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1
Jackson, Robert W., Gail M. Preston, and Paul B. Rainey. "Genetic Characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 rsp Gene Expression in the Phytosphere and In Vitro." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 24 (December 15, 2005): 8477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.24.8477-8488.2005.
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ABSTRACT The plant-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SBW25 harbors a gene cluster (rsp) whose products show similarity to type III protein secretion systems found in plant and animal pathogens. Here we report a detailed analysis of the expression and regulation of the P. fluorescens rsp pathway, both in the phytosphere and in vitro. A combination of chromosomally integrated transcriptional reporter fusions, overexpressed regulatory genes, and specific mutants reveal that promoters controlling expression of rsp are actively transcribed in the plant rhizosphere but not (with the exception of the rspC promoter) in the phyllosphere. In synthetic medium, regulatory (rspL and rspR) and structural (rspU, plus the putative effector ropE) genes are poorly expressed; the rspC promoter is subject to an additional level of regulatory control. Ectopic expression of regulatory genes in wild-type and mutant backgrounds showed that RspR controls transcription of the alternate sigma factor, rspL, and that RspL controls expression of gene clusters encoding structural genes. Mutation of rspV did not affect RspR-mediated expression of rspU. A search for additional regulators revealed two candidates—one with a role in the conversion of alanine to pyruvate—suggesting that expression of rsp is partly dependent upon the metabolic status of the cell. Mutations in rsp regulators resulted in a significant reduction in competitive colonization of the root tips of sugar beet seedlings but also caused a marked increase in the lag phase of laboratory-grown cultures, indicating that rsp regulatory genes play a more significant general role in the function of P. fluorescens SBW25 than previously appreciated.
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Hayashi, Takahiro, Masato Murakami, Shigeru Saito, and Kiyotaka Iwasaki. "Characteristics of anatomical difficulty for cryoballoon ablation: insights from CT." Open Heart 9, no. 1 (January 2022): e001724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001724.
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BackgroundThe limited availability of balloon sizes for cryoballoon leads to anatomical limitations for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. We conducted a comprehensive systematic analysis on procedural success rate, atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence rate and complications of cryoballoon ablation in association with the anatomy of the left atrium and PV based on preprocedural CT to gain insights into proper treatments of patients with AF using cryoballoon.MethodA systematic search of literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, from the inception of each database through February 2021 was conducted. Search keywords included ‘atrial fibrillation’, ‘cryoballoon ablation’ and ‘anatomy’.ResultsOverall, 243 articles were identified. After screening, 16 articles comprising 1396 patients were included (3, 5 and 8 for acute success, AF recurrence and complications, respectively). Regarding acute success and AF recurrences, thinner width of the left lateral ridge, higher PV ovality, PV ostium-bifurcation distance, shorter distance from the non-coronary cusp to inferior PVs, shallower angle of right PVs against the atrial septum and larger right superior PV (RSPV) were associated with poor outcomes. Regarding complications, shorter distance between the RSPV ostium and the right phrenic nerve, larger RSPV-left atrium angle, larger RSPV area and smaller right carina width were associated with incidences of phrenic nerve injury.ConclusionThis study elucidated several key anatomical features of PVs possibly affecting acute success, AF recurrence and complications in patients with AF using cryoballoon ablation. CT analysis has helped to describe benefits and anatomical limitations for cryoballoon ablation.
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Lee, S. H., and S. M. Neate. "Molecular Mapping of Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 Genes Conferring Resistance to Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch in Barley." Phytopathology® 97, no. 2 (February 2007): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-2-0155.
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Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB) caused by Septoria passerinii is a common disease in barley. SSLB resistance genes Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 have previously been identified in the United States Department of Agriculture National Small Grains collection accessions CIho 14300, CIho 4780, and CIho 10644, respectively. Populations of 100 to 120 F2 individuals were evaluated for SSLB resistance in the greenhouse. Inheritance was evaluated in F2:3-derived families in the field. Partial molecular maps for three Rsp genes were constructed on F2 and F2:3 families derived from crosses between Robust and the resistant accessions CIho 14300, CIho 4780, and CIho 10644. The resistant locus Rsp1 was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3H with two flanking diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers, bPb-6978 (8.9 cM) and bPb-9945 (16.3 cM), and two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, OPC2441R (3.0 cM) and UBC285158R (4.3 cM). The genes Rsp2 and Rsp3 were positioned on the short arm of barley chromosome 1H with two restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), six DArT, and three RAPD markers. An RFLP marker, MWG938, and an RAPD marker, OPAH5545C, were tightly associated with Rsp2 at a distance of 0 cM. Five DArT markers spanning the short arm of 1H surrounded Rsp3 at a distance of 2.3 and 5.8 cM, while two RAPD markers—OPBA12314C (2.4 cM) in coupling and OPB17451R (3.5 cM) in repulsion—flanked Rsp3. Molecular marker data associated with Rsp2 and Rsp3 indicated that the two genes are closely linked on chromosome 1HS. A total of 17 of 154 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) tested were associated with Rsp genes on chromosome 1H and 3H, and they were also integrated into genetic linkage maps of the three F2 Robust populations. Knowledge about the map position of Rsp genes on barley chromosomes will be useful for breeding for SSLB resistance in barley and eventual gene cloning.
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Al-Sharafi, Emad Addin, Musaed Alhussein, Amjad Ali, and Khursheed Aurangzeb. "Rooftop Solar PV Policy Assessment of Global Best Practices and Lessons Learned for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129630.
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The growth in global electricity demand, price volatility, and global warming is diverting the attention of power producers to look for alternative green energy sources, more specifically, solar photovoltaic (SPV). Rooftop solar PV (RSPV) is a significant contributor to the successful development and deployment of SPV in any country. Therefore, developing countries such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are seeking alternative energy sources. According to climatological studies, Saudi Arabia has an average of 3230 sun hours annually, indicating significant potential for producing solar energy. The article investigated the characteristics of policies of countries that have had massive success in developing RSPV systems like China, the US, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, and India). Each country has its unique policies that result in many policy structures. Therefore, it is beyond the content of this report to provide a complete overview of all policies for the selected countries. Instead, information will focus on specific aspects of solar policy in each of the seven countries. As part of the RSPV policy assessment in Saudi Arabia, this study shows the key vectors of the selected countries’ success in their rooftop policies’ examination, and eventually, it presents a clear policy assessment of KSA’s rooftop solar PV policy.
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Lee, S. H., and S. M. Neate. "Sequence Tagged Site Markers to Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 Genes for Resistance to Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch in Barley." Phytopathology® 97, no. 2 (February 2007): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-2-0162.
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Five random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, two in coupling (OPAH5545C, and OPBA12314C) and three in repulsion phase (UBC285158R, OPC2441R, and OPB17451R), closely linked to Rsp genes conferring resistance to Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), were identified using bulked segregant analysis in three F2 populations, each containing a Rsp gene. These markers were converted into the sequence tagged site (STS) markers SUBC285, SOPC2, SOPAH5, and SOPBA12. Another STS marker (MWG938) linked to Rsp2 in coupling phase was also identified in an F2 population from the cross Robust/CIho 4780. The STS markers were tested on a set of 42 resistant and susceptible barley germplasm lines and 98 landraces. The expected sizes of marker fragments associated with each allele at Rsp loci were present in resistant or susceptible accessions. Efficiency of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 using STS markers were evaluated in three F2–3 populations in the greenhouse and the field. Results of testing F2–3 progeny demonstrated that the accuracy of MAS was, with one exception, greater than 97% in the greenhouse and in two field locations (90% in the Osnabrock, ND trial for Rsp2). The STS markers closely linked to Rsp genes also identified the SSLB resistance corresponding to Rsp1, Rsp2, or Rsp3 in gene pyramiding F2 populations. The STS markers tightly linked to Rsp genes may be useful for M and for pyramiding with other genes in barley breeding for SSLB resistance.
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Curry, A. M., B. D. Williams, and J. L. Rosenbaum. "Sequence analysis reveals homology between two proteins of the flagellar radial spoke." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 9 (September 1992): 3967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.9.3967-3977.1992.
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Flagellar radial spokes contribute to the regulation of dynein arm activity and thus the pattern of flagellar bending. We have sequenced the genes for radial spoke protein 4 (RSP4) and RSP6, two of the five proteins that make up the radial spoke head in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The two genes, which are tightly linked genetically (B. Huang, G. Piperno, Z. Ramanis, and D.J.L. Luck, J. Cell Biol. 88:80-88, 1981), are separated by only 435 bp. They encode proline-rich polypeptides of 49.8 kDa (RSP4) and 48.8 kDa (RSP6), which are 48% identical to each other but do not resemble any previously sequenced proteins. The transcription start sites of these genes and an additional radial spoke protein gene, that for RSP3, were determined, and patterns of mRNA accumulation during flagellar regeneration were examined for the three radial spoke protein genes. These studies provide the molecular tools for a detailed analysis of radial spoke head function and assembly and for a determination of the mechanism by which the genes required to build a complex organelle are regulated.
