Journal articles: 'Rot'

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Kačergius, A., and D. Radaitienė. "Greenhouse test for the resistance to root and stem rot of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10547-pps.

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Root and stem rot caused by soil-borne agent Fusarium avenaceum is a major disease of wild Hypericum perforatum accessions in the field collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) of the Institute of Botany in Lithuania. These wild accessions of H. perforatum are growing as an initial material for breeding. In 1998–2001 the monitoring of epidemiological situation of field collection of H. perforatum showed differences among accessions considering the resistance to root rot. High intensity of root rot was observed in the third–fourth years of cultivation. The most damaged plants (> 50%) were among the accessions 219, 379, 381, and cv. Zolotodolinskaja. Fungi of the Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Verticillium genera were associated with H. perforatum roots together with the rot agent Fusarium avenaceum. Seven accessions from Lithuania and cv. Zolotodolinskaja of H. perforatum were tested for the resistance to root rot under greenhouse conditions. Two accessions (219, 381) were highly susceptible to the disease, another two (218, 383) were less susceptible, others were free of the symptoms of root rot. Accessions and single plants, survived after artificial infection, have been selected for further investigations.

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Hashem, M., and A. M. Hamada. "Induction of resistance to root rot disease of wheat grown under field condition." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 7 (December 21, 2011): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4372-pse.

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Four compounds namely Fenor (F-760), Strom, salicylic acid (SA) and thiamin (B1) were tested against root rot disease of wheat under field condition. Wheat grains were soaked in these compounds for 6 h before sowing. Mean disease rating, disease appearance, and distribution of disease were estimated as parameters of disease severity. All tested compounds significantly reduced the root rot of wheat severity during seedling, flowering and ripening stages. Fresh and dry weights were also affected by application of these compounds. Water maintenance capacity in all stages was increased as a result of seed treatments by the above-mentioned compounds. Crop yield and parameters of spikes and grains were significantly improved. These results were discussed and analyzed statistically using LSD test.

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Mareš, R. "The extent of root rot damage in Norway spruce stands established on fertile sites of former agricultural land." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 1 (January 28, 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/36/2009-jfs.

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The aim of this study was to compare the degree of root rot damage in two large complexes of Norway spruce stands established on former agricultural land at fertile sites. The root rot infection was observed on the stump cutting area on both intended and salvage clear fellings. Stands in Kružberk area in the Nízký Jeseník Mts. established on arable land showed very poor stability and large root rot damage at the age of 40–50 years. In contrast, stands in Lužná area in the Javorníky Mts., founded on former sheep pastures, were markedly much less damaged at the age of 90–110 years and proved to be able to provide quality timber, although they were damaged by the root rot as well.

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Hartbrich, Iestyn. "Rot in Rot." VDI nachrichten 75, no. 14 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0042-1758-2021-14-17.

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Šrobárová, A., and Š. Eged. "Trichoderma and sulphoethyl glucan reduce maize root rot infestation and fusaric acid content." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No, 7 (November 19, 2011): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3593-pse.

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Roots of maize seedlings (cv. Pavla) infested by Fusarium verticillioides (105/ml) were cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium (MSM, Sigma, USA) containing CaCl2,IAA and kinetin. Simultaneously, a strain of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma sp. and a sulphoethyl glucan (SEG) isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were added. Two evaluations (on 7 and 14 days) were done. Productivity parameters of leaves and roots (fwt, dwt, and length), disease severity index (DSI) and fusaric acid (FA) concentration were evaluated. Both Trichoderma sp. and SEG increased productivity parameters of plants in infested variants and maintained it on the level of control plants during 14 days of experiment. Trichoderma reduced the DSI, while SEG increased it. DSI correlated with FA concentration. After seven days of cultivation concentration of FA was lower in all infected variants cultivated concomitantly with agents, compared with the one without them. After 14 days of cultivation both agents reduced the concentration of FA up to 50% to the non-measurable concentration in variant with Trichoderma. In variant with positive control, where FA was added to SEG, its concentration decreased up to 30%.

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El-Kazzaz, M. K., M. M. Badr, H. M. El-Zahaby, and M. I. Gouda. "Biological control of seedling damping-off and root rot of sugar beet plants." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10580-pps.

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Some fungal and bacterial bioagents as well as an Actinomycete isolate were screened for their antagonistic effects against S. rolfsii, R. solani, M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solani in vitro. Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, T. pseudokningii, certain isolates of Bacillus subtilis and one isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens were the most effective bioagents in suppressing the radial growth of the four pathogens, in general. Yet, they were less effective in retarding growth of Fusarium spp. as compared with the other pathogens under study. Studying biological control showed the possibility of controlling sugar beet damping-off and root rot by certain bioagents as T. hamatum, T. hazianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and B. subtilis under greenhouse (S. rolfsii-infested soil) and field (natural infection) conditions. These treatments also caused and increase root yield per plot.

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Molineri, A. I., M. L. Signorini, A. L. Cuatrin, V. R. Canavesio, V. E. Neder, N. B. Russi, J. C. Bonazza, and L. F. Calvinho. "Calidad Bacteriológica y Relación entre Grupos Bacterianos en Leche de Tanque de Frío." FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias 8, no. 2 (February 10, 2009): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/favecv.v8i2.1490.

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El objetivo fue caracterizar la calidad bacteriológica de la leche de tanque producida en 27establecimientos lecheros ubicados en diferentes cuencas lecheras de Argentina y determinar lacorrelación entre los grupos bacterianos analizados. Se tomaron muestras de leche de tanque a lascuales se les realizó el recuento de mesófilos totales (RMT), coliformes (RCT), termodúricos (ROT),psicrotrofos totales, proteolíticos y lipolíticos, detección de Salmonella spp. y Escherichia coli. Lacorrelación entre el recuento de los microorganismos asociados con fuentes de contaminación fuebaja. Una alta proporción de las muestras presentaron RMT (64,4%), RCT (30,3%) y ROT (49,4%)que excedieron los valores para una leche de buena calidad microbiológica. El 1,1% superó losvalores de RMT fijados en la actualidad por el CAA. No se aisló Salmonella spp., aunque la mitadde las muestras fueron positivas para E. coli. Dada la diversidad bacteriana contaminante presenteen la leche almacenada en tanques de frío, deben examinarse varios grupos bacterianos en conjuntopara realizar un diagnóstico y determinar las fuentes potenciales de contaminación y de esta formarealizar las acciones para remediar las desviaciones.

