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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rot'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Olsen, Mary. "Cotton (Texas) Root Rot." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/346609.

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Revised 02/2015; Originally published: 2000.
The most important disease of woody dicotyledonous plants in Arizona is Phymatotrichopsis root rot (Cotton or Texas root rot) caused by a unique and widely distributed soil-borne fungus, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. The fungus is indigenous to the alkaline, low-organic matter soils of the southwestern United States and central and northern Mexico.

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2

Olsen, Mary W. "Cotton (Texas) Root Rot." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144800.

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4 pp.
Cotton root rot commonly causes a sudden wilt and death of susceptible plants in summer months but may also cause a slow decline, especially at cooler temperatures. So, positive identification of disease by an experienced person is essential. This publication addresses the symptoms, environmental conditions, disease, prevention and control methods, sampling, identifying susceptible plants and the tolerant and immune plants of cotton root rot.

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3

Chambers, Susan M. "Phytophthora root rot of chestnut /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4449.pdf.

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4

West, Jon. "Chemical control of Armillaria root rot." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386565.

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5

Kilby, Michael W. "Phymatotrichum (Cotton Root Rot) Resistant Grape Rootstocks." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215735.

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6

Mahato, Tilak, Mary Olsen, and Ursula K. Schuch. "Controlling Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Bedding Plants." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216551.

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Rhizoctonia root rot is caused by a soil borne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani and is a serious problem in bedding plants. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of three chemical and two biological products for controlling Rhizoctonia root rot in cool season and warm season bedding plants. Experiments were conducted with summer and winter bedding plants in a nursery production and landscape situation. The efficacy of conventional fungicides or biological products to control Rhizoctonia root rot in bedding plant production and simulated landscape growth cannot be evaluated from results of this study because of low mortality of plants.

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7

Tyler, Ray, Edith DeRosa, Lee J. Clark, and Mary Olsen. "Seed Treatment to Prevent Black Root Rot." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219773.

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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
NU-Zone (imazalil) + Nu-Flow ND (TCMTB + Chloroneb), NU-Flow ND, and Vitavax (carboxin) were evaluated as seed treatments with and without in-furrow PCNB. The following was learned: - Vitavax-treated seed got out of the ground faster than the other treatments, which brings out the possibility that NU-Flow or NU-Zone slows germination. - Stands and root development were slightly better when NUZone was present. - NU-Zone + NU-Flow ND seed treatment is not totally effective in controlling black root rot in heavily inoculated soils. - NU-Flow ND alone is the least effective of the treatments. - In-furrow PCNB did not affect yields.

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8

Albrecht, Hannah. "Begierig Rot." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1572.

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9

Kalonji, Kabengele Muzela J. B. "Evaluation of three fungicides for control of soilborne diseases of lettuce seedlings." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29549.

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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are characterised by root rot, stem rot and damping-off of the seedlings that can occur at any time during growth. Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani are known to be the important destructive pathogens of lettuce, causing severe yield losses in South Africa. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of three selected fungicides to control these pathogens on lettuce seedlings. In this study the fungicides metalaxyl (Apron®), fludioxonil (Celest®) and mefenoxam (Subdue®) were applied at two concentrations as single and double doses on lettuce seedlings to determine their efficacy to control the pathogens Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani after significant reduction of mycelia growth was observed in vitro. Cultures of P. ultimum (UPGH024), R. solani (UPGH122) and F. solani (UPGH122) were obtained from the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria and cultivated on PDA for 2 days at 25ºC. Pasteurised soil was artificially inoculated with these pathogens. For the first experiment lettuce seeds were planted in polystyrene seedling trays at a depth of 1.0 cm. There were four replications of 50 seeds per treatment. In Experiment 2 pots (12 cm x 7 cm) were filled with pasteurised growing medium and 3-week old seedlings were transplanted. There were three replications of six pots containing three plants each. Seedling trays and pots were drenched with fungicides and placed in a randomised block design in a controlled environment room at 20- 26°C with a 12h-light/dark regime. The seedling trays and pots were rotated daily in the room. Seedling trays and pots were watered daily to maintain field capacity. The seedlings were able to grow larger in the pots than in seedling trays. It was confirmed that the treatment with fludioxonil (Celest®) at double and single dose inhibited the growth of the three fungi F. solani, P. ultimum and R. solani on lettuce seedlings without causing phytotoxicity. All three fungicides significantly reduced the diseases caused by the three pathogens. These findings are consistent with previous reports that fludioxonil, metalaxyl and mefenoxam can control oomycete fungi. There are few registered fungicides for the control of Fusarium solani, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani on lettuce, therefore further work will aim to confirm these results in the field.
Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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10

Persson, Lars. "Soil suppressiveness to Aphanomyces root rot of pea /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5472-7.gif.

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11

Xia-Hong, He. "Bio-control of root rot disease in vanilla." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/15398.