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Curry, A. M., B. D. Williams, and J. L. Rosenbaum. "Sequence analysis reveals homology between two proteins of the flagellar radial spoke." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 9 (September 1992): 3967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.9.3967.
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Flagellar radial spokes contribute to the regulation of dynein arm activity and thus the pattern of flagellar bending. We have sequenced the genes for radial spoke protein 4 (RSP4) and RSP6, two of the five proteins that make up the radial spoke head in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The two genes, which are tightly linked genetically (B. Huang, G. Piperno, Z. Ramanis, and D.J.L. Luck, J. Cell Biol. 88:80-88, 1981), are separated by only 435 bp. They encode proline-rich polypeptides of 49.8 kDa (RSP4) and 48.8 kDa (RSP6), which are 48% identical to each other but do not resemble any previously sequenced proteins. The transcription start sites of these genes and an additional radial spoke protein gene, that for RSP3, were determined, and patterns of mRNA accumulation during flagellar regeneration were examined for the three radial spoke protein genes. These studies provide the molecular tools for a detailed analysis of radial spoke head function and assembly and for a determination of the mechanism by which the genes required to build a complex organelle are regulated.
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Mkangara, Mwanaisha, Ernest R. Mbega, and Musa Chacha. "Molecular identification of Salmonella Typhimurium from village chickens based on invA and spvC genes." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.764-767.
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Aim: This study aimed to identify Salmonella enterica serovars by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on virulence genes invasion A (inv A) and Salmonella plasmid virulence C (spvC). Materials and Methods: DNA extraction of eight bacteria isolates was done using the PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit. The amplification of invA and spvC genes was done using conventional PCR. The positive PCR products were purified using the GeneJET Purification Kit and then sequenced using ABI 3730 XL automated genetic analyzer. The sequences obtained were compared for similarities with other Salmonella serovars deposited on the NCBI GenBank using BLASTN. Results: Four out of eight samples were amplified by primers FS139/RS141 that target invA gene with products of about 284 bp, and three out of four of the same invA positive samples were also amplified by primers FSPV-1/RSPV-2 targeting spvC with a product of about 571 bp. One sample was not amplified by primers FSPV-1/RSPV-2 as it lacked virulence plasmid. Analysis of sequences indicated 100% homology with closely related serovars of S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conclusion: Salmonella Typhimurium that contained invA and spvC genes are pathogenic and virulent strains.
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Shimoji, Yoshihiro, Yohsuke Ogawa, Makoto Osaki, Hidenori Kabeya, Soichi Maruyama, Takeshi Mikami, and Tsutomu Sekizaki. "Adhesive Surface Proteins of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Bind to Polystyrene, Fibronectin, and Type I and IV Collagens." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 2739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.9.2739-2748.2003.
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ABSTRACT Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a gram-positive bacterium that causes erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans. We found two adhesive surface proteins of E. rhusiopathiae and determined the nucleotide sequences of the genes, which were colocalized and designated rspA and rspB. The two genes were present in all of the serovars of E. rhusiopathiae strains examined. The deduced RspA and RspB proteins contain the C-terminal anchoring motif, LPXTG, which is preceded by repeats of consensus amino acid sequences. The consensus sequences are composed of 78 to 92 amino acids and repeat 16 and 3 times in RspA and RspB, respectively. Adhesive surface proteins of other gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes adhesin-like protein, Streptococcus pyogenes protein F2 and F2-like protein, Streptococcus dysgalactiae FnBB, and Staphylococcus aureus Cna, share the same consensus repeats. Furthermore, the N-terminal regions of RspA and RspB showed characteristics of the collagen-binding domain that was described for Cna. RspA and RspB were expressed in Escherichia coli as histidine-tagged fusion proteins and purified. The recombinant proteins showed a high degree of capacity to bind to polystyrene and inhibited the binding of E. rhusiopathiae onto the abiotic surface in a dose dependent manner. In a solid-phase binding assay, both of the recombinant proteins bound to fibronectin, type I and IV collagens, indicating broad spectrum of their binding ability. It was suggested that both RspA and RspB were exposed on the cell surface of E. rhusiopathiae, as were the bacterial cells agglutinated by the anti-RspA immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-RspB IgG. RspA and RspB were present both in surface-antigen extracts and the culture supernatants of E. rhusiopathiae Fujisawa-SmR (serovar 1a) and SE-9 (serovar 2). The recombinant RspA, but not RspB, elicited protection in mice against experimental challenge. These results suggest that RspA and RspB participate in initiation of biofilm formation through their binding abilities to abiotic and biotic surfaces.
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Hiraizumi, Y. "A possible case of negative segregation distortion in the SD system of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.2.263.
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Abstract Models proposed to explain segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster are based partly upon the observation that, in the Sd heterozygous Rspi/Rsps male, the chromosome carrying the sensitive Rsps allele is distorted, but the chromosome carrying the insensitive Rspi allele is not. The results of the present study suggest that this may not always be the case. Under a certain genotypic condition, the chromosome carrying the Rsps allele can be transmitted to the progeny in frequencies of more than 0.5 (about 0.6), or correspondingly, the chromosome carrying the Rspi allele may be distorted with respect to the one with the Rsps allele. Thus, the relative sensitivity and insensitivity of the two Rsp alleles in a male are not absolute, but relative; and they may be reversed depending upon the residual genotype. If this is true, a major modification of the current models or a proposal of an entirely new model may become necessary to explain the mechanism of segregation distortion satisfactorily.
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Kozhenov, A. T., S. N. Azizov, and O. V. Khlynova. "Relationship between the left atrial and pulmonary vein effective refractory period and the development of early atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation. First results." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 22, no. 4 (May 7, 2023): 3503. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3503.
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Aim. To assess the relationship between the left atrial (LA) and pulmonary vein (PV) effective refractory period and the development of early atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).Material and methods. The study included 35 patients with persistent AF refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy (AAT). In all patients, LA and PV effective refractory period (ERP) was assessed, followed by radiofrequency antral PVI. Depending on the ERP values, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=15) included patients with mean LA and PV ERP values ≥240 ms, while group 2 (n=20) consisted of patients with mean LA and PV ERP values <240 ms. The evaluation of early AF recurrence, depending on the obtained ERP values, was carried out in the first 3 months.Results. We obtained following ERP values: group 1 — LA (LA ap pendage) 252±8,9 ms; left superior PV (LSPV) — 252±12,1 ms; left inferior PV (LIPV) — 257,3±8,15 ms; right superior PV (RSPV) — 254,6±11,3 ms; right inferior PV (RIPV) — 260±9,05 ms; group 2 — LA 230±12,1 ms; LSPV — 205±10,5 ms; LIPV — 186,6±22,05 ms; RSPV — 212,2±14 ms; RIPV — 218,8±11,1 ms. During the 3-month follow-up of group 1 patients, there were no recurrences after PVI. Group 2 had 7 early AF recurrences. Correlation analysis revealed a significant inversely proportional relationship (-0,349; p=0,03) between ERP values and the recurrence rate in the groups.Conclusion. The first results demonstrate an inversely proportional relationship between the mean PV and LA ERP and the development of early AF recurrence, which makes it possible to consider the PV and LA ERP <240 ms as a likely predictor of early AF recurrence. However, this fact requires the study continuation with an increase in the sample and an appropriate statistical analysis.
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Carreño Moreno, Jorge E., Etty Y. Sierra Vanegas, and Victor H. Jiménez González. "Ship maneuverability: full-scale trials of colombian Navy Riverine Support Patrol Vessel." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 5, no. 9 (July 23, 2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.52.
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Methodology and results of full scale maneuvering trials for Riverine Support Patrol Vessel “RSPV”, built by COTECMAR for the Colombian Navy are presented. This ship is equipped with a “Pump – Jet” propulsion system and the hull corresponds to a wide-hull with a high Beam – Draft ratio (B/T=9.5). Tests were based on the results of simulation of turning diameters obtained from TRIBON M3˝ design software, applying techniques of Design of Experiments “DOE”, to rationalize the number of runs in different conditions of water depth, ship speed, and rudder angle. Results validate the excellent performance of this class of ship and show that turning diameter and other maneuvering characteristics improve with decreasing water depth.
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Carreño, Jorge Enrique, Jaime David Mora, and Francisco Lázaro Pérez. "A study of shallow water's effect on a ship's pivot point." Ingeniería e Investigación 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v32n3.35936.
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Information regarding a turning ship's pivot point has been collected, taking practical notes and ship maneuvering manuals into account as well as experimental data and simulated results, together revealing consistent behaviour when varying water depth or some ship's particulars. Results from studies already carried out using the Colombian Navy's River Support Patrol Vessel (RSPV) are included here to estimate the pivot point and contrast results with theory and available observations. Linear manoeuvrability theory was tested and the results revealed poor agreement with kinematic equations. As to the depth variation effect, full-scale experiments confirmed that the pivot point's position, when in shallow water, always varied in the same way, thereby agreeing with available pivot point information.
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Hiraizumi, Y. "Negative segregation distortion in the SD system of Drosophila melanogaster: a challenge to the concept of differential sensitivity of Rsp alleles." Genetics 125, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/125.3.515.
