Journal articles: 'Roseum'

1

Zhou, X., H. Lin, X. L. Fan, and J. Y. Gao. "Autonomous self-pollination and insect visitation in a saprophytic orchid, Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 2 (2012): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11265.

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Reproductive biology of saprophytic plants has been poorly studied. Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. is a small saprophytic orchid that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia and Africa. The floral biology and insect visitation of E. roseum were studied in Xishuangbanna, south Yunnan Province, China. E. roseum possesses an obligate self-pollination system, in which the degenerative rostellum has lost its function as a physical barrier separating the stigma and stamens (pollinia), allowing contact between the stigmatic secretions and the pollinia during bud development. Flowers of E. roseum usually open and successfully attract insect visitors. The Asian honey bee (Apis cerana cerana) was the only visitor observed, and regularly visited flowers of E. roseum for nectar. However, these bees did not carry pollinia away after visiting the flowers due to the absence of a viscid disk in E. roseum; the results of experiments also indicated that the Asian honey bee does not contribute to fruit set in E. roseum. The visiting frequency of Asian honey bees to flowers of E. roseum varied both spatially and temporally. E. roseum does not undergo outcrossing mediated by insects and is adapted to obligate self-pollination. We suggest that this may have evolved because of the uncertainty of pollinator services associated with its saprophytic lifestyle. Our current studies do not support the hypothesis that obligate autogamy is favoured by myco-heterotrophic plants due to resource limitations.

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DOWELD, ALEXANDER B. "Tetraphylloides, a new replacement name for Tetraphyllum C.B.Clarke (Gesneriaceae) non Tetraphyllum Hosius & von der Marck (fossil Magnoliophyta)." Phytotaxa 329, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.13.

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Tetraphyllum C.B.Clarke (1883) (extant Gesneriaceae) is replaced by a new name Tetraphylloides Doweld nom. nov., because of the earlier homonym, Tetraphyllum Hosius & von der Marck (1880) (fossil angiosperm). Three new combinations are made: Tetraphylloides bengalensis comb. nov., Tetraphylloides confertiflora comb. nov. and Tetraphylloides roseus comb. nov. A new subtribal name Tetraphylloidinae subtrib. nov. is validated instead of illegitimate subtribe name Tetraphyllinae, nom. illeg. Didissandra confertiflora Drake and Tetraphyllum roseum Stapf are lectotypified.

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3

Huang, H. C., and E. G. Kokko. "Trichothecium roseum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 1631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-198.

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Among sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum collected from diseased bean plants in a field near Lethbridge in 1987 and 1988, 30 and 16%, respectively, were contaminated by Trichothecium roseum. Laboratory studies showed that T. roseum is a mycoparasite of S. sclerotiorum, able to infect and destroy sclerotia in dual cultures on potato dextrose agar. Among sclerotia inoculated with spores of T. roseum and incubated for 4 weeks on moist sand, 54 and 43% were infected and killed by the isolates TR-4 and TR-6, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic studies of infected sclerotia revealed that hyphae of T. roseum entered the rind tissue by penetrating the melanized cell walls or via junctions between cells. Lysis of host cell walls occurred at penetration sites. Hyphae of T. roseum ramified in cortical and medullary tissues, destroying the sclerotium. In sclerotia with light infections of T. roseum, numerous cortical and (or) medullary cells showed cytoplasmic granulation and vacuolization without direct association with the mycoparasitic hyphae. Key words: biocontrol, hyperparasite, mycoparasitism.

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4

Sicuranza, Jenna, and Nathaniel A. Mitkowski. "The Production of Callus, Shoot, and Rooted Plantlets of Rhododendron catawbiense ‘English Roseum’ from Florets." HortScience 42, no. 2 (April 2007): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.410.

