Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Route line'
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1
Crimmel, Brian A. "A priori and on-line route optimization for unmanned underwater vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72848.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-156).
The U.S. military considers Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) a critical component of the future for two primary reasons - they are effective force multipliers and a significant risk-reducing agent. As the military's technology improves and UUVs become a reliable mission asset, the vehicle's ability to make intelligent decisions will be crucial to future operations. The thesis develops various algorithms to solve the UUV Mission-Planning Problem (UUVMPP), where the UUV must choose which tasks to perform in which sequence in a stochastic mission environment. The objective is to find the most profitable way to execute tasks with restrictions of total mission time, energy, time-restricted areas, and weather conditions. Since the UUV accumulates navigation error over time while maneuvering underwater, the UUV must occasionally halt operations to re-orient itself via a navigation fix. While a navigation fix takes time and increases the likelihood of exposing the vehicle's position to potential adversaries, a reduction in navigation error allows the UUV to perform tasks and navigate with a greater amount of certainty. The algorithms presented in this thesis successfully incorporate navigation fixes into the mission-planning process. The thesis considers Mixed-Integer Programming, Exact Dynamic Programming, and an Approximate Dynamic Programming technique known as Rollout to determine the optimal a priori route that meets operational constraints with a specified probability. The thesis then shows how these formulations can solve and re-solve the UUVMPP on-line. In particular, the Rollout Algorithm finds task route solutions on average 96% of the optimal solution a priori and 98% of the optimal solution on-line compared to exact algorithms; with a significant reduction in computation run time, the Rollout Algorithm permits the solving of increasingly complex mission scenarios.
by Brian A. Crimmel.
S.M.
2
Gill, Graham Anthony. "An experimental investigation into the design and perception of line symbol series on route planning maps." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280792.
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Pihnastyi, O. M., and R. O. Korsun. "Single-node model of the conveyor line with a constant speed movement of subjects of labor." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/42513.
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Dunn, Andrew Keith. "A dual route account of vision for action and perception : the effects of the Judd illusion on pointing and line matching." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425407.
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Voneš, Jakub. "Systém pro on-line záznam jízd autoškoly." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363874.
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The subject of this thesis is the design and implementation of a client-server applications for collecting GPS data using a smartphone with Android OS. The system is used for real-time monitoring and recording vehicle’s movement on a server, where the data are adapted to the real road. This thesis is a continuation of the project DoAutoškoly.cz . The theoretical part of the thesis deals with GPS, real-time communication problems and the Android platform, including its application interface for GPS. In the next part of the thesis, this knowledge is used to design the whole system. The thesis continues with the implementation of a mobile application, the web module and the corresponding server application. The chapters continue to deal with real-time tracking and route editing. The last part is focused on testing and evaluation of the results.
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Ozturk, Tunay. "Finding The Optimum Route For Transmission Lines Within Gis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608356/index.pdf.
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This study defines the optimum route planning for Electric Transmission Lines by
Multicriteria Decision Analysis which is based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Determination of the optimum route is performed by using both the spatial and Euclidean
distances between two points located on the Earth&rsquos surface. The criteria needed to be taken into account to define the route of the Electrical Transmission Lines were evaluated with help of the experts who are doing this business in the available system and for this study the decision about the usage of needed data such as landuse map, landuse capability map, geology map, road map, zone plan and digital elevation models is also made with their knowledge. A Matlab code, which computes the optimum distance between two transformers by using real distance (spatial distance) method and by considering materials mentioned above is written. The results are compared with the ones found from the Euclidian distance, which is the common distance finding method in the available commercial GIS softwares. The spatial resolution effect in finding the spatial distance is also analyzed. The routes obtained by two different distance computation methods are compared with the existing route. The economical expectations in finding the optimum route are also discussed.
7
LoPresti, Patrick Joseph. "Tadpole--an off-line router for the NuMesh system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42667.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
by Patrick Joseph LoPresti.
M.S.
8
Hamad, Sofian. "Efficient route discovery for reactive routing." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7634.
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Information on the location of mobile nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) has the potential to significantly improve network performance. This thesis uses node location information to develop new techniques for route discovery in on-demand routing protocols such as the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), thus making an important contribution to enhancing the experience of using mobile networks. A Candidate Neighbours to Rebroadcast the Route Request (CNRR) approach has been proposed to reduce the deleterious impact, known as the broadcast storm, of RREQ packets flooding in traditional on-demand routing protocols. The main concept behind CNRR is specifying a set of neighbours which will rebroadcast the received RREQ. This is a departure from the traditional approach of all receiving nodes rebroadcasting RREQs and has the effect of reducing the problem of redundancy from which mobile networks suffer. The proposed protocol has been developed in two phases: Closest-CNRR and Furthest-CNRR. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have a significant effect as they reduce the routing overhead of the AODV protocol by up to 28% compared to the C-CNRR, and by up to 17.5% compared to the F-CNRR. Notably, the proposed algorithms simultaneously achieve better throughput and less data dropping. The Link Stability and Energy Aware protocol (LSEA) has been developed to reduce the overhead while increasing network lifetimes. The LSEA helps to control the global dissemination of RREQs in the network by eliminating those nodes that have a residual energy level below a specific threshold value from participation in end-to-end routes. The proposed LSEA protocol significantly increases network lifetimes by up to 19% compared with other on-demand routing protocols while still managing to obtain the same packet delivery ratio and network throughput levels. Furthermore, merging the LSEA and CNRR concepts has the great advantage of reducing the dissemination of RREQs in the network without loss of reachability among the nodes. This increases network lifetimes, reduces the overhead and increases the amount of data sent and received. Accordingly, a Position-based Selective Neighbour (PSN) approach has been proposed which combines the advantages of zoning and link stability. The results show that the proposed technique has notable advantages over both the AODV and MAAODV as it improves delivery ratios by 24.6% and 18.8%, respectively.
9
Hwe, Siu Kei. "Models and analysis for bus route merging in central business district /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IEEM%202003%20HWE.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-90). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Kumar, Ravinash Krishna. "Cytoskeletal-like assemblies within model protocells : en route towards synthetic cellular constructs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619256.
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The aim of this thesis was to rationally design, construct and test novel protocells equipped with primitive cytoskeletons, which could be produced by integration of simple chemical systems. This was achieved by the non-covalent assembly of a functionalised amino acid, N-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-tyrosine (FMOC-Tyr), to yield highly structured nanofilament morphologies within the aqueous interiors of micron-sized, membrane-bounded compartments. Initially. the formation of the non-covalently assembled FMOC-Tyr nanofilaments was studied in isolation. Significantly, at a critical filament concentration and appropriate pH, the formation of supramolecular hydrogels was ascertained. Moreover, by substituting FMOC-Tyr with the hydrophilic analogue N-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl- tyrosine-( O)-phosphate (FMOC-Tyr-POH), cleavage of the phosphate group by alkaline phosphatase or cerium oxide nanopal1icles resulted in the formation of gel networks with tuneable (PH or temperature) gel-sol and sol-gel transitions. After the experimental design parameters for hydrogel formation were determined, the FMOC-Tyr nanofilaments were grown within two contrasting model compartments: phospholipid vesicles and inorganic colloidosomes. Significantly, FMOC-Tyr supramolecular hydrogel-containing vesicles showed enhanced resistance to mechanical deformation, osmotic pressure and increased structural persistence. Moreover, primitive cytoskeletal function was further demonstrated via heat-induced structural deformations of vesicles, where morphological transformations were driven by disassembly of the internalised nanofilaments. Growth of FMOC-Tyr cytoskeletal-like filaments within inorganic colloidosomes resulted in silica membrane-directed nanofilament growth from the interior of the inorganic surface towards the centre of the microcapsule. In this instance, it was possible to demonstrate that temperature-dependent filament assembly and disassembly could be used to modulate the interior viscosities of colloidosomes, which in tum regulated intra-protocellular enzyme kinetics. The work presented in this thesis describes the first examples of protocells equipped with functional artificial cytoskeletons comprising self-assembled synthetic building blocks. The incorporation of these bio-inspired scaffolds within protocells not only provides the structural persistence that is central in all living cells, but also a mechanism to re-structure interior environments and control compartment shape.
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Soheilian, Bahman. "Roadmark reconstruction from stereo-images acquired by a ground-based mobile mapping system." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0260/document.
