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Journal articles on the topic 'Rotatory instability'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2024

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1

Sonar, Satish B., Hemant Parekh, and Rajendra Baitule. "POSTEROLATERAL ROTATORY, INSTABILITY, ELBOW." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 2, no. 33 (August 17, 2015): 4981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2015/695.

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2

Haslam, P. G., and D. R. Bickerstaff. "Postero-lateral rotatory instability." Current Orthopaedics 21, no. 6 (December 2007): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cuor.2007.07.008.

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3

Patiño, Juan Martín, Alejandro Rullan Corna, Alejandro Michelini, Ignacio Abdon, and Alejandro José Ramos Vertiz. "Elbow Posterolateral Rotatory Instability due to Cubitus Varus and Overuse." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2018 (August 5, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1491540.

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A malunion as a complication of distal humerus fractures has been frequently linked with aesthetic problems but less frequently with posterolateral rotatory instability. We report 2 cases of childhood posttraumatic cubitus varus with subsequent posterolateral rotatory instability and their treatment with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The etiology of the so-called posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow is mostly traumatic, but iatrogenic causes have also been described such as the treatment of tennis elbow and less frequently and chronically due to overuse and overload because of distal humerus malunion.

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4

SLOCUM, DONALD B., and ROBERT L. LARSON. "ROTATORY INSTABILITY OF THE KNEE." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 5 (May 2002): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200205000-00026.

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5

Swain, Randall A., and Franklin D. Wilson. "Diagnosing Posterolateral Rotatory Knee Instability." Physician and Sportsmedicine 21, no. 4 (April 1993): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1993.11710366.

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6

Matsumoto, H., and B. B. Seedhom. "Rotation of the Tibia in the Normal and Ligament-Deficient Knee. A study Using Biplanar Photography." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 207, no. 3 (September 1993): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_290_02.

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The difference between physiological tibial rotation and rotatory instability of the knee, particularly the ‘pivot shift’ phenomenon, was investigated by analysing knee movements under both rotatory and valgus torques using 29 fresh cadaveric knees. The knee movements were measured in three dimensions using biplanar photography, when all ligaments were intact, and then after the ligaments were sequentially sectioned. The axis of the physiological tibial rotation was shown to be located about the centre of the tibial plateaux, while that of the pivot shift is located about the medial collateral ligament (MCL). When the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was sectioned, little or no significant change in physiological tibial rotation was observed under rotary torques, while a significant rotatory instability, including the ‘pivot shift’ phenomenon, was observed under a valgus torque. It was thus concluded that the rotatory instability is not simply an increase in the magnitude of the physiological rotation of the tibia, but is an abnormal tibial rotation which occurs with a different mechanism.

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7

Mehta, Janak A., and Gregory I. Bain. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 12, no. 6 (November 2004): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200411000-00005.

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8

Norwood, Lyle A. "Treatment of Acute Anterolateral Rotatory Instability." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 16, no. 1 (January 1985): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-5898(20)30472-7.

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9

Andrews, James R., Richard A. Sanders, and Benoit Morin. "Surgical treatment of anterolateral rotatory instability." American Journal of Sports Medicine 13, no. 2 (March 1985): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354658501300206.

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10

Coughlin, L., J. Oliver, and G. Berretta. "Knee bracing and anterolateral rotatory instability." American Journal of Sports Medicine 15, no. 2 (March 1987): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354658701500211.

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11

Charalambous, C. P., and J. K. Stanley. "Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 90-B, no. 3 (March 2008): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.90b3.19868.

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12

Anakwenze, Oke A., Vamsi K. Kancherla, Jaicharan Iyengar, Christopher S. Ahmad, and William N. Levine. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." American Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546513494579.

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13

Gantsoudes, George D., and Bradford O. Parsons. "Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Current Opinion in Orthopaedics 18, no. 4 (July 2007): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0b013e328186440e.

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14

Smith, Julious P., Felix H. Savoie, and Larry D. Field. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." Clinics in Sports Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70246-5.

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15

Fedorka, Catherine J., and Luke S. Oh. "Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 9, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12178-016-9345-8.

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16

Guenther, Daniel, Chad Griffith, Bryson Lesniak, Nicola Lopomo, Alberto Grassi, Stefano Zaffagnini, Freddie H. Fu, and Volker Musahl. "Anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 23, no. 10 (May 5, 2015): 2909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3616-6.

