Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rowing'
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1
O'Grady, Bernard. "THE ROWING COACHES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3860.
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The Rowing Coaches is about friendship, money, love, loss, and rowing. It chronicles the turning point in the lives of three friends who are professional rowing coaches. The friends are Don Bestos, Bill Maxwell, and Bergman, men who are or were at the very top of their sport, and now question their friendships with each other and where their lives are headed. The story takes place on a weekend in the summer of 2000 at the USRowing Convention in Las Vegas, the big blow-out for everyone in the sport of rowing. The Rowing Coaches also offers a look at an esoteric and often misunderstood sport. The main character is Don Bestos, a fifty-year-old head coach from Northeastern University. Don is recently divorced and has yet to move on from the failure of his marriage. The memory of his ex-wife Annie causes him physical pain and occasionally haunts him. Don is in crisis and he questions what he has done with his life and whether he can continue with his chosen career. Don's concerns are compounded by his alcoholism. He grapples with his addiction throughout the story. Don also has a peculiar gift; upon touching certain inanimate objects, such as a boat, he can sense if the object has a soul. Don's best friend is Bergman, the obese head coach from the University of Pennsylvania. Bergman's team has been losing for years and he has lost the drive to continue as an elite rowing coach. Bergman is a loyal friend and he watches out for his friends. The one coach who appears to be on the upswing is Billy Maxwell, Don's assistant coach at Northeastern. Billy is a former Olympian and he is considered one of the rising stars in the coaching profession. Billy has been a winner at every level in the sport and he is willing to sacrifice everything to win, even friendship. Other characters include Stacy Kookla, a sociable sales representative for the top rowing boat manufacturer in the country; Andy Carr, the head coach of Yale University; and Missy Krajcik, the fastest female rower in the world.M.A.
Department of English
Arts and Humanities
English
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Chen, Jing. "Mechanics of optimal rowing." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-38289.
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The forward dynamic approach is different from the inverse dynamic one, and could set up the relation between the angles and controls. The author tries to analyze the optimal rowing movement patterns between the catch and finish configurations in drive phase. The relation between the angles and controls is collected as a set of dynamic equilibrium equations. These equations utilize a finite element time discretization, and are solved simultaneously for the time T (Kaphle and Eriksson, 2008). Finally, the moving trajectory is obtained, and also the change of the angles and controls could be found.
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Halliday, Suzanne Elizabeth. "Biomechanics of ergometer rowing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270367.
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Murphy, Andrew James. "Elite rowing : Technique and performance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511989.
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Williams, Thomas. "Rowing performance monitoring system development." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6469.
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The aim of this work was to develop sensory devices and data acquisition system to facilitate investigations into the mechanics of the rowing system, comprising the rower(s), boat and oars. As such, the parameters to be measured were: boat and seat position, velocity and acceleration; oar force; foot force; oar angle and rower heart rate.
An oar force sensor was designed that fitted into the cavity of a modified oarlock. This sensor design is cheap, yields sound results and its presence is almost not noticeable to the rower. A review of previously applied methods of oar force measurement, predating 1900, is included.
Foot force is of interest to many different fields of research, thus there is a large amount of literature on the subject of foot force measurement. A comprehensive review of this literature is used to aid in the design of the required sensor. The combination of a non-simple dynamic loading (i.e. time varying spatially distributed normal and shear forces), with static foot position distinguishes the problem of measuring the force under the feet during rowing from most previously considered cases. A strain gauge-based force sensing plate was designed to measure both normal force distribution and unidirectional shear force under the feet. Sample results are presented from a study with international class New Zealand rowers on a rowing ergometer. The sensor, performs well under normal force loadings, but needs modification to measure shear accurately. Possible modifications are suggested.
While only a single oar angle, known as the sweep angle, was required to be measured, a sensor combination capable of measuring the spatial orientation of the oar relative to the boat was conceived. A new method of relative orientation estimation, via approximation of the Rodrigues' vector, which allows relative weighting of sensory data, was derived. Unfortunately, calibration issues prevented the gathering of meaningful data in the time available. A full theoretical development, including a new calibration scheme, which should alleviate the encountered problems, is included.
While the motion of the rower within the boat is an important consideration in the dynamics of the rowing system, few previous researchers have measured it. These previous methods are briefly described, before the sensor used in this study, the optical rotary encoder, is detailed. Differentiation of the encoder signal to obtain seat velocity and acceleration relative to the boat was achieved using a purpose designed simple Kalman filter.
The kinematic parameters of the boat, i.e. position, velocity and acceleration were measured using a combination of accelerometer and submerged impeller. The information from these two sensors was combined using a variant of the Kalman filter used in the differentiation of the encoder signal. The combination of the seat and boat kinematics allows study of the motion of the system centre of mass.
Supplying power to, and collecting data from the above sensory devices was a purpose built data acquisition system dubbed ORAC (On-the-water Rowing Acquisition Computer). ORAC was designed to transmit the collected information, in real-time, to a remote laptop computer via wireless LAN, but the system used proved to have insufficient range, and hence ORAC was used as a standalone computer.
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Zarei, Milad Zarei. "Predictive Simulation of Rowing Exercise." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1472557492.
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Glynn, Tony. "Effects of individualistic and collectivistic orientations on social loafing in sport /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16131.pdf.
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Fortin, Yves D. "Lower extremity muscle function during ergometer rowing." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6617.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the functional role of six prominent leg muscles during knee extension. Changes in muscle-tendon length and EMG activity were looked at in conjunction with the results from an inverse dynamics analysis. The muscles investigated were the monoarticular vastus lateralis, soleus, gluteus maximus and the biarticular biceps femoris, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius. Four female and five male elite rowers performed on a Gjessing rowing ergometer while kinematic information was recorded on cinefilm. The force applied to the stretcher, the force applied to the oar handle and the EMG activity were sampled simultaneously. Through inverse dynamics, net moments of force at the ankle, knee and hip joints and powers from these moments were computed for one drive. The results showed a difference in the use of knee extensors by female and male rowers. For the females, the power produced originated exclusively from the hip extensors. This contrasts with the results obtained from the male subjects where power was produced by hip and knee extensors. Plausible explanations include differences in anatomical structures between both sexes (skeletal dimensions, tendon attachments location, muscle mass distribution), differences in rowing technique and deficiency in the knee extensor strength. Paradoxical activity appeared to take place in the recruitment of the biarticular gastrocnemius and biceps femoris during the extension of the knee. More intriguing was the detection of paradoxical activity from the action of m. rectus femoris at the hip which it seemed to extend.
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Fothergill, John Simon. "The coaching-machine learning interface : indoor rowing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648459.
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Young, Jeff C. "Determinants of 2000 meter rowing ergometer performance." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4122.