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Malgré les récentes avancées des Systèmes de Cartographie Mobile, la reconstruction automatique d’objets à partir des données acquises est encore un point crucial. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéresserons en particulier à la reconstruction tridimensionnelle du marquage au sol à partir d’images acquises sur le réseau routier par une base stéréoscopique horizontale d’un système de cartographie mobile, dans un contexte urbain dense. Une nouvelle approche s’appuyant sur la connaissance de la géométrie 3D des marquages au sol est présentée, conduisant à une précision de reconstruction 3D centimétrique avec un faible niveau de généralisation. Deux objets de la signalisation routière horizontale sont étudiés : les passages piétons et les lignes blanches discontinues. La stratégie générale est composée de trois grandes étapes. La première d’entre elles permet d’obtenir des chaînes de contours 3D. Les contours sont extraits dans les images gauche et droite. Ensuite, un algorithme reposant sur une optimisation par programmation dynamique est mis en oeuvre pour apparier les points de contours des deux images. Un post-traitement permet un appariement sub-pixellique, et, les chaînes de contours 3D sont finalement obtenues par une triangulation photogrammétrique classique. La seconde étape fait intervenir les spécifications géométriques des marquages au sol pour réaliser un filtrage des chaînes de contours 3D. Elle permet de déterminer des candidats pour les objets du marquage au sol. La dernière étape peut être vue comme une validation permettant de rejeter ou d’accepter ces hypothèses. Les candidats retenus sont alors reconstruits finement. Pour chaque bande d’un passage piéton ou d’une ligne discontinue, le modèle est un quasi-parallélogramme. Une contrainte de planéité est imposée aux sommets de chaque bande, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour l’ensemble des bandes formant un marquage au sol particulier. La méthode est évaluée sur un ensemble de 150 paires d’images acquises en centre ville dans des conditions normales de trafic. Les résultats montrent la validité de notre stratégie en terme de robustesse, de complétude et de précision géométrique. La méthode est robuste et permet de gérer les occultations partielles ainsi que les marquages usés ou abîmés. Le taux de détection atteint 90% et la précision de reconstruction 3D est de l’ordre de 2 à 4 cm. Finalement, une application de la reconstruction des marquages au sol est présentée : le géoréférencement du système d’acquisition. La majorité des systèmes de cartographie mobile utilisent des capteurs de géoréférencement direct comme un couplage GPS/INS pour leur localisation. Cependant, en milieu urbain dense, les masques et les multi-trajets corrompent les mesures et conduisent à une précision d’environ 50 cm. Afin d’améliorer la qualité de localisation, nous cherchons à apparier les images terrestres avec des images aériennes calibrées de la même zone. Les marquages au sol sont alors utilisés comme objets d’appariement. La validité de la méthode est démontrée sur un exemple de passage piétonDespite advances in ground-based Mobile Mapping System (MMS), automatic feature reconstruction seems far from being reached. In this thesis, we focus on 3D roadmark reconstruction from images acquired by road looking cameras of a MMS stereo-rig in dense urban context. A new approach is presented, that uses 3D geometric knowledge of roadmarks and provides a centimetric 3D accuracy with a low level of generalisation. Two classes of roadmarks are studied: zebra-crossing and dashed-lines. The general strategy consists in three main steps. The first step provides 3D linked-edges. Edges are extracted in the left and right images. Then a matching algorithm that is based on dynamic programming optimisation matches the edges between the two images. A sub-pixel matching is computed by post processing and 3D linked-edges are provided by classical photogrammetric triangulation. The second step uses the known specification of roadmarks to perform a signature based filtering of 3D linked-edges. This step provides hypothetical candidates for roadmark objects. The last step can be seen as a validation step that rejects or accepts the candidates. The validated candidates are finely reconstructed. The adopted model consists of a quasi parallelogram for each strip of zebra-crossing or dashed-line. Each strip is constrained to be flat but the roadmark as a whole is not planar. The method is evaluated on a set of 150 stereo-pairs acquired in a real urban area under normal traffic conditions. The results show the validity of the approach in terms of robustness, completeness and geometric accuracy. The method is robust and deals properly with partially occluded roadmarks as well as damaged or eroded ones. The detection rate reaches 90% and the 3D accuracy is about 2-4 cm. Finally an application of reconstructed roadmarks is presented. They are used in georeferencing of the system. Most of the MMSs use direct georeferencing devices such as GPS/INS for their localisation. However in urban areas masks and multi-path errors corrupt the measurements and provide only 50 cm accuracy. In order to improve the localisation quality, we aim at matching ground-based images with calibrated aerial images of the same area. For this purpose roadmarks are used as matching objects. The validity of this method is demonstrated on a zebra-crossing example
12
Richard, Simon. "Étude du comportement dynamique d'un vélo de route en lien avec le confort du cycliste." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
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13
Richard, Simon. "Étude du comportement dynamique d'un vélo de route en lien avec le confort du cycliste." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1293.
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Dans le monde cycliste et en particulier pour les athlètes de type cyclosportif, le confort est un aspect de première importance. De plus, les tendances observées montrent que tous les manufacturiers de cadres de vélo et de composantes prônent l'aspect confortable de leurs produits. Or, aucun outil scientifique ne permet de mesurer le degré de confort d'un vélo et ainsi, de valider les affirmations des fabricants. C'est ainsi que l'objectif principal de ce projet de maîtrise est de comprendre le comportement dynamique d'un vélo de route en relation avec la quantification et la perception du confort ressenti aux mains du cycliste. De par sa nature multidisciplinaire, le projet est scindé en trois parties principales: l'analyse du comportement dynamique d'un vélo de route, la détermination des métriques reliés au confort et la perception du confort à vélo. Le premier volet, l'analyse du comportement dynamique d'un vélo de route, présente les caractéristiques dynamiques de la structure testée sous différentes conditions. L'analyse modale et des tests de vibrations sont utilisés afin de déterminer le comportement dynamique du vélo avec et sans composante, mais aussi avec et sans cycliste.
14
Iversen, Ole Magnus Kålås. "Early-phase Life Cycle Assessment of New Concepts for Fjord Crossings Along Coastal Highway Route E39." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26835.
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The goal of this thesis was to analyze the potential indirect environmental impacts, mainly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the construction of novel fjord crossings along Coastal Highway Route E39 in Norway. This was done by conducting an early-phase Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the concepts claimed technically feasible for crossing the Sognefjord. The contribution of GHG-emissions from fjord crossing infrastructure compared to traffic related emissions was investigated in detail. The GHG-emissions related to the Sognefjord crossing were applied in a fictional fjord crossing scenario to calculate potential payback periods for the infrastructure investment. In addition, a simplified analysis was conducted based on the two (previous) route choice alternatives of Hafast and Fefast along route E39. The literature review showed that there are significant differences between the GHG-emissions associated with road infrastructure. For bridges, the material production phase is identified as the main source of emissions. The construction, operation and maintenance related activities are of less importance. However in most studies the construction phase seems to be roughly estimated, or based on a scarce amount of data. When traffic is included, it is the main contributor to GHG-emissions per kilometer of road in a life cycle perspective. The GHG-emissions associated with of each of the three Sognefjord crossing concepts were calculated to be around 100 times higher than traditional road infrastructure per kilometer. Life cycle phases considered were material production, construction, operation and maintenance over 100 years. The Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) was found to have the highest total emissions, with about 605 900 tonnes of CO2-equivalents. The Suspension Bridge (SB) had emissions of 493 200 tonnes, and the Floating Bridge (FB) approximately 380 800 tonnes of CO2-eq in the conducted analysis. The material production phase was responsible for more than 94 % of the emissions in all three cases. The production of concrete, construction and reinforcement steel was the major contributor in this phase. On a per kilometer basis the SFT emitted approximately 148 400 tonnes, the SB 133 300 tonnes, and the FB 86 500 tonnes of CO2-eq. Comparing the three fjord crossing concepts by their effective roadway area used directly for vehicle operation offers another picture. The SB is the highest emitting structure per m2 of effective roadway area, with about 1 160 kg of CO2-eq. The SFT and FB had emissions of respectively 1 060 and 910 kg of CO2-eq per m2. The SFT had the highest total energy consumption and the highest impact in the majority of the other environmental impacts considered in the analysis. In a 40 year time horizon, traffic related emissions were responsible for less than 21 % of the total GHG-emissions when included for the Sognefjord crossing concepts. This result differs from the literature, where the traffic related emissions mostly are the dominant source compared to the infrastructure.Several of the calculations from the fictive fjord crossing scenario indicated GHG-emission payback periods of more than 100 years for technologically advanced fjord crossings. This occurred when the AADT was lower than 2000 or the replaced road shorter than 8 km. A future reduction of CO2-emissions from fuel combustion due to improved vehicle technology was also associated with payback periods longer than 100 years. The GHG-emissions related to the Hafast and Fefast route alternatives were almost equal in a 40 year time perspective. This was due to the Fefast alternative including more emission intensive infrastructure than the 13 km longer Hafast route.The results from the LCA conducted in this thesis gave considerably higher GHG-emissions related to road infrastructure than previous studies. This was mainly due to the high material consumption of the fjord crossing concepts. The emissions associated with the infrastructure were still significant even when traffic related emissions were included in different scenarios. If Norway is to reach its emission reduction targets, road infrastructure related GHG-emissions of this scale should be taken into account when planning road corridors and designing fjord crossing concepts.
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Haye-cuisin, Lisa. "Les loisirs motorisés hors route. Conflits controverse et réseaux d'actants." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863996.
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Le développement récent des Loisirs Motorisés Hors Route (LMHR) suscite une controverse et de vives réactions dans les milieux du sport et de la protection de l'environnement. Le phénomène est encore peu étudié, à la fois du fait qu'il est récent, que l'argumentation relève de plusieurs disciplines et que les loisirs motorisés, s'ils font partie sans problème de l'outdoor recreation nord-américaine, sont rejetés en France par les autres sportifs et ne sont pas reconnus de façon évidente comme relevant du domaine d'une discipline particulière. Afin de combler un manque dans la littérature scientifique française, cette thèse vise à apporter une connaissance fine de la dynamique de la controverse - en tant qu'échange d'arguments génériques - et des conflits dont les LMHR font l'objet. Elle présente deux originalités majeures : sa thématique et son approche combinant les théories de l'acteur-réseau avec les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau basés sur la théorie des graphes. Cette construction théorique et méthodologique visait à interroger les interrelations entre la controverse portée par des collectifs présents sur la scène nationale et les conflits et interactions sur le terrain. Pour cela, nous avons mené des enquêtes sur quatre scènes : la scène nationale (composée de collectifs pro et anti-motorisé, de Fédérations, de constructeurs, de gestionnaires et décideurs et d'élus) ; deux scènes locales conflictuelles où des démarches de gestion sont en cours (le PNR du Pilat et les Chambarans) ; une scène locale où aucun conflit n'est visible sur la scène publique (le canton de La Grave - Villar d'Arène). Nos résultats montrent, que bien que la controverse trouve ses racines dans des conflits sur le terrain, il n'existerait pas de coprésence entre acteurs qui s'opposent. D'abord, en l'absence de conflit, la scène de La Grave apparaît déconnectée du reste du réseau. Ensuite, les détracteurs des LMHR se mobilisent dans la controverse mais ne cherchent pas directement à agir sur le terrain. Par contre, les défenseurs de la pratique s'impliquent, eux, aux deux niveaux. Enfin, les gestionnaires et agents de la police de l'environnement confrontés à la gestion des activités, nouent des liens sur le terrain et au niveau national, à la fois avec les défenseurs et les détracteurs des LMHR ; devenant parfois des acteurs-passerelles. D'un point de vue théorique et méthodologique, les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau ont montré leur intérêt dans le cadre d'une approche par l'acteur-réseau ; les perspectives apparaissent riches. Mots-clés : Sociologie, loisirs motorisés hors route, théories de l'acteur-réseau, visualisation et analyse de réseau, controverse, conflits, gestion
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Toler, Charles T. "The cost effectiveness of multiple routing versus single routing of school buses /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904879.
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Garcia, Alexandre Willemin Georges Pitteloud Jean-François Larouk Omar. "Accès en ligne aux inventaires des Archives du CICR étude de faisabilité /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rsgarcia-web.pdf.
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Cheynel, N. "Traumatismes hépatiques. Epidémiologie lors des accidents de la route et physiopathologie : étude biomécanique du comportement du foie en décélération." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545075.
