Dissertations / Theses: 'RSCM'

1

Radell, Ingrid Myhr. "Distributional justice in Swedish-global value chain partnerships for sustainable textile production : A case study on economic distribution within the Sweden Textile Water Initiative." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297665.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the textile industry’s polluting impact on aquatic environments the Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI) was established. This Sida funded collaboration between SIWI (Stockholm International Water Institute), Swedish fashion brands and their suppliers received international recognition for their success in achieving tangible environmental results after implementing sustainability measures at the suppliers. However, the financing from Sida was only for a limited period of time and the projects lost momentum when the money ran out. Moreover, claims have been made that monetary savings which suppliers made from more efficient resource use has been subject to profit theft from the brands by reducing their order prices. Furthermore, the brands genuine desire to achieve sustainability in the supply chain is questioned by modest supplier nominations. Previous research shows problems in value chain management and how both intentional and unintentional actions affect power dynamics and other factors in the value chain. This research contributes to the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature by including a Swedish partnership perspective. In addition, new research is continuously needed in sustainability and textile value chains as conditions in the industry change rapidly (such as increased environmental awareness, and not least the covid-19 pandemic). The purpose of this thesis is to answer the research question; "Is there a pattern of economic benefits for sustainability efforts in the textile supply chain being unfairly distributed between stakeholders in international partnerships?" This is achieved by conducting a case study of the Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI), including a supplier survey, semi-structured interviews with brands and supplier representatives, as well as a literature study. The results showed that no coherent definition of "fair" had been established within a STWI context, and although suppliers were the only ones to receive direct financial profits, brands still indicated that this was not necessarily unfair. Furthermore, it was discovered that order quantities had decreased, but that motivations for decrease could be due to a number of reasons; restructuring in business model, changed consumer behavior/demand, and order placement with other suppliers. Regarding the order price, the majority of suppliers considered that these had decreased, while brands unanimously claimed they had increased. Contradictions in the respondents' answers does not necessarily render their experiences untrue, as they rarely have direct financial transactions due to the structure of the value chain. Another result showed that the brands modest number of nominated suppliers was largely due to hesitation from suppliers to join the partnership, as well as brands focusing on strategic placement, and being more oriented towards where the projects will have the largest impact. Finally, the results led to a number of suggestions on how improved partnerships can be achieved. The plethora of factors that affect the complex structure of the industry also leaves many opportunities to explore cause-effect relationships. Further research needs include mapping market-, upstream- and downstream- pressure on suppliers, definitions of justice and risk responsibility, driving forces leading to relocation of production countries and comparisons of environmental legislation related to textile production.
Till följd av den förorenande miljöpåverkan som textilproduktion har på vattendrag bildades partnerskapet Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI). Detta Sida-finansierade samarbete mellan SIWI (Stockholm International Water Institute), svenska modeföretag och deras leverantö rer erhöll internationellt erkännande för sin framgång med att nå konkreta miljöresultat efter implementering av hållbarhetsåtgärder hos leverantörerna. Finansieringen från Sida pågick dock endast under en begränsad tidsperiod och projekten förlorade momentum när pengarna tog slut. Dessutom har påståenden gjorts om att de monetära besparingar som leverantörer gjort genom effektivare resursanvändning har hamnat hos modeföretagen genom sänkta orderpriser. Vidare ifrågasätts modeföretagen genuina vilja att uppnå hållbarhet i leverantörskedjan av sparsamma leverantörsnomineringar till partnerskapet, då det indikerar vilja att vara delaktiga, utan transparens kring den egna värdekedjan. Tidigare forskning visar på problematik i värdekedjeledning samt hur både avsiktliga och oavsiktliga handlingar påverkar maktdynamik och andra faktorer i värdekedjan. Detta arbete avser att bidra till den större SSCM-litteraturen med ett partneskapsperspektiv mellan aktörerna i värdekejdan istället för topstyrt från varumärken. Dessutom behövs kontinuerligt ny intersektionell forskning inom textil värdekedjor eftersom förhållandena i branschen ändras snabbt (såsom ökad miljömedvetenhet och inte minst covid-19-pandemin). Syftet med detta examensarbete är att besvara forskningsfrågan; “Finns det ett mönster av att ekonomiska vinster från hållbarhets-insatser i textil värdekedjan fördelas på ett orättvist sätt mellan intressenter i internationella partnerskap?”. Detta görs genom att utföra en fallstudie av Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI), inkluderande enkät till leverantörer, semi-strukturerade intervjuer med mode- företag och leverantörs representanter samt en litteraturstudie. Resultaten påvisade att det saknades en gemensamt definierad tolkning av “orättvist” inom STWI och trots att leverantörer var de enda som erhöll direkt ekonomisk vinst indikerade ändå modeföretag att detta inte nödvändigtvis var orättvist. Vidare upptäcktes att orderkvantiteter hade minskat men att detta kunde bero på ett antal anledningar; omstrukturering i affärsmodell, förändrat konsumentbeteende/efterfrågan och orderplacering hos andra leverantörer, medan genomförande av STWI inte ansågs vara en betydande anledning. Gällande orderpris så ansåg majoriteten av leverantörer att dessa hade sjunkit medan modeföretag enhälligt hävdade att de hade ökat. Att det finns motsättningar i svaren betyder inte nödvändigtvis att deras erfarenheter är osanna, eftersom dessa aktörer sällan har direkta ekonomiska transaktioner till följd av värdekedjans struktur. Ett annat resultat visade att modeföretags låga antal nominerade leverantörer till stor del berodde på tveksamhet från leverantörer att medverka i partnerskapet samt att fokusering på leverantörer där åtgärder skulle ge störst nytta. Slutligen ledde resultaten till ett antal förslag på hur förbättrade partnerskap kan uppnås. Överflödet av faktorer som påverkar den komplexa strukturen i textilindustrin lämnar många möjligheter att utforska orsakssamband. Ytterligare forskningsbehov inkluderar kartläggning av marknad-, uppströms- och nedströms tryck på leverantörer, definitioner av rättvisa och riskansvar, drivkrafter som leder till omlokalisering av produktionsländer och jämförelser av miljölagstiftning relaterad till textilproduktion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Poitrenaud, Thomas. "Le gisement périgranitique à tungstène et or de Salau (Pyrénées, France), histoire polyphasée d’un système minéralisé tardi-varisque." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2002/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La chaine varisque ouest-européenne est une vaste province métallogénique qui abrite une large diversité de minéralisations. Une grande partie d’entre elles ont fait l'objet d'exploitations historiques, à l'instar de Salau(Pyrénées Centrales), le plus important gisement de tungstène français. Les résultats de terrain combinés aux études minéralogiques et géochimiques convergent pour montrer qu'il existe deux types de minéralisations superposées : (1) un skarn à silicates calciques, rare scheelite fine et sulfures disséminés ; (2) une brèche filonienne à sulfures massifs (pyrrhotite et chalcopyrite dominante), or et abondante scheelite grossière qui a constitué l’essentiel du minerai exploité. Cette brèche se localise dans des zones de cisaillement ductile-fragile(faille Véronique) recoupant la granodiorite. Les datations U/Pb sur zircon, apatite et scheelite situent le skarn contemporain de l'intrusion de la Fourque à 295±2 Ma alors que la brèche à sulfures massifs se forme environ6 Ma après, à 289±2 Ma. Ces minéralisations, issues de deux intrusions successives (granodiorite puis leucogranite), s’inscrivent dans l'évolution d'un modèle Intrusion Related Deposit. La mise en place de labrèche à forte teneur en or-scheelite est initiée par la focalisation progressive de la déformation régionale dans la Zone axiale des Pyrénées au sein de failles E-W dextres inverses. L'origine de l'or à l'échelle des Pyrénées pourrait s'expliquer en partie par une large répartition de ces minéralisations à forte teneur. La carte de paléotempératures RSCM a permis de localiser d’autres intrusions non affleurantes en étendant le district minéralisé sur plus de 7 km jusqu’à l’indice à W-Au d’Aurenère en Espagne
The Western European variscan belt is a vast metallogenic district which hosts a wide diversity of mineralizations. A large part of them have been historically exploited, such as Salau (Central Pyrenees), the most important French tungsten deposit. The field results combined with the mineralogical and geochemical studies converge to show that it exists two superimposed ore types: (1) a calcic silicates skarn with rare fine grainedscheelite and disseminated sulphides; (2) a mineralized breccia with massive sulphides (pyrrhotiteand chalcopyrite dominant), gold and abundant coarse-grained scheelite which have constituted the main part of the exploited ore. This breccia is localized in ductile-fragile shear-zones (Veronique fault) which crosscut the granodiorite. U/Pb datings on zircon, apatite and scheelite place the skarn, contemporaneous of the LaFourque intrusion at 295±2 Ma while the massive sulphides breccia was formed ca. 6 Ma later at 289±2 Ma.These mineralizations, from two successive intrusions (granodiorite then leucogranite), belong to the evolution of an Intrusion Related Deposit model. The emplacement of the high grade gold and scheelite breccia was initiated by the progressive focalization of the regional deformation in the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees within EWdextral-reverse faults. The source of gold at the Pyrenees scale could be explained in part by this type of high-grade mineralizations. The RSCM paleo-temperature map has made possible to locate other undercover intrusions, extending the mineralized district over more than 7 km until the W-Au Aurenere occurrence in Spain

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Brunsmann, Quentin. "L’arc des Alpes occidentales : cinématique et mécanismes de formation au jour de nouvelles données structurales et paléomagnétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS299.

Full text

Abstract:

La formation des arcs orogéniques résulte de plusieurs processus tectoniques ayant agi sur la configuration pré-orogénique, pré-collisionnelle ou sur la tectonique collisionelle. La formation de l’arc des Alpes occidentales est attribuée à l’indentation collisionnelle de la marge Européenne et du prisme orogénique par l’indenteur Adriatique. Cependant la direction d’indentation, sa composante rotationnelle et les mécanismes d’accommodation ne font pas consensus et de nombreux modèles cinématiques proposent des explications incompatibles entre elles, afin d’expliquer la géométrie arquée de la chaîne. L’évaluation des différents modèles de formation de l’arc des Alpes occidentales met en avant la probabilité de l’existence d’un proto-arc hérité de la phase de subduction et amplifié par l’indentation Adriatique, essentiellement vers le NW. Ces deux phases permettent d’expliquer la formation de l’arc à l’exception de sa terminaison méridionale E-W. En effet l’orientation des structures de l’arc de Castellane semble héritée des structures pyrénéo-provençales, antérieures à la collision Alpine et réactivées par une convergence N-S post-Tortonien (~12 Ma), sans lien direct avec la collision Alpine. Concernant la direction WNW-ESE des Alpes Ligures, elle semble être influencée par la rotation antihoraire de 50° des Apennins, liée au rollback du slab Adriatique, contemporain de l’ouverture du bassin Liguro-Provençal (23-15 Ma). Une compilation exhaustive des données de paléomagnétisme dans les Alpes a été construite et complétée par 11 sites de nouvelles données. L’étude des rotations d’axe vertical de ces données a permis de réfuter l’existence d’une rotation significative de la plaque Adriatique durant la collision Alpine. Les tests oroclinaux, réalisés à plusieurs échelles, mettent en évidence que l’arc des Alpes occidentales se développe sous l’effet de l’indentation vers le NW à partir d’un prisme orogénique déjà faiblement arqué avant la collision. La marge Européenne ne semble pas subir de rotation, impliquant une propagation d’un arc hérité de la marge passive Mésozoique. La géométrie actuelle de l’arc serait principalement contrôlée par la structure pré-collisionnelle de la marge Européenne que le prisme orogénique adopte sous l’effet de l’indentation Adriatique vers le NW. Sa terminaison méridionale aurait une histoire géodynamique différente. Elle serait le résultat de l’héritage pyrénéo-provençal avec réactivation Miocène dans la Zone Externe, et d’une rotation antihoraire de la Zone Interne, en lien avec l’orogénèse Apennine. L’indentation Adriatique, parfois interprétée comme principalement vers l’ouest, serait accommodée au Sud de l’arc par un décrochement senestre d’environs 50km selon la littérature. Cette interprétation est testée par une étude structurale de terrain, associée à une analyse géostatistique des trajectoires en carte des plans de schistosité et de stratigraphie. Les résultats semblent confirmer l’existence de décrochements senestres associés à une tectonique transpressive syn-collisionnelle. Cependant l’importance de ces décrochements paraît marginale en comparaison des 50 km de déplacement supposé. Cette analyse structurale a par ailleurs mis en évidence une déformation polyphasée dans le Dauphinois, associée à une mylonitisation localisée et caractérisée par un étirement N120°. L’évaluation des températures maximales par la méthode RSCM indique des Tmax supérieures à 350°C à la bordure Nord de l’Argentera, atteignant localement 400°C correspondant à un métamorphisme régional plus important que celui généralement attribué à ce secteur des Alpes. Ce métamorphisme est principalement associé à l’enfouissement tectonique par le passage des nappes internes sur le Dauphinois au début de la collision. Dans la région du massif de l’Argentera, les Tmax dans le Dauphinois correspondent à une profondeur d’enfouissement de 11 km au niveau du Front Pennique diminuant jusqu’à 4 km à l’aplomb de l’arc de Castellane
The formation of orogenic arcs results from several tectonic processes that may have affected the pre-orogenic, pre-collisional tectonic setting, or the collisional tectonic. The formation of the Western Alpine arc is classically attributed to collisional indentation of the European margin and the orogenic prism by the Adriatic indenter. However, the direction of indentation, its rotational component, or the accommodation mechanisms of this indentation are not agreed upon and the numerous kinematic models of the arcuate geometry of the chain are not compatible with one another. The evaluation of the different models of the formation of the Western Alpine arc allows to put forward the probability of the existence of a proto-arc inherited from the subduction phase, and amplified by the Adriatic indentation towards the NW. These two processes explain the formation of the Western Alpine arc, except for its E-W southern termination. Indeed, the orientation of the Castellane Arc seems to be mainly inherited from the Pyrenean-Provençal structures, preceding Alpine collision, and reactivated by post-Tortonian (~12 Ma) N-S convergence, not directly related to Alpine collision. Concerning the WNW-ESE direction of the southern termination of the arc, which forms the Ligurian Alps, it seems to have rotated counterclockwise by 50° with the northern Apennines, linked to the rollback of the Adriatic slab, contemporary with the opening of the Liguro-Provençal basin (23-15 Ma). A compilation of paleomagnetic data in the Alps was constructed and completed with 11 new data sites. The study of vertical-axis rotations, estimated by paleomagnetic analysis refutes the existence of significant rotation of the Adriatic plate during Alpine collision. Oroclinal tests, carried out at several scales, show that the Western Alpine arc develops under the effect of indentation towards the NW from an orogenic prism that is already weakly arcuate before the onset of collision. Furthermore, the European continental margin does not seem to undergo significant rotation, implying propagation of an arc that is mainly inherited from the Mesozoic passive margin. The present geometry of the Western Alpine arc would be mainly controlled by the pre-collisional structure of the European margin that the orogenic prism adopts under the effect of NW Adriatic indentation. Its southern termination would have a different geodynamic history. It would be the result of Pyrenean-Provençal inheritance, reactivated during the Miocene in the External Zone, and of an anti-clockwise rotation of the Internal Zone, linked to the Apennine orogeny. Adriatic indentation, sometimes assumed to follow a westward trajectory, would be accommodated to the south of the arc by a sinistral shear zone of about 50km according to literature. This interpretation is tested by a structural field study, associated with a geostatistical analysis of map trajectories of the schistosity and stratigraphy planes. The results confirm the existence of sinistral shear zones associated with syn-collisional transpressive tectonics. However, these faults seem to represent minor structures with respect to the accommodation of 50 km of displacement. This structural analysis has also highlighted polyphase deformation in the Dauphinois, associated with localised mylonitisation is characterised by a N120° stretching. The assessment of the maximum temperatures by the RSCM method indicates temperatures above 350°C at the northern edge of the Argentera, reaching locally 400°C, corresponding to a regional metamorphism that is more important than the one attributed to this sector of the Alps. This metamorphism is mainly associated with tectonic burial due to thrusting of the internal nappes on the Dauphinois at the beginning of collision. In the Argentera Massif region, the Tmax in the Dauphinois correspond to a burial depth of 11.3 ± 1 km at the level of the Pennine Front, decreasing to 4 km below the Castellane arc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Harrison, Simon Andrew. "Characterisation of the mechanisms of magnetisation change in permanent magnet materials through the interpretation of hysteresis measurements." University of Western Australia. School of Physics, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0048.

