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Journal articles on the topic 'Roundness, Form Error Evaluation'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Ali, Salah H. R. "Performance Investigation of CMM Measurement Quality Using Flick Standard." Journal of Quality and Reliability Engineering 2014 (July 17, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/960649.

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Quality of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in dimension and form metrology is designed and performed at the NIS. The experimental investigation of CMM performance is developed by using reference Flick standard. The measurement errors of corresponding geometric evaluation algorithm (LSQ, ME, MC, and MI) and probe scanning speed (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm/s) are obtained through repeated arrangement, comparison, and judgment. The experimental results show that the roundness error deviation can be evaluated effectively and exactly for CMM performance by using Flick standard. Some of influencing quantities for diameter and roundness form errors may dominate the results at all fitting algorithms under certain circumstances. It can be shown that the 2 mm/s probe speed gives smaller roundness error than 1, 3, 4, and 5 mm/s within 0.2 : 0.3 μm. It ensures that measurement at 2 mm/s is the best case to satisfy the high level of accuracy in the certain condition. Using Flick standard as a quality evaluation tool noted a high precision incremental in diameter and roundness form indication. This means a better transfer stability of CMM quality could be significantly improved. Moreover, some error formulae of data sets have been postulated to correlate the diameter and roundness measurements within the application range. Uncertainty resulting from CMM and environmental temperature has been evaluated and confirmed the quality degree of confidence in the proposed performance investigation.

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2

Meo, A., L. Profumo, A. Rossi, and M. Lanzetta. "Optimum Dataset Size and Search Space for Minimum Zone Roundness Evaluation by Genetic Algorithm." Measurement Science Review 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2013-0018.

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Roundness is one of the most common features in machining. The minimum zone tolerance (MZT) approach provides the minimum roundness error, i.e. the minimum distance between the two concentric reference circles containing the acquired profile; more accurate form error estimation results in less false part rejections. MZT is still an open problem and is approached here by a Genetic Algorithm. Only few authors have addressed the definition of the search space center and size and its relationship with the dataset size, which greatly influence the inspection time for the profile measurement and the convergence speed of the roundness estimation algorithm for a given target accuracy. Experimental tests on certified roundness profiles, using the profile centroid as the search space center, have shown that the search space size is related to the number of dataset points and an optimum exists, which provides a computation time reduction up to an order of magnitude.

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3

Yan, Zhaobin, Shuangjiao Fan, Wenpeng Xu, Zhixin Zhang, and Guibing Pang. "Profile Evolution and Cross-Process Collaboration Strategy of Bearing Raceway by Centerless Grinding and Electrochemical Mechanical Machining." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010063.

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Roundness is one of the most important evaluation indexes of rotary parts. The formation and change of roundness in the machining of parts is essentially the formation and genetic process of profile. Centerless positioning machining is one of the main surface finishing methods of rotary parts. The rounding mechanism of centerless positioning machining determines its unique roundness profile formation and genetic characteristics. How to eliminate the roundness error of centerless positioning machining has become one of the important issues in the research of high-precision rotary part machining. This paper explores the influence of process parameters on the roundness error from the perspective of profile evolution during centerless grinding and electrochemical mechanical machining, with the aim of providing a cross-process collaboration strategy for improving bearing raceway accuracy. Through an experiment of centerless grinding, the influence law and mechanism of process parameters on the profile are discussed. On this basis, electrochemical mechanical machining experiments are designed to explore the variation rules and mechanisms of different profile shapes in the machining process. The cross-process collaboration strategy is studied, and reasonable parameters of centerless grinding and electrochemical mechanical machining are determined. The results show that in the centerless grinding stage, increasing the support plate angle can form a multiple-lobe profile with high frequency within a wide range of process parameters. Electrochemical mechanical machining can effectively smooth the high-frequency profile and appropriately expanding the cathode coverage can improve the roundness error and reduce the requirement of initial accuracy of a multiple-lobe profile workpiece to a certain extent. Therefore, the combined machining technology of “centerless grinding + electrochemical mechanical machining” provides an efficient technical means to realize the precision machining of rotary parts such as bearing raceways.