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Abstract Current models of segregation distortion based on previous experimental results predict that, in the Sd heterozygous Rspi/Rsps male, the chromosome carrying the sensitive Rsps allele is distorted or transmitted in a frequency smaller than that of the expected Mendelian 0.5 relative to the chromosome carrying the insensitive Rspi allele. The present study presents a case where this does not occur, that is, when the genotype of the males is supp-X(SD)/Y; Sd E(SD)Rspi M(SD)+/Sd+ E(SD)+ Rsps M(SD)+ where supp-X(SD) is an X chromosome carrying a strong suppressor or suppressors of SD activity and SD+ E(SD)+ Rsps M(SD)+ is the standard cn bw chromosome. Following the "inseminated female transfer" procedure, young males of the above genotype carrying the standard-X instead of the supp-X(SD) chromosome show k values for the SD chromosome (frequencies of the SD chromosome recovered among progeny) of about 0.75, but with the supp-X(SD) chromosome, the k values are reduced to 0.36-0.41. Several possibilities other than the mechanism of segregation distortion to explain the reduced k values are ruled out. The occurrence of "negative segregation distortion" is clearly demonstrated, where the chromosome carrying the Rspi allele is distorted but the chromosome with the Rsps allele is not. This result requires a major modification of the current models or even a new model for the mechanism of segregation distortion to accommodate Rsp allele sensitivity or insensitivity. The present study also shows that males of the genotype, Sd Rspss M(SD)+/Sd+ Rspss M(SD), are almost completely sterile, but their fertility is considerably increased when SD activity is suppressed by the presence of the supp-X(SD) chromosome. This result suggests that the amount of the Sd product is not limited with respect to the interacting sites available, that is, the amount is large enough to interact with both of the Rspss alleles.
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Mamchur, Sergey, Tatiana Chichkova, Egor Khomenko, and Alexander Kokov. "Pulmonary Veins Morphometric Characteristics and Spatial Orientation Influence on Its Cryoballoon Isolation Results." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061322.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of pulmonary vein (PV) morphometric characteristics and spatial orientation on the results of cryoballoon ablation (CBA). Methods: A randomized, prospective, single-center controlled study was conducted, enrolling 230 patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared procedural and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent their first procedure of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for AF with either radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 108) or CBA (n = 122) and assessed their interaction with the different pattern of PV anatomy, morphometric characteristics, and spatial orientation. The primary efficacy endpoint was any documented atrial arrhythmia recurrence (AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia) lasting over 30 s during a 12-month follow-up after a 90-day blanking period and discontinuation of antiarrhythmic drugs. The procedure’s endpoint was the achievement of PVI. Before the intervention, all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) to assess the PV anatomical variant, maximum and minimum diameters of the PV’s ostia, their cross-sectional area, orifice ovality index, and PV tilt angles. Results: The mean follow-up period was 14 months (12; 24). Long-term efficacy in the cryoablation group was 78.8% and in the RFA group—83.3% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.41–1.3; p = 0.31). The RFA results did not depend on PV anatomy. The «difficult» occlusion of the right inferior PV (RIPV) occurred in 12 patients and was associated with a more horizontal PV position in the frontal plane; the mean tilt angle was −15.2 ± 6.2° versus −26.5 ± 6.3° in the absence of technical difficulties (p = 0.0001). In 11 cases (9%), during ablation of the right superior PV (RSPV), phrenic nerve injury (PNI) occurred and was associated with the maximum and minimum RSPV diameter, 20.0–20.4 mm (OR = 13.2; 95% CI: 4.7–41.9, p < 0.05) and 17.5–20 mm (OR = 12.5; 95% CI 3.4–51, p < 0.05), respectively. Patients with arrhythmia recurrence were characterized by significantly larger diameters and ovality of the left superior PV (LSPV). The spatial orientation of the PV does not affect the long-term results of cryoablation. Conclusion: Preprocedural evaluation of PV morphology and orientation using cardiac CT might help choose the optimal technology for the individual patient.
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Cao, Yukun, Tin Yang, Ma Hou, Hongcha Zhang, Xi Chen, and Fe Zou. "Repair of Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: A Rare Case Evaluated by Multi-Slice Computed Tomographic Angiography." Heart Surgery Forum 21, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.1871.
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Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is an uncommon congenital heart disease, which may be difficult to identify and often remains undiagnosed. Accurate diagnosis of major aortopulmonary collaterals and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in patients with congenital heart disease is important but problematic. The goal of this publication is to present the diagnosis and surgical repair of this rare pathology in an eight-year-old boy. Atrial septal defect was found by echocardiography, but no anomalous pulmonary vein was found. However, multi-slice computed tomographic angiography (MSCTA) revealed that the isolated right superior pulmonary vein was replaced by right superior pulmonary vein 1 (RSPV1), right superior pulmonary vein 2 (RSPV2) and right superior pulmonary vein 3 (RSPV3), which connected to the superior vena cava (SVC), the orifice of SVC, and the left atrium, respectively. The patient underwent the repair of PAPVC with division of the SVC and re-implantation on the right atrial appendage to restore normal systemic venous drainage. Postoperative course was uneventful. In conclusion, PAPVC is a rare congenital cardiac pathology. MSCTA could contribute to an accurate anatomic and functional definition of this variant.
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Zhong, Shaobin, Hala Toubia-Rahme, Brian J. Steffenson, and Kevin P. Smith. "Molecular Mapping and Marker-Assisted Selection of Genes for Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch Resistance in Barley." Phytopathology® 96, no. 9 (September 2006): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0993.
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Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii, has emerged as one of the most important foliar diseases of barley in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. To map and tag genes for SSLB resistance, we developed two populations derived from the resistant accessions CIho 4780 and CIho 10644 and the susceptible malting cv. Foster. Segregation analysis of F2 plants or F2:3 families from the Foster/CIho 4780 and Foster/CIho 10644 populations revealed that a single dominant gene conferred resistance at the seedling stage. Bulked segregant analysis identified an amplified fragment length polymorphism marker, E-ACT/M-CAA-170, that co-segregated with the SSLB resistance gene Rsp2 in the Foster/CIho 4780 F2 population. Southern hybridization analysis with DNA from the wheat/barley addition lines localized E-ACT/M-CAA-170 on the short arm of the barley chromosome 5(1H). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with DNA clones previously mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5(1H) placed Rsp2 at a position flanked by the markers Act8 and ksuD14. A sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker (E-ACT/M-CAA-170a) was developed that co-segregated with not only Rsp2 in the Foster/CIho 4780 population but also resistance gene Rsp3 in the Foster/CIho 10644 population. This result indicates that Rsp3 is closely linked to Rsp2 on the short arm of chromosome 5(1H). The utility of SCAR marker E-ACT/M-CAA-170a for selecting Rsp2 in two different breeding populations was validated.
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Luckert, Doris, Hala Toubia-Rahme, Brian J. Steffenson, Thin-Meiw Choo, and Stephen J. Molnar. "Novel Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch Resistance Loci in a Barley Doubled-Haploid Population." Phytopathology® 102, no. 7 (July 2012): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-11-0181.
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The genetics of resistance to Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii, was studied in the Leger × CIho9831 barley doubled-haploid population. The 140 lines in the population segregated as 102 resistant and 38 susceptible, approximating a 3:1 ratio. A recombination map was developed using diversity arrays technology and other molecular markers. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis demonstrated that resistance is primarily conferred either by having the CIho9831 allele at a QTL on 6HS or by having the CIho9831 allele at both of two QTLs on 3H and 2HL. In addition, ≈1/16 of the lines were resistant for unidentified reasons. This model predicts a resistant/susceptible ratio of 11:5, which fits the phenotypic observations. Minor QTLs were detected on 2HS and 1H. DNA sequences of linked markers suggest that the 6HS, 3H, and 2HS QTLs are part of resistance gene clusters and that the 6HS and 3H QTLs share homology. The 6HS QTL is identical to or closely linked to the SSLB resistance locus Rsp4 and the 1H QTL to the Rsp2 or Rsp3 locus. The 3H and 2HS QTLs are unique and offer new opportunities for pyramiding resistance genes through marker-assisted breeding for resistance to S. passerinii.
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Norian, R., N. Afzal Ahangran, H. R. Varshovi, and A. Azadmehr. "Comparative efficacy of two heterologous capripox vaccines to control lumpy skin disease in cattle." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 22, no. 2 (2019): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2067.
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This longitudinal study was performed for field trial of heterologous vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease (LSD) to provide details on the characteristics of induced immune responses by measurement of specific antibody and target cytokines – critical parameters in immune response that can be related to the durability of protection. The experimental calves were vaccinated with Gorgan-GPV and RM/65-SPV vaccines and humoral and cellular immunity were evaluated weekly. In each vaccinated groups, cross-neutralising antibody titers against LSD virus (LSDV) could be detected, and this rate in GGPV-vaccinated calves (GC) was higher than RSPV-vaccinated calves (RC) in all weeks of experiments. The stimulation index and IFN-γ and IL-4 production in response to homologous virus were higher than to the heterologous virus in all time points. The highest difference between them was observed in RVC, and a significant difference were only shown at 21-day post vaccination (DPV) (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that GGPV-vaccine had a good immunogenic response due to induction of high antibody titre and higher lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 production. Therefore, it was considered suitable to control LSD.