Full text

Abstract:

The mechanisms by which magnetisation changes occur in magnetic materials may be investigated by a variety of hysteresis measurements. During this study both alternating and rotational hysteresis measurements were used to characterise the mechanisms of magnetisation change in a number of permanent magnet materials. Studies of the time dependence of magnetisation, remanent magnetisations and the dependence of the reversible magnetisation on the irreversible magnetisation were undertaken. These studies revealed that in sintered rare-earth iron magnets the magnetisation change is predominately controlled by domain nucleation, with a lesser contribution from domain wall pinning within the boundary regions of the grains. Similar mechanisms control the magnetisation change in the larger grains of melt-quenched rare-earth iron magnets. In the single domain grains of the melt-quenched materials incoherent rotation mechanisms control the changes of magnetisation. Magnetisation change in MnAlC and sintered AlNiCo was found to be controlled by domain wall pinning within the interior of the grains of the materials. Two devices were constructed for the measurement of rotational hysteresis. The first measures the angular acceleration of a sample set spinning in a magnetic field, from which the rotational hysteresis loss may be determined. The second employs rotating search coils to make direct measurements of the component of magnetisation that contributes to rotational hysteresis loss during the rotation of a sample in a field. Both devices were found to produce data consistent with that in the literature and to be useful for the characterisation of rotational hysteresis in permanent magnet materials. A simple model was used to examine the dependence of rotational hysteresis loss on various material parameters. It was found that the value of the rotational hysteresis integral is dependent on interactions and to a lesser extent distributions in anisotropy. This is contrary to assumptions commonly made in the literature but consistent with published experimental data, which has been reinterpreted. Measurements of rotational hysteresis losses in the materials studied were found to be effected by geometric demagnetisation effects. A method by which such data may be corrected for these effects is proposed. Following correction and consideration of the interactions within the materials, the rotational hysteresis data was found to be consistent with the characterisations performed in linearly alternating fields.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Delchini, Sylvain. "Etude tectono-thermique d'un segment orogénique varisque à histoire géologique complexe : analyse structurale, géochronologique et thermique du massif des Jebilet, de l'extension à la compression." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2003/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse présente la reconstruction de l’histoire tectono-thermique du massif varisque des Jebilet (Maroc) à fort potentiel minier, depuis son évolution pré-orogénique au Dévonien supérieur-Carbonifère inférieur jusqu’à sa structuration pendant l’orogénèse varisque-alléghanienne au Carbonifère supérieur-Permien inférieur. Pour répondre à cette problématique, ce travail s’organise autour de deux approches : (1) l’une métrologique appliquée à la géothermométrie Raman sur la matière carbonée (RSCM) et (2) l’autre intégrant une étude structurale, géochronologique et une analyse de la thermicité.L’approche métrologique a permis de valider l’applicabilité du géothermomètre RSCM (1) dans un contexte de métamorphisme polyphasé, (2) pour des roches carbonatées et des skarns des Jebilet et (3) de proposer un nouveau paramètre Raman RSA permettant de mieux préciser les températures supérieures à 500°C et d’étendre l’applicabilité de la méthode jusqu’à des températures maximales qui atteignent les 700°C.A partir de l’approche intégrée, trois épisodes tectono-thermiques ont été mis en évidence. Le premier épisode D₀ correspond à une tectonique extensive permettant l’ouverture du bassin des Jebilet au Dévonien supérieur-Carbonifère inférieur. Cette tectonique extensive est accompagnée par une anomalie thermique supérieure à 500°C déduites des mesures de géothermométrie RSCM (TRSCM) et par une importante activité magmatique bimodale et granodioritique datée dans ce travail entre 358 ± 7 et 336 ± 4 Ma. Au Carbonifère supérieur débute la phase compressive structurant le massif des Jebilet avec la mise en place de nappes superficielles au Namuro-Westphalien (D₁), suivie par la phase varisque majeure (D₂). L’analyse structurale a permis de montrer une évolution progressive du régime de déformation de D2 depuis une compression coaxiale à une transpression dextre compatible avec un raccourcissement horizontal WNW-ESE à NW-SE. D₂₁ est associée à deux événements thermiques, le premier syn-tectonique de moyenne température (300°
This thesis presents the reconstruction of the tectono-thermal history of the Paleozoic Jebilet massif (Morocco), from its pre-orogenic evolution at the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous to its structuration during the variscan-alleghanian orogeny at the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian. To address this issue, this work is organized around two approaches: (1) one metrological applied to the Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Matterial (RSCM) and (2) the other integrating a structural and geochronological study and a thermicity analysis.The metrological approach allowed to validate the applicability of the RSCM geothermometer (1) in a context of polyphase metamorphism, (2) for carbonate rocks and skarns of Jebilet and (3) to propose a new parameter Raman RSA allowing to better specify temperatures above 500°C and extend the applicability of the method to maximum temperatures of up to 700°C.From the integrated approach, three tectono-thermal episodes were highlighted. The first episode D₀, corresponds to an extensive tectonic allowing the opening of the Jebilet basin at the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous. This opening is accompanied by a HT thermal anomaly as shown by the important bimodal and granodioritic magmatic activity dated between 358 ± 7 Ma and 336 ± 4 Ma and the TRSCM higher than 500°C recorded by the rocks. During Upper Carboniferous, the compressive phase structuring the Jebilet massif begins with the emplacement of superficial nappes (D₁), followed by the variscan major phase (D2). Structural analysis showed a gradual evolution of D₂ deformation regime from coaxial compression to dextral transpression consistent with WNW-ESE to NW-SE horizontal shortening. D₂ is associated with two thermal events, the first is syn-tectonic with TRSCM between 300 and 400°C, and the second is syn- to post-tectonic with TRSCM between 600 and 660°C.This tectono-thermal context would be the expression of geodynamic processes involving from the Upper Devonian a delamination of the Rheic lithosphere by "slab break-off" or "slab roll-back" which would induce (1) the rise of hot asthenospheric current, and (2) the clockwise rotation of Gondwana and its gradual amalgamation with Laurussia structuring the variscan-alleghanian belt during the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Bessière, Eloïse. "Évolution géodynamique des zones internes des cordillères bétiques (Andalousie, Espagne) : Apports d'une étude pluridisciplinaire du complexe Alpujárride." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3095.

Full text

Abstract:

Les cordillères Bético-Rifaines sont situées en Méditerranée occidentale, où elles forment un arc étroit. Comparée à d’autres segments orogéniques, leur évolution géodynamique reste extrêmement discutée en raison d’une histoire tectono-métamorphique polyphasée depuis le rifting Mésozoïque, jusqu’à l’histoire alpine incluant subduction,collision et effondrement tardi-orogénique. Cette thèse s’est focalisée sur deux problématiques restant activement débattues et qui concernent le complexe Alpujárride, appartenant aux Zones Internes (ZI) des Cordillères Bétiques.Deux zones d’étude ont été ciblées, avec (i) les massifs péridotitiques affleurant à l’ouest et dont les modalités de mise en place restent énigmatiques et (ii) les unités tectoniques affleurant à l’est et dans lesquelles les paragenèses de haute pression-basse température (HP/BT) en lien avec l’épisode de subduction alpine, sont les mieux préservées mais dont les contraintes temporelles sont largement incertaines.Ce travail de recherche s’est attaché à utiliser une approche multi-échelles, depuis celle de l’affleurement jusqu’à celle de la région, et pluridisciplinaire, avec un travail de cartographie détaillée, des observations structurales et pétrographiques, de la thermométrie Raman et des datations 40Ar/39Ar. Nos résultats mettent en évidence(i) l’exhumation du massif péridotitique de Ronda dans un contexte d’hyper-amincissement de la croûte continentale résultant d’un épisode de rifting et (ii) la fin de l’épisode métamorphique de HP/BT vers 38 Ma avec l’initiation du retrait du panneau plongeant et l’ouverture d’un bassin d’arrière-arc, associée à un métamorphisme de haute température-basse pression (HT/BP). C’est dans ce contexte extensif que le complexe Alpujárride s’exhume après une phase majeure d’amincissement crustal. Cet épisode de métamorphisme de HT/BP prend fin avec la mise en place des ZI des Cordillères Bético-Rifaines sur les marges Ibérie et Afrique, vers 20 Ma
The Betic-Rif Cordillera, located in the western Mediterranean region, forms a narrow, arcuate orogenic belt. By comparison with other orogenic belts in the Mediterranean realm, its geodynamic evolution is higly controversial because of a long and complex tectono-metamorphic history, including the Mesozoic rifting and the Alpineorogenesis where subduction, collisional and post-orogenic extensional events are successively recorded. This Ph.D.thesis aims to address two major issues about the geodynamic evolution of the Alpujárride Complex, a group of metamorphic units that belong to the Internal Zones of the Betic Cordillera. Two study areas have been investigated with (i) the peridotitic massifs located in the western part of this complex whose mechanisms and timing of exhumation remain unclear and (ii) the tectonic units located further east that display well-preserved high pressure low temperature (HP/LT) mineral parageneses related to the Alpine subduction episode but with high uncertainties regarding the age of this metamorphic event.This work has been carried out by following a multi-scale and multi-disciplinary approach, from the outcrop- to the regional-scale, including detailed field mapping, structural measurements, petrographic observations, Ramanthermometry and 40Ar/39Ar dating. Our results evidence (i) the exhumation of the Ronda peridotite controlled by anhyper-extension event associated with a rifting stage and (ii) the end of the HP/LT peak conditions around 38 Ma,juste before the inception of the slab roll-back and back-arc opening associated with a high temperature-lowpressure (HT-LP) metamorphic overprint. The Alpujárride Complex is exhumed during this stage, while the crust ishigly stretched. This HT-LP metamorphic event ended with the thrusting of the Internal Zones of the Betic-RifCordillera onto the Iberian and African margins, around 20 Ma ago

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

GALATI, ELENA. "Yeast response to prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19557.

Full text

Abstract:

Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis is fundamental for cell viability and genome stability. For a correct division, all kinetochores must be attached to the mitotic spindle and cohesion must be timely removed. Anaphase is triggered by the Anaphase Promoting Complex bound to its regulatory subunit Cdc20 (APC-Cdc20) that polyubiquitylates securin (Pds1 in budding yeast), whose role is to maintain inactive the protease separase (Esp1 in budding yeast) until anaphase onset. Once active, separase cleaves cohesin, thus triggering sister chromatid separation. Separase also promotes cyclinB proteolysis and mitotic exit due to its involvement in the Cdc14-early anaphase release (FEAR) pathway that promotes a partial activation of the Cdc14 phophatase, which is in turn key for CDK inactivation and mitotic exit. Cdc14 is maintained inactive throughout most of the cell cycle bound to its inhibitor Net1/Cfi1 and trapped in the nucleolus. At the beginning of anaphase Cdc14 is released from the nucleolus into the nucleus by the FEAR pathway; subsequently, Cdc14 is released also in the cytoplasm by the MEN (Mitotic Exit Network) pathway. In this way Cdc14 is fully active and can trigger mitotic exit by cyclinB-CDK inactivation. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism conserved in all eukaryotic organisms that ensures the correct segregation of the genetic material. In fact, it inhibits the metaphase to anaphase transition until all kinetochores are properly attached to the mitotic spindle by inactivating the APC-Cdc20 complex, thus providing the time for error correction. Cells do not arrest indefinitely upon SAC activation. After a variable period of time cells escape from the metaphase arrest also in the presence of a damaged mitotic spindle or faulty kinetochore attachments to spindle microtubules. This process is referred to as adaptation or mitotic slippage and is often involved in the resistance to chemotherapeutic compounds that target the mitotic spindle. In spite of its importance, the adaptation process is still little known. Within this context, the goals of my Ph.D. were: (1) to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying SAC adaptation and (2) to search for factors involved in this process. For these purposes we used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. (1) We characterized the adaptation process in either the presence or the absence of mitotic spindle perturbations. We depolymerized spindles by using two different drugs that alter microtubule dynamics, i.e. nocodazole and benomyl, whereas we induced SAC hyperactivation without spindle damage by overproducing Mad2 (GAL1-MAD2 cells), one of the key proteins for SAC signal generation and maintenance. We observed that in all the conditions cells are able to adapt, but with different kinetics. In particular, cells adapt faster in benomyl, while in nocodazole and with high levels of Mad2 cells need more time to slip out of mitosis. The few data available about SAC adaptation in higher eukaryotes indicate that SAC adaptation is accompanied by chromatid separation, a decrease in mitotic CDK activity and mitotic exit. Indeed, like in mammalian cells, yeast securin and cyclinB are degraded and sister chromatids are separated during adaptation. In addition, cyclinB stabilization, as well as Cdc20 and Cdc5 (polo kinase) inactivation, markedly delay adaptation, while the only yeast CKI (Sic1) is not involved in this process. Finally, when yeast cells adapt the SAC is likely to be turned off, as shown by the disassembly of the Mad1/Bub3 checkpoint complex. (2) To search for factors involved in SAC adaptation, we performed a genetic screen using GAL1-MAD2 cells. In particular, we screened for mutants that would remain arrested for prolonged times in mitosis upon MAD2 overexpression. We identified Rsc2, a non-essential component of the RSC chromatin remodelling complex, as a regulator of SAC adaptation in yeast. We demonstrated that RSCRsc2 is involved in fine tuning mitotic exit during the unperturbed cell cycle. Its activity becomes particularly important in conditions that would activate the SAC, as it contributes to cyclinB degradation. In the absence of Rsc2 Net1 phosphorylation and the early anaphase release of Cdc14 from the nucleolus are impaired, whereas expression of a dominant allele of CDC14 that loosens Net1 inhibition (CDC14TAB6-1) is sufficient to restore mitotic exit in conditions where Rsc2 becomes essential for this process. We further demonstrated that the ATPase activity of RSC is required for mitotic exit regulation, suggesting that its chromatin-remodelling activity is involved in this process. By studying possible genetic interactions between the RSC2 deletion and FEAR or MEN mutations, we found that RSC2 deletion confers synthetic lethality or sickness to MEN but not to FEAR mutants. Altogether, our data suggest that RSCRsc2 is a novel component of the FEAR pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that Rsc2 interacts in vivo and in vitro with the polo kinase Cdc5, which controls mitotic exit at different levels. Since RSC binds to acetylated histone tails, it is possible that histone transacetylases are also involved in SAC adaptation. We tested if the SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase) complex is involved in SAC adaptation by deleting ADA2 or GCN5 in yeast. Indeed, SAGA seems involved in adaptation, although the contribution of Ada2 and Gcn5 in the process differs depending on the conditions used to activate the SAC. Finally, since we found that upon treatment with benomyl (a microtubule destabilizer) cells adapt dividing nuclei, we wondered if SAC adaptation could be linked to the presence of cytoplasmic microtubules that are still partially detectable in these conditions. We therefore asked whether motor proteins and microtubule regulators are involved in mitotic slippage. Indeed, we found that in the absence of Kip2 and Bik1, which specifically bind to cytoplasmic microtubules, cells divide nuclei and exit mitosis slower than wild type cells, demonstrating that cytoplasmic microtubules and associated proteins could accelerate SAC adaptation. In conclusion, SAC adaptation is a very complex process whose timing probably depends on the interplay between different mechanisms. An important aim for a complete comprehension of this process, as well as for the development of new and more efficient cancer therapies, will be to identify novel factors implicated in adaptation and clarify how their function might be linked to one another.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bauer, Vladimír. "Finanční analýza společnosti Euro RSCG, a. s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403.