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Une lésion du foie est une cause potentielle de mortalité lors d'un accident de la route. D'une part, les conséquences corporelles des accidents de la route ont été colligées dans le département de la Côte d'Or, avec un intérêt spécifique pour les lésions hépatiques. Une lésion abdominale était présente chez 14 % des blessés hospitalisés. Dix-sept pour cent des lésions abdominales intéressaient le foie. La présence d'une lésion abdominale était un facteur de gravité des blessures. D'autre part, un protocole expérimental était élaboré afin de connaître le comportement du foie lors d'un choc. Des corps donnés à la science ont été soumis à des décélérations brutales frontales et latérales. Nous avons mis en évidence des caractéristiques non connus du comportement du foie en cas de choc et nous proposons des modèles de comportement. Une meilleur connaissance de l'épidémiologie et de la biomécanique des lésions hépatique est indispensable afin d'améliorer leur prévention.
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Zhao, Yanji. "The Journey from Chinese Landscape Paintings to Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491318233161403.
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TALLAPRAGADA, PAVAN KUMAR. "MECHANISTIC-BASED PERFORMANCE PREDICTION AND LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS TOOLS: AN APPLICATION TO THE OHIO ROUTE 50 TEST PAVEMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116271787.
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Licaj, Idlir. "Inégalités sociales et territoriales de mobilité et d'accidents corporels de la route chez les jeunes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860926.
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L'objectif de la thèse est de mesurer en France l'influence des inégalités socioéconomiques individuelles et contextuelles sur la mobilité, l'incidence et la gravité des accidents corporels chez les enfants et les jeunes de moins de 25 ans. Des analyses originales sont effectuées à partir des bases de données suivantes : le Registre des Victimes d'accidents corporels de la circulation du Rhône, l'enquête ménage déplacement (EMD) de 2005-06 et une enquête épidémiologique de type cas-témoins réalisée durant la thèse. Excepté pour les victimes à deux-roues à moteur les incidences d'accidents lors de l'usage des différents modes de transports (voiture, vélo, marche et rollers) sont plus élevées chez les habitants des communes d'habitation défavorisées. Le sexe est également un facteur déterminant et très variable selon les modes de transport. L'effet de facteurs socioéconomiques sur la gravité des blessures d'accidents des jeunes, les différences socioéconomiques individuelles et contextuelles d'usage des modes de transports, de motorisation des ménages et d'accès au permis de conduire sont également étudiés. L'enquête de type cas témoins permet ensuite de pousser l'investigation en s'intéressant simultanément aux accidents, à la mobilité et à certains facteurs intermédiaires comme les comportements à risques (routier et non routiers) des jeunes. La reconnaissance des inégalités sociales de mobilité et d'accidents corporels peut permettre d'orienter les campagnes de prévention sur l'existence de zones et de groupes à risques
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Romanello, Michael T. "Load Response Analysis of the WAY-30 Test Pavements: US Route 30, Wayne County, Ohio." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1196092689.
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Khan, Shariq Mahmood. "Reliable on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11627.
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Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) facilitates the creation of dynamic reconfigurable networks, without centralized infrastructure. MANET routing protocols have to face high challenges like link instability, node mobility, frequently changing topologies and energy consumption of node, due to these challenges routing becomes one of the core issues in MANETs. This Thesis mainly focuses on the reactive routing protocol such as Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. Reliable and Efficient Reactive Routing Protocol (RERRP) for MANET has been proposed to reduce the link breakages between the moving nodes. This scheme selects a reliable route using Reliability Factor (RF); the RF considers Route Expiration Time and Hop Count to select a routing path with high reliability and have less number of hops. The simulation result shows that RERRP outperforms AODV and enhance the packet delivery fraction (PDF) by around 6% and reduces the network routing load (NRL) by around 30%. Broadcasting in MANET could cause serious redundancy, contention, and collision of the packets. A scheme, Effective Broadcast Control Routing Protocol (EBCRP) has been proposed for the controlling of broadcast storm problem in a MANET. The EBCRP is mainly selects the reliable node while controlling the redundant re-broadcast of the route request packet. The proposed algorithm EBCRP is an on-demand routing protocol, therefore AODV route discovery mechanism was selected as the base of this scheme. The analysis of the performance of EBCRP has revealed that the EBCRP have controlled the routing overhead significantly, reduces it around 70% and enhance the packet delivery by 13% as compared to AODV. An Energy Sensible and Route Stability Based Routing Protocol (ESRSBR) have also been proposed that mainly focuses on increasing the network lifetime with better packet delivery. The ESRSBR supports those nodes to participate in the data transfer that have more residual energy related to their neighbour nodes. The proposed protocol also keeps track of the stability of the links between the nodes. Finally, the ESRSBR selects those routes which consist of nodes that have more residual energy and have stable links. The comparative analysis of ESRSBR with AODV and recently proposed routing protocol called Link Stability and Energy Aware (LSEA) routing protocol revealed that the proposed protocol ESRSBR has a significantly affect the network lifetime, increases it around 10% and 13% as compared to LSEA and AODV protocols respectively. The ESRSBR also decreases the routing overhead by 22% over LSEA and by 38% over AODV.
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Abranches, Maria. "The route of the land's roots : connecting life-worlds between Guinea-Bissau and Portugal through food-related meanings and practices." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45314/.
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Focusing on migration from Guinea-Bissau to Portugal, this thesis examines the role played by food and plants that grow in Guinean land in connecting life-worlds in both places. Using a phenomenological approach to transnationalism and multi-sited ethnography, I explore different ways in which local experiences related to food production, consumption and exchange in the two countries, as well as local meanings of foods and plants, are connected at a transnational level. One of my key objectives is to deconstruct some of the binaries commonly addressed in the literature, such as global processes and local lives, modernity and tradition or competition and solidarity, and to demonstrate how they are all contextually and relationally entwined in people's life-worlds. In order to do so I trace Guinean foodstuffs and plants from their origin sites in Guinea-Bissau to their final destination in Portugal. I examine, first, the significance of the Guinean land where they grow. Second, I look at the adaptations that take place in Guineans' relationship with that land when it ‘travels' – through its food and plants – to Portugal. Third, I explore food-related ways in which the past, present and future of a Guinean life-world that is ‘disrupted' by migration are brought together through memory practices and future projects of migration and return. Finally, I examine practices of food exchange as gifts and trade across borders. By starting with production and ending with exchange practices, this thesis emphasises that both are not necessarily alienated from each other, even when they are physically distanced by migration. The unique relationships they generate and the role played by Guinean land's special properties, as well as the fact that these are able to travel, through the food and plants that share its substance, to Portugal, enable Guineans' local life-worlds to be connected in a transnational context.
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Keane, Lloyd Kenton. "Routes of wholeness : Jungian and post-Jungian dialogues with the Western Esoteric Tree of Life." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442514.
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Vareilles, Gaëlle. "Comprendre la performance des volontaires de santé communautaire : une évaluation réaliste en lien avec la Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix Rouge et du Croissant Rouge." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G036/document.
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L’implication des volontaires de santé communautaire, tels que les volontaires de la Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge, peut constituer un moyen approprié de s’attaquer au problème d’inégalités sociales et de santé. Pourtant, les connaissances manquent sur ce qui marche pour améliorer la performance des volontaires. Objectifs Comprendre comment, pourquoi, pour quels volontaires et dans quelles circonstances les stratégies organisationnelles mises en œuvre pour améliorer la performance des volontaires de santé communautaire marchent. Méthodes En raison de la complexité des programmes impliquant des volontaires de santé communautaire, nous avons adopté l’évaluation réaliste comme approche méthodologique et l’étude de cas comparative comme modèle d’étude. Dans un premier temps, des entretiens, une synthèse réaliste de la littérature ainsi qu’une revue des théories d’action qui sous-tendent ces programmes ont été réalisés pour développer le cadre théorique de l’évaluation. Ensuite, deux cas ont été sélectionnés sur Kampala, la capitale de l’Ouganda, ou la Société Nationale de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge Ougandaise développe des stratégies pour améliorer la performance des volontaires. Chaque cas correspond à une unité organisationnelle de la Société Nationale Ougandaise, responsable de la mise en place des programmes de santé au niveau d’un district du pays. Les méthodes de collecte de données ont inclus des entretiens individuels, des groupes de discussion, des observations, ainsi qu’une revue de documents. Un processus méthodologique de comparaison constante a été utilisé pour l’analyse des données. Résultats Les stratégies d’intervention, dont les pratiques managériales peuvent influencer positivement la performance lorsqu’elles favorisent la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques des volontaires (l’autonomie, la responsabilisation, la compétence et le lien social). Pour ce faire, les stratégies et leur mise en œuvre doivent s’adapter aux différentes formes de motivation des volontaires et à l’évolution de celles-ci pendant le volontariat. S’agissant du contexte, la reconnaissance communautaire et la reconnaissance organisationnelle sont deux facteurs clés qui interviennent dans la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques des volontaires. Discussion Cette recherche doctorale a des implications pour la Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de la Croix Rouge et du Croissant Rouge. Les résultats fournissent des informations utiles à l’action relative à la mise en place de programmes de volontaires de santé communautaire et l’approche évaluative a des implications générales en ce qui concerne la dynamique d’apprentissage organisationnel. Par ailleurs l’approche de l’évaluation réaliste a également contribué, à sa mesure, au développement du champ de l’évaluation de programme en santé. L’opérationnalisation des concepts de l’approche réaliste a été discutée et approfondie afin de contribuer au développement de cette approcheContext The recruitment of community health volunteers, such as the volunteers of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society, is an established approach to improve the health of underserved communities. However, there is a dearth of evidence about what works to improve volunteers’ performance. Objectives To understand why, how, for which volunteers and under which circumstances intervention approaches to improve volunteers’ performance is more likely to be successful. Methods Given the complexity of the intervention under study, a realist evaluation as methodological approach and a case study as study design was adopted. Firstly, a realist review together with interviews with the main stakeholders and a review of the theories underlying community health volunteers programme have been conducted to develop the theoretical basis for the evaluation. Secondly for the case study, two contrasted cases have been then selected at district level in the capital of Uganda, where the Red Cross Society is implementing a community-based programme. A case is as a Red Cross unit run by a programme manager that operate around one governmental district structures. Data collection included document review, participant observation and interviews. The constant comparative method was used for the analysis. Results Intervention approaches that include supervision supportive of autonomy, skills and knowledge enhancement and that is adapted to the different sub-groups of volunteers, leads to satisfaction of the three key drivers of volunteer motivation: feelings of autonomy, of competence and of connectedness. This contributes to volunteers’ better performance. Enabling contextual conditions include the responsiveness of the organisation to community needs and recognition from the organisation and the community of the work of the volunteers. Discussion The findings will inform the management of community health volunteers and have implication for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies regrading organisational learning. It also contributed to building the field of programme evaluation in Health and led to methodological developments for doing realist evaluation
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Hardy, Jeremy. "Den förmedlande arkeologin : En turistled kring Lina myr?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325628.
