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Journal articles on the topic 'Royal Government of Bhutan'
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1
Lham, Dechen, Sonam Wangchuk, Sue Stolton, and Nigel Dudley. "Assessing the effectiveness of a protected area network: a case study of Bhutan." Oryx 53, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001508.
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AbstractAn assessment of management effectiveness was carried out for all the protected areas in the Kingdom of Bhutan. During 2014–2016 the Royal Government of Bhutan developed a custom-made tool for assessing management effectiveness: the Bhutan Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool Plus (Bhutan METT +). This was implemented in Bhutan's 10 protected areas and one botanical park, and the results were verified through field trips and expert reviews. The assessment indicates that protected areas in Bhutan are well managed and there are generally good relationships with local communities, despite an increase in livestock predation and crop damage. However, effectiveness is limited by a low level of resources (both financial and appropriate technical resources) and by gaps in monitoring and research data, which limits the ability to understand the impact of conservation, react to changing conditions and undertake adaptive management to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Bhutan is in the midst of mobilizing considerable conservation funding. The Government is working in partnership with WWF to create an innovative funding mechanism for the protected area system: the Bhutan for Life initiative. The Bhutan METT + study provides an example of how to develop a baseline against which to measure the effectiveness of protected areas over time and assess the impact of conservation inputs.
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Naveed, Ayesha, and Damber Kumar Nirola. "Mental health in Bhutan." International Psychiatry 9, no. 1 (February 2012): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600002915.
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The Kingdom of Bhutan lies in the folds of the eastern Himalayas, sandwiched between India to the south and China to the north. It has a total area of 38394 km2, which is roughly the size of Switzerland, and a population of a little over 70 0000 (Royal Government of Bhutan, 2002). It is a mountainous country, except for a small flat strip in the southern foothills. The official language is Dzongha, but English is widely spoken. English is the medium of instruction from pre-primary level onwards. In 1999 Bhutan allowed viewing of television and use of the internet, as a step towards modernisation. In the early 20th century, Bhutan came into contact with the British Empire; Bhutan maintains strong bilateral relations with India. Business Week magazine in 2006 rated Bhutan the happiest country in Asia and the eighth happiest in the world, based on a global survey. Bhutan is in fact the only country where happiness is measured in the form of an index, ‘Gross National Happiness’. The main religion practised in the country is Buddhism, with Hinduism as the second most prevalent. The capital and largest city is Thimphu. In 2007, Bhutan made the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, and held its first general election in 2008. Bhutan is a member of the United Nations and of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC); it hosted the 16th SAARC summit in April 2010.
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Dendup, Pema. "Laying Foundation to Advertisement Genre: An Analysis of Job Advertisement Discourse Made by the Royal Civil Service Commission of Bhutan." Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i1.5821.
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To lay foundation in the literature related to the genre of advertisements, this paper is a synchronic approach to study the job advertisements made by the Royal Civil Service Commission (RCSC) of Bhutan. RCSC is the major recruiting agency of civil servants into a government job. As mandated, RCSC recruits thousands of fresh employees annually. RCSC features its job-related announcements in the media, mainly the Bhutan Broadcasting Service, the mainstream media and also in its official website. The data of this study was the ‘Vacancy Announcement’ dated January 8, 2020, featured in RCSC website and the analysis of the data was based on Swale’s (1990) Six Defining Characteristics of Discourse Community. The results showcased Bhutan as a bilingual society for informing the citizens as the job advertisements were delivered in both Dzongkha and English. RCSC’s format of job advertisement employed the common format used by most of the organisations. This study points that there is a need to look into some elements used by other organisations. Therefore, this study recommends RCSC, as the major recruiting agency in Bhutan, to incorporate other missing elements of job advertisement.
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Jena, Prakash Chandra. "Status and Functioning of Distance Education in Bhutan: An Evaluative Study." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 21 (February 2014): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.21.91.
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Bhutan is a small, landlocked country in southern Asia, between China and India. Its population is 634,982, and it covers 38,394 square kilometers. It has one of the world's smallest and least developed economies. Agriculture, forestry, and hydroelectric power provide the main sources of income for 90 % of the population. International agencies are currently supporting a number of educational, social, and environmental programs. In 2003, the higher education sector in Bhutan was reorganized through the creation of the Royal University of Bhutan bringing together eight higher education institutes and two teacher education institutions, including the National Institute of Education (NIE) in Samtse, which is in the southern border of Bhutan with India. Recently, the NIE was renamed as Samtse College of Education and the Paro College of Education in the west. The Royal University of Bhutan, founded on 2nd June, 2003 by a royal decree is the national university system of Bhutan. It was established to consolidate the management of tertiary education in Bhutan. It is a decentralized university with 10 constituent colleges spread across the kingdom. The present study focuses the growth and functioning of distance education in Bhutan.
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GYELTSHEN, T., V. J. KALKMAN, and A. G. ORR. "Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae)." Zootaxa 4244, no. 4 (March 22, 2017): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.9.
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Megalestes gyalsey spec. nov. is described from a single male from Trongsa District in Bhutan. The species was discovered during field work conducted in 2015 for the Bhutan invertebrate biodiversity project. The species is named in honour of His Royal Highness Crown Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, the Gyalsey of Bhutan, on the occasion of his first birthday.
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Whitecross, Richard W. "Bhutan in 2019." Asian Survey 60, no. 1 (January 2020): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.1.204.
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Bhutan in 2019 was dominated by the change of government in late 2018, better diplomatic relations with India, and cultivation of relations with China. The economy was strong, with the country due to graduate from least developed country status in 2023, though unemployment is a concern.
