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1
Cheng, Bastian, Mathias Brinkmann, Nils D. Forkert, Andras Treszl, Martin Ebinger, Martin Köhrmann, Ona Wu, et al. "Quantitative Measurements of Relative Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Signal Intensities in Acute Stroke for the Prediction of Time from Symptom Onset." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, no. 1 (October 10, 2012): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.129.
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In acute stroke magnetic resonance imaging, a ‘mismatch’ between visibility of an ischemic lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and missing corresponding parenchymal hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) data sets was shown to identify patients with time from symptom onset ≤4.5 hours with high specificity. However, moderate sensitivity and suboptimal interpreter agreement are limitations of a visual rating of FLAIR lesion visibility. We tested refined image analysis methods in patients included in the previously published PREFLAIR study using refined visual analysis and quantitative measurements of relative FLAIR signal intensity (rSI) from a three-dimensional, segmented stroke lesion volume. A total of 399 patients were included. The rSI of FLAIR lesions showed a moderate correlation with time from symptom onset ( r = 0.382, P < 0.001). A FLAIR rSI threshold of <1.0721 predicted symptom onset ≤4.5 hours with slightly increased specificity (0.85 versus 0.78) but also slightly decreased sensitivity (0.47 versus 0.58) as compared with visual analysis. Refined visual analysis differentiating between ‘subtle’ and ‘obvious’ FLAIR hyperintensities and classification and regression tree algorithms combining information from visual and quantitative analysis also did not improve diagnostic accuracy. Our results raise doubts whether the prediction of stroke onset time by visual image judgment can be improved by quantitative rSI measurements.
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Graham, Norris A., and John R. Kershner. "Reading Styles in Children with Dyslexia: A Neuropsychological Evaluation of Modality Preference on the Reading Style Inventory." Learning Disability Quarterly 19, no. 4 (November 1996): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511209.
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This study assessed the neuropsychological validity of the modality preference measures from the Reading Style Inventory (RSI), an instrument that claims to measure left-hemisphere (analytic, sequential, auditory) and right-hemisphere (holistic, simultaneous, visual) reading styles. Older fluent readers (age-matched to the children with disabilities) rated their reading styles more strongly auditory and visual than nondisabled beginning readers (reading-level-matched to the children with disabilities) and children with dyslexia. Compared to both control groups, the dyslexia group was unique in failing to demonstrate a high incidence of children with strong preferences in either modality. RSI ratings were unrelated to dichotic listening and, by inference, not related to the relative activation of the cerebral hemispheres in linguistic processing. RSI performance was also unrelated to reading comprehension, word recognition, word attack, and verbal/performance IQ. The results do not support the underlying biological rationale of the RSI or its claims to accurately profile nondisabled novice readers and children with dyslexia in terms of their cerebral hemispheric preferences. However, the results do suggest the potential usefulness of the RSI in educational contexts.
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Madai, Vince Istvan, Carla N. Wood, Ivana Galinovic, Ulrike Grittner, Sophie K. Piper, Gajanan S. Revankar, Steve Z. Martin, et al. "Clinical-Radiological Parameters Improve the Prediction of the Thrombolysis Time Window by Both MRI Signal Intensities and DWI-FLAIR Mismatch." Cerebrovascular Diseases 42, no. 1-2 (2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444887.
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Background: With regard to acute stroke, patients with unknown time from stroke onset are not eligible for thrombolysis. Quantitative diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI relative signal intensity (rSI) biomarkers have been introduced to predict eligibility for thrombolysis, but have shown heterogeneous results in the past. In the present work, we investigated whether the inclusion of easily obtainable clinical-radiological parameters would improve the prediction of the thrombolysis time window by rSIs and compared their performance to the visual DWI-FLAIR mismatch. Methods: In a retrospective study, patients from 2 centers with proven stroke with onset <12 h were included. The DWI lesion was segmented and overlaid on ADC and FLAIR images. rSI mean and SD, were calculated as follows: (mean ROI value/mean value of the unaffected hemisphere). Additionally, the visual DWI-FLAIR mismatch was evaluated. Prediction of the thrombolysis time window was evaluated by the area-under-the-curve (AUC) derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Factors such as the association of age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, MRI field strength, lesion size, vessel occlusion and Wahlund-Score with rSI were investigated and the models were adjusted and stratified accordingly. Results: In 82 patients, the unadjusted rSI measures DWI-mean and -SD showed the highest AUCs (AUC 0.86-0.87). Adjustment for clinical-radiological covariates significantly improved the performance of FLAIR-mean (0.91) and DWI-SD (0.91). The best prediction results based on the AUC were found for the final stratified and adjusted models of DWI-SD (0.94) and FLAIR-mean (0.96) and a multivariable DWI-FLAIR model (0.95). The adjusted visual DWI-FLAIR mismatch did not perform in a significantly worse manner (0.89). ADC-rSIs showed fair performance in all models. Conclusions: Quantitative DWI and FLAIR MRI biomarkers as well as the visual DWI-FLAIR mismatch provide excellent prediction of eligibility for thrombolysis in acute stroke, when easily obtainable clinical-radiological parameters are included in the prediction models.
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Lu, W., C. Tao, Q. Ji, and H. Li. "SOCIAL INFORMATION FUSED URBAN FUNCTIONAL ZONES CLASSIFICATION NETWORK." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2020 (August 3, 2020): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2020-263-2020.
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Abstract. Fast-changing cities need efficient management. Accurate classification of urban functional zone (UFZ) can provide important reference for cities management. Remote sensing imagery (RSI) is large scale, high resolution and fast update, which can provide massive data for UFZ extraction. However, UFZ are more concerned with social attributes such as industrial production and commercial activities, while images can only provide visual features, which is not enough for an elaborate UFZ classification. To solve this problem, in this paper, we combine RSI and point of interest (POI) data together for UFZ classification, and propose a Social Information Fused Urban Functional Zones Classification Network (SIF-Net). For RSI, we simply use a Xception CNNs network extract the visual information. For POI data, we first build a coarse heatmap for each type of POI (e.g. retail, apartment…), and then combine them as a POI tensor. Afterward, we use a channel attention module (CAM) based CNN model to fuse heatmaps from each type of POI, and then build a fine distribution of UFZ as the social information. Finally, we fuse the visual information extracted from RSI and social information extracted from POI by concatenating them. By fusing this two complementary information, our method makes up for the shortcomings of extracting UFZ based on RSI and general CNNs only. Compared with current state-of-the-art methods, experiments show that the proposed SIF-Net can significantly improve the UFZ classification result.
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Amorim, Bárbara Juarez, Elba Cristina Sá de Camargo Etchebehere, Graciella Dalla Torre, Mariana da Cunha Lopes de Lima, Allan de Oliveira Santos, Celso Darío Ramos, Luiz Ricardo Gonzalez, José Inácio Oliveira, and Edwaldo Eduardo Camargo. "Low sensitivity of three-phase bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of repetitive strain injury." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 124, no. 3 (2006): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802006000300007.
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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of repetitive strain injury (RSI) is subjective and solely based on clinical signs and physical examination. The aim of this paper was to assess the usefulness of three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) in diagnosing RSI. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: Seventy-three patients (mean age 31.2 years; 47 males) with clinical suspicion of RSI in the upper limbs were studied. A total of 127 joints with suspicion of RSI were studied. The shoulders, elbows and wrists were analyzed semi-quantitatively, using the shafts of the humeri and ulnae as references. The results were compared with a control group of 40 normal individuals. The patients’ signs and symptoms were used as the "gold standard" for calculating the probabilities. RESULTS: From visual analysis, abnormalities were observed in the flow phase for four joints, in the blood pool phase for 11 joints and in the delayed images for 26 joints. Visual analysis of the joints of the control group did not show any abnormalities. Semi-quantitative analysis showed that most of the patients’ joint ratios were normal. The exceptions were the wrists of patients with left-sided RSI (p = 0.0216). However, the sensitivity (9%) and accuracy (41%) were very low. CONCLUSION: TPBS with semi-quantitative analysis has very low sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of RSI abnormalities in the upper limbs.
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Hartke, Vance, Amanda Gillespie, Libby J. Smith, and Ryan J. Soose. "Does CPAP Affect Patient-Reported Voice Outcomes?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 158, no. 4 (January 16, 2018): 685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599817752639.