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Fusarium oxysporum Schl. var. vanillae (Tucker) Gondon is known to cause root rot in Vanilla planifolia Andrews in most regions where it is grown, including the major plantations in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China. This is of serious economic concern to the Province since the vanilla flavouring extractable from the beans of the plant is a valuable food product and an important export commodity. There are no fungicides registered for the control of Fusarium root rot and the only available chemical control methods are ineffective and cause serious contamination of the soil. Breeding for resistance is difficult when no dominant gene is known or where little information is available on fungal pathogenicity. Biocontrol is the main alternative for disease control in this crop, an attractive approach because of increasing concerns for environmental protection. The investigation considers two biocontrol strategies: first the introduction of virulent, antagonistic, non-pathogenic strains, closely-related to the pathogen, to overcome pathogenic populations in infected soils; second the use of essential oils with antimicrobial properties when applied to infected soils. Pathogenicity tests have been done on 81 out of 87 F. oxysporum isolates collected in Yunnan Province. Among these, 32 isolates were non-pathogenic and 49 were pathogenic. The pathogenicity results showed the complexity of F. oxysporum in Yunnan. Seventeen isolates were recovered from the Daluo plantation, of which 14 were pathogenic isolates and 3 non-pathogenic isolates; 26 from the Menglun plantation, in which 12 were pathogenic and 14 were non-pathogenic; 18 isolates from the Manjingdai plantation, in which 12 isolates were pathogenic, whilst the other 6 were non-pathogenic and 20 were obtained from the plantation in Hekou i County, of which 11 were pathogenic isolates and 9 were non-pathogenic. Genetic diversity within this population of F. oxysporum has been investigated with respect to vegetative compatibility and to determine the relationship between VCGs and virulence. The VCG results showed that the 87 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vanillae isolated from Yunnan Province were complex. They could be distributed into 12 different VCGs and that a direct relationship between VCGs group and virulence could not be drawn. Two non-pathogenic strains, ML-5-2 and HK-5b-4-1, have been screened from 87 strains as candidate biocontrol agents by pathogenicity and VCG, which are self-incompatible and closely related to the pathogens. These two strains were effective in vanilla root rot control in controlled environments, but their effects in field experiments were less conclusive. Seven essential oils, which have long been regarded as having inhibitory effects on pathogens in nature, have also been investigated as biocontrol agents. Three oils, cinnamon oil, thyme oil and clove oil, were effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen in vitro. These oils may develop into useful components of different management strategies with non-pathogenic strains. For the future, consideration will need to be given to the mechanism(s) of the interaction of the antagonistic components with the soil microbe population and host plant and also to appropriate formulation, to take account of soil type, crop status, cultural practices, environmental and economic factors. Biocontrol methods have considerable potential but must be acceptable to farmers as part of an overall crop management programme.

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12

Becker, Joachim. "Schwarz-Blaues Regieren II: Orbánisierung in Rot-Weiß-Rot?" Beirat für gesellschafts-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Alternativen (BEIGEWUM), 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6269/1/Becker_2018_KuWe_Schwarz%2DBlaues.pdf.

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13

Verrell, Andrew George. "Water, nitrogen, crown rot and common root rot interact to limit wheat production in northern NSW cropping systems." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27955.

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A multi-variate approach was undertaken to identify the major components of the cropping system that interact to affect yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat in northern NSW. The major components identified from an on-farm monitoring program were rainfall, soil plant available water (PAW) and nitrogen (N) at sowing, grass weeds (GW), crown rot (CR) and common root rot (CRR). Combined, these factors accounted for 80% and 60% of the variation in yield and WUE, respectively. Principal components analysis showed that the region has two seasons; summer and winter, and cluster analysis identified six rainfall zones. The three northern zones have summer dominant rainfall patterns, while the three southern zones have uniform patterns. In general, rainfall declines and variability increases moving in a westerly direction. There were 12 major soil types identified and plant available water capacity (PAWC) ranged from 45 mm (red kurosol) to 221 mm (brown vertosol). While PAWC is largely determined by clay content, sub-soil sodicity (based on exchangeable Na percentage = ESP) and salinity also reduced the amount of plant available water (PAW). The impact of ESP on PAWC in the vertosols varied, as the negative effect of high ESP was off-set by electrolyte concentrations and the fact that these soils can ‘self—repair’ by cracking. In the low to medium clay content sub-soils that have no shrink-swell capability, high ESP caused major reductions in PAWC and this effect started at ESP values below 6%. A multiple regression model, set at mean in-crop rainfall of 263 mm, predicted yields (kg/ha) for the maximum, or best observed values, for each variable (holding the other four at their mean value) as: soil N at sowing 3164, PAW at sowing 3124, CR severity 2966, CR severity 2990 and GW at tillering 3120. Yield differences between these predicted values and the mean (2847 kg/ha) were 317, 277, 119, 143 and 273 kg/ha, respectively. Yield gains for each of these components were minimal. While PAW and N at sowing were the main components that drive the system, these model outcomes show that optimising only one component if the others are sub-optimal will not realise a substantial yield gain. Holding PAW at sowing and rainfall at average values, with N not limiting (200 ng/ha), eliminating grass weeds and disease resulted in a predicted yield of 3983 kg/ha which is a gain of 40% over the mean. This equates to a WUE of 12 kg/ha/mm. To maximise yield, growers need to target all of these components within a cropping system. Fallows that retain stubble residue now dominate the cropping system and N use has risen substantially in the last 15 years. The interaction between water, N, CR and CR on wheat yield and water use was examined in a replicated experiment. The incidence of the CR pathogen, Fusarium pseudograminearum (F.ps) increased under drought conditions and the application of N, while the incidence of the CR pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana (B.so) increased under non—water limited conditions. F.ps led to a reduction in grain number per head and grain weight, while B.so reduced yields through the reduction of tiller density and grain weight. Yield loss due to the interaction between these disease components in the absence of severe plant water stress is discussed. Zero-tillage cropping system strategies are proposed that target high and low PAWC soils and N fertility. How growers might manage these diseases under these different cropping system regimes is discussed.

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14

Moya, Ernesto Antonio. "Distribution and interaction of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot pathogens of wheat in Montana and development of an integrated management program for Fusarium crown rot." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/moya/MoyaE0810.pdf.

