Relevant bibliographies by topics / Routes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Routes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 23 November 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Routes"

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Çelebi Karakök, Meryem Elif. "Determining the Characteristics of Faith-Themed Routes in Order to Receive an International Certificate: Studies on St. Paul’s Travels." Religions 14, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14091097.

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The religious journeys of humanity and their components are now recognized as cultural heritage values. UNESCO, WHC, ICOMOS, CIIC, and COE are organizations that actively work and issue international certificates for the protection, promotion, and survival of religious routes. These organizations have certified 14 faith-based routes as of 2023. A route’s certification is critical since it allows the route to be recognized globally and accessible to international tourism. However, each institution has its own set of requirements to obtain these certificates. When all religious cultures are examined, 14 routes are insufficient to explain the phenomenon of religion to today’s people. For this reason, it is beneficial to increase the current number by re-activating the religious routes that have affected large masses. Many countries apply every year to obtain certificates from these organizations with various route studies. However, many applications are rejected as insufficient. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the effective criteria for religious routes to receive international certification. In this regard, St. Paul’s Route stands out for its extensive geography spanning 12 countries and international potential. St. Paul is regarded as the most important figure in the spread of Christianity from Jerusalem to Anatolia and Europe. However, the St. Paul Routes being implemented do not meet the criteria of the any certificates. But the authentic St. Paul Route has the potential to receive certification from all organizations. In this research, the criteria required for the St. Paul Route to be certified by international organizations were investigated. A certified St. Paul Route will benefit many issues, including inter-religious dialogue between 12 countries, international cooperation, world peace, and sustainable tourism. It is thought to be an exemplary route with these features.
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Jin, Wenquan, Azimbek Khudoyberdiev, and Dohyeun Kim. "Visualization and Analysis of Safe Routes to School based on Risk Index using Student Survey Data for Safe Mobility." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.3.1163.

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Risk analysis is important in heterogeneous industrial domains to enable sustainable development. Data is the basis for emphasizing the potential risk elements for improving efficiency, quality, and safety. For supplying safe routes to schools based on risk analysis, the risk assessment of routes is one of the widely used and very effective methodologies to filter the most dangerous roads, intersections, or specific points on roads. This paper presents a visualization and analysis of the risk assessment approach based on the risk index model using geographical information, including routes, danger points, and student survey data. The proposed risk index model is used for deriving a risk index based on geographical information, including danger points and a route's path. The model includes an equation to calculate the distance of danger points to the path using the coordinates of each location. The survey data is mainly comprised of route and survey information that is analyzed and preprocessed for the input data of the risk index model. The survey mainly consists of basic information on the route, survey participants, school route information, and school route coordinates. The data is classified into the school route data set and the school route danger points data set, and these values are applied to the analysis and the risk index model. Also, the risk index model is designed and developed through the analysis of routes.
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Nagel, Kai, and Christopher L. Barrett. "Using Microsimulation Feedback For Trip Adaptation For Realistic Traffic In Dallas." International Journal of Modern Physics C 08, no. 03 (June 1997): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183197000412.

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This paper presents a day-to-day re-routing relaxation approach for traffic simulations. Starting from an initial planset for the routes, the route- based microsimulation is executed. The result of the microsimulation is fed into a re-router, which re-routes a certain percentage of all trips. This approach makes the traffic patterns in the microsimulation much more reasonable. Further, it is shown that the method described in this paper can lead to strong oscillations in the solutions.
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Dewi, Euis Puspita, I. Gede Agus Suwartane, Siti Komsiah, Rilla Sovitriana, Nana Trisnawati, and Maya Syafriana Effendi. "INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MAPPING OF SENTUL-BOGOR TREKKING TOURISM DESTINATIONS TOWARD ONE STOP SENTUL TOURISM (OSST)." Malaysian Applied Geography 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/magg.01.2023.30.37.

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Sentul trekking tourism in Bogor is becoming increasingly popular as it provides many attractive natural sights and is a safe option for tourists during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. Nevertheless, access to information on the geographical description of tourism destinations is not available. In the context of tourist development, reliable, interactive, and fascinating geographical information regarding hiking routes and tourism objects is required. The purpose of this article is to discuss the development of a interactive digital map containing routes and areas of interest for the Sentul Bogor hiking tourist item and displaying multimedia content in the form of text, graphics, and images. This interactive digital map was created using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and includes all multimedia components such as images, text, and Figures that are displayed dynamically. This article identifies six routes in Bogor’s Sentul Region that are prioritized for presentation on an interactive digital map. The Routeis divided into two levels: basic and intermediate. The basic level comprises the Leuwi Asih Waterfall Way, the Leuwi Hejo Waterfall Route, the Cibingbin Waterfall Route, the Goa Garonggang Waterfall Road, the Paniisan Hill Route, and the Ciburial Waterfall Route.
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Vakulenko, K., N. Sokolova, E. Lezhneva, J. Vetushka, and N. Shyllye. "ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE CITY'S ROUTES’ INDICATORS ON THE DECREASE IN PASSENGER INCOME AS A RESULT OF TRANSPORT FATIGUE." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 163 (June 29, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-179-186.