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Huber, Daphne. "Rot-Rot plant Klimaschutzgesetz." agrarzeitung 76, no. 42 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/1869-9707-2021-42-004-5.

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Al-Ani, R. A., M. A. Adhab, M. H. Mahdi, and H. M. Abood. "Rhizobium japonicum as a biocontrol agent of soybean root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina." Plant Protection Science 48, No. 4 (November 6, 2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2012-pps.

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The activity of Rhizobium japonicum against the soil-borne pathogens Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina as causative agents of soybean root rot disease in both culture medium and soil was evaluated. Rhizobial culture filtrate caused an inhibition of the fungal radial growth of Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina on potato dextrose agar medium amended with the filtrate compared with control. The addition of rhizobial culture suspension to the soil contaminated by the two pathogens, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina and their interaction, in pots, improved seed germination percentages and reduced the root rot disease index significantly. The sowing of rhizobial coated seeds in soil contaminated by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina separately and in combination, in the field, increased seed germination significantly and induced a high reduction in disease severity for the same previous combination under field conditions. These results indicate that rhizobia could be an important element in root rot disease management.

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Molinari, Sergio, Nicola Greco, and Miloslav Zouhar. "Superoxide dismutase isoelectric focusing patterns as a tool to differentiate pathotypes of Globodera spp." Nematology 12, no. 5 (2010): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x12628646275961.

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Abstract Isoelectric focusing was used to separate proteins from cyst extracts of potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations. In a first set of assays, cyst extracts from standard populations of Globodera rostochiensis pathotypes Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro2/3, Ro4, and Ro5, and G. pallida pathotypes Pa2 and Pa3, were loaded on isoelectric focusing gels. Gels were stained for superoxide dismutase (SOD), esterase, and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). Twelve bands of SOD activity were detected, six (B1-B6) migrating towards the basic zone and the other six (A1-A6) migrating towards the acidic zone, starting from the loading point. A cluster analysis was carried out based on a data matrix that reported the presence or absence of SOD bands on the isozyme electrophoresis patterns (IEPs). Globodera spp. were clearly distinguished and, within G. rostochiensis, Ro2 and Ro4 shared a high level of similarity, respectively, with Ro3 and Ro5; moreover, Ro1 could be clearly distinguished from Ro2/3 and Ro4/5. Globodera pallida Pa2 and Pa3 also shared a high level of similarity. In contrast, esterase and GPI IEPs did not discriminate among G. rostochiensis standard pathotypes. Subsequently, 14 field populations of G. rostochiensis, five from Italy and nine from Venezuela, and three field populations of G. pallida, two from Italy and one from Chile, were assayed to obtain SOD IEPs. Italian populations had previously been identified at pathotype level by bioassays according to the generally accepted international test using different resistant potato cultivars and clones. The cluster analysis carried out on the SOD IEPs of all the populations tested formed four distinct groups within G. rostochiensis and only one within G. pallida. Pathotype identification of Globodera populations by SOD IEPs was not able to discriminate between bioassay standard couples Ro2/Ro3, Ro4/Ro5 and Pa2/Pa3. Therefore, three groups were assigned to Ro1, Ro2/3 and Ro4/5, and a fourth group to Pa2/Pa3. Four Venezuelan populations, not identified at pathotype level by bioassays, formed a distinct fifth group. By means of the method described herein, four additional unknown Venezuelan populations could be assigned to Ro1 group and one to Ro2/Ro3 group; one G. pallida population from Chile was assigned to Pa2/Pa3 group.

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11

Stroeken, Sophie. "Rot tandvlees, rot voor baby." Standby 19, no. 1 (February 2005): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03079327.

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Williams, Joy. "Rot." Grand Street 6, no. 4 (1987): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007009.

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13

Wolf, Gregory H., and Uwe Timm. "Rot." World Literature Today 76, no. 2 (2002): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157415.

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Lorimer, Jamie. "Rot." Environmental Humanities 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-3664333.

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Mohammed, Nema A., Heba M. Abdou, Mona A. Tass, Manal Alfwuaires, Ashraf M. Abdel-Moneim, and Amina E. Essawy. "Oral Supplements of Ginkgo biloba Extract Alleviate Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Impairments and Neurotoxicity in Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonian Rats." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 12 (October 22, 2020): 1259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200320135849.

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Background: Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is known to contain several bioactive compounds and exhibits free radical scavenging activity. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and is associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of GbE in a rat model of PD induced by rotenone (ROT; a neurotoxin). Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each: normal control, GbE treated, toxin control (ROT treated) and GbE+ROT group. Results:: Oral administration of ROT (2.5 mg/kg b.w.) for 50 days caused an increased generation of lipid peroxidation products and significant depletion of reduced glutathione, total thiol content and activities of enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the brains of treated rats. Furthermore, ROT caused an elevation in acetylcholinesterase, interleukin-1β, interleukin- 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α and a significant reduction in dopamine in the stratum and substantia nigra. Immunohistochemical results illustrated that ROT treatment reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). GbE treatment (150 mg/kg b.w./day) significantly reduced the elevated oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines and restored the reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, DA level and TH expression. These results were confirmed by histological observations that clearly indicated a neuroprotective effect of GbE against ROT-induced PD. Conclusion: GbE mitigated ROT-induced PD via the inhibition of free-radical production, scavenging of ROS, and antioxidant enhancement.

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Król, Karol, and Dariusz Zdonek. "Peculiarity of the bit rot and link rot phenomena." Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 69, no. 1/2 (October 18, 2019): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-06-2019-0067.