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Upper aerodigestive tract symptoms are common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It remains unclear whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves or worsens these otolaryngology symptoms. As therapy-related side effects limit CPAP adherence, this study aimed to determine if CPAP negatively affects voice, sinonasal, and reflux symptoms of the upper airway. Case series with planned data collection was performed at an academic otolaryngology sleep center. Newly diagnosed patients with OSA were evaluated before and 6 months after initiating CPAP therapy. Data collected included CPAP data download, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI-10), Sino-Nasal Questionnaire (SNQ), and oral dryness visual analog scale (VAS). For the 11 CPAP-adherent participants, the RSI significantly improved with CPAP (mean RSI, 22.0-9.5; P = .002); however, the VAS, VHI-10, and SNQ did not change after 6 months of CPAP therapy. In a small sample size, patient-reported voice outcomes (VHI-10) and other upper aerodigestive tract symptoms did not worsen with CPAP; rather, CPAP therapy was associated with a reduction in reflux symptoms.
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Gubar, E. E., E. Yu Loginova, Yu L. Kоrsakova, T. V. Korotayeva, S. I. Glukhova, M. V. Sedunova, I. N. Pristavsky, I. N. Bondareva, I. F. Umnova, and E. L. Nasonov. "Specific features of axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis: data from real clinical practice." Rheumatology Science and Practice 58, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47360/1995-4484-2020-401-406.
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Objective. To compare clinical features in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with and without axial involvement. Subjects and methods. 385 PsA patients (172 males and 213 females) from National PsA Register were examined, their diagnosis verified according to CASPAR criteria. Patients’ median age was 45 [35; 54] years, median disease duration – 5,1 [0; 8] years. Pelvis X-ray and HLA-B27 levels in addition to physical examinations were obtained in all patients. Sacroiliitis (SI) was established based on radiographic findings (rSI) including bilateral changes corresponding to at least stage II, or unilateral – corresponding to at least stage III of Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading scale. Patients’ radiographs were evaluated by an independent radiologist. Disease activity was assessed using the DAS28 (Disease activity score 28), DAS (Disease activity in psoriatic arthritis) and BASDAI (Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index) scales. 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used for assessment of pain intensity (PI) and the Patient’s Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA). Patients were distributed into two groups: Group 1 included rSI(+) patients, Group 2 – patients without radiologically confirmed SI – rSI (-). Results. Group 1 included 214 (55,6%) patients with axial involvement, 106 males and 108 females, Group 2 rSI (-) – 171 (44,4%) patients, 66 males and 105 females Proportion of men was significantly higher in RSi(+) group – 49,5% vs 38,6% in rSi(-) group (Odds Ratio, OR – 1,56, 95% CI 1,6-2,4; р = 0,0324). Patient’s median age was 45 [35; 54] and 46 [34; 56] years, respectively (p=0,911). Higher rates of HLA-В27 positivity were found in group rSI(+) patients, than in rSI(-), respectively in 62 out of 126 and in 26 out of 78 patients (OR 1,9, 95% CI 1,1-3,5). Patients from RSI(+) group had more severe erosive peripheral arthritis. Median tender joint counts (TJC) were 9 [14; 18] and 6 [3; 12] (р=0,02), while radiographic feet bone erosions were found in 58 (27,1%) and 29 (17%) patients, respectively (OR 1,8, 95% CI 1,1-3,0). Disease activity was higher in rSI(+) group. Median DAS28 score was 4,3 [3,3; 5,6] and 4,05 [3,03; 4,88] (р=0,02), DAPSA – 28,40 [15,65; 43,65] and 20,0 [12,45; 30,0], (р < 0,01), BASDAI – 1,6 [0; 5,1] and 0 [0; 4,5] (р < 0,01), C-reactive protein (CRP) – 0,9 [0,4; 2,2] mg/dl and 0,8 [0,3; 1,3] mg/dl, respectively (р=0,029). PtGA VAS values were 56,5 [42,3; 70,0] mm and 50,0 [30,0; 60,0] mm (р < 0,01); physicians global assessment (PGA) – 54,0 [40,0; 69,5] mm and 40,0 [25,5; 50,0] mm (р < 0,01); PI VAS values were 50,0 [40,0; 70,0] mm and 50,0 [20,5; 58,8] mm, respectively (р < 0,01). Higher rates of entheses involvement based on the Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI) and dactylitis were documented in rSI(+) group. Median LEI score was 0 [0; 2] and 0 [0; 1] (p=0,02), while dactylitis was established in 71 (31,2%) and 32 (18,7%) patients, respectively (OR 2,2, 95% CI 1,3-3,5). More severe cutaneous involvement was also found in rSI(+) patients as compared to rSI (-). BSA (Body Surface Area) > 3% involvement was established in 94 (43,9%) and 57 (33,3%) patients, respectively (OR 1,7, 95% CI 1,03-2,4). Axial involvement was associated with more pronounced functional impairment. Median HAQ was 1,0 [0,6; 1,5] and 0 [0-2,2] (р=0,02). Conclusion. Axial involvement in PsA patients is associated with more severe articular damage, higher enthesitis and dactylitis rates, more severe psoriasis, which should be considered when planning treatment.
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Jiang, Yan, Guisheng Yin, Ye Yuan, and Qingan Da. "Project Gradient Descent Adversarial Attack against Multisource Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6663028.
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Deep learning technology (a deeper and optimized network structure) and remote sensing imaging (i.e., the more multisource and the more multicategory remote sensing data) have developed rapidly. Although the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved state-of-the-art performance on remote sensing image (RSI) scene classification, the existence of adversarial attacks poses a potential security threat to the RSI scene classification task based on CNN. The corresponding adversarial samples can be generated by adding a small perturbation to the original images. Feeding the CNN-based classifier with the adversarial samples leads to the classifier misclassify with high confidence. To achieve a higher attack success rate against scene classification based on CNN, we introduce the projected gradient descent method to generate adversarial remote sensing images. Then, we select several mainstream CNN-based classifiers as the attacked models to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The experimental results show that our proposed method can dramatically reduce the classification accuracy under untargeted and targeted attacks. Furthermore, we also evaluate the quality of the generated adversarial images by visual and quantitative comparisons. The results show that our method can generate the imperceptible adversarial samples and has a stronger attack ability for the RSI scene classification.
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Horníková, Henrieta, Michal Jeleň, and Erika Zemková. "Determinants of Reactive Agility in Tests with Different Demands on Sensory and Motor Components in Handball Players." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146531.
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This study investigates the relationship between reactive agility and reaction speed, sprint speed, and muscle strength and their contribution to Y-shaped agility test and reactive agility test (RAT) performance in handball players. Seven handball players performed a Y-shaped agility test and RAT, simple and choice-based reaction time test, reaction test to fast and slow generated visual stimuli, 5 m and 20 m sprint tests, a 505 Agility test, a squat jump, a countermovement jump, and a drop jump. The results reveal a significant relationship between the times for the Y-shaped agility test and the 20 m sprint (r = 0.777, p = 0.040, R = 0.604), as well as the time for the 505 Agility test (r = 0.770, p = 0.043, R2 = 0.593), and RSI (r = −0.755, p = 0.050, R2 = 0.570); however, no relationship was found with parameters pertaining to reaction speed. RAT performance did not significantly correlate with RSI, time in the 505 Agility test, squat jump height, time in the 20 m sprint, and reaction time to fast generated visual stimuli, although large effect sizes were found (r > 0.5). It seems that the contribution of sensory and motor components depends on the structure of the agility test. While the Y-shaped agility test is mainly determined by sprinting, the change of direction speed, and reactive strength, there is the tendency for the reactive agility test to be determined by strength, speed, and visual reaction time.
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Kumral, Tolgar Lütfi, Yasemin Gökden, Ziya Saltürk, Güler Berkiten, Güven Yıldırım, Enes Ataç, Belgin Tutar, and Yavuz Uyar. "The Effect of Gastric Helicobacter pylori Colonization on Nasal Functions." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 98, no. 6 (April 24, 2019): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561319840825.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gastric Helicobacter pylori colonization on nasal functions. The study enrolled patients (n = 100) who underwent endoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) were identified by Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Patients were divided into 2 groups: LPR (+) (n = 64) H pylori (+), RSI > 13, RFS > 7; LPR (−) (n = 36) H pylori (+), RSI < 13, RFS < 7. Visual analog scale (VAS), sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), peak nasal inspiratory flowmeter (PNIF), mucociliary clearance (MCC), and olfactory tests were used to evaluate the nasal functions. The average VAS for nasal obstruction, PNIF, and MCC did not differ significantly between the LPR (+) and LPR (−) groups ( P > .05). However, the average olfactory test scores were lower in the LPR (+) patients than the LPR (−) patients ( P < .05). Also, the SNOT-22 scores were significantly higher in LPR (+) patients than in LPR (−) ( P < .01). Nasal functions and symptom scores were also evaluated according to the H pylori grading. The PNIF, MCC, SNOT-22, and olfactory test results deteriorated as the gastric mucosal H pylori colonization increased ( P < .05). In conclusion, nasal functions differed between LPR disease and GERD only, while the density of H pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa had an effect on nasal function.