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The Rhododendron catawbiense (Michx.) varieties ‘Roseum Elegans’ and ‘English Roseum’ are the primary varieties of rhododendron sold in the northeastern United States; however, very little research has been published on their ability to produce shoots, roots, or plantlets in tissue culture. The suitability of two rhododendron varieties (including ‘English Roseum’) was examined using two different combinations of cytokinin and auxin in Anderson's rhododendron medium. It was determined that the variety ‘Scintillation’ performed poorly regardless of the media conditions used; however, ‘English Roseum’ produced callus and shoots using Anderson's medium and 4.0 mg·L− 1 IAA and 15 mg·L− 1 2iP. Rooted plantlets were produced using a rooting medium containing Anderson's medium and 4 mg·L− 1 NAA. The ability of ‘English Roseum’ to produce 35% successful plantlets under these conditions suggests that this variety is moderately suitable for micropropagation purposes.

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5

Burtt, B. L. "Pseuderanthemum roseum again." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 54, no. 2 (July 1997): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600004054.

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6

Luck, Brian T., Colette Breuil, and David L. Brown. "Immunological discrimination between a sap-staining fungus and a biological control fungus." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-203.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect a sap-staining fungus, Ophiostoma piceae, and a biological-control agent, Gliocladium roseum, grown in liquid culture and in wood. A polyclonal serum prepared against whole cell fragments from broken mycelia of O. piceae detected O. piceae in liquid culture at 0.25 μg dry weight/mL; however, there was moderate cross-reactivity with G. roseum. Antiserum adsorbed on G. roseum had almost no reactivity with G. roseum but still reacted strongly with O. piceae. The specificity of these sera was verified, and the antigenic sites were localized, by immunogold labeling and electron microscopy. These studies confirmed that the adsorbed serum could differentiate between G. roseum and O. piceae and showed that the cell wall was the most reactive cellular component. These results are discussed in relation to the development of immunological probes for the detection of sap-staining and biological control fungi. Key words: polyclonal serum, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunogold labeling, sap-staining and biological control fungi, electron microscopy.

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7

WANG, LONG, CHEN REN, and QIN-ER YANG. "A new combination in Cremanthodium (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from Sichuan, China." Phytotaxa 252, no. 2 (March 10, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.252.2.6.

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Critical examination of herbarium specimens (including type material) of Cremanthodium ellisii var. roseum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) has shown that the variety should be transferred to C. brunneopilosum. We therefore propose a new combination, C. brunneopilosum var. roseum.

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8

Hong, C. X., and T. J. Michailides. "Prune, Plum, and Nectarine as Hosts of Trichothecium roseum in California Orchards." Plant Disease 81, no. 1 (January 1997): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.112d.

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Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link was frequently observed (up to 21%) on mummified peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), nectarine (P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Aiton) Maxim.), plum (P. salicina Lindl.), and prune (P. domestica L.) fruits in orchards during a 1995 to 1996 survey. Pink mold rot caused by T. roseum was also frequently observed (at about the 1 to 2% level) on a number of samples of prune fruit collected from commercial orchards in Glenn, Butte, Madera, Fresno, and Tulare counties in 1996, after storage at 4°C for 7 days and then 20°C for 4 days. Wounded and nonwounded prune (cv. French), plum (cv. Casselman), peach (cv. Fairtime), and nectarine (cv. Spring Bright) fruits were infected after inoculation with a drop (20 μl) of T. roseum suspension (5 × 105 conidia/ml). Characteristic pink sporulation covered the surface of most fruit 7 days after inoculation. Conidia of T. roseum completely covered all wounded and nonwounded prune fruit, sparsely on the wounded plum fruit, and densely on both wounded and nonwounded peach and nectarine fruits (lesion diameter = 1 to 7 cm) 2 weeks after inoculation. T. roseum sporulated more rapidly and better on the fruits that were contaminated with either Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey, or a Cladosporium sp. Peach has been listed as a host of T. roseum (California Plant Disease Host Index, Part 1: Fruits and Nuts, A M. French, ed., 1987), but this is the first report on the pathogenicity of this fungus on prune, plum, and nectarine from California.