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One of the requirements of our time is a high-quality public transport service for passengers. Reliability and regularity of traffic, duration and comfort of the trip, traffic safety, availability of equipped and convenient stops - all this and many other factors affect the quality of passenger service. The peculiarities of the organization of passenger transportation, as well as the performance of city routes, affect the psychophysiological state of a person and, as a result, the functional state and the degree of passenger fatigue, which leads to a decrease in his income. The study identified and analyzed the performance indicators of competing routes, which duplicate each other: bus route №276e and trolleybus route № 46. Based on the analysis of studies in the field of the quality of the provision of services by passenger transport, a survey form was formed on the quality of transportation on the routes of urban passenger transport. The assessment of the degree of consistency of experts' opinions using the Kendall coefficient of concordance indicates the consistency of expert opinions. Most of the criteria that were determined by passengers (interval of movement, the degree of filling and the service life of the vehicles) are indicators of the operation of the route, affect the passenger's transport fatigue and a decrease in the passenger's income. The change in the level of transport fatigue of the passenger during the waiting periods and at the end of the route trip in general along the directions of movement and on the individual hauls of the routs are determined. When assessing the quality of transport service on routes, the obtained values of transport fatigue indicate that when using routes, the condition of passengers is assessed as "good". But, if we consider the state of the passenger while using the individual hauls of the routes, his transport fatigue changes significantly and is assessed as "satisfactory". The value of a decrease in passenger income on routes increases throughout the trip, due to the dense filling of the vehicle interior, which negatively affects the functional state of the passenger. Under the existing conditions of passenger transportation on routes, the value of passenger fatigue and the value of passenger income reduction on bus route No. 276e exceeds the value of this indicator on the trolleybus route. To improve the organization of the bus route No. 276е, it is proposed to update vehicles and use buses with a larger passenger capacity (III class instead of I and II, which are used on the bus route now). After the implemented proposed measures for the busiest direction: the occupancy rate of the bus cabin decreased from 1,05 to 0,36, transport fatigue decreased from 5,5 points to 3,03 points, respectively, the value of the decrease in income from 60,55 UAH to 51,53 UAH. Updating vehicles on the Kharkiv bus routes are an urgent problem that requires an immediate solution to improve the quality of passenger transportation. The use of obsolete vehicles on city bus routes affects not only the passenger's fatigue, but also the drivers and, as a result, the likelihood of an road traffic accident. A significant adverse factor affecting the driver is the air pollution of the vehicle interior with harmful compounds, especially carbon monoxide.
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Röpke, Leonardo Luís, and Manuel Osório Binelo. "Development of an Artificial Intelligence System (AI) Based on Patterns Recognition for the Analysis of Vehicular Routes." Inteligencia Artificial 23, no. 65 (June 9, 2020): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol23iss65pp67-85.

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This work presents the study and development of an Artificial Intelligence system, with focus on K-means algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks, to assist fleet managers in the identification of routes and route deviations. The developed tool has the objective of modernizing the process of identification of routes and deviations of routes. The results show that the Artificial Neural Networks obtained a 100% accuracy rate in the identification of routes, and in the identification of route deviations the RNAs were able to identify 61% of the routes presented. Therefore, RNAs are an excellent technique to be applied to the identification of routes and deviations of routes. The K-means algorithm presented good results when applied in the discovery of similar routes, thus becoming an important tool applied to the work of monitoring vehicles routes.
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Arion, O., and A. Kulagina. "The role of memory routes in the modern tourist dimension." Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources, no. 4 (2024): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2024.4.special-19/19.

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This article is devoted to memory routes, which open up new opportunities for the tourism industry by transforming ordinary routes into educational and cultural tools. Integrating them into the tourist space enriches visitors' perception of history and culture, while also emphasizing the importance of an ethical approach to presenting historical events. Such routes not only enhance cultural tourism but also contribute to the formation of national identity and the preservation of historical memory. The article explores the role of memory routes in modern tourism. It identifies the content and place of memory routes in tourism from the perspective of various concepts such as cultural tourism, route tourism, cultural routes, and heritage routes. Memory routes are considered as a type of heritage route, specific tourist paths based on landmarks associated with historical events, significant locations, or figures that played a crucial role in shaping national or cultural identity. The integration of such routes into the tourism space and their impact on visitors' perception of history and cultural heritage are analyzed. Special attention is given to the concept of historical memory and the ethical aspects of presenting events as the basis for route formation. The importance of memory routes for shaping national identity and historical memory is emphasized.
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Kim, Je Min, Hae Jung Baek, and Young Tack Park. "POI Detection and Route Identification Using Smartphone Sensor Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.997.