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Purpose Almost two decades after diagnosing the link rot phenomenon, and in spite of the universal character of the bit rot phenomenon, the need for reminding about these is still valid. This is because it appears that digital device users have become accustomed to them. The bit rot and link rot phenomena describe the inability to access specific contents or the inability to use specific digital resources. This paper aims to answer the question as to whether it is possible to eliminate the link rot and bit rot phenomena from the internet space. Design/methodology/approach The link rot and bit rot phenomena were characterised based on a review of various source materials, including the academic literature and internet materials. Findings The phenomena known as bit rot and link rot have already been well researched and described. Research has revealed the reasons for their occurrence, and also offered recommendations on how to minimise their occurrence. In the current digital ecosystem, however, it is not possible to completely eliminate the link rot and bit rot phenomena. Research limitations/implications One can forecast that the link rot phenomenon will intensify and the internet resources will be even more unstable, because more and more new, highest-level domains which are purchased are emerging. Originality/value The study compares the phenomena of bit rot and link rot, even though they are usually considered separately. Moreover, it presents the terms of “digital bumps”, which cause “digital tsunami”.

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Lazreg, F., L. Belabid, J. Sánchez, and E. Gallego. "Root rot and damping-off of Aleppo pine seedlings caused by Pythium spp. in Algerian forest nurseries." Journal of Forest Science 62, No. 7 (July 29, 2016): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/66/2014-jfs.

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Hadjira, Sabrina, Amira Mansour, Ramdane Seghiri, Ahmed Menad, Fadila Benayache, Samir Benayache, and Souad Ameddah. "Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Deficit in Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats and the Possible Effects of Butanolic Extract of Centaurea africana." Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 15, no. 1 (April 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2772270816666220105124730.

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Background: Many studies have used rotenone (ROT) to create an experimental animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) because of its ability to induce similar behavioral and motor deficits. PD is the most common age-related motoric neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation and apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Objective: This study investigated the effect of butanolic (n-BuOH) extract of Centaurea africana (200 mg/kg, 16 days) on a ROT-induced neurotoxicity model in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: Estimation of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels along with the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in brains was carried out in order to evaluate neuro-inflammation. Oxidative stress, Caspase 3 activity (apoptosis), and behavioral alterations were also evaluated. Results: In behavior assessment, using Ludolph Movement Analysis Scale, all ROT treated animals showed a decreased locomotor activity. The mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ROT was expressed by a decreased activity of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased lipid peroxidation and caspase 3. Co-treatment with the n-BuOH extract significantly restored the activity of complex I (65.41 %) compared to treatment with ROT alone. The n-BuOH extract also reduced the neuroinflammation in rat brains by reducing MPO activity (75.12 %), NO levels (77.43 %), and TNF-α (71.48 %) compared to the group treated with ROT. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that C. africana n-BuOH extract exhibited a protective effect in rats.

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Sigrist, Marie-Hélène Prince, and Daniel Job. "Études mycologique, entomologique et physico-chimique de troncs de Betula pendula en voie de dégradation. I. Répartition spatiale de l'état physico-chimique et de la mycoflore des troncs." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-201.

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Decaying Betula pendula Roth trunks (measuring about 6 m in length) with brown rot or white rot were analyzed for the followings: stage of decay, wood structure, porosity, chemical composition of decayed wood, spatial distribution of fungal biomass, and mycoflora diversity. The fungal biomass in the trunks, although heterogeneous, is higher in white rot than in brown rot. As expected, the lignin/holocellulose ratio is higher in brown rot than in white rot (maximum 14.83 versus 0.67). Brown rot is generally more porous than white rot and presents a higher water absorption capacity but it retains less air. The results show that the basidiomycetes mycoflora is active in the white rot decay process. However it is not involved in the brown rot decay process because the wood is already much decayed (as much as 80% and more of lignin content). With the exception of moulds, the only mycoflora that could be isolated repetitively from the brown rot station was in fact pockets of white rot. Moreover, in brown rot, none of the epiflora matched the isolated endoflora. Keywords: white rot, brown rot, mycoflora, biomass.

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Şahimerdan, Türkölmez, and Derviş Sibel. "Activity of metalaxyl-M+mancozeb, fosetyl-Al, and phosphorous acid against Phytophthora crown and root rot of apricot and cherry caused by Phytophthora palmivora." Plant Protection Science 53, No. 4 (August 30, 2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2016-pps.

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Crown and root rot, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, has become a destructive disease of apricot and cherry in eastern Turkey. There are no currently registered fungicides labeled for its control. In greenhouse experiments conducted in 2012 and 2013, 1-year-old potted apricot rootstock Zerdali and cherry rootstock Mahaleb plants were treated either with foliar spray of fosetyl-Al (140, 160, and 180 g a.i./100 l) or phosphorous acid (187.5, 200, and 215 g a.i./100 l) or soil drench of 100 ml of metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam)+mancozeb (12+192, 16+256, and 20+320 g a.i./100 l) one day after wound inoculation of crowns and roots. In both years, phosphorous acid at 200 and 215 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 160 and 180 g a.i./100 l, and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Zerdali by 70.68–80.00% and crown rot severity on both Zerdali and Mahaleb, by 68.32–91.96 and 74.21–82.60%, respectively, compared with phosphorous acid at 187.5 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 140 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l and control. Moreover, fosetyl-Al at 180 g a.i./100 l and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Mahaleb compared to fosetyl-Al at 140 and 160 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l, phosphorous acid treatments and control in 2012, providing the best control of the disease by 88.00–90.68%. Two/three phosphorous acid foliar applications at 200 g a.i./100 l suppressed symptom development when field applications were made on a curative basis in 2014 and 2015.

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Butler, Jack. "Noble Rot." Chicago Review 39, no. 1 (1993): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305658.

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Marston, Adrian. "Gut rot." Lancet 353, no. 9167 (May 1999): 1875–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11456-3.

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Hayes, Brian. "Bit Rot." American Scientist 86, no. 5 (1998): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/1998.5.410.