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Molenaar, Marleen M. D., Tim Hesselink, Rachel M. A. ter Bekke, Marcoen F. Scholten, Randy Manusama, Laurent Pison, Marjolein Brusse‐Keizer, et al. "Shorter RSPV cryoapplications result in less phrenic nerve injury and similar 1‐year freedom from atrial fibrillation." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 43, no. 10 (September 17, 2020): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pace.14062.
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Temin, R. G. "The independent distorting ability of the Enhancer of Segregation Distortion, E(SD), in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 128, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.2.339.
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Abstract Segregation distortion is a meiotic drive system, discovered in wild populations, in which males heterozygous for an SD chromosome and a sensitive SD+ homolog transmit the SD chromosome almost exclusively. SD represents a complex of three closely linked loci in the centromeric region of chromosome 2: Sd, the Segregation distorter gene; E(SD), the Enhancer of Segregation Distortion, required for full expression of drive; and Rsp, the target for the action of Sd, existing in a continuum of states classifiable into sensitive (Rsps) and insensitive (Rspi). In an SD/SD+ male which is Sd E(SD) Rspi/Sd+ E(SD)+ Rsps, the Sd and E(SD) elements act jointly to induce the dysfunction of those spermatids receiving the Rsps chromosome. By manipulating the number of copies and the position of the Enhancer region, I demonstrated that: (1) E(SD), whether in its normal position or translocated to the Y chromosome, is able to enhance the degree of Sd-caused distortion in a dosage-dependent manner; (2) even in the absence of Sd, the E(SD) allele in two doses can cause significant distortion, in Sd+ or Df(Sd)-bearing genotypes; (3) quantitative differences among Enhancers of different sources suggest allelic variation at E(SD), which could account at least in part for differences among wild SD chromosomes in strength of distortion; (4) E(SD)/E(SD)-mediated distortion, like that of Sd, is directed at the Rsp target, whether Rsp is on the second or the Y chromosome; (5) E(SD), like Sd, is suppressed by an unlinked dominant suppressor of SD action. These results show that E(SD) is independently capable of acting on Rsp and is not a simple modifier of the action of Sd. E(SD) provides an example of a trans-acting gene embedded in heterochromatin that can interact with another heterochromatic gene, Rsp, as well as parallel the effect of a euchromatic gene, Sd.
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YORGUN, Hikmet, Yusuf Ziya ŞENER, Metin OKŞUL, Uğur CANPOLAT, Banu EVRANOS, Ahmet Hakan ATEŞ, and Kudret AYTEMİR. "Phrenic Nerve Damage After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using Second Generation Cryoballoon." Acta Medica 50, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2019.actamedica.335.
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Abstract
Objective:
Cryoballoon (CB) ablation is a safe alternative to radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, phrenic nerve damage (PND) is a bothersome complication of the procedure. In this study, we aimed to establish the incidence of PND during CB and define the characteristics of affected patients.
Material & Methods:
In this retrospective analysis, all patients with AF that underwent CB ablation between 2013 and 2018 were included into the study. Characteristics and outcomes of patients complicated with PND were evaluated. PNP was detected by palpation of diaphragma contractions or observation of reduced diaphragma motility by fluoroscopy during the procedure.
Results:
Totally 653 patients were included in the study. PND was detected in 3.5% (23/653) of the patients. Median age of the patients with PNP was 56 (25-78) years and 10 patients (43.4 %) were male. The most common ablation site related with PND was RSPV (18 patients, 78%). Transient PND was observed in 16 patients (69%) of the patients which resolved within 24 hours after the procedure. In the remaining 5 patients (21%) diaphragmatic contraction was recovered at the 6th month control visit. In 2 patients (10%), phrenic nerve paralysis was still present >1 year visit
Conclusion:
PND is not a rare complication of CB ablation despite all the preventive maneuvers during the procedure and technological developments. However, most of the PND recovered during the follow-up.
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Gingras, Denis, Daniel White, Jérome Garin, Jacky Cosson, Philippe Huitorel, Hans Zingg, Christian Cibert, and Claude Gagnon. "Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Radial Spoke Head Protein of Sea Urchin Sperm Axonemes: Involvement of the Protein in the Regulation of Sperm Motility." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 2 (February 1998): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.2.513.
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Monoclonal antibodies raised against axonemal proteins of sea urchin spermatozoa have been used to study regulatory mechanisms involved in flagellar motility. Here, we report that one of these antibodies, monoclonal antibody D-316, has an unusual perturbating effect on the motility of sea urchin sperm models; it does not affect the beat frequency, the amplitude of beating or the percentage of motile sperm models, but instead promotes a marked transformation of the flagellar beating pattern which changes from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional type of movement. On immunoblots of axonemal proteins separated by SDS-PAGE, D-316 recognized a single polypeptide of 90 kDa. This protein was purified following its extraction by exposure of axonemes to a brief heat treatment at 40°C. The protein copurified and coimmunoprecipitated with proteins of 43 and 34 kDa, suggesting that it exists as a complex in its native form. Using D-316 as a probe, a full-length cDNA clone encoding the 90-kDa protein was obtained from a sea urchin cDNA library. The sequence predicts a highly acidic (pI = 4.0) protein of 552 amino acids with a mass of 62,720 Da (p63). Comparison with protein sequences in databases indicated that the protein is related to radial spoke proteins 4 and 6 (RSP4 and RSP6) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which share 37% and 25% similarity, respectively, with p63. However, the sea urchin protein possesses structural features distinct from RSP4 and RSP6, such as the presence of three major acidic stretches which contains 25, 17, and 12 aspartate and glutamate residues of 34-, 22-, and 14-amino acid long stretches, respectively, that are predicted to form α-helical coiled-coil secondary structures. These results suggest a major role for p63 in the maintenance of a planar form of sperm flagellar beating and provide new tools to study the function of radial spoke heads in more evolved species.
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Liu, Hwa-Dong, Shoeb-Azam Farooqui, Shiue-Der Lu, Yu-Lin Lee, and Chang-Hua Lin. "A Novel SLOPDM Solar Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategy for the Solar Photovoltaic Power System." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081452.
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This study proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy for the solar photovoltaic power system (SPPS). The proposed system adopts two solar photovoltaic modules of 430 W, which are connected to a boost converter and an MPPT controller, since the traditional MPPT algorithm (such as perturbation and observation [P&O] algorithm) can hardly reach maximum power point (MPP) under low irradiance level and partial shading conditions (PSC), which leads to the low efficiency of the SPPS. The speed of light optical path difference measurement (SLOPDM) MPPT control strategy has been developed in this study to overcome this problem. The estimation of the optical path angle difference is used as the basis for the proposed control strategy. This is done by determining the relationship between the optical path angle difference, solar photovoltaic power impedance Rspv and load Ro, and then calculating the duty cycle corresponding to the MPP, which then drives the boost converter to capture the MPP. The experimental results verify the proposed system, which shows the efficiency comparison between the SLOPDM MPPT algorithm, solar angle and horizon (SAH) algorithm, and P&O algorithm under PSC and uniform irradiance conditions (UIC) at irradiance levels of 700 W/m2 and 65 W/m2. It is evident from the comparison that the efficiency of the SLOPDM MPPT algorithm is 99% under both conditions, which is higher than the SAH and P&O algorithms. The SLOPDM MPPT algorithm can precisely, rapidly, and stably be operated at MPP. The contribution of this study is that the proposed MPPT control strategy can help achieve the high−performance of SPPS without changing the hardware circuit design and requiring any additional solar power meter. This reduces the cost and the complexity of the system significantly.
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Cheema, Abdur Rehman, Shehla Zaidi, Rabia Najmi, Fazal Ali Khan, Sultana Ali Kori, and Nadir Ali Shah. "Availability Does Not Mean Utilisation: Analysis of a Large Micro Health Insurance Programme in Pakistan." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 10 (July 20, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n10p14.
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In recent years, several Micro Health Insurance (MHI) schemes have been initiated in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to meet the universal health coverage targets. Evidence on the utilization of these MHI schemes is scarce. Field experiences and lesson learning is crucial to effectively increase access to health care and offer protection against catastrophic health expenditure to the poorest population through the MHI schemes. This paper analyzes community utilization and factors affecting utilization of an MHI provided to the poorest rural households in eight districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. This initiative is part of a larger pro-poor European Union (EU) funded Sindh Union Council and Community Economic Strengthening Support (SUCCESS) Programme implemented by the Rural Support Programs (RSPs). The analysis draws on insurance utilization records and an internal assessment report by the RSPs Network (RSPN). The analysis provides qualitative experiences of the community, empanelled health care providers, the insurance agency and frontline management staff. Our analysis revealed that the overall utilization was very low (0.42%) and the highest number of cases treated at the hospital were of women utilizing obstetric and gynaecology related care. The scheme was noted to prevent catastrophic health expenditure in households that were able to successfully utilize the scheme. Key factors affecting utilization were identified to be around i) awareness creation, ii) distance to empanelled hospitals, and iii) access issues at the health facility level. We aim to add to the knowledge base around MHI for policy makers to design and implement more informed initiatives in the future.