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This thesis had three objectives: i) Determining distribution of FCR and common root rot (CRR) of wheat in Montana; ii) Determining population dynamics between F. pseudograminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana at different wheat development stages, and iii) Development of an integrated disease management program for Fusarium crown rot (FCR) using biological and fungicide seed treatments, cultivar resistance, and induced systemic resistance (SAR). Surveys of 91 fields over two years using qPCR identified FCR in 57% and CRR in 93% of the fields surveyed. Bipolaris sorokiniana, F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum were isolated from 15, 13 and 8% of tillers respectively. FCR distribution was highly clustered while CRR was uniformly distributed with soil type, elevation and growing degree days influencing distribution. Data from intensively sampled fields estimated yield losses caused by FCR and CRR at 3.2 to 34.9% with losses influenced by pathogen population. This study is the first time qPCR was used to survey the distribution of FCR and CRR and to study the interaction of the respective pathogens. The effect of F. pseudograminearum and B. sorokiniana inoculum applied singly or in combination at three rates showed high and low rates of F. pseudograminearum inoculum reduced Bipolaris populations, while B. sorokiniana inoculations did not affect Fusarium populations in stems. Populations of both pathogens increased from heading until harvest with Fusarium colonizing stems earlier than Bipolaris. Mixed inoculations increased incidence of infection and co-infection relative to that observed in production fields. Both fungi alone or combined reduced the seedling counts. Grain yield was inversely correlated with Fusarium populations. Difenoconazole-mefenoxam seed treatment reduced FCR severity between 29.3-50% and fungal and bacterial seed treatments were ineffective. The cv. Volt was identified as partially resistant and had the highest levels of chitinase and beta-1, 3-glucanase activity of cultivars evaluated. Induction of SAR by Bacillus mycoides isolate BmJ or acibenzolar Smethyl significantly reduced the severity of FCR compared to water controls. Integration of cultivar resistance plus fungicide seed treatment or SAR induction provided equal control in greenhouse and irrigated trials. In a dryland field trial, integration of all management tools reduced FCR more than individual tools.

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15

Omar, Ibrahim. "Biological control of crown and root rot of tomato." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310952.

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16

Beligala, Gayathri. "Screening for Resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot in Lupin." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467244910.

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17

Hine, Dick, Roy Whitson, Jim Armstrong, Don Howell, and Ron Cluff. "Fungicide Evaluations for the Control of Phymatotrichum Root Rot." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204052.

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18

Paul, Gabriela, and Angela Doege. "Rot- und Braunalgen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-63024.

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Rot- und Braunalgen gelten als Indikatorarten für die Gewässergüte. Durch die Abnahme vorrangig der saprobiellen Belastung der Gewässer in Sachsen nach 1990 hat sich ihre Bestandssituation allgemein verbessert. Dennoch sind fast drei Viertel der 17 in Sachsen vorkommenden Rot- und Braunalgenarten als ausgestorben oder gefährdet einzuschätzen. Die Rote Liste enthält eine Checkliste, Verbreitungskarten und gibt einen Überblick über die Gefährdungssituation der einzelnen Arten.

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19

Meyer, Jack Robert. "Cultivar susceptibility and fungicide control of black dot root rot." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/meyer/MeyerJ0507.pdf.

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20

Linde, Alec Robert 1956. "Root rot of hydroponically grown lettuce caused by Phytophthora cryptogea." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277895.

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In April 1989, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants showing severe root rot symptoms were received for diagnosis from a commercial hydroponic facility in Southern California. A species of Phytophthora was consistently isolated from necrotic roots. Pathogenicity trials were conducted under hydroponic conditions in a greenhouse at root temperatures of 18 and 28 C. Root necrosis, along with stem decay and plant death, occurred within 5-7 days after inoculation at both temperatures. Reisolation of the fungus from roots and stems of inoculated, but not from roots of non-inoculated plants, confirmed pathogenicity. The fungus was identified as Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. and Lafferty on the basis of cultural and morphological characteristics. However, crosses with A1 and A2 mating types of Phytophthora cryptogea and other species of Phytophthora were not successful. This is the first report of Phytophthora as a root pathogen of cultivated lettuce.

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21

Chittem, Kishore. "Genomics and Management of Fusarium Root Rot of Field Peas." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26475.

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Dry Pea or field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season legume crop grown in the United States. Field peas are vulnerable to many diseases of which, soil borne diseases including wilt and root rot are of major economic importance and can cause significant reduction in yield. There is a dearth of satisfactory methods for control of root rot and no varieties with complete resistance to Fusarium root rot are currently available. Root rot disease was found to be prevalent in all the major pea growing counties of North Dakota surveyed in 2004, 2005, 2010 and 2011. Fusarium species were the most frequently isolated fungal species from the infected pea roots of which, F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were the most common. 21 Field pea varieties were screened for resistance against F. avenaceum and F. solani f. sp. pisi, the Fusarium species traditionally associated with root rots of field pea in growth chamber experiments and field trials. Low levels of resistance were detected in a few cultivars but no variety was found to be completely resistant to any of the pathogens tested. Efficiency of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) in controlling Fusarium species most commonly associated with root rots was evaluated under in vitro and field conditions. Significant reduction in spore production, spore germination, and dry mycelial weight of Fusarium spp. were detected on PCC amended media in laboratory studies. In greenhouse and field experiments significant reduction in root rot disease severity was observed with PCC application compared to control. Fungal gene expression in artificially infected field pea roots and F. graminearum grown in culture was assessed using the Illumina mRNA-Seq technology. A total of 613 F. graminearum genes were found to be differentially expressed in planta on pea. Functional classes associated with amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, extracellular polysaccharide degradation, detoxification by degradation and defense related proteins were found to be significantly enriched in the up-regulated gene set as determined using FunCatDB. Expression of four up-regulated genes was confirmed by RT-PCR to validate the inferences from the sequencing results.