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d'Heurle, Adma, and Sara Lidman. "Lifsens rot." World Literature Today 71, no. 3 (1997): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152938.

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Cantor, Norman F. "Deconstructionist rot." Academic Questions 11, no. 2 (June 1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-998-1003-1.

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Brügel, Silke. "Alarmstufe Rot?" CITplus 26, no. 1-2 (February 2023): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/citp.202300122.

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Tan, C. S., and J. C. Tu. "Tillage effect on root rot severity, growth and yield of beans." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-031.

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The effect of soil tillage on plant growth, yield and root rot severity of beans was investigated in field plots with and without root rot infestation in 1992 and 1993. There was a significant reduction in root rot severity, and an increase in plant dry weight and yield in the root-rot-infested soils with deep tillage in both years. Deep tillage also significantly increased plant dry weight and yield in the non-root-rot soils in a dry year. The resistant cultivar (A300) had significantly less root rot damage than the susceptible cultivar (Harowood) in both root rot and non-root rot infested soils. Significant differences in plant dry weight and yield in relation to cultivars were not detected. Therefore, deep tillage can reduce soil compaction and increase yield of beans and reduce root rot severity. Key words:Phaseolus vulgaris L., deep tillage, fusarium root rot, rhizoctonia root rot, yield

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Алексеенко, С. А., А. С. Колтунов, Е. А. Агеева, and А. Ю. Сергеева. "Комплексная оценка эффективности ремаксола у больных стеатогепатитом с гипераммониемией." Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология 83, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/0869-2092-2020-83-5-24-28.

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Изучена эффективность ремаксола у пациентов со стеатогепатитом различного генеза и гипераммониемией. Проанализированы результаты лечения 30 пациентов, получавших ремаксол внутривенно капельно со скоростью 40 – 60 кап/мин 400 мл 1 раз в сутки, курс 10 дней. Оценивали динамику (до начала лечения, через 5, 11 и 30 дней) общего самочувствия, когнитивных функций («Тест связи чисел»), уровня билирубина, трансаминаз, гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы и аммиака крови. Применение ремаксола сопровождалось улучшением клинико-лабораторных данных: уменьшалась выраженность астении и когнитивных нарушений по тесту связи чисел в 1,2 раза к 11 дню наблюдения до (50,77 ± 13,93) баллов. Выявлено улучшение функциональных печеночных показателей: снижение к 11 дню наблюдения средних значений уровня трансаминаз в 2,5 раза, гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы — в 1,9 раза, общего билирубина — в 1,7 раза, аммиака — в 1,8 раза, которое сохранялось до 30 дней от начала терапии (p ≤ 0,05). Корреляционный анализ выявил статистически значимую прямую корреляцию между уровнем аммиака, аспартатаминотрансферазы, общего билирубина, щелочной фосфатазы в крови и показателями теста связи чисел до начала терапии (ro1 = 0,64; ro2 = 0,39; ro3 = 0,72; ro4 = 0,49 при p < 0,05). При этом общее самочувствие пациентов нах дилось в статистически значимой обратной зависимости от показателей теста, уровней аммиака, аспартатаминотрасферазы, щелочной фосфатазы, гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы и общего билирубина в крови (ro1 = – 0,56; ro2 = – 0,46; ro3 = – 0,58; ro4 = – 0,56; ro5 = – 0,6; ro6 = – 0,38 при p < 0,05). Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности ремаксола у пациентов со стеатогепатитом различной этиологии с гипер-аммониемией, что, наряду с хорошей переносимостью препарата, позволяет рекомендовать его включение в схемы лечения.

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Li, Dongmei, and Ambrose Cheung. "Repression of hla by rot Is Dependent on sae in Staphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 3 (January 3, 2008): 1068–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01069-07.

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ABSTRACT The regulatory locus sae is a two-component system in Staphylococcus aureus that regulates many important virulence factors, including alpha-toxin (encoded by hla) at the transcriptional level. The SarA homologs Rot and SarT were previously shown to be repressors of hla in selected S. aureus backgrounds. To delineate the interaction of rot and sae and the contribution of sarT to hla expression, an assortment of rot and sae isogenic single mutants, a rot sae double mutant, and a rot sae sarT markerless triple mutant were constructed from wild-type strain COL. Using Northern blot analysis and transcriptional reporter gene green fluorescent protein, fusion, and phenotypic assays, we found that the repression of hla by rot is dependent on sae. A rot sae sarT triple mutant was not able to rescue the hla defect of the rot sae double mutant. Among the three sae promoters, the distal sae P3 promoter is the strongest in vitro. Interestingly, the sae P3 promoter activities correlate with hla expression in rot, rot sae, and rot sae sarT mutants of COL. Transcriptional study has also shown that rot repressed sae, especially at the sae P3 promoter. Collectively, our data implicated the importance of sae in the rot-mediated repression of hla in S. aureus.

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Kabir, M. Shahjahan, Bethan E. Parry, Joy L. Tyson, Michael A. Manning, and Robert M. Beresford. "Weather and inoculum factors associated with kiwifruit bud rot." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (July 30, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.206.

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa) causes kiwifruit bacterial canker and also bud rot, which destroys developing flower buds and can become a severe problem, particularly in green-fleshed cultivars. The effects of weather and inoculum factors on bud-rot development were investigated. Experiments were conducted on two green kiwifruit cultivars: Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis var. chinensis Ã— A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Zesh004’ (known as Green14), at four sites for two consecutive years. Temperature and rainfall were recorded from bud burst to flowering and bud-rot incidence was monitored from approximately two weeks after flower bud appearance until flowering. Correlations between weather parameters and final bud-rot incidence, and between initial bud-rot and final bud-rot incidence were investigated. There was no significant association between temperature and final bud-rot incidence, but total rainfall and number of days of rain were positively correlated with final bud-rot incidence. Initial bud-rot incidence showed the strongest correlation with final bud-rot incidence and appeared to be the main factor that contributed to bud-rot.

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Elewa, May M., and Rasha El-Haddad. "The Effect of Audit Quality on Firm Performance: A Panel Data Approach." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i1.14163.