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Lee, Seun-Ah, Sang-Won Jo, Suk-Ki Chang, and Ki-Han Kwon. "Improvement of the Diagnostic Performance of Facial Neuritis Using Contrast-Enhanced 3D T1 Black-Blood Imaging: Comparison with Contrast-Enhanced 3D T1-Spoiled Gradient-Echo Imaging." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091850.
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This study aims to investigate the diagnostic ability of the contrast-enhanced 3D T1 black-blood fast spin-echo (T1 BB-FSE) sequence compared with the contrast-enhanced 3D T1-spoiled gradient-echo (CE-GRE) sequence in patients with facial neuritis. Forty-five patients with facial neuritis who underwent temporal bone MR imaging, including T1 BB-FSE and CE-GRE imaging, were examined. Two reviewers independently assessed the T1 BB-FSE and CE-GRE images in terms of diagnostic performance, and qualitative (diagnostic confidence and visual asymmetric enhancement) and quantitative analysis (contrast-enhancing lesion extent of the canalicular segment of the affected facial nerve (LEC) and the affected side-to-normal signal intensity ratio (rSI)). The AUCs of each reviewer, and the sensitivity and accuracy of T1 BB-FSE were significantly superior to those of CE-GRE (p < 0.05). Regarding diagnostic confidence and visual asymmetric enhancement, T1 BB-FSE tended to be rated greater than CE-GRE (p < 0.05). Additionally, in quantitative analysis, LEC and rSI of the canalicular segment on T1 BB-FSE were larger than those on CE-GRE (p < 0.05). The T1 BB-FSE sequence was significantly superior to the CE-GRE sequence, with more conspicuous lesion visualization in terms of both qualitative and quantitative aspects in patients with facial neuritis.
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Dylewski, Katie L., Amy N. Wright, Kenneth M. Tilt, and Charlene LeBleu. "Effect of Previous Flood Exposure on Flood Tolerance and Growth of Three Landscape Shrub Taxa Subjected to Repeated Short-term Flooding." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.30.2.58.
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Ilex glabra ‘Shamrock’ (‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly), Itea virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ (‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire), and Viburnum nudum ‘Winterthur’ (‘Winterthur’ possumhaw) were flooded for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 d, first in a greenhouse and then outdoors. Flooding treatments were in a factorial combination of greenhouse flooding treatment × outdoor flooding treatment. Following each flooding period, plants were allowed to drain for 6 d and received no irrigation. Plants in the 3 and 6 d flood treatments experienced a total of 7 and 5 flood cycles, respectively both in the greenhouse and outdoors. All taxa maintained 100% survival during greenhouse and outdoor flooding. Following greenhouse flooding, final size index (SI) of I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ and I. glabra ‘Shamrock’ decreased with increasing flood length; V. nudum ‘Winterthur’ had no differences in SI among treatments. Following outdoor flooding, there were no differences in flooding treatment for relative size index (RSI) of I. glabra ‘Shamrock’, no clear effect of flooding treatment on RSI for V. nudum ‘Winterthur’, and RSI of I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ was lowest in plants that were not flooded in the greenhouse. RDW and SDW of I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ and I. glabra ‘Shamrock’ tended to be lowest in plants that were initially flooded in the greenhouse for 6 d, while there was no clear effect of either greenhouse or outdoor flooding on RDW and SDW of V. nudum ‘Winterthur’. When exposed to flooding in the greenhouse I. virginica ‘Henry's Garnet’ seemed to better tolerate outdoor flooding, while the other two taxa did not appear to gain any benefit from previous flood exposure. All three taxa sustained growth throughout all phases of the experiment and maintained good visual quality indicating that all three would be tolerant of repeated, short-term flooding.
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Kizim, Yaroslav V. "Screening and diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer stage I-II (T1-2N0M0)." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, no. 3(3) 2020 (July 20, 2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2020-3-18.
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Topicality: The variety of manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in otolaryngological practice has made this problem relevant for the past decades. The development of LPR is associated with impaired function of the upper esophageal sphincter, which allows reflux to enter the larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity and middle ear cavity. In a number of studies, pathological reflux has been identified as one of the factors in the development of cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. Aim of the study: to improve methods fors creening and diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer stage I-II (T1-2N0M0). Materials and methods: The study group included 93 patients with stage I-II laryngeal cancer (T1-2N0M0). The control group was represented by 36 patients with reflux-associated benign neoplasms of the larynx. For preliminary diagnosis and objectification of complaints used the RSI test. To increase the accuracy of interpretation and objectification of laryngoscopic manifestations of LPR, the RFS scale was used. The daily pH-monitoring was carried out using an AG-1pH-M acidogastrograph with an electrode system. The severity of reflux was determined according to DeMeester criteria. According to the results of pH monitoring, clinical groups were formed. Results: When analyzing the results of the examination, the RSI index exceeded “9” in 41 (44.1%) patients. When tested on the RFS scale, the indicator “13 and higher” was recorded in 48 (51.6%) patients. All patients (41) with a positive RSI test received 24-hour pH monitoring. According to 24-hour pH-monitoring, the presence of LPR was verified in 33 (80.1%) patients with a positive RSI test. The study group consisted of 33 (80.1%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx T1-2N0M0. After 24-hour pH-monitoring, we obtained the data: mild LPR was observed in 6 (18.2%) patients, moderate severity of LPR in 18 (54.5%) and severe LPR in 9 (27.3%). In patients with laryngeal cancer T1-2N0M0, which is associated with LPR, the DeMeester criterion exceeded 14.72. Conclusions: Comparison of pH-monitoring data and visual-analogue scales reaches 80.1% of compliance in patients with laryngeal cancer T1-2N0M0, which is associated with LPR. According to 24-hour pH-monitoring, the presence of LPR was verified in 33 (35.5%) of the examined patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Using the modified The Reflux Symptom Index and The Reflux Finding Score scales is a highly reliable method for screening the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer.
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Han, J., S. L. Zhang, and Z. Ye. "COMBINED PATCH-WISE MINIMAL-MAXIMAL PIXELS REGULARIZATION FOR DEBLURRING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-1-2020 (August 3, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-1-2020-17-2020.
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Abstract. Deblurring is a vital image pre-processing procedure to improve the quality of images. It is a classical ill-posed problem. A new blind deblurring method based on image sparsity prior is proposed here. The proposed image sparsity prior combines patch-wise minimal and maximal pixels of latent image, and improves gradually the image sparsity during deblurring. An algorithm that is different with half quadratics splitting algorithm is applied under the maximum a posterior (MAP) framework. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can keep more subtle texture and sharpened edges, reduce the artefacts in visual, and the corresponding evaluated indexes perform favourably against it of the state-of-the-art methods on synthesized, natural and remote sensing images (RSI) quantitatively.
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Caruso, Damiano, Marta Zerunian, Domenico De Santis, Tommaso Biondi, Pasquale Paolantonio, Marco Rengo, Davide Bellini, et al. "Magnetic Resonance of Rectal Cancer Response to Therapy: An Image Quality Comparison between 3.0 and 1.5 Tesla." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9842732.
