Academic literature on the topic 'Rsm pathway'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rsm pathway"
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Singh, Jagmohan, and Satish Rattan. "Role of PKC and RhoA/ROCK pathways in the spontaneous phasic activity in the rectal smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 304, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): G723—G731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00473.2012.
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The role of PKC and RhoA/ROCK pathways in the phasic activities in the rectal smooth muscles (RSM) in the basal state is not known. We examined this issue by determining the effects of PKC inhibitors (calphostin C and Gö-6850) and a ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) on the slow-rate (∼3/min) and fast-rate (∼25/min) phasic activities. We also examined the corresponding signal transduction cascades and the PKC and ROCK enzymatic activities in the RSM in the basal state. PKC inhibition with calphostin C and Gö-6850 (10−5 M) caused a significant decrease (∼25%) in slow-rate (but not fast-rate) phasic activity (monitored by frequency and amplitude of contractions) of the RSM. Conversely, ROCK inhibition with Y-27632 (10−5 M) caused a significant decrease not only in slow-rate, but also fast-rate, phasic activity caused by ROCK inhibition in the RSM. Western blot analysis revealed that the PKC inhibition-induced decrease in RSM phasic activity was associated with decreases in PKCα translocation, phosphorylated (Thr38) PKC-potentiated inhibitor (CPI-17), and phosphorylated (Thr18/Ser19) 20-kDa myosin regulatory light chain. Conversely, decreases in the phasic activity in the RSM by ROCK inhibition were accompanied by the additional decrease in phosphorylated (Thr696) myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. Data show that while PKC and RhoA/ROCK pathways play a significant role in slow-rate high-amplitude spontaneous phasic activity, only the RhoA/ROCK pathway primarily mediates fast-rate low-amplitude phasic activity, in the RSM. Such knowledge is important in the understanding of the pathophysiology of large intestinal motility disorders. Relative contributions of the PKC vs. the RhoA/ROCK pathway in the phasic activity remain to be determined.
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Fang, Yanyan, Jian Liu, Ling Xin, Hui Jiang, Jinchen Guo, Xu Li, Fanfan Wang, Mingyu He, Qi Han, and Dan Huang. "Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza for Ankylosing Spondylitis: Determining Potential Inflammatory Molecular Targets and Mechanism Using Network Pharmacology." BioMed Research International 2022 (September 13, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3816258.
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Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (RSM) is widely used for the clinical improvement of inflammatory diseases. However, the actions of RSM in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study was designed to use retrospective clinical data mining approach to understand the effects of RSM on AS-related immuno-inflammatory processes, use network pharmacology to predict therapeutic targets of RSM, and to further investigate the pharmacological molecular mechanism in vitro. RSM treatment has a long-term correlation with the improvement of AS-related immuno-inflammatory indicators through computational models. We established protein-protein interaction networks, conducted KEGG analysis to enrich significant TNF pathways, and finally obtained three core targets of RSM in the treatment of AS, namely, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Screening of RSM active ingredients with node degree greater than 20 yielded cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA, and previous studies have reported their anti-inflammatory effects. In vitro, both cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA significantly inhibited the expressions of PTGS2, IL-6, and TNF-α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AS patients. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA, which are the active components of RSM, may inhibit the activation of TNF signaling pathway in AS patients by downregulating the expression of PTGS2, IL-6, and TNF-α. These findings illustrate that RSM may be a promising therapeutic candidate for AS, but further validation is required.
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de Godoy, Márcio A. F., Neeru Rattan, and Satish Rattan. "Arachidonic acid metabolites follow the preferential course of cyclooxygenase pathway for the basal tone in the internal anal sphincter." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 296, no. 4 (April 2009): G727—G734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90707.2008.
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Present studies determined the roles of the cyclooxygenase (COX) versus the lipoxygenase (LO) pathways in the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) tone. Studies were performed in the rat IAS versus the nontonic rectal smooth muscle (RSM). Indomethacin, the dual COX inhibitor, but not nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the LO inhibitor, produced a precipitous decrease in the IAS tone. However, when added in the background of indomethacin, NDGA caused significant reversal of the IAS tone. These inhibitors had no significant effect on the RSM. To follow the significance of COX versus LO pathways, we examined the effects of AA and its metabolites. In the IAS, AA caused an increase in the IAS tone (Emax = 38.8 ± 3.0% and pEC50 = 3.4 ± 0.1). In the RSM, AA was significantly less efficacious and potent (Emax = 11.3 ± 3.5% and pEC50 = 2.2 ± 0.3). The AA metabolites (via COXs) PGF2α and U-46619 (a stable analog of thromboxane A2) produced increases in the IAS tone and force in the RSM. Conversely, AA metabolites (via 5-LO) lipoxin A4, 5-HETE, and leukotriene C4 decreased the IAS tone. Finally, the contractile effects of AA in the IAS were selectively attenuated by the COX-1 but not the COX-2 inhibitor. Collectively, the specific effects of AA and the COX inhibitor, the Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showing specifically higher levels of COX-1, suggest a preferential role of the COX (specifically COX-1) pathway versus the LO in the regulation of the IAS tone.
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Takeuchi, Kasumi, Kosumi Yamada, and Dieter Haas. "ppGpp Controlled by the Gac/Rsm Regulatory Pathway Sustains Biocontrol Activity in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 11 (November 2012): 1440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-12-0034-r.
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In Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and other fluorescent pseudomonads, the Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway is instrumental for secondary metabolism and biocontrol of root pathogens via the expression of regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs). Furthermore, in strain CHA0, an imbalance in the Krebs cycle can affect the strain's ability to produce extracellular secondary metabolites, including biocontrol factors. Here, we report the metabolome of wild-type CHA0, a gacA-negative mutant, which has lost Gac/Rsm activities, and a retS-negative mutant, which shows strongly enhanced Gac/Rsm-dependent activities. Capillary electrophoresis-based metabolomic profiling revealed that the gacA and retS mutations had opposite effects on the intracellular levels of a number of central metabolites, suggesting that the Gac/Rsm pathway regulates not only secondary metabolism but also primary metabolism in strain CHA0. Among the regulated metabolites identified, the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) was characterized in detail by the construction of relA (for ppGpp synthase) and spoT (for ppGpp synthase/hydrolase) deletion mutants. In a relA spoT double mutant, ppGpp synthesis was completely abolished, the expression of Rsm sRNAs was attenuated, and physiological functions such as antibiotic production, root colonization, and plant protection were markedly diminished. Thus, ppGpp appears to be essential for sustaining epiphytic fitness and biocontrol activity of strain CHA0.