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4

Hu, Peng, Xin Xiong, Wen-Hao Zhang, Bing-Feng Ju, and Yuan-Liu Chen. "Accurate Inner Profile Measurement of a High Aspect Ratio Aspheric Workpiece Using a Two-Probe Measuring System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 6628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136628.

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This paper presents a novel method for inner profile measurement and geometric parameter evaluation, such as the radius of the bottom, steepness and straightness of the steep sidewall of a high aspect ratio aspheric workpiece, by utilizing a two-probe measuring system, which includes a lateral displacement gauge for the inner steep sidewall profile measurement and an axial displacement gauge for the inner deep underside profile measurement. To qualify the measurement accuracy, the systematic errors associated with the measurement procedure, including the miscalibration, misalignment and the roundness error of the gauge probes, as well as the slide motion error of the four-axis motion platform, are all evaluated and separated from the measurement results. A point cloud registration algorithm is employed to stitch the evaluated inner sidewall profile and the inner underside profile to form an entire inner profile of the workpiece. To verify the performance of the newly proposed method, the inner profile of a high aspect ratio aspheric workpiece, which has a tapered cone shape with a maximum inner radius of 40 mm, a maximum inner depth of 140 mm and a steep sidewall angle approaching 85°, is measured in experiments. The measurement result is compared with that of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), and the comparison verifies the feasibility of the proposed measurement system.

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5

Zhang, Lei, Ying Zhao, Dong Rong Zheng, and Ke Zhang. "Evaluation Method and Simulation Analysis of Gap Roundness Error." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1243.

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Theoretical analysis of existing evaluation method of gap roundness error and existing evaluation model of full roundness error is provided. Mathematical model of gap roundness error’s evaluation with least square method is founded based on the evaluation model of full roundness error, which gives a solution of gap roundness error. The results of the simulation analysis and measuring experiment show that mathematical model of gap roundness error’s evaluation with least square method is correct for computing gap roundness error.

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6

Jin, Long, Yue Ping Chen, Hai Yan Lu, Shu Ping Li, and Yi Chen. "Roundness Error Evaluation Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1285.

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A new approach for roundness (circularity) error evaluation based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed.The mathematical model of the roundness error under the condition of the minimum zone is derived. The background and advantages of DE are introduced, the fundamentals and implementation techniques are also given.The approach is verified by two examples.Compared with other methods, the results show that the proposed method makes the roundness error evaluation more accurate.

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7

Wu, Xin Jie, Duo Hao, Rong Rong Fu, and Chao Xu. "An Evaluation Method of Roundness Error Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.30.

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The roundness error is an important index of mechanical part and its interchangeability, it is the key to quality of product. A new method for calculating the roundness error based on artificial bee colony algorithm has been proposed in this paper. Artificial bee colony algorithm is an evolutionary computation. It has the character of simple technique, easy digital realization and few controlling parameters. Firstly, the basic principle of artificial bee colony algorithm is concisely introduced in this paper. The detailed steps for calculating the roundness error based on artificial bee colony algorithm have been described. Finally experiment results are given. These results have shown that the proposed method can correctly and effectively evaluate roundness error. The proposed method can overcome the local convergence in evaluation of roundness error based on least square method (LSM).

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8

Jiang, Benchi, Xin Du, Shilei Bian, and Lulu Wu. "Roundness error evaluation in image domain based on an improved bee colony algorithm." Mechanical Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-577-2022.

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Abstract. The roundness error is the main geometric characteristic parameter of shaft and hole parts. Evaluation accuracy is an important indicator of the quality inspection technology. Existing roundness error evaluation methods are insufficient in terms of the calculation amount, convergence speed, and calculation accuracy. This study proposes a novel roundness error evaluation method based on improved bee colony algorithm to evaluate the roundness error of shaft and hole parts. Population initialization and search mechanism were considered for the optimal design to improve the convergence precision of the algorithm. The population was initialized in the local search domain defined by the contour data. The roughness error was obtained by the convergence solution of the circle center calculated iteratively by the step-decreasing method. The roundness error was also evaluated by taking the same set of image domain data as an example to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The algorithm exhibited higher accuracy than that traditional methods and thus can be widely used to evaluate the roundness error of shaft and hole parts.