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Purpose. To evaluate signal intensity (SI) differences between 3.0 T and 1.5 T on T2-weighted (T2w), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in rectal cancer pre-, during, and postneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Materials and Methods. 22 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent T2w, DWI, and ADC pre-, during, and post-CRT on both 3.0 T MRI and 1.5 T MRI. A radiologist drew regions of interest (ROIs) of the tumor and obturator internus muscle on the selected slice to evaluate SI and relative SI (rSI). Additionally, a subanalysis evaluating the SI before and after-CRT (∆SI pre-post) in complete responder patients (CR) and nonresponder patients (NR) on T2w, DWI, and ADC was performed. Results. Significant differences were observed for T2w and DWI on 3.0 T MRI compared to 1.5 T MRI pre-, during, and post-CRT (all P < 0.001 ), whereas no significant differences were reported for ADC among all controls (all P > 0.05 ). rSI showed no significant differences in all the examinations for all sequences (all P > 0.05 ). ∆SI showed significant differences between 3.0 T and 1.5 T MRI for DWI-∆SI in CR and NR ( 188.39 ± 166.90 vs. 30.45 ± 21.73 and 169.70 ± 121.87 vs. 22.00 ± 31.29 , respectively, all P 0.02) and ADC-∆SI for CR ( − 0.58 ± 0.27 vs. − 0.21 ± 0.24 P value 0.02), while no significant differences were observed for ADC-∆SI in NR and both CR and NR for T2w-∆SI. Conclusion. T2w-SI and DWI-SI showed significant differences for 3.0 T compared to 1.5 T in all three controls, while ADCSI showed no significant differences in all three controls on both field strengths. rSI was comparable for 3.0 T and 1.5 T MRI in rectal cancer patients; therefore, rectal cancer patients can be assessed both at 3.0 T MRI and 1.5 T MRI. However, a significant DWI-∆SI and ADC-∆SI on 3.0 T in CR might be interpreted as a better visual assessment in discriminating response to therapy compared to 1.5 T. Further investigations should be performed to confirm future possible clinical application.
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Fintor, Edina, Denise N. Stephan, and Iring Koch. "The interplay of crossmodal attentional preparation and modality compatibility in cued task switching." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 4 (May 7, 2018): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818771836.
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Two experiments examined the influence of preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. The term modality compatibility refers to the similarity between the stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous research showed evidence for modality compatibility benefits in task switching when participants switched either between two modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or between two modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual and visual-vocal). In this study, we investigated the influence of active preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. To this end, in Experiment 1, we introduced unimodal modality cues, whereas in Experiment 2, bimodal abstract cues were used. In both experiments, the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) was manipulated while holding the response-stimulus interval (RSI) constant. In both experiments, we found not only decreased switch costs with long CSI but also the elimination of the residual switch costs. More importantly, this preparation effect did not modulate the modality compatibility effect in task switching. To account for this data pattern, we assume that cue-based preparation of switches by modality mappings was highly effective and produced no residual reaction time (RT) costs with long CSI.
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Watras, Anna, Barbara Jamróz, Tomasz Czernicki, Joanna Chmielewska, Magdalena Milewska, Magdalena Arcimowicz, and Kazimierz Niemczyk. "The role of speech therapy in the rehabilitation of people with chronic cough." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 7, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7496.
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Introduction. Cough is the most common symptom of respiratory diseases. It has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Aim. Examination and comparison of cough intensity, symptoms associated with cough, head and neck muscle’s tonus, breathing type and maximum phonation time in patients with chronic cough before and after speech therapy. Material and methods. The study comprised 10 patients, including 8 women and 2 men from 30 to 73 years of age. All participants completed The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI), Voice Tract Discomfort (VTD), Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Additionally, the breathing track, muscle tension within the head and neck, maximum time of phonation were evaluated. Results. The results Visual Analogue Scale, Voice Handicap Index and the maximum phonation time after speech therapy were statistically significant (p <0.05) lower compared to the pre-therapy results. Not all results of the Reflux Symptoms Index and Voice Tract Discomfort were consistent with the normal distribution (p> 0.05) Conclusions. Speech therapy therapy has a significant impact on the severity of chronic cough, symptoms associated with cough, the normalization of head muscle tension, improvement of the breathing track and the elongation of the maximum time of phonation. It is the future direction in the therapy of patients with chronic cough.
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Devi, Chintya, Reynaldy Bimatara, Ayu Fitri Lestari, and Jayanti Dian Eka Sari. "PENERAPAN PROMOSI KESEHATAN (PKRS) DI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM FATIMAH BANYUWANGI." IKESMA 14, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v14i2.8435.
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Health providers in Indonesia have an obligation to realize the improvement of health status through the national health system. The effort that must be done by the hospital in realizing these goal is the improvement of other services that is preventive and promotive. Therefore, Indonesia has implemented the health improvement by establishing a committee of Public Health Extension Workers which was changed in 2003 into Hospital Health Promotion. Health promotion is conducted in hospitals in order to develop the understanding of patients, families and visitors of the hospital with health problems and prevention efforts. Fatimah Islamic Hospital has implemented health promotion in hospitals in improving the quality of complete health services. This study aims to determine the implementation of health promotion that has been done by RSI Fatimah in Banyuwangi. The method used is interview and observation. Interviews were conducted to the PKRS team using an interview guide. While the observations made using instruments made based on references related theory of health promotion standards in hospitals. Based on the research results, health promotion conducted at RSI Fatimah as a whole has fulfilled the requirements of laws. Starting from the policy until the implementation is well arranged and directed. The division of PKRS officers consists of various fields that facilitate dissemination of health promotion information. In almost every service there is visual information such as leaflets, posters and information boards. Fatimah hospital is also active in providing counseling to patients, patient families and other health workers in an effort to increase knowledge on certain health problems, as well as spiritual guidance to inpatients. The fulfillment of health promotion needs in general has been well implemented, but at the point of providing information to the surrounding community isn’t intense and hasn’t formed a specific health group for community empowerment.
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Bonelli, Diego. "Sulle Tracce di Fellini (On Fellini’s Footsteps), Gérald Morin (dir.) (2013), France and Switzerland: ARTE, Artemis Films Productions, RSI Radiotelevisione Svizzera and SRG-SSR." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00089_7.
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Vercruyssen, Max, Barbara L. Carlton, and Virginia Diggles-Buckles. "Aging, Reaction Time, and Stages of Information Processing." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 3 (October 1989): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300305.
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Using Sternberg's (1969) Additive Factors Method (AFM), previous investigations in search of the locus of age-related slowing in reactive capacity have found conflicting results possibly due to inconsistencies in research methodologies. This experiment was conducted to examine age differences in the performance of AFM intratask manipulations of a reaction time task using both fixed and variable foreperiod conditions with subject testing at both naive and practiced skill levels. Twenty male subjects, ten young and ten old, performed a visual four-choice RT task with intratask manipulations of stimulus-degradation, stimulus-response compatibility, and response-stimulus intervals (RSIs were fixed at 0, 2, and 5 sec and variable with random presentations at 0, 2, and 5 sec), once when subjects were naive and again when practiced. The results varied by level of practice and RSI, but clearly the older subjects had difficulty with the intratask manipulations. The older subjects took twice as long, on the average, to respond. Interactions of age by compatibility suggest that, according to the AFM, with age comes inordinately long delays in the response selection stage of information processing. Conclusions are made with caution since this research points to limitations and methodological confounds which serve to explain many of the equivocal findings in previous studies.
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Courtot, Louis, Fabrice Ferre, Nicolas Reina, Vincent Marot, Philippe Chiron, Emilie Berard, and Etienne Cavaignac. "Patient Participation During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Improves Comprehension, Satisfaction, and Functional Outcomes: A Simple Way to Improve Our Practices." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 232596711984108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119841089.
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Background: It is estimated that 28% of patients are dissatisfied after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, in part because they do not understand the procedure well enough. Purpose: To assess the postoperative comprehension, satisfaction, and functional outcomes of 2 patient groups: 1 undergoing a standard surgical procedure (standard group) and 1 involved in their surgery (participation group). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Over a 4-month period, 62 patients were included: 31 in the standard group and 31 in the participation group. The preoperative information, surgical technique, anesthesia, and postoperative course were identical in both groups. Patients in the participation group were allowed to watch the arthroscopic portion of their surgery live on a video screen, and standardized information was given to these patients during the arthroscopic phase. Self-administered questionnaires were given to assess comprehension (Matava score), satisfaction (visual analog scale [VAS] for satisfaction, Net Promoter Score [NPS], and Evaluation du Vécu de l’Anesthésie LocoRégionale [EVAN-LR]), and outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] form and Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport after Injury [ACL-RSI] scale) between groups. Results: Postoperative comprehension was significantly improved in the participation group, as the Matava score increased by a mean of 7.1 ± 5.3 points versus 2.7 ± 5.6 points in the standard group ( P = .0024). The mean VAS satisfaction score immediately after surgery was 9.8 ± 0.6 in the participation group versus 8.9 ± 1.9 in the standard group ( P = .0033); this difference was still present at 1 year postoperatively (9.8 ± 0.6 vs 9.1 ± 1.7, respectively; P = .0145). The NPS was 96.8% in the participation group versus 64.5% in the standard group ( P = .0057) in the immediate postoperative period and 100.0% in the participation group versus 71.0% in the standard group at 1 year postoperatively ( P = .0046). The mean total EVAN-LR score was 89.1 ± 6.5 in the participation group and 84.6 ± 9.9 in the standard group ( P = .0416). At 1 year postoperatively, the mean IKDC score was 86.0 ± 7.5 in the participation group versus 80.0 ± 7.4 in the standard group ( P = .0023). The mean ACL-RSI score was 80.9 ± 7.7 in the participation group versus 74.3 ± 8.4 in the standard group ( P = .0019). Conclusion: Involving patients in their ACL reconstruction surgery improves their understanding of the procedure and their satisfaction with their care, which results in better outcomes at 1 year postoperatively.