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This study attempts to examine the effect of audit quality on firm performance. It uses financial statements of non-financial firms listed as EGX 100. The population studied consists of thirty non-financial firms. The study covers a five year period 2010-2014. It applies panel data analysis. Independent Variables are Auditor Experience (measured by Big-4) and Auditor Independence (measured by auditor Rotation ROT). Dependent Variables are Return on Assets ROA and Return on Equity ROE. In accordance with the Random Effect Model results, BIG 4 and ROT have an insignificant impact on the ROA and ROE of the firm. External and internal financial statement users may benefit from the study only when dealing with high-profit firms.

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Osei, Richard, Chengde Yang, Lingxiao Cui, Lijuan Wei, Mengjun Jin, and Xingying Wei. "Antagonistic bioagent mechanisms of controlling potato soft rot." Plant Protection Science 58, No. 1 (December 17, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/166/2020-pps.

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Bacterial antagonists are effective as an alternative to synthetic bactericides in the control of potato soft rot. The use of bioagents reduces the application of synthetic bactericides, which are harmful to humans and the environment. However, the mechanisms of some bioagents, such as some fungi and bacteria, are not yet understood. This paper reviews the current situation of potato soft rot, biological controls, antagonistic bioagents and their mechanisms, application strategies and future directions in today’s agriculture. These mechanisms include mycoparasitism, competition, rhizosphere colonisation, synthesis and release of metabolites. Bioagents increased the defensive system of plants by increasing the antioxidants genes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and eventually increased the plant growth and yield production.

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Z. A. Badri, Z. A. Badri, Nazir A. Bhat, and F. A. Raina F.A. Raina. "Status of Root Rot Disease (Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) of Beans at Gurez in Jammu and Kashmir." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/june2014/85.

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Anagnost, Susan E. "Light Microscopic Diagnosis of Wood Decay." IAWA Journal 19, no. 2 (1998): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001517.

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Light micrographs of the anatomical features of brown rot, white rot and soft rot are presented here to facilitate easy identification of each type of decay in birch and pine. This paper presents the light-microscopic observations made during the course of several broad studies of wood deterioration by fungi. A key aids the identification of brown rot, white rot and soft rot in wood and wood products. Features used for identification include bore hole size and frequency, shape of erosion channels and cavities, cell separations and changes in birefringence as observed on unstained sections with polarized light or differential interference contrast microscopy. Included are descriptions of white-rot and soft-rot erosion patterns at several decay stages.

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35

Shakya, Bimala, and Hari Prasad Aryal. "A Study of Fungal Diseases Occurring on Stored Tomatoes of Balkhu Agriculture and Vegetable Market, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 31, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39378.

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Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens deteriorate the quality and quantity of tomato and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in Balkhu Agriculture and vegetable Market of Kathmandu, Nepal. Collected samples were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in complete randomized design. Fifteen species of fungi namely Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvum fulva, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phytophthora infestans, Boeremia exigua, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were identified. These were responsible for 14 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot, Anthracnose, Black mold rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Damping off/ fruit rot, Drechslera mold, Fusarium rot, Mucor rot, Penicillum rot, Boeremia blight, Phytophthora rot, Rhizopus rot, Russet, and, Sour rot. The presence of these fungi and corresponding rot diseases on stored tomato indicates the need for management of fungi, farm sanitation and improved market in order to prevent field-to-storage transmission of pathogen.

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Askar, Mona H., Abdelaziz M. Hussein, Soheir F. Al-Basiony, Refka K. Meseha, Emile F. Metias, Mohamed M. Salama, Ashraf Antar, and Aya El-Sayed. "Effects of Exercise and Ferulic Acid on Alpha Synuclein and Neuroprotective Heat Shock Protein 70 in An Experimental Model of Parkinsonism Disease." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 18, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527317666180816095707.

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Background & Objective: This study investigated the effects of ferulic acid (FR), muscle exercise (Ex) and combination of them on rotenone (Rot)-induced Parkinson disease (PD) in mice as well as their underlying mechanisms. Method: 56 male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 8 equal groups, 1) Normal control (CTL), 2) FR (mice received FR at 20 mg/kg/day), 3) Ex (mice received swimming Ex) and 4) Ex + FR (mice received FR and Ex), 5) Rot (mice received Rot 3 mg/Kg i.p. for 70 days), 6) ROT+ FR (mice received Rot + FR at 20 mg/kg/day), 7) ROT+ Ex (mice received Rot + swimming Ex) and 8) ROT+ Ex + FR (mice received Rot + FR and Ex). ROT group showed significant impairment in motor performance and significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) density and Hsp70 expression (p< 0.05) with Lewy bodies (alpha synuclein) aggregates in corpus striatum. Also, ROT+FR, ROT+EX and ROT + Ex+ FR groups showed significant improvement in behavioral and biochemical changes, however the effect of FR alone was more potent than Ex alone (p< 0.05) and addition of Ex to FR caused no more significant improvement than FR alone. Conclusion: We concluded that, FR and Ex improved the motor performance in rotenone-induced PD rodent model which might be due to increased Hsp70 expression and TH density in corpus striatum and combination of both did not offer more protection than FR alone.

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Hsieh, Hsin-Yeh, Ching Wen Tseng, and George C. Stewart. "Regulation of Rot Expression in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 2 (November 2, 2007): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00536-07.

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ABSTRACT Repressor of toxins (Rot) is known to be a global regulator of virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. The function of Rot, but not the transcription of rot, is regulated by the staphylococcal accessory gene regulator (Agr) quorum-sensing system. In addition, the alternative sigma factor (σB) has a repressive effect on rot expression during the postexponential phase of growth. The transcriptional profiles of Rot in σB-positive and σB-negative strains in the postexponential and stationary phases of growth were compared. An upregulation of rot expression was observed during the stationary phase of growth, and this upregulation occurred in a σB-dependent manner. The effects of other staphylococcal transcriptional factors were also investigated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that proteins present in staphylococcal lysates retarded the mobility of the rot promoter fragment and that the effect was reduced, but not eliminated, with lysates from strains lacking a functional SarS protein. A modest upregulation of rot expression was also observed in sarS-negative strains. Affinity purification of proteins binding to the rot promoter fragment, followed by N-terminal protein sequencing, identified the SarA and SarR proteins. Primer extension analysis of the rot promoter revealed a number of discreet products. However, these RNA species were not associated with identifiable promoter activity and likely represented RNA breakdown products. Loss of Rot function during the postexponential phase of growth likely involves degradation of the rot mRNA but not the inhibition of rot transcription.