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In this paper, we represent approaches for detecting users’ POIs and identifying personal routes based on temporal smartphone sensor data, including GPS. POIs and routes of users are factors that affect prediction of a traveling route. However, recording user destinations and the routes of training data is almost impossible when building a route model. Thus, we propose algorithms that automatically extract the points of destinations and routes using GPS.
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Jie, Junwu, and Congjin Miao. "Analysis and Selection of Shipping Route in Ocean." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012151.

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Abstract This electronic document is a “live” template. Ocean navigation is a long-distance cross ocean navigation. There are three kinds of ocean routes in common use: great circle route, rhumb line route and mixed route. The great circle route is usually used when ships are sailing in the ocean, but sometimes in the mid latitude sea area, the rhumb line route is a choice in the mid latitude sea area. Combined with the calculation of a navigation example, this paper makes some analysis on the selection of ocean routes in mid latitude sea area, illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of these three ocean routes with data, and draws a conclusion on how to choose the routes.
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Krebs, Nathathai, and Boonsub Panichakarn. "Optimal Route in International Transportation of Thailand – Guangxi (China)." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.1(5).

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Objective - This study examines the selection of international transportation routes from Thailand to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), People's Republic of China. Guangxi has been designated a significant role as the gateway to ASEAN and has several land borders and seaports connecting to countries in ASEAN. Methodology/Technique - In this work, we studied 6 connecting routes, 3 of which are road routes, namely routes R8, R9, and R12 and 3 other multimodal (road-sea) routes operating from/to Laemchabang port and Nanning of Guangxi, route through Haiphong port of Vietnam, route through Qinzhou port of China, and route through Guangzhou port of China. We analysed the data using the Cost/Time Distance Model, in combination with surveys and in-depth interviews, to investigate the limitations and benefits of each route. Findings - Base on costs in 2017, we found that sea routes have much lower costs than the land routes in general; the lowest cost is route through Qinzhou port. On the other hand, the time used in transportation is much shorter for the land routes; the shortest route is the R12 route. Furthermore, in terms of limitations and benefits, we found that the Qinzhou route has many limitations such as long custom processes for fruit and agricultural products and no backhaul cargo. Meanwhile, the limitations for route R8 include crossing Mekong river on truck ferries and the presence of very steep mountain roads in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Route R12 winds down the mountain both in Vietnam and Laos, whereas route R9 is advantageous; most of that route has a flat terrain and is operated under the Cross-Border Transport Agreement (CBTA). The route through Haiphong port is also advantageous with a direct highway from Haiphong to Hanoi of Vietnam. In conclusion, it is suggested that road transportation is more efficient than sea transportation. Novelty - Further consideration among road routes and, with emphasis on costs and time, the best route is then route R12. However, if one is concerned with risk of damage to products, then route R9 is the best. The optimal route from Thailand to Guangxi depends on the conditions and decision criteria of the stakeholders. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: International Transportation; Multimodal Transportation; Cost/time Distance Model; Guangxi (China); Road Transportation; Sea Transportation. JEL Classification: F02, F10, F19.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Routes"

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Monast, Robineau Pascal Provencher Léo Dubois Jean-Marie. "Évaluation environnementale et économique de la méthode du tiers inférieur pour l'entretien des fossés routiers." [Québec : Transports Québec], 2008. http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/bs707226.

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Lorentz, Rudy. "Roots and Routes." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6338.

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The project Roots and Routes is an intergenerational narrative connecting three locations: London, Mandeville and Stockholm, focusing primarily on the histories of women and non-binary people. It looks at what affect it has on our sense of cultural identity to grow up in the diaspora, disconnected from the country of our parents or grandparents. Roots and Routes presents the search for a sense of belonging, whilst existing in the in-between. This report explores the different elements of the project, through text and image.
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Thirunavukkarasu, Muthukumar. "Reinforcing Reachable Routes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9904.