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9

Huang, Xiang, and Lin Shu Li. "Part Roundness Errors Evaluation Based on Modified Simplex Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.619.

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On the basis of establishing programming model of geometric error’s minimum regional evaluation, this paper applies modified simplex method to optimization evaluation of axial parts’ roundness measurement in order to improve the accuracy and speed of roundness error evaluation. The result shows that roundness error evaluation based on modified simplex method is of the following advantages such as high evaluation accuracy, fast calculation speed and good repeatability and so on. Practical examples prove that this method is of universality and practicality.

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10

Li, Guowen, Ying Xu, Chengbin Chang, Sainan Wang, Qian Zhang, and Dong An. "Improved bat algorithm for roundness error evaluation problem." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 9 (2022): 9388–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022437.

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<abstract> <p>In the production and processing of precision shaft-hole class parts, the wear of cutting tools, machine chatter, and insufficient lubrication can lead to changes in their roundness, which in turn affects the overall performance of the relevant products. To improve the accuracy of roundness error assessments, Bat algorithm (BA) is applied to roundness error assessments. An improved bat algorithm (IBA) is proposed to counteract the original lack of variational mechanisms, which can easily lead BA to fall into local extremes and induce premature convergence. First, logistic chaos initialisation is applied to the initial solution generation to enhance the variation mechanism of the population and improve the solution quality; second, a sinusoidal control factor is added to BA to control the nonlinear inertia weights during the iterative process, and the balance between the global search and local search of the algorithm is dynamically adjusted to improve the optimization-seeking accuracy and stability of the algorithm. Finally, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is integrated into BA, exploiting the ability of explorer bats to perform a large range search, so that the algorithm can jump out of local extremes and the convergence speed of the algorithm can be improved. The performance of IBA was tested against the classical metaheuristic algorithm on eight benchmark functions, and the results showed that IBA significantly outperformed the other algorithms in terms of solution accuracy, convergence speed, and stability. Simulation and example verification show that IBA can quickly find the centre of a minimum inclusion region when there are many or few sampling points, and the obtained roundness error value is more accurate than that of other algorithms, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of IBA in evaluating roundness errors.</p> </abstract>

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11

Yu, Yuan, Cheng Ren, and Yanhua Sun. "The shape error evaluation methods of the foils for a multi-leaf foil bearing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218760058.

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The geometric parameters of the elastic foil bearing are important basis for designing the foil bearing. Whether the main shape indices of the pressed foils meet the design requirements is the key to evaluate a manufacturing method. The inconsistent curvature radii of the top foils, the inconsistent bump heights of the bumps on the bump foil, the roundness error of the top foil, and the curve profile error of the bump foil may cause the pre-tightening assembly difference and different bearing capacity of each bearing shell. Aiming at the shape error evaluations of the foils for a multi-leaf foil bearing, first, the algorithm of geometric area optimization for circle roundness error is introduced and an evaluation method of arc roundness error is put forward according to the minimum zone principle in this paper. This method can be used to calculate the roundness error of the top foil for a multi-leaf foil bearing. The results show that the corresponding roundness error of the top foil decreases with the increasing of the pressing pressure. The relative roundness error is small (less than 7%), which changes a little with different pressing pressures. For the measurement of a bottom bump foil, the method of matching feature points is used in pre-location and then fine-positioning for the measured curve is implemented based on the least square method in order to eliminate the position error between the measured curve and the design curve. Thus, the curve profile error evaluation of the bottom bump foil for a multi-leaf foil bearing is implemented and the profile error of each bump can be obtained. According to the shape error evaluation values of the top foil and the bump foil, the quality control strategy and the error compensation by improving the mold structure can be further researched.

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12

Srinivasan, T., K. Palanikumar, and K. Rajagopal. "Roundness Error Evaluation in Drilling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene (GFR/PP) Composites Using Box Behnken Design (BBD)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.844.