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Mustofa, Ibnu Habib, Metti Verawati, and Rika Maya Sari. "STUDI KOMPARATIF SKALA NYERI SAAT PEMASANGAN INFUS PADA ANAK YANG DIBERIKAN TEKNIK DISTRAKSI AUDIO VISUAL MENONTON ANIMASI KARTUN DAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI TARIK NAFAS DALAM DI RSI SITI AISYAH KOTA MADIUN." Health Sciences Journal 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/hsj.v5i1.664.
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Nyeri pada anak saat melakukan prosedur invasif yang tidak diatasi dengan baik dapat membuat anak tidak kooperatif sehingga dapat menghambat proses pengobatan. Peran bagi perawat untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri pada anak yaitu dengan memberikan teknik pengurangan nyeri dengan secara farmakologi dan non-farmakologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi komparatif untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel dengan pendekatan pre test one group desain untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien anak rawat inap di UGD RSI Siti Aisyah Kota Madiun sejumlah 670 pasien pada tahun 2019. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian pasien anak rawat inap sejumlah 30 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi nyeri pada kelompok intervensi dengan mengukur skala nyeri Wong Backer. Intervensi dilakukan dengan cara memberikan terapi distraksi menonton animasi kartun dan teknik relaksasi tarik napas dalam selama pemasangan infus. Hasil penelitian studi komparasi skala nyeri saat pemasangan infus pada anak yang diberikan teknik distraksi audio visual menonton animasi kartun dengan kategori ekspresi wajah sedikit nyeri dengan prosentase 67% sedangkan 47% anak masuk ke kategori wajah ekspresi sangat nyeri saat diberikan teknik relaksasi tarik napas dalam. Hasil uji statistik independet t-test diperoleh p value 0,000 dengan menggunakan taraf signifikasi α = 0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan antara teknik distraksi dan teknik relaksasi saat pemasangan infus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian teknik distraksi menonton animasi kartun dapat menurunkan nyeri saat pemasangan infus pada anak. Diharapkan perawat dapat memberikan intervensi ini saat melakukan tindakan pemasangan infus.
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Chen, Zailiang, Huajie Huang, Hailan Shen, Beiji Zou, and Jiang Wang. "ROI extraction based on visual salience and visual evaluation." International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 9, no. 1/2 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2016.075392.
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ZHANG, JING, LI ZHUO, and YINGDI ZHAO. "REGION OF INTEREST DETECTION BASED ON VISUAL PERCEPTION MODEL." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 02 (March 2012): 1255005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001412550051.
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According to human vision theory, the image is conveyed from human visual system to brain when people have a look at. Different from previous work, the study reported in this paper attempts to simulate a more real and complex method for region of interest (ROI) detection and quantitatively analyze the correlation between users' visual perception and ROI. In this paper, a visual perception model-based ROI detection is proposed, which can be realized with an ordinary web camera. Visual perception model employs a combination of visual attention model and gaze tracking data to objectively detect ROIs. The work includes pre-ROI estimation using visual attention model, gaze data collection and ROI detection. Pre-ROIs are segmented by the visual attention model. Since eye feature extraction is critical to the accuracy and performance of gaze tracking, adaptive eye template and neural network are employed to predict gaze points. By computing the density of the gaze points, ROIs are ranked. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our ROI detection method can be raised as high as 97% and it is also demonstrated that our model can efficiently adapt to users' interests and match the objective ROI.
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Favorskaya, M. N., and E. I. Savchina. "DIGITAL WATERMARKING OF 3D MEDICAL VISUAL OBJECTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W12 (May 9, 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w12-61-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> At present, medical equipment provides often 3D models of scanning organs instead of ordinary 2D images. This concept is supported by Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine (DICOM) standard available for telemedicine. This means that the confidential information under transmission ought to be protected by special techniques, particularly digital watermarking scheme instead of textual informative files represented, for example, on CD disks. We propose a multilevel protection, for which a fragile watermark is the first level of protection. The Region Of Interest (ROI) watermark and textual watermarks with information about patient and study (the last ones can be combines as a single textual watermark) form the second level of protection. Encryption of the ROI and textual watermarks using Arnold’s transform is the third level of protection. In the case of 3D models, we find the ROI in each of 2D sliced images, apply the digital wavelet transform or digital shearlet transform (depending on the volume of watermarks) for the ROI and textual watermarks embedding, and embed a fragile watermark using digital Hadamard transform. The main task is to find the relevant regions for embedding. To this and, we develop the original algorithm for selecting relevant regions. The obtained results confirm the robustness of our approach for rotation, scaling, translation, and JPEG attacks.</p>
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Yamaguchi, Felipe, Jaclyn Caccese, Fernando Santos, and John Jeka. "Repetitive head impact exposure and sensory reweighting for upright stance." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S6.2—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000580884.79220.33.
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ObjectiveTo compare sensory reweighting between soccer players who report higher exposure to soccer heading and those who report lower exposure to soccer heading.BackgroundExposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as through routine soccer heading, may have potentially detrimental effects.Design/MethodsThirty participants completed a self-reported questionnaire to estimate the number of RHI sustained weekly, and were divided into low-, medium-, and high-RHI groups based on their responses. Sensory reweighting was compared between low-RHI (N = 10, 4 males, 22.9 ± 3.0 years, 170.5 ± 7.7 cm, 70.0 ± 12.14 kg, 2 ± 2 RHI) and high-RHI groups (N = 10, 5 males, 20.0 ± 1.1 years, 170.4 ± 7.4 cm, 69.6 ± 13.4 kg, 60 ± 37 RHI). Participants experienced a visual stimulus at 0.2 Hz, a ±1 mA binaural monopolar galvanic vestibular stimulus (GVS) at 0.36 Hz, and a vibratory stimulus to their bilateral Achilles tendons at 0.28 Hz during standing. The visual stimulus was presented at different amplitudes (0.2, 0.8 m translation in the anterior-posterior direction) to measure the change in leg gain to vision, gain to vibration, and gain to GVS. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare sensory reweighting between groups.ResultsThere were group differences in sensory reweighting for leg gain to GVS (i.e. condition X group effect; F3,54 = 5.068, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.220), whereby the high-RHI group did not reweight gain to GVS across conditions, and gain to vision (F3,54 = 3.397, p = 0.024, η2 = 0.159), whereby the high-RHI group had higher gains than the low-RHI group in the 0.2 m visual stimulus condition. There were no group differences in sensory reweighting for gain to vibration (F1,18 = 0.045, p = 0.834, η2 = 0.003).ConclusionsRoutine soccer heading is associated with relatively high head accelerations. These results suggest that exposure to frequent RHI may induce adaptation that diminishes reliance on vestibular function. Consequently, visual feedback is upweighted to maintain balance during upright stance.
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Tanaka, Midori, Matteo Paolo Lanaro, Takahiko Horiuchi, and Alessandro Rizzi. "Random Spray Retinex Extensions Considering Region of Interest and EyeMovements." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 15 (January 26, 2020): 60403–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.15.color-349.
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The Random spray Retinex (RSR) algorithm was developed by taking into consideration the mathematical description of Milano-Retinex. The RSR substituted random paths with random sprays. Mimicking some characteristics of the human visual system (HVS), this article proposes two variants of RSR adding a mechanism of region of interest (ROI). In the first proposed model, a cone distribution based on anatomical data is considered as ROI. In the second model, the visual resolution depending on the visual field based on the knowledge of visual information processing is considered as ROI. We have measured actual eye movements using an eye-tracking system. By using the eye-tracking data, we have simulated the HVS using test images. Results show an interesting qualitative computation of the appearance of the processed area around real gaze points.