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Reachability routing is a newly emerging paradigm in networking, where the goal is to determine all paths between a sender and a receiver. It is becoming relevant with the changing dynamics of the Internet and the emergence of low-bandwidth wireless/ad hoc networks. This thesis presents the case for reinforcement learning (RL) as the framework of choice to realize reachability routing, within the confines of the current Internet backbone infrastructure. The setting of the reinforcement learning problem offers several advantages, including loop resolution, multi-path forwarding capability, cost-sensitive routing, and minimizing state overhead, while maintaining the incremental spirit of the current backbone routing algorithms. We present the design and implementation of a new reachability algorithm that uses a model-based approach to achieve cost-sensitive multi-path forwarding. Performance assessment of the algorithm in various troublesome topologies shows consistently superior performance over classical reinforcement learning algorithms. Evaluations of the algorithm based on different criteria on many types of randomly generated networks as well as realistic topologies are presented.
Master of Science
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Horsten, Frederik Hendrik. "Historische wegenatlas van Nederland : 16e tot 19e eeuw /." [S.l. : s.n], 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35588172n.

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Yerpez, Joël. "Le risque routier dans la ville : essai sur une commune provençale /." Paris : Anthropos : diff. Economica, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369997779.

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Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Aix-Marseille III, Institut d'aménagement régional, 1994. Titre de soutenance : Structuration de l'espace social, aménagement urbain et sécurité routière au miroir de la localité, essai sur les territoires circulatoires dans une commune provençale.
Bibliogr. p. 205-214. Glossaire.
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Khosh, Khooee Saba. "Routes Splitting Urban Areas." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-47855.

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Since automobiles are detachable elements of contemporary urban life, studying the interactions imposed by them to urban forms is helpful to develop urban areas. The isolated neighborhoods locating along highways are the common picture that easily can be found in most of developed cities. The more advanced traffic networks a city possesses the more detached neighborhoods can be detected in it. The main question trying to be answered in this study is how to reattach these separated areas together and how to create a peaceful coexistence between highways and their neighborhoods. In order to find an answer, a municipality named Upplands Väsby (in the north of Stockholm) has been studied and analyzed. This real sample with internal connectivity problems was supposed to provide a ground to analyze the outcome of proposed interventions. This process resulted in obtaining a general policy in approaching this issue and some flexible interventions proper for this specific site of study. Finally, the study implies on the possibility of reattaching isolated area over high-speed roads. It also brought up some suggestions for improvement of mobile passenger’s perception of the road and surrounding areas while facilitating the pedestrian’s movement through the site.
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Ma, Xinyi M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "From roots to routes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109027.

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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-79).
Over the past two decades, more than 200 million people in China moved from rural to urban areas. These migrants fled the countryside, which is regarded as an economic wasteland in perpetual stagnation that is locked by feudal traditions and peasant values, to the largest cities. They sought to be connected to a modern China, one that is marked by a booming economy and pronounced popular culture. These rural- to-urban migrants have formed the largest peacetime inland migration in history. Mobility is a socially produced motion that often bears ideologies. It is associated with a desire for progress, freedom, and opportunity. The massive inland migration in China demonstrates the tremendous social force that aims to overcome the outdated social strata. However, as migrants move, limitations on mobility emerge. The Hukou, the household registration system in China, is an institutional framework that has entrenched the social strata for ages. Records of births, marriages, and moves identify each person with a place. As soon as migrants move from their designated origins, immobility appears: welfare exclusion, job inequity, urban transit inaccessibility, to name just a few. This thesis proposes to study this condition of mobility, immobility and estrangement in the district of Minhang, Shanghai, where 1.5 million migrants currently live and work. Scooter, an emerging fast and cheap personal vehicle, is the protagonist in this story of migrants. Linking closely to migrants' life, scooters are not only their primary means of transportation but also their means of production. Its mobility empowers migrants to move beyond their territory, while its unique scale and flexibility links to rich spatial possibilities.
by Xinyi Ma.
M. Arch.
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Smith, Douglas R. G. "Routes toward biomimetic polysiloxanes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528355.

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Brassard, Francis. "Développement d'un simulateur reproduisant le profil des routes sous les roues d'un vélo." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1568.