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Yao, Yongli, Fan Hao, Lin-Chen Tang, Xiang-Hong Xu, and Liping Jin. "Downregulation of HDAC8 expression decreases CD163 levels and promotes the apoptosis of macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage." Molecular Human Reproduction 26, no. 7 (May 20, 2020): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa035.
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Abstract Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) is a systemic disorder that has been defined as two or more pregnancies lost before the 20th week of gestation. Although the impaired function of macrophages at the maternal–fetal interface has been reported to be associated with RSM, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that HDAC8 plays a critical role in RSM. Our results show that the mRNA and protein expression of HDAC8 was decreased in decidual macrophages from RSM patients. Moreover, the knockdown of HDAC8 resulted in a significant decrease in CD163 expression and an increase in apoptosis in dTHP-1 macrophages. Mechanistically, the ERK signaling pathway was activated in HDAC8-knockdown macrophages. When HDAC8-knockdown cells were pretreated with the ERK inhibitor U0126, expression levels of CD163, activated caspases 3, 7 and 9, and the apoptosis rate, were rescued. Taken together, our current results suggest that HDAC8 plays an important role in macrophage activation and apoptosis and may contribute to maintaining normal pregnancy by increasing the expression of M2 marker genes and inhibiting the apoptosis of macrophages at the maternal–fetal interface.
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Anderson, Anne J., Beom Ryong Kang, and Young Cheol Kim. "The Gac/Rsm Signaling Pathway of a Biocontrol Bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6." Research in Plant Disease 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2017.23.3.212.
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Valverde, Claudio. "Artificial sRNAs activating the Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway in Pseudomonas fluorescens." Archives of Microbiology 191, no. 4 (February 13, 2009): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-009-0459-x.
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Rattan, Satish, and Jagmohan Singh. "RhoA/ROCK pathway is the major molecular determinant of basal tone in intact human internal anal sphincter." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 302, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): G664—G675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00430.2011.
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The knowledge of molecular control mechanisms underlying the basal tone in the intact human internal anal sphincter (IAS) is critical for the pathophysiology and rational therapy for a number of debilitating rectoanal motility disorders. We determined the role of RhoA/ROCK and PKC pathways by comparing the effects of ROCK- and PKC-selective inhibitors Y 27632 and Gö 6850 (10−8to 10−4M), respectively, on the basal tone in the IAS vs. the rectal smooth muscle (RSM). Western blot studies were performed to determine the levels of RhoA/ROCK II, PKC-α, MYPT1, CPI-17, and MLC20in the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms, in the IAS vs. RSM. Confocal microscopic studies validated the membrane distribution of ROCK II. Finally, to confirm a direct relationship, we examined the enzymatic activities and changes in the basal IAS tone and p-MYPT1, p-CPI-17, and p-MLC20, before and after Y 27632 and Gö 6850. Data show higher levels of RhoA/ROCK II and related downstream signal transduction proteins in the IAS vs. RSM. In addition, data show a significant correlation between the active RhoA/ROCK levels, ROCK enzymatic activity, downstream proteins, and basal IAS tone, before and after ROCK inhibitor. From these data we conclude 1) RhoA/ROCK and downstream signaling are constitutively active in the IAS, and this pathway (in contrast with PKC) is the critical determinant of the basal tone in intact human IAS; and 2) RhoA and ROCK are potential therapeutic targets for a number of rectoanal motility disorders for which currently there is no satisfactory treatment.
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Yuan, Huayu, Qi Su, Yuehu Wang, Jiang Li, Baojun Liu, Yancheng Li, and Pan Wu. "Tetracycline catalytic photodegradation with mesoporous phosphated TiO2: characterization, process optimization and degradation pathway." RSC Advances 11, no. 18 (2021): 10975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00516b.
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The prepared P-TiO2 has a perfect degradation effect on TC (99.16%) due to the loading of phosphate. The impact of multiple factors and the best degradation conditions were obtained by RSM. The possible degradation pathways of TC were proposed also.
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Takeuchi, Kasumi. "GABA, A Primary Metabolite Controlled by the Gac/Rsm Regulatory Pathway, Favors a Planktonic Over a Biofilm Lifestyle in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 2 (February 2018): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0120-r.
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In Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and other fluorescent pseudomonads, the Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway is crucial for the expression of secondary metabolism and the biological control of fungi, nematodes, and insects. Based on the findings of a previous metabolomic study, the role of intracellular γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) as a potential signal in the Gac/Rsm pathway was investigated herein. The function and regulation of a gabDT (c01870-c01880) gene cluster in strain CHA0 were described. The gabT gene encoded GABA transaminase (GABAT) and enabled the growth of the bacterium on GABA, whereas the upstream gabD gene (annotated as a gene encoding succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) had an unknown function. A gacA mutant exhibited low GABAT activity, leading to the markedly greater intracellular accumulation of GABA than in the wild type. In the gacA mutant, the RsmA and RsmE proteins caused translational gabD repression, with concomitant gabT repression. Due to very low GABAT activity, the gabT mutant accumulated GABA to high levels. This trait promoted a planktonic lifestyle, reduced biofilm formation, and favored root colonization without exhibiting the highly pleiotropic gacA phenotypes. These results suggest an important role of GABA in the Gac/Rsm-regulated niche adaptation of strain CHA0 to plant roots.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rsm pathway"
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Dupont, Charly. "Caractérisatiοn mοléculaire des mécanismes de cοmmunicatiοn aérienne chez la sοuche Ρseudοmοnas fluοrescens ΜFE01." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR021.