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Lean body weight and aerobic and anaerobic factors have long been recognized as important determinants of performance in the 2000 met:E!r (M) 1 ace distance for rowing. Current research with noninvasive techniques has important implications for training and performance but is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a 2000 M rowing ergometer performance test (PT) and lean body weight (LBW), velocity at heart rate deflection (Vd), and anaerobic capacity (AC) in experienced rowers. Vd was used as an estimate of aerobic function. Thirteen trained male rowers (mean age 38.5 ± 8 years) were studied. Hydrostatic weighing at residual lung volume was used to estimate LBW. Each subject performed five exercise tests on a Concept II rowing ergometer: one 2000 M PT, two sub maximal step wise progressive tests to determine Vd (s/500 M), and two maximal 40-s anaerobic tests to determine AC. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the test/retest trials of Vd and AC were R = 0.740 and R = 0.863, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to explain variance in PT. The order of entry of each independent variable (and associated multiple R2 at each step) in the analysis was (1) Vd, 0.589; (2) LBW, 0.709; (3) AC, 0.720. The regression equation was PT (s) = 375.66 + 1.093 (Vd) - 0.820 (LBW) - 0.0007 (AC); S.E.E. = 10.01. It was concluded that performance in a 2000 M rowing ergometer PT is primarily dependent on aerobic metabolism and available lean body weight with anaerobic factors contributing to a lesser degree. These results have implications for specific training and team selection.
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Turner, Darryl A. "Force And Electromyographic Responses To Ergometer Rowing." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1544.
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During many athletic events, fatigue influences the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of performance. For optimal performance in events such as rowing, athletes must maintain a skilfully co-ordinated movement technique. The ability to produce high force outputs during repetitive contractions is influenced by fatigue and dependent on a number of factors including neuromuscular activities. Neuromuscular activation may be expressed by amplitude and frequency characteristics of the electromyographic signal (EMG) sample from the muscle. During sustained isometric contractions, changes in EMG characteristics are related to changes in force, which may be useful in monitoring the fatigue process (Basmajian, 1974: De Luca, 1985). However, the force-EMG relationship is not as clear when applied lo dynamic contractions such as those in rowing performance. The central objective of this thesis is to assess the application of EMG in relation to biomechanical and physiological responses to rowing tasks. In particular, EMG characteristics of the quadriceps muscle in relation to total force output during a typical self-pace rowing ergometer performance. In order to reach the objective, five studies were undertaken in a systematic order. The studies had specific purposes, which included establishing force/torque-EMG relationships under controlled conditions and evaluating the transfer of force or torque output and EMG characteristics to less controlled performance conditions that were influenced by fatigue, pacing strategy, or both. In this investigation, trials (N – 117) were conducted on three ergometers affording varying levels of control over muscle length, contraction velocity, and muscle contribution to force output. Subjects (a – 11) that participated were selected from trained rowing crews. Trials were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer with analogue outputs of angular rotation and torque recorded. In addition, trials were performed on a leg-only ergometer and a standard rowing ergometer with performance outcomes recorded using a potentiometer to measure handle position and a strain gauge to measure force output. Bipolar surface electrodes were used to record EMC activity of the rectus femoris and vastus latcralis during all contractions. Biomechanical and EMO data were recorded on a data acquisition system (Amlab). Results validated the force/torque-rmsEMG relationship during non-fatiguing isometric, isokinetic, and dynamic contractions. During fatiguing contractions performed on the rowing ergometer, strength of the force/torquc-rmsEMG relationship was reduced and subject responses varied widely. Under the same condition, handle force and mean power frequency (MPF) of the vastus luteralis muscle showed a positive correlation. which might therefore be used to monitor fatigue during simulated rowing performance. EMG analysis was more appropriate when the exercise protocol was similar to that used during performance. Finally, a constant-pace strategy significantly reduced force loss and was associated with qualitative muscle activation changes that potentially might improve performance outcome. In conclusion, EMG analysis is constrained by methodological and confounding factors during dynamic exercise. Nevertheless EMG provides an insight into neural activation strategies during rowing fatigue and may be a useful tool for monitoring co-ordinated muscle activity and for devising strategies to improve performance.
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Spinks, W. L. "The identification and enhancement of biomechanical performance variables in maximal rowing." Phd thesis, Faculty of Education, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8714.
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Davidson, Christopher R. "Predicting rowing ergometer performance in novice female rowers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37396.pdf.
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Walinga, Jennifer. "Leading people to people, organizational development using rowing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62040.pdf.
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Christensen, Robert K. "When courts manage judicial "rowing" in desegregation governance /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274269.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: A, page: 3138. Adviser: Charles R. Wise. Title from dissertation home page (viewed April 8, 2008).
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von, Heland Jacob. "Rowing social-ecological systems: morals, culture and resilience." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62422.
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The shift from management and governance of ecosystems to relational complex adaptive social-ecological systems (SES) emphasizes a dynamic and integrated humans-in-nature perspective. Such a shift also needs to investigate how diversity and differences in cultures and morals relate to the existence of SES. The papers of this thesis relate these dimensions to SES resilience theory. Paper I analyzes cultural and landscape ecological aspects of trees and tree planting in Androy, Madagascar. Culturally, planting trees serves as a symbol of renewal, purification, agreement and boundary-making. Ecologically, planting trees contributes to the generation of ecosystem services in an otherwise fragmented landscape. Paper II tests the role of forest patches for generating pollination services to local beans that constitute an important protein staple in Androy. The results indicate a significant effect of insect pollination on bean yields and a strong spatial pattern of locating bean plots closer to forests than expected by chance, improving rural food security. Paper III addresses the adaptive capacity of the indigenous forest management in Androy with regard to religious and climatic drivers of change. Paper IV is concerned with cultural analysis of the robustness of provisioning ecosystem services in Androy and the interdependence of morality, cultural practices and generated ecosystem services. Paper V explores how social-ecological memory (SEM) can be seen both as a source of inertia and path dependence and a source of adaptive capacity for renewal and reorganization in the emerging theory about social-ecological systems. Paper VI analyses the film Avatar and discusses ethical–epistemic obligations of researchers as cross-scale knowledge brokers in emerging forms of global environmental politics. The thesis has interdependencies between the social and the ecological and shown that cultural and moral analyses bring important insights and challenges to resilience thinking.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 5: Submitted. Paper 6: In press.
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Soper, Clara. "Foot-stretcher angle and rowing performance a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, August 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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Okens, Patrick. "Blues before sunrise, rowing at the University of Toronto." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/MQ46020.pdf.
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Griffiths, Lisa Ann. "The application of respiratory muscle training to competitive rowing." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4598.