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Pimpinelli, S., and P. Dimitri. "Cytogenetic analysis of segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster: the cytological organization of the Responder (Rsp) locus." Genetics 121, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.4.765.
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Abstract The segregation distortion phenomenon occurs in Drosophila melanogaster males carrying an SD second chromosome and an SD+ homolog. In such males the SD chromosome is transmitted to the progeny more frequently than the expected 50% because of an abnormal differentiation of the SD+-bearing sperms. Three major loci are involved in this phenomenon: SD and Rsp, associated with the SD and SD+ chromosome, respectively, and E(SD). In the present work we performed a cytogenetic analysis of the Rsp locus which was known to map to the centromeric heterochromatin of the second chromosome. Hoechst- and N-banding techniques were used to characterize chromosomes carrying Responder insensitive (Rspi), Responder sensitive (Rsps) and Responder supersensitive (Rspss) alleles. Our results locate the Rsp locus to the h39 region of 2R heterochromatin. This region is a Hoechst-bright, N-banding negative heterochromatic block adjacent to the centromere. Quantitative variations of the h39 region were observed. The degree of sensitivity to Sd was found to be directly correlated with the physical size of that region, demonstrating that the Rsp locus is composed of repeated DNA.
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Petrovic, Natasa, Baozhong Meng, Maja Ravnikar, Irena Mavric, and Dennis Gonsalves. "First Detection of Rupestris stem pitting associated virus Particles by Antibody to a Recombinant Coat Protein." Plant Disease 87, no. 5 (May 2003): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.510.
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Rupestris stem pitting associated virus (RSPaV), a member of the genus Foveavirus, is associated with the Rupestris stem pitting component of the Rugose wood (RW) disease complex of grapevines. Heretofore, particles of RSPaV have not been visualized. In this work, flexuous rod particles approximately 723 nm in length were detected in the sap of infected grapevines by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), using a polyclonal antiserum produced to a recombinant coat protein of RSPaV. Particles of RSPaV were detected in tissue culture-, greenhouse-, and field-grown grapevines infected with RSPaV, but not in healthy control plants. Detection of virus particles by ISEM corresponded with detection of RSPaV by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Virus particles were decorated with the antibodies specific to RSPaV but not with antibodies to Grapevine virus A or Grapevine virus B, two other viruses believed to be associated with RW. This definitive identification of RSPaV particles will help define the etiology of RW.
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Ferdiansyah, Adhe. "Analisis Perbandingan Pola Penggunaan Herbisida di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit pada Petani Swadaya KUD Karya Mandiri dalam Konservasi Vegetasi Bermanfaat." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.3322.
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The use of herbicides in oil palm cultivation practices is one of the causes of environmental damage which results in the loss of plant species that can be utilized in natural soil conservation efforts. The role of KUD as a forum for farmer membership is very important in regulating herbicide use patterns in efforts to preserve the environment. This study aims to analyze the comparative pattern of herbicide use applied by KUD Karya Mandiri to independent smallholders in Tri Mulya Jaya Village, Kec. Gelam River, Kab. Muaro Jambi. The study was conducted on two different groups of independent smallholders (RSPO and non-RSPO) with a total sample of 40 smallholders. The observed data included: 1) Pattern of herbicide use, 2) Herbicide dosage, and 3) Useful type of vegetation. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 independent sample t-test method. The results showed that there were two different patterns applied by KUD Karya Mandiri to RSPO and non-RSPO farmers in using herbicides. The herbicide use pattern of RSPO farmers is regulated by the ICS KUD Karya Mandiri team. Meanwhile, non-RSPO farmers can carry out weed control freely and independently. The different patterns applied by KUD Karya Mandiri affect the doses used by farmers and the percentage of useful vegetation found in RSPO and non-RSPO farmers' gardens. The herbicide dosage used by RSPO farmers was 10.9% lower than non-RSPO farmers. The percentage of useful vegetation present in RSPO smallholders' gardens ranged from 60 - 100%, while non-RSPO gardens ranged from 0 - 88.8%. There is a correlation between the dose of herbicide used and the percentage of useful vegetation that can grow in oil palm plantations.
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Bagayoko, Issiaka, Marcos Giovanni Celli, Gustavo Romay, Nils Poulicard, Agnès Pinel-Galzi, Charlotte Julian, Denis Filloux, et al. "Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus." Viruses 13, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050737.
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The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect rice in several countries in Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of RSNV genomes of African isolates. The genetic variability was differently distributed along the two genomic segments. The segment RNA1, within which clusters of polymorphisms were identified, showed a higher nucleotidic variability than did the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. The diversity patterns of both viruses were similar in the RNA2 segment, except for an in-frame insertion of 243 nucleotides located in the RSNV tgbp1 gene. Recombination events were detected into RNA1 and RNA2 segments, in particular in the two most divergent RSNV isolates from Colombia and Sierra Leone. In contrast to BNYVV, the RSNV molecular diversity had a geographical structure with two main RSNV lineages distributed in America and in Africa. Our data on the genetic diversity of RSNV revealed unexpected differences with BNYVV suggesting a complex evolutionary history of the genus Benyvirus.
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Pathak, Deepak, Kyeong Sik Jin, Sudarshan Tandukar, Jun Ha Kim, Eunju Kwon, and Dong Young Kim. "Structural insights into the regulation of SigB activity by RsbV and RsbW." IUCrJ 7, no. 4 (June 24, 2020): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252520007617.
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Bacillus subtilis SigB is an alternative sigma factor that initiates the transcription of stress-responsive genes. The anti-sigma factor RsbW tightly binds SigB to suppress its activity under normal growth conditions and releases it when nonphosphorylated RsbV binds to RsbW in response to stress signals. To understand the regulation of SigB activity by RsbV and RsbW based on structural features, crystal structures and a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) envelope structure of the RsbV–RsbW complex were determined. The crystal structures showed that RsbV and RsbW form a heterotetramer in a similar manner to a SpoIIAA–SpoIIAB tetramer. Multi-angle light scattering and SAXS revealed that the RsbV–RsbW complex is an octamer in solution. Superimposition of the crystal structure on the SAXS envelope structure showed that the unique dimeric interface of RsbW mediates the formation of an RsbV–RsbW octamer and does not prevent RsbV and SigB from binding to RsbW. These results provide structural insights into the molecular assembly of the RsbV–RsbW complex and the regulation of SigB activity.
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Kim, Kyung-Ah, Marie Wagle, Karolyn Tran, Xiaoming Zhan, Melissa A. Dixon, Shouchun Liu, Delphine Gros, et al. "R-Spondin Family Members Regulate the Wnt Pathway by a Common Mechanism." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 6 (June 2008): 2588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-02-0187.
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The R-Spondin (RSpo) family of secreted proteins is implicated in the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Despite the high structural homology between the four members, expression patterns and phenotypes in knockout mice have demonstrated striking differences. Here we dissected and compared the molecular and cellular function of all RSpo family members. Although all four RSpo proteins activate the canonical Wnt pathway, RSpo2 and 3 are more potent than RSpo1, whereas RSpo4 is relatively inactive. All RSpo members require Wnt ligands and LRP6 for activity and amplify signaling of Wnt3A, Wnt1, and Wnt7A, suggesting that RSpo proteins are general regulators of canonical Wnt signaling. Like RSpo1, RSpo2-4 antagonize DKK1 activity by interfering with DKK1 mediated LRP6 and Kremen association. Analysis of RSpo deletion mutants indicates that the cysteine-rich furin domains are sufficient and essential for the amplification of Wnt signaling and inhibition of DKK1, suggesting that Wnt amplification by RSpo proteins may be a direct consequence of DKK1 inhibition. Together, these findings indicate that RSpo proteins modulate the Wnt pathway by a common mechanism and suggest that coexpression with specific Wnt ligands and DKK1 may determine their biological specificity in vivo.
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Irrgang, M., M. Dorenkamp, P. Reohr, and P. Vik. "C-28 Raven’s Progressive Matrices: Validation of a Short Form." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.190.
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Abstract Objective The Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) is a 60-item measure of non-verbal abstract reasoning. The length of the RSPM presents a potential barrier to its use. Consequently, Bilker et al. (2012) identified a 9-item short form (RSPM-SF). The purpose of this study is to (a) provide descriptive statistics for the RSPM-SF from a non-patient sample, and (b) validate the RSPM-SF by exploring correlations with congruent and divergent cognitive measures. Method Twenty men and 23 women, aged 55 to 83 (M = 67.79), completed a test battery that included the SPM-SF and global, memory, verbal, and executive measures. Results The mean score for the RSPM-SF was 4.40 (median = 4, mode = 4, SD = 1.92). RSPM-SF correlated best with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = .548, CI: .297 to .729) and poorest with letter fluency (r = .065, CI: -.456 to .127). Correlations with executive measures ranged from a low of .308 (Tower Test; CI: .019 to .549) to a high of .470 (Trail Making Test Part-B; CI: .197 to .675). The average correlation with executive scores was .412. Average correlation with learning (both verbal and non-verbal) was .435, and with recall was .296. Conclusions RSPM historically was viewed as a non-verbal global estimate of cognitive ability. Present findings support using the RSPM-SF as a global measure, as it correlated well with both verbal and nonverbal, and executive and memory tests. Descriptive data suggested that the RSPM-SF items ranged from easy to difficult.