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Les composés organiques volatils (COV), sous-produits du métabolisme émis par l’ensemble desorganismes vivants, sont volatils en conditions environnementales en raison de leurs propriétés physicochimiques.Chez les bactéries, et notamment celles du genre Pseudomonas, les COV sontprincipalement étudiés pour leur capacité à inhiber des microorganismes phytopathogènes. Leur rôledans la communication, un mécanisme indispensable à la coordination des communautés bactérienneslors de la formation de biofilm, est rarement considéré.L'objectif des travaux menés est l'analyse les COVs produits par la souche Pseudomonas fluorescensMFE01 et leur impact sur sa communication. Les voies de communication de MFE01 sont peu connueset ne correspondent pas aux systèmes déjà décrits chez de nombreuses bactéries du genrePseudomonas. La caractérisation du bouquet de molécules émises par MFE01 met en évidence uneforte émission de 1-undécène. Un mutant du gène undA, codant l’enzyme de synthèse du 1-undécène,n’émet plus ce COV et a une capacité réduite à former des biofilms. L’exposition de ce mutant à du 1-undécène exogène restaure la formation de biofilm. Le 1-undécène serait donc une molécule decommunication intraspécifique chez P. fluorescens MFE01. Le gène undA semble être en opéron avecle gène rbdA, codant un senseur putatif. Nous formulons l’hypothèse que Rbda serait impliqué dans laperception du 1-undécène et que la transduction du signal s’effectuerait via la synthèse de di-guanosinemonophosphate cyclique, un messager secondaire connu pour induire la formation de biofilm.L’étude de la voie de régulation Gac/Rsm, connue pour gouverner le métabolisme et la communicationdes Pseudomonas, montre qu’elle module fortement la quantité et le profil de COV émis par MFE01.Cette voie pilote chez MFE01 l’émission de 1-undécène et l’inhibition aérienne du pathogène humainLegionella pneumophila ainsi que celle du phytopathogène Phytophtora infestans. L’expression du gènegacS, codant le senseur principal de la voie Gac/Rsm, serait activée par au moins un COV,potentiellement le 2-tridecanone et/ou le 2-undecanoneVolatile organic compounds (VOCs), by-products of metabolism emitted by all living organisms, arevolatile under environmental conditions due to their physicochemical properties. In bacteria, especiallythose of the genus Pseudomonas, VOCs are mainly studied for their ability to inhibit phytopathogenicmicroorganisms. Their role in communication, which is a crucial mechanism for coordinating bacterialcommunities during biofilm formation, is understudied.This research focuses on investigating VOCs emitted by the Pseudomonas fluorescens MFE01 strainand their implications in its communication. The uncharacterized communications pathways of MFE01are untypical and does not involve pathways already described in others Pseudomonas.Characterization of molecules the emitted by MFE01 reveals a huge emission of 1-undecene. A mutantlacking the undA gene, responsible for 1-undecene synthesis, no longer emits this VOC and exhibitsreduced biofilm formation capabilities. Exposure of this mutant to exogenous 1-undecene restoresbiofilm formation, Therefore, 1-undecene seems to be an intraspecific communication molecule in P.fluorescens MFE01. The undA gene seems to be in an operon with the rbdA gene, encoding a putativesensor. We hypothesize that Rbda is involved in 1-undecene perception with signal transduction likelyoccurring via the synthesis of cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate, a known secondary messenger thatinduces biofilm formation.Additionally, the study of the Gac/Rsm regulatory pathway, a critical regulator of metabolism andcommunication in Pseudomonas, demonstrates that it strongly modulates the quantity and profile ofVOCs emitted by MFE01. This pathway governs 1-undecene emission and the aerial inhibition of humanpathogen Legionella pneumophila and phytopathogen Phytophtora infestans by MFE01. At least oneVOC, possibly 2-tridecanone and/or 2-undecanone, may activate the expression of the gacS gene,which encodes the principal sensor of the Gac/Rsm pathway
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Larrea, Michelle Davila. "The Story of the Promiscuous Substrate: An Investigation of the Role of the PI3K Pathway in p27Kip1 Regulation." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/36.
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Deregulated cell proliferation, resulting from disruption of cell cycle control, is characteristic of many cancers. In normal cells, cell cycle progression is mediated by a family of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) that are positively regulated by associated cyclins. The activities of these cyclin-Cdk complexes are regulated by two protein families: the inhibitors of Cdk4 (INK4) and the kinase inhibitor proteins (KIP). p27 is a KIP family member that can inhibit cyclin E-Cdk2 activity. It also plays a role in the assembly and nuclear import of cyclin D-Cdk4 in early G1. p27 has been shown to be deregulated in human cancers by accelerated proteolysis, sequestration in cyclin D-Cdk complexes, and mislocalization to the cytoplasm. The causes of these alterations are not fully understood, but result, at least in part, from changes in signal transduction pathways that alter p27 phosphorylation and function. Activation of both the Ras/Raf/ mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the phospho-inositol 3' kinase (PI3K) pathways have been shown to alter p27 function and to activate p27 degradation in different cell types. In this thesis, I have investigated the roles played by two kinases downstream of PI3K, protein kinase B (PKB) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1), in regulation of p27 function. I observed that PKB-mediated phosphorylation of p27 promotes p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4 assembly. p27 phosphorylation by RSK1 alters the interaction of p27 with cytoskeleton proteins to promote cell motility. I observed that PKB activation and the appearance of p27pT157 and p27pT198 in early G1 precede p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4 assembly. PI3K/PKB inhibition dissociates cellular p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4 and p27T157A, p27T198A and p27T157A/T198A bind cellular cyclin D1 and Cdk4 poorly. Cellular p27pT157 and p27pT198 co-precipitate with Cdk4 but not Cdk2. p27 phosphorylation by PKB increases the ability of p27 to assemble cyclin D1-Cdk4 in vitro, but yields inactive Cdk4. While Src does not affect p27's ability to assemble cyclin D1-Cdk4, Src treatment yields catalytically active p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4. Thus, while PKB dependent p27 phosphorylation promotes p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4 assembly, tyrosine phosphorylation of p27 is required for activation of p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4 complexes. Constitutive activation of PKB and Abl or Src family kinases in cancers would drive p27 phosphorylation, increase cyclin D1-Cdk4 assembly and activation, and reduce the cyclin E-Cdk2 inhibitory function of p27. Combined therapy with both Src and PI3K/PKB inhibitors may reverse this process. While RSK1 has been shown to phosphorylate p27, the key phosphorylation sites and the consequence of this phosphorylation event were not fully elucidated. I have shown that RSK1 activation in early G1 precedes p27 phosphorylation at T157 and T198 in synchronized cell populations. Overexpression of RSK1 causes resistance to G1 arrest by TGF-â. Moreover, cells overexpressing RSK1 show an increase in p27 phosphorylation at T198, increased p27 stability, and an increase in p27 binding to Cdk4. In addition, RSK1-transfectants have increased cytoplasmic p27, associated with increased cell motility and inhibition of RhoA. p27 phosphorylation by recombinant RSK1 increases p27 binding to RhoA, while p27T157A/T198A shows reduced association with RhoA in cells. Thus, phosphorylation of p27 at T198 by RSK1 promotes its binding to RhoA and loss of actin stress fiber stability. Oncogenic RSK1 activation may promote increased cancer cell migration and cancer metastasis. Taken together our results indicate that oncogenic activation of the PI3K pathway can contribute to loss of cyclin E-Cdk2 inhibitory action of p27 by at least two mechanisms. Activation of PKB and RSK1 signaling would promote cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27, p27-RhoA binding and inhibition of the RhoA pathway to augment cell motility. In addition, these phosphorylation events on p27 would increase the assembly of p27-cyclin D1-Cdk4 as a first step in a chain of events that would promote that nuclear import and activation of D-type cyclin Cdk complexes, shifting the equilibrium away from the Cdk2 inhibitory action of p27.
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Bernecic, Naomi Charlotte. "Identifying the regulatory mechanisms underlying cholesterol efflux from the sperm plasma membrane during capacitation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20811.