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Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been shown to improve exercise tolerance during a wide range of exercise modalities and durations of activity (McConnell & Romer, 2004b). However, there is a limited amount of research characterising the influence of RMT in specific athletic populations, or examining any sport-specific factors that may influence the benefits of RMT. Hence, the purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the application of RMT in competitive rowers and to explore methods of optimising this to rowing. Results: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) increased inspiratory muscle strength (~20-29%; p < 0.05) and attenuated inspiratory muscle fatigue (~8-28%; p < 0.05) during time trial performance in club-level and elite rowers. However, only in the club-level oarsmen was IMT associated with a measurable improvement in rowing performance (2.7% increase in mean power; p < 0.05). Expiratory muscle training (EMT) provided no ergogenic effect, and concurrent EMT and IMT did not enhance performance above that seen with IMT alone. IMT loads performed at 60-70% of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) were equivalent to the widely used 30 repetition maximum, which is higher than reported for non-rowers (Caine & McConnell, 1998a); further, a load of 60% PImax was sufficient to activate the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex, as evidenced by a time-dependent rise in heart rate (70.1 ± 13.2 to 98.0 ± 22.8 bpm; p < 0.05) and mean arterial blood pressure (92.4 ± 8.5 to 99.7 ± 10.1 mmHg; p < 0.05). Higher and lower inspiratory loads did not activate the metaboreflex. Assessments of flow, pressure and volume in rowing relevant postures revealed no significant impairments, but optimal function occurred in the most upright postures. Conclusions: These data support the application of IMT, but not EMT, in elite and sub-elite rowers, and suggest that a load of 60-70% of PImax provides metaboreflex activation during loading. Further, the data do not support a requirement to undertake IMT in rowing relevant postures.
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Coppel, Anna Louise. "A computational fluid dynamic investigation of rowing oar blades." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/793/.
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This thesis describes the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the flow regime around rowing oar blades. The two phase flow that was present at the surface between the water and the air was also incorporated into the CFD model. Firstly, a quasi–static method was applied, whereby the blade was held at a discrete number of angles of attack to the oncoming flow. The performance of the model was assessed by applying it to four scaled oar blade designs and validating results against an experimental data set. The results were encouraging with lift and drag coefficients acting on the blades being well predicted throughout. The scope was extended to include full size oar blades of designs typically found in competition rowing. A second approach to investigating the flow around oar blades was also adopted, where instead of being held stationary, the blades moved in the fluid domain. The unsteady effects induced by this rotational motion were found to be substantial, with a 72% and 67% increase in the lift and drag coefficients respectively. Finally, through coupling the CFD predictions of oar blade force coefficients with a mathematical model of rowing, it was possible to determine the influence of oar blade design on rowing performance, and also use the mathematical model to further validate the CFD predictions against on–water data. The results provided an accurate assessment of boat performance during the rowing stroke.
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Young, Stephen F. Jr. "Effects of various inefficiencies in rowing on shell speed." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54545.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 40).
First order predictions were made in determining the effects of various sources of inefficiency in rowing on shell speed. These predictions were then tested using a MATLAB model of the rowing stroke. The model simulates an eight man oared rowing shell and determines average shell speed, stroke rating, power per stroke, and time over a 2000 meter race. Several parameters of the rowing model are manipulated to determine the effects of each source of inefficiency on shell speed. Of the sources tested, three can be attributed to the shell manufacturer, and the others can be attributed to the rowers themselves. The sources of inefficiency tested are wetted surface area, coefficient of friction, dynamic and static weight, stroke length, slide acceleration, and stroke rating. The effects on shell velocity were normalized to determine which sources resulted in the greatest inefficiencies. The ranking of sources from greatest to smallest effect on shell speed are stroke rating, coefficient of friction, wetted surface area, stroke length, static weight, dynamic weight, and slide acceleration.
by Stephen F. Young, Jr.
S.B.
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Jones, Davon I. "Upper versus Lower Body Contribution to the Rowing Stroke." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1323968844.
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Giddings, Amy. "COACHING LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS IN SUCCESSFUL WOMEN'S COLLEGIATE ROWING PROGRAMS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/36143.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
The purpose of this study was to define the coaching leadership behaviors of successful National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I women's rowing coaches. In defining these behaviors, the purpose was threefold: (1) to determine if any relationships exist between successful coaches, the athlete leadership preferences of their team, or the congruency between the leader behaviors with the preferred leader behaviors of the athletes, (2) to understand what these successful coaches believe contributes most to their actual leadership behaviors, and (3) to determine if there is a general consensus among the athletes concerning their coach's leader behaviors, regardless of position on the team. Participants consisted of 168 female collegiate rowers and coxswains and 22 coaches from NCAA Division I institutions. In addition to demographic questions, each coach was asked to complete the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) - Coaches' Version and each athlete was asked to complete both the LSS - Preference version and actual Behavior version. In addition to the questionnaire, five coaches were interviewed to supplement the data gathered. Athletes provided information via the surveys to assess their respective coach's leadership behaviors, while also providing information about their own preferred coaching leadership behaviors. Coaches provided a self-assessment of their own coaching leadership behaviors via the survey or via the survey and substantiated through the interview (if they participated in the interview process). The quantitative data were analyzed using a variety of descriptive and bivariate statistics. Demographically, the participants were quite similar, with little variation in age or race and no variation in gender (athletes). After analyzing the data, statistical significance was found using ANOVA for athletes' assessment of their respective coach's behavior based on their team position. Athletes in the 1st eights ranked the coaches higher in social supportive behaviors than did athletes in other boats. The qualitative data were analyzed using guidelines for phenomenological research. Four themes resulted from this data analysis - coaching knowledge, athlete management, shared values, and team engagement. Each of these themes is considered critical to leading successful women's collegiate rowing teams. Further research would prove helpful using a greater number of athletes and a stronger focus on qualitative methods to garner additional data.
Temple University--Theses
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Hassan, Salih. "The effect of scaffolding on the acquisition of rowing." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49360/.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the nature of scaffolding in learning to row. Four studies were carried out to investigate the nature of instruction in relation to learning to row. Study 1 investigated the relationship between contingent tutoring and learning to row. Contingency tutoring was significantly related to learning to row. The coaches in this study were coaching individual boys on a one-to-one basis, in a single environment. Study 2, tried to replicate study 1, with the introduction of three other learning environments: the 'ergometer', the 'rowing tank'and the rowing boat. Unlike study 1, this study found a negative relationship between scaffolding and learning to row. There were also differences between the environments. It was therefore, necessary to conduct a further study. Study 3 was an observational study, designed to examine the nature of coaching itself. It found that, most of the coaching activity was based on generalised instructions, with only 8% of the time employing scaffolding techniques. Grouped-based instruction made up 26% of the instruction, while individual instruction made up 33%; the coach simply observed for the rest of the time. The study found differences between the environments, in terms of the amount spent on each coaching activity. Contingent tutoring varied according to the environment in which the instruction was given. Study 4 interviewed 10 coaches about their coaching. It found strong evidence of the coaches using the functions of scaffolding. The coaches also adopted different coaching strategies, based on the different learning environments, the time of the session, physical state of the boys and the physical state of the river. The theoretical, practical and methodological implications of these findings are then discussed. This thesis found that the 'learning environment' had a large impact on the nature of teaching and learning to row. Each 'learning environment' required a different approach to teaching/coaching, which in turn produced different responses from the learners'.
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Homer, M. R. "Determinants of elite rowing performance : implications for developing rowers." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4338/.