Full text

Abstract:

Cílem práce je posoudit finanční zdraví společnosti Euro RSCG, a. s. s důrazem na charakteristiky reklamního odvětví. První část práce se věnuje popisu reklamního odvětví a blíže jsou popsány pojmy reklama, komunikační proces, subjekty reklamního trhu. Samotatná kapitola je věnována popisu reklamních médií a mediálním ukazatelům. V další část je zaměřená na společnost Euro RSCG, a. s. Další část obsahuje finanční analýzu vybrané společnosti.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

To, Davidnhan D. "Characterization of a novel peptide inhibitor of RsmC function." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1558543430558686.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bossonaro, Adriano Aleixo. "Método RSCT reengenharia de software orientada a componentes usando transformações." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/624.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAAB.pdf: 2236709 bytes, checksum: 5e5fccf55f07efba73b03e599b8020e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-08-16
This project researched a Component-Oriented Software Reengineering Method using Transformations, named RSCT. The researched method extends the RST Method [Fon02a, Fon02b, Fon02c, Fon02d, Fon04], adding resources to treat the component-based reengineering. The RSCT aims to guide the components construction and reuse in the reengineering of legacy systems. The method is supported by two tools: a Software Transformation System, named Draco-PUC and a CASE tool, named MVCASE, and is divided in 4 (four) phases. In Phase 1, Construct Domains and Transformers, it is obtained the domains and transformers used in the legacy system reverse engineering to obtain of Object-Oriented Design. In Phase 2, Obtain Object-Oriented Design, it is obtained the legacy system object-oriented recovered design, using the domains and transformers constructed in Phase 1. In Phase 3, Construct Components, it is obtained the components of the legacy system domain, from the objectoriented recovered designs in Phase 2. With the MVCASE support, the Software Engineering analyses and refines each Object-Oriented design and uses design patterns to construct the components, making them available in a library. Finally, in Phase 4, Reconstruct Systems, the legacy systems are reconstructed from their object-oriented designs, obtained in Phase 2, reusing the components available in the library.
Este projeto pesquisou um Método de Reengenharia de Software Orientada a Componentes usando Transformações, denominado RSCT. O método pesquisado estende o Método RST [Fon02a, Fon02b, Fon02c, Fon02d, Fon04], adicionando recursos para tratar a reengenharia baseada em componentes. O RSCT tem como objetivo orientar a construção e reuso de componentes de software na reengenharia de sistemas legados. Na execução do método, o Engenheiro de Software é apoiado por duas ferramentas: o Sistema de Transformação Draco-PUC e a ferramenta CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) MVCASE, e está dividido em 04 (quatro) fases. Na Fase 1, Construir Domínios e Transformadores, obtêm-se os domínios e transformadores de software que são usados na Engenharia Reversa do sistema legado para a obtenção de seu Projeto Orientado a Objetos. Na Fase 2, Obter Projeto Orientado a Objetos, com o apoio do Sistema de Transformação Draco-PUC, obtém-se o projeto Orientado a Objetos recuperado do sistema legado, usando os domínios e transformadores construídos na Fase 1. Na Fase 3, Construir Componentes, obtêm-se os componentes do domínio do sistema legado, a partir dos projetos Orientados a Objetos recuperados na Fase 2. Com o apoio da ferramenta MVCASE, o Engenheiro de Software analisa e refina cada projeto Orientado a Objetos e utiliza padrões de projeto para construir os componentes, disponibilizando-os em uma biblioteca. Finalmente, na Fase 4, Reconstruir Sistemas, são reconstruídos os sistemas legados, a partir dos seus projetos Orientados a Objetos obtidos na Fase 2, fazendo reuso dos componentes disponíveis na biblioteca.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Thompson, Jeffrey M. "Computer aided design and synthesis of the RSCR spatial mechanism." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80087.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent efforts in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing have stressed the development of robotics. However, there are many applications where a spatial mechanism could be used in place of a robot, but the mechanism design theory has not been fully developed. This thesis presents the fundamentals of a computer aided design system for the RSCR (revolute-spheric-cylindric-revolute) spatial mechanism. Exact relationships for position, velocity, and acceleration analysis have been derived. Closed form synthesis equations have been developed for the RS and RC dyads. The theory developed in this thesis has been implemented on the digital computer in the form of a FORTRAN77 computer program. This computer implementation includes interfaces with MECHIN, a graphical preprocessor for spatial mechanism synthesis and analysis, and GENMOD, an automatic model generator for spatial mechanisms.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Durley, Samuel C. "Chromatin remodelling in Sacchromyces cerevisiae by RSC." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56801/.

Full text

Abstract:

RSC is a member of the multi-subunit SWI/SNF family of ATPase-dependent chromatin remodellers and it is implicated in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The central ATPase subunit, Sth1, translocates nucleosomes in vitro and mutations in human RSC sub-unit orthologues are implicated in human disease. RSC is found in two isoforms, defined by the presence of either the Rsc1 or Rsc2 subunits, and these appear to confer distinct remodelling functions in different genomic contexts. At the MAT locus, Rsc1 and Rsc2 appear to mediate different forms of nucleosome positioning which are required for efficient mating type switching. Elsewhere in the genome, it has been suggested that RSC can create partially un-wrapped nucleosomes in order to facilitate transcription factor binding. This thesis uses indirect-end-label analysis and chromatin-sequencing technologies to dissect the chromatin remodelling functions of RSC and to determine the roles of Rsc1, Rsc2 and their subdomains. The work presented here suggests that four chromatin-remodelling outcomes arise from RSC activity. Firstly, RSC alters the positions of a tract of nucleosomes abutting HO endonuclease-induced double-strand DNA breaks both at MAT and non-MAT loci in a Rsc1-dependent manner. This activity can be transferred from Rsc1 to Rsc2 by swapping BAH domains. Secondly, RSC can aggregate nucleosomes into a large nuclease-resistant structure, termed an alphasome, in a Rsc2- and Rsc7-dependent manner. Thirdly, RSC positions nucleosomes at tRNA genes in a manner that requires both Rsc1 and Rsc2. Finally, chromatin particles consistent with previously described un-wound nucleosomes are confirmed to be present in specific promoter regions. Although Rsc1- and Rsc2- dependent subsets of these promoters could be identified, and associations with binding motifs for particular transcriptions factors were discovered, it was ultimately not possible to unambiguously define why some gene promoters depend on one RSC sub-unit rather than the other.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Murta, Danillo Velloso Ferreira. "Estudo a campo da vacina recombinante rSBm 7462 anti Rhipicephalus microplus." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7512.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-04-18T16:46:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 804756 bytes, checksum: 03a46513826b20470e24b68ca050d076 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T16:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 804756 bytes, checksum: 03a46513826b20470e24b68ca050d076 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26
Devido à sua capacidade em transmitir diversos agentes infecciosos, os carrapatos são importantes para a saúde pública e para produção animal. Dentre estes, se destaca o carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus, responsável por perdas econômicas nos países das regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Entre as medidas de controle deste ectoparasita, o controle imunológico tornou-se uma alternativa promissora, pois não gera populações de carrapatos resistentes e não há risco de resíduos em produtos de origem animal e contaminação ambiental e melhor bem estar animal. Objetivou-se neste estudo, testar a campo o efeito do peptídeo recombinante rSBm 7462 anti Rhipicephalus microplus. Avaliaram-se as condições climáticas no período de 2010 a 2014, e a dinâmica populacional do carrapato neste período, dividindo as em duas etapas, antes e após a imunização. O peptídeo recombinante foi aplicado em três doses, com intervalos de 30 dias no ano de 2012, e repetido nos anos seguintes de 2013 e 2014. O efeito do controle de carrapatos com uso do imunógeno sobre a dinâmica populacional, os parâmetros produtivos e reprodutivos dos rebanhos, assim como custo de produção, baseando-se no controle de carrapatos, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios.
Due to its ability to transmit various infectious agents, ticks are important to public health and animal production. Among these, it stands out the tick Rhipicephalus microplus, responsible for economic losses in the countries of tropical and subtropical regions. Among the control measures of this ectoparasite, the immune control has become a promising alternative because it does not generate resistant tick populations and there is no risk of residues in animal products and environmental contamination and better animal welfare. The aim of this study, test the field the effect of recombinant peptide RSBM 7462 anti Rhipicephalus microplus. Evaluated the climate conditions in the period 2010-2014, and population dynamics of the tick will be shown, dividing in two stages, before and after immunization. The recombinant peptide was administered in three doses, 30 days in the year ranges from 2012, and repeated in the following years 2013 and 2014. The effect of tick control with use of the immunogen on population dynamics, productive and reproductive parameters of herds, as well as cost of production, based on the control of ticks, showed satisfactory results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Brual, Typhaine. "Unraveling virulence regulation in pectinolytic bacteria : Insights from ArcZ and RsmC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0100.

Full text

Abstract:

Les bactéries pectinolytiques du genre Dickeya prospèrent dans diverses niches écologiques, y compris l'eau, le sol et les plantes, s'adaptant à des environnements complexes et en constante évolution, façonnés par diverses interactions biotiques et abiotiques.Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié les mécanismes qui régulent la virulence du genre Dickeya, en particulier D. dadantii et D. solani.Nos principaux résultats concernent la régulation post-transcriptionnelle exercée par le sRNA ArcZ et la régulation post-traductionnelle modulée par la protéine RsmC. ArcZ est un acteur clé de l'adaptation de D. solani, régulant la motilité en fonction des conditions environnementales et favorisant la virulence lors de l'infection des plantes. En outre, ArcZ joue un rôle essentiel dans la résistance à l’acidité.RsmC, quant à lui, est impliqué dans la régulation de la motilité et joue un rôle complexe dans la virulence. Nos résultats suggèrent de nouvelles interactions pour RsmC et ouvrent des perspectives pour l'étude d'autres fonctions non documentées.En un mot, notre étude révèle comment des régulateurs tels que ArcZ et RsmC orchestrent les réponses bactériennes à un environnement dynamique. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'adaptabilité des espèces du genre Dickeya et soulignent l'importance du contexte écologique dans l'étude du comportement bactérien
Pectinolytic bacteria of the genus Dickeya thrive in diverse ecological niches including water, soil and plants, adapting to complex and ever-changing environments shaped by various biotic and abiotic interactions. In this thesis, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate the virulence of the genus Dickeya, in particular D. dadantii and D. solani. Our main findings concern post-transcriptional regulation exerted by the sRNA ArcZ and post-translational regulation modulated by the protein RsmC. ArcZ is a key player in D. solani adaptation, regulating motility according to environmental conditions and enhancing virulence during plant infection. In addition, ArcZ plays a critical role in acid resistance. RsmC, in turn, is involved in the regulation of motility and has a complex role in virulence. Our results suggest novel interactions for RsmC and open perspectives for studying other undocumented functions. In a word, our study reveals how regulators such as ArcZ and RsmC orchestrate bacterial responses to a dynamic environment. These findings highlight the adaptability of Dickeya species and underscore the importance of ecological context in the study of bacterial behavior

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

G, C. Keshav. "Investigation of the Role of Bacterial Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferase Enzyme RsmC in Ribosome Biogenesis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1621868567263046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Österberg, Yngve. "Hur förklarar Regional Security Complex Theory Mistralaffären : en undersökning gällande RSCT och försvarsmateriella handelsavbrott." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6723.

Full text

Abstract:

Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) innefattar analysenheter som är nära kopplade till försvarsmateriella handelavtal och har därför ett teoretiskt ramverk som kan hjälpa förstå och förklara avtalen i detalj. Det är dock oklart exakt hur detta ska göras eftersom det inte tas upp i Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Syftet med denna uppsats är att med hjälp av RSCT förklara Mistralaären för att sedan undersöka om det finns en underliggande process gemensamt för liknande fall.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Shaughnessy, R. M. "Shakespeare's Histories and the RSC, 1963-1988 : play, performance and politics." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639011.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the staging of Shakespeare's History plays by the Royal Shakespeare Company during the period between 1963 (the Hall-Barton The Wars of the Roses) and 1988 (the Noble-Wood Plantagenets). Although the English Histories are the main focus, productions of other Shakespearean and non-Shakespearean texts are included as points of reference; the primary source materials of the study are the company's prompt books and production records. Using this material as its basis, the study investigates the cultural politics of contemporary Shakespearean theatre production, exploring the relationships between the literary text and performance in their various political, institutional, historical and theatrical contexts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Landa, Tobar Luis Ángel. "Modelo de crecimiento del negocio de la firma RSM Auditores Ltda." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115590.