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Hardy, J. 2017. The Archaeology of Mediation. A tourist route around Lina mire? Lina mire in the northeast of Gotland, is situated in a unique cultural landscape, with an abundance of archaeological remains and ancient monuments. The areas surrounding Lina mire include the parishes Gothem, Hörsne med Bara and Vallstena. These environments carry stories from the past which can take people walking there over 8000 years back in time. Having been identified by researchers as an important part of Gotlands cultural heritage, the surroundings of Lina and it´s rich history, are still left out to be seen in the eyes of the public. Either many of the monuments have been rather neglected, or the landscape has changed so much during time, that a lot of archaeological sites, such as ancient graves and settlements, now are invisible. In ancient times the wetlands and mires on Gotland (Lina mire being the largest) were important for fishing, hunting and haymaking. Today only 5 % of the wetlands remain due to draining and cultivation. This essay is part of a larger research project, called In Tjelvars Footsteps, conducted by Uppsala University/Campus Gotland. The aim is to investigate how the archaeology and history could be mediated in these landscapes, and whether there would be an interest in creating a tourist route around Lina mire or not. The research has been conducted by making ten interviews with locals and ten interviews with professionals. The analysis show that there is a great interest among both groups to mediate the cultural heritage of Lina mire. Concerns and problems that must be solved before building a tourist route are discussed and innovative ideas are lifted. The main, overall opinion is that the producers of the tourist route need to establish a good contact with the local landowners from the very beginning. Otherwise the project will not be realized.I Tjelvars Fotspår
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Rákosník, Jonáš. "Analýza zavedení letecké linky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71691.
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The objective of the thesis was to focus on all the necessary requirements needed at first for establishing an airline company and then for establishing a regular air route. The thesis also contains a practical part - an analysis of Delta Air Lines company and her two already operated direct and regular air routes Prague - New York and Prague - Atlanta. The thesis has through the company focused on description of operating passenger air transportation from the point of view a network airliner. Part of the objective was to show the contemporary state of the air transportation branch and outlining its possible future development with regard to the chosen airline company.
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Wang, Bin. "Reduction of acoustic fields of horn-like structures by optimization of network resonators." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1155/document.
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Le bruit généré dans la zone de contact entre un pneumatique et une route peut être amplifié par des dièdres constitués des surfaces du pneumatique et la route. Cette étude est consacrée à l'optimisation et à la conception de bandes de roulement et de textures de la route pour réduire l'amplification de l'effet dièdre sur la base de l'annulation de sons. Les bandes de roulement et les textures de la route peuvent être considérées comme deux réseaux dans la zone de contact. Les surfaces du pneumatique et de la route peuvent être considérées comme des baffles. Un modèle de réseau à baffle est constitué pour le système pneumatique / chaussée, et des procédés de couplage multi-domaines sont développés pour le calcul des champs acoustiques autour des réseaux à baffles. Avec ce modèle, la réduction des amplifications de l'effet dièdre par les réseaux peut être estimée. Étant donné que les réductions sont autour des fréquences de résonance de l'air à l'intérieur des réseaux, des méthodes numériques simples pour estimer les fréquences de résonance sont développées. Afin de concevoir des réseaux pour obtenir les fréquences de résonance recherchées, une méthode d'optimisation sur la base des algorithmes génétiques est proposée. Les méthodes d'estimation des fréquences de résonance sont validées avec des mesures. Les méthodes d'optimisation et le modèle des réseaux bafflés sont également vérifiées par les expériences. Une structure avec un cylindre en bois et une feuille de contreplaqué est construite pour les validations. Un vrai pneumatique sur une feuille de contreplaqué est également mesuré et calculé avec les méthodes proposées. Les bandes de roulement sont optimisées avec les méthodes proposées. Plusieurs réductions des amplifications de l'effet dièdre peuvent être vues et sont estimées avec les méthodes de couplage multi-domaines. La dimension des motifs de texture de la route est également étudiée afin de trouver les réductions maximales des amplificationsThe noise generated in the contact zone between a tire and a road can be amplified by horns constituted of the surfaces of the tire and the road. This study is devoted to the optimization and the design of tire treads and road textures for reducing the amplification of horn effect based on the sound cancellation. The tire treads and the road textures can be considered as two dimensional networks in the contact zone. The surfaces of the tire and the road can be seen as flanges. A model of flanged networks is established for the tire/road system, and multi-domain coupling methods are developed for the calculation of the acoustic fields around the flanged networks. With this model the reductions of the amplifications of horn effect by the networks can be estimated. Since the reductions are around the resonant frequencies of air inside the networks, simple numerical methods for estimating the resonant frequencies are developed. In order to design the networks to get wanted resonant frequencies, an optimization method based on genetic algorithms is proposed. The methods for estimating the resonant frequencies are validated with measurements. The optimization methods and the model of the flanged networks are also proved to be effective by the experiments. The wooden networks between a wooden cylinder and a sheet of plywood are built for the validation. A real tire on a sheet of plywood is also measured and calculated with the proposed methods. Last the tire treads are optimized with the optimization methods. Multiple reductions of the amplifications of horn effect can be seen and are estimated with the multi-domain coupling methods. The road brick dimension is also investigated in order to find the maximum reductions of the amplifications
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Nallet, N. "Profils de personnalité en lien avec les infractions et/ou les accidents de la route. Qui sont les stagiaires permis à points ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544915.
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« L'observable est-il calculable » constitue le leitmotiv de cette recherche qui trouve son origine dans une pratique d'animateur psychologue lors de nombreux stages de Permis à Points, dits stages PAP. La sécurité routière, enjeu de santé publique et préoccupation mondiale, en est le terrain d'application. L'idéologie du système repose sur l'existence d'un lien entre infractions et accidents. La question de l'éducation à la route se pose en termes de traitement cognitif et de rapport au social et à la loi. Or le fait de commettre des infractions est un acte complexe et situé, sous l'influence de plusieurs paramètres, notamment : l'âge, le genre, la personnalité, la prise de risque, la recherche de sensations, les représentations mentales et le comportement ainsi que les influences sociales et sociétales. Une revue de la littérature permet de faire le lien entre les facteurs de risque individuel et l'infraction, voire l'accidentologie. Une approche d'un échantillon de 854 stagiaires (PAP), dans le cadre d'une enquête cas/témoins sur un effectif total de 2014 sujets, permet de définir la population des stagiaires PAP et d'invalider l'hypothèse selon laquelle le stagiaire s'assimilerait à Monsieur tout le monde. Tout comme il a été démontré que dans l'enfance la petite fille est plus sensible à la sanction alors que le petit garçon, l'est plus aux encouragements ; le stagiaire PAP, pour une grande partie de sexe masculin (90 % d'entre eux) est peu sensible à la sanction. Il reste donc à imaginer un système d'éducation/prévention qui prenne en compte la récompense. Le principe de la récompense ne doit pas permettre une thésaurisation des points, puis ensuite un déstockage à volonté permettant ainsi au sujet de « s'offrir » une infraction. Les spécificités sociales, de mode de vie et de personnalité des stagiaires permettent d'éclairer les préceptes en matière de formation. Des mesures post-permis permettant de faire entrer les préoccupations individuelles dans un enjeu collectif de santé publique pourraient favoriser le passage du curatif au préventif. La pédagogie développée avec les récidivistes en stage PAP devra aujourd'hui plus qu'hier s'orienter sur le mode de vie plus que sur l'aspect technique. Le rapport européen Dan sur les mesures post-permis a déjà souligné que plus l'accent est mis sur la personnalité dans ce genre d'animation, plus le taux de récidive est faible (DAN 2000). Reste à savoir s'il s'agit d'animation ou de thérapeutique, auquel cas la durée du stage ainsi qu'une absence d'évaluation et de suivi posent problème.
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Nallet, Nathalie. "Profils de personnalité en lien avec les infractions et/ou les accidents de la route : qui sont les stagiaires permis à points ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20018/document.