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In this paper, the damage of drilling parameters on roundness error is investigated in drilling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene (GFR/PP) matrix composites with ‘Brad and Spur’ drill bit. The experiment is carried out using Solid Carbide drill bit and L27 orthogonal array is used to analyze the effect of spindle speed, feed rate and drill diameter. A complete and in-detail evaluation and optimization of cutting parameter using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique is carried out. The design is contributed for quality and productivity equally and analysis of the drilling parameters. The roundness error is determined using response surface methodology (RSM) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) which is used for analyzing the output results. One of the most important ovalty damage to be controlled on a cylindrical drilled part is the roundness error. The Co-ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is the general metrological equipment used for inspection of roundness error which is normally performed in a quality room. The results indicated that the model can be effectively used for predicting the response variable by means of which roundness error can be controlled. 3-D response surface graphs are developed to study the effect of drilling parameters with roundness error and presented in detail.

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13

Khlil, Alhadi, Zhanqun Shi, Abubakar Umar, and BoTong Ma. "Improved algorithm for minimum zone of roundness error evaluation using alternating exchange approach." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (January 7, 2022): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac40a6.

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Abstract Based on computational geometry techniques, an improved algorithm for the minimum zone of roundness error evaluation using an alternating exchange method is presented. A minimum zone fitting function was created to enhance the roundness error evaluation. The function uses three candidate points to determine the initial solution: the expected centre, the mean circle radius, and the corresponding zone half-width. The best solution function is designed to use the initial solution as the input to determine the optimum solution for the minimum zone circle (MZC). The proposed algorithm was validated using data available in the literature. The roundness error evaluation comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately detects both the centre error magnitude and MZC and overcomes the insufficiency of using selected colinear points for four selected points.

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14

Xiuming, Li, Zhao Xiangfei, Liu Hongqi, and Zhang Jingcai. "An efficient algorithm for evaluation of roundness error." Metrologia 50, no. 4 (June 12, 2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/50/4/325.

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15

Liu, Qing Min, Xue Li, and L. Zhang. "Realization Method for Detection on Arc Based on CCD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.856.

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s: Arc detection is difficult for processing, assembly and testing of industrial production because of limitations of detection methods, algorithms and instruments. The least-squares algorithm is used to fit data in circle detection. The application of conventional least-squares algorithm is limited, as roundness error is bigger, precision is lower. For detecting arc with data points of non-uniform distribution, improved least-squares algorithm, developed an analysis algorithm for assessing the minimum zone roundness error. Center and radius can be solved, without iteration and truncation error. Using the discrete data instances verified different roundness error evaluation methods. Visual measurements have been carried out using the proposed methods. Calculated results using the four kinds of roundness error evaluation methods (Figure 7-10). Ball diameter errors are-0.0245mm、0.0176mm、-0.1052mm and 0.302mm, roundness errors are 0.07mm、0.063mm、0.078mm and 0.146mm. The improved least-squares algorithm and the minimum zone algorithm are suitable for distributed data of all kinds situations, particularly suitable for the realization of machine vision inspection system, fast speed, high precision, wide application.

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16

ZHANG, Chunyang. "Method for Roundness Error Evaluation Based on Geometry Optimization." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 12 (2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2010.12.008.

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17

Lei, Xianqing, Chunyang Zhang, Yujun Xue, and Jishun Li. "Roundness error evaluation algorithm based on polar coordinate transform." Measurement 44, no. 2 (February 2011): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2010.10.007.

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18

García Plaza, Eustaquio, Pedro Jose Núñez López, and A. R. Martin. "Evaluation of On-Line Signals for Roundness Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 498 (April 2012): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.498.85.

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The cutting forces, mechanical vibration and acoustic emission signals obtained using dynamometer, accelerometer, and acoustic emissions sensors have been extensively used to monitor several aspects of the cutting processes in automated machining operations. This study assesses the significance of these on-line signals for the real-time monitoring and diagnosis of the roundness error in automated cylindrical turning processes. The system developed is based on predictive models obtained by regression techniques employing the orthogonal components of the cutting forces, mechanical vibration and acoustic emissions, and combines all three types of sensors into one system. This monitoring system enables the on-line monitoring and diagnosis of roundness error by registering, visualizing, and characterizing the signals obtained during the machining process.