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17

Conway, John E., and Steven B. Singleton. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 11, no. 1 (March 2003): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132585-200311010-00010.

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18

OʼDriscoll, S. W., D. F. Bell, and B. F. Morrey. "Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 73, no. 3 (March 1991): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199173030-00015.

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19

Amarasooriya, Melanie. "Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Sri Lankan Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 8, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tsljos.v8i1.4.

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Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow is the most common chronic instability pattern identified. It is the resultant ulno-humeral instability secondary to compromised lateral ligament complex. The characteristic injury is the avulsion of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) from its humeral attachment. Acute PLRI can present following simple or complex elbow dislocations. Chronic PLRI mostly follows trauma but also can be the result of iatrogenic injury.

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20

Sheean, Andrew J., Jayson Lian, Sean J. Meredith, Robert Tisherman, Andrew D. Lynch, Volker Musahl, and Bryson P. Lesniak. "Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis Does Not Affect Rotatory Knee Instability in Anatomic ACL Reconstruction." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (July 2019): 2325967119S0029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00295.

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Objectives: Single-bundle, anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may not fully restore rotatory knee stability, and the addition of a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has been proposed as means for reducing residual rotatory knee instability. However, the magnitude of the in vivo, time zero effects of these procedures on rotatory knee instability remain poorly defined. The pivot shift test is used to assess for rotatory knee instability; however, it is a subjective grading system with limited generalizability and ability to predict clinical outcomes. Consequently, a quantified pivot shift (QPS) test software application, PIVOT iPad, has been developed and validated to measure the magnitude of rotatory knee laxity. The objective of this study was use intraoperative QPS (iQPS) to assess for differences in residual rotatory knee instability after ACLR versus ACLR augmented with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (ACLR + LET.) Methods: During examination under anesthesia (EUA), QPS was performed on both the operative and non-operative knees prior to ACLR (Figure 1A) Three, yellow ¾ inch markers were attached to skin overlying bony landmarks: lateral epicondyle, Gerdy’s tubercle and 3 cm posterior to Gerdy’s tubercle. The PIVOT software application was used to measure lateral compartment translation (Figure 1B) ACLR were randomly augmented with a LET if the lateral compartment translation measured during QPS was greater than or equal to double the amount of lateral compartment translation measured for the unaffected knee. iQPS measurements were subsequently performed after either ACLR or ACLR + LET with sterile markers (Figure 1C) iQPS data were recorded and compared to both the preoperative QPS measurements of the affected and unaffected knees. Based upon normative QPS data established from a database of >150 previously performed ACLR at our institution, it was determined that 8 patients in each group would be required to achieve 80% power with an effect size of 1.2 mm and an alpha level of 0.05. Post-procedure iQPS data were compared to preoperative QPS measurements with paired samples t-tests. Results: iQPS measurements were performed in 20 ACLR (10 ACLR and 10 ACLR + LET). The mean age in the cohort was 17.3 years old (range: 17-24 years old.). Both ACLR and ACLR + LET resulted in significant decreases in rotatory knee instability when compared to preoperative QPS measurements (pre-ACLR: 4.7 ± 1.9 v. post-ACLR: 1.3 ± 0.70, P < 0.001; pre-ACLR +LET: 3.6 ± 1.8 v. post-ACLR + LET: 0.9 ± 0.5, P < 0.001.) When comparing isolated ACLR to ACLR + LET, no significant differences were observed in the magnitude of change in iQPS between the pre and post-intervention states (ACLR: - 3.5 ± 1.6 mm v. ACLR + LET: -1.5 ± 3.1 mm, P = N.S.) Furthermore, there were no significant differences in lateral compartment translation between the operative knees and non-operative knees (ACLR: -0.1 ± 0.9 mm v. ACLR + LET: -0.5 ± 1.0 mm, P = N.S.), suggesting that neither ACLR nor ACLR + LET led to over-constrained kinematics. Conclusion: In this randomized control study, both ACLR and ACLR + LET resulted in significant decreases in rotatory knee instability. However, there were no significant differences in time-zero, rotatory knee instability detected between isolated ACLR versus ACLR combined with LET in patients. The utility of combining a LET with ACLR remains unclear, and future research is necessary to refine the indications for LET in patients with high-grade rotatory knee instability.