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Tanaka, Midori, Matteo Paolo Lanaro, Takahiko Horiuchi, and Alessandro Rizzi. "Random Spray Retinex Extensions Considering Region of Interest and Eye Movements." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 63, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 60403–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2019.63.6.060403.
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Abstract The Random spray Retinex (RSR) algorithm was developed by taking into consideration the mathematical description of Milano-Retinex. The RSR substituted random paths with random sprays. Mimicking some characteristics of the human visual system (HVS), this article proposes two variants of RSR adding a mechanism of region of interest (ROI). In the first proposed model, a cone distribution based on anatomical data is considered as ROI. In the second model, the visual resolution depending on the visual field based on the knowledge of visual information processing is considered as ROI. We have measured actual eye movements using an eye-tracking system. By using the eye-tracking data, we have simulated the HVS using test images. Results show an interesting qualitative computation of the appearance of the processed area around real gaze points.
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Sneller, Clay, Mary Guttieri, Pierce Paul, José Costa, and Ryan Jackwood. "Variation for Resistance to Kernel Infection and Toxin Accumulation in Winter Wheat Infected with Fusarium graminearum." Phytopathology® 102, no. 3 (March 2012): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-11-0143.
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Host resistance is the main way to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. Despite improved levels of resistance to infection and spread in vegetative tissue, the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can still accumulate to unacceptable concentration levels. In this study, our objectives were to assess the genetic variation for resistance to kernel infection (RKI) and resistance to toxin accumulation (RTA) and their role in controlling DON. We collected spikes with different levels of visual symptoms from each of 32 wheat genotypes and at four environments and determined DON and fungal biomass (FB) from each sample. We assessed RKI by regressing FB on the level of visual symptoms and RTA by regressing DON on FB for each genotype. Significant genetic effects were found for RKI and RTA. Some genotypes consistently had low FB in their grain despite increasing visual symptoms suggesting RKI. Additionally, some genotypes consistently had low DON in their grain despite increasing FB levels suggesting a higher RTA in these genotypes. The variation for RKI and RTA explained a significant fraction of the variation for DON among genotypes with moderate visual symptoms using independent grain samples. Although RKI and RTA were significantly correlated (r = 0.58, P = 0.05), RTA was more predictive of DON accumulation because it modeled 32 to 44% of the genotype sum of squares for DON, while only 9 to 10% were predicted using RKI. Thus, variation for RTA was important in explaining variation for DON among genotypes with acceptable levels of resistance to fungal infection and spread. This work indicates that there is a need to develop a better understanding of RTA and rapid screening methods for this trait.
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Chang, Dong-Seon, Yun-Ji Kim, Soon-Ho Lee, Hyejung Lee, In-Seon Lee, Hi-Joon Park, Christian Wallraven, and Younbyoung Chae. "Modifying Bodily Self-Awareness during Acupuncture Needle Stimulation Using the Rubber Hand Illusion." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/849602.
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Background. The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is an experimental paradigm that manipulates important aspects of body self-awareness.Objectives. We were interested in whether modifying bodily self-awareness by manipulation of body ownership and visual expectations using the RHI would change the subjective perception of pain as well as the autonomic response to acupuncture needle stimulation.Methods. Acupuncture needle stimulation was applied to the real hand during the RHI with (experiment 1) or without (experiment 2) visual expectation while measuring concurrent autonomic changes such as the skin conductance response (SCR). Subjective responses such as perception of the RHI and perceived pain were measured by questionnaires.Results. In experiment 1, the amplitude of the increase in SCR was visibly higher during the synchronous session compared with that of the asynchronous session. In experiment 2, the amplitude of the increase of SCR was lower for the synchronous session compared with that for the asynchronous session. Comparing these two experiments, the visual expectation of needle stimulation produced a greater autonomic response to acupuncture stimulation.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the sympathetic response to acupuncture needle stimulation is primarily influenced by visual expectation rather than by modifications of body ownership.
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Ueng, Shyh-Kuang, and Hsin-Cheng Huang. "Volume Data Segmentation Using Visual Selection." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 331–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.1.vda-331.
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Segmentation is usually performed in the spatial domain and is likely hindered by similar intensity, intensity inhomogeneity, and partial volume effect. In this article, a visual-selection method is proposed to carry out segmentation in the intensity space such that the aforementioned difficulties are alleviated and better results can be produced. The proposed procedure utilizes volume rendering to explore the input data and builds a transfer function, encoding the intensity distribution of the target. Then, by using this transfer function and image processing techniques, a region of interest (ROI) is constructed in the intensity field. At the following stage, a texture-based region growing computation is conducted to extract the target from the ROI. Experiments show that the proposed method produces high quality results for a phantom which is composed of plates with similar intensities and textures. It also out-performs a traditional segmentation system in separating organs and tissues from a torso CT-scan data set.
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Wardiana, Dian Wardiana, Ute Lies Siti Khadijah, and Evi Nursanti Rukmana. "Dokumentasi budaya ngaruat lembur di Radio RASI FM." Jurnal Kajian Informasi dan Perpustakaan 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkip.v6i1.15325.
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Radio RASI FM is a community radio that organizes and broadcasts the tradition of ‘ngaruat lembur’, the tradition of expressing gratitude to God, and to ward off disasters as well. This radio performs documentation starting from data searching to creating a form of cultural documentation. The study purpose was to see the documentation process of the traditional culture of ‘ngaruat lembu’ at RASI FM radio. The research used the case study method through qualitative method approach to the owner, broadcaster of radio and community of Cisewu Village. The study results indicated that RASI FM radio documented the ‘ngaruat lembur’ tradition through the recording and management process. Recording activities started from the collection of information and records in the form of pouring data. Management activities consisted of the distribution of duties as an on-air announcer, off-air broadcaster, and audio-visual documentation. Then, the storage of written broadcast results on radio and data into audio-visual media was performed and preservation of documents through the separation and maintenance of audio-visual media. Based on that, we constructed a model of the cultural documentation process of ‘ngaruat lembur’ on RASI FM radio. The radio serves as a preserver of rural community traditions through the ‘ngaruat lembur’ program, which is followed by all circles of society. However, the radio team did not yet have a digital-based form of audio-visual documentation maintenance. Nevertheless, RASI FM radio has become a forum for transferring traditional information of Cisewu Village community.
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M, Lakshminarayana, and Mrinal Sarvagya. "MICCS: A Novel Framework for Medical Image Compression Using Compressive Sensing." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2818-2828.
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The vision of some particular applications such as robot-guided remote surgery where the image of a patient body will need to be captured by the smart visual sensor and to be sent on a real-time basis through a network of high bandwidth but yet limited. The particular problem considered for the study is to develop a mechanism of a hybrid approach of compression where the Region-of-Interest (ROI) should be compressed with lossless compression techniques and Non-ROI should be compressed with Compressive Sensing (CS) techniques. So the challenge is gaining equal image quality for both ROI and Non-ROI while overcoming optimized dimension reduction by sparsity into Non-ROI. It is essential to retain acceptable visual quality to Non-ROI compressed region to obtain a better reconstructed image. This step could bridge the trade-off between image quality and traffic load. The study outcomes were compared with traditional hybrid compression methods to find that proposed method achieves better compression performance as compared to conventional hybrid compression techniques on the performances parameters e.g. PSNR, MSE, and Compression Ratio.
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Deepa, K., and K. Priyanka. "Image salvage based on visual courtesy model using ROI." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.26 (May 7, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.26.12536.
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The process of demonstrating, organizing and evaluating the pictures regarding the information despite of evaluating pictures is the field of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Here we work on the salvage of images based not on keywords or explanations but on features haul out directly from the image data. The well-organized algorithms of salvage algorithms are already proposed. Content Based Image Retrieval has replaced Text Based Image Retrieval. CBIR is processed by more methods and research scientists are working to improve the accuracy of the technique. The project presents that the ROI from an image is retrieved and it retains the image based on Teacher Learning Based Optimization genetic algorithm. The retrieval of the image improves the efficiency based on two metrics such as precision and recall which is the main advantage of the project. The issue of Content Based Image Retrieval systems to provide the semantic gap and to determine the variation between the structure of visual objects and definition of semantics. From the human visual system the visual courtesy is more projected for the purpose of Content Based Image Retrieval. The new similarity based matching method is described based on the saliency map which retains the courtesy values and the regions of interest are hauled out.
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Barreiro-Megino, F., J. M. Martinez, and V. Valdes. "Visual Tools for ROI Montage in an Image2Video Application." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 19, no. 12 (December 2009): 1927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2009.2031394.