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Olympic Rowing is a ‘power endurance’ sport with a range of anthropometric, physiological and technical requirements. Literature examining the physiological determinants of elite rowing performance has rarely included the analysis of different groups or their longitudinal development. Elite rowing traditionally adopts a ‘squad based’ approach to training which often fails to recognise the potential benefits of individualised training. To date, limited data exist examining the individualised profiling of elite rowers leading to the inclusion of bespoke training prescription in order to maximise performance. Study 1 investigated the relationship between 2,000m ergometer performance and regularly monitored physiological variables, which contribute to selection, in male and female elite senior and development rowers. Analysed individually, there were large differences in the relationships observed across gender and competitive level, with submaximal aerobic capacity (power at 4 mmol・l-1 lactate; W4mmol・l -1) being the only variable to significantly correlate with 2,000m performance in all squads. Results were further analysed using bivariate regression to examine the degree of shared variance between physiological status and performance. W4mmol・l -1 was able to explain 25-59% of the variation in performance. Other variables were able to explain the variance in performance to differing degrees, depending on the squad. This suggests that coaches and practitioners should examine performance determinants of homogenous groups, as the determinants of performance may be different depending on gender and competitive level. Study 2 investigated the importance of W4mmol・l -1 by tracking its longitudinal development in a large group of elite male rowers completing the same training programme. Changes in W4mmol・l -1 were analysed in order to investigate progression rates and differences between Olympians (OLY) and non-Olympians (NON). OLY improved significantly following each of the first 3 years of elite level training. The results of a case series analysis of individual athletes, including a double Olympic gold medallist with >12 years of international experience, suggested a clear upward trend in W4mmol・l -1 throughout a career, despite fluctuations within individual seasons and Olympiads. Improvements were attributed to the physiological adaptations associated with a consistent and well executed high volume/low intensity training model. Differences in the development of W4mmol・l -1 between OLY and NON were not significant until the 3rd year of elite level training. The stagnation in W4mmol・l -1 observed in NON athletes at this time was ascribed to a ceiling of aerobic development or an inability to effectively polarise training in order to maximise adaptation. At this point alternative training methods could be introduced in order to avoid stagnation in development and subsequent performance. Physiological profiling during the early stages of an athlete’s career could also identify those more likely to thrive in a high volume/low intensity training programme. Study 3 involved the implementation of a physiological ‘Spider Profile’ for club rowing coaches. Using key performance determinants, development athlete’s relative strengths were identified in order to inform the training process. Results were compared to senior athletes and ‘Olympian Standards’. U23 international athletes possessed significantly greater maximal and sub-maximal ‘rowing specific’ endurance capacities than noninternational rowers, and were significantly weaker than senior athletes in measures of maximal strength. It was therefore suggested that in order to improve their chances of U23 and senior team selection, development athletes should prioritise the improvement of technical and aerobic indices of performance rather than strength and power. Also, the identification of new athletes should be weighted more towards endurance factors than maximal strength and power production. Study 4 refined the physiological profiling system developed in the previous studies and used it to implement training interventions that improved individual weakness in a group of six elite male rowers. Athletes were assigned to either an endurance (END, N=4) or maximal power (MAX, N=2) group depending on the results of a complete physiological profile. All rowers completed a generic rowing training programme (mean volume = 131 km per week) with 2 of the 14 sessions per week comprising either high intensity aerobic interval training or additional weight lifting. Results were analysed as a case series with individual responses discussed as a lack of control group made the relative impact of training interventions difficult to assess. Three out of four END athletes improved aerobic indices, in particular V&O2peak, but made no improvements in markers of power production. MAX athletes improved their maximum power and aerobic performance. This was attributed to increased mechanical efficiency, muscle coordination and recruitment, strength related technical improvements and/or the reduced relative intensity of sub-maximal work leading to conservation of energy. In conclusion, the minor adaptation of a generic rowing training programme can have a marked effect on the physiological adaptation of athletes struggling to make progress in a traditional high-volume/low-intensity system. In summary, this thesis has highlighted that the analysis of heterogeneous groups of rowers does not provide the level of detail necessary to describe elite performance. Instead, due to individual differences in determinants of performance, a case series approach is a more appropriate means of identifying strengths and weaknesses and implementing interventions to make improvements. Aerobic indices of performance are highlighted as the most important descriptors at both a development and international level. In particular sub-maximal capacity, which is superior in elite development athletes, can be used to differentiate between those that achieve senior team selection, Olympic success, and those that fail to reach the upper echelons of the sport. Spider Profiles are an effective tool which highlight individual strengths and weaknesses in development athletes. Such profiles can be used to provide bespoke interventions to individuals failing to make an impact in elite rowing teams, and the subsequent improvements made can have a global effect on performance if they can be applied to the rowing stroke effectively.
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Purdy, Laura Grace, and n/a. "Coaching in the 'current' : the climate of an elite men�s rowing training programme." University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061018.165626.
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The climate of sport has been undervalued as a contributing factor in athletes� achievement of quality performances (Strean, 1995). Subsequently, the aim of this study was to generate insight into the climate created by New Zealand national rowing coaches in an elite men�s training programme. In particular, the participants� (i.e. coaches, athletes and administrators) interpretation of this climate was sought, with specific attention to the factors which enabled and constrained its development.
This study relied upon ethnographic research methods using in-depth interviews, reflexive journals and observations to acquire a 'thick description' (Geertz, 1973) of the behaviour of the administrators, coaches and athletes in the programme and how that behaviour was interpreted. Data were collected over a five month period, as the athletes prepared for the upcoming Olympic trials. The participants in the study were two administrators, three coaches and eleven athletes.
The data were primarily analysed using concepts from grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) and, in light of the prevalence of structural and agential factors in the creation of the climate, Giddens� (1979, 1984) structuration theory. Hence, two of the three discussion chapters are principally organised around the modalities of structuration theory, namely interpretative schemes and norms (Giddens, 1979). The third discussion chapter focuses on the concept of power. In this chapter I draw upon the work of Bourdieu (1989), Foucault (1977), Giddens (1984), Nyberg (1981) and Shilling (1991) to help explain the power dynamics in the training programme.
Most significantly, it was found that all participants relied heavily upon their previous experience to interpret what it meant to be involved in the elite programme as well as how they were 'supposed' to act. Whilst each participant had an idea of how they were meant to behave, they also acted in ways which were dictated by the rowing community and the traditions in the sport that were considered to be normative practices. In addition, the participants also had expectations of each other�s behaviour. Often however, these were not congruent with the actual behaviours, resulting in a degree of frustration. Frustration also stemmed from the power dynamic which existed between the members of the programme. Although the coaches� role enabled them to exercise their power when working with the athletes, the athletes also exercised their power by sometimes defying the coaches� orders. Additionally, the administrators drew upon their authority to ensure their particular agenda was met, often at the expense of the coaches and athletes. This, not surprisingly, had implications on the climate of the programme as it affected the athletes� ability to trust those leading the programme which, in turn, affected their desire to train hard. The resulting climate was characterised by a degree of apathy on the part of the athletes which undoubtedly had consequences on their ability to support the programme and excel within it.
This research extends previous work in the coaching science community by examining the various layers of social interaction within the sporting environment. It highlights the interrelated, interdependent and sometimes problematic nature of relationships that construct and influence the climate of a training programme. The findings of this research support the importance of climate and raise the possibility it has on athlete performance.