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« L’observable est-il calculable » constitue le leitmotiv de cette recherche qui trouve son origine dans une pratique d’animateur psychologue lors de nombreux stages de Permis à Points, dits stages PAP. La sécurité routière, enjeu de santé publique et préoccupation mondiale, en est le terrain d’application. L’idéologie du système repose sur l’existence d’un lien entre infractions et accidents. La question de l’éducation à la route se pose en termes de traitement cognitif et de rapport au social et à la loi. Or le fait de commettre des infractions est un acte complexe et situé, sous l’influence de plusieurs paramètres, notamment : l’âge, le genre, la personnalité, la prise de risque, la recherche de sensations, les représentations mentales et le comportement ainsi que les influences sociales et sociétales. Une revue de la littérature permet de faire le lien entre les facteurs de risque individuel et l’infraction, voire l’accidentologie. Une approche d’un échantillon de 854 stagiaires (PAP), dans le cadre d’une enquête cas/témoins sur un effectif total de 2014 sujets, permet de définir la population des stagiaires PAP et d’invalider l’hypothèse selon laquelle le stagiaire s’assimilerait à Monsieur tout le monde. Tout comme il a été démontré que dans l’enfance la petite fille est plus sensible à la sanction alors que le petit garçon, l’est plus aux encouragements ; le stagiaire PAP, pour une grande partie de sexe masculin (90 % d’entre eux) est peu sensible à la sanction. Il reste donc à imaginer un système d’éducation/prévention qui prenne en compte la récompense. Le principe de la récompense ne doit pas permettre une thésaurisation des points, puis ensuite un déstockage à volonté permettant ainsi au sujet de « s’offrir » une infraction.Les spécificités sociales, de mode de vie et de personnalité des stagiaires permettent d’éclairer les préceptes en matière de formation. Des mesures post-permis permettant de faire entrer les préoccupations individuelles dans un enjeu collectif de santé publique pourraient favoriser le passage du curatif au préventif. La pédagogie développée avec les récidivistes en stage PAP devra aujourd’hui plus qu’hier s’orienter sur le mode de vie plus que sur l’aspect technique. Le rapport européen Dan sur les mesures post-permis a déjà souligné que plus l’accent est mis sur la personnalité dans ce genre d’animation, plus le taux de récidive est faible (DAN 2000). Reste à savoir s’il s’agit d’animation ou de thérapeutique, auquel cas la durée du stage ainsi qu’une absence d’évaluation et de suivi posent problème« Is the visible computable » constitutes the leitmotiv of this research. It finds its origin in the practice of a psychologist animator in numerous point recovery courses. The application ground is road safety; part of a public health and worldwide preoccupation. The system ideology is based on the link between offences and accidents. The road education issue questions terms of cognitive treatment and is linked to social and legal preoccupations. But committing offences is a complex and located act, under the influence of several parameters, particulary: age, sex, personality, risk-taking, sensation-seeking, mental representations and behaviour as well as social influence. The literature review allows the link between individual risk factors and traffic violations, or even accidents to be made. A case-control study (n=2014), with 854 course takers describes them and invalidates the idea according to which they would be comparable to Mister Everybody. Course takers are not very sensitive to sanction, as seen during childhood where girls are more sensitive to punishment than boys who are sensitive to encouragement. Therefore an education and prevention system which takes reward into account remains to be imagined in constructing the pedagogy of the courses. The reward principle should not allow anybody, in particular men who represent 90% of the course takers, to stock points in order to reduce them later. Social characteristics, way of life and personality of drivers in the course bring knowledge to construct the courses. Post licence assessments including individual concerns in a collective stake of public health could allow a move from remedy to prevention. The pedagogy must focus even more on way of life and especially living together rather than theoretical content. It has already been shown that the more the accent is put on personality in this type of animation the lower the rate of repetition (DAN 2000). It remains to be seen whether it is support or therapy, and in the latter case whether the length of the point recovery course period as well as an absence of valuation and monitoring is a problem or a utopian ideal
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Casadio, Alessandro. "Analisi delle linee di produzione e miglioramento dei processi aziendali: il caso ADS2 LTD." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Tirocinio di sei mesi svolto in una delle sedi inglesi del gruppo Celli, leader nel mondo del beverage industry. Dopo una riorganizzazione strutturale e una serie di acquisizioni nasceva la necessità di riorganizzare tutti i processi interni ed esterni al sito. Allo stesso momento si registrava la scelta di gruppo di implementare un nuovo sistema gestionale Dynamics 365. Il mio ruolo ha avuto il compito di rianalizzare tutte le linee di produzioni presenti al fine di controllare e estendere la base dati presente già presente sul sistema e di proseguire il lavoro di registrazione delle informazioni a supporto della pianificazione della produzione, con l'obiettivo ultimo di ottenere una base dati che permettesse di far girare l'MPR e generare di rimando informazioni più precise e realistiche. Con i dati ricavati nei primi mesi poi, nell'ultima parte del periodo ci si è dedicati a piccoli progetti di miglioramento sempre in orbita delle attività di produzione. In particolare si riportano le attività svolte per migliorare la registrazione dei materiali utilizzati e degli scarti da produzione, attività svolte finalizzate a migliorare l'efficienza nello specifico nelle attività di impacchettamento dei prodotti e, l'ultimo, una piccola analisi e determinazione degli standard di qualità per una specifica linea produttiva rivelatasi particolarmente critica nei mesi.
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Golden, Michelle. "The "roote of ciuil conuersation" redefining courtesy in book vi of The faerie queen /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02072007-111115/.
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Thesis (B.A. honors)--Georgia State University, 2006.Dr. Robert Sattelmeyer, committee chair; Wayne Erickson, committee member. Electronic text (40 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 7, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).
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Stapelberg, Dieter. "Link failure recovery among dynamic routes in telecommunication networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2591.
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Thesis (MSc (Mathematical Sciences. Computer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 2002 data tra c has overtaken voice tra c in volume [1]. Telecom / Network operators still generate most of their income carrying voice tra c. There is however a huge revenue potential in delivering reliable guaranteed data services. Network survivability and recovery from network failures are integral to network reliability. Due to the nature of the Internet, recovery from link failures needs to be distributed and dynamic in order to be scalable. Link failure recovery schemes are evaluated in terms of the survivability of the network, the optimal use of network resources, scalability, and the recovery time of such schemes. The need for recovery time to be improved is highlighted by real-time data tra c such as VoIP and video services carried over the Internet. The goal of this thesis is to examine existing link failure recovery schemes and evaluate the need for their extension, and to evaluate the performance of the proposed link failure recovery schemes. i
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert 2002 het data verkeer die stem verkeer in volume verbygesteek [1]. Telekommunikasie / netwerk operateurs genereer egter steeds die meeste van hul inkomste met stem verkeer. Netwerk oorlewing en die herstel van netwerk mislukkings is integraal tot netwerk stabiliteit. Die samestelling van die Internet noodsaak dat die herstel van skakel mislukkings verspreid en dinamies van natuur moet wees. Die herstel-skema van skakel mislukkings word evalueer in terme van die oorleefbaarheid van die netwerk, die mees e ektiewe benutting van network bronne, aanpasbaarheid, en die herstel tydperk van die skema. Die vinnig moontlikste herstel tydperk word genoodsaak deur oombliklike data verkeer soos VoIP en beeld dienste wat oor die Internet gedra word. The doel van hierdie tesis is om bestaande skakel mislukking herstel skemas te evalueer, en dan verder ondersoek in te stel na hul uitbreiding. Daarna word die voorgestelde skakel mislukking skema se e ektiwiteit gemeet.
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Hetherington, Alexandra Claire. "Life cycle assessment of the production of edible oil emulsions : comparing a novel process route using aqueously extracted oil-bodies against existing technology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618761.
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It is estimated that over a third of the diet in the Western world is made up of oils and fats, of which a prominent percentage is in the form of emulsion food products, including milks, creams, yoghurts, margarines, salad dressings, desserts, soups and cheese. Current processing techniques involve the extraction and refining of edible oils using high temperatures and organic solvents, followed by re-encapsulation of the oil, for incorporation into the required emulsion products. The research presented in this PhD thesis was performed within the auspices of the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) funded, Sustainable Emulsion Ingredients through Bio-Innovation (SEIBI) project, which involved collaboration with researchers from the University of Nottingham together with a consortium of industrial partners. SEIBI was initiated to investigate a novel processing route for the production of food-grade rape and sunflowerseed oil emulsions from aqueously extracted oil-bodies. Being less energy and chemical intensive, the novel process offered potential reductions in both greenhouse gas emissions and wider environmental impacts when compared with conventional processing. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques, the environmental burdens of the aqueous oil-body extraction process were determined and compared with those of the existing technology route. To facilitate this, the research focussed on six key objectives, designed to both identify the environmental loads of the systems involved and scrutinise the impact of a number of methodological choices for LCA. These included choice of allocation method, normalisation, scaling issues distinct for novel processes and the extent to which the single-issue LCA variant, carbon footprinting could be used as an environmental indicator for the system. LCAs for four separate categories of product systems were developed encompassing seed oils, mayonnaises, aqueously extracted oil-body materials and mayonnaise-like oil-body emulsions. In addition to generating the environmental profiles required to fulfil the research objectives, the analysis of these models enabled the generation of original knowledge through the quantification of impacts for a range of processes that had either not previously been assessed or for which no published data could be found. The novel process was concluded as having clear potential for improved environmental performance over current technology even in its' pre-optimised, although the methodological choices examined were found to have profound effects on these and other results. Oil-body yield from seed was identified as key for optimisation to further maximise the environmental gains, with modest improvements, well within those theoretically possible being required for the novel process to better the environmental credentials of current technology in all key impact areas. The original outputs from this thesis will be of considerable use to developers involved in the continued advancement of the oil-body extraction technology, together with researchers within the edible oils and emulsions sector. In addition, the methodological outputs will help to inform LCA practitioners and developers in the continuing quest to understand the capabilities and limitations of this powerful analytical tool.
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Norat-Soto, Teresa. "Le rôle de la consommation de viandes, charcuteries et poissons dans l'étiologie de cancer du côlon et du rectum : résultats de l'Etude Prospective Européenne sur la Nutrition et le Cancer (EPIC)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003094.
Full textAbstract:
Nous avons analysé la relation entre le risque de cancer colorectal et la consommation de viande et de poisson dans la population qui participe dans l'Etude Prospective Européenne sur le Cancer et la Nutrition. Il s'agit d'une étude sur plus de 400 000 sujets volontaires de dix pays européens. Le risque de cancer colorectal apparaît lié à un niveau de consommation élevé de viande rouge. Le hazard ratio associé à une consommation supérieure à 160 grammes par jour par rapport à une consommation inférieure à 20 grammes par jour est de 1.35 (95% IC=0.96-1.88). La consommation élevée de poisson semble diminuer le risque de cancer colorectal. Le hazard ratio pour une consommation de poisson supérieure à 80 grammes par jour par rapport à celle de moins de 10 grammes par jour est de 0.69 (IC=0.54-0.88). La consommation de volailles n'a pas d'incidence sur le risque de cancer colorectal. Nous avons intégré par méta-analyse nos résultats avec ceux des études prospectives publiées entre 1990 et juin 2006. D'après 14 études, le risque relatif moyen associé aux niveaux de consommation de viande rouge les plus hauts par rapport aux niveaux les plus bas est de 1.34 (95% CI=1.09-1.21). En ce qui concerne les niveaux de consommation de poisson les plus hauts par rapport aux niveaux les plus bas (treize études), le risque relatif moyen est de 0.87 (95%CI=0.78-0.97). Nos résultats montrent qu'une diminution des apports de viande rouge parmi les gros consommateurs devrait conduire à une diminution du risque de cancer colorectal pour cette population. La consommation de fibre alimentaire et de poisson en grosses quantités semble diminuer le risque, mais cette relation doit être confirmée par d'autres études.
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Amoros, Emmanuelle. "Les blessés par accidents de la route : estimation de leur nombre et de leur gravité lésionnelle, France, 1996-2004." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511718.