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22

Samils, Nicklas. "Monitoring the control methods of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. root rot /." Uppsala : Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200847.pdf.

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23

Young, Deborah, and Michael Matheron. "Control of Phytophthrowa Root and Crown Rot of Apple Trees." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215717.

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24

Matheron, Michael, Deborah Young, and Joe Matejka. "Root and Crown Rot of Apple Trees Caused by Phytophthora." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215738.

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25

Henriksson, Elin. "Eine Studie in Rot : Eine korpuslinguistische Studie über erröten und rot werden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tyska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143099.

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26

Dahl, Erik. "BIM inom ROT-projekt." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104493.

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Användingen av virtuellt byggande och byggnadsinformationsmodeller inom byggbranschen ökar ständigt och är ett område som varit föremål för flera studier under de senaste åren. I flertalet av dessa har dock fokus legat på nyproduktion. Men i och med ett ökande renoveringsbehov i stora delar av det svenska bostadsbeståndet ökar även intresset av att använda BIM inom ROT-projekt. Dessutom har ny teknik inom området inmätning, då främst laserscanning, gjort att det idag finns lämpliga verktyg för att skapa byggnadsinformationsmodeller av befintliga byggnader. Målet med denna studie har följaktligen varit att undersöka hur en BIM av en befintlig byggnad kan tas fram och hur denna kan användas inom ett ROT-projekt. Resultaten som redovisas i denna studie bygger dels på en kartläggning av olika metoder för inmätning och dels på en sammanställning av erfarenheter från olika personer som arbetat med antingen inmätning eller arbetat i ROT-projekt där digitala 3D-modeller använts på ett eller annat sätt. Kartläggningen av de olika inmätningsmetoderna genomfördes främst genom en litteraturstudie medan insamlingen av erfarenheter genomfördes i form av en intervjustudie. De slutsatser som har kunnat dras utifrån resultaten visar att det finns en rad olika nyttor med att använda sig av BIM även inom ROT-projekt. Framför allt nyttor rörande kommunikation mellan olika aktörer inom projektet och aktörer som på olika sätt berörs av projektet. Dessa aktörer kan exempelvis vara beställare eller hyresgäster av en fastighet och saknar många gånger kunskap och erfarenhet av att läsa traditionella bygghandlingar i 2D. Användandet av digitala 3D-modeller skulle göra det lättare att kommunicera med dessa aktörer. Dessutom redovisar studien ett förslag på arbetsgång som kan användas då en BIM av en befintlig byggnad ska tas fram. Denna arbetsgång består av åtta steg och går igenom vad en beställare av en 3D-modell bör tänka på för att undvika de fallgropar som denna studie kunnat identifiera.
The usage of Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) and Building Information Models (BIM) in the building industry is steadily increasing and has been the subject of several studies during the last couples of years. The majority of these have focused on the new production of buildings. However, with an increasing need for renovation in large parts of the Swedish housing stock there has been an increasing interest in using VDC and BIM in retrofit projects. In addition to that, new advances in the field of surveying, mainly through laser scanning, have provided new adequate tools to create building information models of existing buildings. The objective of this study has therefore been to investigate how a BIM of an existing building can be developed and how it can be used in a retrofit project. The results reported in this study are partly based on a survey consisting of various survey methods and partly on a compilation of experiences from individuals who worked as either a surveyor or in retrofit projects where digital 3D models where used in one way or another. The survey consisting of different survey methods was carried out mainly through a literature study, whereas the collection of experiences was carried out in the form of an interview study. The conclusions that could be drawn from these results show that there are a variety of benefits associated with the use of BIM in retrofit projects. The most pronounced benefits relate to the communication between different participants within the project and participants that are affected by the project in various ways. These participants may include the tenants or the users of the property who often lack the knowledge and the experience of reading traditional blueprints in 2D. The implementation of digital 3D models would facilitate communication with these participants. Further to this the study presents a proposal for a method that can be used when creating a BIM for a retrofit project. This method consists of eight steps, carefully explaining what a client interested in a 3D model should consider in order to avoid the pitfalls that this study has been able to identify.

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27

Nicholson, P. "Basal rot of narcissus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382245.

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28

Hamzaoui, Sami, and Alex Goro. "Planeringsprocessen av ROT-projekt : En studie angående ekologiskt hållbara ROT-projekt i miljonprogrammen." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55149.