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Before mammalian spermatozoa gain the capacity to fertilise, they must undergo capacitation, a maturation event involving a series of intensely regulated mechanisms that are induced upon exposure to factors within the female reproductive tract or defined in vitro media. The loss of cholesterol from the sperm plasma membrane, also known as cholesterol efflux, is one such mechanism that occurs during capacitation and is required for successful fertilisation. Unlike the majority of mammalian species, traditional in vitro media like Tyrodes with albumin, lactate and pyruvate (TALP) is unable to effectively stimulate capacitation in ram spermatozoa. Only when spermatozoa from this species are incubated with a combination of factors that upregulate cAMP production (collectively termed cAMP up-regulators), these being the metabolic inert cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) and two phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, caffeine and theophylline, is there evidence of successful capacitation. Though this is established in literature, there is limited knowledge of the capacitation-related processes that are supported under these elevated cAMP conditions, specifically cholesterol efflux. The research within this thesis investigates the requirements necessary to facilitate cholesterol efflux and explores the mechanisms that may be responsible for regulating this process in ram spermatozoa.
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Butcher, Gregory Quinn. "The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway a signaling conduit for photic entrainment of the central mammalian circadian clock /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147206998.
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Joachim, Bastian [Verfasser], and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinrich. "Reaction rim growth in the systems MgO-SiO2 and CaO-MgO-SiO2: diffusion pathways and the effect of water / Bastian Joachim. Betreuer: Wilhelm Heinrich." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016533349/34.
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Pathak, Pankaj [Verfasser], and Parashu Ram [Verfasser] Pal. "Data Mining Multi-Attribute Decision System. Facilitating Decision Support Through Data Mining Technique by Hierarchical Multi-Attribute Decision Models / Pankaj Pathak, Parashu Ram Pal." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221132237/34.
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Martins, Hugo Ludovico. "Análise da detecção de C4d, linfócitos B e plasmócitos no processo de rejeição ao aloenxerto renal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-07052010-145241/.
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A rejeição ao aloenxerto mediada por mecanismos celulares ou humorais representa uma importante complicação no pós-transplante renal. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o depósito de C4d peritubular é um marcador de rejeição mediada por anticorpos. A técnica padrão ouro para a pesquisa de C4d é a imunofluorescência em criostato. No entanto, o manuseio do material congelado implica em algumas limitações custo-operacionais, particularmente em nosso meio. Nos casos de rejeição mediada por anticorpos é de relevância patogenética a análise da participação de linfócitos B e plasmócitos, pois são as células responsáveis pela produção de anticorpos. Considerando que até o momento o envolvimento de linfócitos B e plasmócitos no processo de rejeição foi pouco investigado, no presente estudo também será analisada a expressão de CD20 e CD138 em biópsias renais, para caracterização destes componentes celulares. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a detecção do fragmento C4d por meio de 4 diferentes técnicas, além de analisar o infiltrado de linfócitos B e plasmócitos em biópsias de enxerto renal, correlacionando estes achados com o C4d peritubular. Foram analisadas 107 biópsias de 82 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal. A pesquisa do C4d foi realizada utilizando-se as técnicas de imunofluorescência [IF] (em cortes de criostato e de parafina) e imuno-histoquímica [IH] (em cortes de criostato e de parafina), enquanto que as pesquisas dos linfócitos B e plasmócitos foram realizadas pela técnica de IH em cortes de parafina utilizando-se os anticorpos anti-CD20 e anti-CD138, específicos para linfócitos B e plasmócitos, respectivamente. Com relação à detecção de C4d, as técnicas com maior índice de concordância com a IF-criostato, considerada padrão-ouro, foram IH-criostato (75,6% dos casos apresentaram resultados coincidentes, r=0,72; p<0,0001) e IF-parafina (73%, r=0,59; p=0,0001), enquanto a taxa de concordância na técnica de IH-parafina foi de apenas 51,4% (r=0,35; p=0,03). Analisando a evolução clínica, a sobrevida do enxerto renal em 3 anos pós-biópsia foi menor no grupo C4d positivo comparado ao grupo C4d negativo (67% vs 96%, respectivamente, p=0,01). A prevalência de linfócitos B (CD20+) foi de 54% das biópsias de enxerto renal. A análise histológica do infiltrado de linfócitos B revelou 2 padrões distintos de infiltrado: padrão de células isoladas (74%) e padrão nodular (26%). O padrão nodular esteve associado a uma menor sobrevida do enxerto renal em 3 anos pós-biópsia (61% vs 89% no grupo CD20 negativo; p=0,03; e 61% vs 87% no grupo padrão de células isoladas; p=0,03). A prevalência de plasmócitos (CD138+) em biópsias de enxerto renal foi de 59%. O infiltrado plasmocitário não esteve associado a uma pior evolução clínica do transplante. A análise da correlação entre C4d peritubular, linfócitos B e plasmócitos demonstrou que o número de células CD20+ e CD138+ foi significativamente maior nos casos C4d positivos comparados aos casos C4d negativos (CD20+: 155±53 vs 26±7 cels/mm2, respectivamente; p=0,001; CD138+: 46±22 vs 4±1 cels/mm2, respectivamente; p=0,002). O presente estudo concluiu que o depósito peritubular de C4d e o infiltrado de linfócitos B, em especial o padrão nodular, estão associados a uma evolução clínica desfavorável do transplante renal. Outra conclusão importante é que há uma associação positiva entre os infiltrados de linfócitos B e de plasmócitos com o C4d peritubular, sugerindo um possível papel destas células responsáveis pela produção de anticorpos na ativação do sistema complemento in situ. Finalmente, as técnicas de IH-criostato e IF-parafina podem ser consideradas técnicas alternativas à técnica de IF-criostato para a detecção do C4dAllograft rejection mediated by cellular or humoral mechanisms represents an important complication after kidney transplantation. Capillary C4d deposition was recognized as a specific and independent prognostic marker of antibody mediated rejection. The gold standard technique for C4d detection is the immunofluorescence in cryostat sections. However, this technique involves some operating and costs limitations, particularly in Brazil. In antibody mediated rejection, the analysis of B lymphocytes and plasma cells is of pathogenetic relevance since these cells are responsible for antibody production. Considering that the involvement of B lymphocytes and plasma cells in the rejection process is not clear, in this study the CD20 and CD138 expression in kidney biopsies will be also analyzed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the C4d detection by 4 different techniques and the infiltration of B lymphocytes and plasma cells in renal allograft biopsies, correlating these findings with the capillary C4d deposition. One hundred and seven biopsies of 82 renal transplant patients were analyzed. C4d was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques in frozen and paraffin sections (obtained from the same patients), whereas B-lymphocytes and plasma cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections using specific antibodies anti-B Lymphocytes (CD20) and anti-plasma cells (CD138). Regarding the C4d detection, the techniques with higher concordance rate with frozen-IF, considered the gold standard, were the frozen-IHC technique (85.4% of cases showed coincident results, r=0.72; p<0.0001) and the paraffin-IF technique (73%, r=0.59; p=0.0001), whereas the concordance rate in the paraffin-IHC technique was only 51.4% (r=0.35; p=0.03). The clinical follow up analysis demonstrate that C4d positive group was associated with a poor graft survival at 3 years post-diagnosis (67% vs 96% in C4d negative group; p=0.01). The histological analysis of mature B cells (CD20+) infiltrate showed 2 distinct patterns: scattered cells and clusters. The cluster pattern was associated with poor graft survival at 3 years (61% vs 89% in the CD20 negative group; p=0.03; and 61% vs 87% in the CD20+ scattered pattern group; p=0.03). The plasma cells infiltrate was not associated with a worse clinical transplant outcome. The analysis of the capillary C4d and B lymphocytes correlation demonstrate that the number of CD20+ and CD138+ cells was significantly higher in C4d positive cases (CD20+: 155±53 vs 26±7 cells/mm2, respectively; p=0.001; CD138+: 46±22 vs 4±1 cells/mm2, respectively; p=0.002). This study concluded that C4d capillary and mature B cells (clusters pattern) are associated with worse graft survival. Another important conclusion is a positive association between B lymphocytes (mature B cells and plasma cells) and capillary C4d, suggesting a possible role of these cells, responsible for antibodies production, in the in situ complement system activation. Finally, the frozen-IHC and paraffin-IF techniques may be considered alternative to frozen-IF technique for C4d detection
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Gao, Beichen. "Characterization of p120-catenin, a novel RSK substrate in the Ras/MAPK signalling pathway." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18641.