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9

Dai, Pengbo, Yuanyuan Jiang, Xiaofei Liang, Mark L. Gleason, Rong Zhang, and Guangyu Sun. "Trichothecium roseum Enters ‘Fuji’ Apple Cores Through Stylar Fissures." Plant Disease 104, no. 4 (April 2020): 1060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-19-1559-re.

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Apple core rot, an economically important disease worldwide, appears both before and during harvest. Current gaps in understanding of the infection cycle impede progress toward more effective management of this disease. The fungus Trichothecium roseum is the main pathogen of core rot on apple in China. In this study, we used fluorescent labeling to trace colonization of T. roseum in floral tissues, characterizing routes of penetration to the core of ‘Fuji’ apples. T. roseum infected petals, anthers, filaments, stigmas and separated styles of flowers, and floral debris served as inoculum for core infection. In field inoculations, T. roseum entered styles initially through stylar fissures and colonized pluricellular hairs of these fissures during early stages of fruit development. Subsequently, hyphae grew along the extending fissures, which are continuations of stylar fissures located between stylar bases and carpel cavities. The hyphae remained in the extending fissures from mid-June to late July. When fruit developed an open sinus in late July, the sinus eventually fused with extending fissures and carpel cavities in late August, hyphae invaded carpel cavities, and ultimately fruit flesh via cracks on carpel cavity walls. Our results revealed for the first time the routes by which T. roseum penetrates apple fruit, and provided significant insights for strategic management of core rot.

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10

Pan, Hongyu, Yi Wei, Furong Xin, Mingguo Zhou, and Shihong Zhang. "Characterization and Biocontrol Ability of Fusion Chitinase in Escherichia coli Carrying Chitinase cDNA from Trichothecium roseum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2006): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-5-616.

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The antifungal mechanism of mycoparasitic fungi involves fungal cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinases. Trichothecium roseum is an important mycoparasitic fungus with significant antifungal ability, but studies on chitinases of T. roseum were poor. Here, we report a novel chitinase cDNA isolated from T. roseum by PCR amplification based on conserved chitinase sequences. Southern blot analysis suggested that a single copy of the gene exists in the genome of T. roseum. The deduced open reading frame of 1,143 nucleotides encodes a protein of 380 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 41.6 kDa. The fusion chitinase expressed in Escherichia coli has been purified by single-step chromatography. It has a pI of pH 5.4 and expresses a thermal stability, but is insensitive to pH in a broad pH range. According to expectation, E. coli efficiently yielded a high amount of active chitinase. Remarkably, the fusion chitinase offered high antifungal activity.

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11

Shomura, T., S. Amano, H. Tohyama, J. Yoshida, T. Ito, and T. Niida. "Dactylosporangium roseum sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-35-1-1.

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12

Sharman, KV, M. Sedgley, and D. Aspinall. "Production of the Australian native daisies (Helipterum roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum) for the cut flower market." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890445.

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Cut flower production of 2 Australian native daisies, Helipterum roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum, was investigated in the glasshouse and outdoors at 4 planting times. Both species exhibited a long day response with floral initiation occurring in any photoperiod but with peak production following longer days. Peaks in bloom production occurred during the spring and summer regardless of planting time. Floral abnormalities were observed in Helipterum roseum in all environments and planting times with the exception of the outdoor winter planting. There was a tendency for inflorescence diameter of both species and stem length of Helipterum roseum to decline with time from anthesis of the apical inflorescence. Optimum production of top quality blooms of Helipterum roseum extended from October to January following planting between autumn and spring. Peak production of Helichrysum bracteatum between December and March can be expected following planting during winter and spring. It may be possible to extend these seasons by weekly planting from autumn to spring. In addition, the imposition of extended photoperiod or night break treatments following summer or autumn planting may fulfil the photoperiod requirements of the plants and stimulate increased production between March and November. It is proposed that both species be considered for the fresh cut flower market, with Helipterum roseum marketed as single stems and Helichrysum bracteatum as sprays.

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13

Balasubramanian, N., G. Annie Juliet, P. Srikalaivani, and D. Lalithakumari. "Release and regeneration of protoplasts from the fungus Trichothecium roseum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 4 (March 1, 2003): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-034.