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Between year 1961 and 1975 were about one million homes produced, which today is called the million programme. These homes are now in a great need of renovation as they contain hazardous substances in the materials, unnecessarily high energy use and they are in critical technical condition. Purpose: of the degree project is to identify how we can become increasingly sustainable in ROT-projects within the million programme areas. The degree projects studies among other things how a renovation will be sustainable, materials and waste impact, about the million programme rebuilding needs and rebuilding needs of low-energy houses in the million programme. The method: The degree project is based on a literature study, a questionnaire study and an interview study. The literature study has been carried out to gain an increased knowledge of how a ROT-project works and facts about the million programme. The survey consisted of questions about what the environmental work looks like in various ROT-projects. Entrepreneurs working on ROT-projects, landlords who manage housing in the million programme and tenants who live in the million programmehave participated in the survey. An interview study has been conducted with various ROT-entrepreneurs and landlords to get an overview of how the work of the million programmehas looked environmentally. The result: The million programme leak large amounts of energy and heat. Older have shown that greenhouse gas emissions and energy use have increased, so the need for renovation is becoming more apparent. Sustainable renovation is needed to reduce the negative environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions and energy gas. In a construction process does material production have a major impact on the environment. When it comes to material selection and waste management is an important aspect for the environment within a ROT-project. In order to be able to work in an environmentally friendly way, it is necessary to plan in detail about various factors when handling the use of materials. The various factors are inventory, waste sorting, ordering materials in the right dimension, choosing materials with regard to the environment and handling the materials well during the construction process. Conclusion: The million programme homes are energyintesive and require among other things trunk replacement, ventilation replacement, replacement of electrical installations, windows, balconies and facades. In order to renovate the million programme homes good knowledge is required about ay hazardous substances in the materials and what measures are required to make the homes more energy efficient.

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Ihrmark, Katarina. "Double-stranded RNA elements in the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6310-6.pdf.

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Popoola, Temi-Tope Olukayode. "The role of host plant stress in Armillaria root rot infections." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304388.

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Dudley, Roy 1972. "Genetic mapping of Armillaria ostoyae using RAPD markers." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20796.

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We report here the use of RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction) to identify segregating loci in the haploid progeny of an Armillaria ostoyae basidiocarp and the construction of the first genetic linkage map of this fungus, one of the causal species of Armillaria Root Disease. Upon screening 75 RAPD primers, 18 were found to identify a total of 43 loci segregating with a 1 : 1 Mendelian ratio. These loci were analysed for linkage among 58 monospore progeny. The map constructed with Mapmaker (LOD = 3.0, r = 0.38) was confirmed by GMendel (LOD = 1.5, r = 0.38). This map arranged 30 loci into 6 linkage groups and 4 linkage pairs. Thirteen markers remained unlinked. Using the Kosambi mapping function the linked loci accounted for approximately 450 cM and the genome was estimated to be 1600 cM. This preliminary map covers approximately 28% of the A. ostoyae genome.

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32

Adeyanju, Adedayo. "Genetic study of resistance to charcoal rot and Fusarium stalk rot diseases of sorghum." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17559.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Tesfaye Tesso
Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot caused by Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina respectively are devastating global diseases in sorghum that lead to severe quality and yield loss each year. In this study, three sets of interrelated experiments were conducted that will potentially lead to the development of resistance based control option to these diseases. The first experiment was aimed at identifying sources of resistance to infection by M. phaseolina and F. thapsinum in a diverse panel of 300 sorghum genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in three environments following artificial inoculation. Out of a total of 300 genotypes evaluated, 95 genotypes were found to have resistance to M. phaseolina and 77 to F. thapsinum of which 53 genotypes were resistant to both pathogens. In the second experiment, a set of 79,132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were used in an association study to identify genomic regions underlying stalk rot resistance using a multi-locus mixed model association mapping approach. We identified 14 loci associated with stalk rot and a set of candidate genes that appear to be involved in connected functions controlling plant defense response to stalk rot resistance. The associated SNPs accounted for 19-30% of phenotypic variation observed within and across environments. An analysis of associated allele frequencies within the major sorghum subpopulations revealed enrichment for resistant alleles in the durra and caudatum subpopulations compared with other subpopulations. The findings suggest a complicated molecular mechanism of resistance to stalk rots. The objective of the third experiment was to determine the functional relationship between stay-green trait, leaf dhurrin and soluble sugar levels and resistance to stalk rot diseases. Fourteen genotypic groups derived from a Tx642 × Tx7000 RIL population carrying combinations of stay-green quantitative trait loci were evaluated under three environments in four replications. The stg QTL had variable effects on stalk rot disease. Genotypes carrying stg1, stg3, stg1,3 and stg1,2,3,4 expressed good levels of resistance to M. phaseolina but the combination of stg1 and stg3 was required to express the same level of resistance to F. thapsinum. Other stg QTL blocks such as stg2 and stg4 did not have any impact on stalk rot resistance caused by both pathogens. There were no significant correlations between leaf dhurrin, soluble sugar concentration, and resistance to any of the pathogens.

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Bashay, Natnael, and Roubin Nawfal. "Installationskrockar i ett ROT-Projekt." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213419.

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Att utföra installationer i ett ROT-projekt är mer komplicerat än vid nyproduktion. I ROT-projekt möter installatören gamla svårlästa handlingar som oftast inte stämmer med verkligheten. Vanligaste problemet är att det kan uppstå krockar mellan installationerna och mellan installationerna och stommen vilket leder till kostnader och tidsförluster. I vår rapport har vi studerat möjligheten att i ett tidigt skede få fram handlingar som stämmer med verkligheten vilket skulle underlätta planering och byggande i ett ROT-projekt. Metoden förväntas lösa problemet med krockar som kan uppstå vid utförandet av arbetet samt kunna nå installationerna på ett smidigt sätt utan något hinder vid tillsyn, skötsel och underhåll. Resultatet i denna rapport baseras på mätningar som vi har genomfört, i form av inskanning av ett rum med hjälp av en handlasermätare och en 3D-laser för att skapa en 3D-modell. För att kunna hitta ett lämpligt utrymme i byggnaden och säkerställa installationer utan någon typ av krock krävs noggrann projektering. För att komplettera studien intervjuades flera personer med erfarenhet inom detta område. Vår slutsats är att genom en kombination av BIM tillsammans med en väl fungerande installationssamordning och skanning med 3D-laser kan noggrannheten i projekteringen öka, risken för kollisioner minska vilket leder till ökad lönsamhet i ett ROT-projekt.
Performing an installation process under a Renovation, Conversion and Extension (ROT) project is more complicated than in a new production. In a ROT projects, the installer meets old and hard-to- read documents that usually do not match the reality. The most common problem is that clashes may occur between the installations and building elements, which results in costs and time losses. In our report we have studied the opportunity to produce documents that correspond to reality at an early stage, which would facilitate planning and construction in a ROT project. The method is expected to solve the collision problem that may arise in the performance of the work, as well as being able to reach the installations in a smooth manner without any barriers to supervision and maintenance. The results of this report are based on the measurements we performed, in particular by using measurement methods using a handheld meter and a 3D-laser scanning technique that creates a 3Dmodeling . In order to be able to find a suitable space in the building and to ensure installations without any type of collision, careful design is required. To complete the study, several people were interviewed with experience in this area. Our conclusion is that through a combination of BIM, together with a wellfunctioning installation coordination and 3D-laser scanning, design accuracy can be increased, the risk of collisions reduced, leading to increased profitability in a ROT project.