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Tempa, Tshering, Mark Hebblewhite, L. Scott Mills, Tshewang R. Wangchuk, Nawang Norbu, Tenzin Wangchuk, Tshering Nidup, et al. "Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan: a hot spot for wild felids." Oryx 47, no. 2 (April 2013): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001317.
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AbstractThe non-uniformity of the distribution of biodiversity makes allocation of the limited resources available for conservation of biodiversity a difficult task. Approaches such as biodiversity hotspot identification, endemic bird areas, crisis ecoregions, global 200 ecoregions, and the Last of the Wild are used by scientists and international conservation agencies to prioritize conservation efforts. As part of the biodiverse Eastern Himalayan region, Bhutan has been identified as a conservation priority area by all these different approaches, yet data validating these assessments are limited. To examine whether Bhutan is a biodiversity hot spot for a key taxonomic group, we conducted camera trapping in the lower foothills of Bhutan, in Royal Manas National Park, from November 2010 to February 2011. We recorded six species of wild felids of which five are listed on the IUCN Red List: tiger Panthera tigris, golden cat Pardofelis temminckii, marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata, leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa and common leopard Panthera pardus. Our study area of 74 km2 has c. 16% of felid species, confirming Bhutan as a biodiversity hot spot for this group.
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Dhendup, Tashi, and Rinzin Dorji. "First record of the Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae) from western Bhutan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 11 (November 26, 2017): 10959. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3791.9.11.10959-10960.
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The Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine, known to be one of the rarest porcupines in South Asia was first recorded in Bhutan at Royal Manas National Park in 2010. This paper reports the occurrence of the species in western Bhutan in Gedu Territorial Forest Division and is the second record from the country.
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Singh, Dr Kriti Bhaswar. "Credit Risk Management in Royal Insurance Corporation of Bhutan Limited (RICBL) and Bhutan Insurance Limited (BIL): Comparative study." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (December 8, 2019): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.14023.
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Credit risk is one of the main risks that affects banking as well as non-banking institution in an economy. The present research work aims to evaluate credit risk management practices of Royal Insurance Corporation of Bhutan Limited and Bhutan insurance limited, currently only two insurance companies in Bhutan. Primary data using structured questionnaire is collected. Analysis of the data reveals the key area which needs appraisal and modification to improve organization’s asset quality. Among ten variables identified as obstacle in CRM tested, majority of obstacle in CRM is due to lack of risk awareness and stringent regulatory requirement which was perceived by the employees of both organizations.
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Gyamtso, Deki C., Kezang Sherab, and T. Maxwell. "Research at the Royal University of Bhutan and ways forward." Journal of Global Education and Research 4, no. 2 (December 2020): 154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2577-509x.4.2.1094.
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The Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) was formed by an amalgamation of teaching institutions in 2003. RUB policy requires research; however, studies have shown that RUB faculty are variable in their response to the requirement to add research to their workload. While improvements have been made, challenges to research output have been identified. This article sets out recent developments in research at RUB. Data were gathered through an online survey of RUB faculty (n = 206) and semi-structured interviews with the college Presidents (n = 5) and Deans of Research and Industrial Linkages (n = 8). Findings show that improvement continues, but many challenges remain including some that were identified in prior research. Suggestions for ways to improve research processes and some future research projects are presented.
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Shneiderman, Sara, and Mark Turin. "Nepal and Bhutan in 2011." Asian Survey 52, no. 1 (January 2012): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2012.52.1.138.
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Abstract Nepal's political transition to a democratic federal republic remains incomplete. A November 2011 agreement on post-conflict integration and rehabilitation offers reason for hope. Continued disagreements over the structure of the federal state and its form of government have delayed the constitution-making process. Corruption, impunity, and weak infrastructure combine to erode Nepali confidence in effective governance. Bhutan's democratic exercise continues to be carefully controlled by entrenched elites, but the country held its first-ever local elections successfully and economic growth stabilized.
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Chhetri, Ramesh Kumar, and Sangay Wangchuk. "Understanding the Efficacy of Bhutan’s First Ever Certificate Course in Social Work." Asian Social Work Journal 6, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v6i2.159.
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With the transition of political, economic and social scenario in Bhutan, the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have been expanding over the years. Bhutan has more than forty registered CSOs and the numbers are still growing. However, paucity of trained social workers in Bhutan has compelled the CSOs to recruit employees with varying degrees. To mitigate this, Samtse College of Education (SCE) of the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) launched Bhutan’s first ever certificate course in social work. So far, two cohorts of participants have been trained. This study was designed to understand the efficacy of Bhutan’s first ever certificate course in social work from the vantage point of the participants. It adopted a convergent parallel mixed method design, primarily employing questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. The study found the certificate course to be highly effective in enhancing the professional competence of the social workers in Bhutan. It is believed to have been an “eye-opening experience” for most social workers who ventured into this profession, without relevant training. The study recommends SCE and RUB to provide similar certificate courses to the thousands to untrained social workers in Bhutan.
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McKay, Alex, and Dorji Wangchuk. "Traditional Medicine in Bhutan." Asian Medicine 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2005): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996737.
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The Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan is an independent state situated between China and India. It emerged as a unified polity in the early 17th century under the rule of an exiled Tibetan religious leader and much of its elite culture, including its medical traditions, were brought from Tibet during this period. The Bhutanese Traditional Medical system subsequently evolved distinct characteristics that enable it to be viewed as a separate part of the Himalayan tradition of Sowa Rigpa (̒the science of healing̓), which includes what is now known as Tibetan Medicine. After coming under the influence of the British imperial Government of India at the beginning of the 20th century, Bhutan was occasionally visited by British Medical Officers from the Indian Medical Service, who accompanied British Political Officers on diplomatic missions there. But when the British withdrew from South Asia in 1947 there were no permanent biomedical structures or even fully qualified Bhutanese biomedical doctors in Bhutan. Since 194 7, Bhutan has evolved a state medical system in which their Traditional Medicine is an integral part and patients have the choice of treatment under traditional or biomedical practitioners. With particular reference to the role of The Institute of Traditional Medicine Services in Thimphu this paper discusses the history, structures and practices of traditional medicine in Bhutan, including its interaction with biomedicine.