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A protocol for isolating and regenerating protoplasts from Trichothecium roseum has been described. Protoplasts from T. roseum were isolated using (i) a lytic enzyme combination composed of Novozym 234, chitinase, cellulase, and pectinase at a 5-mg/mL concentration and (ii) 0.6 M KCl as an osmotic stabilizer. A maximum number of 28 × 104 protoplasts/mL were obtained at pH 5.5. Experiments on the regeneration and reversion of protoplasts revealed a maximum regeneration (60.8%) in complete medium (potato dextrose yeast extract agar) amended with 0.6 M KCl. The regenerated protoplasts were similar to the original parent strain in morphology, pigmentation, growth, and sporulation.Key words: Trichothecium roseum, protoplast, isolation, regeneration, lytic enzymes, osmotic stabilizers.

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14

Yakuba, Galina V., Irina L. Astapchuk, Evgeny S. Mazurin, Andrei I. Nasonov, and Aleksandr V. Milovanov. "THE FIRST REPORT ON THE MYCOPARASITE TRICHOTHECIUM ROSEUM (PERS. 1809) ON VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (COOKE) G. WINTER IN RUSSIA." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-3-11-23.

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A hyperparasite was observed on Venturia inaequalis during a survey in Krasnodar region, South Russia. Morphological characterization using light microscopy and molecular characterization by sequencing ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analysis revealed the identity of the pathogen as Trichothecium roseum. This is the first record of hyperparasite Trichothecium roseum on Venturia inaequalis from Russia.

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15

Seifert, Keith A., Gerry Louis-Seize, and Marc E. Savard. "The Phylogenetic Relationships of Two Trichothecene-Producing Hyphomycetes, Spicellum roseum and Trichothecium roseum." Mycologia 89, no. 2 (March 1997): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761079.

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16

Seifert, Keith A., Gerry Louis-Seize, and Marc E. Savard. "The phylogenetic relationships of two trichothecene-producing hyphomycetes, Spicellum roseum and Trichothecium roseum." Mycologia 89, no. 2 (March 1997): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026778.

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17

Pruszyńska-Gondek, Marta. "Trichothecium roseum Link ex Fr. on Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de Bary." Acta Mycologica 12, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1976.006.

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Mycelium of Trichothecium roseum Link ex Fr. was observed in Poland on the surface of separate soruses of Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de Bary on the leaves of Vicia faba L. and V. faba L. var. minor. The sourses of Uromyces fabae were covered by the, fruiting mycelium of Trichothecium roseum, which, probably, inhibited the development of its uredospores. Therefore, biological control of U. fabae with the use of Trichothecium roseum seems feasible.

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18

McLean, M. A., and J. C. Sutton. "Mycoflora of strawberry in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-108.

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Mycelial fungi associated with leaves, flowers, and fruits of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) were monitored in a field plot from August 1986 to July 1987. The principal fungi found on leaves of various developmental stages were Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp., Colletotrichum dematium, Coniella fragariae, Epicoccum purpurascens, Gliocladium roseum, Gloeosporium sp., Gnomonia comari, Penicillium spp., Trichothecium roseum, and Verticillium spp. A majority of the fungi were observed more frequently on leaves that were washed and then plated on agar media than on leaves that were plated without washing. Trichothecium roseum, however, was found mainly on the unwashed leaves. Principal fungi on calyces, petals, and fruits were A. alternata, B. cinerea, Gloeosporium sp., Pencillium spp., T. roseum, and Verticillium spp. Other fungi variously found on the flowers and fruits included Rhizopus stolonifer, Paecilomyces spp., C. dematium, and Fusarium spp. Many of the fungi found frequently on the strawberry plants were present at most or all stages of development and decline of the various plant organs. The mycofloral observations are discussed in relation to the biocontrol of strawberry diseases. Key words: strawberry, mycoflora, Botrytis cinerea, population dynamics.