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Les victimes d'accident de la route sont recensées par les forces de l'ordre, en France, et dans la plupart des pays. L'enregistrement des blessés non-décédés est incomplet et biaisé (biais de sélection et de classement de la gravité). Un registre médical couvre le département du Rhône. La coexistence des recensements policier et médical permet par capture-recapture d'estimer un bilan exhaustif au niveau rhodanien, et ainsi d'estimer les facteurs de correction des données policières. En faisant l'hypothèse d'homogénéité, sur le territoire national, des pratiques policières d'enregistrement des blessés, nous appliquons les coefficients de correction aux données policières nationales, en redressant sur les facteurs de biais. Les effectifs annuels moyens sur 1996-2004 sont alors estimés à 514 000 blessés dont 61 000 blessés graves, soit 3,7 et 2,2 fois les décomptes des forces de l'ordre. Les blessés avec séquelles lourdes sont estimés à 8000 annuellement, soit autant que les tués.
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Almugaiteeb, Turki I. "OPTIMIZING COBALT CARBIDE BASED NANOMATERIALS BY USING NUCLEATING AGENTS AND STATISTICAL ROUTES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4310.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous high demand on permanent magnets in industries opened new research plateau to develop alternative magnetic material. The current used permanent magnet materials in the market still suffer from high cost and insufficient magnetic or thermal properties. The central focus of this dissertation work is the optimization of cobalt carbide based nanomaterial by means of modifying polyol synthesis assisted by nucleation agent and systematic statistics using JMP software tool. In most existing literatures, producing cobalt carbide (Co2C or Co3C) lack reproducibility and consistency resulting in nonsolid magnetic properties results. The practical requirements for cobalt carbide to be used as permanent magnet are high coercivity (Hc), high magnetization (Ms), resulting in a high-energy product (HcxMs). Previous literatures have shown coercivities of 1.5 to 2.5 kOe for cobalt carbides under aggressive temperatures conditions (300oC) or after aligning the particles under magnetic field.
A statistical guided method performed a sequence of experiments toward producing high coercivities using surface response design. Primarily, the statistical study to optimize cobalt carbide was made by analyzing experimental condition to fulfill high magnetic properties with tuned conditions as much as possible. Therefore, having the advantage for superior control on process variable when shifting cobalt carbide for scale up production in flow chemistry set up using microreaction system (MMRS). The optimization is based upon selecting the most important conditions in polyol reaction to produce cobalt carbide (Co2C or Co3C) and feed JMP software model e.g. reaction temperature, reaction time, and or precursor concentration…etc. These factors called (effects) used to design experiments and generate tables to run minimum experiments. Points of each effect (levels) are selected based on previous knowledge and experience with the synthesis. The output called (response) can be any of the magnetic properties of our interest e.g. magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), or energy magnetic product (HcxMs). In the first model fit of cobalt carbide magnetic was studied in a polyol reaction to increase its magnetic energy product and optimize the experimental conditions. The results disclosed increase in magnetic energy product (6.2 MGOe) when validating the prediction model conditions suggested by JMP: shorter reaction time, and lower precursor concentration conditions at maximum reaction temperature.
Finally, to my knowledge studying the effect of the nucleating agent to alter cobalt carbide growth have not been studied so far. Therefore, statistical study design using central composite design (CCD) to investigate the nucleating agent effect of silver nitrite on cobalt carbide coercivity was made. The importance of nucleating agent on coercivity is vigorous to attain and control the growth direction of cobalt carbide nanoparticles. This is due to the shape anisotropy contribution to enhance coercivity unlike weak shape anisotropy attributed to agglomeration of nanoparticles demonstrated in previous studies. Enhancement of coercivity reached 3 kOe with aspect ratio control as a function of silver nitrite concentration under lower reaction temperature.
The continuous high demand on permanent magnets in industries opened new research plateau to develop alternative magnetic material. The current used permanent magnet materials in the market still suffer from high cost and insufficient magnetic or thermal properties. The central focus of this dissertation work is the optimization of cobalt carbide based nanomaterial by means of modifying polyol synthesis assisted by nucleation agent and systematic statistics using JMP software tool. In most existing literatures, producing cobalt carbide (Co2C or Co3C) lack reproducibility and consistency resulting in nonsolid magnetic properties results. The practical requirements for cobalt carbide to be used as permanent magnet are high coercivity (Hc), high magnetization (Ms), resulting in a high-energy product (HcxMs). Previous literatures have shown coercivities of 1.5 to 2.5 kOe for cobalt carbides under aggressive temperatures conditions (300oC) or after aligning the particles under magnetic field.
A statistical guided method performed a sequence of experiments toward producing high coercivities using surface response design. Primarily, the statistical study to optimize cobalt carbide was made by analyzing experimental condition to fulfill high magnetic properties with tuned conditions as much as possible. Therefore, having the advantage for superior control on process variable when shifting cobalt carbide for scale up production in flow chemistry set up using microreaction system (MMRS). The optimization is based upon selecting the most important conditions in polyol reaction to produce cobalt carbide (Co2C or Co3C) and feed JMP software model e.g. reaction temperature, reaction time, and or precursor concentration…etc. These factors called (effects) used to design experiments and generate tables to run minimum experiments. Points of each effect (levels) are selected based on previous knowledge and experience with the synthesis. The output called (response) can be any of the magnetic properties of our interest e.g. magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), or energy magnetic product (HcxMs). In the first model fit of cobalt carbide magnetic was studied in a polyol reaction to increase its magnetic energy product and optimize the experimental conditions. The results disclosed increase in magnetic energy product (6.2 MGOe) when validating the prediction model conditions suggested by JMP: shorter reaction time, and lower precursor concentration conditions at maximum reaction temperature.
Finally, to my knowledge studying the effect of the nucleating agent to alter cobalt carbide growth have not been studied so far. Therefore, statistical study design using central composite design (CCD) to investigate the nucleating agent effect of silver nitrite on cobalt carbide coercivity was made. The importance of nucleating agent on coercivity is vigorous to attain and control the growth direction of cobalt carbide nanoparticles. This is due to the shape anisotropy contribution to enhance coercivity unlike weak shape anisotropy attributed to agglomeration of nanoparticles demonstrated in previous studies. Enhancement of coercivity reached 3 kOe with aspect ratio control as a function of silver nitrite concentration under lower reaction temperature.
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Rismanchian, Omid. "Evidence-based spatial intervention for regeneration of deteriorating urban areas : a case of study from Tehran, Iran." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8023.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout the urban development process over the last seven decades in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, many self-generated neighbourhoods have developed in which the majority of the residents are low-income families. On one hand, the main spatial attribute of these deprived neighbourhoods is spatial isolation from the surrounding, more affluent areas, which is accompanied by inadequate urban infrastructure and a lack of accessibility and permeability. On the other hand, the Tehran City Revitalisation Organisation - the governmental sector which is in charge of the deprived areas - is incapable of conducting urban regenerations without investment from the private sector, and is seeking methods to create ‘socio-economic stimulant zones’ to attract private sector participation in regeneration programmes. In this regard, this research investigates the notion of ‘spatial isolation’ which in return causes socio-economic isolation as highlighted in the literature. The research suggests that in order to develop feasible regeneration programmes, which can meet the interest of both people and government, and release the deprived area from isolation both spatially and socio-economically, the regeneration plans should focus on public open space developments as ‘socio-economic stimulant zones’. With regard to this idea, the research highlights the street as a ‘social arena’ – not arteries or thoroughfares – as the type of public open space in which its development could not only release the deprived areas from spatial isolation, but could also direct more pedestrian movement to and through the deprived neighbourhoods, making more opportunities for the creation of socio-economic interactions. In this respect, the theory of ‘natural movement’ and theories and literature of ‘integrated public open spaces’ form the theoretical framework of the research to support this idea. For further investigation, two case studies, one as the deprived area and one as the control area, have been chosen, and the spatial pattern of the city and the two cases have been analysed in regard to the notion of ‘spatial isolation’ through Space Syntax using Depthmap software and GIS. Also, the correlation between the distribution pattern of commercial land uses and syntactic measures across the city of Tehran is investigated to identify the potential streets in which to create commercial opportunities. Afterwards, in order to study the street life and the variety of activities the streets can afford, a few locally integrated streets in the deprived case have been chosen. At this stage, nineteen behaviours have been observed and classified in five major classes including the necessary, social, optional, hazardous, and occasional activities, and the correlation with syntactic measures are studied. Moreover, the methods of developing a route filtering system and a transformability index for identifying the most suitable streets for the creation of a pedestrian friendly network are discussed, using an example of a deprived area, integrating it with the surrounding urban fabric to create the ‘socio-economic stimulant zones’. The results show that by identifying the underlying spatial pattern of the urban fabric, it is possible to release the deprived areas from its spatial isolation through developing a street network without causing urban fragmentation. This approach could also form a cost-effective basis for developing a pedestrian friendly street network as one of the ‘socio-economic stimulant zones’, which the Tehran City Revitalisation Organisation is looking for; the type of streets that not only support the necessary activities and transportation, but could also facilitate socio-economic interaction.
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Nguie, Habib marius. "Les tontines africaines entre finances et vecteur de lien social : comparaison des tontines africaines du marché de Château-Rouge et des tontines des marchés de Brazzaville." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100129.
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Cette thèse a mené une étude comparative entre les tontines pratiquées sur le marché noir-africain de Château-Rouge et celles pratiquées dans les marchés de Brazzaville. Au Congo, les tontines se développent par défaut d'autres institutions monétaires et de protection sociale accessibles aux populations. Les tontines sont donc un instrument de sécurisation financière évitant aux petits commerçants de dépenser l’intégralité de leurs bénéfices au quotidien. Elles permettent à leurs membres de se protéger de la propension à gaspiller de l’argent, de le mettre à l’abri des voleurs et de la pression des proches. Si les tontines constituent une alternative au système bancaire formel pour les populations à faibles revenus monétaires, elles drainent également une épargne qui alimente des comptes-épargne et qui sert de fonds de roulement aux micro-finances. Dans le contexte migratoire parisien, les femmes congolaises ressentent le besoin de transposer ce dispositif : les tontines deviennent un outil d’intégration sur le marché et un vecteur de socialisation. Par ailleurs, les femmes en situation irrégulière étant exclues du système bancaire et assurantiel français, elles ont recours aux tontines comme instrument d’épargne et de protection sociale. A travers le financement de projets dans le pays d’origine, les tontines établissent un pont entre populations immigrées et leurs proches restés au pays. Dans le cas particulier des femmes prostituées, les tontines apparaissent comme un outil de blanchiment symbolique de l’« argent sale » de la prostitutionThis PhD thesis is a comparative study between tontines practiced on the African migrant market in the Parisian district of Château-Rouge and those practiced in the market of Brazzaville, Congo. In the Congo, tontines spring up in the absence of other accessible monetary and social protection institutions. Therefore tontines are an instrument of financial security enabling small businesses to avoid spending all their earnings on a daily basis. They allow for members to protect themselves from their inclination to overspend or waste money and to shelter money from theft or pressure from peers. Tontines constitute an alternative to the formal banking system for populations with low monetary income, but they also channel savings which fuel savings accounts and serve as working capital to micro-finances institutions. In the Parisian migratory context, Congolese women feel the need to replicate this device: tontines thus become a market integration instrument and a vehicle for socialization. Moreover illegal female immigrants excluded from the French banking and insurance system resort to tontines as a means of social protection and savings. Through financing projects in their country of origin, tontines establish a bridge between immigrant populations and their relatives back home. In the specific case of female prostitutes, tontines appear to be an instrument of symbolic dirty-money laundering
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Charalambides, Monica. "Appraisals of anomalous experiences in need for care versus non-need for care groups : examining the cognitive route of impact of victimisation life events." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/appraisals-of-anomalous-experiences-in-need-for-care-versus-nonneed-for-care-groups(9d581c95-a702-4fea-8263-f06b1ae4e89a).html.