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Singh, Arun P. "Moist temperate forest butterflies of western Bhutan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 3 (March 26, 2016): 8596. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2297.8.3.8596-8601.
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Random surveys were carried out in moist temperate forests (1,860–3,116 m) around Bunakha Village and Dochula Pass, near Thimphu in western Bhutan, recording 65 species of butterflies. Of these, 11 species, viz., Straightwing Blue Orthomiella pontis pontis Elwes, Slate Royal Maneca bhotea bhotea Moore, Dull Green Hairstreak Esakiozephyrus icana Moore, Yellow Woodbrown Lethe nicetas Hewitson, Small Silverfork Zophoessa jalaurida elwesi Moore, Scarce Labyrinth, Neope pulahina (Evans), Chumbi Wall Chonala masoni Elwes, Pale Hockeystick Sailer Neptis manasa manasa Moore and White Commodore Parasarpa dudu dudu Westwood, are restricted to the eastern Himalaya, northeastern India and Myanmar. Two other species, Tawny Mime Chiasa agestor agestor (Gray) and Himalayan Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus munda Moore have been only rarely recorded from Bhutan and a few individuals of the rare Bhutan Glory Bhutanitis lidderdalei Atkinson were also recorded near Bunakha.
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Hutt, Michael. "Nepal and Bhutan in 2005: Monarchy and Democracy, Can They Co-exist?" Asian Survey 46, no. 1 (January 2006): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2006.46.1.120.
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Whether monarchy and democracy can coexist was the key question in both Bhutan and Nepal during 2005. Two developments in Nepal will be major factors in determining the survival of the Shah dynasty and, in the longer term, whether the Nepalese nation-state survives as a sovereign entity at all. These were the ““royal coup”” of February 1 and the agreement between the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and seven parliamentary political parties announced on November 22. In Bhutan, a new constitution is out for consultation that would establish a two-party democracy and reduce the powers of the king.
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Roy, Nalanda. "Book Review: Dhurba Rizal. 2015. The Royal Semi-authoritarian Democracy of Bhutan." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 3, no. 3 (December 2016): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797016670762.
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Namgay, Tashi. "Nation’s waste on the scale: The first Bhutan waste inventory report." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200742.
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Knowing the quantity and the composition of waste is essential to designing and delivering sound waste management policies and waste management systems. Bhutan’s 12th Five-Year Development Plan emphasizes effective waste management as one of its key performance indicators and globally, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the importance of waste in two of its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In 2019, the Bhutan National Statistics Bureau undertook its first ever survey of solid waste management. The survey covered waste generating sectors including households, commercial units, institutes, health centers, industries, Government offices and vegetable markets. Results show Bhutan generated more than 170 metric tons of waste daily – equivalent to 170,000 kilograms of sugar. More than 50 percent of solid wastes came from households, almost 50 percent was food waste, and around 50 percent was potentially recyclable. The survey posed many challenges for Bhutan, a land-locked least developed country in the Eastern Himalayas in South Asia, yet provided the opportunity to strengthen stakeholder engagement in the Bhutan National Statistical System and delivered statistics which meet a practical use for Bhutan and its people.
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Dorji, Sherab, Patcharin Sirasoonthorn, and Kantabhat Anusaksathien. "School Teachers in Rural Bhutan: Quality of Work Life, Well-Being and the Risks of Resignation." South Asia Research 39, no. 3 (September 23, 2019): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728019872038.
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In Bhutan, recent increases in annual teacher attrition rates, particularly in rural areas, pose significant challenges for the government and concerned agencies in terms of retaining qualified teachers and reducing teacher attrition rates and turnover. This article, partly based on a field study exploring the quality of work life (QWL) and well-being of school teachers in rural Bhutan, explores the possible reasons why such teachers might seek to resign. Using mixed methodology, the study reveals poor QWL and well-being of teachers, caused by a variety of factors. In view of such findings, the Ministry of Education and the government need to ensure better all-round protection for teachers to avoid the risk of large-scale resignations.
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Lham, Kencho, John Polesel, Gosia Klatt, and Anne Suryani. "The Transition from School in Bhutan." Education and Society 37, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/es/37.2.04.
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In Bhutan half of the population is under the age of 25 (United Nations 2017) and strengthening the pathways of all young people, regardless of their background, is one of the priorities in the Bhutan Education Blueprint 2014-2024. This study examines the transitions from school of a sample of 895 young school completers from Western Bhutan in 2013. It considers the impact of gender, socio-economic status (SES), school type and subject stream on their destinations. The study revealed that males, public school students and higher SES students were more likely to enter university and government vocational training institutes, while girls, private school completers and lower SES students were more likely to enter private vocational training institutions, repeat Year 12, work or enter the labour market. The study provides invaluable findings about the post-school choices of young Bhutanese and their post-school pathways, as well as providing suggestions for policy reform and further research designed to improve the transitions of young people in Bhutan.
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Tariq, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, Kelden Wangchuk, and Nitin Muttil. "A Critical Review of Water Resources and Their Management in Bhutan." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010031.