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Herranz Olazábal, Jorge, Fokko Wieringa, Evelien Hermeling, and Chris Van Hoof. "Camera-Derived Photoplethysmography (rPPG) and Speckle Plethysmography (rSPG): Comparing Reflective and Transmissive Mode at Various Integration Times Using LEDs and Lasers." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 6059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166059.
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Background: Although both speckle plethysmography (SPG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) examine pulsatile changes in the vasculature using opto-electronics, PPG has a long history, whereas SPG is relatively new and less explored. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of integration time and light-source coherence on signal quality and waveform morphology for reflective and transmissive rSPG and rPPG. Methods: (A) Using time-domain multiplexing, we illuminated 10 human index fingers with pulsed lasers versus LEDs (both at 639 and 850 nm), in transmissive versus reflective mode. A synchronized camera (Basler acA2000-340 km, 25 cm distance, 200 fps) captured and demultiplexed four video channels (50 fps/channel) in four stages defined by illumination mode. From all video channels, we derived rPPG and rSPG, and applied a signal quality index (SQI, scale: Good > 0.95; Medium 0.95–0.85; Low 0.85–0.8; Negligible < 0.8); (B) For transmission videos only, we additionally calculated the intensity threshold area (ITA), as the area of the imaging exceeding a certain intensity value and used linear regression analysis to understand unexpected similarities between rPPG and rSPG. Results: All mean SQI-values. Reflective mode: Laser-rSPG > 0.965, LED-rSPG < 0.78, rPPG < 0.845. Transmissive mode: 0.853–0.989 for rSPG and rPPG at all illumination settings. Coherent mode: Reflective rSPG > 0.951, reflective rPPG < 0.740, transmissive rSPG and rPPG 0.990–0.898. Incoherent mode: Reflective all <0.798 and transmissive all 0.92–0.987. Linear regressions revealed similar R2 values of rPPG with rSPG (R2 = 0.99) and ITA (R2 = 0.98); Discussion: Laser-rSPG and LED-rPPG produced different waveforms in reflection, but not in transmission. We created the concept of ITA to investigate this behavior. Conclusions: Reflective Laser-SPG truly originated from coherence. Transmissive Laser-rSPG showed a loss of speckles, accompanied by waveform changes towards rPPG. Diffuse spatial intensity modulation polluted spatial-mode SPG.
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Delumeau, Olivier, Richard J. Lewis, and Michael D. Yudkin. "Protein-Protein Interactions That Regulate the Energy Stress Activation of σB in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 20 (October 15, 2002): 5583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.20.5583-5589.2002.
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ABSTRACT σB is an alternative σ factor that controls the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis. In the absence of stress, σB is negatively regulated by anti-σ factor RsbW. RsbW is also a protein kinase which can phosphorylate RsbV. When cells are stressed, RsbW binds to unphosphorylated RsbV, produced from the phosphorylated form of RsbV by two phosphatases (RsbU and RsbP) which are activated by stress. We now report the values of the Km for ATP and the Ki for ADP of RsbW (0.9 and 0.19 mM, respectively), which reinforce the idea that the kinase activity of RsbW is directly regulated in vivo by the ratio of these nucleotides. RsbW, purified as a dimer, forms complexes with RsbV and σB with different stoichiometries, i.e., RsbW2-RsbV2 and RsbW2-σB 1. As determined by surface plasmon resonance, the dissociation constants of the RsbW-RsbV and RsbW-σB interactions were found to be similar (63 and 92 nM, respectively). Nonetheless, an analysis of the complexes by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in competition assays suggested that the affinity of RsbW2 for RsbV is much higher than that for σB. The intracellular concentrations of RsbV, RsbW (as a monomer), and σB measured before stress were similar (1.5, 2.6, and 0.9 μM, respectively). After ethanol stress they all increased. The increase was greatest for RsbV, whose concentration reached 13 μM, while those of RsbW (as a monomer) and σB reached 11.8 and 4.9 μM, respectively. We conclude that the higher affinity of RsbW for RsbV than for σB, rather than a difference in the concentrations of RsbV and σB, is the driving force that is responsible for the switch of RsbW to unphosphorylated RsbV.
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Liang, Yan, Feng Lin Li, Chuan Jun Zhang, and Hui Yu. "Orthogonal Analysis Methodology for the Extraction of Polysaccharides from the Root of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. BOR and Evaluation its Hypoglycemic Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.576.
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The present study was carried out to establish the optimum microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions of polysaccharides from root ofRhodiola sachalinensisA. BOR (RSPs) by using o orthogonal analysis methodology. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effects of RSPs were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions of RSPs were liquid-solid ratio of 45:1 mL/g, irradiation power of 480 W, and irradiation time of 8 min. The animal experiment results demonstrated that RSPs could significantly increase body weights, serum insulin levels, and reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, which suggested that RSPs possesses hypoglycemic effects,.
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Kaliszewski, Paweł, and Teresa Zoładek. "The role of Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase in regulation of diverse processes in yeast cells." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 4 (November 28, 2008): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3024.
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Rsp5 is a conserved ubiquitin ligase involved in regulation of numerous cellular processes. A growing number of publications describing new functions of the ligase have appeared in recent years. Rsp5 was shown to be involved in the control of intracellular trafficking of proteins via endocytosis and multivesicular body sorting. Moreover, nuclear functions of Rsp5 in response to various stresses have been discovered. Rsp5 is also involved in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid and sterol synthesis and phospholipid composition. Here, an overview of Rsp5 functions with emphasis on its involvement in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis will be presented.
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Yang, Pinfen, Chun Yang, and Winfield S. Sale. "Flagellar Radial Spoke Protein 2 Is a Calmodulin Binding Protein Required for Motility in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 1 (February 2004): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.1.72-81.2004.
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ABSTRACT Genetic and morphological studies have revealed that the radial spokes regulate ciliary and flagellar bending. Functional and biochemical analysis and the discovery of calmodulin in the radial spokes suggest that the regulatory mechanism involves control of axonemal protein phosphorylation and calcium binding to spoke proteins. To identify potential regulatory proteins in the radial spoke, in-gel kinase assays were performed on isolated axonemes and radial spoke fractions. The results indicated that radial spoke protein 2 (RSP2) can bind ATP and transfer phosphate in vitro. RSP2 was cloned and mapped to the PF24 locus, a gene required for motility. Sequencing revealed that pf24 contains a point mutation converting the first ATG to ATA, resulting in only trace amounts of RSP2 and confirming the RSP2 mapping. Surprisingly, the sequence does not include signature domains for conventional kinases, indicating that RSP2 may not perform as a protein kinase in vivo. However, the predicted RSP2 protein sequence contains Ca2+-dependent calmodulin binding motifs and a GAF domain, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins for binding small ligands including cyclic nucleotides. As predicted from the sequence, recombinant RSP2 binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. We postulate that RSP2 is a regulatory subunit of the radial spoke involved in localization of calmodulin for control of motility.
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Napitupulu, Dompak MT, NFN Rosyani, Ernawati HD, and Rukaiyah Rafiq. "RSPO Certification Impacts on Oil Palm Smallholders’ Welfare in Jambi Province." Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian 15, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/akp.v15n2.2017.127-136.
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<p>World demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) consistently increases. On the other hand, CPO market moves slowly probably due to Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification. International trade system requires large CPO producers to have a RSPO Certificate as one of requirements for exporting their product. It is expected that this requirement will also be applied immediately to smallholding oil palm plantations. This paper aims to analyze the benefits of RSPO certification on improving oil-palm smallholders’ welfare in Jambi Province. Data collected in this study were analyzed using both descriptive and quantitative methods. Results of the study showed that RSPO certification, in several aspects, significantly improved farmers’’ wealth, timely availability of input factors, oil palm yield, processing and marketing, and CSR financial support. It also indicates that oil palm plantation companies tend to give preferential treatment in transaction process with farmers having RSPO certificates.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Permintaan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dunia pada dasarnya mengalami peaingkatan secara konsisten, namun pasar CPO cenderung mengalami kelesuan yang diduga sangat berkaitan dengan sertifikasi Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Sistem perdagangan internasional mengharuskan produsen CPO untuk memiliki sertifikat RSPO sebelum memasarkan produk ke luar negeri. Dapat diduga bahwa kewajiban memiliki sertifikat RSPO tidak akan hanya terbatas kepada pengusaha perkebunan besar, namun lambat laun akan juga diwajibkan untuk dimiliki oleh setiap pengusaha kebun kelapa sawit termasuk petani rakyat swadaya. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis manfaat sertifikasi RSPO terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani kelapa sawit swadaya di Provinsi Jambi. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan statistik nonparametrik. Sertifikasi RSPO dalam beberapa aspek telah dapat dirasakan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani khususnya dalam hal ketersediaan input produksi secara tepat waktu, peningkatan produktivitas, pengolahan hasil dan pemasaran, serta dukungan dana CSR dari perusahaan inti. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit cenderung memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan transaksi kepada kelompok tani yang sudah memiliki sertifikat RSPO.</p>
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Brittnacher, J. G., and B. Ganetzky. "On the components of segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Construction and analysis of free duplications for the Responder locus." Genetics 121, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.4.739.