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L'industrie du vélo utilise à profusion le terme confort sans savoir parfaitement ce que cela représente. Aucun outil scientifique n'existe afin d'identifier le confort et ainsi la conception d'un simulateur de vibration de la route est envisagée. Le principal objectif de ce projet de maîtrise est de concevoir un simulateur permettant de reproduire le profil de la route afin de retrouver les mêmes niveaux de vibration que lorsque le vélo roule sur la route. Ainsi, la conception du simulateur se divise en deux parties : la conception mécanique du banc de test qui sert de pièce maîtresse du simulateur ainsi que le calcul des profils numériques des routes. Le premier volet présente la conception mécanique du banc de test. Le banc de test est la pièce maîtresse qui supporte le vélo et qui transmet le mouvement provenant des actionneurs à l'aide d'un bras d'amplification mécanique des mouvements. Le mouvement est créé par des actionneurs de la compagnie D-Box qui présentent plusieurs limitations et contraintes influençant directement la conception du banc de test et le calcul des profils de route. La démarche afin de calculer des profils numériques des routes est présentée dans le deuxième volet. Les profils de route sont la représentation numérique de la route réelle. Ces derniers servent de signal alimentant les actionneurs du banc de test. Afin de calculer les profils, il est nécessaire de faire des mesures d'accélération sur la route et, à l'aide de la technique du problème inverse, les profils de route sont calculés. La démarche de conception se termine avec une validation du simulateur. Ce chapitre dédié à la validation démontre que l'utilisation d'une amplification mécanique à l'aide d'un bras de levier n'influence pas les mesures. La précision de la reproduction de la route est également étudiée alors qu'un écart de 6% à 9% est remarqué entre les mesures d'accélération sur la route et celles sur le banc de test. Le dernier volet du mémoire présente un exemple d'utilisation possible du banc de test. Une étude comparative identifie qu'il n'est pas suggéré d'utiliser des masses inertes afin de remplacer un cycliste. Ces résultats sont basés sur des études dynamiques d'un cadre de vélo.
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Plynning, Emil. "Route planning using multiple attributes : Finding routes other than the shortest for bicycles." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188886.

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Congestion and pollution are two ever increasing problems in our would of urbanization. Bicycling is one of the most sustainable means of transport and it is a great way of reducing congestion in cities. Route planners which brings out the best aspects of bicycling and promotes them during route calculation is a good way of increasing the attractiveness of bicycling. When planning a route today there are online services which can perform regular route planning taking only the length of each route into consideration. The objective of this paper is to introduce an alternative way of performing route planning using other traits than just the length when determining the best route. This paper introduces an algorithm which is able to perform route planning which takes several aspects into account. The algorithm uses two additional attributes together with the length to determine the cost of traversing each polyline. The additional attributes used are named nature and slope index. The nature index is supposed to give a numerical representation of the environment surrounding the polyline, this is calculated using a land cover map and a buffer around each polyline which represents its neighborhood. The nature index is used to make the route planner prefer more beautiful paths along water, park or forests over shorter ones which passes through high density development for instance. The slope index is stores the average slope of the entire polyline. It is calculated using a digital elevation model and dividing the height difference between the start and end point with the length resulting in a slope percentage. The slope index is used to find paths which are as flat as possible.   The two indexes together with the length attribute are then combined in seven different cost functions, each weighting the attributes differently to accommodate different preferences. Each of the calculated costs is stored as an attribute for every polyline. Networks on which route planning can be performed are then built using these cost attributes. The resulting networks are inspected visually using the indexes as display factors and determined to be accurate. Route planning using these networks results routes do follow areas with higher nature index and avoids slopes. In this paper a few examples of routes with an orthophoto as background are included which clearly illustrates that the nature index promotes the correct type of environment.
Trafikstockning och föroreningar är två växande problem när vår värld fortsätter att urbaniseras. Cykel är ett av de mest hållbara transportmedlen och är samtidigt väldigt effektiv för att minska trängseln i städerna. Ruttplanerare som framhäver de bästa aspekterna med att cykla och använder dem vid beräkningen av den bästa rutten är ett bra sätt att öka attraktiviteten med att cykla. Vid planering av rutter med hjälp av online-verktyg så tas i dagsläget endast längden av rutten i beaktning. Den här rapporten syftar till att introducera ett alternativt sätt att beräkna rutter som tar fler aspekter än bara längden i beaktning för att hitta den optimala rutten.   Denna rapport introducerar en algoritm som har förmågan att ta med flera aspekter vid beräkningen av en optimal rutt. Algoritmen använder sig av två extra attribut tillsammans med längden för att beräkna kostnaden av att färdas längs en linje. Dessa attribut kallas i rapporten nature och slope index. Nature index syftar till att ge en numerisk representation av miljön kring en linje. Nature index beräknas genom att använda sig en karta med markanvändningsklasser tillsammans med buffers som representerar området kring varje linje. Nature index används för att ruttplaneraren ska föredra vackrare vägar som går längs med vatten, parker eller genom skog framför en väg som exempelvis går genom tät bebyggelse. Slope index lagrar informationen om medellutningen för varje linje. Slope index beräknas med hjälp av en höjdkarta där höjdskillnaden mellan start- och slutpunkten divideras med längden vilket ger linjens lutning i procent. Slope index används för att hitta vägar som är så platta som möjligt.   Nature och slope index kombineras sedan tillsammans med linjens längdattribut i sju olika kostnadsfunktioner där alla attribut viktas olika. Resultatet av alla kostnadsfunktioner sparas sedan som ett attribut för varje linje. Sedan används kostnadsattributen till att bygga nätverk för ruttplanering som använder sig av den beräknade kostnaden.   De resulterande nätverken inspekteras sedan visuellt där de olika indexen används som visnings faktorer. Resultatet bedöms vara korrekt baserat på inspektionen. När dessa nätverk används för ruttplanering resulterar det i vägförslag som faktiskt följer områden med högre nature index och föredrar platta vägar. I rapporten ingår några exempel av rutter där ett ortofoto används som bakgrund för att få en visuell referens. Det är tydligt att nature index faktiskt framhäver rutter som följer rätt typ av miljö i exemplen.
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Books on the topic "Routes"

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Okas, John. Routes. Sag Harbor, N.Y: Permanent Press, 1994.