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Bhutan is a small yet water-abundant country. The country suffers from frequent flooding and is lately experiencing a growing risk of localized droughts due to inappropriate water resource management and climate change. Such a situation calls for much more efficient use and management of water in Bhutan. This paper undertakes an extensive analysis of the country’s water resources for better planning and management of the available water resources. Bhutan can be divided into three zones, the Southern Foothills, the Central Inner Himalayas, and the Higher Himalayas. The top four leading industries of Bhutan are related to water, either directly or indirectly. The country at present is at a very early stage of development. The government has prioritized water resources management over recent years. Water for hydropower in Bhutan has been in focus as compared to that allocated for irrigation, industries, and environmental demand. The demand for water in Bhutan has also increased in the last decade due to population increase, changes in lifestyle, and economic advancements through tourism and hydropower projects. Climate variation, deteriorating water quality, frequent floods, and increasing urbanization threaten the sustainability of water resources. Water accessibility issues for settlements due to the country’s harsh geographical landscape is leading towards localized water scarcity. Serious attention to rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge is required to address localized water scarcity issues.
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Frost, Frank. "Cambodia: From UNTAC to Royal Government." Southeast Asian Affairs 1994 1994, no. 1 (March 1994): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/seaa94f.
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Brown, Frederick Z., and Laura McGrew. "Cambodia: The Royal Government on Trial." Southeast Asian Affairs 1995 1995, no. 1 (March 1995): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/seaa95h.
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Chejor, Pelden, Jigme Tenzin, and Jigme Dorji. "Regulation of Medicines in Bhutan: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v6i2.243.
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Medicines Regulatory Agencies (MRAs) are responsible for evaluation of quality, safety and efficacy of medicinal products before it is approved for consumption. The regulatory procedures, however, differs from one country to another. Medical products including vaccines, blood and blood products, diagnostics and medical devices are essential for healthcare delivery across the world. The Drug Regulatory Authority (DRA) is an independent national agency for regulation of medicinal products in Bhutan and reports to Bhutan Medicines Board (BMB), the highest policy making body for regulation of medicinal products in the country.
Medicines Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan is the legal tool for regulation of medicines in Bhutan. Medicinal products are regulated through premarketing and post-marketing control systems. All medicinal products available in the Bhutanese market are registered. DRA regulates all the medicinal products including vaccines, blood products and traditional medicines used for human and veterinary.
DRA is fully financed by the Government of Bhutan. Bhutan’s medicines regulatory system has evolved over the last one decade. However, as the regulatory mandate continues to increase, DRA is faced with several challenges in terms of human resource, infrastructure and testing laboratory among others. There are also opportunities for the DRA to improve its regulatory capacities to ensure availability of quality and safe medicines for the public.
Understanding the current practice of medicines regulation in Bhutan can help identify gaps and existing opportunities for improving the regulatory capacity. This article documents the existing practices, challenges and opportunities for regulation of medicinal products in Bhutan.
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Wangchuk, Sangay, and Stephen F. Siebert. "Agricultural Change in Bumthang, Bhutan: Market Opportunities, Government Policies, and Climate Change." Society & Natural Resources 26, no. 12 (December 2013): 1375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.789575.
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Wangdi, Jigme. "The future of yak farming in Bhutan: policy measures government should adopt." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 4 (2016): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15111.
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Survey-based research was conducted to explore and record perceptions of mountain pastoralists concerning the future of yak farming in Bhutan. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and used to gather qualitative data from 106 yak herders selected randomly from seven geogs (blocks) within five of the ten yak-rearing districts. The data gathered were descriptively analysed and Mann–Whitney U tests were conducted to test the effect of respondents’ age on their perceptions about the future of yak farming. The study revealed that there was a significant effect (P < 0.01) of the respondents’ age on their perception of the future continuation of yak farming with the majority of the older respondents being in favour of continuing with it as the main source of their livelihood. These older pastoralists preferred yak farming over other emerging economic activities such as collection and sale of cordyceps and catering for the tourism sector mainly due to their confidence in yak farming as the most reliable source of livelihood. However, the incoming generation rated these emerging economic activities much higher as they lead to easier and more comfortable lives. The government has a mammoth task ahead in sustaining yak farming and making it attractive to the younger pastoralists through the formulation and application of appropriate government policy to support yak research and development.
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Crutchley, Simon. "Notes on the Performance and Cultivation of some Lesser Known Eastern Himalayan Plants." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 1 (October 31, 2003): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2003.93.
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Staff from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh have made four expeditions to eastern Nepal and Bhutan during the years 1985-1991. Brief descriptions and notes on observations, performance and cultivation are given for seven species from this region. The species described are Spiraea hemicryptophyta Grierson, Streptopus parasimplex Hara & Ohashi, Rubus calophyllus C.B.Clarke, Berberis thomsoniana Schneider, Sorbus kurzii (Prain) C.K. Schneider, Gaultheria tricophylla Royle and Theropogon pallidus (Kunth) Maxim.
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BROOKS, JEREMY S., and DOLEY TSHERING. "A respected central government and other obstacles to community-based management of the matsutake mushroom in Bhutan." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (September 2010): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000573.
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SUMMARYDespite sound logic supporting decentralized resource management, the results of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) efforts have been mixed. Many conditions are thought to contribute to the sustainable use of common pool resources, but as practitioners evaluate the likelihood of CBNRM success, it is necessary to understand which particular conditions have the greatest impact and how these differ across contexts. This paper describes the harvest of the matsutake mushroom and its decline in two rural communities in Bhutan that possess many of the conditions thought to facilitate resource management. Data from surveys, informal interviews and focus group meetings suggest the decline in the matsutake harvest can be attributed to the absence of a small number of enabling characteristics and an additional factor that is often overlooked in the CBNRM literature. Factors contributing to the decline include environmental dynamics, lack of leadership, and the difficulty of monitoring and enforcing harvesting guidelines. However, communities are reluctant to absorb the costs of developing institutions owing to the lack of perceived scarcity and salience of matsutake and, perhaps most importantly, to a historical dependence on a paternalistic government. This reliance on the government may preclude communities from assuming the responsibilities of matsutake management and enforcing rules to assure a sustainable harvest, a trend seen elsewhere in Bhutan. CBNRM may succeed if governments can simultaneously build capacity in communities while empowering them to take ownership over resource management. Though a relatively small number of factors have impeded CBNRM in this case, many of the obstacles can be overcome and these efforts should be considered a work in progress in Bhutan.