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Ballmann, Tabitha. "Modulationsdynamik von rot oberflächenemittierenden Halbleiterlasern." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-31616.

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35

Ziezold, Anya Monique Alix. "Chemical control of disappearing root rot of ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31877.pdf.

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36

Boshoff, Jane. "Biological control of Pythium wilt and root rot in hydroponically grown lettuce." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02272007-163651/.

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37

Raziq, Fazli. "Biological and integrated control of the root rot caused by Armillaria mellea." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245321.

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38

Odom, Jennifer Lorraine. "Evaluation of Field Pea Varieties for Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot Pathogens." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28500.

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Fusarium root rot is one of the most important diseases of pulse crops, with numerous Fusarium spp. comprising the disease complex. Fusarium solani and F. avenaceum have been reported to be major pathogens in the pea root rot complex, and all commonly grown varieties are susceptible. Greenhouse methods to evaluate peas for resistance to Fusarium root rot resulted in inconsistent disease severity across varieties. In 2015, F. avenaceum infested field plots were more heavily damaged based on emergence and yield than F. solani infested plots, and opposite trends were observed in 2016. Differences in root rot severity between years could be due to F. solani infestation causing more damage under warmer temperatures, while plots infested with F. avenaceum caused more damage under cooler temperatures. These results highlight the difficulties observed when screening for soil-borne pathogens, and the increased difficulties when a pathogen complex and changing environmental conditions are involved.

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39

Young, Brian A. "Residual effects of defeated resistance genes on phytophthora root rot of soybean." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1333121251.

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40

Mauk, P. A., and R. B. Hine. "A Predictive System for Disease Incidence of Black Root Rot of Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204490.

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A quantitative technique has been developed to assay cotton soils for populations of Thielaviopsis basicola, a soil occurring fungus that causes the seedling disease of cotton known as Black Root Rot. The procedure utilizes a soil dilution technique with a carrot extract agar containing etridiazol, Mystatin, streptomycin sulfate, chlortetracycline, calcium carbonate and PCNB. Populations of the fungus have been monitored from April to December, 1986 in a heavily infested Pima S-6 field in cooperation with Bob Cockrill, a Coolidge grower. When field soils containing approximately 600 propagules of the fungus per gram of air dry soil were planted to Pima S-6 in the laboratory, 75-100% and 50-75% cortical decay occurred at 20 and 28 C, respectively. This seedling damage was related to subsequent reduced seedling vigor.

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41

Mahmoud, Mohamed Ahmed Yosra. "Studies on mango soilborne diseases with special reference to Phytophtora root rot." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1454.

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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in many tropical and subtropical countries. Recently, mango has been introduced into Italy mainly in some provinces of Sicily. However, its future as approaching commodity in Sicilian agriculture is threatened by diverse biotic and abiotic threats. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of the fungal soilborne diseases and their causal agents in the island. Special reference was provided to Phytophthora species, oomycetes -like fungi that cause Phytophthora root and crown rot on mango. Surveys were conducted over summer and spring (2010- 2011) in different mango orchards located in five provinces (Palermo, Messina, Catania, Agrigento and Ragusa) in Sicily. Several diseases induced by soilborne pathogens were reported in all the investigated orchards. Typical symptoms of damping off, root rot, crown rot, wilt, Armillaria root rot and wood decays diseases were observed. Morphological and molecular identification of the isolated fungi and oomycetes showed that they belong to different genera: Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium and Armillaria. The percentage of disease incidence and fungal frequency were recorded. Verticillium wilt, a vascular disease caused by Verticillium dahliae, was reported for the first time in a new mango grove in Catania province. Typical symptoms of the disease were observed. The pathogen identity was initially made based on colony morphology and formation of microsclerotia and further confirmed by molecular method. Greenhouse inoculation trial, performed on young Kensington Pride cv. mango plants, fulfilled its pathogenicity. Phytophthora root and crown rot disease was reported in provinces of Messina and Palermo. P. cryptogea was consistently isolated from diseased tissues taken from the crown and necrotic roots of mango. The fungus was identified on the basis of colony morphology, characterization of the sexual and asexual reproductive structures, and temperature range. In addition, DNA sequence data of ITS, COI, LSU and 60S loci were used for phylogenetic inferences. Pathogenicity tests conducted to assess its ability to cause disease revealed that the fungus is a possible pathogen of this crop. The diversity of P. cryptogea, the causal pathogen of mango root rot, within Phytophthora worldwide populations was assessed. In this study, re-evaluation of global collection of 140 isolates assigned to P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri and P. erythroseptica was carried out. Single and multiple gene phylogenetic analyses were performed on DNA sequences of nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacers, ITS) and mitochondrial (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I, COI) genes. Both markers provided an acceptable resolution for these species. High levels of intraspecific variation were found within P. cryptogea population The possibility to set up a molecular approach to provide an accurate detection of P. cryptogea was investigated. Species-specific primer pairs for P. cryptogea, and two other species (P. megasperma and P. citrophthora), were designed from the most variable fraction of IGS regions. P. cryptogea specific primer (Cry5F/Cry5R) amplified 79 bp short fragment, while the primers Cit3F/Cit3R and Mega10F/Mega10R amplified 144 and 121bp fragments in P. citrophthora and P. megasperma, respectively. The above three sets of species specific primers pair were chosen to develop specific probes for the detection of the three Phytophthora species in the Real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay.