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Abstract Male Drosophila heterozygous for an SD-bearing second chromosome and a normal homolog preferentially transmit the SD chromosome to their offspring. The distorted transmission involves the induced dysfunction of the sperm that receive the SD+ chromosome. The loci on the SD chromosome responsible for causing distortion are the Sd locus the the E(SD) locus. Their target of action on the SD+ chromosome is the Rsps locus. Previous studies of Rsps indicated that deletion of this locus rendered a chromosome insensitive to the action of SD and mapped Rsps physically within the centric heterochromatin of 2R. In this study we have constructed a collection of marked free duplications for the centromeric region of a second chromosome that carried Rsps. The heterochromatic extent of each duplication as well as its sensitivity to distortion was determined. We found that Rsps is the most proximal known locus within the 2R heterochromatin. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the presence of Rsps is not only necessary but sufficient to confer sensitivity to distortion irrespective of its association with an intact second chromosome or one that pairs meiotically with an SD chromosome. By use of these duplications we increased the usual dosage of Rsps relative to SD to determine whether there was any competition for limited amounts of SD [and/or E(SD)] product. When two Rsps-bearing chromosomes are present within the same spermatocyte nucleus an SD chromosome is capable of causing efficient distortion of both. However, at least in some cases the degree of distortion against a given Rsps was reduced by the presence of an extra dose of Rsps indicating that there was some competition between them. The bearing of these results on present models of segregation distortion are discussed.
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Diener, D. R., L. H. Ang, and J. L. Rosenbaum. "Assembly of flagellar radial spoke proteins in Chlamydomonas: identification of the axoneme binding domain of radial spoke protein 3." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.1.183.
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Radial spokes of the eukaryotic flagellum extend from the A tubule of each outer doublet microtubule toward the central pair microtubules. In the paralyzed flagella mutant of Chlamydomonas pf14, a mutation in the gene for one of 17 polypeptides that comprise the radial spokes results in flagella that lack all 17 spoke components. The defective gene product, radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3), is, therefore, pivotal to the assembly of the entire spoke and may attach the spoke to the axoneme. We have synthesized RSP3 in vitro and assayed its binding to axonemes from pf14 cells to determine if RSP3 can attach to spokeless axonemes. In vitro, RSP3 binds to pf14 axonemes, but not to wild-type axonemes or microtubules polymerized from purified chick brain tubulin. The sole axoneme binding domain of RSP3 is located within amino acids 1-85 of the 516 amino acid protein; deletion of these amino acids abolishes binding by RSP3. Fusion of amino acids 1-85 or 42-85 to an unrelated protein confers complete or partial binding activity, respectively, to the fusion protein. Transformation of pf14 cells with mutagenized RSP3 genes indicates that amino acids 18-87 of RSP3 are important to its function, but that the carboxy-terminal 140 amino acids can be deleted with little effect on radial spoke assembly or flagellar motility.
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Kim, Kyung-Ho, Gyoungsik Kang, Won-Sik Woo, Min-Young Sohn, Ha-Jeong Son, and Chan-Il Park. "Development of a Propidium Monoazide-Based Viability Quantitative PCR Assay for Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Detection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043426.
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Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is an important aquatic virus that causes high mortality in marine fish. RSIV infection mainly spreads through horizontal transmission via seawater, and its early detection could help prevent disease outbreaks. Although quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a sensitive and rapid method for detecting RSIV, it cannot differentiate between infectious and inactive viruses. Here, we aimed to develop a viability qPCR assay based on propidium monoazide (PMAxx), which is a photoactive dye that penetrates damaged viral particles and binds to viral DNA to prevent qPCR amplification, to distinguish between infectious and inactive viruses effectively. Our results demonstrated that PMAxx at 75 μM effectively inhibited the amplification of heat-inactivated RSIV in viability qPCR, allowing the discrimination of inactive and infectious RSIV. Furthermore, the PMAxx-based viability qPCR assay selectively detected the infectious RSIV in seawater more efficiently than the conventional qPCR and cell culture methods. The reported viability qPCR method will help prevent the overestimation of red sea bream iridoviral disease caused by RSIV. Furthermore, this non-invasive method will aid in establishing a disease prediction system and in epidemiological analysis using seawater.
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Kim, Kyung-Ho, Gyoungsik Kang, Won-Sik Woo, Min-Young Sohn, Ha-Jeong Son, Mun-Gyeong Kwon, Jae-Ok Kim, and Chan-Il Park. "Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Kinetics, Tissue Tropism, and Interspecies Horizontal Transmission in Flathead Grey Mullets (Mugil cephalus)." Animals 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13081341.
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Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) causes significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. We analyzed the pathogenicity of RSIV in flathead grey mullets (Mugil cephalus), the correlation of histopathological lesions, and interspecies horizontal transmission, through immersion infection and cohabitation challenges. Flathead grey mullets, which were challenged by immersion infection, exhibited mortality at 14 and 24 days after RSIV exposure. Viral shedding in seawater peaked 2–3 days before or after the observed mortality. Specific lesions of RSIV were observed in the spleen and kidney, and the correlation between histopathological grade and viral load was the highest in the spleen. In a cohabitation challenge, flathead grey mullets were the donors, and healthy rock bream, red sea bream, and flathead grey mullets were the recipients. Viral shedding in seawater was the highest in flathead grey mullet and rock bream at 25 °C, with 106.0 RSIV copies L/g at 14 dpi. No mortality was observed in any group challenged at 15 °C, and no RSIV was detected in seawater after 30 dpi. The virus shed from RSIV-infected flathead grey mullets caused horizontal transmission through seawater. These findings suggest that rapid decision-making is warranted when managing disease in fish farms.
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Moriette, Coralie, Monique LeBerre, Annie Lamoureux, Thanh-Lan Lai, and Michel Brémont. "Recovery of a Recombinant Salmonid Alphavirus Fully Attenuated and Protective for Rainbow Trout." Journal of Virology 80, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 4088–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.8.4088-4098.2006.
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ABSTRACT Sleeping disease virus (SDV) is a member of the new Salmonid alphavirus genus within the Togaviridae family. The single-stranded RNA genome of SDV is 11,894 nucleotides long, excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail. A full-length cDNA has been generated; the cDNA was fused to a hammerhead ribozyme sequence at the 5′ end and inserted into a transcription plasmid (pcDNA3) backbone, yielding pSDV. By transfection of pSDV into fish cells, recombinant SDV (rSDV) was successfully recovered. Demonstration of the recovery of rSDV was provided by immunofluorescence assay on rSDV-infected cells and by the presence of a genetic tag, a BlpI restriction enzyme site, introduced into the rSDV RNA genome. SDV infectious cDNA was used for two kinds of experiments (i) to evaluate the impact of various targeted mutations in nsP2 on viral replication and (ii) to study the virulence of rSDV in trout. For the latter aspect, when juvenile trout were infected by immersion in a water bath with the wild-type virus-like rSDV, no deaths or signs of disease appeared in fish, although they were readily infected. In contrast, cumulative mortality reached 80% in fish infected with the wild-type SDV (wtSDV). When rSDV-infected fish were challenged with wtSDV 3 and 5 months postinfection, a long-lasting protection was demonstrated. Interestingly, a variant rSDV (rSDV14) adapted to grow at a higher temperature, 14°C instead of 10°C, was shown to become pathogenic for trout. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of wtSDV, rSDV, and rSDV14 genomes evidenced several amino acid changes, and some changes may be linked to the pathogenicity of SDV in trout.
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Kumar, Parveen, Pankaj Kumar, and Vaibhav Aggarwal. "A behavioral study on villagers’ adoption intention and carbon neutrality toward rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in India." International Journal of Energy Sector Management, February 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-11-2021-0009.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the determinants of adoption intention toward the rooftop solar photovoltaic (RSPV) systems among residents of peri-urban villages of Gurugram, Haryana, India. This study also analyzes the impact of the adoption of RSPV systems on carbon neutrality from a behavioral perspective. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected using a self-administrated structured questionnaire from 208 male villagers (195 usable) of 22 villages using the purposive sampling technique. Findings Results revealed that relative advantage, followed by simplicity, trialability, observability and compatibility, positively and significantly impact villagers’ attitude toward adopting RSPV systems in their homes. Perceived severity and perceived vulnerability significantly influence the perceived behavioral control of villagers toward adopting the RSPV systems. The results show villagers’ attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are the essential predictors of their adoption intention of the RSPV systems. Most notably, carbon neutrality was significantly affected by villagers’ adoption intention of RSPV systems as the renewable energy source in their homes. Originality/value The findings of this study provide that innovation attributes are important factors in shaping the adoption intentions of customers toward RSPV systems. This study is also the extent of previous studies measuring customers’ perception of adopting renewable energy in developed and emerging countries worldwide.