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19

Liu, Qing Min, and Xue Li. "Machine Vision Detection on Circle with Non-Uniform Points." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.819.

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s.The least-squares algorithm is usually used to fit data in circle detection. The application of the conventional least-squares algorithm is limited, its’ roundness error is bigger, and precision is lower. For detecting circle with data points of non-uniform distribution, developed an analysis algorithm for assessing the minimum zone roundness error. Center and radius can be accurately solved, without iteration, without truncation error. Visual measurements have been carried out for known diameter D=2.564mm tooth shape chain board’s aperture using the proposed methods, calculated results (Table 1) using four kinds of roundness error evaluation methods. Tooth shape chain board’s aperture diameter errors are 0.0157mm、0.0126mm、0.0117 mm and 0.0218mm, roundness errors are 0.0251 mm、0.0225mm、0.0228mm and 0.0244mm respectively. The minimum zone algorithm are suitable for distributed data of all kinds situation, particularly suitable for the realization of machine vision inspection system, fast speed for high precision, wide range of application.

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20

Liu, Zhen Tao, Jian Xin Yang, and Ben Zhao. "Study on Roundness Error Evaluation with Least-Squares Method Based on Nonlinear Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.755.

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Roundness error evaluation software is developed based on two-dimensional circle fitting with least-squares method based on nonlinear optimization with constraints. The local derivative-free optimization algorithms of NLopt can solve nonlinear constraint problems by combining with augmented Lagrangian algorithm. The fitting precision and convergence time of each algorithm are analyzed by calculating the fitting results with same test data to find its advantages and disadvantages. It is shown that each algorithm has different behaviors from others on performance and stability. This work provides a good basis for choosing the appropriate algorithm for roundness error evaluation.

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21

Lu, Hui Zong, Zhi Wei Wang, Qian Fa Deng, Bing Hai Lv, Fen Fen Zhou, and Ju Long Yuan. "A Study on Fast Geometric Form Measurement of High Precision Balls." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.669.

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A dual probe non-contact ball roundness measurement method is presented in this paper. With two probes aligned in opposite directions, the direct measurement of diameter variation can be obtained. The relationships between diameter variation and out of roundness of a precision ball are discussed. Attempts of error separation using multiple measurements are carried out and the eccentricity of ball and spindle axis is measured. Measurement results indicated that other than the spindle radial run out, which is synchronous in nature, there also exists high frequency non-synchronous variations. Such non-synchronous errors can be effectively eliminated with the dual probe arrangement for diameter variation measurement. The measurement results showed that such set up is capable of measuring high precision balls for diameter variation and out of roundness with uncertainty of less than 10nm. Single measurement can be completed in 10 seconds with over 10,000 data points. Faster measurement is possible with improved air bearing spindle. The method is suitable for online application of precision ball diameter variation and out of roundness measurement.

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22

Longlong, YUE, HUANG Qiangxian, MEI Jian, CHENG Rongjun, ZHANG Liansheng, and CHEN Lijuan. "Method for Roundness Error Evaluation Based on Minimum Zone Method." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 56, no. 4 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2020.04.042.

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23

Elerian, Fatma. "Filters Used for Roundness Error Evaluation: An Experimental Comparison Study." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 47, no. 5 (September 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2022.258989.

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24

Li, Xiuming, and Hongqi Liu. "A simple and efficient algorithm for evaluation of roundness error." Measurement Science and Technology 23, no. 8 (June 28, 2012): 087003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/23/8/087003.

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25

Zhang, Ke, Guo Cheng, and Wei Zhang. "Evaluation of roundness error uncertainty by a Bayesian dynamic model." Measurement 155 (April 2020): 107565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107565.

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26

Xiuming, Li, and Shi Zhaoyao. "Evaluation of roundness error from coordinate data using curvature technique." Measurement 43, no. 2 (February 2010): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2009.09.002.

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27

Zhao, Shi Zhen, and Xiu Ming Li. "Evaluation of Roundness Error Based on the Position of the Centers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.420.