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Hussain, Zakaria. "Intelligent Control Techniques for FES-Assisted Paraplegic Indoor Rowing Exercise." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521966.
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Donovan, Timothy Francis. "Anaerobic and aerobic components of racing and training in rowing." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436571.
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Dlamini, Thobile Lungile. "Masculine performance and enactment in the Rhodes University Rowing Club." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4315.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on the interactions between gender and power in the South African context, this study explores how masculinities are produced, reproduced and contested in one particular realm of social life, namely organised university sport. The study focuses on a rowing club at a historically white South African university (RURC). The narratives of ten male participants (aged between 19 and 23) who self-identified as heterosexual and were recruited from RURC, were utilised to make meaning of the process of identity construction of young males who participate in organised sport within the higher education sphere. The ethnographic aspect of the study, which spanned over three months, provided a window into the norms, values and rituals of the club and how these variously reinforce or interrupt the prevailing gender order. Employing Connell’s typology of masculinities as a lens, the study traces the lived construction of masculinity in the individual lives of the members of RURC as one sphere of university life in which masculinities are produced and contested. Within a wider culture that has been characterised as white, heteronormative and patriarchal, the study argues that although masculinities and masculine performances in the RURC are highly contested the practices of the club ultimately perpetuate an exclusionary, orthodox masculinity.
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Anderson, Scott Cameron. "Blood lactate reduction at three recovery intensities following severe rowing excercise." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26348.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to observe the differences in rates of blood lactate reduction (BLR) at three recovery intensities (40% VO₂max,
60% V02max, and combined recovery ) when subjects are highly trained
and aerobically fit. Eight well-trained oarsmen (age = 23.2 yr, Ht = 189.6 cm, Wt = 85.3 kg, VO₂max = 5.2 1 / min or 61.6 ml / kg min⁻¹) were tested
in one pre-experimental procedure and three experimental treatments. The pre-experimental procedure involved the determination of VO₂max,
and the loads at which 40 -, 50 -, and 60% VO₂max occurred from a
progressive load VO₂max. The three experimental treatments each
involved three one minute maximal load intervals on the rowing
ergometer to elevate blood lactate, followed by a 30 minute randomly assigned recovery on the rowing ergometer at either 40% VO₂max (40R),
60% VO₂max (60R), or combined recovery (CR). Blood samples, from an
indwelling catheter placed in the cephalic vein, were taken at t=0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9,12,15,18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 min of recovery. Analysis of plasma samples revealed a mean resting blood lactate concentration ( [ Bla ] ) of 1.2 mM and a mean peak [ Bla ] following maximal exercise of 16.3 mM. ANOVA indicated that no significant differences occurred between the rates of lactate reduction for the three treatments (p<.055). With p<.055 and an effect size of eta=.31, further testing using a post-hoc multicomparison analysis revealed a significantly faster (p<.05) rate of BLR during the 60R treatment when compared to the rate of BLR for 40R. No further differences were revealed between any of the other comparisons (40R vs CR, or 60R vs CR). The significant differences between the rate of BLR for 60R compared to 40R may be due to the subjects' high aerobic fitness, the specific nature of both their training and the recovery task, and physiological adaptations related to a high fitness level.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Cooper, Andrew. "Literary perspectives on the case for Beowulf's rowing adventure with Breca." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-50217.
Full textAbstract:
Tradition in the study of Beowulf has held that the discussion between Beowulf and Unferth regarding Beowulf’s victory over Breca concerns a swimming competition. However, some scholars have suggested that this section refers to a rowing or sailing adventure, due to some ambiguity in the language of the passage. Linguistic evidence for the rowing interpretation, mostly from the 1970's, is well-known but has been neither accepted by editors nor effectively countered by subsequent scholarship. By applying literary, dramatic and cultural theoretical principles to the two alternative explanations it became apparent that the rowing interpretation of the Breca episode is more appropriate within the literary and social context of Beowulf. This more-or-less ambiguous episode has been modified to fit Beowulf into a folk-tale ethos in which scholarship no longer admits it has a place. This nineteenth-century interpretation has now passed out of favour, but recent scholarship has remained committed a traditional interpretation of the Breca episode which now is clearly incongruous.
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Carter, Andrew G. W. "Effect of a new oarlock system on boat dynamics in rowing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ30782.pdf.
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Pike, Elizabeth C. J. "Illness, injury and sporting identity : a case study of women's rowing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7029.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to explore the injury experiences of female amateur British rowers located within a symbolic interactionist framework. The study intended to ascertain the major injury-risk factors and inform future practice. This follows the logic of previous researchers who have identified a culture of risk in sporting subcultures (Nixon, 1992) and have presented evidence of injuries related to participation in rowing (Bernstein, 1995; Edgar, 1999). A typology is presented identifying the key risk factors in rowing. A questionnaire was administered to rowers during the 1997 regatta season. The themes identified from this questionnaire were explored further through a period of participant observation in two rowing clubs, and semi-structured interviews conducted with members of both clubs and their coaches. The findings identified that it jury should be considered as part of a broader experience of illness in sport. The participants in the study had limited recognition of their vulnerability to illness and injury as a result of their involvement in rowing. The major risk factors appeared to be the high level of commitment expected of the rowers, pressures from significant others within the subculture (in particular the coaches), and inadequate medical support for amateur athletes. Illness and injury are considered to be embodied and emotional experiences, affecting the athlete's body project (Shilling, 1993). The stigma of such fatal flaws (Goffman, 1969; Sparkes, 1996) has the potential to disrupt the individual's sense of self as athlete andlor as female, which occasionally led to compensatory behaviour. It is suggested that coaching practice needs to be more humanistic than performanceoriented Furthermore, non-orthodox, complementary health care is recommended to offer women a more supportive environment for taking control of their own medical practice. Finally, it is believed that there is a need for greater dialogue between sociologists of sport and other sport scientists and medical professionals in order to develop a more holistic approach to working with sports participants.
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Hsu, Gwelleh Rachelle 1969. "SmartSHELL : measuring and motivating human performance in an outdoor rowing environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62120.
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Zorn, Sebastian P. "Body Composition, Dietary Habits, and Rowing Performance ofMale Collegiate Club Rowers." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149269022744971.
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De, las Casas Zolezzi Humberto Jose. "Design and Control of a Powered Rowing Machine with Programmable Impedance." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1501517088458169.
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Forsyth, J. J. "Development of procedures for assessing the effect of stroke rate on physiological variables during ergometer rowing." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13537.