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21

Tashiro, Yasutaka, Ken Okazaki, Hiromasa Miura, Shuichi Matsuda, Takefumi Yasunaga, Makoto Hashizume, Yoshitaka Nakanishi, and Yukihide Iwamoto. "Quantitative Assessment of Rotatory Instability after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 5 (March 4, 2009): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508330134.

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Background Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction successfully reduces anterior knee instability, but its effect on rotatory stability is not fully understood. In addition, a definitive method for the quantitative evaluation of rotatory instability remains to be established. Hypothesis Measurement of anterolateral tibial translation by open magnetic resonance imaging could positively correlate with the clinical grading of the pivot-shift test and would clarify residual rotatory abnormalities not shown by conventional methods for measurement of anterior stability. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods An anterior cruciate ligament—reconstructed group (n = 21) and an anterior cruciate ligament—deficient group (n = 20) were examined using a Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test in open magnetic resonance imaging. Anterior tibial translation was measured at the medial and lateral compartments by evaluating sagittal images. Clinical knee stability was evaluated before the above measurement using the pivot-shift test, KT-2000 arthrometer, and stress radiography. A cutoff value for anterolateral tibial translation relating to pivot-shift was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Side-to-side differences of anterolateral tibial translation correlated with clinical grade of the pivot-shift test and stress radiography but not with KT-2000 arthrometry in both groups. The cutoff value was established as 3.0 mm. Although the mean anterolateral translation showed no difference, 9 reconstructed knees revealed greater than 3 mm of anterolateral tibial translation, whereas only 3 uninjured knees did. Conclusion Measurement using an open magnetic resonance imaging successfully quantified the remaining rotatory instability in anterior cruciate ligament—reconstructed knees. Clinical Relevance This method is a useful means for quantifying anterior cruciate ligament function to stabilize tibial rotation.

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22

Hughston, J. C., and K. E. Jacobson. "Chronic posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 67, no. 3 (March 1985): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198567030-00001.

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23

Streubel, Philipp N., and Mark S. Cohen. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Posterolateral Rotatory Instability." Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 2017): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2017.08.013.

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24

Rhyou, In Hyeok. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow Joint." Archives of Hand and Microsurgery 23, no. 2 (2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/ahm.2018.23.2.69.

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25

Singleton, Steven B., and John E. Conway. "PLRI: posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Clinics in Sports Medicine 23, no. 4 (October 2004): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2004.06.010.

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26

Dhiman, Joginder S. "Suppression of instability in rotatory hydromagnetic convection." Proceedings Mathematical Sciences 110, no. 3 (August 2000): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02878688.

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27

Nielsen, Strange, J. Ovesen, O. Rasmussen, and K. Andersen. "Experimental rotatory instability of the knee joint." Journal of Biomechanics 18, no. 7 (January 1985): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(85)90769-9.

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28

LOOMER, RICHARD L. "A Test for Knee Posterolateral Rotatory Instability." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 264 (March 1991): 235???238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199103000-00028.

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29

McLean, James, Michael P. Kempston, Jeffrey M. Pike, Thomas J. Goetz, and Parham Daneshvar. "Varus Posteromedial Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 32, no. 12 (December 2018): e469-e474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000001313.

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30

Okazaki, Ken, Hiromasa Miura, Shuich Matsuda, Takefumi Yasunaga, Hideaki Nakashima, Kozo Konishi, Yukihide Iwamoto, and Makoto Hashizume. "Assessment of Anterolateral Rotatory Instability in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Deficient Knee Using an Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging System." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 7 (July 2007): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507299530.