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19

Utermark, Jan, and Petr Karlovsky. "Role of Zearalenone Lactonase in Protection of Gliocladium roseum from Fungitoxic Effects of the Mycotoxin Zearalenone." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01440-06.

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ABSTRACT Zearalenone is a mycotoxin with estrogenic effects on mammals that is produced by several species of Fusarium. We found that zearalenone and its derivatives inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi on solid media at concentrations of ≤10 μg/ml. The fungitoxic effect declined in the order zearalenone > α-zearalenol > β-zearalenol. The mycoparasitic fungus Gliocladium roseum produces a zearalenone-specific lactonase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of zearalenone, followed by a spontaneous decarboxylation. The growth of G. roseum was not inhibited by zearalenone, and the lactonase may protect G. roseum from the toxic effects of this mycotoxin. We inactivated zes2, the gene encoding zearalenone lactonase in G. roseum, by inserting a hygromycin resistance cassette into the coding sequence of the gene by means of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. The zes2 disruption mutants could not hydrolyze the lactone bond of zearalenone and were more sensitive to zearalenone. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that resorcylic acid lactones exemplified by zearalenone act to reduce growth competition by preventing competing fungi from colonizing substrates occupied by zearalenone producers and suggest that they may play a role in fungal defense against mycoparasites.

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20

Freire, Susana E., José L. Villaseñor, Claudia Monti, Néstor D. Bayón, and María A. Migoya. "Taxonomic Revision of Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) from North America." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 107 (July 19, 2022): 314–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2022695.

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The genus Pseudognaphalium Kirp., segregated from Gnaphalium L., is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 60 species, most of them found in South, Central, and North America, but some species also occurring in Africa, Asia, Europe, and New Zealand. We present a taxonomic revision of Pseudognaphalium for North America accepting 36 species, mainly distributed in the Nearctic Region and the Mexican Transition Zone, and about one third of the species occurring in the Neotropical Region. The following taxa are newly synonymized: G. oaxacanum Greenm. with P. semiamplexicaule (DC.) Anderb., G. schraderi DC. with P. attenuatum (DC.) Anderb. var. sylvicola (McVaugh) Hinojosa & Villaseñor, P. altamiranum (Greenm.) Anderb. with P. roseum (Kunth) Anderb., and P. beneolens (Davidson) Anderb. with P. thermale (E. E. Nelson) G. L. Nesom. Lectotypes are newly designated for G. oblanceolatum Greenm., G. panniforme S. F. Blake, G. ramosissimum Nutt., G. roseum Kunth var. angustifolium Benth., G. roseum var. hololeucum Benth., and G. roseum var. sordescens Benth. Morphological descriptions are provided as well as taxonomic data on nomenclatural types, including synonymies, illustrations, distribution maps, distribution and habitat, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon, biogeographical and ecological comments, and a key for their identification.

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21

Gliguem, Hela, Dorsaf Ben Hassine, Leila Ben Haj Said, Imene Ben Tekaya, Rami Rahmani, and Sihem Bellagha. "Supplementation of Double Cream Cheese with Allium roseum: Effects on Quality Improvement and Shelf-Life Extension." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061276.

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This study gives a new insight into the direct supplementation of Allium roseum leaves in double cream cheese. Allium roseum leaves were added to double cream cheese as a powder and a fresh paste. Based on the formulation calculation and on sensory analyses, doses of 6% paste and 0.8% powder were used to formulate the flavored cheeses. The sensory characteristics of the two double cream cheeses were assessed and compared to a plain formula. Cheese samples, stored at 5 °C, were sampled every 0, 4, 8, 12 and 15 days and analyzed for pH, fat, dry contents, yeasts and molds and total coliforms. The positive effects of Allium roseum supplementation, either as a powder or as a fresh paste, have been proven, based on sensorial, physicochemical, and microbiological qualities. The shelf life of cheese samples was also determined through an accelerated shelf life test and the Arrhenius equation. The experiments were conducted at 5, 15, and 25 °C for 15 days. The results showed a significant shelf life extension for flavored double cream cheeses (12 days) versus the plain formula (10 days). The use of Allium roseum leaves, as a natural preservative, seems to be a promising trend for the formulation of similar dairy products.