Full text

Abstract:

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas
El presente documento ha sido elaborado tomando como base el proceso de planificación estratégica que la Firma RSM Chile Auditores Ltda. , está llevando a cabo en su desarrollo de actividades para el crecimiento de la Firma en Chile. La firma internacional de la que es parte, le exige ser la quinta firma de mayor facturación del rubro en Chile, lo que representaría en 2015 $5.300.000.000, con una base de $2.840.000.000.-en 2012 ( incluye $1.100.000.000 de la sociedad relacionada Landa Consultores ,con licencia para representar a RSM ) y un crecimiento requerido de $2.460.000.000 ingresos anuales adicionales, al termino de dicho periodo.- El objetivo del trabajo es diseñar una estrategia de crecimiento y evaluación de la misma, que pueda ser implementada durante los próximos 3 años. Determinar si es posible alcanzar el crecimiento y si es rentable hacerlo. Se realiza un diagnóstico de la situación competitiva de la empresa en Chile y un análisis del entorno del modelo de su negocio, identificando las condiciones presentes y los cambios que pueden venir, todo ello en relación con el crecimiento requerido. Se elabora una propuesta de su modelo de negocio, utilizando CANVAS y luego sobre este se aplica un cuestionario para la evaluación del mismo, (FODA), identificándose brechas que la empresa debe de trabajar para alcanzar el crecimiento requerido, siendo las principales: no se está cobrando por algunos servicios; no se está trabajando la venta de servicios complementarios. Del análisis de los distintos caminos de crecimiento (Matriz de Ansoff), y considerando las características de la Firma, se eligió crecer aumentando la participación de mercado con marketing directo y la designación de oficinas representantes en regiones. Como conclusión es posible señalar que la situación de RSM es favorable para alcanzar el crecimiento requerido, definiéndose 2 líneas de acción y con aporte y una rentabilidad cada una de ellas como sigue: Crecimiento orgánico; Aportaría $1.650.000.000.- representa el 67 % del crecimiento requerido y una rentabilidad del orden del 30 %. Apertura de nuevas oficinas representantes en regiones; Aportaría $ 800.000.000.-, representa el 33 % del crecimiento y no aportaría a la rentabilidad, salvo para financiar en parte los gastos de la estructura central en materia de marketing, publicidad, capacitación, membrecía. El licenciamiento a empresas representantes en regiones es una opción en la cual están dadas las condiciones para incursionar con éxito toda vez que se cuenta con el conocimiento, la experiencia, la metodología y la reputación necesarias. Para alcanzar el crecimiento requerido, no está previsto incursionar en un proceso de fusión con otras firmas debido a la complejidad que tiene el unir culturas e intereses. Sin embargo, siempre está abierta esta posibilidad.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Diaz, Manisha Regina. "Regulation of virulence gene expression by Rsm homologs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4612.

Full text

Abstract:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa RsmA belongs to the CsrA family of RNA binding proteins. CsrA family members are post-transcriptional regulators of global gene expression and usually function to inhibit translation of target genes, but in some cases can also exert positive regulatory effects. Previous work from our lab determined that RsmA is required for maximal T3SS gene expression in P. aeruginosa strain PA103. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the RsmA-mediated control of T3SS gene expression was unknown. Expression of the T3SS is under the direct control of ExsA, a transcriptional activator. Previous microarray analyses showed that exsA transcript levels were reduced two-fold in an rsmA mutant. In chapter II I examine the role of RsmA in regulating ExsA expression. I demonstrate that expression of a ExsA-LacZ translational fusion was reduced two-fold in an rsmA mutant suggesting a specific effect of RsmA on ExsA expression. The effect of RsmA on ExsA expression occurs at a post-transcriptional level and is independent of mRNA and protein stabilization mechanisms. RsmA directly interacts with the exsCEBA transcript at multiple sites. Truncation analyses indicate that the -37 to +85 region (relative to the ATG start codon) is necessary and sufficient for RsmA-dependent control. I identified two binding sites, BS1 (-25 bp) and BS2 (+84), involved in the interaction of RsmA with the exsA transcript using sequence analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, EMSA assays, RNase footprints, and RNaseH cleavage assays. Mutagenesis of both binding sites results in an RsmA-independent phenotype. I further demonstrate that RsmA is able to activate ExsA expression. I propose a model wherein RsmA relieves a block on ExsA translation. Collectively, this work shows that RsmA directly binds and activates ExsA expression at the post-transcriptional level. Most Pseudomonas species carry at least two homologs of CsrA on the chromosome, but only one copy had been identified in P. aeruginosa. Through the course of other projects in the lab, we observed several phenotypes that could not be accounted for by a single copy of RsmA. In collaboration with the Wolfgang lab, we identified a second CsrA homolog, RsmF in P. aeruginosa. RsmF is dimeric in solution. The structure of RsmF differs substantially from other CsrA homologs by having alpha-helices located between the beta-2 and beta-3 strands. In chapter III I examine the role of RsmF in regulating RsmA-controlled processes associated with acute (T3SS) and chronic (T6SS and biofilm formation) infection. I discovered that while an rsmF mutant alone does not exhibit a phenotype, simultaneous deletion of both rsmA and rsmF significantly accentuates the phenotypes exhibited by an rsmA mutant alone. I show that RsmA directly binds and represses RsmF translation and that the small regulatory RNAs RsmZ and RsmY do not significantly modulate RsmF activity. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Arg 62, located in the beta-1 and beta-5 fold, is essential for biological activity in vivo and RNA-binding in vitro suggesting a conserved mechanism of RNA recognition maintained across all CsrA family members. Finally, I show that RsmF binds to only a subset of RsmA targets and is not involved in the regulation of all RsmA-controlled processes. In chapter IV I identified high-affinity RNA ligands from a chemically synthesized oligonucleotide library using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and high-througput sequencing. From preliminary analyses of high-throughput sequencing data, the RsmF-binding consensus was determined as 5'-RUACARGGAC-3', with the ARGGA motif being 95% conserved. Collectively, this work shows that Rsm homologs play important roles in regulating virulence gene expression in P. aeruginosa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Pashaei, Fakhri Kambiz. "Modélisation des composants d'optique intégrée par la méthode modale (la RSM)." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0147.

Full text

Abstract:

Nous etudions la modelisation des composants d'optique integree par la methode modale. La methode modale est la projection du champ electrique et magnetique sur les modes propres de la structure. La methode modale, nous fourni une meilleure comprehension des effets de rayonnements indispensable a la realisation des circuits d'optique performants. Nous presentons les autres methodes existantes et nous les comparons avec la methode modale. Nous etudions la modelisation d'une discontinuite. Lorsque qu'une onde est incidente sur une discontinuite, une partie de l'onde est reflechie et une autre partie est transmise. Ainsi une partie de la puissance de l'onde incidente est couplee aux modes progressifs et une autre partie aux modes regressifs. Ces modes progressifs et regressifs comprennent non seulement les modes guides mais aussi les modes rayonnes et les modes evanescents. La perte de puissance dans les guides d'onde optique est due aux modes rayonnes. Les modes rayonnes transportent de la puissance active mais les modes evanescents transportent de la puissance reactive. Ces modes sont importants pour la representation fine du champ pres de la discontinuite. Pour la modelisation d'une discontinuite, nous presentons deux methodes. La premiere methode consiste, a projeter les modes progressifs et les modes regressifs sous un systeme d'equation lineaire matricielle. En inversant ce systeme matriciel, on retrouve la puissance reflechie et transmise. Nous presentons ensuite une nouvelle technique pour l'analyse des discontinuites, cette methode nous permet d'eviter les matrices de grosse taille et en meme temps la vitesse et la precision de calcul sont grande. Nous appliquons cette methode originale aux differentes structures et nous comparons les resultats ainsi obtenus avec les resultats obtenus en utilisants les coefficients de reflexion de fresnel. Nous nous interessons ensuite aux reseaux periodiques. Les reseaux periodiques sont important en optique integree pour la realisation des differents composants tels que les filtres et les lasers dfb. Pour la modelisation nous utilisons deux methodes, l'une matricielle et l'autre en faisant appel a des aller-retours multiples. Nous presentons les resultats ainsi obtenus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Shukla, Manu Shubhdarshan. "Etudes sur le mécanisme de remodelage des nucléosomes par RSC et SWI/SNF." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413908.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans les cellules eucaryotes l'ADN nucléaire est organisé sous la forme de chromatine, dont l'unité de répétition est le nucleosome. En règle générale, la chromatine est considérée comme répressive pour les processus nécessitant un accès à l'ADN tels que la transcription, la réplication ou la réparation. Le nucléosome représente une forte barrière pour des protéines nécessitant l'accès à l'ADN. Pour surmonter cette barrière, la cellule a développé des méthodes variées, dont la plus importante semble être le remodelage des nucléosomes dépendant de l'ATP. Une propriété commune à tous ces facteurs de remodelage est leur capacité de repositionner les nucléosomes le long de l'ADN.

Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le mécanisme de déplacement des nucléosomes par RSC et SWI/SNF, deux facteurs de remodelage de levure bien caractérisés. Nous avons combiné des approches basées sur la visualisation à haute résolution, notamment la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) et la cryo-microscopie électronique, avec des approches nouvelles à pointe de la biochimie et de la biologie moléculaire.

Nous avons montré que la mobilisation des nucléosomes par RSC ou SWI/SNF implique des espèces réactionnelles intermédiaires métastables dont l'existence et la structure étaient jusqu'alors inconnues. Ces particules nucléosomales, que nous avons nommé ‘remosomes', possèdent certaines propriétés structurales distinctes des nucléosomes canoniques. En particulier, les ‘remosomes' contiennent ~180 pb d'ADN associées à l'octamère d'histones au lieu de 147 pb pour les nucléosomes canoniques. En utilisant, l'empreinte à la DNase I nous avons montré que le ‘remosome' représente un ensemble de structures multiples caractérisées par un enroulement fortement perturbé de l'ADN sur l'octamère d'histones. Pour caractériser ces ‘remosomes' avec une grande précision, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle technique « one pot in gel assay » qui consiste à cartographier toutes les 10 pb l'accessibilité d'une enzyme de restriction au ‘remosome' fractionné. L'application de cette technique a révélé que le profil de l'accessibilité du ‘remosome' est très différent de celui du nucléosome. Alors que celui du nucléosome peut être extrapolé par une fonction de type hyperbolique, le profil du ‘remosome' est ajusté par une fonction parabolique.

Nous avons voulu répondre à la question du mécanisme de l'inhibition de la mobilisation du nucléosome variant H2A.Bbd par SWI/SNF. En utilisant les techniques décrites plus haut sur des nucléosomes variants ou chimériques (contenant des délétions ou translocations de domaines d'histones) nous avons montré que le domaine d'accrochage (‘docking domain') de l'histone H2A est essentiel pour la mobilisation des nucléosomes. Nous avons aussi montré que l'incapacité du nucléosome à glisser est due à la génération d'états intermédiaires ‘remosomes erronés', distincts de ceux apparaissant dans le cas du nucléosome conventionnel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shukla, Manu Shubhdarshan. "Études sur le mécanisme de remodelage des nucléosomes par RSC et SWI/SNF." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10057.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans les cellules eucaryotes, l'ADN nucléaire est organisé sous la forme de chromatine, dont l'unité de répétition est le nucleosome. En règle générale, la chromatine est considérée comme répressive pour les processus nécessitant un accès à l'ADN tels que la transcription, la réplication ou la réparation. Le nucléosome représente une forte barrière pour des protéines nécessitant l'accès à l'ADN. Pour surmonter cette barrière, la cellule a développé des méthodes variées, dont la plus importante semble être le remodelage des nucléosomes dépendant de l'ATP. Une propriété commune à tous ces facteurs de remodelage est leur capacité de repositionner les nucléosomes le long de l'ADN. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le mécanisme de déplacement des nucléosomes par RSC et SWI/SNF, deux facteurs de remodelage de levure bien caractérisés. Nous avons combiné des approches basées sur la visualisation à haute résolution, notamment la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) et la cryo-microscopie électronique, avec des approches nouvelles à pointe de la biochimie et de la biologie moléculaire. Nous avons montré que la mobilisation des nucléosomes par RSC ou SWI/SNF implique des espèces réactionnelles intermédiaires métastables dont l'existence et la structure étaient jusqu'alors inconnues. Ces particules nucléosomales, que nous avons nommé ‘remosomes', possèdent certaines propriétés structurales distinctes des nucléosomes canoniques. En particulier, les ‘remosomes' contiennent ~180 pb d'ADN associées à l'octamère d'histones au lieu de 147 pb pour les nucléosomes canoniques. En utilisant, l'empreinte à la DNase I nous avons montré que le ‘remosome' représente un ensemble de structures multiples caractérisées par un enroulement fortement perturbé de l'ADN sur l'octamère d'histones. Pour caractériser ces ‘remosomes' avec une grande précision, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle technique « one pot in gel assay » qui consiste à cartographier toutes les 10 pb l'accessibilité d'une enzyme de restriction au ‘remosome' fractionné. L'application de cette technique a révélé que le profil de l'accessibilité du ‘remosome' est très différent de celui du nucléosome. Alors que celui du nucléosome peut être extrapolé par une fonction de type hyperbolique, le profil du ‘remosome' est ajusté par une fonction parabolique. Nous avons voulu répondre à la question du mécanisme de l'inhibition de la mobilisation du nucléosome variant H2A. Bbd par SWI/SNF. En utilisant les techniques décrites plus haut sur des nucléosomes variants ou chimériques (contenant des délétions ou translocations de domaines d'histones) nous avons montré que le domaine d'accrochage (‘docking domain') de l'histone H2A est essentiel pour la mobilisation des nucléosomes. Nous avons aussi montré que l'incapacité du nucléosome à glisser est due à la génération d'états intermédiaires ‘remosomes erronés', distincts de ceux apparaissant dans le cas du nucléosome conventionnel
In eukaryotic cell the DNA is organized in the nucleus in the form of chromatin, the fundamental unit of which is called as the nucleosome. Organization of DNA into the nucleosomes presents a strong barrier for various processes which require access to the DNA like transcription, replication and repair. To overcome this problem cells utilize a variety of methods, ATP dependent chromatin remodeling being one of the most important of them. A common feature of all the remodelers is that they are able to reposition the nucleosomes along the DNA at the expense of ATP. In the present work, we have studied the mechanism of nucleosome mobilization by RSC and SWI/SNF, two well characterized remodelers from yeast. A combinatorial approach was employed using high resolution microscopy namely Electron cryo-Microscopy (EC-M) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) together with novel biochemical approaches. We have shown that the nucleosome mobilization by RSC and SWI/SNF involves hitherto unknown intermediate structures. These remodeled nucleosome particles ‘The Remosomes' possess characteristic structural features. Our AFM studies show that ~180 bp of DNA is associated with the histone octamer as compared to ~147 bp in the canonical nucleosomes. Using DNaseI footprinting and EC-M we have shown that the path of DNA around the histone octamer is highly perturbed. Moreover, these particles represent an ensemble many different structures rather than one defined specie. The novel ‘in gel one pot assay' showed that accessibility profile of these particles is completely different from that of canonical nucleosomes and they are accessible all along the path of DNA. We have also addressed the question of inhibition of nucleosome mobilization due to incorporation of histone variant H2A. Bbd in the nucleosomes. We show that the docking domain of histone H2A is essential for SWI/SNF and RSC induced nucleosome sliding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reason for inability of these nucleosomes to slide is due to a faulty generation of ‘Remosome' intermediates

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Johansson, Robert. "Investigation of the Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer around a Heated Cube Cooled by Multiple Impinging jets in a Cross-Flow." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21851.