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Sithey, Gyambo, Anne Marie Thow, Jayendra Sharma, Karma Lhazin, and Mu Li. "Taking action on prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Bhutan by strengthening gross national happiness." Bhutan Health Journal 4, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.69.
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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problem in Bhutan, accounting for 68% of total deaths. The growing epidemic of NCDs threatens the achievement of Gross National Happiness (GNH). NCDs are the results of complex interaction of social and economic risk factors and change in diet and lifestyle. Effective action to prevent and control these diseases requires a whole-of-government approach.In this paper we review new evidence to support political priority for NCDs in Bhutan. One third of the Bhutanese are overweight (33%) and hypertensive (35.7), and 6.4% are diabetic. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors is also very high. We also present the analysis of strategic policy opportunities for health sector to integrate the ‘Multisectoral national action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2015-2020’ into policies across all relevant sectors. Our analysis has identified three specific opportunities for the health sector to engage strategically to strengthen action on NCDs and GNH, concurrently: 1) raising priority actions on NCDs within the existing GNH multisectoral committee, to achieve both health and happiness objectives; 2) identifying shared agenda between NCDs and GNH to achieve both health and happiness objectives; and 3) identifying shared GNH determinants between NCDs and GNH to enhance action on NCDs. Addressing NCDs aligns with the optimization of Gross National Happiness. It is imperative that the Government of Bhutan recognize that action on NCDs is an integral element for achieving GNH.
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Cork, S. C., N. D. Moitra, J. B. Gurung, and R. W. Halliwell. "Escherichia coli as a cause of mortality in piglets in the Royal Kingdom of Bhutan." Veterinary Record 150, no. 10 (March 9, 2002): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.10.313.
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Dorji, Tshewang. "Gender Responsive Pedagogy Awareness and Practices." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v1i2.21.
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The discussion on gender in education is not new in Bhutan. The policies, program and political will for years aimed to achieve gender equality. Despite numerous program, strategies and policies in various forms, there is less studies done to examine its effectiveness. The main aim of this study was to find out how teachers are aware and adopt gender responsive pedagogy in their day to day teaching learning process. This study was carried out in one higher secondary school under Thimphu Thromde with mixed method by adopting non-probability convenient sampling techniques. Data was collected through test, observation and face to face interview with teachers. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze test score via mean, standard deviation and one sample t-test. The findings revealed that teachers do not know much on gender and gender responsive pedagogy. There was also less attention paid to language use, class room set up, classroom interactions and use of text books. This study recommended the Royal University of Bhutan, Ministry of Education, Royal Education Council and school to conduct professional development, training and sensitize all education stakeholders on gender responsive school and pedagogy. The Ministry of Education and schools should carry out capacity development for teachers and education officials to enable them to adopt gender responsive skills in their day to day teaching learning process and to promote positive mind set on gender equity with a bottom up approach.
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Sithey, Gyambo, Li Ming Wen, Laigden Dzed, and Mu Li. "Noncommunicable diseases risk factors in Bhutan: A secondary analysis of data from Bhutan’s nationwide STEPS survey 2014." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): e0257385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257385.
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Background Bhutan is facing an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; they are responsible for 53% of all deaths. Four main modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, are the causes of most noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess 1) the prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors in Bhutan’s adult population and 2) associations between the sociodemographic factors and the NCDs modifiable risk factors with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Methods We used the 2014 Bhutan WHO Stepwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) Survey dataset in this study. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions, constructed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes as outcome variables and modifiable risk factors as independent variables. Results The prevalence of tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet (low fruits and vegetables intake) and physically inactive was 24.8% (95% CI: 21.5, 28.5), 42.4% (95% CI: 39.4, 45.5), 66.9% (95% CI: 61.5, 71.8), and 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9, 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of overweight or obesity, hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% (95%CI: 30.0, 36.0), 35.7% (95% CI: 32.8, 38.7) and 6.4% (95% CI: 5.1, 7.9), respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that older age groups were more likely to be overweight or obese, hypertensive, and diabetic. Our analysis also found that tobacco users were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52, 0.96), and to be hypertensive (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97); but they were more likely to be diabetic (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.05, 2.56). Alcohol users were more likely to be hypertensive aOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.15, 1.74). Furthermore, vigorous physical activity could protect people from being overweight or obese, aOR 0.47 (95% CI 0.31, 0.70), and those consuming more than five serves of fruits and vegetables per day were more likely to be overweight or obese, aOR 1.46 (95% CI 1.17, 1.82). Conclusion The prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors and overweight or obesity and hypertension was high in Bhutan. We found strong associations between tobacco use and diabetes, alcohol use, hypertension, physically inactive, and overweight or obesity. The results suggest that the government should prioritize NCDs prevention and control programs, focusing on reducing modifiable risk factors. The health sector alone cannot address the NCDs epidemic in Bhutan, and we recommend the whole of government approach to tackle NCDs through the Bhutan Gross National Happiness framework.
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Utha, Karma, Sonam Rinchen, Bhupen Gurung, Ganeshman Gurung, Tshewang Rabgay, and Changa Dorji. "Entrepreneurship Education in Bhutan: Perception, Culture and Challenges." World Journal of Educational Research 3, no. 2 (November 4, 2016): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v3n2p460.