Full textAbstract:
To determine the effect of stroke rate on lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and heart rate during ergometer rowing, pilot investigations were necessary to clarify methodological procedures. To examine the validity of using blood taken from the toe for the assessment of plasma lactate concentration, values were compared with those taken from the fingertip and earlobe. Subjects (n=9) exercised at work intensities corresponding to 76.4+/-6.1% and 91.4+/-4.7% of estimated heart rate maximum for 4 minutes. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between any of the sites at either work intensity. The toe has the advantage that repeated blood samples may be removed without interrupting the rowing action. A test to establish maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was developed for the Concept II rowing ergometer and examined for validity and reliability in 31 rowers. Re-test data for VO2max proved reliable (r=0.86), although not all of the criteria for ascertaining whether a VO2max value had been achieved, were satisfied. This was due to differences in response to maximal exercise among individuals. A final respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.10 rather than 1.15 was recommended as a criterion for establishing VO2max for club level rowers. To determine the highest level of work that can be sustained during rowing exercise without an increase in plasma lactate concentration, 30 subjects exercised for 10 minutes at work intensities corresponding to 75%, 85% and 95% VO2max. From the results, it was hypothesised that subjects could work for 7 minutes at 80% VO2max without significant differences occurring in plasma lactate concentration taken in the last minute of exercise of successive tests. These values were confirmed with a further study on 11 subjects. A method of directly measuring mechanical variables from the ergometer was initiated. It was hypothesised that the data collected from this and preceding studies could be used for further investigation into the effect of stroke rate on both physiological and mechanical variables.
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Івченко, Володимир Омелянович, Владимир Емельянович Ивченко, and Volodymyr Omelianovych Ivchenko. "Робота спортивної секції з веслування на байдарках та каноє в вищих навчальних закладах." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30601.
Full textAbstract:
Початок зайнять веслувальним спортом бере відлік з середніх спеціальних учбових закладів де є належні умови. Учні опановують веслування в спортивній секції за програмою спортивних шкіл, молоді і відповідно до методичних положень передбаченних для юних спортсменів - веслувальників і є базою для спортивного удосконалення.
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Geer, John R. "Effects of listening to music in a precompetition routine on mood and performance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3441.
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Fong, Hiu-fai. "Performance reliability of Hong Kong elite rowers on the instrumented rowing ergometer /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31941539.
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Fong, Hiu-fai, and 方曉輝. "Performance reliability of Hong Kong elite rowers on the instrumented rowing ergometer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501386X.
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Wingard, Philip A. (Philip Allen). "Improving the rowing process with a computer model and optimal control theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13423.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ocean. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1991.Title as it appears in the June, 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: Rowing optimization using a computer.
by Philip A. Wingard.
Ocean.E.
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Owen, Gareth. "Emotions and identities in sport : gay pride and shame in competitive rowing." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434416.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a participant observant ethnographic study of a United Kingdom based gay rowing club participating in mainstream competition. A methodological approach called emotional ethnography was developed to facilitate a focus on the emotional significance of sport participation. The study explored the performance of gay male athletic identities in mainstream competitive sport. Eight themes of emotional significance were identified: (i) sociability, (ii) personal achievement, (iii) motility pleasure, (iv) competitiveness, (v) gender performance, (vi) desire & identification, (vii) homophobia, and (viii) political significance. Primary motivations for rowing were generally framed around the sociability of team camaraderie, personal achievement and motility pleasure. The public performance of orthodox competitive masculinity and the partitioning of homoeroticism were considered essential to gaining acceptance in the mainstream rowing community, although privately, the shared ironic understandings of 'camping-it-up' contributed to the enjoyment of gay crew camaraderie. The visibility of gay identified rowers did trouble the heteronormativity of competitive rowing but the possibility of challenging the oppressive structures linked to the patriarchal dominance of sport were limited by the desire to identify with hegemonic athletic masculinity. The political significance of rowing as a gay crew was framed by proving that gay men could row as well as straight men, and the underlying emotional dynamic behind this strategy was the conversion of gay shame to gay pride. The study extends Elias and Dunning's theory of sport as a 'quest for excitement' with the incorporation of Silvan Tomkins's affect theory, to develop a pride-shame based theory of emotions in competitive sport.
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Ruggieri, Jason. "ROWERS' PERCEPTIONS OF EXERCISE ADHERENCE AND ROWING CULTURE: A MIXED-METHODS INVESTIGATION." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/143619.
Full textAbstract:
KinesiologyM.S.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: to quantitatively explore competitive rowers' perspectives of the benefits and barriers to exercise, and to use follow-up qualitative interviews to elicit insight into rowers' views of their sport culture, personal experience, and what it takes to be a dedicated, adherent athlete. A mixed-methods approach was used with online surveys and semi-structured interviews. Participants were club and university rowers in the Northeast Atlantic region, all of whom were at least 18 years of age and actively rowing at the time of study One hundred thirty-one athletes, 77 female and 54 male, participated in the quantitative phase of the study. The online survey included the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), a 43-item, 4-point Likert scale measure, and a Basic Demographics Questionnaire (BDQ). The EBBS measured perceived benefits of and barriers to physical exercise. Statistical analysis revealed no strong correlations between the EBBS factors and demographic data. An eight-factor solution resulted, with five benefits (psycho-physical competence, daily functional efficiency, psycho-emotional stability, preventative health, and social interaction) and three barriers (personal inconvenience, physical exertion, and family encouragement). The eight-factor solution correlated strongly with the original nine-factor solution from Sechrist, Walker, and Pender (1987). Nine participants, five men and four women, participated in follow-up interviews. Interviews were performed at a time and place convenient for the rower. The purpose of the interview was to elicit specific, genuine, rich content related to their rowing experience and how the benefits and barriers to physical activity and their place in rowing culture affect exercise adherence. Using an inductive-deductive approach prescribed by grounded theory, two core categories and additional sub-categories were developed in the coding process. From the data analysis, hindering factors and facilitating factors emerged as the core categories. Physical conditioning and health, optimization of personal characteristics, psycho-emotional stability, strong social community, environment, and interpretation of perceived barriers were subsumed under facilitating factors. The following sub-themes were contained in hindering factors: exercise demands, environment, and social issues. Rowers perceived strongly the benefits of their rowing experience, and stated that barriers are inherent to exercise and they are responsible for adapting to them.
Temple University--Theses
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Fogarty, Nicholas David Kemm. "Becoming Rower: Male Embodiment and Intimacy in an Inner West Rowing Club." Thesis, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14026.
Full textAbstract:
While sociological analyses of masculine sporting cultures have provided us with adept explorations of discursive practices in the field, I suggest that there are deeper modalities of communication in which athlete’s intentions are expressed and understood through inter-corporeal and non-cognitive processes. This transdisciplinary thesis supplements sociological analysis with a participant observational approach to explore both verbal and corporeal communication between men within the sport of rowing. I conduct ethnographic fieldwork at Kenswick, a rowing club located within Sydney’s inner suburbs that was first established in 1879. Following its reincarnation after a fire in the late 1990’s, the club developed a new membership demographic that now reflects that of inner Sydney more broadly. Close to half of the club’s members are gay-identifying with varying degrees of sexual openness relating to the various and overlapping social and sporting circuits operating within the club. Over four months I was embedded within the elite competitive men’s rowing squad across which time I observed that the combination of open and ambiguous sexual orientations resulted in tacit but strict protocols on and off the water. In line with Latour's argument that the social researcher should ‘follow’ (2005: 69) the interplay between human and non-human actants, I attended to the various machines engaged in the different zones of training both on and off the water. Using a combination of auto-ethnographic reflection and new materialist studies I explore how the material actants engaged in the sport of rowing engender varying inter-corporeal collaborations between men. As a result, I argue that masculine intimacy, discomfort and power must be understood on a corporeal level as well as the discursive level, with which we normally associate gender politics.