Full text

Abstract:

The fast development in electronics has resulted in faster and faster computers. Furthermore, the electronic components trend to get smaller and smaller by the year. With more processing power combined with smaller components the heat generation rapidly increases. The scope of this study is to examine a spot cooling technique consisting with different geometry of multiple impinging jets in combination with a cross-flow by the use of CFD. The case is limited to a heated wall mounted cube cooled by a impinging jet as well as an multiple impinging jets in a low velocity cross-flow. This study can be divided into two parts a verification study and a detailed study. The verification study consist of comparison between RSM model and measured values for both the turbulent flow and the surface temperature. The single impinging mesh consists of 934 k elements while the plus 1439 k and cross consists of 2809 k elements. All the meshes are created in ANSYS fluent and this paper contains a detailed guide to create them. The verification study proved that RSM can predict the complicated flow with good agreement with the single impinging jet. The heat transfer coefficient differ substantially between the cases. The PIV compared to the UDF for the inlet velocity profiles had a 21\% increase in heat transfer coefficient in the top layer of the cube. In all the simulations the cross had at least an increase of 18\% on average $h$. While there was no real verification study for the multiple impinging jets I would still argue that cross is better than the plus sign geometry in terms of heat transfer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gomes, Angela Negrão Torres. "A influência da comunicação de RSC da marca no comportamento pró-social do consumidor." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37468.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Danielle Mantovani Lucena da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Defesa: Curitiba, 27/02/2015
Inclui bibliografia
Área de concentração: Estratégia e marketing e comportamento
Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa o efeito da comunicação de RSC de uma marca sobre o comportamento pró-social subsequente dos consumidores por meio de apoio a um projeto social. Propõe-se que a influência desta comunicação será diferente para clientes e não clientes da marca. A literatura de influência social afirma que comportamentos positivos e negativos podem ser transmitidos. Cercados por membros in group, os indivíduos tendem a agir em conformidade (teoria do contágio), e por membros out group, agir de modo diferente (teoria da diferenciação). A hipótese do estudo é que a influência da exposição à comunicação de RSC da marca, sobre o comportamento pró-social do consumidor, será moderada pelo fato de ser cliente vs. não cliente da marca, de maneira que, quando houver exposição (vs. não exposição) à comunicação de RSC da marca, o comportamento pró-social será maior para clientes (vs. não clientes) da marca. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos hipotéticos, between subjects design, 2 (comunicação de RSC da marca: exposição vs. não exposição) x 2 (relacionamento com a marca: cliente vs. não cliente). A hipótese do estudo foi parcialmente corroborada nos dois experimentos. No experimento 1 (n = 135) o efeito de interação das variáveis independentes foi marginalmente significativo. Os participantes na condição de clientes e expostos à comunicação de RSC da marca demonstraram marginalmente uma maior intenção de doar tempo para o projeto social em relação àqueles na condição de clientes não expostos. No experimento 2 (n = 61) o efeito de interação entre as variáveis foi estatisticamente significativo para as duas medidas do comportamento pró-social - doação em dinheiro e intenção de contar para um amigo sobre o projeto social. A média de doação em dinheiro dos participantes na condição de clientes e expostos à comunicação de RSC da marca foi maior do que os clientes não expostos e os não clientes expostos. E a média da intenção de contar para um amigo sobre o projeto social diminuiu para o grupo de não clientes ao serem expostos à comunicação, sendo esta média marginalmente menor do que os clientes expostos também. Embora parcialmente, identificou-se nesta pesquisa um efeito positivo no comportamento pró-social dos consumidores ao serem expostos à comunicação de RSC da marca da qual são clientes, enquanto que para os não clientes este efeito no comportamento pró-social foi menor. Identificou-se também, em ambos os estudos, uma tendência inversa, na qual os não clientes apresentaram um maior comportamento pró-social em comparação aos clientes, quando não havia exposição à comunicação de RSC da marca. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem teoricamente para o avanço na literatura de influência social e influência social da marca, ao demonstrar que a comunicação de RSC das marcas é um estímulo que produz efeito no comportamento pró-social dos consumidores, e que pode ser moderado pelo tipo de relacionamento do consumidor com a marca. Palavras-chave: Influência Social, Influência Social da Marca, RSC, Comportamento prósocial.
Abstract: This research analyzes the effect of a brand's CSR communication on subsequent prosocial behavior of consumers by supporting a social project. It is proposed that the influence of this communication will be different for brand's customers and not customers. The social influence literature states that positive and negative behaviors can be transmitted. Surrounded by in group members, individuals tend to act accordingly (contagion theory), and by out group members to act differently (differentiation theory). The study hypothesis is that the influence of exposure to brand's CSR communication on consumer's prosocial behavior will be moderated by being a brand's customer vs. not customer, so that when the exposure (vs. no exposure) to the brand's CSR communication happens the prosocial behavior will be higher for brand's customers (vs. not customers). Two hypothetical experiments were conducted, between subjects design, 2 (brand's CSR communication: exposure vs. no exposure) x 2 (brand's relationships: customer vs. not customer). The study's hypothesis was partially confirmed in both experiments. In experiment 1 (n = 135) the interaction effect between the independent variables was marginally significant. Participants in the customer condition and exposed to brand's CSR communication showed a marginally greater intention to give time for the social project in relation to those in the customer condition and not exposed. In experiment 2 (n = 61) the interaction effect between variables was statistically significant for both measures of prosocial behavior - cash donation and intention to tell a friend about the social project. The cash donation average of participants in the customer condition and exposed to brand's CSR communication was higher than not exposed customers and exposed not customers. And the average of intention to tell a friend about the social project fell to the group of customers when exposed to communication, and was also lower than customers exposed. Although partially, it was identified on this research a positive effect on consumer's prosocial behavior when exposed to brand's CSR communication, which they are customers, while for not customers this effect on prosocial behavior was lower. It was also identified, in both studies, a reverse trend, in which not customers had a higher prosocial behaviour compared to customers, when there was no exposure to brand's CSR communication. The findings contribute theoretically to advance in the literature of social influence and brand social influence, by demonstrate that the brand's CSR communication is a stimulus that produces effect on prosocial behavior of consumers, and can be moderated by the type of consumer relationship with the brand. Keywords: Social influence, Brand Social Influence, CSR, Prosocial behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Moraes, Carina Martins de. "Produção e avaliação de proteína SeM recombinante para o controle de Adenite Equina." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1268.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_carina_moraes.pdf: 479524 bytes, checksum: 9bdbed7287bcee59185e68ac89b72108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-13
Strangles is a contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract of horses caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. Asymptomatic carriers responsible for maintaining the infection in the herd can only be detected by serological or microbiological methods and vaccines used for the control of the disease induce levels of protection generally not exceeding 50%. Considering that S. equi SeM protein is considered the most promising antigen to protect against the disease, this research aimed to produce and evaluate as antigen for vaccines and for ELISA, a recombinant S. equi SeM protein (rSeM). rSeM was produced by cloning and expression in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. To test its immunogenicity isogenic female Balb-c mice 4-6 weeks-old were randomly divided and inoculated with 1 / 20th of the estimated dose of the vaccine for horses by the SC route, on days 0 and 21 of the experiment. One group was vaccinated with 250mL (12 mg mL-1) of rSeM without adjuvant, another with 300mL of vaccine containing 12 mg mL-1 of rSeM plus 20% of aluminiun hydroxide, two other groups were vaccinated with two commercial bacterins against Strangles, other two groups were vaccinated with the same commercial vaccines containing 12 mg mL-1 of rSeM and the remaining group was inoculated with a bacterin produced with a field strain. The control group was inoculated the same dose of sterile saline. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus on days 0, 21, 42. The antibodies were titrated by ELISA using rSeM as antigen. rSeM was immunogenic for mice with a protection index of 100%. For the standardization of an ELISA, groups of 20 negative, vaccinated and positive animals were used. Using as Cut-off the mean plus two SD of the Optical Densities of the negatives, the test showed 100% sensitivity and specificity.
A Adenite Eqüina é uma enfermidade contagiosa do trato respiratório superior dos eqüídeos causada por Streptococcus equi subesp. equi. Animais portadores assintomáticos responsáveis pela permanência da infecção nos rebanhos só podem ser detectados por métodos microbiológicos ou sorológicos e as vacinas utilizadas no controle da doença induzem níveis de proteção geralmente não superiores a 50 %. Considerando que a proteína SeM de S. equi é o antígeno mais promissor na proteção contra a doença, este trabalho objetivou produzir a proteína SeM recombinante de S. equi, visando sua utilização como antígeno em vacinas e em ELISA. Proteína SeM recombinante (rSeM) foi produzida mediante a clonagem e expressão em Escherichia coli e purificada por cromatografia de afinidade. Para testar sua capacidade imunogênica, vacinas elaboradas com rSeM foram aplicadas a camundongos. Fêmeas Balb/c isogênicas com 4-6 semanas foram divididas aleatoriamente e inoculadas por via SC com 1/20 da dose vacinal estimada para cavalos, nos dias 0 e 21 do experimento. Um grupo foi vacinado com 250 mL (12 mg mL-1) de proteína recombinante sem adjuvante, outro com 300 mL de vacina contendo 12 mg mL-1 rSeM adicionada de 20% de hidróxido de alumínio, outros dois grupos com duas bacterinas comerciais contra Adenite Eqüina; dois grupos com as vacinas comerciais, acrescidas de 12 mg mL-1 de rSeM e o grupo restante com uma bacterina contendo cepas de campo. O grupo controle foi inoculado com o mesmo volume de solução salina estéril. Coletou-se sangue por punção do plexo venoso retro-ocular nos dias 0, 21 e 42. Os anticorpos foram titulados por ELISA utilizando a proteína rSeM como antígeno. A rSeM foi imunogênica em camundongos com índices de proteção de 100%. Para a padronização de um ELISA, utilizaram-se grupos de 20 soros equinos de animais negativos, vacinados e positivos. Utilizando um ponto de corte de média das densidades ópticas dos soros negativos acrescidos de dois desvios padrão, o teste teve 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wald, Jean François. "Lois de paroi adaptatives pour un modèle de fermeture du second ordre dans un contexte industriel." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3014/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Les calculs de CFD industriels pour les écoulements turbulents commencent par une phase complexe de réalisation de maillage (calculs de fond de cuve, de plénum supérieur ou d’assemblages combustibles par exemple dans le domaine nucléaire). Les premières contraintes prises en compte sont le plus souvent géométriques (complexité, détail, intuition ou retour d'expérience concernant les endroits « importants » où le maillage doit être raffiné). On doit cependant respecter des contraintes inhérentes aux modèles de turbulence RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) utilisés notamment la taille de la première cellule de calcul à la paroi. Si on utilise un modèle dit « Haut-Reynolds » (k- ε standard, SSG, …), on ne devrait trouver que des cellules de paroi ayant un centre à une distance adimensionnelle au moins égale à 20 pour pouvoir d’une part justifier l'utilisation de la loi « universelle » logarithmique pour la vitesse et d’autre part, ce qui souvent occulté, respecter le fait que ces modèles ne sont pas conçus pour des distances plus basses. En revanche, si on utilise un modèle dit « Bas-Reynolds » (BL-v²/k, EB-RSM, …), on devrait partout avoir des cellules de paroi ayant un centre à une distance adimensionnelle de la paroi très faible. Si ces modèles sont utilisés avec une partie des cellules en paroi ayant une distance adimensionnelle nettement supérieure, les résultats peuvent être catastrophiques (le calcul peut ou bien diverger ou bien donner des résultats avec une physique totalement fausse). Cette thèse propose le développement d'un nouveau modèle de turbulence avec lois de paroi adaptatives qui donne des résultats satisfaisants quelque soit le type de maillage utilisé, en particulier quand ce dernier contient à la fois des cellules dont le centre est à une distance « Bas-Reynolds » et « Haut-Reynolds ». Étant donné les écoulements complexes des configurations industrielles, ce nouveau modèle s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un modèle du second ordre connu pour son bon comportement : le modèle EB-RSM. Ce modèle permet de reproduire l'anisotropie de la turbulence et comble certaines lacunes des modèles du premier ordre. Ce modèle est disponible dans Code_Saturne, code open source développé par EDF et au sein duquel les développements ont été réalisés
CFD computations of turbulent flows always begin with a complex meshing process (upper plenum, fuel assembly in the nuclear industry for example). Geometrical constraints are the first ones to be satisfied (level of details, important zones to refine regarding “user experiences”). One has however to satisfy constraints that are inherent to the RANS model (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) used for the computation. For example, if a « High-Reynolds » (k-ε standard, SSG, …) model is used one should only have wall cells with a dimensionless distance to the wall greater or equal to 20 to justify the use of the universal “law of the wall”. On the other hand, if a « Low-Reynolds » (BL-v²/k, EB-RSM, …) model is used, one should only find wall cells with a dimensionless distance to the wall below 1. If those models are used in an inappropriate way the results could be dramatic (computations can either diverge or give unphysical results). This thesis proposes the development of a new turbulence model with adaptive wall treatments that gives satisfactory results on all types of meshes. In particular, the model will be able to cope with meshes containing both « High-Reynolds » and « Low-Reynolds » wall cells. Given the complex flows encountered in the nuclear industry this thesis will use a model known for its good behavior: the EB-RSM model. This model is able to reproduce the anisotropy of the turbulence and give more satisfactory results than eddy viscosity models in different configurations. This model is available in Code_Saturne, an open source code developed at EDF. Al the developments are made in this code

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kshetri, Man B. "N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF rRNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME RsmC IS IMPORTANT FOR ITS BINDING TO RNA AND RNA CHAPERON ACTIVITY." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1621007414429417.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Urdén, Ulf. "A Comparison of Three Computer System Simulators." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2485.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is a comparative study of three computer system simulators. These computer programs are commonly used to test the efficiency and feasibility of new computer architectures, as well for debugging and testing software. With this study, we evaluate the fundamental differences of three simulators: SimICS, SimpleScalar and ML-RSIM. A comprehensive study of simulation techniques is presented, and each evaluated simulator is classified using those premises. Quantification the performance differences using a benchmark suite is made. The results show that the most feature-rich of the simulators also seems to have the highest performance in the group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dong, Sainan. "Application of Sequential Microwave/Aeration Process for the Removal of Ammonia from Landfill Leachate." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32598.

Full text

Abstract:

Application of microwave (MW) radiation followed by aeration (A) for the purpose of ammonia removal from both synthetic solutions and landfill leachate was investigated in this study. Four sets of experiments: water bath (WB), microwave (MW), sequential microwave/aeration process (MW+A), and sequential water bath/aeration process (WB+A) were conducted using synthetic solution. MW and MW+A tests were applied on the landfill leachate as well. For each test, either 100 mL of synthetic solution or landfill leachate was used. All the tests were conducted with three replicates in batch scale. For both economic and safety concerns, the samples’ temperature were maintained below the boiling point. One-way ANOVA tests and T-tests were conducted to analyze the differences of ammonia removal efficiencies among different methods. Both thermal and non-thermal effects for the sequential microwave/aeration process were investigated. Factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate and optimize the effects of pH, MW energy level and microwave power output. Results confirmed that the sequential microwave/aeration process was an effective approach for removal of ammonia from aqueous systems. Maximum ammonia removal of 81.7 % for synthetic solution and 70% for landfill leachate was achieved by applying 7.8 KJ MW energy output/L sample and 10 minutes aeration. When apply the sequential microwave/aeration process to synthetic solution, at optimum condition of pH 10.5, 7.8 KJ MW energy output/L sample and 10 minutes aeration time, the contribution of thermal process was 39%, while 61% for non-thermal processes (33% for aeration and 28% for EMF). Statistical analysis of synthetic solution tests data using RSM showed that ammonia removal efficiency strongly depended on pH and MW energy output. R square of 0.941 indicates that observed results fitted well with the model prediction. Optimum pH and MW energy output level for ammonia removal was 11 and 7.8 KJ MW energy output/L sample respectively, and under this condition, maximum ammonia removal efficiency predicted for synthetic solution was 76.3%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ming, Hui Yang, and Zhang Lei. "The Audit Pricing Decisions for Accounting Firms in China : A Case Study from RSM China." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-45314.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Abd, Rahman M. N. "Modelling of physical vapour deposition (PVD) process on cutting tool using response surface methodology (RSM)." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/cca436cf-b72b-c899-ef02-bd522b0d7ec5/1.