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Kim, Y. K., and C. L. Xiao. "Distribution and Incidence of Sphaeropsis Rot in Apple in Washington State." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (June 2008): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0940.

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Sphaeropsis rot, caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens, is a recently recognized postharvest disease of apple in Washington State. To determine the distribution and incidence of this disease as well as other postharvest diseases, decayed fruit were sampled during packing or pre-sizing operations in commercial fruit packinghouses from 26, 72, and 81 grower lots in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Fungi associated with decayed fruit were isolated and identified. The most common postharvest diseases of apple in the region were blue mold caused by Penicillium spp., primarily P. expansum, gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, and Sphaeropsis rot, accounting for 32, 28, and 17% of the decayed fruit, respectively. Percentages of these diseases in the total decayed fruit varied from lot to lot. Bull's eye rot caused by Neofabraea spp. was responsible for 13.4% of the total decay and was most prevalent on Golden Delicious. Other minor diseases included speck rot caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis, Alternaria rot caused by Alternaria spp., Mucor rot caused by Mucor piriformis, and core rot caused by a group of fungi, primarily Alternaria spp. Sphaeropsis stem-end rot was more common than calyx-end rot on Golden Delicious, whereas Sphaeropsis calyx-end rot was more common than stem-end rot on Fuji. On Red Delicious, both stem-end rot and calyx-end rot were common. Sphaeropsis rot resulting from infections through the fruit peel was more commonly seen on Golden Delicious and Fuji than on Red Delicious. The percentage of gray mold was higher on nondrenched fruit than on fruit drenched with thiabendazole (TBZ), whereas blue mold was more prevalent on TBZ-drenched fruit. Our results indicate that Sphaeropsis rot is an important component of storage rots of apples in Washington State.

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Celimene, Catherine C., Jessie A. Micales, Leslie Ferge, and Raymond A. Young. "Efficacy of Pinosylvins against White-Rot and Brown-Rot Fungi." Holzforschung 53, no. 5 (September 10, 1999): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.081.

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Summary Three stilbenes, pinosylvin (PS), pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM) and pinosylvin dimethyl ether (PSD), were extracted from white spruce (Picea glauca), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) pine cones, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic (HPLC, GC/MS, NMR and FTIR) analysis. PS, PSM, PSD or a 1:1:1 mixture of these stilbenes at concentrations of 0.1 % and 1.0 % were examined for their fungal inhibitory activity by two bioassay methods. Growth of white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium), and brown-rot fungi (Neolentinus lepideus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta) on agar media in the presence of each of the stilbenes or a 1:1:1 mixture inhibited growth of white-rot fungi, but slightly stimulated growth of brown-rot fungi. Soil-block assays, conditions more representative of those found in nature, did not correlate with those from the screening on agar media. PS, PSM, PSD or a 1:1:1 mixture of the three compounds at concentrations of 0.1 % and 1.0 % did not impart any significant decay resistance to white-rot fungi inoculated on a hardwood (Red maple). However under the same conditions, decay resistance was observed against brown-rot fungi on a softwood (Southern yellow pine). It appears that stilbenes at least partially contribute to wood decay resistance against brown-rot fungi.

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Adaskaveg, J. E., R. A. Blanchette, and R. L. Gilbertson. "Decay of date palm wood by white-rot and brown-rot fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-083.

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Wood from trunks of Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) was decayed for 12 weeks with white-rot fungi (Ganoderma colossum, G. zonatum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Scytinostroma galactinum, or Trametes versicolor) or brown-rot fungi (Wolfiporia cocos, Gloeophyllum trabeum, or Fomitopsis pinicola). Using the vermiculite-block assay, white-rot fungi caused significantly more weight loss (63%) than brown-rot fungi (32%). Of the white-rot fungi, G. colossum caused the greatest weight loss (81%), while S. galactinum caused the least (36%). In contrast, weight loss caused by the brown-rot fungi was similar. Chemical analyses indicated that both white-rot and brown-rot fungi caused losses of starch, holocellulose, and lignin. White-rot fungi, however, removed greater amounts of lignin than the brown-rot fungi with three species, S. galactinum, P. chrysosporium, and G. zonatum, causing selective delignification. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that phloem and parenchyma cells were more susceptible to decay than xylem and fiber cells. Starch grains were degraded by all fungi and were nearly removed in wood decayed by G. colossum. In wood decayed by white-rot fungi, cell walls were eroded and middle lamellae were degraded. Selective delignification was observed in fibers adjacent to vascular tissue in wood decayed by the three white-rot fungi. In wood decayed by brown-rot fungi, walls of ground parenchyma and vascular bundle cells were swollen and fragmented when physically disrupted. In wood decayed by F. pinicola, some cell walls were nearly disintegrated. Key words: selective delignification, simultaneous decay, ultrastructure.

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Pogány, Miklós, Tamás Dankó, Júlia Hegyi-Kaló, Evelin Kámán-Tóth, Dorottya Réka Szám, Kamirán Áron Hamow, Balázs Kalapos, et al. "Redox and Hormonal Changes in the Transcriptome of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Berries during Natural Noble Rot Development." Plants 11, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070864.