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Background In the clinical evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee, anterolateral rotatory instability is assessed by manual tests such as the pivot-shift test, which is subjective and not quantitative. Hypothesis The anterolateral rotatory instability in an anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee can be quantified by our newly developed method using open magnetic resonance imaging. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eighteen subjects with anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knees and 18 with normal knees were recruited. We administered the Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test in the open magnetic resonance imaging scanner and scanned the sagittal view of the knee. The anterior displacements of the tibia at the medial and lateral compartments were measured. Furthermore, we examined 14 anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knees twice to assess intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility and evaluated the difference and interclass correlation coefficient of 2 measures. Results In the anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee, displacement was 14.4 ± 5.5 mm at the lateral compartment and 1.6 ± 2.3 mm at the medial compartment; in the normal knee, displacement was 0.7 ± 1.9 mm and —1.1 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. The difference and interclass correlation coefficient between 2 repeated measures at the lateral compartment were 1.0 ± 0.7 mm and .98 for intraobserver reproducibility and 1.1 ± 0.7 mm and .91 for interobserver reproducibility. Conclusion This method is useful to assess the anterolateral rotatory instability of the anterior cruciate ligament—deficient knee. Clinical Relevance This method can be used in the clinical assessment of anterior cruciate ligament stability, such as comparing studies of graft positions or 2-bundle anatomic reconstruction and the conventional 1-bundle technique.

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31

Gilotra, Mohit N., Jake Fridman, Blessing Enobun, Andrew F. Kuntz, David L. Glaser, and G. Russell Huffman. "Risk factors associated with atraumatic posterolateral rotatory instability." JSES International 5, no. 4 (July 2021): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseint.2021.02.008.

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32

Azam, Md Quamar, AA Iraqi, Anjum Syed, and M. Abbas. "Posterolateral rotatory instability of elbow: An uncommon entity." Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 42, no. 3 (2008): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.41862.

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33

Stein, Jason A., and Anand M. Murthi. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow: Our Approach." Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics 19, no. 4 (October 2009): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.oto.2009.09.014.

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34

Cohen, M. S., and H. Hastings. "Rotatory instability of the elbow: The lateral stabilizers." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 4 (January 1995): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(95)80049-2.

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35

Nielsen, S., J. Ovesen, and O. Rasmussen. "The posterior cruciate ligament and rotatory knee instability." Archives of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery 104, no. 1 (June 1985): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00449958.

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36

Tokunaga, Susumu, and Yoshihiro Abe. "Novel Suture Anchor Technique with Continuous Locking Stitch for Collateral Ligament Repair." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 21, no. 02 (May 3, 2016): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835516710028.

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Collateral ligaments are difficult to repair due to large amount of fraying in detached ligaments and attenuated stumps that may not provide enough strength after the repair. Although strong locking sutures are used to repair the ligament with proper tension, these damages can cause pull-out failure or relaxation of the repaired ligaments even from undersized load that may extend postoperative splinting or casting time. Furthermore, current suture techniques can repair varus or valgus instability of the elbow and radial or ulnar instability of the fingers, but these techniques do not offer rotatory stability of these areas. We have developed a novel suture anchor technique that has overcome this problem of current suture techniques, and this can be used to correct rotatory instability in the elbow and fingers. We used this procedure in seven cases with injury of collateral ligament in the elbow and eight cases with detached collateral ligaments of finger joint. No patient experienced rerupture or any kind of residual instability. We believe that the proposed method can produce much stronger repair and may shorten the postoperative immobilization period.

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37

Cline, Joseph T., Eduard Alentorn-Geli, J. H. James Choi, Joseph J. Stuart, Terry Kruger, and Claude T. Moorman III. "Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction Alone Using a Fibular-Based Technique in a Patient with Persistent Unstable Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/262187.

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Posterolateral rotatory instability is a relatively uncommon cause of unstable total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In most cases, surgical treatment requires revision TKA into a more constrained design or thicker polyethylene liner. We present a case of a patient with unstable TKA who remained unstable after increasing thickness of the polyethylene liner and undergoing more constrained TKA. After several revision surgeries, the patient was still unstable. Posterolateral corner reconstruction with a fibular-based technique using a tibialis anterior allograft was performed. At 1-year follow-up, the patient was stable and asymptomatic and with excellent function. A soft-tissue procedure only (fibular-based posterolateral corner reconstruction) can be effective at restoring posterolateral rotatory stability in a patient with persistent instability after revision TKA.

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38

Cerezal, Alvaro, Ronald Ocampo, Eva Llopis, and Luis Cerezal. "Ankle Instability Update." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 27, no. 03 (May 25, 2023): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1767767.