Full text

Abstract:

The Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process is one of the widely used techniques for depositing thin film coatings on substrates for various applications such as integrated circuit fabrication, decorative coatings, and hard coatings for tooling. In the area of coatings on cutting tools, tool life can be improved drastically with the application of hard coatings. Application of coatings on cutting tools for various machining techniques, such as continuous and interrupted cutting, requires different coating characteristics, these being highly dependent on the process parameters under which they were formed. To efficiently optimise and customise the deposited coating characteristics, PVD process modelling using RSM methodology was proposed. The aim of this research is to develop a PVD magnetron sputtering process model which can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and resultant coating characteristics and performance. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, this being one of the most practical and cost effective techniques to develop a process model. Even though RSM has been used for the optimisation of the sputtering process, published RSM modelling work on the application of hard coating process on cutting tool is lacking. This research investigated the deposition of TiAlN coatings onto tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts using PVD magnetron sputtering process. The input parameters evaluated were substrate temperature, substrate bias voltage, and sputtering power; the out put responses being coating hardness, coating roughness, and flank wear (coating performance). In addition to that, coating microstructures were investigated to explain the behaviour of the developed model. Coating microstructural phenomena assessed were; crystallite grain size, XRD peak intensity ratio I111/I200 and atomic number percentage ratio of Al/Ti. Design Expert 7.0.3 software was used for the RSM analysis. Three process models (hardness, roughness, performance) were successfully developed and validated. The modelling validation runs were within the 90% prediction interval of the developed models and their residual errors compared to the predicted values were less than 10%. The models were also qualitatively validated by justifying the behaviour of the output responses (hardness, roughness, and flank wear) and microstructures (Al/Ti ratio, crystallographic peak ratio I111/1200, and grain size) with respect to the variation of the input variables based on the published work by researchers and practitioners in this field. The significant parameters that influenced the coating hardness, roughness, and performance (flank wear) were also identified. Coating hardness was influenced by the substrate bias voltage, sputtering power, and substrate temperature; coating roughness was influenced by sputtering power and substrate bias; and coating performance was influenced by substrate bias. The analysis also discovered that there was a significant interaction between the substrate temperature and the sputtering power which significantly influenced coating hardness, roughness, and performance; this interaction phenomenon has not been reported in previously published literature. The correlation study between coating characteristics, microstructures and the coating performance (flank wear) suggested that the coating performance correlated most significantly to the coating hardness with Pearson coefficient of determination value (R2) of 0.7311. The study also suggested some correlation between coating performance with atomic percentage ratio of Al/Ti and grain size with R2 value of 0.4762 and 0.4109 respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Bordas-Le, Floch Véronique. "Remodelage de la chromatine : étude d'un mutant du complexe RSC chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Phd thesis, Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0031.

Full text

Abstract:

Le complexe RSC est un des facteurs de remodelage de la chromatine capables de lever la barrière nucléosomale notamment lors de la transcription. Ce processus est effectué chez les eucaryotes par trois ARN polymérases (pol). Nous avons montré que le complexe RSC interagit avec les pol I et III. La protéine Rsc4 interagit par son domaine C-terminal avec la protéine ABC27, commune aux trois ARN polymérases. Nous avons isolé une mutation de la sous-unité Rsc4 qui abolit cette interaction. Les profils d'expression génomiques, établis par puces à ADN, ont permis de caractériser ses effets sur la transcription par la pol II. Curieusement, la majorité des gènes induits sont répartis sur le chromosome XII de manière non polaire. La présence de l'ADN ribosomique sur ce chromosome suggère un lien avec ce comportement particulier. Par ailleurs, la maturation de l'ARN 35S, transcrit par la pol I, est altérée, mais nous n'avons pas pu caractériser des défauts de transcription par les pol I et III
The RSC complex is one of the chromatin remodeling complexes that helps the transcripiton machinery to overcome the nucleosomal barrier. Eukaryotic transcription is carried out by three RNA polymerases. We have demonstrated that RSC complex interacts with pol I and III. The Rsc4 protein interacts by its C-teminal domain with the ABC27 protein, a subunit shared by the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, We have isolated a mutation in the Rsc4 subunit that ablolish thi interaction. We performed genome profiling experiments using DNA microarrays to characterise pol II transcription defects. Surprisingly, the vast majority of the upregulated genes localised to the chromosome XII, spreading all along in a non-polar manner. We propose that the presence of the rDNA cluster on chromosome XII could be responsible for this peculiar transcriptional pattern. We have seen defects in the 35S RNA maturation but have been unable to clearly establish defects on pol I and pol III transcription

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Bartel, Jeremy A. Nayve Moises M. "The Rajah Solaiman Islamic Movement (RSIM) and the rise of radical Islamic converts in the Philippines a major security concern /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483622.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Borer, Douglas. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 27, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77). Also available in print.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Nayve, Moises M. "The Rajah Solaiman Islamic Movement (RSIM) and the rise of radical Islamic converts in the Philippines a major security concern." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4093.

Full text

Abstract:

The rise of radical Islamic converts in the Philippines is one of the major security concerns in the Philippines today. The Rajah Solaiman Islamic Movement (RSIM) emerged from various "Balik-Islam" (revert to Islam) organizations that advocate for the conversion of the country to Islam on the belief that the Philippines was an Islamic land prior to western colonization. RSIM, which established links with the various terrorist organizations both in the Philippines and in the Middle East, has been responsible for several major terrorist attacks in the country in recent years. Despite the arrests of several key leaders of RSIM and Philippine counter-terrorism successes against the movement's objectives, RSIM remains a major security concern in the Philippines due to the continued existence of social, political and economic factors that enable the possibility of RSIM or RSIM-like groups to re-emerge. The Philippine government must address the root causes of the problem in order to reduce the grievances of the people, weaken radical organizational strength, and control the political opportunities that have led to the growth of social movements in the Philippines, including the RSIM radical Islamic converts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Araki, Herika Tsuruda. "GERENCIAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO E DEMOLIÇÃO (RSCD) NO MUNICIPIO DE GOIÂNIA/GO E O PRINCÍPIO AMBIENTAL DA PRECAUÇÃO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2825.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HERIKA TSURUDA ARAKI.pdf: 2258233 bytes, checksum: de44aae66015d94672b1cb49a021584a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-30
This research seeks to understand the problem from the return of solid waste from construction to urban environment in large quantities and completely without recovery or treatment. Demonstrates the urgent need for specific policies on the issue of the very serious consequences arising from the lack of planning on disposal of such waste. Notes that the extreme withdrawal of natural resources undoubtedly generates its depletion and environmental degradation arising from irregular depositions of so-called RSSCD (solid waste, construction and demolition) bring unpredictable damage to a risk society. Emphasizes that there must be a balance between economic development and the rational use of the resources of nature in order to avoid these risks and the occurrence of irreversible environmental damage. In this context, the research includes the precautionary principle as important to manage these risks vector, inserting the environmental impact assessment and imposing the benefit of the doubt in favor of the environment when there is any uncertainty regarding the effects of certain activities. Demonstrates that this principle has its foundation in the Law of National Environmental Policy Act ( Law No. 6938 of 31/08/1981 ) , is incorporated in the Environmental Crimes Law ( Law No. 9605 , 1998 ) , has a constitutional " status " ( Article 225 , § 1 , V , of the Constitution of 1988) and is the main guiding environmental policies . From there, learn how to search the city of Goiania stands with the legislation, especially before the Law of National Solid Waste (Law No. 12.305/2010) and currently serves as the management of RSCD, analyzing some solutions already proposed by including private sector, notably in the recycling of such waste. Thus, the work presented as a proposal of understanding and discussion of alternatives to such a relevant issue, demonstrating in the end that is necessary and urgent in Goiania, in relation to the RSCD, the implementation of preventive policies, economic and environmentally sustainable.
9 . RESUMO Objetivou-se compreender a problemática proveniente da destinação final de resíduos sólidos da construção civil no meio ambiente urbano, resíduos estes em grande quantidade e sem aproveitamento ou tratamento. Também demonstrar a necessidade urgente de políticas específicas para a questão, diante das consequências advindas da carência de planejamento para a destinação de resíduos dessa natureza. Constata-se que a retirada extremada de recursos naturais gera, indubitavelmente, o seu esgotamento e que a degradação ambiental advinda das deposições irregulares dos chamados RSCD (resíduos sólidos da construção e demolição) traz danos imprevisíveis para a sociedade. Ressalta-se que é necessário haver equilíbrio entre o desenvolvimento econômico e a utilização racional dos recursos da natureza, no sentido de se evitarem esses riscos e a ocorrência de danos ambientais irreversíveis. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa compreende o princípio da precaução como vetor na gestão de riscos, inserindo a avaliação de impacto ambiental e impondo o benefício da dúvida em favor do meio ambiente, quando houver qualquer incerteza em relação aos efeitos de determinadas atividades. Demonstra-se que esse princípio tem seu fundamento na Lei de Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Lei nº 6.938, de 31/08/1981), está incorporado na Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei nº 9.605, de 1998), tem status constitucional (artigo 225, § 1º, V, da Constituição Federal de 1988), sendo o principal norteador das políticas ambientais. A partir daí, busca-se saber como o município de Goiânia posiciona-se frente à legislação pertinente, principalmente diante da Lei de Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei nº 12.305/2010), e como atua na gestão dos RSCD, analisando algumas soluções já propostas, notadamente na reciclagem desses resíduos. Assim, o trabalho apresenta-se como uma proposta de entendimento e de discussão de alternativas para tão relevante problemática, demonstrando, ao final, que se faz necessária e urgente em Goiânia, em relação aos RSCD, a aplicação de políticas de gestão preventivas, econômicas e ambientalmente sustentáveis. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com entrevistas e questionários, se percebeu que a legislação ambiental precisa ser realmente cumprida e que a reciclagem desses resíduos é uma das soluções mais viáveis, não podendo, portanto, ser postergada nem pela iniciativa privada nem pelo Poder Público.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Chambonnier, Gaël. "Etude de la transition entre les infections aiguës et chroniques chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa : le système Rsm." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0073.

Full text

Abstract:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie à gram-négatif et un pathogène opportuniste humain qui peut engendrer des infections de type aigu ou chronique. Les infections aiguës sont caractérisées par un mode de vie planctonique des bactéries, la production du système de sécrétion de type III qui cible les cellules de l’hôte et une faible expression des deux petits ARN non codant RsmY et RsmZ. Au contraire, l’infection chronique est caractérisée par un mode de vie sessile au sein d’un biofilm, la producion du système de sécrétion de type VI Hsi1 impliqué dans la compétition bactérienne et une forte expression de RsmY et RsmZ. Le contrôle de ces états infectieux dépend d’un réseau de régulation complexe impliquant notamment le système à deux composants GacS/GacA ainsi que les histidine kinases RetS et LadS qui régulent l’expression des deux petits ARN. Ces deux ARN agissent par titration des répresseur post-transcriptionnels RsmA et RsmF permettant ainsi la traduction des transcrits des facteurs de virulence. Si les mécanismes de ces 3 voies et le fonctionnement des petits ARN Rsm ont été étudiés, des inconnues subsistent en ce qui concerne la connexion de LadS avec GacS/GacA et/ou RetS et comment s’effectue la transition entre les deux modes d’infection en réponse à RsmY et RsmZ. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai pu montrer que i) le rôle activateur de LadS est dépendant de la voie GacS/GacA et ii) la transition entre les infections aiguës et chroniques est dépendante de la concentration en petits ARN Rsm et qu’elle est progressive engendrant l’existence d’états intermédiaires où la bactérie présente à la fois des marqueurs de l’infection aiguë et de l’infection chronique
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium and a human opportunistic pathogen responsible for acute and chronic infections. Acute infections are characterized by a planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria, the production of the type III secretion system that targets the host cells and a low concentration of the two small non-coding RNAs RsmY and RsmZ. In contrast, chronic infections are characterized by a sessile lifestyle into a biofilm, the production of the type VI secretion system Hsi1 involve in bacterial dueling and a high concentration of RsmY and RsmZ. The control of these states of infection depends on a complex regulatory network that mainly implies the GacS/GacA two-component system and the RetS and LadS histidine kinases which control the expression of the two small RNAs. These two RNAs act by titrating the post-transcriptional repressor RsmA (and RsmF) thus allowing the translation of the virulence factors’ mRNAs. While the overall mechanisms of these three pathways and the functioning of RsmY and RsmZ have been studied, gray areas remain to be lighten on one hand with regard to the connection of LadS with GacS/GacA and/or RetS and on the other hand concerning the transition between the two infectious modes in response to the two small RNAs. During my Ph.D, I demonstrated that LadS acts through the GacS/GacA pathway and I showed that the transition between the acute and chronic infections depends on the concentration of the small RNAs Rsm. I also pointed out that the transition is progressive what leads to the existence of intermediate states where a bacterium present both acute and chronic markers

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Moraes, Fabiano Lopes de. "A ineficácia dos princípios orientadores das nações unidas sobre empresas e direitos humanos como mecanismo de proteção nas violações cometidas por transnacionais." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1720.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-10-16T18:22:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Lopes de Moraes.pdf: 1259882 bytes, checksum: 6954240ea44067ab2817fe7b54df73b7 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T18:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Lopes de Moraes.pdf: 1259882 bytes, checksum: 6954240ea44067ab2817fe7b54df73b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-10
This scientific research aims at drawing a parallel between the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights and their effectiveness as mechanisms for protecting Human Rights in violations committed by companies. For this, the work begins to verify the classic theory of Alberto Asquini about companies, locking a parallel with contemporary companies and the need for protection of human rights, their social and sustainable responsibility for the economic tripod. After that, a descriptive study will be carried out on the UN human rights protection mechanisms, and the access mechanisms and regulatory procedures to repair cases where there is a violation. Finally, the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights will be explored further and the central question will be raised as to whether it is effective as a mechanism for the protection of human rights and whether there is a need to create an international treaty as a means of linking States And Companies in the protection and reparation in cases of violation of Human Rights. For this research was used the hypothetical inductive method and bibliographical survey aims to demonstrate the current state and possible mechanisms for protection of human rights in violations by companies.
A presente pesquisa científica visa traçar um paralelo entre os Princípios Orientadores da ONU para Empresas e Direitos Humanos e sua efetividade como mecanismos de proteção aos Direitos Humanos nas violações cometidas por Empresas. Para tanto, inicia-se o trabalho com a teoria clássica de Alberto Asquini sobre empresas traçando um paralelo com teorias contemporâneas sobre empresas e a necessidade de proteção aos direitos humanos, sua responsabilidade social e sustentável pelo tripé econômico. Após será feito um estudo descritivo sobre os mecanismos de proteção aos direitos humanos da ONU, e quais os mecanismos de acesso e procedimentos regulatórios para reparar os casos em que houver violação. Por fim irá se aprofundar nos Princípios Orientadores da ONU para Empresas e Direitos Humanos e a pergunta central do tema, se há efetividade como mecanismo de proteção aos Direitos humanos, e se há a necessidade de se criar um tratado internacional como meio de se vincular Estados e Empresas na proteção e reparação nos casos de violação aos Direitos Humanos. Para esta pesquisa foi utilizando-se do método hipotético indutivo e levantamento bibliográfico pretende demonstrar o estado atual e possíveis mecanismos de proteção aos Direitos Humanos nas violações por empresas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sobral, Beatriz Plácido Garradas Alves. "Estudo da influência das matérias-primas para a redução da acrilamida na bolacha laminada do tipo Maria." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18340.