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<p><em>The present study was </em><em>undertaken</em><em> to determine </em><em>the perception of Bhutanese students towards entrepreneurship and the influence of entrepreneurship in their career choice by a team of lecturers from Samtse College of Education and a teacher from the Samtse Higher Secondary School. It was a multifaceted research involving survey, interviews, focus group interviews and document analysis. The samples include 921 students [19 diploma, 248 undergraduate, 654 school students (460</em><em>=</em><em>HSS & 194</em><em>=</em><em>MSS)], currently studying in the schools, colleges and VTIs under Samtse, Chhukha and Thimphu Dzongkhags. The major findings include: perception of students is inclined more towards entrepreneurship second to government jobs, students and parents are aware of the increasing unemployment scenario in Bhutan, minimal focus on entrepreneurship education in the school and university level curriculum, and the pedagogical practices doesnot adequately favour entrepreneurship knowledge and skill development. Some of the recommendations are a need to include entrepreneurship education in the school curriculum right from primary education, and to disseminate information related to entrepreneurship among students in all the schools and colleges.</em></p>
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Shyangwa, Pramod M., and Arun Jha. "Nepal: trying to reach out to the community." International Psychiatry 5, no. 2 (April 2008): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005579.
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Sandwiched between India and China, Nepal is a small landlocked lower-middle-income country in South Asia. Once a peaceful country, it is striving to overcome the legacy of a 10-year Maoist rebellion, a royal massacre and continuing political chaos. Nepal has been in dispute with neighbouring Bhutan over the repatriation of hundreds of thousands of refugees in several camps in Nepal. In addition, the country experiences frequent natural disasters (floods and landslides) and faces several environmental challenges, including deforestation and a population explosion in southern Nepal.
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Kinga, N., and W. Chetem. "An Economic Analysis Of Government Custom Hiring Services For Different Farm Machineries In Bhutan." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45297.
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Farmers in Bhutan trend to own agricultural machineries though the individual area under farm mechanization is not enough. Hiring out or in of farm machineries as a business enterprise need to be advocated. Therefore, an effort was made in this study to generate some parameters regarding farm machinery business at farm level based on practical experience. Bhutanese Government has endorsed some users’ parameters including cost and return which are used to guide the custom rates for different machineries for farmers and service providers. The study’s objective was to generate different empirical formula for different farm machineries which shall help to propose varying custom hiring rates based on the projected operation days based on the government endorsed parameters. It is also to ascertain whether the present rates charged by Farm Machinery Corporation Limited bring a positive return to its custom hiring business for different machines. The study revealed that the operation cost of farm machinery includes both fixed cost and variable cost. Cost, return and break-even data for different farm machineries give a confident opinion for the owners and Farm Machinery Corporation Limited (FMCL) to take up the hiring scheme as a profitable business. The custom hiring rate also gives a good guide on the custom hiring rates to be charged based on the operating days in the country. On endorsed hiring rates and parameters by government, FMCL shall be able to make a huge profit annually especially on tractors and mini combine harvesters as compared to other machineries by Nu 0.51M and 0.39 M respectively. All other machines are also making a profit annually under the government endorsed parameters. However, there is also an opportunity to reduce the custom rates to bring down the overall cost of cultivation of respective crops using the machines.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 93-101 (2019)
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Pelden Zangmo, Pelden, Dhan B. Gurung, Letro Letro, and Singye Wangmo. "Distribution, Abundance and Occupancy of Gaur (Bos gaurus Smith) in the Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan." Bhutan Journal of Natural Resources and Development 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17102/cnr.2018.01.
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Khan, Dr Shad Ahmad, and Madan Gurung. "Green Public Procurement Through Lens Of Practicality And Policies: A Study On Royal University Of Bhutan." Delhi Business Review 20, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51768/dbr.v20i1.201201913.
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Wangmo, Kesang, and Sonam Daker. "The relationship between emotional intelligence and well-being among women academics of Royal University of Bhutan." Journal of Humanities and Education Development 3, no. 4 (2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.3.4.4.
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NGAMRIABSAKUL, C., and M. F. NEWMAN. "A NEW SPECIES OF ROSCOEA SM. (ZINGIBERACEAE) FROM BHUTAN AND SOUTHERN TIBET." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57, no. 2 (July 2000): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000202.
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A new species of Roscoea from Bhutan and southern Tibet, R. bhutanica Ngamriab., formerly included in R. tibetica Batalin, is described and a new key to all species of Roscoea is provided. While studying the phylogeny of Roscoea, we discovered that there is a correspondence between phylogeny and biogeography (Ngamriabsakul et al., 2000). There are two distinct areas of distribution in Roscoea, namely the Himalaya and China. Only R. tibetica has been recorded in both areas. Cowley (1982) indicated that this species was very variable and suggested that it might be divided. We now propose to name a new species, R. bhutanica, based on observation of living and herbarium material at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) and a molecular systematic study. A morphological table comparing R. tibetica with R. bhutanica is given, along with the ITS sequences of R. tibetica, R. bhutanica and R. auriculata. The identification key to Roscoea species largely follows our phylogenetic tree (Ngamriabsakul et al., 2000).
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Dendup, Tashi, and Indra Lal Acharja. "Effect of Individual Factor on Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students in Bhutan." World Journal of Business and Management 3, no. 2 (September 21, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v3i2.11779.