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Wigglesworth, Neil. "A social history of rowing in England from 1715 to the present day." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329075.
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Mola, Andrea. "Multi-physics and Multilevel Fidelity Modeling and Analysis of Olympic Rowing Boat Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28057.
Full textAbstract:
A multidisciplinary approach for the modeling and analysis of the performance of Olympic rowing boats is presented.
The goal is to establish methodologies and tools that would determine the effects of variations in applied forces and rowers motions and weights on mean surge speed and oscillatory boat motions. The coupling between the rowers motions with the hull and water forces is modeled with a system of equations. The water forces are computed using several fluid dynamic models that have different levels of accuracy and computational cost. These models include a solution of the Reynolds Averaged Navier--Stokes equations complemented by a Volume of Fluid method, a linearized 3D potential flow simulation and a 2D potential flow simulation that is based on the strip theory approximation. These results show that due to the elongated shape of the boat, the use of Sommerfeld truncation boundary condition does not yield the correct frequency dependence of the radiative coefficients. Thus, the radiative forces are not computed in the time-domain problem by means of a convolution integral, accounting for flow memory effects, but were computed assuming constant damping and added mass matrices. The results also show that accounting for memory effects significantly improves the agreement between the strip theory and the RANS predictions. Further improvements could be obtained by introducing corrections to account for longitudinal radiative forces, which are completely neglected in the strip theory.
The coupled dynamical system and the multi-fidelity fluid models of the water forces were then used to perform a sensitivity analysis of boat motions to variations in rowers weights, exerted forces and cadence of motion. The sensitivity analysis is based on the polynomial chaos expansion. The coefficients of each random basis in the polynomial chaos expansion are computed using a non-intrusive strategy. Sampling, quadrature, and linear regression methods have been used to obtain the these coefficients from the outputs generated by the system at each sampling point. The results show that the linear regression method provides a very good approximation of the PCE coefficients. In addition, the number of samples needed for the expansion, does not grow exponentially with the number of varying input parameters. For this reason, this method has been selected for performing the sensitivity analysis.
The sensitivity of output parameters to variations in selected input parameters of the system are obtained by taking the derivatives of the expansion with respect to each input parameter. Three test cases are considered: a light-weight female single scull, a male quad scull, and a male coxless four. For all of these cases, results that relate the effects of variations in rowers weights, amplitudes of exerted forces and cadence of rowing on mean boat speed and energy ratio, defined as the ratio of kinetic energy of the forward motion to that of the oscillatory motions, are presented. These results should be useful in the design of rowing boats as well as in the training of rowers.Ph. D.
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Clark, Jimmy Robert. "Energy system contribution to 2000 m rowing ergometry using the accumulate oxygen deficit." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53051.
Full textAbstract:
Exercise scientists and coaches frequently base physical conditioning objectives on the nature
and magnitude of the physiological demands imposed by competitive events. Part of this
demand may be characterized by the extent and proportion of aerobic and anaerobic energy
supply associated with performing an athletic task. Maximum effort rowing imposes severe
physiological demands owing to high force application per stroke, extensive skeletal muscle
involvement, and repetition of a unique movement pattern, distinguishing it somewhat from
other endurance exercise modalities. Rowing ergometry represents a valid and reliable
simulation of the biomechanical and physiological demands of on-water rowing, and the 2000 m
rowing ergometer time trial has become a standard physical performance test for rowers.
However, empirical information regarding proportional aerobic and anaerobic energy supply
during maximum effort 2000 m rowing is scarce. Studies which have investigated the theme
report a proportional dominance (70-90%) by aerobic energy supply, but the research studies
are limited in number and dissimilar in methodology. Further, models of relative energy system
contribution popularized in traditional textbooks frequently do not mirror the results of these
studies. The accumulated oxygen (O2) deficit (AOD) method, despite limitations, remains a
preferred method for differentiating aerobic and anaerobic energy supply during dynamic,
whole-body exercise in athletes, yet few AOD measurements have been made on rowers during
2000 m rowing ergometer time trials. Also, while several anthropometric and physiological
characteristics have long been shown to be associated with rowing performance, relationships
between energy system contributions and performance do not appear to have been investigated
to date. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relative energy system contributions
during a maximum effort 2000 m rowing ergometer time trial, and to determine the correlations
between performance and measures of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply. A quantitative, cross-sectional research study was designed to obtain descriptive and
correlational data from a sample of elite oarsmen during a single observation period. Twentyfive
national and international level male rowers (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 21.0 ±
3.6 years, rowing training history: 5.7 ± 3.4 years, maximum O2 uptake [VO2max]: 4.64 ± 0.54
L·min-1 or 58.9 ± 5.3 ml·kg-1·min-1) from the South African national rowing squad volunteered as
participants. In the first of two separate test sessions within a period spanning no more than five
days, participants underwent anthropometric assessment (body mass: 78.9 ± 7.6 kg, stature:
185.2 ± 5.5 cm, sum-of-seven skinfolds: 53.6 ± 9.8 mm) and completed a 2000 m time trial
(performance time: 405.6 ± 20.5 s, range: 373.0-452.0 s) on a Concept II rowing ergometer. The
second session involved an incremental rowing ergometer exercise test including five or six
submaximal intensity stages spanning the range 35-85% of time trial average power output, and
a maximum effort stage to determine peak power output and VO2max. Pulmonary O2 uptake
(VO2) was recorded continuously during exercise via open-circuit spirometry. Aerobic energy
supply was determined from accumulated O2 uptake during the time trial, while anaerobic
energy supply was calculated from the AOD. Specifically, incremental exercise test data was
used to establish the VO2-power output relationship (R2: 0.995 ± 0.004, SEE: 0.061 ± 0.028
L·min-1) for each participant, which was solved for average power output to yield the total
equivalent O2 demand of the 2000 m time trial. The difference between accumulated O2 uptake
and total equivalent O2 demand represented the AOD. Descriptive statistics were used to report
physiological responses and measures of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply, while
Spearman rank order correlation coefficients (rho) were calculated to evaluate the relationships
between energy system measures and 2000 m time trial performance.
The principal finding of this study was in agreement with earlier research reports that aerobic
and anaerobic energy supply respectively represented 80-82% (range: 73-93%) and 18-20%
(range: 7-27%) of total energy cost during a maximum effort 2000 m rowing ergometer time trial.