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Lacy, T. C., K. M. Aquino, P. A. Robinson, and M. M. Schira. "Shock-like haemodynamic responses induced in the primary visual cortex by moving visual stimuli." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 125 (December 2016): 20160576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0576.
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It is shown that recently discovered haemodynamic waves can form shock-like fronts when driven by stimuli that excite the cortex in a patch that moves faster than the haemodynamic wave velocity. If stimuli are chosen in order to induce shock-like behaviour, the resulting blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response is enhanced, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio of measurements made with functional magnetic resonance imaging. A spatio-temporal haemodynamic model is extended to calculate the BOLD response and determine the main properties of waves induced by moving stimuli. From this, the optimal conditions for stimulating shock-like responses are determined, and ways of inducing these responses in experiments are demonstrated in a pilot study.
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Liu, Jun Qing, Lei Ma, Yan Xiang, San Li Yi, Hong Lei Chen, Qian Zhang, and Jian Feng He. "Image Evaluation Based on Region of Interest." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.253.
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Image quality assessment has broad applications in many fields, how to assess the quality of the image is an attractive research topic. In this paper, a ROIMDE method is proposed based on region of interest (ROI) and dual-scale edge structure similarity (SSIM), the quality assessment of the image is a weighted combination of ROI and non-ROI, the dual-scale edge structure similarity is used in ROI, and the classical structure similarity is applied in non-ROI. Experimental results show that, considering the influence of ROI, our model is more consistent with human subjective visual evaluation.
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Aizenstein, Howard J., Kristi A. Clark, Meryl A. Butters, Jennifer Cochran, V. Andrew Stenger, Carolyn C. Meltzer, Charles F. Reynolds, and Cameron S. Carter. "The BOLD Hemodynamic Response in Healthy Aging." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 5 (June 2004): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904970681.
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Several previous studies have compared the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) hemodynamic response (HDR) in healthy elderly subjects to the HDR in young subjects. Some studies have found a relative decreased amplitude in the elderly in the visual cortex, whereas other studies have found the elderly HDR amplitude in the visual cortex to be nearly identical to that in young subjects. A possible explanation for the different findings is that the peak voxel HDR is similar between the groups, but that the HDR in the group-averaged region-of-interest (ROI) is “washed out” by the inclusion of less significant voxels (due to a smaller extent of activation in the elderly) or by the inclusion of negative-peaking voxels. We tested this hypothesis using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While undergoing fMRI, subjects performed a simple visual and motor task, pressing with their index fingers in response to visual presentation of the word tap. Data from 18 subjects, 8 young and 10 elderly, were analyzed. For each subject, a visual and a motor ROI was selected by choosing the most significant positive voxels within the anatomically defined ROI. This individual subject approach excluded both low-significance and negative-peaking voxels. Similar peaks were found for the elderly and the young subjects in both motor and visual regions and a more sustained BOLD response was found for the elderly in both regions. Additionally, as predicted, a greater percentage of voxels with a negative HDR was found for the elderly in the visual region; this finding was also replicated in our reanalysis of an independent fMRI and aging study from the fMRI Data Center. Functional neuroimaging observations of negative HDRs in visual areas have been interpreted as the effect of unconstrained processing during rest. Our results suggest that the elderly may have more unconstrained visual processing during the rest condition in the scanner. The observation that the group differences in the BOLD response are sensitive to voxel selection (e.g., inclusion of low-significance and/or negative voxels) underscores the importance of ROI selection criteria in the interpretation of fMRI studies using elderly populations.
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Leão, Daniela Maggioni Pereira, Douglas de Araújo Vilhena, Priscila Cardoso Ottoni, Mariana Raposo Batista, João Paulo Pereira Leão, Márcia Reis Guimarães, and Silvia Graciela Ruginsk. "Estresse visual associado à dificuldade de leitura: prevalência e intervenção em alunos do ensino fundamental." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 5, 2021): e430101119914. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19914.
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O estresse visual é definido como uma disfunção do processamento visual, de base neuronal, com um déficit do sistema magnocelular e no córtex visual primário. Ele é caracterizado por distorções visuoperceptuais e desconforto visual progressivo na leitura. O presente estudo verificou a prevalência do estresse visual entre escolares do 3º e 4º ano do ensino fundamental (7 a 10 anos) com dificuldade de leitura, assim como investigou o efeito do uso de lâminas espectrais na habilidade de leitura. Todos os participantes elegíveis (n = 58) apresentavam dificuldade de leitura e adequada acuidade visual binocular. As lâminas espectrais foram selecionadas e distribuídas aos alunos para uso por três meses. A Escala de Percepção Visual de Leitura, o Teste de Taxa de Leitura e o Teste de Leitura - Compreensão e Sentença caracterizaram as condições pré e pós-intervenção. Os resultados indicaram prevalência de 12% de estresse visual (sintomas severos). Após a intervenção, foi verificado que o uso das lâminas espectrais promoveu incremento da compreensão de sentenças e da taxa de leitura. Assim, conclui-se que o estresse visual é uma disfunção muito prevalente entre crianças com dificuldade de leitura e que as lâminas espectrais são um método eficaz de intervenção para reduzir o estresse visual na leitura.
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Camus, Renaud. "Roman Roi / Roman Roi." Yale French Studies, no. 75 (1988): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2929385.
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Lahaussois, Aimeé. "Ideophones in Khaling Rai." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.17005.lah.
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Abstract In Khaling Rai, a number of lexemes have been found which can be considered ideophones, according to Dingemanse’s (2012: 654) definition of the latter as “marked words depictive of sensory imagery.” This article will describe the different types of ideophones found in Khaling. These ideophones not only manifest a range of different morphological patterns, they cover the entire spectrum of sensory modalities found in Dingemanse’s implicational hierarchy (2012: 663), namely sound, movement, visual patterns, other sensory perceptions (such as texture and taste) and cognitive states. The more than 400 ideophones collected to date in Khaling present a sound symbolic landscape which appears to be considerably richer than that found in other Kiranti languages with which the author is familiar.
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Ratunanda, Sinta Sari, Billy Talakua, Teti Madiadipoera, Thaufiq Boesoirie, Ratna Anggraeni, and Rovina Ruslami. "Refluks Helicobacter pylori di mukosa hidung penderita rinosinusitis kronik disertai refluks laringofaring." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 48, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v48i2.272.
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Latar belakang: Rinosinusitis kronik masih menjadi problema di seluruh dunia. Faktor yang berasosiasi dengan Rinosinusitis Kronik (RSK) diduga multifaktorial, salah satunya adalah refluks laringofaring (RLF). Isi refluks cairan lambung antara lain adalah bakteri Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) yang dengan patomekanisme refluks, diduga dapat mencapai mukosa laringofaring bahkan sampai mukosa sinonasal, dan menyebabkan RSK. Tujuan: Mendeteksi H. pylori di mukosa hidung akibat refluks pada penderita RSK disertai RLF. Bila terdeteksi H. pylori, tata laksana harus lebih komprehensif, sehingga diharapkan RSK menjadi terkontrol. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya H. pylori di mukosa sinonasal penderita RSK dengan RLF. Deteksi H. pylori menggunakan teknik quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) dari bahan penyikatan mukosa hidung. Hasil: Didapatkan 86 orang penderita RSK disertai RLF, terdiri dari 30 (35%) pasien laki-laki dan 56 (65,0%) pasien wanita, dengan rerata usia 43,25±6,30 tahun. Keluhan RSK terbanyak adalah hidung tersumbat dengan skor VAS > 7 sebesar 76,8%. Skor nasoendoskopi RSK terbesar pada skor 2 untuk edema mukosa sebesar 65,3% dan skor 2 untuk sekret hidung sebesar 58,2%. Rata-rata skor gejala refluks (SGR) adalah 26,43±4,03 dan rata-rata total skor temuan refluks (STR) adalah 11,28±1,21. Hasil pemeriksaan deteksi H. pylori dengan qRT-PCR, 100% tidak menemukan H. pylori dari penyikatan mukosa hidung. Kesimpulan: Refluks berupa H. pylori tidak ditemukan pada mukosa hidung penderita RSK disertai RLF. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan dengan menggunakan gabungan beberapa metode pemeriksaan bersamaan untuk deteksi H. pylori akibat refluks di mukosa sinonasal penderita RSK disertai RLF. Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is presently still a worldwide problem. Assosiating factors to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are multifactorial, one of them is laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The gastric juice contains Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which by pathologic reflux could reach laryngopharyngeal and sinonasal area causing CRS. Purpose: To detect H. pylori in nasal mucosa caused by reflux, which suspected of causing CRS with LPR disease. Should H. pylori be found in nasal mucosa, the management of the disease must be comprehensive to enable controlling CRS. Methods: A descriptive study to detect H. pylori in nasal mucosa CRS with LPR patients, using Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) through nasal brushing. Results: Eighty-six CRS with LPR patients as study objects consisted of 30 (35%) male, and 56 (65%) female, the age mean was 43.25±6.3 years old. Visual Analoque Scale (VAS) score for nasal obstruction more than 7 was the highest complaint (76.8%). Nasal endoscopic score of mucosal edema (65.3%) and nasal discharge (58,2%) had score 2. The average total score reflux symptom index (RSI) was 26.43±4.03 and the total score reflux finding score (RFS) was 11.28±1.21. H. pylori detection found negative 100% in CRS with LPR specimens. Conclusion: This study did not find reflux containing H. pylori in nasal mucosa of CRS with LPR patients. Suggesting further study using simultaneously several methods to detect H. pylori in nasal mucosa CRS with LPR patients.