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Introduction: Psychotic-like experiences are commonly found in the general population; this raises the question as to why some individuals are in ‘need for care’ whilst others are not adversely impacted by such experiences. Cognitive models of psychosis highlight appraisals as key to moving people along the psychosis continuum. Victimisation has also been implicated in both clinical and non-clinical populations. The role of appraisals in providing a cognitive route between victimisation and psychosis is investigated more fully in the current study. Method: Appraisals of two experimentally-induced anomalous experiences (the Cards Task and Telepath Task) and number of victimisation experiences (interpersonal trauma and perceived discrimination) of individuals currently endorsing psychotic-like experiences in ‘need for care’ (N = 25) and ‘not in need for care’ (N = 25) were compared. The relationship between victimisation and appraisal type (maladaptive versus adaptive) was also explored across groups. Results: The ‘need for care’ group endorsed significantly higher ratings on maladaptive appraisals on both experimental tasks. The ‘non-need for care’ group endorsed significantly higher ratings on adaptive appraisals on the Telepath task. There were no significant differences in number of lifetime victimisation experiences between groups; however the ‘need for care’ group reported higher rates of adulthood discrimination. A significant relationship between victimisation and appraisals was not evident. Nevertheless there were some tentative links between adaptive, but not maladaptive, appraisals and impact and powerlessness in relation to victimisation experiences. Conclusions: Results are consistent with cognitive models of psychosis. Similar rates of total victimisation experiences across the lifespan in both groups suggest that victimisation may be implicated in the formation of anomalous experiences, but not in determining ‘need for care’ status. Factors such as social support and on-going impact and powerlessness in relation to the victimisation experiences, may be more relevant to the transition to ‘need for care’.
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Marr, Carroll D. "Developing and implementing a lifestyle evangelism program with a select group of adult members of Zoar Baptist Church, Baton Rouge, Louisiana." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Vikström, Lotta. "Gendered routes and courses : The socio-spatial mobility of migrants in nineteenth-century Sundsvall, Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-14689.
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This dissertation examines migrants during a time of large-scale socio-economic transformations. These changes were particularly evident in the nineteenth-century town of Sundsvall, Sweden, to which thousands of men and women moved. The causes and consequences of their arrival are analyzed by considering migrants’ geographical backgrounds, socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and their life-courses in the town. The results are explained by employing a micro-perspective focusing on individual migrants and a macro-perspective that, in addition to acknowledging the importance of structural socio-economic changes, also takes into account the current gender regime. The paths and experiences of women during the period of industrialization are particularly emphasized. Computerized parish registers enable this study to clarify gendered patterns of socio-spatial mobility. It finds differences and similarities between male and female migrants and illuminates their features in pre-industrial and urban-industrial Sundsvall. The influx increased remarkably over time but its even gender distribution and the characteristics of migrants remained fairly constant even though the town’s economic life was based on the surrounding sawmill industry that should have favored men’s arrival. Female migrants traveled shorter distances but they responded to business cycles in much the same way as men did and paralleled their length of residence in the town. The routes migrants took to Sundsvall were largely gendered and so were the consequences of their arrival. Life-course analyses show that a high level of social stability characterized most migrants during their stay in the town, but men particularly benefited from the economic transformation that was underway. Women seldom experienced upward social mobility although the additional sources used here such as local newspapers reveal they were very active in the urban labor market. In addition to gender several factors influenced patterns of migration such as socio-economic transformations, the availability of social networks, improving transportation, and a growing supply of information. Migrants’ multiple movements reveal that regional and larger migration systems brought people to Sundsvall but also encouraged them to leave. Their frequent travels illuminates the process of migration on individual and structural levels and shed light onto the slow process of urbanization in Sweden. Shifts in women’s migration patterns are viewed both as a protest against gendered constraints and as a result of the wider public space and labor opportunities they achieved through the introduction of legal and socio-economic reforms in the late nineteenth-century. This thesis shows the necessity to employ both micro- and macro-perspectives inspired by approaches used in different disciplines to conceptualize migrants and their experience of socio-spatial mobility. The use of a variety of methods and diverse array of sources benefits such efforts and helps identify gendered patterns and women’s paths. These methodologies allow us to recognize migrants as agents of change who negotiated a turbulent time and setting that influenced their socio-spatial mobility.digitalisering@umu
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Beauchet, Sandra. "Evaluation multicritère d'itinéraires techniques viticoles associant l'évaluation environnementale par Analyse du Cycle de Vie avec l'évaluation de la qualité du raisin. : Contribution au choix des pratiques pour une amélioration des itinéraires techniques viticoles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0078.
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La production du raisin à l’origine de vins AOC (Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée) est soumise à des cahiers de charges imposant des exigences en termes de rendement, de qualité des produits et de pratiques. En plus de ces exigences, le viticulteur doit désormais faire évoluer ses itinéraires techniques viticoles pour en améliorer les performances environnementales. Or, définir des lignes directrices d’action pour une amélioration des pratiques viticoles en s'appuyant sur les évaluations environnementales et de qualité du raisin est complexe tant ces évaluations fournissent un nombre important d'indicateurs. L’objectif de la thèse est la construction d’une méthode d’évaluation prenant en compte en parallèle l’évaluation de la performance environnementale des itinéraires techniques viticoles avec la qualité du raisin et permettant d’aider le viticulteur et son conseiller à identifier les pratiques assurant le meilleur compromis entre « performance environnementale » et « qualité de production ». Cette méthode permet d’analyser un itinéraire technique viticole mais aussi de comparer ce dernier à d’autres. Cette méthode a été développée et testée à l’aide de cinq itinéraires techniques viticoles aux pratiques différenciées sur le cépage Chenin blanc en moyenne vallée de la Loire pendant deux années aux climats contrastés. Les travaux ont permis de (i) faire une adaptation du calcul d’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) spécifique au système de production viticole, (ii) montrer l’importance de la variabilité interannuelle dans les résultats d’évaluation environnementale par ACV. Les travaux ont aussi abouti à l’élaboration d’un modèle explicatif de la qualité du raisin à partir des pratiques viticoles et des facteurs pédoclimatiques permettant d’étudier l’incidence potentielle d’un changement de pratiques sur les critères d’évaluation de la qualité du raisin. La construction de la méthode multicritères CONTRA-QUALENVIC pour la viticulture, principale issue de ce travail, comporte (i) la construction de règles de décision et de fonctions mathématiques pour y répondre et (ii) des réunions d’experts pour caractériser les critères à agréger et les pondérer. La méthode CONTRA-QUALENVIC a été éprouvée en la comparant à d’autres méthodes. Pour conclure, la méthode CONTRA-QUALENVIC est une méthode pertinente pour l’aide à la décision dans le cadre d’une amélioration continue des pratiques viticoles vers un meilleur respect de l’environnement tout en préservant la qualité du raisinGrape production from PDO wines (Protected Designation of Origin) is subjected to tender specifications, imposing requirements in terms of performance, as well as practices and products quality. In addition to these requirements, the winemaker must now make its viticultural technical management routes evolve, to improve its environmental performances. But, defining actions guidelines for the improvement of viticultural practices based on environmental assessments and grape qualityis very complex, since each one of these assessments provide a significant number of indicators. The aim of the thesis is to construct an evaluation method that takes into consideration both evaluating the environmental performance of viticultural technical management routes with grape quality and assisting the winemaker and advisor to identify practices to ensure the best compromise between "environmental performance" and " product quality". This method allows to analyze a technical management route as well as to compare it to others. This method was developed and tested on five technical management routes with differentiated practices, on the Chenin Blanc grape variety in the middle Loire Valley, for two years with contrasted climates.The study helped (i) analyzing the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results specifically for viticulture, (ii) showing the importance of interannual variability in the results of environmental assessment by LCA. The work also led to the development of a model to explain the grapes quality linked with viticultural practices, and soil and climate factors, to study the potential impact of a practice change, on the grape quality evaluation. The CONTRA-QUALENVIC multi-criteria method construction for viticulture is the main outcome of this study, and includes (i) the construction of decision rules and mathematical functions to meet them, and (ii) experts’ meetings to characterize the criteria to aggregate and weight. The CONTRA-QUALENVIC method has been tested by comparing it to other methods.To conclude, the CONTRA-QUALENVIC method is an effective method for decision support as part of a continuous improvement of viticultural practices towards a better respect of the environment, while maintaining the grape quality
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MORVAN, KAUFFMANN EVELYNE. "Role adaptatif de l'operateur humain dans les grands systemes critiques le cas de la maintenance en ligne dans un centre en route de la navigation aerienne." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30235.