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This paper presents a simple algorithm for determining the minimum circumscribed circle which can select the control points accurately and efficiently from the entire data set. The first candidate point is selected based on the least square center, and then the second and third candidate points are determined based on the position of the centers. The control points for the minimum circumscribed circle were determined with the three candidate points easily, Extensive examples have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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28

Liu, Changying, and Libin Wang. "Evaluation method of minimum area roundness error based on sector search." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1650 (October 2020): 032029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1650/3/032029.

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29

Luis-Pérez, Carmelo J., Irene Buj-Corral, and Xavier Sánchez-Casas. "Modeling of the Influence of Input AM Parameters on Dimensional Error and Form Errors in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology." Polymers 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 4152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234152.

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As is widely known, additive manufacturing (AM) allows very complex parts to be manufactured with porous structures at a relatively low cost and in relatively low manufacturing times. However, it is necessary to determine in a precise way the input values that allow better results to be obtained in terms of microgeometry, form errors, and dimensional error. In an earlier work, the influence of the process parameters on surface roughness obtained in fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes was analyzed. This present study focuses on form errors as well as on dimensional error of hemispherical cups, with a similar shape to that of the acetabular cup of hip prostheses. The specimens were 3D printed in polylactic acid (PLA). Process variables are nozzle diameter, temperature, layer height, print speed, and extrusion multiplier. Their influence on roundness, concentricity, and dimensional error is considered. To do this, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) models were used. It was observed that dimensional error, roundness, and concentricity depend mainly on the nozzle diameter and on layer height. Moreover, high nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm and high layer height of 0.3 mm are not recommended. A desirability function was employed along with the ANFIS models in order to determine the optimal manufacturing conditions. The main aim of the multi-objective optimization study was to minimize average surface roughness (Ra) and roundness, while dimensional error was kept within the interval Dimensional Error≤0.01. When the simultaneous optimization of both the internal and the external surface of the parts is performed, it is recommended that a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm be used, to have a temperature of 197 °C, a layer height of 0.1 mm, a print speed of 42 mm/s, and extrusion multiplier of 94.8%. This study will help to determine the influence of the process parameters on the quality of the manufactured parts.

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Płowucha, Wojciech, Władysław Jakubiec, and Paweł Rosner. "Evaluation of measurement uncertainty – Monte Carlo method." Mechanik 90, no. 12 (December 11, 2017): 1152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.12.195.

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Advantages of Monte Carlo method are presented and compared with A and B type method of measurement uncertainty evaluation. Problem of uncertainty determination, in case of two or more dominant components, is discussed. Results of experiment to evaluate impact of probing strategy on measurement uncertainty of roundness deviation are presented. Issue of ‘systematic error’ in evaluation of coordinate measurement uncertainty is analyzed.

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31

Zakharov, Оleg V., Albert V. Korolev, Andrew A. Korolev, and Andrew V. Kochetkov. "The Method of the Centerless Roundness Measuring with Corrective Adjustment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.556.

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A new method of the data measurement and processing for the centerless roundness measuring of components with the use of corrective adjustment is proposed. There are scientific explanations for mathematical simulation which includes numerical methods and harmonic analysis and also considers the change of the contact points of the product and prism faces during rotation. The methodical error and the evaluation of the centerless roundness measurements are determined according to the practical measurements and the model analysis.

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32

Abdullah, A. B., S. M. Sapuan, and Z. Samad. "Roundness error evaluation of cold embossed hole based on profile measurement technique." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 80, no. 1-4 (March 24, 2015): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6961-1.

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33

Lei, X. Q., W. M. Pan, X. P. Tu, and S. F. Wang. "Minimum Zone Evaluation for Roundness Error Based on Geometric Approximating Searching Algorithm." MAPAN 29, no. 2 (October 12, 2013): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-013-0078-5.

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34

Gu, Tingting, Xiaoming Qian, and Peihuang Lou. "Research on Roundness Error Evaluation of Connecting Rod Journal in Crankshaft Journal Synchronous Measurement." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2022): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042214.