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The study explored the effects of age; field of study, academic performance, and past job experience of undergraduate students under Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) on their entrepreneurial intention. Today, youth entrepreneurship is regarded as a career option. It is, therefore, important for the policymakers, educators, and the public to understand individual factors that influence to become entrepreneurs. This study collected data from 384 undergraduate students (sample size determined using Yamane formula) within the age group of 18-34 from four colleges under RUB using self-administrative structured questionnaires. To ensure representativeness in each selected college, it devised multi-stage proportionate sampling technique. This study conducted Chi-square test of independence to examine the influence of individual factors on their entrepreneurial intentions. The result showed that the academic course the student assumed and their past job experiences, especially in business has a relationship with their entrepreneurial career plan after graduation. Likewise, student's age influences their entrepreneurship intention. However, the result showed no relationship between academic performance and their entrepreneurial intentions after their graduation. Therefore, findings suggest the need for entrepreneurship education in the university curriculum.
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Nelp, T. B., N. F. Manice, and S. C. Morris. "(A19) Establishing a Trauma Registry at the National Referral Hospital in Thimpu, Bhutan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s5—s6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100032x.
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BackgroundThe burden of traumatic injuries is increasing in Bhutan. Data from the Ministry of Health of Bhutan (MoH) indicates that the number of injuries has increased 37% from the years 2004 to 2008. Current data on demographics, cause, and outcome of injuries is not well documented, leaving the MoH with insufficient data to guide policy decisions. The MoH and the Bhutan Foundation have prioritized development of a national trauma registry in Bhutan, starting with a trauma registry at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH).ObjectiveTo design and implement a sustainable tool for the collection and storage of data describing trauma patients at JDWNRH.Design and MethodsThe trauma team defined trauma as any injury that requires an evaluation, intervention, or admission to the hospital. A paper based tool was designed by consensus to collect data on demographics, injury type, injury location, injury severity, treatments and outcomes. A hospital based system to processes the data into Microsoft Access was established and data collection began in September 2010. Monitoring is ongoing to ensure the reliability of data.DiscussionDuring a four month period, with a team of physicians, government officials and public health staff developed a model trauma registry. The registry emphasized simplicity in design and execution and will serve as a stepping stone for a nation-wide trauma registry. Data collected from JDWNRH will provide the MoH with a detailed set of injury data to help with policy and resource utilization decisions. Logistical and technical challenges of developing a trauma registry are similar across health systems and this data collection tool and the lessons learned could be adapted to fit other institutions or health systems worldwide.
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Cohen, Joseph A. "London's metropolitan government the report of the royal commission." National Municipal Review 14, no. 8 (January 5, 2007): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4110140801.
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St John, Ronald Bruce. "The Political Economy of the Royal Government of Cambodia." Contemporary Southeast Asia 17, no. 3 (December 1995): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/cs17-3b.
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Cox, Noel. "THE GRADUAL CURTAILMENT OF THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE." Denning Law Journal 24, no. 1 (November 27, 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v24i1.389.
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In the United Kingdom and those countries that recognise Elizabeth II as their Queen,1 there are to be found certain fundamental constitutional principles. One of these is that much of the legal basis of executive power derives from the Crown,2 though this has, in the past, often been downplayed for political and other reasons. Indeed, in the Commonwealth as a whole, political independence has often been equated with the reduction of the role of the Crown to a position of subservience to the political executive.3 What remains important is the position of the Crown as an organising principle of government (the framework upon which the structure of government is built4), as a source of legitimacy, and as a symbol for permanent government. Executive power, therefore, remains based on the royal prerogative, and the „third source‟ of authority (the legal powers of the legal natural person, as the Crown is a corporation aggregate), as well as upon statute law.
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Lama, Mahendra P. "Power Trading in South Asia: Some Aspects of Benefits." Journal of International Affairs 3, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29088.
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Of having immense regional capacity of 395,096 MW as of mid-2018, South Asia is gradually emerging as a fulcrum of electricity exchange and powers trading so, bilateral exchanges are occurring, as evident in the noteworthy Bhutan-India power flow of 1,410MW. India and Bangladesh have four historic power trading practices in place and the Power Purchase Agreement of 2014 between Nepal and India, these two countries exchange up to 350 MW of electricity. All these have triggered immense possibilities opening the scope for multilateral power flows. A huge jump from the present total cross-border trading of hardly 2500 MW is very possible. Nepal could potentially be the biggest beneficiary in this game. If harnessed steadily, its power could be sold across South and South East Asia, with wheeling facilities provided by Indian national grids. A Bangladesh–Bhutan–India trilateral hydroelectric power-generation agreement is likely to be signed soon. Energy secretaries of Bangladesh and Nepal have decided to develop hydropower projects in Nepal through government-to-government investment and then export the electricity thus produced to Bangladesh through the Indian transmission system Power trade would change the composition of the export baskets of power exporting countries and help them address their adverse balance of trade and balance of payment. Additional income from power export and an enhanced level of economic activity can be invested in social infrastructure.
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Dorji, Tshewang. "Content Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education in Primary and Secondary School Textbooks." Research in Educational Policy and Management 3, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/repam.2021.3.
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Textbooks are the main source of teaching-learning materials used in primary and secondary schools. This study was carried out in Bhutan to examine if the existing textbooks in primary and secondary schools contain sufficient knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship education. This descriptive study collected 96 textbooks used by students and teachers in classes Pre-Primary (PP) to XII. The reviewers identified descriptions about entrepreneurship if any in the content and the pedagogical aspects. The content included the meaning of entrepreneurship, characteristics, student activity and images on entrepreneurship. The study revealed that entrepreneurship education is not thoroughly integrated into primary and secondary school textbooks. Three (3.1%) out of 96 textbooks contained descriptions about entrepreneurship. The study, therefore, recommends existing textbook contents and images on entrepreneurship education to be improved and experiential learning opportunities be included. Ministry of Education and the Royal Education Council needs to review and revise classes PP-XII existing school textbooks at various levels. Integrate entrepreneurship education-related topics in the existing textbooks of primary and secondary schools based on the current labour market needs. However, Media Information Literacy, Environmental Science, and Agriculture for Food Security textbooks were not analyzed since many schools did not offer these elective subjects due to no or poor ability rating for higher education admission in Bhutan.