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Dans les grands systemes critiques, l'organisation des fonctions de protection ou defenses (confiees a des hommes ou des elements techniques) constitue un theme de recherche d'un interet majeur et qui devrait amener a une articulation de l'ergonomie avec des approches techniques et sociologiques de la tolerance aux fautes. Ce point de vue s'appuie sur l'etude d'une situation de travail (la maintenance en-ligne d'un systeme informatique tolerant aux fautes dans le controle aerien). Un cadre conceptuel issu de la surete de fonctionnement informatique nous permet d'identifier des principes generaux pour guider la conception et l'evolution des systemes socio-techniques tolerants aux fautes. Une analyse bibliographique critique des visions de la place de l'operateur comme defense dans un systeme critique nous conduit a proposer quatre modeles : (a) des defenses en serie, (b) des defenses distribuees, (c) de la dynamique des interactions et (d) de la solidarite technique. L'etude de cas valide l'interet du modele de la solidarite technique d'un point de vue ergonomique. L'analyse porte sur les activites au poste de travail en relation avec : (1) la dynamique de propagation des erreurs via le systeme technique et (2) avec les interdependances liees a l'architecture organisationnelle (ensemble des entites socio-techniques impliquees dans l'utilisation ou le fonctionnement du systeme technique). L'analyse s'appuie sur la notion de champ de travail et sur la comparaison entre sa dimension prescrite et celle qui provient de l'observation en contexte reel de gestion de faute technique. Nous identifions ainsi des activites adaptatives (prevention de combinaisons d'erreurs et de violations, facilitation de la cooperation humaine) et certaines conditions qui les favorisent. Le modele ouvre sur des perspectives interessantes en termes d'eclairage des choix organisationnels pour renforcer la protection du systeme contre l'accumulation, l'activation et la propagation d'erreur (quelle qu'en soit la cause initiale) au travers d'un champ de travail donne.
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Obón, Estrada Eleonora. "Towards the recovery of rare earth elements from end-of-life products : hydrometallurgical routes and mathematical modelling of extraction systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669262.
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The rare earth elements (REEs) are essential ingredients for the development of modern industry and the transition to a more sustainable economy model. The unique physicochemical features of these elements, such as their magnetism and optical properties, are greatly expanding their application. They have become key elements for the manufacture of many ordinary consumer goods like hybrid cars, fluorescent lamps or electronic devices like mobile phones or tablets. The growing popularity of the rare earth elements derivatives is leading to an increase in the global demand and the price of these elements. Unfortunately, the current availability of these resources is limited due to three main factors: their heterogeneous geological location, their low concentration in the ores, and the environmental issues related with their mining.
All these disadvantages concerning the supply of the rare earth elements have led to the study of new techniques to obtain them, such as the recycling of end-of-life products. Recycling of REEs arises as a new secondary source of supply of REEs, especially in Europe where large amounts of technological waste are generated every year. Currently, the recycling of rare earth elements represents less than 1% of the global supply. Nevertheless, some studies in the literature assume that by 2050 the recovery rate of REEs will be 90% for wind turbines, 70% for electrical vehicles and 40% for the rest of derivative products.
The research presented in this thesis relies on experimental investigation of new hydrometallurgical routes, the majority of them involving the use of ionic liquids, which could eventually be applied for the recovery of rare earth elements from end-of-life products. Matemathical modelling of the reported extraction systems has been carried out in order to provide a computational instrument that can be easily tailored for prediction of other collecting processes requiring minor adjustments.Les terres rares son ingredients essencials per al desenvolupament de la indústria moderna i la transició cap a un model econòmic més sostenible. Les seves característiques físico-químiques úniques, com el seu magnetisme i propietats òptiques, han precipitat un increment accelerat en l’aplicació d’aquests elements. Les terres rares s’han convertit en elements clau per a la fabricació de molts articles d’ús diari com per exemple, cotxes elèctrics i dispositius electrònics com telèfons mòbils i tabletes. La creixent popularitat dels productes que contenen aquests metalls està provocant un escalat en la demanda global i el preu de les terres rares. Desafortunadament, en l’actualitat, la disponibilitat d’aquests recursos a la natura és limitada degut bàsicament a tres factors: heterogènia localització geològica, baixa concentració als minerals que els contenen i inconvenients mediambientals relacionats amb la mineria. Els inconvenients relacionats amb el subministrament de les terres rares a nivell mundial han propiciat l’estudi de noves tècniques per a la obtenció d’aquests elements mitjançant el reciclatge de productes que els contenen. El reciclatge sorgeix com una font secundària alternativa a la mineria per tal d’assegurar el provisionament de terres rares especialment a Europa, on generem grans quantitats de residus tecnològics cada any. Actualment, la taxa de reciclatge de terres rares se situa per sota l'1% del subministrament global. No obstant, alguns estudis publicats en la literatura assumeixen que l’any 2050, la taxa de recuperació haurà augmentat considerablement, de manera que es reciclarà fins a un 90% de les terres rares provinents d’aerogeneradors, 70% de vehicles elèctrics i 40% de la resta de productes que contenen aquests metalls. La recerca presentada en aquesta tesi es basa, principalment, en la investigació de noves rutes hidrometal·lúrgies, la majoria d’elles utilitzant líquids iònics, que puguin ser implementades en processos de recuperació de terres rares a partir de residus tecnològics. D’altra banda, s’han elaborat models matemàtics dels sistemes d’extracció reportats que pretenen convertir-se en una eina computacional, fàcilment adaptable, per a la predicció del comportament d’extracció en d’altres processos de recuperació amb diferents condicions experimentals.
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Javouhey, E. "Enfants victimes de l'insécurité routière : épidémiologie des traumatismes et séquelles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544001.
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Cette recherche avait pour objectif de mieux connaître l'épidémiologie des traumatismes par accident de la route chez l'enfant. Pour cela, des analyses ont été réalisées à partir des données d'une grande qualité : le Registre du Rhône. Les incidences de traumatismes routiers chez les enfants ont été calculées. La localisation et la nature des lésions ont été finement décrites, en fonction du type d'usager de la route. Le deuxième objectif était d'identifier des facteurs de risque de traumatisme sévère et de séquelles. Les handicaps secondaires aux traumatismes routiers ont été étudiés à partir d'une étude de cohorte prospective multicentrique conduite dans douze villes françaises, incluant 139 enfants sévèrement traumatisés de la route et admis en réanimation pédiatrique. Les déficiences fonctionnelles, comportementales et cognitives ainsi que les degrés d'incapacités et les retentissements sur la famille et la scolarité, ont été évalués six mois et un an après l'accident. Les différents outils d'évaluation ont montré leur complémentarité pour apprécier la réalité des handicaps. Des facteurs de risque de séquelles à un an ont été identifiés permettant de cibler les enfants qui devraient bénéficier d'une prise en charge et d'un suivi particuliers. Des recommandations pour la prévention ont pu être élaborées, concernant particulièrement l'utilisation des dispositifs de protection en voiture, à deux-roues, les modalités de prise en charge en fonction des facteurs de gravité et les modalités de traitement en phase aiguë.
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Lenguerrand, Erik. "L'exposition au risque routier et sa prise en compte dans les analyses épidémiologiques des accidents del la route selon la disponibilité de l'information." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544856.
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La détermination des risques relatifs d'insécurité primaire nécessite de connaître la population à risque d'être accidentée. L'exposition au risque routier est difficile à analyser : elle est multidimensionnelle et rarement renseignée. Un état de l'art du concept d'exposition est tout d'abord dressé pour préciser ses spécificités. La détermination des risques d'accident, lorsque l'information sur l'exposition est disponible, est présentée à travers les approches de cohorte, cas-témoins et celle accidentologique estimant des taux d'accidents. Les méthodes d'exposition induite et de quasi exposition-induite, utilisées pour déterminer les risques d'accident en l'absence d'information d'exposition, sont ensuite comparées à l'approche castémoins. Enfin, la portée, en termes de sécurité routière primaire, de résultats obtenus uniquement sur données de sécurité secondaire est discutée. Ce travail décrit les forces et faiblesses des différentes méthodes utilisées pour prendre en compte le rôle de l'exposition au risque routier dans les analyses observationnelles des accidents de la route
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Dannerud, Sara. "Sårbarheter i routrar och switchar." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91870.
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Det finns många olika källor där man kan få information om sårbarheter i routrar och switchar. Mängden information gör det dock svårt att på ett enkelt sätt ta reda på vilka tillverkare som drabbas och vilken typ av sårbarheter man hittar i nätverksutrustning. Därmed är det också svårt att veta hur man ska skydda sin utrustning mot attacker. I detta examensarbete analyseras ett antal befintliga sårbarheter i routrar och switchar. Dessa sårbarheter har valts ut genom att i National Vulnerability Database söka på orden ”router” och ”switch”. Målet med analysen är att svara på frågorna vem, vad och varför när det gäller sårbarheter i routrar och switchar. Examensarbetet beskriver vilka tillverkare som drabbas av sårbarheter, vilka typer av sårbarheter som är vanligast i routrar och switchar och varför sårbarheterna har uppstått. Utifrån detta dras slutsatser om vad man som användare ska göra för att undvika attacker mot sin utrustning. I arbetet beskrivs också hur tillverkarna väljer att hantera de sårbarheter som finns i deras produkter.There are a lot of different sources to information about vulnerabilities in routers and switches. The amount of information means that there is no easy way to find out which vendors are affected by vulnerabilities and what types of vulnerabilities that are found in network equipment. Thereby it is also hard to know how to protect your equipment against attacks. In this thesis a number of already existing vulnerabilities in router and switches are being analyzed. These vulnerabilities have been chosen by searching the National Vulnerability Database using the words “router” and “switch”. The aim of the analysis is to answer the questions who, what and why when it comes to vulnerabilities in routers and switches. The thesis describes which vendors are exposed to vulnerabilities, what types of vulnerabilities that are most common among routers and switches and why these vulnerabilities have came up. Based on this information, conclusions are drawn regarding what the user should do to avoid vulnerabilities in their equipment. The way the companies deal with vulnerabilities in their products is also described.
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Nilsson, Kim. "Reactive Networking using Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsnät, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154832.
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This master thesis studies the possibilities of using a radio-router protocol in order to increase the quality of service in dynamic tactical network environments. We cover three radio-router protocols with emphasis on Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP). Many applications, such as voice and video communication, have bandwidth and latency requirements which need to be fulfilled in order to provide a sufficient level of quality. This poses a problem in tactical network environments where links are typically dynamic and both bandwidth andlatency can vary. A radio-router protocol can alleviate this problem and also improve the routing in a network by allowing routers to take part of link-layer information. By using a radio link emulator (RLE) developed by Saab we are able to simulate dynamic network environments. We have performed two experiments by combining the RLE and an implementation of a subset ofthe DLEP specification draft. Both experiments simulate typical military network scenarios and allow us to analyse the effects of utilizing link-layerfeedback.Our results show that by using DLEP it is possible to provide better quality of service in highly dynamic conditions. We also show that DLEP can influence Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) by making OLSR aware of changes in the network topology. This leads to a reduced network convergence time with only a small increase in OLSR overhead.