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Butola, Tanvi. "Molecular physiology of signal transmission along the auditory pathway." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3FAB-7.
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Zhang, Xiaocui. "Feedback regulation of Gab2-dependent signaling by the Ras/MAPK pathway." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12098.
Full textBooks on the topic "Rsm pathway"
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PATHWAYS CD-ROM (MPC VERSION) (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
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PATHWAYS CD-ROM (APPLE VERSION) (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
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PATHWAYS CD-ROM (ACORN VERSION) (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
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Anderson, Lisa, and Chitra Subramaniam. Pathway to Student Success CD-ROM. Prentice Hall, 2007.
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PATHWAYS CD ROM CDI COMPLETE PACK (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 1995.
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PATHWAYS CD ROM TCHS NOTES RES MAST (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 1995.
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Collins Pathways: Stages 1-3 CD-Rom Pack (Collins Pathways). Collins Educational, 1996.
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Collins Pathways: Stages 1-3 CD-Rom Pack (Collins Pathways). Collins Educational, 1996.
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Sternberg, Robert J. Kit: Pathway Psy, Case +Cd-ROM(Win) Ishm. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1997.
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Collins Pathways: Stages 1-3 CD-ROM Pack: Windows / MPC (Collins Pathways). HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rsm pathway"
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Llewellyn, Sue. "Dream to Associate." In What Do Dreams Do?, 24–41. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818953.003.0003.
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Dreams make non-obvious associations to depict complex patterns in past experience. These patterns are constructed from elements of different memories. This chapter illustrates this concept through a dream, ‘the white paper kite and the butterfly’. Dreams portray a complex, experiential pattern, but this pattern hasn’t been experienced, so dreams don’t depict what really happened. Memories can be semantic (for knowledge) or episodic (for experiences). They are held in brain networks composed of pathways and junctions. Episodic memories are represented along pathways. I argue rapid eye movement (REM) dream images, composed of elements of different experiences, are represented at junctions.
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Fisch, Adam J. "The Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, & Limbic System." In Neuroanatomy, 341–76. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259587.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on learning the anatomy of the diencephalon, basal ganglia, and limbic system. It provides instruction on how to draw the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, diencephalon, limbic system, hippocampus, Papez circuit, parahippocampal gyrus, intrahippocampal circuitry, olfactory cortex, and basal forebrain. Also addressed is the neurocircuitry of sleep, including the anatomical location of the sleep center, the physiology of the thalamocortical circuits, the pathway for the generation of REM sleep, and the biology of sleep and wakefulness. The chapter concludes with key discoveries in the biology of sleep and wakefulness.
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Warrant, Eric, and U. Homberg. "Research Spotlight—Insect Polarization Vision: Peripheral And Central Mechanisms." In Structure and Evolution of Invertebrate Nervous Systems, 646–51. Oxford University PressOxford, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682201.003.0049.
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Abstract The ability to detect linearly polarized light is used by insects for spatial orientation, object identification and, in a few cases, sexual signalling. The use of polarization vision for sky compass orientation has received particular attention. Scattering of sunlight by air molecules generates a pattern of skylight polarization, which insects can use, just like the sun itself, as a visual celestial compass. Polarized skylight is detected by specialized ommatidia in the so-called dorsal rim area of the eye. In this eye region, ommatidial photoreceptors have highly aligned rhodopsin-bearing microvilli, resulting in high polarization sensitivity. Photoreceptors are homochromatic and occur in each ommatidium as sets of receptors with orthogonal microvillar orientations. Antagonistic input from these photoreceptors likely results in polarization-opponency in neurons of the polarization vision pathway in the brain. Studies in locusts, monarch butterflies, and a few other species have shown that convergence of signals from both eyes occurs in the central complex, a group of midline-spanning neuropils in the brain. Here, bilateral integration results in a compass-like topographic representation of zenithal E-vectors, which may be used as a frame of reference for spatial memory, path integration, and other spatial tasks. Integration of other celestial cues, such as the sky chromatic contrast, occurs at central stages of the polarization vision system, presumably to increase the robustness of the sky compass signal.
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Frederick, Bruce C., Mike D. Blum, Chris M. Lowery, and John W. Snedden. "Resolving Presalt Sediment Source Terrains and Dispersal Pathways for the Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin." In Mesozoic of the Gulf Rim and Beyond: New Progress in Science and Exploration of the Gulf of Mexico Basin, 233–51. Gulf Coast Section SEPM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.35.0233.
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Snedden, John W., Ann Caroline Bovay, and J. Xu. "New Models of Early Cretaceous Source-to-Sink Pathways in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico." In Mesozoic of the Gulf Rim and Beyond: New Progress in Science and Exploration of the Gulf of Mexico Basin, 380–414. Gulf Coast Section SEPM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.15.35.0380.