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Arquie, G. Routes. Vaulx en Velin [France]: E.N.T.P.E., 1985.

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Plossu, Bernard. Routes. Paris, France: Marval, 2002.

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Shropshire Centre for Mathematics Education. Routes. Shrewsbury: Shropshire Centre for Mathematics Education, 1992.

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Nault, Jennifer. Trade routes. Calgary: Weigl, 2007.

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Lewis, Marguerita North. Escape routes. Nairobi, Kenya: Horizon Books, 1990.

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European Workshop on Human Impact on Environment (1992 Washington, D.C.). Excursions routes. Tallin [Estonia]: Institute of Ecology and Marine Research, Estonian Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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Levine, Francine. Cultural routes. West Bloomfield, MI (5727 Dunmore, West Bloomfield 48322): Olive Press, 1992.

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Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Qualification routes. 2nd ed. London: CIPD, 2000.

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editor, Ben-David Chaim, ed. Darkhe ha-beśamim 2020. Yerushalayim: Dan Peri, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Routes"

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Wintermeyer, Stefan. "Routes." In Learn Rails 5.2, 217–42. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3489-1_5.

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Farrall, Peter, and Iain Jackson. "Routes." In 100 Site Analysis Essentials, 100–123. London: RIBA Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003485988-3.

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Bernhard, H. Christian. "Routes." In Managing Stress in Music Education, 1–7. New York: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge new directions in music education series: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003366-1.

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Denis, Michel. "Routes and Route Directions." In Space and Spatial Cognition, 149–60. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315103808-16.

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Litvinavicius, Taurius. "Routes." In Exploring Blazor. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6126-2_11.

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Joseph, Janelle. "Routes." In Sport in the Black Atlantic. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526104939.00007.

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Burton, Audrey. "Routes." In The Bukharans, 391–412. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315026527-14.

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Bhimull, Chandra D. "Routes." In Empire in the Air. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479843473.003.0012.

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Chapter 5 discusses how an air route was made. In 1937, Imperial Airways (U.K.) and Pan American Airways (U.S.A.) launched an air passenger service between Bermuda and New York. It was the first transatlantic route of its kind. For it to happen, one of the first airlines in the colonial Caribbean, Caribbean Airways, was forced to close down. Chapter 5 examines the making of a major international air alliance and the unmaking of a local colonial airline. It relays a story about routes as lines of connection and disconnection, and ultimately reorients how the transatlantic is imagined and understood.
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"Routes." In Fragments of the City, 3–10. University of California Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20ds9qd.6.

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"Routes." In Fragments of the City, 1–10. University of California Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520382251-004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Routes"

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Sakaguchi, Tatsuhiko, and Takeru Kobayashi. "A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Designing Cable Routes in Buildings." In 2024 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2024-140810.

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Abstract To reliably supply electricity to each room in a building, electrical cable wiring is essential. Electrical cables must be routed to avoid deterioration of building strength and fire prevention equipment functions. However, if the length of the cable is long, a voltage drop will occur, so it is necessary to design the shortest cable route. Electrical cables are usually installed in the ceiling, so other equipment such as ducts and water pipes should also be avoided. As a result, cable routes tend to be quite complex. Currently, skilled engineers are designing the cable route based on their experience. However, in Japan, a shortage of human resources among construction companies become a major issue, and electrical equipment construction is no exception. Therefore, a system that supports the design of cable routes is desired. In this research, to support the cable route design for one floor of a building, we propose a graph-theoretic approach.
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Drenova, Anna, and Andrey Velichko. "ANCIENT CONTINENTAL DUNES IN EASTERN EUROPE, THEIR DISTRIBUTION, AGE, WIND DIRECTION." In Scientific conference "Routes of Evolutionary Geography". Institute of Geography RAS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/reg2016-01.

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Mevel, B., and J. L. Guyader. "Experimental Routes to Chaos in Ball Bearings." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34928.