Full text

Abstract:

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / UL
Em 2002, a presença de acrilamida foi identificada pela primeira vez em produtos alimentares processados como por exemplo na bolacha Maria e foi classificada como possivelmente carcinogénica em humanos pela Agência Internacional de Investigação sobre o Cancro. O Regulamento (UE) 2017/2158 da comissão de 20 de novembro de 2017 estabelece medidas de mitigação e níveis de referência para a redução da presença de acrilamida em géneros alimentícios. O estudo consistiu essencialmente em três etapas: otimização do binómio temperatura/tempo de cozedura do forno laboratorial, estudo preliminar para a escolha de bolachas para a deteção e quantificação da acrilamida e deteção e quantificação da acrilamida propriamente dita
N/A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Righetti, Karima Maria. "Study of Rsm/Gac post-transcriptional regulation by quorum sensing, extracellular and intracellular signals in Pseugomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13853/.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacteria have evolved ways to sense and respond to changes in their population density through quorum sensing (QS) systems, and to adapt to changes in the extracellular environment through two component systems (TCS). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, QS and the GacS/GacA TCS are global regulatory systems that modulate the expression of virulence genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, respectively. Although in P. aeruginosa the QS network has been extensively characterized, the way the Gac/Rsm global regulatory system is regulated is still unclear. The study of QS and Gac/Rsm networks is crucial for the development of new drugs able to interfere with these regulatory systems. This thesis is dedicated to the study of the Gac/Rsm global regulatory system and its interaction with the QS network. An introduction to these systems is presented in Chapter 1. The materials and methods used in this study are described in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3 the methods to detect and identify the extracellular signals modulating Gac/Rsm system are investigated. This analysis led to the identification of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) molecule, which is responsible for the activation of the gene coding for the small RNA RsmZ. RsmZ (in synergy with RsmY) antagonises by titration the effects of the global post-transcriptional regulator RsmA, a small RNA-binding protein which targets specific mRNAs. Since the discovery of QS, there have been many studies showing the importance of this type of regulatory mechanism in the global transcriptional control of gene expression. However, there has been no clear evidence to attribute to QS a key role in post-transcriptional regulation of terminal gene targets. In Chapter 4, the importance of PQS in the control of lecA is demonstrated. lecA encodes for the PA-I galactophilic lectin protein whose translation rates is modulated by the activity of the regulatory small RNA rsmZ in concert with RsmA. These results demonstrate that QS not only controls terminal target gene expression at the transcriptional level, but also at the translational level. Using a genetic bank, a transposon mutagenesis and a promoter pull-down approach, new regulators were identified together with regulatory networks involved in the modulation of the global Gac/Rsm system. These results are described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 is focused on the effect of a library of compounds available in our laboratory, for their QS-inhibiting potential. The conclusions and future directions are presented in Chapter 7.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bonnifet, Valentin. "Prédiction du phénomène de tremblement sur un profil d'aile avec une approche LES de type PANS-RSM." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS389.

Full text

Abstract:

L'objectif de cette étude est le developpement d'un modèle de sous-maille à équations de transport pour la simulation aux grandes échelles. Le modèle de sous-maille est développé par analogie avec le modèle statistique du second ordre proposé par Gerolymos-Lo-Vallet-Younis. Un paramètre de contrôle constant y est introduit afin de régler la quantité d'énergie cinétique turbulente modélisée par le modèle de sous-maille. Ce paramètre permet un passage continue entre la résolution directe et statistique des équations de Navier-Stokes. Cette approche à la capacité de prédire correctement des écoulements turbulents avec un maillage spatio-temporel plus grossier qu'avec l'approche de la simulation au grandes échelles classique utilisant des modèles de sous-maille algébriques. La méthode proposée est utilisée pour simuler un écoulement transsonique autour du profil d'aile OAT15A. Pour les conditions d'entrées étudiées, cet écoulement est le siège d'une interaction onde de choc couche limite turbulente sur l'extrados du profil d'aile provoquant une oscillation auto-entretenue de la position de l'onde de choc. Les résultats montrent que l'approche développée est apte à reproduire le mouvement de l'onde de choc. Une analyse des grandeurs filtrées de l'écoulement, des corrélations turbulentes ainsi que de l'impact du paramètre de contrôle est présentée. Enfin, cette étude énonce des suggestions de développement pour améliorer le modèle de sous-maille proposé en utilisant un paramètre de contrôle inhomogène en espace et/ou en temps
This PhD was devoted to develop a Large Eddy Simulation subgrid scale model based on transport equations. The subgrid scale model is built in the same manner as second order statistical model suggested by Gerolymos-Lo-Vallet-Younis. A constant control parameter has been introduced to tune the amount of turbulent kinetic energy handled by subgrid scale model. This parameter allows a bridging from Direct Numerical Simulation to Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes. This approach can correctly predict turbulent flow with coarser grid and time step than canonical Large Eddy Simulation based on algebraic subgrid scale models where subgrid length scale corresponds to Taylor micro scale. Indeed, the subgrid scale model handles a large part of turbulent kinetic energy in the boundary layer.Transonic flow simulation around OAT15A airfoil is carried out using the suggested approach. On particular inflow conditions, the shock-wave shows a self-sustained motion on the airfoil upper side resulting from the shock-wave boundary layer interaction. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes is not able to predict averaged field because this large unsteadiness is undeterministic and an LES approach is needed. According to the results, the suggested approach can handle shock-wave motion. Filtered flow field, turbulent correlation and control parameter impact analysis are presented. Finally, development ways are suggested in order to improve the subgrid scale model using inhomogeneous control parameter in space and/or time

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Olya, Mohammad Ebrahim. "Contribution à l'étude du procédé de dégradation des colorants synthétiques par les méthodes d'oxydation chimique et d'oxydation avancée UV/H2O2." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MULH3057.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette étude a porté sur la dégradation des colorants synthétiques par les méthodes d’oxydation chimique en utilisant le permanganate de potassium et d’oxydation avancée UV/H2O2. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la décoloration des colorants étudiés est très rapide par l’effet oxydant du permanganate de potassium dans les conditions opérationnelles optimales mais la minéralisation des colorants est incomplète. L’étude de procédé de minéralisation des colorants dans les réacteurs photochimique annulaires par UV/H2O2 montre que ce procédé est très efficace pour dégrader ces colorants. Dans ce procédé, le choix des conditions opératoires et la configuration des réacteurs sont importants. L’étude d’un procédé hybride d’oxydation chimique par KMnO4 et d’oxydation avancée UV/H2O2 a montré une efficacité accrue par rapport au procédé UV/H2O2 seul. L’estimation de la consommation d’énergie électrique pour le taux de minéralisation équivalent, présente une diminution considérable du coût de procédé. La méthodologie de surface de réponse (RSM) a été utilisée afin d’optimiser et modéliser les procédés
This work is about the degradation of some synthetic dyes by the chemical oxidation method using KMnO4 and UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process. Decolourisation of the dyes by potassium permanganate under optimal condition is very rapid but a complete dye mineralization is not obtained. The results show that despite of its high cost; UV/H2O2 is an effective method to achieve the dyes mineralization. So, an appropriate combination of these two methods could granite high amount of mineralization with a reasonable cost. The operational conditions and hydrodynamic behaviour of the reactors are very important to optimise the process. Efficiency study of the combined method KMnO4/UV/H2O2, as well as the economic calculations show, this process can be used to increase the rate of dyes degradation and reduce notably the cost of electrical energy consumed for the process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used as a modelling and optimizing method

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sternlund, Simon. "Korrelationen mellan fotgängares skador i verkliga olyckor och Euro NCAPs testresultat för fotgängarskydd." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74763.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the present study was to estimate the correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian rating scores and injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes, with special focus on long-term disability. The study also surveyed most frequently injured body regions and risk differences for specific elements of pedestrians hit by cars. Another aim was to determine whether Brake Assist systems affect the injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes and to estimate the effect in injury reduction of a high Euro NCAP ranking score combined with Brake Assist. In the current study, the Euro NCAP pedestrian scoring was compared with the real-life outcome in pedestrian crashes that occurred in Sweden 2003-2010. The real-life crash data was obtained from the data acquisition system STRADA, which combines police records and hospital admission data. The medical data consisted of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) diagnoses and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scoring. In all approximately 500 pedestrians submitted to hospital were included in the study. Each car model was coded according to Euro NCAP pedestrian scores. In addition, the presence or absence of Brake Assist (BA) was coded for each car involved. Pedestrians were grouped according to associated car scoring. Injury outcomes were analyzed with AIS and, at victim level, with permanent medical impairment. This was done by translating the injury scores for each individual to Risk of Serious Consequences (RSC) at 1, 5 and 10% level of medical disability or more. This indicates the total risk of a medical disability for each victim, given the severity and location of injuries. The mean RSC (mrsc) was then calculated for each pedestrian group and t-tests were conducted to ensure statistically significant differences in mrsc between groups. The results showed a significant reduction of injury severity for pedestrians hit by cars with better pedestrian scoring, although pedestrians hit by cars with a high score (three or four stars) could not be studied, due to lack of cases. The reduction of RSC for pedestrians hit by medium performing (two-star) cars in comparison with pedestrians hit by low performing (one-star) cars was 12, 19 and 28% for 1 ,5 and 10% of medical impairment or more, respectively. These results applied to speed limits up to 90 km/h. In urban areas with speed limits up to 50 km/h the reduction of RSC was 17, 26 and 38% for 1, 5 and 10% of medical impairment or more, respectively. Car to pedestrian crashes was most common at speed limits up to 50 km/h and leg, arm and head were the most frequently injured body regions. RSC for pedestrians hit by cars with Brake Assist was not statistically significant lower than for pedestrians hit by cars without Brake Assist. RSC for pedestrians hit by two-star cars with Brake Assist was 19, 31 and 46% lower for 1, 5 and 10% of medical impairment or more, respectively, compared to pedestrians hit by one-star cars without Brake Assist. A significant correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian score and injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes was found. The injury reduction was found to be larger for higher severity and level of permanent medical impairment. Car to pedestrian crashes was most common at lower speed zones. Leg, arm and head were the most frequently injured body regions. Brake Assist had no statistically significant effect measured in RSC on car to pedestrian crashes in this material. A high Euro NCAP scoring combined with Brake Assist was shown to give a high effect in reduction of RSC for pedestrians.
Syftet med denna studie var att uppskatta korrelationen mellan Euro NCAPs testresultat för fotgängarskydd och skadeutfall i verkliga olyckor med fotgängare och personbilar, med särskilt fokus på skador som ger medicinsk invaliditet. I studien kartlades även de mest frekvent skadade kroppsregionerna och riskskillnader för särskilda faktorer för fotgängare påkörda av personbilar. Studien syftar dessutom till att undersöka bromsassistanssystems påverkan av skadeutfallet för fotgängare i verkliga olyckor med personbil och att uppskatta den skadereducerande effekten av en hög Euro NCAP-poäng kombinerat med en bromsassistansutrustning. I denna studie var Euro NCAPs fotgängarskyddspoäng jämförd mot skadeutfallet i verkliga olyckor som skett i Sverige 2003-2010. Data från verkliga olyckor inhämtades från databasen STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) som kombinerar polis- och sjukvårdsrapporterad data. De medicinska data innehåller diagnoser av typen ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) och värden för AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale). I helhet var omkring 500 fotgängare inkluderade i studien. Varje enskild personbilmodell kodades enligt Euro NCAPs fotgängarskyddspoäng. Dessutom kodades förekomst eller avsaknad av bromsassistansutrustning för varje enskild personbil inkluderad i studien. Fotgängarna grupperades enligt påkörande personbils fotgängarskyddspoäng. Skadeutfallet analyserades med AIS, på individnivå och med medicinsk invaliditet. Detta gjordes genom översättning av skadeutfall för varje fotgängare till risk för allvarliga konsekvenser (RSC, Risk of Serious Consequences) på 1, 5 och 10 % medicinsk invaliditet eller mer. Detta påvisar den totala risken för medicinsk invaliditet med hänsyn till skadegrad och -lokalisering. Medelvärdet av RSC (mrsc) beräknades sedan för varje fotgängargrupp och t-test utfördes för att säkerställa statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan gruppernas mrsc. Resultaten visade en signifikant skadereduktion för fotgängare påkörda av personbilar med en högre fotgängarskyddspoäng, trots att fotgängarolyckor med personbilar som har hög poäng (stjärnbetyg tre och fyra) inte kunde studeras på grund av fåtaligt antal olycksfall. Reduktionen av RCS för fotgängare påkörda av medelpresterande (stjärnbetyg två) personbilar i jämförelse med fotgängare påkörda av lågpresterande (stjärnbetyg ett) personbilar var 12, 19 och 28 % för 1, 5 respektive 10 % medicinsk invaliditet eller mer. Dessa resultat gäller olyckor på vägar med hastighetsgräns upp till 90 km/h. I stadsmiljö med hastighetsgräns upp till 50 km/h var reduktionen av RSC 17, 26 och 38 % för 1, 5 respektive 10 % medicinsk invaliditet eller mer. Fotgängarolyckor med personbil var vanligast på vägar med hastighetsgräns upp till 50 km/h och ben, arm och huvud var de mest frekvent skadade kroppsregionerna. RSC för fotgängare påkörda av personbilar utrustade med bromsassistans var inte statistiskt signifikant lägre än för fotgängare påkörda av personbilar utan bromsassistansutrustning. RSC för fotgängare påkörda av tvåstjärniga personbilar utrustade med bromsassistans var 19, 31 och 46 % lägre för 1, 5 respektive 10 % medicinsk invaliditet eller mer jämfört med fotgängare påkörda av enstjärniga personbilar utan bromsassistansutrustning. En signifikant korrelation mellan Euro NCAPs fotgängarpoäng och skadeutfall i verkliga fotgängarolyckor med personbil påträffades. Skadereduktionen visade sig vara högre för högre skadegrad och nivå av medicinsk invaliditet. Det var vanligare att personbilar kör på fotgängare på vägar med lägre hastighetsgräns. Ben, arm och huvud var de mest frekvent skadade kroppsregionerna. Bromsassistans hade inte en statistiskt signifikant effekt mätt i RSC för fotgängarolyckor i detta material. En hög Euro NCAP poäng kombinerat med bromsassistansutrustning visade sig ge en hög effekt av att reducera fotgängares RSC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Beck, Tanya M. "Tracking Sediment Bypassing, Geomorphological Analysis, and Regional Sediment Management at Tidal Inlets." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7741.