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Torrisi-Steele, Geraldine. "Theoretical Foundations for Educational Multimedia." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1391–98. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch188.
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The notion of using technology for educational purposes is not new. In fact, it can be traced back to the early 1900s during which time school museums were used to distribute portable exhibits. This was the beginning of the visual education movement that persisted through the 1930s as advances in technology such as radio and sound motion pictures continued. The training needs of World War II stimulated serious growth in the audiovisual instruction movement. Instructional television arrived in the 1950s, but had little impact, mainly due to the expense of installing and maintaining systems. The advent of computers in the 1950s laid the foundation for CAI (computer assisted instruction) through the 1960s and 1970s. However, it was not until the 1980s that computers began to make a major impact in education (Reiser, 2001). Early applications of computer resources included the use of primitive simulation. These early simulations had little graphic capabilities and did little to enhance the learning experience (Munro, 2000). Since the 1990s, there have been rapid advances in computer technologies in the area of multimedia production tools, delivery, and storage devices. Throughout the 1990s, numerous CD-ROM educational multimedia software was produced and was used in educational settings. More recently, the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), together with the emergence of mobile devices and wireless networking, has opened a vast array of possibilities for the use of multimedia technologies and associated information and communications technologies (ICT) to enrich the learning environment. Today, educational institutions are investing considerable effort and money into the use of multimedia. The use of multimedia technologies in educational institutions is seen as necessary for keeping education relevant to the twenty-first century (Selwyn & Gordard, 2003). The term “multimedia” as used in this article refers any technologies which make possible “the entirely digital delivery of content presented by using an integrated combination of audio, video, images (twodimensional, three-dimensional) and text” along with the capacity to support user interaction (Torrisi-Steele, 2004, p. 24). Multimedia may be delivered on computer via CD-ROM, DVD, the Internet, or on other devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, or any digital device capable of supporting interactive and integrated delivery of digital audio, video, image, and text data. The notion of interaction in educational multimedia may be viewed from two perspectives. First, interaction may be conceptualised in terms of “the capacity of the system to allow individual to control the pace of presentation and to make choices about which pathways are followed to move through the content; and the ability of the system to accept input from the user and provide appropriate feedback to that input” (Torrisi- Steele, 2004, p. 24). Second, given the integration of multimedia with communication technologies, interaction may be conceptualized as communication among individuals (teacher-learner and learner(s)-learner(s)) in the learning space that is made possible by technology (e-mail, chat, video-conferencing, threaded discussion groups, and so on).
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Broughton, Chad. "Little Detroit, El Cártel, and Aguamiel." In Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0020.
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The Second-Shifters Filed in slowly on a late Thursday afternoon. From the outside, the factory was a long (nearly a third of a mile), nondescript white box, baking silently in the desert sun of the Ramos Arizpe mountain valley. Inside, it was fairly dark and noisy, with long rows of metal-stamping machines, soldering stations, and assembly lines. Neat green pathways edged with yellow lines, stretching as far as the eye could see, marked the safe routes through. Full-sized and colorful cardboard cutouts of a smiling man and woman greeted workers, highlighting appropriate safety gear. The operators, an even mix of men and women, meandered down the green paths like high school students reluctantly heading to class. There were young men with sagging jeans and others with Def Leppard and Metallica T-shirts. One young man sported a fauxhawk. Another had a pony tail and looked slightly hungover. Many of the women wore tight-fitting jeans, some of them bejeweled. A large number appeared to be in their teens. The factory in Ramos Arizpe—a desiccated and spacious industrial valley just southwest of Monterrey, Nuevo León, and just north of Saltillo, Coahuila—was on a refrigerator continental divide. The Whirlpool, Maytag, and KitchenAid refrigerators they assembled here—including the side-by-side, which had been perfected and popularized by Galesburg’s Admiral plant fifty years earlier—flowed north. The hip and colorful Brastemp side-by-sides shipped south to Brazil. The enormous Whirlpool factory was only seven years old in 2013, but it paled in comparison to the massive Dodge Ram truck plant we visited on the other side of Saltillo. Planta Ensamble Saltillo had its own valley, rigorous security, and produced 220,000 trucks a year in nearly infinite combinations of engine sizes, body types, and colors. It sat next to a Chrysler engine factory and a DHL logistics center, which handled some of the highly complicated sequencing for the massive operation. From the back of an electric cart, we saw Dodge trucks start off as metal pieces, pressed out and shaped by hundreds of enormous robotic arms, jerking precisely from position to position, sending up sparks behind tall metal cages.
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M. Harvey, Evan, Murad Almasri, and Hugo R. Martinez. "Genetics of Cardiomyopathy." In Cardiomyopathy - Disease of the Heart Muscle [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97010.
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Cardiomyopathies (CMs) encompass a heterogeneous group of structural and functional (systolic and diastolic) abnormalities of the myocardium and are either confined to the cardiovascular system or are part of a systemic disorder. CMs represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and account for a significant percentage of death and cardiac transplantation. The 2006 American Heart Association (AHA) classification grouped CMs into primary (genetic, mixed, or acquired) or secondary (i.e., infiltrative or autoimmune). In 2008, the European Society of Cardiology classification proposed subgrouping CM into familial or genetic and nonfamilial or nongenetic forms. In 2013, the World Heart Federation recommended the MOGES nosology system, which incorporates a morpho-functional phenotype (M), organ(s) involved (O), the genetic inheritance pattern (G), an etiological annotation (E) including genetic defects or underlying disease/substrates, and the functional status (S) of a particular patient based on heart failure symptoms. Rapid advancements in the biology of cardio-genetics have revealed substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in myocardial disease. Given the variety of disciplines in the scientific and clinical fields, any desired classification may face challenges to obtaining consensus. Nonetheless, the heritable phenotype-based CM classification offers the possibility of a simple, clinically useful diagnostic scheme. In this chapter, we will describe the genetic basis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), LV noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Although the descriptive morphologies of these types of CM differ, an overlapping phenotype is frequently encountered within the CM types and arrhythmogenic pathology in clinical practice. CMs appear to originate secondary to disruption of “final common pathways.” These disruptions may have purely genetic causes. For example, single gene mutations result in dysfunctional protein synthesis causing downstream dysfunctional protein interactions at the level of the sarcomere and a CM phenotype. The sarcomere is a complex with multiple protein interactions, including thick myofilament proteins, thin myofilament proteins, and myosin-binding proteins. In addition, other proteins are involved in the surrounding architecture of the sarcomere such as the Z-disk and muscle LIM proteins. One or multiple genes can exhibit tissue-specific function, development, and physiologically regulated patterns of expression for each protein. Alternatively, multiple mutations in the same gene (compound heterozygosity) or in different genes (digenic heterozygosity) may lead to a phenotype that may be classic, more severe, or even overlapping with other disease forms.