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In a previous paper [1], the theoretical prediction of a ball bearing motion was studied and different routes to chaos described. The aim of this paper is to study experimentally routes to chaos in a ball bearing and to observe whether theoretical predictions of the phenomena are realistic. An experimental test bench was built and a technique to observe Poincare´ maps is proposed. The experience clearly shows the appearance of instability in the bearing motion, and two different routes to chaos are described as expected in theory. The first route is related to the first resonant frequency of the bearing. It is a sub-harmonic route. The second route, related to the second resonant frequency, is a quasi-periodic route.
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Andrić Gušavac, Bisera, Gordana Savić, and Milan Martić. "A ROUTE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS BASED ON DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS: AN APPLICATION TO AGRICULTURE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0032.

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This study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate the performance of agricultural aircraft routes. In the context of agricultural aircraft usage, not enough attention has been paid to the efficiency study of the routes in agricultural operations. Aircraft are used in agriculture to perform various treatments on agricultural land. Presumptions in this study are that a land is divided into parcels and one type of treatment must be performed on these parcels. Also, the considered operation is performed by the agricultural aircraft and the size of the analyzed land implies that all parcels cannot be treated in one route, so there are multiple routes which have to be completed. Here, we propose application of output oriented CCR DEA model on one set of routes in order to determine relatively efficient routes. Proposed inputs for the application of the DEA method are: tank capacity of an aircraft and total cost of parcel treatment in one route. Proposed outputs are: total treated land area (total area of all parcels in route) in one route and percentage share of effective flight in the total distance traveled in one route. In this way relatively efficient routes can be selected, and some further analysis of relatively inefficient routes can be made in order to see what changes can be done in inputs and / or outputs of these inefficient routes to improve their performance.
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Cai, Huankai, and Xiaolong Chai. "Characterization of tourist routes and route planning." In CAIBDA 2024: 2024 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and Algorithms, 1129–32. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3690407.3690594.

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Li, Man, Yuhe Zhang, and Wenjia Wang. "Analysis of route choice behavior using frequent routes." In 2011 IEEE Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems (FISTS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fists.2011.5973606.

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Patel, Kayur, Mike Y. Chen, Ian Smith, and James A. Landay. "Personalizing routes." In the 19th annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1166253.1166282.

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Shaghaghi, Navid, Aidan Mackey, Stephen Mistele, Kevin Rooney, and Nicholas Tallis. "Safe Routes." In GoodTechs '20: 6th EAI International Conference on Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411170.3411269.

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Sharma, Prashant, Dilbagh Singh, Amit Kumar, Amit Gautam, and Vikram Khanna. "A Novel Approach to Define and Validate Market Representative Routes for IUPRm Development in India." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0361.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To promote real time monitoring, IUPRm checks has been enforced in India from Apr’23 as a part of BS6-2 regulation. Since IUPRm monitoring is representative of diagnostic frequency in real driving conditions and usage pattern. Therefore, a clear understanding of real-world driving is required to define IUPRm targets. This paper shares methodology and Validation steps for defining IUPR routes for Indian market. Methodology objective is to standardize the market operating conditions over a particular region. Selected Methodology consist of three steps:</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For defining IUPR route framework, first step is to have a pre-market survey to know current IUPR status and improvement areas in existing market vehicles. Second step is to define market representative localized on road routes based on the finding of Pre-market survey. Third step is to validate defined IUPR routes and correlate the output in reference to coverage of market operating conditions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Routes definition (Step 2) starts with organizing customer survey to capture real driving inputs like Average trip mileage, route traffic density, driving style etc. Based on survey inputs, prospective routes should be shortlisted as per route selection criteria and further based on drive pattern analysis, performed on ECU log data collected over prospective routes, route finalization can be done.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For Validation of defined IUPR routes (Step 3), Post market survey can be conducted in which market data of the models developed on IUPR methodology should be collected and general metrics like Average IUPR, Gen. Denominator trend, demographical variations etc. can be analyzed. From post market survey, correlation of average IUPR and other metrics defined above, can be done to verify whether development over defined routes cover all major conditions of target market or not.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">With this study, robust IUPR routes can be framed which will help the function development team in evaluating IUPRm in upcoming passenger cars.</div></div>
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Sharma, Prashant, Dilbagh Singh, Amit Kumar, Amit Gautam, and Vikram Khanna. "A Novel Approach to Define and Validate Market Representative Routes for IUPRm Development in India." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2599.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To promote real time monitoring, In use performance ratio monitoring “IUPRm” checks has been enforced in India from Apr’23 as a part of BS6-2 regulation. Since IUPRm is representative of diagnostic frequency in real driving conditions and usage pattern. therefore, a clear understanding of real-world driving is required to define IUPRm targets. This paper shares methodology and Validation steps for defining IUPRm routes for Indian market. Methodology objective is to standardize the market operating conditions over a particular region. Selected Methodology consist of three steps:</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For defining IUPRm route framework, first step is to have a pre-market survey to know current In use performance ratio “IUPR” status and improvement areas in existing market vehicles. Second step is to define market representative localized on road routes based on the finding of Pre-market survey. Third step is to validate defined IUPR routes and correlate the output in reference to coverage of market operating conditions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Routes definition (Step 2) starts with organizing customer survey to capture real driving inputs like average trip mileage, route traffic density, driving style etc. Based on survey inputs, prospective routes should be shortlisted as per route selection criteria and further based on drive pattern analysis, performed on ECU log data collected over prospective routes, route finalization can be done.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For Validation of defined IUPR routes (Step 3), Post market survey can be conducted in which market data of the models developed on IUPR methodology should be collected and general metrics like Average IUPR, Gen. denominator trend, demographical variations etc. can be analyzed. From post market survey, correlation of average IUPR and other metrics defined above, can be done to verify whether development over defined routes cover all major conditions of target market or not.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">With this study, robust IUPR routes can be framed which will help the function development team in evaluating IUPRm in upcoming passenger cars.</div></div>
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Reports on the topic "Routes"