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42

Lee, Jang Hoon. "Effect of fruit removal on carbohydrate concentrations of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) roots in naturally infested soil with Monosporascus cannonballus." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/259.

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The effect of fruit removal from cantaloupe was studied under field conditions in a soil naturally infested with Monosporascus cannonballus. Fruit removal resulted in greater sugar accumulation in the cantaloupe roots compared to the roots from plants on which the fruits were allowed to develop normally. Individual, total, and combined root carbohydrate levels were greater in plants without fruit than in plants with fruit. Five major sugars (stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) were found in the cantaloupe roots. Stachyose concentrations were higher than all the other sugars in the cantaloupe roots. Disease severity on the cantaloupe roots with fruit removed was less severe than on roots of plants with fruit, and dry weights were higher in the fruit removal treatment than those of the fruit non-removal treatment. Fruit removal results in increased root growth and carbohydrate accumulation in the cantaloupe roots. Root sugar concentrations affected infection efficiency and disease progress of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline. Therefore, the retarded development of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline is associated with a greater carbohydrate accumulation in the cantaloupe root.

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43

Bovill, Jessica. "Mapping spot blotch & common root rot (causal agent: bipolaris sorokiniana) resistance genes in barley." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006178/.

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The fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus)causes the foliar disease spot blotch (SB) and the root disease common root rot (CRR). Spot blotch and CRR are serious disease constraints to barley production in warmer growing regions of the world, with estimated yield losses ranging from 30-70% from SB and 15-30% for CRR. Although chemical treatments may assist incontrolling spot blotch infections, the most effective and environmentally sound means of control for each disease is breeding for varieties with natural resistance. InAustralia, no commercially available varieties offer resistance to either SB or CRR. This study has sought to establish molecular markers that will be useful for selecting for resistance to each of these important fungal diseases.Barley cultivars derived from the breeding line NDB112 have provided durable SB resistance in the North Dakota region of the USA for over 40 years. The robustnessof this resistance had not been determined under Australian environmental conditions or with those B. sorokiniana pathotypes present within Australia. Toelucidate the genetics of resistance, two seedling and two field trials were conducted on an ND11231-12/VB9524 (ND/VB) doubled haploid (DH) population (180 lines).A molecular map of the ND/VB population was curated in order to provide a firm basis for mapping of resistance loci. Composite interval mapping revealed thatdifferent gene combinations are effective at different stages of plant development. Seedling resistance was found to be conditioned by a major locus on the short arm ofchromosome 7H and this region was validated in the related population ND11231-11/WI2875*17. A minor quantitative locus on chromosome 5HS was detected in one of the two seedling trials. However, this region requires further investigation to confirm its association to SB resistance in this population. Field resistance to SB in adult plants was found to be associated with two major quantitative trait loci (QTL)on chromosomes 7HS and 3HS; and a putative third minor QTL on chromosome 2HS. The 7H region is common between seedling and field resistance and is the most important locus for the expression of resistance at both stages of plant development. These findings largely concur with genetic studies of this trait in tworowed barley germplasm in North American environments.Common root rot is a difficult disease to phenotype for, and breeding programs will benefit from the identification of molecular markers linked to resistance. Data wasprovided from field trials of subsets of the population over four years. Using a novel approach combining the efficiency of bulked-segregant analysis with highthroughputDiversity Arrays Technology markers (BSA-DArT), CRR resistance was found to be conditioned by three putative QTL in an unmapped Delta/Lindwall population. QTL were identified on chromosomes 2HS, 4HS, and 7HS. To validatethe trait-linkage associations between the DArT markers and the CRR QTL,microsatellite (SSR) markers known to map to the regions identified by BSA-DArT were used. The 2H and 4H regions were validated using marker regression of the SSR markers in most seedling trials, whereas the 7H QTL, which is proximal to the location of the SB resistance QTL in the ND/VB population, was detected in only one seedling trial.The QTL identified in this study offer potential to combat the foliar and root diseases causes by this fungal pathogen. The chromosomal location of QTL for SB and CRR resistance have been found to differ in the ND/VB and D/L populations,which suggests that resistance to each disease is independently inherited. Further research is required to confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to combineresistance to both diseases into a single genotype. Such allelic combinations would provide elite germplasm that would benefit barley breeding programs world-wide.

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44

Piercey-Normore, Michele D. "Molecular evolution, identification and epidemiology of North American species of a root-infecting fungus, Armillaria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0003/NQ36212.pdf.

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45

El, Masry Mousa Ahmed. "Biological and chemical control of Pythium butleri on tomato." Thesis, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265901.