Conference papers on the topic "Rsm pathway"
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Edd, Shannon N., Nathan A. Netravali, Julien Favre, Nicholas J. Giori, and Thomas P. Andriacchi. "Meniscectomized Knees Regain Normal Walking Flexion Range of Motion With Time Past Surgery." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14746.
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Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee injuries with an incidence rate of 60–70 per 100,000 person-years [1]. Although arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, the leading treatment for meniscal tears, decreases pain, the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is four times higher for a meniscectomized knee compared to an uninjured knee [2]. Prior research has shown that meniscectomized knees have reduced sagittal-plane range of motion in the early period following surgery (6 to 18 months) [3–5]. These observations suggest a mechanical pathway to knee OA, in which alteration in ambulatory knee function causes shifts in tibiofemoral cartilage location to unprepared cartilage regions, thus causing damage to the maladapted tissue [6]. While such a mechanical pathway is well documented for knees with reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament [7], the paucity of information regarding the walking mechanics of meniscectomized knees at longer term post-operation limits our understanding of the pathway to OA in this population. Particularly, it is unknown whether meniscectomized knees regain normal dynamic range of motion (ROM) in knee flexion with time past surgery. Because regaining ROM alters the mechanical function in the meniscectomized knee, understanding the changes in this gait variable over time may help elucidate the various pathways to OA development in meniscectomized knees.
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Pruyn, Jeroen. "An Evaluation of Suitable Methods to Deal with Deep Uncertainty Caused by the Energy Transition in Ship Design." In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-252.
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The maritime industry is transitioning toward zero emission. To ensure compliance with future emission reduction regulations, many different alternative fuels and technology options are being investigated and evaluated. However, as these are ongoing developments, this results in varying and changing data on the performance and requirements of options. On top of that, while regulatory ambitions are aiming for increasingly larger reductions of Green House Gases (GHG) and other harmful substances, the level and details of the future regulations are unknown and subject to ongoing scientific and societal discussions. The level of uncertainty regarding regulation and technology for the energy transition can be defined as being deeply uncertain, which means uncertainty cannot be ordered in terms of possibility or occurrence. Although uncertainty is not uncommon in ship design, ship owners and designers are faced with an unprecedented level of uncertainty and require new methods to deal with this. This paper therefore investigates and compares several methods that could be used to increase the feasibility of future energy carriers in the design process, while accounting for the uncertainty in regulation and technical details of alternative fuels. Three promising methods were identified in a literature research: Firstly, Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) evaluates alternative options and develops possible pathways to compliance. Secondly, Responsive Systems Comparison (RSC) determines performance of a design in established scenarios (epoch), also allowing evaluation including retrofit (changeability). Thirdly, Robust Decision making (RDM) explores the effect of uncertainties on a pre-specified design and analyses its vulnerability. Within this paper, a first comparison is carried out by applying each method to a general cargo ship case. The goal is to better understand the usability and potential of each method for the energy transition in shipping. Each of the researched methods was shown to allow for different insights in option performance in uncertain conditions during the early design stage. With DAPP providing a global, but clear overview of the possible future pathways toward emission reduction compliance of the design, RSC giving a more detailed insight of technology options in specific scenarios (including evaluation of changeability in a scenario) and RDM allowing a more in depth research of the alternative fuel’s parameters and the circumstances under which these might comply. With each method demonstrating its own strength, future research will develop more realistic and complex designs and processes to be applied to a combination of the beneficial aspects of two or more methods.
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Bansal, Radhika, and Guo-En Chang. "Heterostructure Vertical p-i-n GeSn Light-Emitting Diodes on Silicon-on-Insulator for 2µm Wavelength Band." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2022.cwp12b_03.
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We report on GeSn vertical p-i-n heterostructure light-emitting diode grown on silicon-on-insulator platform. Room-temperature electroluminescence spectra were demonstrated. These results pave the pathway for efficient on-chip light sources for integrated photonics in 2 µm wavelength band.
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Bayliff, Scott, Bret Windom, Anthony Marchese, Greg Hampson, Jeffrey Carlson, Domenico Chiera, and Daniel Olsen. "Controlled End Gas Auto Ignition With Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Stoichiometric, Spark Ignited, Natural Gas Engine." In ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2020-2979.
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Abstract The goal of this study is to address fundamental limitations to achieving diesel-like efficiencies in heavy duty on-highway natural gas (NG) engines. Engine knock and misfire are barriers to pathways leading to higher efficiency engines. This study explores enabling technologies for development of high efficiency stoichiometric, spark ignited, natural gas engines. These include design strategies for fast and stable combustion and higher dilution tolerance. Additionally, advanced control methodologies are implemented to maintain stable operation between knock and misfire limits. To implement controlled end-gas autoignition (C-EGAI) strategies a Combustion Intensity Metric (CIM) is used for ignition control with the use of a Woodward large engine control module (LECM). Tests were conducted using a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine with baseline conditions of 900 RPM, engine load of 800 kPa indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) tests were performed using a custom EGR system that simulates a high pressure EGR loop and can provide a range of EGR rates from 0 to 40%. The experimental measurements included the variance of EGR rate, compression ratio, engine speed, IMEP, and CIM. These five variables were optimized through a Modified BoxBenken design Surface Response Method (RSM), with brake efficiency as the merit function. A positive linear correlation between CIM and f-EGAI was identified. Consequently, CIM was used as the feedback control parameter for C-EGAI. As such, implementation of C-EGAI effectively allowed for the utilization of high EGR rates and CRs, controlling combustion between a narrower gap between knock and lean limits. The change from fixed to parametric ignition timing with CIM targeted select values of f-EGAI with an average coefficient of variance (COV) of peak pressure of 5.4. The RSM efficiency optimization concluded with operational conditions of 1080 RPM, 1150 kPa IMEP, 10.55:1 compression ratio, and 17.8% EGR rate with a brake efficiency of 21.3%. At this optimized point of peak performance, a f-EGAI for C-EGAI was observed at 34.1% heat release due to auto ignition, a knock onset crank angle value of 10.3° aTDC and ignition timing of −24.7° aTDC. This work has demonstrated that combustion at a fixed f-EGAI can be maintained through advanced ignition control of CIM without experiencing heavy knocking events.
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Mildren, R. P. "Stimulated Scattering lasers: Pathways to power and coherence." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2022.ctha1f_01.