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AbstractSprains are the most frequent injuries of the ankle, especially in sports. Up to 85% of cases affect the lateral ligament complex. Multi-ligament injuries with associated lesions of the external complex, deltoid, syndesmosis, and sinus tarsi ligaments are also common. Most ankle sprains respond to conservative treatment. However, up to 20 to 30% of patients can develop chronic ankle pain and instability.New concepts have been recently developed, based on arthroscopic advances, such as microinstability and rotatory ankle instability. These entities could be precursors of mechanical ankle instability and at the origin of frequently associated ankle injuries, such as peroneus tendon lesions, impingement syndromes, or osteochondral lesions.Imaging methods, especially magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography, are key in precisely diagnosing ligament lesions and associated injuries, facilitating an adequate therapeutic approach.

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39

Slavin, Justin, Marcello DiStasio, Paul F. Dellaripa, and Michael Groff. "Odontoid cervical gout causing atlantoaxial instability: case report." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 30, no. 4 (April 2019): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.9.spine18122.

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The authors present a case report of a patient discovered to have a rotatory subluxation of the C1–2 joint and a large retroodontoid pannus with an enhancing lesion in the odontoid process eventually proving to be caused by gout. This patient represented a diagnostic conundrum as she had known prior diagnoses of not only gout but also sarcoidosis and possible rheumatoid arthritis, and was in the demographic range where concern for an oncological process cannot fully be ruled out. Because she presented with signs and symptoms of atlantoaxial instability, she required posterior stabilization to reduce the rotatory subluxation and to stabilize the C1–2 instability. However, despite the presence of a large retroodontoid pannus, she had no evidence of spinal cord compression on physical examination or imaging and did not require an anterior procedure to decompress the pannus. To confirm the diagnosis but avoid additional procedures and morbidity, the authors proceeded with the fusion as well as a posterior biopsy to the retroodontoid pannus and confirmed a diagnosis of gout.

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40

Kim, Jin Goo, Hyung Tae Moon, In Hwan Hwang, Jung Hun Kim, and Jae Kuk Song. "Arthroscopic Evaluation of Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Knee." Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 38, no. 1 (2003): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2003.38.1.29.

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41

Uehara, Hirofumi, Minoru Kijima, Yokichi Takeda, Tsunemitu Shimizu, Yukari Nishi, Shunji Matsunaga, Hiroyuki Kozakura, and Hiroto Ohira. "Anteromedial rotatory instability in the anterior cruciate ligament rupture." Orthopedics & Traumatology 37, no. 3 (1989): 975–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.37.975.

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42

Chen, Frank S., Andrew S. Rokito, and Mark I. Pitman. "Acute and Chronic Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Knee." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 8, no. 2 (March 2000): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200003000-00004.

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43

Kim, Sung-Jae, Duck-Hyun Choi, and Byoung-Yoon Hwang. "The Influence of Posterolateral Rotatory Instability on ACL Reconstruction." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 94, no. 3 (February 2012): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.j.01686.

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44

van Riet , Roger. "EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC POSTEROLATERAL ROTATORY INSTABILITY (PLRI)." Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion - IRONS, no. 23 (June 30, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19271/irons-00065-2018-23.

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45

Yawatari, Kenich, Hideki Asato, Junshin Nagamine, Chojo Futenma, and Fuminori Kanaya. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability in Cubitus Varus: A Case Report." Orthopedics & Traumatology 53, no. 2 (2004): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.53.371.

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46

Yawatari, Kenichi, Hikaru Tashima, Makoto Tamai, Takayuki Iwanaga, Futoshi Kuga, and Masanori Kawano. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability in Cubitus Varus: A Case Report." Orthopedics & Traumatology 54, no. 2 (2005): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.54.348.

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47

Dunning, Cynthia E., Zane D. S. Zarzour, Stuart D. Patterson, James A. Johnson, and Graham J. W. King. "Ligamentous Stabilizers Against Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 83, no. 12 (December 2001): 1823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200112000-00009.

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48

Savoie, Felix H., Larry D. Field, and J. Randall Ramsey. "Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow: Diagnosis and Management." Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine 14, no. 2 (April 2006): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2006.03.001.

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49

Lee, Brian P. H., and Lynn H. Y. Teo. "Surgical reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 12, no. 5 (September 2003): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(03)00091-0.

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Anakwenze, Oke A., Dennis Kwon, Evan O'Donnell, William N. Levine, and Christopher S. Ahmad. "Surgical Treatment of Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 30, no. 7 (July 2014): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.02.029.

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