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46

Fuhlbohm, Michael John. "Studies on charcoal rot of mungbean /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17758.pdf.

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47

SHUMAN, JOEL LEE. "ANTHRACNOSE FRUIT ROT RESISTANCE IN STRAWBERRY." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011113-210925.

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The purpose of this research has been to determine the nature of strawberry fruit resistance to anthracnose fruit rot. Production in the United States and North Carolina is heavily dependent upon two cultivars, Chandler and Camarosa. Both cultivars are susceptible to anthracnose fruit rot (AFR), caused by the imperfect fungus . Results from this research will be used to further our understanding of the strawberry- system and to control AFR through breeding strategies or cultural practices. Components of resistance in strawberry to AFR were studied under field and controlled environment conditions; five strawberry genotypes were inoculated with conidia of under field conditions and seven genotypes were inoculated with either five inoculum concentrations or three isolates of in growth chambers. Strawberry genotypes responded differently to in the field and in a controlled environment. Components of resistance to AFR included rate-limiting resistance, reduced percent lesion, reduced probability of lesion formation due to fruit age and genotype, and plant canopy architecture. Rates of disease progress were different among genotypes, inoculum concentrations, isolates, and the genotype x isolate interaction. Susceptible genotypes and virulent isolates had faster rates of disease progress. Differences were observed among genotypes for yield, percent by weight, and number of berries with AFR. Plant canopy architecture influenced the hours of fruit wetness and the yield of berries with AFR; a loose open canopy had fewer hours. Young and old fruit were less susceptible to AFR than fruit of median age.

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48

Holmér, Anton, and Cajsa Larsson. "Analys av avvikelser vid ROT-projekt." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101268.

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Projektering vid renoveringsprojekt ser ofta väldigt olika ut och skiljer sig från projekteringen vid nyproduktion. Det är därför svårt att ta fram en mall eller standard för hur produktionen ska genomföras och avvikelser kan lätt uppstå. Avvikelser som uppstår inom renoveringsprojekt kan visa sig vara väldigt tidskrävande eller i värsta fall leda till stopp inom produktionen och det ställs stora krav på projektörerna som måste ha goda kunskaper inom området. Inom ramen för examensarbetet ingår att identifiera och analysera hur kritiska avvikelser inom renoveringsprojekt uppstår samt hur man ska göra för att hantera detta under ett tidigt skede av renoveringen. Som referensobjekt under examensarbetet används renoveringen av bostadsrättföreningen Kurortsparken i Nynäshamn. Rapporten kommer att analysera de avvikelser som uppstått under produktionen samt ge förslag för hur man kunde ha hanterat projektet och de avvikelser som uppstod annorlunda.
The planning for renovation projects often look very different and distinct from the planning for new production. It is therefore difficult to set up a template or standard for how the production will be implemented and variations may readily occur. Deviations that arise in renovation projects can prove to be very time consuming and worst lead to a stop in production and the concern results in the designer that must be experienced. As part of the thesis is to find and analyze the critical differences in the renovation project and how to do to manage it during the early stages of renovation. As a reference point for the thesis is the renovation of the housing association Kurortsparken in Nynäshamn. The report will analyze the deviations that occurred during the production and to give suggestions for how to handle the project and the changes that occurred differently.

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49

Areflykt, Lucas, and Fredrik Nilsson. "Löne – och sysselsättningseffekter genererade av återinförandet av ROT-avdraget 2008 : En undersökning av svenska aktiebolag med Difference-in-Difference metod." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25795.

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Syftet med denna undersökning är att analysera eventuella löne- och sysselsättningseffekter generade av återinförandet av ROT-avdraget 2008. Återinförandet sågs som en permanent åtgärd med målet att motverka så kallade svartarbeten och öka byggandet i Sverige. Vi vill med denna undersökning utvärdera vilka löne- och sysselsättningseffekter som ROT-avdraget bidragit till. En difference-in-difference metod kommer att användas för att analysera data insamlade från aktiebolag i Sverige, aggregerat till branschnivå. Aggregeringen görs för att våra resultat skall vara direkt jämförbara med tidigare studier, samt för att inte exkludera den effekt som orsakas av att nya företag i dessa branscher kan ha startats på grund av reformen. Difference-in-difference metoden går ut på att en behandlad grupp bestående av de byggbranscher som påverkats av ROT-avdragets införande jämförs med en kontrollgrupp bestående av övriga branscher före och efter reformen. Våra resultat visar att den genomsnittliga lönesumman per anställd inte påverkats av reformen, medan reformen givit en ökning i det genomsnittliga antalet anställda i ROT-branscherna.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the possible wage and employment effects generated by the reintroduction of the ROT-deduction in 2008. The reintroduction was seen as a permanent measure, and the aim was to counteract undeclared work and to stimulate and increase the building in Sweden. With this paper, we want to evaluate the wage and employment effects that the ROT-deduction contributed to in Swedish construction companies, more specifically limited companies in the ROT industry. A difference-in-difference method will be used to analyze data collected from limited companies in Sweden, aggregated to industry level. Aggregation is made for our results to be directly comparable to previous studies, and to not exclude the effect caused by new companies in the ROT-industry that may have started due to the reform. The difference-in-difference method involves that a treated group consisting of the construction industries affected by the introduction of the ROT-deduction is compared to a control group consisting of other industries before and after the reform. Our results show that the average wage per employee is not affected by the reform, while the reform has increased the average number of employees in the ROT-industry.

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Paula, Júnior Trazilbo José de. "Ecological investigations as a basis for integrated management of bean Rhizoctonia root rot." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966435079.

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