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The crankshaft is the core part of an automobile engine, and the accuracy requirements of various shape and position errors are very high. On the basis of a synchronous measurement system, the connecting rod journal is deeply studied, including data processing and roundness evaluation. Firstly, according to the measuring processes of connecting rod journals, the real sampling angle distribution function was established, and the corresponding Gaussian weight function of each sampling angle was calculated. The weight function and the collected data corresponding to the angle were subjected to discrete cyclic convolution operation in the spatial domain to obtain the filtered effective circular contour data. Secondly, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was improved, and its inertia weight was set to decrease nonlinearly to speed up the convergence. A calculation process suitable for the evaluation of journal errors was designed. Then, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to evaluate the roundness of the corrected rod journal contour data. At last, through multiple measurement experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of the synchronous measurement scheme and data processing method proposed in this paper are verified.

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Li, Qiaolin, Yuki Shimizu, Toshiki Saito, Hiraku Matsukuma, and Wei Gao. "Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of a Stitching Linear-Scan Method for the Evaluation of Roundness of Small Cylinders." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144750.

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Influences of angular misalignments of a small cylinder on its roundness measurement by the method referred to as the stitching linear scan method are theoretically investigated. To compensate for the influences, a technique for measuring angular misalignments of a small cylinder by utilizing the linear-scan surface form stylus profilometer, which is employed for roundness measurement, is newly proposed. In addition, for roundness measurement, a holder unit capable of compensating for the angular misalignments of a small cylinder is developed, and the feasibility of the proposed technique is verified in experiments. Furthermore, a measurement uncertainty analysis of the stitching linear-scan method is carried out through numerical calculations based on a Monte Carlo method.

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Liu, Ping, and Hui Yi Miao. "Research on a Computerized Form and Position Error Measurement Instrument." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.151.

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A model machine of multifunctional form and position measurement instrument controlled by a personal computer has been successfully developed. The instrument is designed in rotary table type with a high precision air bearing and the radial rotation error of the rotary table is 0.08 μm. A high precision vertical sliding carriage supported by an air bearing is used to the instrument, the straight motion error of the carriage is 0.3 μm/200 mm and the parallelism error of the motion of the carriage relative to the rotation axis of the rotary table is 0.4 μm/200 mm. The mathematical models have been established for assessing planar and spatial straightness, flatness, roundness, cylindricity, and coaxality errors. By radial deviation measurement, the instrument can accurately measure form and position errors of such workpieces as shafts, round plates and sleeves of medium or small dimensions with the tolerance grades mostly used in industry.

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Liu, Dongliang, Peng Zheng, Manyi Cao, Haotian Yin, Yingjie Xu, and Linna Zhang. "A new method of roundness error evaluation based on twin support vector machines." Measurement Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (May 5, 2021): 075008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/abe5e5.

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LUO, Jun. "Research on Roundness Error Evaluation Based on the Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52, no. 15 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2016.16.027.

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YUE, Wuling. "Fast and accurate evaluation of the roundness error based on quasi-incremental algorithm." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 01 (2008): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2008.01.087.

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Hua, Xu Feng, Wang Sheng Huai, and Wang Jie. "A novel evaluation method of roundness error based on equilateral polygon search algorithm." International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 16, no. 3 (2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwmc.2019.099872.

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Feng Hua, Xu, Wang Jie, and Wang Sheng Huai. "A novel evaluation method of roundness error based on equilateral polygon search algorithm." International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 16, no. 3 (2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwmc.2019.10021288.

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42

Zhang, Wei, Zongwang Han, Yang Li, Hongyu Zheng, and Xiang Cheng. "A Method for Measurement of Workpiece form Deviations Based on Machine Vision." Machines 10, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10080718.

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Machine vision has been studied for measurements of workpiece form deviations due to its ease of automation. However, the measurement accuracy limits its wide implementation in industrial applications. In this study, a method based on machine vision for measurement of straightness, roundness, and cylindricity of a workpiece is presented. A subsumed line search algorithm and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm are proposed to evaluate the straightness and roundness deviations of the workpiece. Moreover, an image evaluation method of cylindricity deviation by the least-square fitting of the circle’s center coordinates is investigated. An image acquisition system incorporating image correction and sub-pixel edge positioning technology is developed. The performance of the developed system is evaluated against the measurement results of the standard cylindricity measuring instrument. The differences in the measurement of straightness, roundness, and cylindricity are −4.69 μm, 3.87 μm, and 8.51 μm, respectively. The proposed method would provide a viable industrial solution for the measurement of workpiece form deviations.