Notably, relative energy system contribution showed considerable variation among participants
which could not be fully explained by differences in exercise duration, since the correlations
between time trial performance and energy system fractional contributions, while significant (P <
0.05), were not strong (rho: 0.5-0.6). While significant relationships were also found between
2000 m performance time and age, rowing training history, body mass, stature, accumulated O2
uptake and AOD, only VO2max and peak VO2 (VO2peak) expressed in absolute terms, peak power
output, and total equivalent O2 demand demonstrated strong (rho: 0.82-0.96) correlations with
2000 m rowing ergometer performance time. Aerobic energy supply dominates total energy provision during a maximum effort 2000 m rowing
ergometer time trial, with VO2 reaching rates exceeding 97% of VO2max. However, AOD values
recorded in this study (6.10 L O2 eq or 76.9 ml O2 eq·kg-1) support the argument that 2000 m
rowing involves extensive utilization of anaerobic capacity. So while aerobic energy supply
dominates proportionally, the absolute values of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply reported
here underscore the large cumulative energy demand imposed by a 2000 m rowing ergometer
time trial. Significant relationships commonly observed between rowing performance and rower
characteristics, including measures of body size and endurance fitness, were corroborated by
this study. However, the ability to produce and sustain a high power output during rowing,
necessarily supported by the capacity for high absolute rates of both aerobic and anaerobic
energy supply regardless of their respective contributions was the bioenergetic capability
most strongly related to performance in a 2000 m rowing ergometer time trial in this study.
Improved understanding of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply during simulated rowing races
such as the 2000 m rowing ergometer time trial has practical utility for exercise scientists and
coaches in terms of rower identification and management, as well as in the planning, regulating
and monitoring of rowing training programmes. Future investigations should consider assessing
seasonal changes in the relative energy system contributions for a 2000 m rowing ergometer
time trial, and distribution of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply in relation to the regulation of
power output (pacing) during simulated rowing races.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Physiology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Bramsen, Robin Nicole. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRE-COMPETITIVE ANXIETY AND OCCURRENCE OF FLOW IN FEMALE COLLEGIATE CLUB ROWERS." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1173829890.
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Ektas, Nalan. "Design and Evaluation of an FES-Assisted Rowing System for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15258.
Full textAbstract:
Exercise and physical activity have been demonstrated to have potent effects on health outcomes, aerobic fitness and muscular strength in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, exercise opportunities for the SCI population are limited and special consideration is required, so as not to compromise the performance of daily activities such as wheelchair propulsion, weight relief and transfers. While physical activities have traditionally consisted of upper body exercise or wheelchair sports, advancement in functional electrical stimulation (FES) technology has facilitated the development of dynamic leg exercise modalities for individuals with lower limb paralysis or paresis. Furthermore, the combination of voluntary upper body exercise with lower limb FES has been demonstrated to increase the ‘dose potency’ of exercise to the requisite intensity necessary for enhancing physical fitness. FES-assisted rowing has recently been developed as a ‘hybrid’ exercise modality for SCI rehabilitation. Pilot studies have determined FES rowing to be welltolerated, with the benefits of increased exercise intensity for health outcomes. This thesis has investigated the development of FES rowing as an exercise modality for individuals with SCI, in order to develop a new approach which addressed the limitations of existing designs. The design and evaluation of a novel prototype FES rowing system, which comprised a floating foot stretcher, is presented herein. The limitations of existing FES rowing systems and future directions for research were first investigated in a narrative review that explored the evolution of FES rowing system designs, and evaluated the physiological and biomechanical outcomes of FES rowing. The outcome of this review identified a number of limitations associated with existing FES rowing implementations, which were largely based on fixed ergometer designs, where the rower pushes off a fixed foot stretcher and accelerates their body back and forth on a sliding rail. These limitations included early onset of leg muscle fatigue and insufficient muscle strength to successfully complete the rowing stroke. The deployment of floating stretcher ergometer was suggested as an alternative design that might address the issues associated with fixed foot stretcher ergometer designs. The review also identified further biomechanical characterisation as a potential area for research, due to the limited availability of literature examining the stroke mechanics of FES rowing. Following the outcomes of this review, a floating stretcher FES rowing system was constructed. This system was the first of its kind to integrate a commercial FES stimulator iii with an adapted RowperfectTM rowing ergometer, which has a sliding foot stretcher as the basis of its design. The FES rowing system prototype was found to be well tolerated by the SCI participants who evaluated the device. The hardware/software solution that was adopted enabled acquisition of accurate force and displacement data that could be used for quantification of upper and lower-limb external power, for future characterisation of FES rowing stroke mechanics. To further advance the initial prototype, a custom user interface integrated with FES control algorithms was developed. The system satisfied the design criteria for promoting ease of use during FES rowing, as well as user considerations for safety, neuromuscular stimulation, control and flexibility. The software algorithms were found to facilitate precise delivery of stimulation parameters and control via a PC laptop, as well as active and real-time feedback on FES rowing stroke parameters during training. The software solution developed will provide a unique, research friendly and easy-to-use method to enable further quantification and characterisation of the stroke mechanics of FES rowing. Following on from the development work, the final study evaluated the biomechanical characteristics of rowing on the FES rowing system. Rowing stroke trajectories, production of power on the handle and foot stretcher, total power production profiles, and mechanical efficiency during FES rowing by two individuals with SCI, were compared to the stroke mechanics of two experienced able-bodied (AB) rowers. The peak power generated on the handle and foot stretcher, were substantially greater during AB rowing when compared to FES-assisted rowing (up to 36 times and 69 times the peak power generated onto the handle and stretcher by the SCI rowers respectively). The SCI rowers were limited in their ability generate total external power onto the ergometer, producing only 2% to 4% of the peak power generated by the stronger AB rower. Greater variability in the production of peak total external power was found during FES rowing (10% to 25%) compared to the AB rowers (3% to 4%). The energy expended across all of the joints and the external work done on the ergometer was significantly limited during FES rowing; however, the mechanical efficiency of FES-assisted rowing was found to be similar or more efficient than voluntary rowing. This investigation outlined the limited ability of rowers with SCI to generate external power onto the ergometer. However, the more mechanically efficient style of SCI rowing compared to the able-bodied rowing stroke, suggests that this unique approach to FES-assisted rowing is a suitable modality for individuals with SCI who may have an interest in hybrid exercise. iv This thesis presented a promising and novel approach to FES rowing which provides a safe and effective exercise for people with SCI. Most importantly, the developed system enabled additional prospects for physical activity and exercise for individuals with chronic SCI. The floating stretcher may enable a more suitable rowing paradigm for persons with SCI, in particular for individuals who are new to FES exercise, or who are unable to row extensively on fixed stretcher FES rowing systems. Strategies that improve the timing and coordination of the FES rowing stroke may enhance the stroke-to-stroke consistency and delivery of external power to the ergometer, and thus the performance of the SCI rower. The novel user interface incorporated within this prototype will provide a superior platform for monitoring rowing performance during long term training or competitive rowing. The flexibility of the integrated user interface may encourage further use of FES rowing system, as an exercise modality for individuals with SCI, within research or rehabilitation centres. The research conducted and prototype developed herein will facilitate opportunities for future investigations into clinical outcomes and determination of optimal training protocols using the floating stretcher FES rowing system. Further research that evaluates the FES rowing system across a larger cohort of individuals with SCI, and further investigates the effect of the ergometer design on additional stroke parameters and aerobic outcomes is recommended.