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Noble rot is a favorable form of the interaction between grape (Vitis spp.) berries and the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The transcriptome pattern of grapevine cells subject to natural noble rot development in the historic Hungarian Tokaj wine region has not been previously published. Furmint, a traditional white Tokaj variety suited to develop great quality noble rot was used in the experiments. Exploring a subset of the Furmint transcriptome redox and hormonal changes distinguishing between noble rot and bunch rot was revealed. Noble rot is defined by an early spike in abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and a pronounced remodeling of ABA-related gene expression. Transcription of glutathione S-transferase isoforms is uniquely upregulated, whereas gene expression of some sectors of the antioxidative apparatus (e.g., catalases, carotenoid biosynthesis) is downregulated. These mRNA responses are lacking in berries exposed to bunch rot. Our results help to explain molecular details behind the fine and dynamic balance between noble rot and bunch rot development.

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Strausbaugh, Carl A., Imad A. Eujayl, and Paul Foote. "Selection for Resistance to the Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Sugar Beet." Plant Disease 97, no. 1 (January 2013): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0511-re.

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The Rhizoctonia-bacterial root rot complex continues to be a concerning problem in sugar beet production areas. To investigate resistance to this complex in 26 commercial sugar beet cultivars, field studies and greenhouse studies with mature roots from the field were conducted with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 2-2 IIIB strains and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Based on means for the 26 cultivars in the 2010 and 2011 field studies, fungal rot ranged from 0 to 8%, bacterial rot ranged from 0 to 37%, total internal rot ranged from 0 to 44%, and surface rot ranged from 0 to 52%. All four rot variables resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) cultivar differences. Based on regression analysis, strong positive relationships (r2 from 0.6628 to 0.9320; P < 0.0001) were present among the rot variables. When ranking cultivars, the most consistent rot variable was surface rot, because 12 of 13 variable–year combinations had significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlations. When cultivar ranking in greenhouse assays was compared, there was frequently a positive correlation with storage data but no relationship with field results. Thus, the greenhouse assays will identify storage rot resistance but field screening will be required to find resistance to this rot complex in the field.

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Tang, W., Z. Ding, Z. Q. Zhou, Y. Z. Wang, and L. Y. Guo. "Phylogenetic and Pathogenic Analyses Show That the Causal Agent of Apple Ring Rot in China Is Botryosphaeria dothidea." Plant Disease 96, no. 4 (April 2012): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-11-0635.

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Apple ring rot and Botryosphaeria canker are severe diseases affecting apple production in China, but there is confusion regarding which pathogens cause these diseases and their similarity to other diseases, such as white rot of apple, and ring rot and Botryosphaeria canker of pear. In this study, the pathogen of apple ring rot in China was compared with the pathogen of apple ring rot in Japan and Korea, the pathogen of Botryosphaeria canker of apple and pear in China, the pathogen of pear ring rot in China, and the pathogen of white rot of apple in the United States. Comparisons were based on morphology, pathogenicity on branches and fruit, and sequences of rDNA in the internal transcribed spacer region and of the β-tubulin and actin genes. Results showed that the causal agent of apple ring rot and Botryosphaeria canker of apple in China was Botryosphaeria dothidea, which has also been reported to be the pathogen of apple ring rot in Korea and Japan. Pathogenicity tests showed that B. dothidea infection on apple and pear branches may induce wart or canker symptoms depending on the conditions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the same pathogen causes the wart symptom of apple ring rot and the Botryosphaeria canker symptom on apple branches in China. The results also suggest that apple ring rot and white rot are the same disease and are caused by B. dothidea. Finally, B. dothidea isolates from pear and other fruit or forest trees may serve as inoculum for apple ring rot.

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44

Heineman, K. D., S. E. Russo, I. C. Baillie, J. D. Mamit, P. P. K. Chai, L. Chai, E. W. Hindley, B. T. Lau, S. Tan, and P. S. Ashton. "Evaluation of stem rot in 339 Bornean tree species: implications of size, taxonomy, and soil-related variation for aboveground biomass estimates." Biogeosciences 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2015): 5735–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5735-2015.

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Abstract. Fungal decay of heart wood creates hollows and areas of reduced wood density within the stems of living trees known as stem rot. Although stem rot is acknowledged as a source of error in forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates, there are few data sets available to evaluate the controls over stem rot infection and severity in tropical forests. Using legacy and recent data from 3180 drilled, felled, and cored stems in mixed dipterocarp forests in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, we quantified the frequency and severity of stem rot in a total of 339 tree species, and related variation in stem rot with tree size, wood density, taxonomy, and species' soil association, as well as edaphic conditions. Predicted stem rot frequency for a 50 cm tree was 53 % of felled, 39 % of drilled, and 28 % of cored stems, demonstrating differences among methods in rot detection ability. The percent stem volume infected by rot, or stem rot severity, ranged widely among trees with stem rot infection (0.1–82.8 %) and averaged 9 % across all trees felled. Tree taxonomy explained the greatest proportion of variance in both stem rot frequency and severity among the predictors evaluated in our models. Stem rot frequency, but not severity, increased sharply with tree diameter, ranging from 13 % in trees 10–30 cm DBH to 54 % in stems ≥ 50 cm DBH across all data sets. The frequency of stem rot increased significantly in soils with low pH and cation concentrations in topsoil, and stem rot was more common in tree species associated with dystrophic sandy soils than with nutrient-rich clays. When scaled to forest stands, the maximum percent of stem biomass lost to stem rot varied significantly with soil properties, and we estimate that stem rot reduces total forest AGB estimates by up to 7 % relative to what would be predicted assuming all stems are composed strictly of intact wood. This study demonstrates not only that stem rot is likely to be a significant source of error in forest AGB estimation, but also that it strongly covaries with tree size, taxonomy, habitat association, and soil resources, underscoring the need to account for tree community composition and edaphic variation in estimating carbon storage in tropical forests.

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Naegele, Rachel P., and Mary K. Hausbeck. "Phytophthora Root Rot Resistance and Its Correlation with Fruit Rot Resistance in Capsicum annuum." HortScience 55, no. 12 (December 2020): 1931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15362-20.