Full text

Abstract:

Tidal inlets on sandy shorelines separate barrier islands and serve as a conduit for transport of sand and water between embayments and oceans, seas, or other tidally influenced waterbodies. Tides and waves induce currents along the coastline that transport sediment across-shore and alongshore. Coastal managers must optimize barrier-inlet system stability while conserving limited sediment resources, and often base management decisions and engineering design upon geomorphic and numerical models that predict the morphological behavior of tidal inlets on short-to-medium timescales (years to decades). The overall goal of this study was threefold. First, to provide science-based practical guidance for regional sediment management in the vicinity of tidal inlets. Secondly, to enhance the understanding of the temporal and spatial scales of sediment pathways in these regions through numerical simulation of traced sediment transport. And, third, to combine these lessons learned in both regional sediment management and analysis of morphodynamic and sediment bypassing pathways with application to a common practical management practice of inlet shoal mining and adjacent beach placement. The temporal and spatial scales controlling the morphodynamics of barrier-inlet systems were reviewed within a regional sediment management context. Next, the application of regional sediment management methods to case studies of multiple barrier-inlet systems in West-Central Florida led to the development of a decision-support tool for regional sediment management (RSM) as applied to barrier-inlet systems. Connecting multiple barrier islands and inlets at appropriate spatio-temporal scales is critical in developing an appropriately scoped sediment management plan for a barrier-inlet system. Evaluating sediment bypassing capacity and overall inlet morphodynamics can better inform regional sand sharing along barrier-inlet coastlines; particularly where sediment resources are scarce and a close coupling between inlet dredging and beach placement is vital to long-term sustainable management. Continued sea-level rise and anthropogenic activities may intensify the need for investigating longer-term processes and expanding regional planning at a centennial timescale, and are acknowledged as challenging tasks for RSM studies going forward. A regionally focused, multi-inlet study was necessary to improve the management plans for the case study inlets (from north to south): John’s Pass, Blind Pass, Pass-a-Grille Inlet, and Bunces Pass. Key recommendations based on the case studies include: 1) allow the natural sediment bypassing to be re-established at Blind Pass inlet through reduced ebb-tidal delta mining, 2) reduce the interruption to sediment bypassing at John’s Pass and Pass-a-Grille inlets through an improved design of the dredged mining areas located along sediment bypassing pathways, 3) allow for continued natural sediment bypassing at Bunces Pass, and, 4) incorporate the cyclic sediment bypassing through swash-bar attachment into the management plan at Bunces Pass and adjacent barrier-islands. Similar systems in other regions may benefit from the lessons derived in this case study of an adaptively managed multi-inlet system. A numerical model that computes hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphodynamics including bed layering was incorporated in this study to analyze sediment transport pathways between littoral sources from adjacent beaches and the geomorphic features of an idealized tidal inlet designed to imitate the John’s Pass tidal inlet in West-central Florida, USA. This study developed a methodology to numerically trace sediment transport, deposition and erosion. This method was applied to investigate sediment-bypassing pathways under varying temporal and spatial scales. The analyses of the adjacent beach’s contribution to tidal inlet sediment bypassing demonstrated variable temporal scales on sediment transport and exchange. High-energy wave events dominated the temporal scale for sand to be transported from the updrift beach to the ebb-tidal delta, whereas cyclical tidal processes had a significant influence on the spatial pattern of exchange between the shoals and channel features of the tidal inlet. The ability to simulate burial and erosion of tracers allowed identification of offshore sedimentation hotspots such as terminal lobe as well as zones of deposition and active transport in shallow water, such as the updrift channel margin linear bar and the downdrift platform of the ebb-tidal delta. The general sediment-bypassing pathway reflected a tidal-driven redistribution following event-driven pulses of wave-induced sediment mobilization. Sediment was transported along the beach during these energetic wave events. Flood- and ebb-tidal currents transported the sediment mobilized by high waves into the inlet channels. This was followed by subsequent gradual redistribution of the deposited channel sediments over the ebb-tidal delta features during fair-weather conditions. The modeling methods were then applied to investigate the sediment pathways and bypassing processes for three validated numerical models of coastal tidal inlets that span a range of forcing conditions. The processes that influence sediment transport along various pathways between the several morphological features of each inlet and its adjacent beaches were examined. The sediment tracing methodology employed in this study allowed for an evaluation of the sediment transport pathways between the various morphologic features of a tidal inlet, as well as their respective processes that drive the exchange of sediments. Characterizing and correlating the sediment pathways between tidal inlet morphologic features can improve the inlet reservoir model, which is a predictive model of inlet shoal volumes based on empirical formulae. The results of this study illustrate the value of including sediment-tracking techniques in simulating sediment bypassing and the potential of this application to inform coastal engineering and design modifications to sediment reservoirs of tidal inlets. And, finally, the spatial patterns of transport and erosion and deposition of traced, littoral source sediment, were investigated using the same modeling framework to evaluate the design of ebb-tidal delta mining on sediment bypassing dynamics of a tidal inlet system based on an idealized model of John’s Pass, Florida. Seven mining areas were simulated with traced sediment sources from the updrift beach, downdrift beach, and adjacent shoals. The tracers’ migration pattern and mining area infilling were analyzed to depict the sediment bypassing pathways and their contributions to mining area infilling. Mining area recovery rates were highest along the channel margin linear bar, and decrease offshore and downdrift. Updrift sand sources contributed more to mining area infilling than downdrift sand sources. The position of the mining area in relation to the updrift or downdrift morphological features dictates whether it will receive primarily updrift- or downdrift-originating littoral sediment from the beach. The source of sedimentation within the mining areas is a combination of inlet-ward transport of beach sediment and nearby shoal sediment. Proximity to the inlet channel determined the degree to which sedimentation had originated from longshore transported beach sediment. This methodology can improve confidence in management decisions concerned with the sand-sharing capacity of barrier-inlet systems in a local and regional context.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wagner, Felix [Verfasser]. "Structure of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeller RSC bound to a nucleosome and implications for chromatin remodelling / Felix Wagner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213974984/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Rowe, Claire E. "The ATP-dependent remodeler RSC transfers histone dimers and octamers through the rapid formation of an unstable encounter intermediate." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3398883.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Schaffner, Michael Andrew. "Designing systems for many possible futures : the RSC-based method for affordable concept selection (RMACS), with multi-era analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90796.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 175-178).
The current downward trend in funding for U.S. defense systems seems to be on a collision course with the state of the practice in systems engineering, which typically results in the increased pace and scale of capabilities and resultantly increased cost of complex national defense systems. Recent advances in the state of the art in systems engineering methodology can be leveraged to address this growing challenge. The present work leverages advanced constructs and methods for early-phase conceptual design of complex systems, when committed costs are still low and management influence is still high. First, a literature review is presented of the topics relevant to this work, including approaches to the design of affordable systems, assumptions and methods of exploratory modeling, and enabling techniques to help mitigate the computational challenges involved. The types, purposes, and limits of early-phase, exploratory models are then elucidated. The RSC-based Method for Affordable Concept Selection (RMACS) is described, which comprises nine processes in the three main thrusts of information gathering, evaluation, and analysis. The method is then applied to a naval ship case example, described as the Next-Generation Combat Ship, with representational information outputs and discussions of affordability with respect to each process. The ninth process, Multi-Era Analysis (MERA), is introduced and explicated, including required and optional informational components, temporal and change-related considerations, required and optional activities involved, and the potential types of outputs from the process. The MERA process is then applied to a naval ship case example similar to that of the RMACS application, but with discrete change options added to enable a tradespace network. The seven activities of the MERA process are demonstrated, with the salient outputs of each given and discussed. Additional thoughts are presented on MERA and RMACS, and 8 distinct areas are identified for further research in the MERA process, along with a brief description of the directions that such research might take. It is concluded that the affordability of complex systems can be better enabled through a conceptual design method that incorporates MERA as well as metrics such as Multi-Attribute Expense, Max Expense, and Expense Stability. It is also found that affordability of changeable systems can be better enabled through the use of existing path-planning algorithms in efficient evaluation and analysis of long-term strategies. Finally, it is found that MERA enables the identification and analysis of path-dependent considerations related to designs, epochs, strategies, and change options, in many possible futures.
by Michael Andrew Schaffner.
S.M.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Izquierdo, Camarena Naide. "Propuesta de remodelación del actual sitio de disposición final de residuos sólidos municipales (RSM) en Capulhuac, Estado de México." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/58610.

Full text

Abstract:

Estudiar los residuos sólidos es un tema prioritario, en el municipio se c ue n t a p ero el mal manejo de la administración municipal ha provocado el descuido y decadente funcionalidad del residuo sólido , otro problema es que fue diseñado, pero no hay estudio que avale que fue realizado para soportar bastantes cantidades de residuos sólido s que se desecharon a diario. Este proyecto puede aportar bastante al área de las Ciencias Ambientales, por mencionar algunas: programa de mejor manejo de los residuos sólidos, aplicar el proceso de gestión de residuos sólidos, control de los lixiviados, ya que se pueden afectar los mantos acuíferos al no tener un lugar apropiado para ellos, la edafología nos ayudaría para saber si el suelo es apropiado para poder establecer el sitio en ese lugar o buscar otro, la hidrología será útil para saber si el luga r está cerca de un pozo o zona donde se pueda extraer agua y esta pueda estar contaminada, ya que hoy en día el medio ambiente es un tema prioritario en cualquier parte del mundo principalmente en el municipio que no cuenta con un sitio de disposición fina l.
Para comprender la importancia que tienen los Residuos Sólidos Municipales (RSM) hay que entenderlos como una consecuencia de las actividades humanas. Dependiendo del lugar o espacio en el cual se almacenen o depositen y del uso final o valor que se le asigne a un objeto o desecho, se tratará de subproductos reciclables, reutilizables o bien que sean considerados como inútiles o inservibles, el término residuo sólido se aplica a todo material de desecho excepto los residuos peligrosos, los líquidos y las emisiones atmosféricas. En esta última época el término de desecho sólido se refiere a aquellos que no son considerados como residuos peligrosos 1 .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

SACCARO, STEFANO. "Applicazione di tecniche DoE e RSM per la stima degli effetti del trattamento plasma e laser su giunti incollati." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1084668.

Full text

Abstract:

The path undertaken during these three years of Ph.D. focused on two main areas of study: - identifying the effect of low-pressure plasma (LPP) surface treatment parameters on the lap shear strength of adhesive bonded joints made using different substrates. - To determine the optimal laser treatment settings as a surface preparation method for CFRP before bonding. A ytterbium-doped fiber laser source was used in combination with a scanning system. Specifically, for the first point under investigation, four different polymer substrates were considered: 5- and 7-layer carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), polyamide 6 and 6.6 (PA6 and PA6.6). To study the effects of the two input parameters, namely power and treatment time, two-level factorial designs were used for each substrate type. The analysis was carried out considering different types of processing gas. The objective function studied was the tensile strength (TSS) of bonded joints. For each set of joints, shear strength values were compared using the DoE approach in order to detect any systematic behavior between different substrates. Finally, it was possible to identify the set-up parameters that gave the best performance in terms of shear strength, considering any equivalent conditions from a statistical point of view. This aspect is particularly important in view of the optimization of production cycle processes; in fact, it allows the maximization of joint efficiency by limiting the energy cost for treatment. In the second part of the study, DoE was used to model the tensile shear strength (TSS) of glued joints and to study the effects of varying three parameters, namely power, pitch and lateral overlap. The analysis was performed considering different focal distances. For each set of joints, shear strength values were modeled using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in order to identify the best performing set-up parameters, considering any statistically equivalent condition. Regression models also allow prediction of joint behavior for parameter settings not tested experimentally. This is particularly important in view of process optimization of the production cycle; in fact, it allows maximizing the efficiency of the joint while limiting the energy cost for treatment. In order to achieve the results obtained, I had the opportunity to join a proven working group composed of Prof. Lucia Cassettari and Chiara Mandolfino, among others, and to complete a Ph.D. course that, in addition to having contributed to the achievement of important goals in the field of research, has undoubtedly led to an increase in the know-how and skills I developed in my previous graduate studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lalaouna, David. "Role d' ARN non codants régulateurs dans l' adaptation de Pseudomonas brassicacearum à la rhizosphère et aux fluctuations de l' environnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4006.

Full text

Abstract:

Pseudomonas brassicacearum a la particularité de générer une diversité intraclonale aussi bien in vitro qu'en conditions naturelles dans la rhizosphère de plantes. Ce phénomène de variation phénotypique commun chez les bactéries est un processus d'adaptation aux environnements changeants. Des données de transcriptomique issues de puces à ADN, contenant aussi bien des séquences codantes que non codantes, nous ont permis d'identifier les gènes dont l'expression est altérée et surtout de relier ce phénomène à l'expression d'ARN non codants régulateurs (ARNnc) de type Rsm qui sont sous le contrôle du système à deux composants GacS/GacA. Nous avons montré que des mutations ponctuelles dans les gènes gacS ou gacA sont à l'origine de cette variation phénotypique et que l'expression de l'un des trois gènes rsmX, rsmY ou rsmZ permet de restaurer le phénotype de la souche sauvage. L'importance de ces ARNnc dans la survie de la bactérie aux fluctuations de son environnement est dénotée par la duplication de rsmX en un gène que nous avons nommé rsmX-2, dont la fonction a été validée. Nos données suggèrent une activation exclusive des gènes rsmX-1 et rsmX-2 par GacA et l'intervention de régulateurs additionnels dans le cas de rsmY et rsmZ. Au vu de la redondance fonctionnelle de ces quatre ARNnc, nous avons investigué leur niveau d'expression et leur stabilité dans différentes conditions de culture et montré des différences pour les quatre ARNnc. En réponse à une carence en nutriments, l'expression des ARNnc Rsm est fortement activée et atteint son maximum quand le ppGpp est détecté dans le milieu, suggérant un lien entre le système Gac/Rsm et la réponse « stringente »
The plant-beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas brassicacearum forms phenotypic variants in vitro as well as in planta during root colonisation under natural conditions. Transcriptome analysis of typical phenotypic variants using microarrays containing coding as well as non-coding DNA fragments showed differential expression of several genes relevant to secondary metabolism and of the small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes rsmX, rsmY and rsmZ, which was characterized by down-regulation. Naturally occurring mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component system accounted for phenotypic switching. The importance of these ncRNAs in the survival of the bacteria to changing environments is denoted by the duplication of rsmX gene, which we called rsmX-2 and whose function has been validated. Our data suggest an exclusive activation of rsmX-1 and rsmX-2 genes by GacA and the involvement of additional regulators in the case of rsmY and rsmZ. Given the functional redundancy of these ncRNAs, we investigated their expression level and stability in different culture conditions and showed differences for the four ncRNAs. In response to nutrient depletion, the four ncRNAs expression is strongly activated and reaches its maximum when the ppGpp is detected in bacterial cells, suggesting a link between the Gac/Rsm system and the "stringent" response. Determining the level of each Rsm ncRNA, which is defined by a balance between synthesis and degradation of each transcript, shows the maintenance of a very important pool of RsmZ compared to other ncRNAs

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mukhopadhyay, Achira. "Bioconversion of paper mill lignocellulosic materials to lactic acid using cellulase enzyme complex and microbial cultures." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2332.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RSCM'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles