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Journal articles on the topic 'Royal Australian Air Force'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Crawford, John, and Alan Stephens. "The Royal Australian Air Force." Journal of Military History 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3093148.

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2

Stephens, Alan. "Writing History in the Royal Australian Air Force." Australian Journal of Politics & History 40, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1994.tb00092.x.

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3

Hills, P. C. "Automatic test equipment in the Royal Australian Air Force." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 12, no. 5 (May 1997): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/62.587809.

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4

Tucker, Bennett, Kevin Netto, Gregory Hampson, Brett Oppermann, and Brad Aisbett. "Predicting Neck Pain in Royal Australian Air Force Fighter Pilots." Military Medicine 177, no. 4 (April 2012): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-11-00256.

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5

Ondrék, József. "Australian Involvement in the Malayan Emergency." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.2.5.

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Australian defence and foreign policy experienced a great shift in 1942. From that year on, the nation began to think of itself as an independent entity, and a key player in Southeast Asia. The first armed conflict that Australian units participated in after the end of the Second World War was the Malayan Emergency, where all service branches contributed forces to the successful counterinsurgency war. The aim of this article is, firstly to look at the events and factors that initiated this shift in Australian policy, and secondly to analyse the forces the nation committed to fighting the Emergency. This analysis includes the fighting forces of the Royal Australian Air Force, the Army as well as the Navy.
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6

Kwon, Jeong-Wook. "Revisiting Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Jet Air-to-Air Combat during the Korean War." Korean Journal of Military Affairs 10 (December 31, 2021): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33528/kjma.2021.12.10.139.

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7

Netto, Kevin, Gregory Hampson, Brett Oppermann, Greg Carstairs, and Brad Aisbett. "Management of Neck Pain in Royal Australian Air Force Fast Jet Aircrew." Military Medicine 176, no. 1 (January 2011): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-10-00217.

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8

Tomkinson, Grant R., Adam J. Clark, and Peter Blanchonette. "Secular changes in body dimensions of Royal Australian Air Force aircrew (1971–2005)." Ergonomics 53, no. 8 (July 22, 2010): 994–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.489967.

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9

Straker, Karla. "Defence by Design: Redesigning the Acquisition Process for the Royal Australian Air Force." Journal of Design, Business & Society 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs.3.2.145_1.

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10

McKernan, Michael. "The Australian Army, and: The Royal Australian Air Force, and: The Royal Australian Navy, and: Making the Australian Defence Force, and: The Department of Defence, and: Australian Defence: Sources and Statistics, and: An Atlas of Australia's Wars (review)." Journal of Military History 68, no. 1 (2004): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2003.0396.

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11

Jiang, Oliver. "Pointless or Populism?" Air/Space 2 (October 26, 2023): bp35751354. http://dx.doi.org/10.58930/bp35751354.

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This article began as a response to Daniel Cook’s recent article on ‘Turning the Tap Off – Stopping the Flow of Pointless Jobs in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)’ (Cook, 2023); as such, it will address some of the points raised in that article within the context a broader trend towards what I term ‘military populism’.
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12

Kornéli, Beáta. "Nagy Britannia és Ausztrália közös atomprogramja 1945-1960." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 2 (2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.2.9.

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Australia was determined to obtain a nuclear weapon after the Second World War. The most obvious solution seemed to collaborate with Britain doing nuclear research in the so-called “joint project”. The British defence planners had been aware of the fact that Great Britain would not survive a forthcoming nuclear attack at the dawn of the cold war and thus, they were in need of their own nuclear weapon. When the MacMahon Act came into force the Government of United States of America rejected the British to continue the joint research in the Manhattan Project and they wanted to retain their sole atom monopoly. They provided the British neither with raw material nor with nuclear technology, furthermore, they were not allowed to participate in the test blasts. Hence, the role of Australia was revalued by the British Government. Several productive intitiatives such as the establishment of the Australian National University, launching the Snowy Mountains project, deployment of the Royal Australian Air Force in Southeast Asia coincided with the joint project. The culmination of the Australian–British cooperation was the atomic blast in 1952 and the decision of the British to contribute to the construction of an Australian nuclear reactor. Nevertheless, the nuclear achievements of the Soviet Union put an end to the so far successful joint project.
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13

Chester, Annalise L., Andrew M. Edwards, Melissa Crowe, and Frances Quirk. "Physiological, Biochemical, and Psychological Responses to Environmental Survival Training in the Royal Australian Air Force." Military Medicine 178, no. 7 (July 2013): e829-e835. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-12-00499.

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14

Cook, Daniel. "Turning the Tap Off - Stopping the Flow of Pointless Jobs in the RAAF." Air/Space 2 (2023): bp34660302. http://dx.doi.org/10.58930/bp34660302.

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WGCDR Borg’s monograph Royal Australian Air Force 2025: A new organizational structure to optimise combat effectiveness in an era of great power competition (Borg, 2023) included a statement that is more telling than it appears at first glance: “‘We are too busy mopping the floor, we don’t have time to turn off the tap. - Anonymous The opening quote accurately depicts the current feeling across many squadrons, wings and groups across the RAAF today.” (Borg, 2023, p. 29)
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15

Cook, Daniel. "Turning the Tap Off - Stopping the Flow of Pointless Jobs in the RAAF." Air/Space 2 (2023): bp3460302. http://dx.doi.org/10.58930/bp3460302.

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WGCDR Borg’s monograph Royal Australian Air Force 2025: A new organizational structure to optimise combat effectiveness in an era of great power competition (Borg, 2023) included a statement that is more telling than it appears at first glance: 'We are too busy mopping the floor, we don’t have time to turn off the tap.' - Anonymous The opening quote accurately depicts the current feeling across many squadrons, wings and groups across the RAAF today.” (Borg, 2023, p. 29)
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16

Hood, David. "Defence Strategic Review and Adapt: Implementing DSR as a Wargame." Air/Space 2 (2023): bp32226859. http://dx.doi.org/10.58930/bp32226859.

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Australia’s Defence Strategic Review (DSR) has been completed, with the final report handed to Government (Prime Minister of Australia, 2023). In considering priorities for Defence capability and assessing force structure, posture and preparedness1, the DSR is likely to recommend difficult choices for a relatively small Defence Force which must live within necessarily-limited means. Much like in war itself, Defence’s ability to adapt to DSR outcomes will be crucial. Indeed, former defence official Paul Dibb has warned Defence requires ‘serious historical and cultural change’ to implement the DSR’s recommendations (Hurst, 2023). Such change could be painful, especially if each service views the DSR’s recommendations through the lens of a zero-sum game, with winners and losers. Doing so not only misses the point of the review itself, but diverts our attention away from an important—arguably unique—opportunity offered by the DSR: using it as a wargame to practise the kind of adaptability we will need to fight the next war. Australia’s current strategic circumstances, and their trajectory, mean we cannot afford to miss such an opportunity. This article discusses how the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) can use the DSR as a wargame to test its adaptability in a joint environment, and why doing so is an effective way to practice applying air and space power effects into the joint force, in preparation for the next war.
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17

Hayes, Adam, Herbert Groeller, Jace R. Drain, Catriona B. Burdon, Kent Delbridge, and Joanne N. Caldwell. "The selection of generic or task-related physical employment tests for the Royal Australian Air Force." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S120—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.434.

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18

Delbridge, Kent, Catriona B. Burdon, Joanne N. Caldwell, Kane Middleton, Jace R. Drain, Adam Hayes, and Herbert Groeller. "The development of a test for a strength-based criterion Royal Australian Air Force tent lift task." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S119—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.432.

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19

Heller, M., Jaime Calero, Ron Wescott, Simon A. Barter, Jireh Choi, and Greg Surtees. "Life Extension of F/A-18 LAU-7 Missile Launcher Housings Using Rework Shape Optimisation." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.739.

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LAU-7 missile launcher housings, which are fitted to most Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) F/A-18A/B aircraft, can experience cracking in the guide rail. This paper covers the design, manufacture and validation of a life extension repair for cracked launcher housings. The repair development uses DSTO's rework shape optimisation technology and fatigue testing capabilities. The rework design reduces peak stresses by 33 %, resulting in significant fatigue life enhancements, as demonstrated by representative coupon testing. A special manufacturing jig has been designed and transitioned to the RAAF, which has used it to repair housings. These housings have performed well in flight tests, with no cracking detected.
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20

Esterman, Adrian, and Louis Pilotto. "Foot Shape and Its Effect on Functioning in Royal Australian Air Force Recruits. Part 1: Prospective Cohort Study." Military Medicine 170, no. 7 (July 2005): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed.170.7.623.

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21

Guest, Maya, May Boggess, and John Attia. "Relative risk of elevated hearing threshold compared to ISO1999 normative populations for Royal Australian Air Force male personnel." Hearing Research 285, no. 1-2 (March 2012): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2012.01.007.

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22

Hay, PJ, DMC Burns, and TA Steinberg. "Review, Analysis, and Hazard Mitigation of the Life-Support Oxygen System on Royal Australian Air Force P-3 Orion Aircraft." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 4 (2006): 13544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai13544.

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23

Shekhter, A., B. R. Crawford, C. Loader, and W. Hu. "The effect of pitting corrosion on the safe-life prediction of the Royal Australian Air Force P-3C Orion aircraft." Engineering Failure Analysis 55 (September 2015): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.05.020.

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24

Sałaciński, Michał, Magdalena Zabłocka, and Piotr Synaszko. "Using Sandblasting and Sol Gel Techniques for the Preparation of a Metal Surface and Their Effects on the Durability of Epoxy-Bonded Joints." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2012, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10164-012-0061-6.

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Abstract The epoxy-bonded joints are widely employed in aerospace in the Composite Patch Bonded Repair (CPBR) method used for repair metallic and composite structures. The properties of epoxy usually meet the mechanical and environmental requirements, but the durability of bonded joints depends also on the surface preparation. The most common techniques used for the surface preparation are Forest Product Laboratory’s (FPL) technique and Phosphoric Acid Anodizing (PAA). Both methods ensure very good adhesion but they have some disadvantages. They require the application of toxic and aggressive acids, dangerous for the operator. Also, the use of acids for cleaning the surfaces can cause corrosion. The sandblasting treatment of metal surfaces ensures quite good adhesion. This technique requires neither specialist equipment nor the use of toxic substances. Recommended by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) the technique is also used by the Air Force Institute of Technology. Sol Gel is a new product developed for the treatment of metal surfaces before bonding. It is not hazardous for the operator and it does not cause corrosion due to its specific chemical composition. The article describes the behavior of bonded joints between two metal surfaces prepared using sandblasting and Sol Gel. The investigations were carried out in various environment conditions according to the ASTM Standards.
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25

Boggess, M., and M. Guest. "Relative risk of hearing loss: comparison of hearing thresholds in Royal Australian Air Force personnel to the ISO 7029:2000 normative data." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 68, Suppl_1 (September 1, 2011): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100382.138.

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26

Hayes, Adam, Herbert Groeller, Jace R. Drain, Catriona B. Burdon, Kent Delbridge, and Joanne N. Caldwell. "Criterion task work rates in Royal Australian Air Force personnel do not align with the acceptable work rate determined using the Bookmark method." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S167—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.570.

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27

Yusof, Ismail bin, and Abd Rahman Abdul Rahim. "Aircraft Acquisition Conceptual Framework." Asian Social Science 13, no. 4 (March 24, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n4p37.

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The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) has faced difficulties in achieving and sustaining at least 70% of its aircraft availability (Av) in order to support its operational requirements. The head start for this research is to discuss with a focus group (FG) which comprise of eight officers and one moderator and supported by observation on the field. The FG highlighted that the low Av was due to the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of the through life cycle support (TLCS) as a result of weaknesses in the acquisition conceptual framework (ACF). Three research questions were put forward; Q1: Why has the RMAF not achieved its aircraft Av as its desired objectives? Q2: How do the RMAF’s present acquisition practices given a significant impact to Av? And Q3: What is the recommended ACF to be used to ensure higher aircraft Av? The mix mode method (quantitative and qualitative) data collection was used. The literature review focused on critical success factors (CSFs) in terms of acquisition, terms and definition, and present practices in the Royal Malaysian Army (RMA), the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), the Malaysian public sector, the Department of Defence of the United States of America (DoD USA), the Ministry of Defence of United Kingdom (MoD UK) and the Australian Defence Force (ADF). Based on the CSFs from the literature review, a preliminary ACF I was developed. The RMAF case study had focused on Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D aircraft. Data on aircraft status for FY 2011 to 2015 was gathered from the Air Support Command Headquarters (ASHQ). The survey was achieved through 16 self-administered structured questionnaires which are close-ended involving 120 out of 150 respondents from the Worker Group (WG). The interviewer collected qualitative data using 21 semi-structured questionnaires with open-ended answers on 20 respondents from the Management Group (MG). The survey and interview results were presented in a matrix table and categorized in accordance with themes and their relationships. Based on the results of the case study, the preliminary ACF I was modified to ACF II. Then, ACF II was validated by four experts who comprise of two senior officers and two senior managers from the aviation industry. After validation, the ACF II was modified to ACF III (final) and was proposed for implementation. Three project objectives were put forward. Objective 1: To identify the cause of low Av.
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28

Main, B., L. Molent, R. Singh, and S. Barter. "Fatigue crack growth lessons from thirty-five years of the Royal Australian Air Force F/A-18 A/B Hornet Aircraft Structural Integrity Program." International Journal of Fatigue 133 (April 2020): 105426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.105426.

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29

Jeon, Yoon-Jae. "The Decline of the Royal Australian Navy’s Aircraft Carrier Force and Technological Constraints : Focusing on Discussions on Reducing Fleet Air Arm in the Late 1950s." History & the World 64 (December 31, 2023): 413–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17857/hw.2023.12.64.413.

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30

Esterman, Adrian, and Louis Pilotto. "Foot Shape and Its Effect on Functioning in Royal Australian Air Force Recruits. Part 2: Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Orthotics in Recruits with Flat Feet." Military Medicine 170, no. 7 (July 2005): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed.170.7.629.

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31

Varma, Prerna, Svetlana Postnova, Stuart Knock, Mark E. Howard, Eugene Aidman, Shantha W. M. Rajaratnam, and Tracey L. Sletten. "SleepSync: Early Testing of a Personalised Sleep–Wake Management Smartphone Application for Improving Sleep and Cognitive Fitness in Defence Shift Workers." Clocks & Sleep 6, no. 2 (May 29, 2024): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep6020019.

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Shift work, long work hours, and operational tasks contribute to sleep and circadian disruption in defence personnel, with profound impacts on cognition. To address this, a digital technology, the SleepSync app, was designed for use in defence. A pre-post design study was undertaken to examine whether four weeks app use improved sleep and cognitive fitness (high performance neurocognition) in a cohort of shift workers from the Royal Australian Air Force. In total, 13 of approximately 20 shift-working personnel from one base volunteered for the study. Sleep outcomes were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Scales, the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, the Sleep Hygiene Index, and mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Sustained attention was measured using the 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and controlled response using the NBack. Results showed significant improvements in insomnia (ISI scores 10.31 at baseline and 7.50 after app use), sleep-related impairments (SRI T-scores 53.03 at baseline to 46.75 post-app use), and healthy sleep practices (SHI scores 21.61 at baseline to 18.83 post-app use; all p < 0.001). Trends for improvement were recorded for depression. NBack incorrect responses reduced significantly (9.36 at baseline; reduced by −3.87 at last week of app use, p < 0.001), but no other objective measures improved. These findings suggest that SleepSync may improve sleep and positively enhance cognitive fitness but warrants further investigation in large samples. Randomised control trials with other cohorts of defence personnel are needed to confirm the utility of this intervention in defence settings.
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32

Ayling, James, Adam Bowler, Gregory Brick, and Mladen Ignjatovic. "Practical Application of Structural Repair Fatigue Life Determination on the AP-3C Orion Platform." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1065.

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The AP-3C Orion aircraft is the oldest aircraft in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) inventory. The planned fleet withdrawal has been extended far beyond the original design service objective. Continued safe and effective operation has required the development of a robust ageing aircraft management approach. A fundamental aspect was supplementing the structural certification basis with appropriate standards in the form of fatigue management requirements from Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 25.571 and Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (FAA AC) 120-93. To develop and underpin the ageing aircraft management plan and transition to the supplementary fatigue management standards, the RAAF collaborated with the Original Equipment Manufacturer, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, the United States Navy (USN) and other operators to form the P-3C Service Life Assessment Program (SLAP). This program provided Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) data, associated analyses and analysis tools to support management in accordance with FAR 25.571. An important element of the ageing aircraft management plan included the introduction of a rigorous Safety By Inspection (SBI) maintenance regime to assure structural airworthiness. FAA AC 120-93 requires assessment of structural repairs to determine revised fatigue management and inspection requirements. Often, this information is derived using tailored analysis tools and detailed models on a case-by-case basis. This approach is specialized, expensive and usually occurs after the repair has been designed and installed. To avoid these limitations, the AP-3C Repair Assessment Manual (RAM) was developed to provide the repair designer with a design handbook approach to fatigue analysis. In conjunction with some simple Finite Element (FE) models, the RAM supports complete repair analysis prior to an aircraft leaving the maintenance venue. This paper will present the history of the SBI program, the genesis of the RAM and actual examples of assessing structural repairs on the P-3 platform using the RAM.
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33

Katsika, Laskarina, Eirini Boureka, Ioannis Kalogiannidis, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Ilias Tirodimos, Konstantinos Lallas, Zoi Tsimtsiou, and Themistoklis Dagklis. "Screening for Breast Cancer: A Comparative Review of Guidelines." Life 14, no. 6 (June 19, 2024): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14060777.

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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in the female population worldwide and the leading cause of death among perimenopausal women. Screening is essential, since earlier detection in combination with improvements in breast cancer treatment can reduce the associated mortality. The aim of this study was to review and compare the recommendations from published guidelines on breast cancer screening. A total of 14 guidelines on breast cancer screening issued between 2014 and 2022 were identified. A descriptive review of relevant guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the American Cancer Society (ACS), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS), the American College of Radiology (ACR), the Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC), the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) and the Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology (JJCO) for women both at average and high-risk was carried out. There is a consensus among all the reviewed guidelines that mammography is the gold standard screening modality for average-risk women. For this risk group, most of the guidelines suggest annual or biennial mammographic screening at 40–74 years, while screening should particularly focus at 50–69 years. Most of the guidelines suggest that the age limit to stop screening should be determined based on the women’s health status and life expectancy. For women at high-risk, most guidelines recommend the use of annual mammography or magnetic resonance imaging, while the starting age should be earlier than the average-risk group, depending on the risk factor. There is discrepancy among the recommendations regarding the age at onset of screening in the various high-risk categories. The development of consistent international practice protocols for the most appropriate breast cancer screening programs seems of major importance to reduce mortality rates and safely guide everyday clinical practice.
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34

Rogers, George E., Andrew Miller, and David A. D. Parry. "Robert Donald Bruce Fraser 1924–2019." Historical Records of Australian Science 31, no. 2 (2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19015.

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Robert Donald Bruce (Bruce) Fraser was a biophysicist who gained world-wide distinction for his extensive structural studies of fibrous proteins. Bruce began a part-time BSc degree at Birkbeck College, London, while working as a laboratory assistant. In 1942, aged 18, he interrupted his studies and volunteered for training as a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was sent to the Union of South Africa and was selected for instructor training, specialising in teaching pilot navigation. At the end of the war he completed his BSc at King’s College, London, and followed this with a PhD. Bruce studied the structure of biological molecules, including DNA, using infra-red micro-spectroscopy in the Biophysics Unit at King’s led by physicist J. T. Randall FRS. During that time Bruce built a structure for DNA that was close to the Watson-Crick structure that gained them and Maurice Wilkins at Kings College, the Nobel Prize in 1962. In 1952, he immigrated to Australia with his family to a position in the newly formed Wool Textile Research Laboratories at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Here, Bruce established a biophysics group for research on the structure of wool and other fibrous proteins that flourished until his retirement. Over that period he was internationally recognized as the pre-eminent fibrous protein structuralist world-wide. Having been acting chief, Bruce was subsequently appointed chief of the Division of Protein Chemistry and he remained in that role until he took retirement in 1987.
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35

Ford GEng MRAeS, Terry. "Royal Air Force Engineering." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 59, no. 11 (November 1987): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb036534.

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36

Crane, Russell. "THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY'S FORCE 2030." RUSI Journal 156, no. 2 (April 2011): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2011.576476.

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37

Oakes, DJ, HE Ritchie, PDC Woodman, E. Narup, M. Moscova, K. Picker, and WS Webster. "Genotoxicity studies of a desealant solvent mixture, SR-51®." Toxicology and Industrial Health 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233709103037.

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The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) has reported that personnel involved in F-111 fuel tank maintenance were concerned that exposure to a range of chemicals during the period 1977 to mid-1990s was the cause of health problems, including cancer. Particular concern was directed at SR-51®, a desealant chemical mixture containing the following four solvents: aromatic 150 solvent (Aro150), dimethylacetamide, thiophenol (TP), and triethylphosphate. The present study examined the mutagenic potential of SR-51® using a range of well-known mutagen and genotoxin assays. The tests used were i) a modified version of the Ames test, ii) the mouse lymphoma assay, iii) the comet assay (a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay), and iv) a mouse micronucleus test. The modified Ames test used mixed bacterial strains in liquid suspension media. The Ames test results showed that SR-51® (tested up to the cytotoxic concentration of 36 μg/ml, 30 min incubation) in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation was not mutagenic. The mouse lymphoma assay used cultured mouse lymphoma cells in a microwell suspension method. The mouse lymphoma assay was also negative with SR-51® (tested up to the cytotoxic concentration of 22.5 μg/ml, 3 h incubation) in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation. The Comet assay, using cultured mouse lymphoma cells, showed no evidence of DNA damage in cells exposed up to the cytotoxic concentration of SR-51® at 11.25 μg/ml. The in-vivo mouse micronucleus test was undertaken in wild-type C57Bl6J male mice dosed orally with SR-51® for 14 days with a single daily dose up to 360 mg/kg/day (the maximum-tolerated dose). No increases were observed in micronuclei (MN) frequency in bone marrow collected (24 h after final dose) from SR-51®-treated mice compared to the number of MN observed in bone marrow collected from untreated mice. Tissues collected from treated mice at necropsy demonstrated a significant increase in spleen weights in the high dose mice. Gas chromatography analysis of SR-51® identified more than 40 individual components and an oxidation product, diphenyldisulfide derived from TP under conditions of mild heating. In conclusion, there was no evidence that SR-51® is mutagenic.
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38

WlLLlS, D. "Royal Air Force Rehabilitation Tie." Physiotherapy 74, no. 2 (February 1988): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)63693-0.

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39

Lamoit, P. "AIR PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE." Photogrammetric Record 11, no. 66 (August 26, 2006): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1985.tb01334.x.

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40

Mackay, Gavin. "Challenges for the Bulgarian Air Force - A Royal Air Force Perspective." Information & Security: An International Journal 21 (2007): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.2103.

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41

Garden, Timothy. "Re‐inventing the Royal Air Force." RUSI Journal 141, no. 5 (October 1996): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849608446076.

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42

Bonnor, Norman. "A History of Navigation in The Royal Air Force from the 60s to the 80s: ‘The Last Days of Airborne Analogue Computing’." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023894.

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This paper is based on a presentation at a seminar on the History of Navigation in the Royal Air Force, held at The Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon, on 21 October 1996. The seminar was organized by the Royal Air Force Historical Society in Association with the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators and the Royal Institute of Navigation. The complete proceedings of the seminar are being published in 1997.
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43

Burman, S. "A lesson from the royal air force." Nursing Standard 12, no. 32 (April 29, 1998): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.12.32.13.s28.

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44

Jackson, Brendan. "Logistic support in the royal air force." RUSI Journal 137, no. 6 (December 1992): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849208445658.

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Ford, Terry. "Corrosion control in the Royal Air Force." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 68, no. 3 (March 1996): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb037636.

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Rainford, D. "Medical officer in the Royal Air Force." BMJ 314, no. 7091 (May 10, 1997): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7091.2.

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Read, Kate, and Rebecca Charles. "Understanding teamwork errors in royal air force air traffic control." Safety Science 109 (November 2018): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.04.030.

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48

Kovács, Petra. "Women serving in the Royal Air Force (1938-1944)." Repüléstudományi Közlemények 33, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32560/rk.2021.1.2.

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During World War II not only men served in the Royal Air Force. Sir Kingsley Wood, the Air Minister, formed the Civil Air Guard for supporting the Royal Air Force. Until July 1939 between three and four thousand people got their pilot’s licence, and there were a further ten thousand undergoing training. Nine hundred of them were women.
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Zeitlin, Michael. "Faulkner and the Royal Air Force Canada, 1918." Faulkner Journal 30, no. 1 (2016): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fau.2016.0009.

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50

Ayliffe, A. C. "Raster Digitized Mapping For The Royal Air Force." Journal of Navigation 49, no. 2 (May 1996): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300013230.

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In a paper delivered to Geo '89, a NATO symposium, Wing Commander G. T. Scard was tempted to summarize RAF requirements for digital geographic information as ‘raster now, vector later’.1 He avoided that temptation. However, it is still easy to assume that supplying raster data is today's quick solution to the problem of providing geographic information, and that soon raster products will be replaced by a new generation of vector products. Six years on, raster digitized mapping is becoming firmly established as a major geographic information product supplied by the Military Survey Defence Agency. Although vector data is becoming widely available, there are no defined RAF requirements to procure map displays based on vector products. It is apparent that raster data will remain an important source of displayed geographic information on which the RAF will rely for a long time. However, supplying raster mapping is not easy. There are technical problems which need further work to find solutions. This work is urgent. Systems using raster data are already in service and we cannot wait for vector data to replace raster data at some unspecified future date.
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