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Lei, Xian Qing, and Feng Qin Ding. "Evaluating Method of Roundness Error Based on the Maximum Inscribed Circle and Minimum Circumscribed Circle." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.847.

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Based on the geometric characteristics of maximum inscribed circle (MIC) and Minimum circumscribed circle (MCC), a novel method for roundness error evaluation using Geometric Approximation Searching Algorithm (GASA) has been presented in this paper. First, a square is allocated by taking the predetermined reference point as initial reference point, and the radius value of all the measured points are calculated by regarding each vertex of the square and the initial reference point as the ideal centres respectively. Second, the minimum and maximum radius are obtained when each vertex of the square and the initial reference point as the ideal centre point. Final, compare these radius and arrange the square repeatedly. Repeat the steps, the roundness error of the maximum inscribed circle can be obtained complies with ANSI and ISO standards. The experimental results show that this algorithm is effective and accurate.

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PT, Rhinithaa, Selvakumar P, Nikhil Sudhakaran, Vysyaraju Anirudh, Deepak Lawrence K, and Jose Mathew. "Comparative study of roundness evaluation algorithms for coordinate measurement and form data." Precision Engineering 51 (January 2018): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2017.10.001.

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Nouira, Hichem, and Pierre Bourdet. "Evaluation of roundness error using a new method based on a small displacement screw." Measurement Science and Technology 25, no. 4 (March 5, 2014): 044012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/4/044012.

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Du, Chang-long, Chen-xu Luo, Zheng-tong Han, and Yong-she Zhu. "Applying particle swarm optimization algorithm to roundness error evaluation based on minimum zone circle." Measurement 52 (June 2014): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.02.028.

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47

Fung, E. H. K., S. M. Yang, and F. M. Chan. "Roundness improvement in taper machining based on two-dimensional active error compensation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 215, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1695–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440540121501204.

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In this study, an on-line forecasting compensatory control (FCC) strategy is successfully employed to improve the workpiece accuracy in taper machining by compensating the relative two-dimensional motion errors between the workpiece and the cutting tool. The indirect measurement set-up is developed to determine the motion errors, in both radial and longitudinal directions, of the spindle which positions the workpiece via a master taper. Also, the straightness motion errors of the x-y slide are determined to give the actual tool positions. The reference datum in these measurements, i.e. the master form error and the slide profile, can be determined under on-machine conditions and highly accurate precalibrated references are not required. Based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) technique, the two-dimensional motion errors are modelled and their future values forecasted and compensated by means of a piezoelectric actuator. The adequate model order and parameters are found by performing off-line simulations. The effectiveness of the FCC strategy is also evaluated by comparing the roundness results with and without compensation. Experimental cutting with FCC reveals that a maximum improvement of 68 per cent and an average improvement of 41 per cent can be achieved for workpiece roundness in this taper machining process.

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Cui, Changcai, Bing Li, Fugui Huang, and Rencheng Zhang. "Genetic algorithm-based form error evaluation." Measurement Science and Technology 18, no. 7 (May 9, 2007): 1818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/18/7/004.

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Namboothiri, V. N. Narayanan, and M. S. Shunmugam. "Form error evaluation using L1-approximation." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 162, no. 1-4 (August 1998): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(97)00338-1.

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Li, Rui Hu, Shi Nuo, Yue Ding Yuan, and Yue Jin Yuan. "Experimental Research on Thermoplastic Forming of Spherical Vessel." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2157.

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It is a dieless forming technology to shape spherical vessels with thermoplastic forming. It involves heating a closed shell to the thermoplastic state, and then forming the spherical shape of a container by using gas to exert pressure. This paper researched thermoplastic forming of spherical vessels by attempting to form a soccer-ball shaped closed shell with a roundness error less than 0.15% using a heating temperature of 850°C and a pressure of 0.6MPa . The experiment showed that thermoplastic forming of spherical vessel is feasible.

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