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Felner, Mira, and Sophocles. "Oedipe Roi." Theatre Journal 38, no. 1 (March 1986): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3207826.
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Guo, Xiaoying, Liang Li, Akira Asano, and Chie Muraki Asano. "Influences of Global and Local Features on Eye-Movement Patterns in Visual-Similarity Perception of Synthesized Texture Images." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165552.
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Global and local features are essential for visual-similarity texture perception. Therefore, understanding how people allocate their visual attention when viewing textures with global or local similarity is important. In this work, we investigate the influences of global and local features of a texture on eye-movement patterns and analyze the relationship between eye-movement patterns and visual-similarity selection. First, we synthesized textures by separately controlling global and local textural features through the primitive, grain, and point configuration (PGPC) texture model, a mathematical morphology-based texture model. Second, we conducted an experiment to acquire eye-movement data where participants identified the texture that was highly similar to the standard texture. Experiment data were obtained through an eye-tracker from 60 participants. The collected eye-tracking data were analyzed in terms of three metrics, including total fixation duration in each region of interest (ROI), fixation-point variance in each ROI, and fixation-transfer counts between different ROIs. Analysis results indicated the following. (1) The global and local features of a texture influenced eye-movement patterns. In particular, the texture image that was globally similar to the standard texture contained dispersed fixation points. By contrast, the texture image that was locally similar to the standard texture contained concentrated fixation points. The domination of global and local features influenced the viewers’ similarity choice. (2) The final visual-similarity selection was related to the fixation-transfer count between different ROIs, but not to the fixation time in each ROI. This research also extends the applicability of the mathematical morphology-based texture model to human visual perception.
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Raikes, A. C., N. S. Dailey, J. R. Vanuk, A. Alkozei, M. A. Grandner, and W. D. Killgore. "1160 Improved Daytime Sleepiness Following Daily Morning Blue Light Therapy Is Associated With Altered Resting-state Network Connectivity." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1154.
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Abstract Introduction Light exposure, particularly blue wavelength light, has consistent positive effects on daytime sleepiness following mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs). While self-perceived improvements in daytime sleepiness are well-documented, the neurobiological underpinnings are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to localize changes in functional connectivity after daily morning blue light therapy (BLT) and to associate these changes with improvements in post-mTBI daytime sleepiness. Methods 29 individuals with a history of mTBI were randomized to receive either BLT (n=13) or placebo amber light (ALT; n=16). All participants self-reported daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); lower is better) and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at pre- and post-treatment. Whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was estimated as the correlations between 400 cortical regions of interest (ROIs) assigned to 7 resting-state networks. A two-sample T-test for post-treatment ROI-to-ROI FC identified target connections (FDR corrected p<0.01). Post-treatment ESS scores and FC for these connections were correlated for treatment-related brain-behavior associations (uncorrected p<0.05). Results Lower FC after BLT in 4 ROI-to-ROI connections linking the default mode and visual networks was associated with lower ESS scores. Higher FC after BLT in 9 ROI-to-ROI connections linking attention, cognitive control, and visual networks was also associated with lower ESS scores. Conclusion BLT resulted in decreased self-reported daytime sleepiness, which was associated with decoupling of the default mode and visual networks as well as increased connectivity between and within attention and cognitive control networks, suggesting potentially improved attention to relevant stimuli and cognitive processes and less internal mentation. These associations may contribute to improved alertness, attention, and cognitive performance following a mTBI. Further work is needed to identify the optimal timing and dosage of BLT to maximize these outcomes. Support This study was funded by an award to Dr. Killgore from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC; award number: W81XWH-14-1-0571).
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Kugler, Hillel, Antti Larjo, and David Harel. "Biocharts: a visual formalism for complex biological systems." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 48 (December 18, 2009): 1015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0457.
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We address one of the central issues in devising languages, methods and tools for the modelling and analysis of complex biological systems, that of linking high-level (e.g. intercellular) information with lower-level (e.g. intracellular) information. Adequate ways of dealing with this issue are crucial for understanding biological networks and pathways, which typically contain huge amounts of data that continue to grow as our knowledge and understanding of a system increases. Trying to comprehend such data using the standard methods currently in use is often virtually impossible. We propose a two-tier compound visual language, which we call Biocharts , that is geared towards building fully executable models of biological systems. One of the main goals of our approach is to enable biologists to actively participate in the computational modelling effort, in a natural way. The high-level part of our language is a version of statecharts, which have been shown to be extremely successful in software and systems engineering. The statecharts can be combined with any appropriately well-defined language (preferably a diagrammatic one) for specifying the low-level dynamics of the pathways and networks. We illustrate the language and our general modelling approach using the well-studied process of bacterial chemotaxis.
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Lv, Pan Pan, Gang Zhao, Wei Wei, and Xiao Chun Liu. "An Effective Method of Image Quality Protection Based on ROI Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1975.
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Direct compression of original map can’t meet users' request on image quality. In order to harmonize image quality and bandwidth of wireless transmission, a protect scheme of UEP (Unequal Error Protection) with JEPG 2000 coder and Channel coding based on RCPC (Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional) was proposed to improve ROI-based image quality. Firstly, ROI (region-of-interest) was extracted from Saliency Map based on visual attention model. Secondly, ROI and BG (background region) in image which transmitted in wireless channel respectively, were protected by different encoding bit rates and RCPC Code rates. Finally, the PSNR of image was calculated after transmitting in wireless channel using computer simulations. Experimental results show that ROI-based images with high-level protection get a higher quality than image without ROI while not increasing bandwidth.
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Taylor, Gavin J., Stephen A. Hall, Johan A. Gren, and Emily Baird. "Exploring the visual world of fossilized and modern fungus gnat eyes (Diptera: Keroplatidae) with X-ray microtomography." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 163 (February 2020): 20190750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0750.
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Animal eyes typically possess specialized regions for guiding different behavioural tasks within their specific visual habitat. These specializations, and evolutionary changes to them, can be crucial for understanding an animal's ecology. Here, we explore how the visual systems of some of the smallest flying insects, fungus gnats, have adapted to different types of forest habitat over time (approx. 30 Myr to today). Unravelling how behavioural, environmental and phylogenetic factors influence the evolution of visual specializations is difficult, however, because standard quantitative techniques often require fresh tissue and/or provide data in eye-centric coordinates that prevent reliable comparisons between species with different eye morphologies. Here, we quantify the visual world of three gnats from different time periods and habitats using X-ray microtomography to create high-resolution three-dimensional models of the compound eyes of specimens in different preservation states—fossilized in amber, dried or stored in ethanol. We present a method for analysing the geometric details of individual corneal facets and for estimating and comparing the sensitivity, spatial resolution and field of view of species across geographical space and evolutionary time. Our results indicate that, despite their miniature size, fungus gnats do have variations in visual properties across their eyes. We also find some indication that these visual specializations vary across species and may represent adaptations to their different forest habitats. Overall, the findings demonstrate how such investigations can be used to study the evolution of visual specializations—and sensory ecology in general—across a range of insect taxa from different geographical locations and across time.
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Sun, Wenyun, Haitao Zhao, and Zhong Jin. "A visual attention based ROI detection method for facial expression recognition." Neurocomputing 296 (June 2018): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2018.03.034.
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Leuzzi, Laura. "Interventions, productions and collaborations: The relationship between RAI and visual artists." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms.3.1-2.155_1.
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