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Instead of stimulated emission from a population inversion, Brillouin and Raman lasers use stimulated scattering from optically-excited phonons as the light amplification mechanism - optical phonons in the case of Raman scattering, and acoustic phonons for Brillouin. The interaction of optical pump, the phonons and the wavelength-shifted output beam relies on the strength of the third-order Raman or Brillouin nonlinearity of the material. These fundamental differences yield a source of laser power that has distinctive characteristics in the way the beams spatiotemporally develop as well as their spectral content. For example, stimulated scattering lasers are generally efficient generators of beams in their lowest-order spatial mode and therefore with very high beam quality. Meanwhile, recent research is also showing both Raman and Brillouin lasers are excellent at producing ultra-narrow linewidths. The lasers also have the major benefit of being capable of providing output wavelengths anywhere across the spectrum, aided by the fact the Stokes shift can be cascaded, but constrained by the wavelength of the pump source.
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Cheng, Jiafeng, Qianqian Wang, Zhiqiang Tao, Deyan Xie, and Quanxue Gao. "Multi-View Attribute Graph Convolution Networks for Clustering." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/411.
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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have made considerable achievements in processing graph-structured data. However, existing methods can not allocate learnable weights to different nodes in the neighborhood and lack of robustness on account of neglecting both node attributes and graph reconstruction. Moreover, most of multi-view GNNs mainly focus on the case of multiple graphs, while designing GNNs for solving graph-structured data of multi-view attributes is still under-explored. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-View Attribute Graph Convolution Networks (MAGCN) model for the clustering task. MAGCN is designed with two-pathway encoders that map graph embedding features and learn the view-consistency information. Specifically, the first pathway develops multi-view attribute graph attention networks to reduce the noise/redundancy and learn the graph embedding features for each multi-view graph data. The second pathway develops consistent embedding encoders to capture the geometric relationship and probability distribution consistency among different views, which adaptively finds a consistent clustering embedding space for multi-view attributes. Experiments on three benchmark graph datasets show the superiority of our method compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms.
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Mildren, R. P. "Stimulated Scattering Lasers: Pathways to Power and Coherence." In 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo-pr62338.2022.10432662.
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Gladwin, A. M., and J. Martin. "ARACHIDONIC ACID (AA) INDUCED AGGREGATION OF RAT PRO- MEGAKARYOBLASTS (RPM)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643542.
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Platelet aggregation can be induced in vitro by a variety of platelet agonists acting upon membrane receptors. Since platelets have only a limited ability to synthesise proteins, these receptors must be present in megakaryocytes. This was investigated using an eternal line line of RPMs. Cells were suspended in rat platelet free plasma (PFP) at a concentration of 105 cells ml-1 . 200μl aliquots of this were placed in a light aggregometer. For this suspension, and for an aliquot of PFP, light transmission was adjusted to zero and 100% respectively. Addition of ADP (plasma concentrations 1-100μM), thrombin (0.5-5 I.U. ml-1 ), and adrenaline (0.1-1 I.U. ml-1 ) to the suspension caused no change in transmission. However, addition of AA (1.5-6mM) increased light transmission, indicating RPM aggregation. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) on the resultant supernatant showed no thromboxane B2 was produced. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the aggregate to be composed of non-lysed cells. Aggregation of RPMs was not inhibited by preincubation with PGL (1500ng ml-1 ) indomethacin (100μg ml-1 ) or fenoprofen (1002μg ml-1 ). However, preincubation with aspirin (30μM) blocked aggregation.These results indicate that RPMs can aggregate in response to AA. Mechanism of this is unlike that observed for platelets, since PGI2, indomethacin and fenoprofen did not block aggregation. The response was only inhibited by aspirin. Indomethacin, fenoprofen and aspirin are all known inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase. In addition, aspirin also blocks 12-lipoxygenase. Therefore, this may suggest that the effect of AA on RPMs is mediated via 12-lipoxygenase pathway. Further investigations are in progress
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Cheng, Ya, Yang Liao, and Koji Sugioka. "Laser-induced damage in porous glass: a pathway to 3D fabrication of micro-/nanofluidics." In SPIE/SIOM Pacific Rim Laser Damage: Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers, edited by Jianda Shao, Takahisa Jitsuno, and Wolfgang Rudolph. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2020480.
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Lowe, Seamus, David Jack, and Ian Gravagne. "Experimental Method for Measuring Conductivity for Carbon Fiber Composites." In ASNT Research Symposium 2023. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2023.026.
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Carbon fiber composite materials feature anisotropic conductivity that arises from a combination of resistive and reactive conducting pathways. Conductivity measurements for carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are somewhat more challenging to obtain relative to metals, and vary widely depending on how the CFRP is constructed. This paper presents background research on CFRP conductivity, along with a novel experimental method for electrical measurement on CFRP that ensures uniform current density through the sample using thermal imaging techniques and maximizes electrical contact with the fiber itself. While not considered a traditional nondestructive technique, the method of this work directly supports ongoing research efforts in the NDE community around electromagnetic and eddy current testing of CFRP, along with evaluation of CFRP for, e.g., lightning strike or electromagnetic interference suppression; those techniques require baseline conductivity measurements to calibrate and interpret their results.
Reports on the topic "Rsm pathway"
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Symko-Davies, M., and P. Robinson. High Performance Photovoltaic Project: Identifying Critical Pathways, Phase 1 Review Meeting, 15-16 July 2002, Denver, Colorado (CD-ROM). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003045.
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Lempert, Robert J., Michelle Miro, and Diogo Prosdocimi. A DMDU Guidebook for Transportation Planning Under a Changing Climate. Edited by Benoit Lefevre and Ernesto Monter Flores. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003042.
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The effects of climate-related natural hazards pose a significant threat to sustainable development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and in particular its transportation sector. Risk Management provides an appropriate framework for assessing and mitigating the impacts of climate change and other climate-related natural hazards on transportation systems and choosing actions to enhance their resilience. However, analysts and policymakers involved in transportation planning, policy, and investment face significant challenges in managing the risks triggered by the effects of climate change. Climate change impacts the lifespan of roads, airports, and railroads as they have time horizons that surpass 40 years, thus making it harder (if not impossible) to forecast with confidence all relevant future events that will affect such infrastructure. In addition, the climate has already changed, so the return frequency of storms, for example, and other extreme events may now be different than suggested by the historical record in ways that are not always currently well understood. Implementing Risk Management under conditions of such uncertainty can prove difficult. Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) enables Risk Management under conditions of Deep Uncertainty, that is when risks cannot confidently be quantified. This guidebook is aligned with the Disaster and Climate Change Risk Assessment Methodology for IDB projects (IDB 2018) and introduces and provides guidance on applying methods for Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) to transportation planning. It presents the methodological steps that are necessary for the implementation of DMDU methodologies and reviews several such methods, including scenario planning, Adaptive Pathways, and robust decision making (RDM). This review is geared towards supporting the incorporation of DMDU methods into IDBs transportation sector funding and planning processes.