binder Treated with Polyphosphoric Acid." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9992530.
Full textAbstract:
Asphalt binder behaves as a viscoelastic material and its inherit performance is dominated by rheological and chemical properties. Aging of asphalt binder is a prominent distress for long-term in-service asphalt pavement. In this work, the effect of aging on base asphalt modified by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) has been investigated. For the objective, virgin asphalt binder was modified by various dosages of PPA, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), and PPA/SBS compound modification. The short- and long-term aging processes were simulated by Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) procedure. Rheological property of five aged modified binders was evaluated by the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Meanwhile, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was conducted to measure the molecular weight distribution and dispersion coefficient during the aging process. The high-temperature stiffness of PPA polymer binders is slightly higher than that of SBS and PPA/SBS compound modified asphalts. The aging ratio and molecular weight analysis verify the lower thermal-oxidative susceptibility of PPA/SBS compound modified asphalts. This study offers an understanding for the promotion and application of PPA modifier.