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Engel, Florian A., Stefan Altmann, Hamdi Chtourou, Alexander Woll, Rainer Neumann, Tomer Yona, and Billy Sperlich. "Repeated Sprint Protocols With Standardized Versus Self-Selected Recovery Periods in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Can They Pace Themselves? A Replication Study." Pediatric Exercise Science, 2022, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2021-0082.
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Purpose: Replicating the studies of Gibson et al and Brownstein et al to assess performance, and physiological, and perceived variables during a repeated sprint protocol (RSP) with standardized versus self-selected recovery in youth soccer players. Methods: Nineteen male soccer players (age 13.1 [1.3] y) completed 2 separate RSPs. RSP1: 10 × 30-m sprints with 30-second recovery and RSP2: 10 × 30-m sprints interspersed with self-selected recovery periods. Mean time of both 10 × 30-m RSPs and self-selected recovery periods of RSP2 were assessed. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rates of perceived exertion were measured following RSPs. Results: RSP2 revealed longer recovery periods (RSP1: 30.0 [0.0] s; RSP2: 39.0 [7.7] s; P < .001; effect size d = 1.648) with shorter repeated sprint time (mean 30-m sprint time: RSP1: 4.965 [0.256] s; RSP2: 4.865 [0.227] s; P = .014; d = 0.414). Blood lactate concentration (P = .002–.005; d = 0.730–0.958), heart rate (P < .001; d = 1.353), and rates of perceived exertion (RSP1: 14.9 [1.9]; RSP2: 12.9 [2.1]; P = .016; d = 1.046) were higher following RSP1. Conclusion: In contrast to the original studies, the present replication study demonstrated that self-selected recovery periods during a RSP leads to better repeated sprint performance compared with standardized recovery periods in youth soccer players. The better repeated sprint performance with individual recovery durations in RSP2 was achieved with less physiological and perceived effort.
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Lin, Huixing, Zhe Ma, Xin Hou, Lei Chen, and Hongjie Fan. "Construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant swinepox virus expressing a multi-epitope peptide for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (March 8, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep43990.
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Abstract To characterize neutralizing mimotopes, phages were selected from a 12-mer phage display library using three anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: (1) A1; (2) A2; and (3) A7. Of these, A2 and A7 recognize the mimotope, P2, which contains the SRHDHIH motif, which has conserved consensus sequences from amino acid positions 156 to 161 in the N-terminal ectodomain of GP3. The artificial multi-epitope gene, mp2, was designed by combining three repeats of the mimotope P2. The resulting sequence was inserted into the swinepox virus (SPV) genome to construct a recombinant swinepox virus (rSPV-mp2). The rSPV-mp2 was able to stably express the multi-epitope peptide, mP2, in vitro. The rSPV-mp2 immunized pigs exhibited a significantly shorter fever duration compared with the wtSPV treated group (P < 0.05). There was an enhanced humoral and cellular immune response, decreased number of PRRSV genomic copies, and a significant reduction in the gross lung pathology (P < 0.05) was observed following PRRSV infection in rSPV-mp2-immunized animals. The results suggest that the recombinant rSPV-mp2 provided pigs with significant protection against PRRSV infection.
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Kirillova, Venera V., Andrey V. Smorgon, Alla A. Garganeeva, Roman E. Batalov, Viktor N. Meshchaninov, Lyudmila A. Sokolova, Maria S. Blagodareva, Mikhail S. Khlynin, and Sergey V. Popov. "Ultrasound diagnosis of congestion in the pulmonary and systemic circulations in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure." Russian Open Medical Journal 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2021.0415.
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Rationale — Fluid retention is among the most common causes of heart failure decompensation. The goal of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound method for evaluating congestive phenomena in both systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic heart failure (CHF). Material and Methods — The study included 28 patients with paroxysmal AF, with or without CHF, who were scheduled for radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation. The maximum and minimum diameters of the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and inferior vena cava (IVC) were measured via echocardiography on expiration. Mean blood pressure in both right and left atria was measured intraoperatively. We calculated the correlations between maximum and minimum diameters of the RSPV and a mean pressure in the left atrium, as well as between IVC on expiration and a mean pressure in the right atrium, and evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound diagnostics for evaluating congestive phenomena in both systemic and pulmonary circulation. Results — We established positive correlation between the minimum diameter of RSPV and invasively measured mean left atrial pressure (R=0.65, P<0.05), and between invasively measured mean right atrial pressure and IVC diameter on expiration (R=0.49, P<0.05). The proposed method sensitivity for detecting pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) on the basis of the maximum RSPV diameter ≥21.7 mm was 75%, and the specificity was 86%. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting PVH on the basis of the minimum RSPV diameter ≥10.5 mm constituted 85% and 86%, respectively. When using the IVC diameter on expiration ≥18.5 mm as an indicator, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting PVH were evaluated at the levels of 100% and 92%, correspondingly. Conclusion — The proposed ultrasound method of diagnosing congestion in pulmonary circulation via maximum and/or minimum diameter of the RSPV can be effectively employed in clinical practice in the same way as conventional technique of congestion diagnostics in systemic circulation via the diameter of IVC in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure.
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Metherall, Nicholas, Elisabeth Holland, Sara Beavis, and Adi Mere Dralolo Vinaka. "Characterisation of pH variations along the Ba River in Fiji utilising the GEF R2R framework during the 2019 sugarcane season." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193, no. 12 (November 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09423-1.
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AbstractWithin Pacific Small Island Developing States (Pacific SIDS), the ridge-to-reef (R2R) approach has emerged as a framework for monitoring river connectivity between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The study measured water quality, including pH, over 88.40 km of the Ba River in Fiji. The sampling design focused on measuring spatio-temporal variability in pH throughout the sugarcane season with three rapid sampling periods (RSP1, 2 & 3) along the Ba River, together with continuous measurement of temperature and pH using stationary data loggers at two locations upstream and downstream of the sugar mill. Spatial variability in pH and water quality was characterised before (RSP1 and RSP2) and during (RSP3) the sugarcane season. Mean pH measured before the sugarcane crushing season for RSP1 and RSP2 were 8.16 (± 0.49) and 8.20 (± 0.61) respectively. During the sugarcane crushing season (RSP3), mean pH declined by 3.06 units to 6.94 within 42 m downstream of the sugar mill (P ≤ 0.001). The 3.06 unit decline in pH for RSP3 exceeded both the mean diurnal variation in pH of 0.39 and mean seasonal variation in pH of 2.01. This decline in pH could be a potential source of acidification to downstream coastal ecosystems with implications for coral reefs, biodiversity and fishery livelihoods.
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Verbeet, Thierry, Thomas Nguyen, Alexandre Almorad, Maurice Jottrand, Thierry Wauters, and José Castro. "Slow pseudo sinus rhythm and atrial tachycardia of right superior venous pulmonary origin." Oxford Medical Case Reports 2021, no. 10 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omab093.
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ABSTRACT Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia usually presents as a sudden acceleration of the atrial rate combined with modifications of the P wave morphology. A 22-year-old patient presented with very fast and very slow atrial ectopic activity. He complained of repetitive episodes of fast tachycardia, some accompanied with dizziness. When the ectopic discharge was slow, no clear-cut difference between the sinus rate and the ectopic rate was seen and thus the atrial rhythm appeared quite regular. The ectopic focus was situated deep inside the right upper pulmonary vein (RSPV). After RSPV isolation a persistent sinus rhythm was established and since then the patient has been asymptomatic for 3 years. Thus, subtle changes in the P wave morphology without a significant change in the heart rate in patients presenting with palpitations can give a clue to the diagnosis of the tachycardia and the localization of the ectopic focus.
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Kumamoto, Taisuke, Chieko Hiraoka, Kotaro Murakami, Miki Fujita, Yuji Kunitoku, and Kiyohiko Kato. "Misplacement of left ventricular vent into the aortic root during a re-do Bentall procedure: a case report." JA Clinical Reports 9, no. 1 (March 21, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40981-023-00608-w.
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Abstract Background The left ventricular (LV) vent is commonly inserted via the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and directed toward the LV cavity through the mitral valve. We report a rare case in which the tip of the LV vent was misplaced into the aortic root across the aortic valve. Case presentation An 88-year-old man was scheduled to undergo the Bentall procedure. After initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, the LV vent was inserted via the RSPV. Anterograde cardioplegia was administered via the aortic root cannula after the ascending aorta was cross-clamped. The electrocardiogram did not result in complete cardiac arrest, even after delivery of two-thirds of the planned dose. A transesophageal echocardiographic examination showed that the tip of the LV vent was misplaced into the aortic root across the aortic valve. Conclusions It is important to confirm the tip position by transesophageal echocardiography to prevent severe complications associated with the LV vent.