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Phytophthora capsici causes root and fruit rot and foliar blight of pepper. Multiple sources of resistance to Phytophthora root rot have previously been identified, but most display only partial resistance. One source, CM334, has broad spectrum root rot resistance to multiple pathogen isolates but has only low to moderate fruit rot resistance. This study evaluated previously identified pepper lines for resistance to two P. capsici isolates, OP97 and 12889, and compared root rot resistance to fruit rot resistance and genetic structure. CM334 was confirmed as a broad spectrum resistance genotype, whereas all other sources of resistance evaluated were susceptible to infection by one or both isolates evaluated. Although not completely resistant, PI 566811 displayed moderate resistance to fruit and root rot to both P. capsici isolates. Fruit rot resistance had a significant but small to moderate positive correlation (r = 0.26–0.63) with root rot resistance depending on the isolate and length of exposure. Pepper accessions with resistance to Phytophthora root and fruit rot belonging to different genetic subpopulations were identified and could serve as candidates for partial-resistance loci to incorporate into pepper breeding programs.

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Stevens, C., C. L. Wilson, J. Y. Lu, V. A. Khan, E. Chalutz, M. K. Kabwe, Z. Haung, S. Droby, and L. Pusey. "THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ON CONTROLLING POSTHARVEST ROTS ON FRUITS." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 495e—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.495e.

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Low doses of ultraviolet light (254nm UV–C) irradiation reduced postharvest rots of pome, stone and citrus fruits. Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) of `Elberta' and `Loring' peaches was significantly reduced by UV–C. Alternaria rot (Alternaria spp.) and bitter rot (Colletotrichum spp.) the principal storage rots of `Golden Delicious apples showed significant reduction following UV–C treatment. Further application of UV–C was effective in controlling green mold rot (Penicillium digitatum) of `Dancy' Tangerines and `Marsh Seedless' grapefruits, stem end rot (Alternaria citri), as well as sour rot (Geotrichum candidum) of `Dancy' tangerines after irradiation.

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Lee, H. L., G. C. Chen, and R. M. Rowell. "Fungal decay resistance of wood reacted with phosphorus pentoxide-amine system." Holzforschung 58, no. 3 (May 12, 2004): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.048.

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Abstract Resistance of wood reacted in situ with phosphorus pentoxide-amine to the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was examined. Wood reacted with either octyl, tribromo, or nitro derivatives were more resistant to both fungi. Threshold retention values of phosphoramide-reacted wood to white-rot fungus T. versicolor ranged from 2.9 to 13.3 mmol, while these for brown-rot fungus G. trabeum ranged from 8.1 to 19.2 mmol. Wood reacted with phosphoramide tested to be more resistant to white-rot than brown-rot attack.

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Dankó, Tamás, Magdolna Szelényi, Tibor Janda, Béla Péter Molnár, and Miklós Pogány. "Distinct volatile signatures of bunch rot and noble rot." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 114 (April 2021): 101626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101626.

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Olatinwo, R. O., A. M. C. Schilder, and A. N. Kravchenko. "Incidence and Causes of Postharvest Fruit Rot in Stored Michigan Cranberries." Plant Disease 88, no. 11 (November 2004): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.11.1277.

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The incidence of postharvest fruit rot and associated fungi was studied in stored cranberries in Michigan in 2000 and 2001. Ripe cranberries were harvested from eight commercial farms in southwest and northeast Michigan, including the Upper Peninsula. Eight cranberry cultivars were represented: Stevens, Searles, Le Munyon, Pilgrim, Ben Lear, Bergman, Beckwith, and WSU 61. Fruit rot incidence was assessed within 1 week after harvest. Remaining sound fruit was stored for 2 months at 5°C, and fungi were isolated from rotted fruit after 1 and 2 months of storage. Year and region, but not cultivar, significantly affected the overall rate of rot development in storage. Storage rot levels generally were lower in 2001 than in 2000, particularly in southern Michigan. A high incidence of field rot at harvest did not necessarily lead to a high incidence of storage rot. Storage rot tended to be more severe in the northern than in the southern growing region. Fungi most frequently associated with storage rot were Fusicoccum putrefaciens, Colletotrichum acutatum, Coleophoma empetri, Phomopsis vaccinii, and Phyllosticta elongata. F. putrefaciens was the predominant storage rot fungus in northern Michigan in both years and caused up to 80% fruit rot in storage. C. empetri and P. elongata also were isolated more frequently from beds in northern than southern Michigan in 2001. The cvs. Pilgrim and Stevens were more susceptible to storage rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, and Bergman and WSU 61 were more susceptible to storage rot caused by Phomopsis vaccinii than some of the other cultivars.

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Killikelly, April, Meredith A. Benson, Elizabeth A. Ohneck, Jared M. Sampson, Jean Jakoncic, Brett Spurrier, Victor J. Torres, and Xiang-Peng Kong. "Structure-Based Functional Characterization of Repressor of Toxin (Rot), a Central Regulator of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02317-14.

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Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureusis responsible for a large number of diverse infections worldwide. In order to support its pathogenic lifestyle,S. aureushas to regulate the expression of virulence factors in a coordinated fashion. One of the central regulators of theS. aureusvirulence regulatory networks is the transcription factor repressor of toxin (Rot). Rot plays a key role in regulatingS. aureusvirulence through activation or repression of promoters that control expression of a large number of critical virulence factors. However, the mechanism by which Rot mediates gene regulation has remained elusive. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of Rot and used this information to probe the contribution made by specific residues to Rot function. Rot was found to form a dimer, with each monomer harboring a winged helix-turn-helix (WHTH) DNA-binding motif. Despite an overall acidic pI, the asymmetric electrostatic charge profile suggests that Rot can orient the WHTH domain to bind DNA. Structure-based site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that R91, at the tip of the wing, plays an important role in DNA binding, likely through interaction with the minor groove. We also found that Y66, predicted to bind within the major groove, contributes to Rot interaction with target promoters. Evaluation of Rot binding to different activated and repressed promoters revealed that certain mutations on Rot exhibit promoter-specific effects, suggesting for the first time that Rot differentially interacts with target promoters. This work provides insight into a precise mechanism by which Rot controls virulence factor regulation inS. aureus.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rot'

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