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Allison, Elizabeth. "Deity Citadels: Sacred Sites of Bio-Cultural Resistance and Resilience in Bhutan." Religions 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040268.
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Consistent with the pan-Himalayan tendency to see the landscape as lively and animated, protector deities and local spirits are perceived to inhabit various features of the landscape in Bhutan, causing these places to be treated with reverence and respect. Local spiritual beliefs are prized as central to the cultural identity of the Kingdom, making their way into government planning documents, town planning negotiations, and the 2008 Constitution. This elevation of local spiritual belief has been central to the maintenance and preservation of Bhutanese culture in its encounter with globally hegemonic social, economic, and political norms. Spirits and deities are believed to be the original owners of the land predating the introduction of Buddhism from Tibet. According to terma texts—spiritual treasures hidden by great Buddhist teachers to be discovered later—the initial introduction of Buddhism into Bhutan occurred in the seventh century. At that time, the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, the 32nd king of the Yarlung dynasty, built two temples in western and central parts of Bhutan as part of a strategy to pin down a demoness who was ravaging the Himalaya. About a century after the construction of the temples, Padmasambhava, known throughout the Himalayas as Guru Rimpoche, or “Precious Teacher,” arrived in Bhutan, subjugated eight classes of local spirits and made them sworn protectors of the Dharma. In this way, local deities and spirits became incorporated into Bhutan’s Vajrayana Buddhism to the extent that images of them are found at Buddhist temples and monasteries. Vajrayana Buddhism and local deities and spirits twine together in Bhutan to shape a cosmology that recognizes a spectrum of sentient beings, only some of whom are visible. The presence of deities and spirits informs local land use. Deity abodes or “citadels” (Dz.: pho brang) are restricted from human use. The presence of a deity citadel is sufficient in some locales to cause the diversion or reconsideration of human construction and resource use. By grounding spiritual beliefs in specific sites of the landscape, the citadels of deities sanctify the landscape, becoming nodes of resistance and resilience that support the Bhutanese in inhabiting their own internally-consistent cosmology, even as the pressures of global integration seek to impose hegemonic Western norms.
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Pradhan, Ambika, Tashi Tobgay, Sithar Dorjee, Tenzin Wangdi, Guofa Zhou, and Nadira D. Karunaweera. "Atypical Presentation of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Bhutan." Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2020 (August 21, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899586.
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This article describes an atypical case of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with complications due to delayed diagnosis and poor case management. The grave consequences of the prolonged disease process that continued for over 2 decades with eventual healing included facial disfigurement, visual impairment, and mental distress both to the patient and the family. The persistent infection within the skin over a lengthy period with likely increased risk of infection spread in the community highlights its potential negative impact on the ongoing leishmaniasis elimination program in the Indian subcontinent. Bhutan is a member of the leishmaniasis elimination network in Asia, and the government continues to invest in maintenance of the national healthcare system. The case study reveals the gaps in the healthcare system with hardships faced by a patient to access quality healthcare and poor patient outcome used as proxy indicators. It also points to the need to enhance access to healthcare to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment for leishmaniasis patients including those who live in remote areas, in order to achieve the planned disease elimination targets. It also points towards the key challenges faced by a resource poor nation such as Bhutan in achieving universal health coverage and reaching the set goals for disease elimination. The findings underscore the need for a careful review of the national health care system and to address the deficiencies.
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Biancalana, Joseph. "The Writs of Dower and Chapter 49 of Westminster I." Cambridge Law Journal 49, no. 1 (March 1990): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300106919.
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The growth of royal justice in England consisted in part in the development of writs to begin proceedings in royal, county, or seignorial court. In the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries the King's court seldom created entirely new substantive rules and entitlements. Rather, the growth of royal justice consisted in the reinstitutionalisation of customary norms and entitlements in the legal mechanism of royal government. The available writs and the rules governing their use—especially writs which began proceedings directly in the King's court—constituted the structure of royal justice in that they determined which norms and entitlements would be shaped in the King's court and would have the power and authority of royal government behind them. Bracton's ideal that there ought to be a writ for every case requiring a remedy motivated the proliferation of royal writs—both the creation of new writs and the division of existing writs into two or more variants—from the forty-five writs found in Glanvill (1187–9) to the 886 writs found in an early fourteenth-century register of writs. Each new writ brought a new social situation within the ken of royal government or changed the terms in which royal government recognised and enforced social norms. The division of a single writ into two or more variants meant a refinement of the legal structure. Changes in the rules governing the use of a writ also changed the interaction between royal government and social life. The reinstitutionalisation of customary norms and entitlements created additional subjects for argument. In addition to the customary norms as recognised in the King's court, persons could also argue about the writs and rules of the King's court itself. Substantive issues could thus be suppressed and transposed into procedural issues that deter-mined the boundaries to the royal judicial power to affirm and to effectuate customary norms. In 1176, the King asserted royal jurisdiction over the customary entitlement known as dower. This essay traces the development of the writs of dower from their creation to Chapter 49 of the Statute of Westminster I (1275), which changed the rule for using thepraecipe writ of dower.
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Upananda, W. A., and U. E. S. Kumara. "Influence of Governing Mechanism on Financial Performance: A Study on Royal Bank of Bhutan and Bank of Ceylon." Wayamba Journal of Management 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/wjm.v4i2.7458.
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Béguinot, Jean, and Tshering Nidup. "Least-biased Extrapolation of a Partial Inventory of Butterfly Fauna in Manas Range (Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan)." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2017/32701.
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