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Draves, R., and D. Thaler. Default Router Preferences and More-Specific Routes. RFC Editor, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4191.

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Reutebuch, S. E. ROUTES: a computer program for preliminary route location. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-216.

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Ramirez, Julio, Srinivas Peeta, and Mete Sozen. Emergency Earthquake Routes; Part I, Criteria for Selection of Primary Routes; and Part II: Route Seismic Vulnerability Aspects. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313203.

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Ntafos, Simeon, and Laxmi P. Gewali. External Watchman Routes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226065.

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Michelson, Brenda. Enterprise Service Bus Routes. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/fw3-9-06cc.

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Ralph Best, S.J. Maheras, T.I. McSweeney, and S.B. Ross. Real Data for Real Routes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805678.

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Thomas, George Harrison. Alkoxide routes to Inorganic Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/971209.

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Wright, J., and Jin-Yuan Wang. Multiobjective Design of Service Routes. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313417.

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Rajagopal, Arudi, John Mercurio, Aric Morse, and Roger Green. Development of Potential Strategies for Unmarked and Low Traffic Volume Roadways in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-013.

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The present study was initiated by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to better understand characteristics of roadway segments categorized as unmarked in IDOT’s Transportation Asset Management Plan and to suggest recommendations to manage, vacate, abandon, retain, or transfer individual routes. The researchers developed a methodology, labeled JARM, to identify potential candidates for jurisdictional transfer, abandonment (or vacation), reconfiguration, or maintenance. The JARM methodology is an easy-to-use and stand-alone spreadsheet tool for IDOT districts. It includes all unmarked routes as well as their key database variables and visual attributes. The study identified that over 90% of unmarked route centerline mileage is recommended for jurisdictional transfer to move off IDOT’s inventory and to be better served by local agencies, while reducing maintenance costs and future funding needs. To identify maintenance strategies for unmarked routes and low-volume roads, the researchers reviewed best practices of various state agencies and developed treatment catalogues for rural and urban routes. Additionally, they conducted two surveys: (1) a survey of other state DOTs to understand management of similar routes and (2) a survey of local public agencies within Illinois to understand their familiarity and willingness to accept unmarked routes. Twenty-five DOTs responded to the survey to provide insight into how they manage similar routes. The results demonstrated that 70% of local public agency respondents were amenable to a discussion of jurisdictional transfer. The next logical step is to build off this network-level research and to identify execution strategies at the project level in the most cost-effective manner.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2020 and 2021 field seasons. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294094.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 moni-toring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From June 5 to July 29, 2020, and May 30 to June 2, 2021, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24 monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 834 patches of 11 priority IEP species along 67.9 kilometers (42.2 miles) of three monitoring routes. There were more patches of tamarisk along State Route 24, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified IEP patches have expanded and grown. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) along State Route 24 have both increased in prevalence since monitoring began. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) was the most prevalent prior-ity IEP species on all three routes. On Oak and Pleasant creeks, there were fewer than three patches of all other IEPs. On State Route 24, there were 30 or more patches of Russian olive, quackgrass (Elymus repens), field bindweed, and blue mustard (Chorispora tenella). IEP prior-ity species were found on 71%, 47%, and 62% of transects along Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. Yellow sweet-clover (Melilotus officinalis) was the most fre-quently observed IEP on Oak Creek and Pleasant Creek. Percent cover was highest for yellow sweet-clover, Russian thistle (Salsola sp.), and tamarisk on Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. The NCPN plans to return to Capitol Reef in 2023 to continue the fourth rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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