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Silman, Robert W., Terry C. Nelsen, John E. McGhee, and Rodney J. Bothast. "Improved CMCase production bySpicellum roseum." FEMS Microbiology Letters 58, no. 1 (March 1989): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03019.x.

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Langley, P., A. Shuttleworth, P. J. Sidebottom, S. K. Wrigley, and P. J. Fisher. "A trichothecene from Spicellum roseum." Mycological Research 94, no. 5 (July 1990): 705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80672-2.

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Rakhmanberdyeva, R. Kh, and D. A. Rakhimov. "A glucofructan ofPolygonatum roseum. X." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 23, no. 2 (1987): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00598771.

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25

Adesanya, S. A., M. Païs, T. Sévenet, and J. P. Cosson. "Apotirucallane Triterpenes from Dysoxylum roseum." Journal of Natural Products 54, no. 6 (November 1991): 1588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50078a015.

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Kondratiuk, T., and A. Kalinichenko. "Structural-functional reorganization of dimorphous black yeast-like fungi Exophiala alcalophila under influence of plant essential oils." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 70, no. 2 (2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2015.70.42-46.

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Antifungal influence of essential oils of the following plants Cariophyllus aromaticus L., Foennicilum vulgare Mill., Lavandula anqustifolia Mill., Mentha piperita L., Melaleuca alternifolia Maid., Origanum vulgare L., Pelargonium roseum Wild., Thymus vulgaris L., and benzalconium chloride on black yeast-like fungi Exophiala alcalophila Goto et Sugiy was investigated. High level of the antifungal influence of plant oils of O. vulgare, Th. vulgaris, P. roseum and C. aromaticus was found with the usage of disc-diffusion method. The influence of plant essential oils mentioned is similar to influence of 3% benzalconium chloride. The following structural-functional reorganization of Exophiala alcalophila, i.e.: exchange of morphometric indices of cells, colony morphology, intensity of budding, dimorphous transition 'yeast-mycelium' were observed under influence of benzalconium chloride and plant essential oils of O. vulgare, Th. vulgaris, P. roseum and C. aromaticus. These exchanges illustrate wide adaptation possibilities of black yeast culture investigated.

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Singh, Shivom, Kajal Srivastava Rathore, and D. R. Khanna. "Impact of aqueous and organic extracts of Rhodobryum roseum on inhibition of fungal and bacterial growth." Environment Conservation Journal 21, no. 1&2 (June 10, 2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2020.211219.

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Mosses have been known for millennia and highly esteemed all over the world as the rich source of bioactive compounds. The research targets on evolution of microbicidal potentialities of Rhodobryum roseum (extract) used against selected fungus (X. oryzae pv oryzae, S. enteric, P. multocida and M. plutonius) and bacteria (R. solani, S. rolfsii, F. oxysporum and T. indica) to assay antimicrobial activity. Impact of aqueous and undertaken organic viz., ethanol, acetone, choloform, petroleum ether, methanol extract of R. roseum, at varied concentrations and at different time intervals were examined against the growth of bacteria and fungus. All the aqueous extracts were proved to be infective against all the tested pathogens. The antimicrobial potential of six extracts was screened against undertaken bacteria and fungi using micro broth dilution assay. Out of the six (diverse organic and aqueous) extract of R. roseum in ethanol and acetone showed maximum inhibitory activity in S. rolfsii with the MIC value of 5.00 (µg/ml), along with MFC value of 6.25 (µg/ml) in acetone extract and the value of MBC was recorded utmost in X. oryzae with value 3.00 (µg/ml) extracted in ethanol. Over all, the organic extract of R. roseum has potent antimicrobial activity and could be possible source of lead molecules considered for the future development of microbicidal agent.

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Teka, Nesrine, Fahad M. Alminderej, Ghada Souid, Yassine El-Ghoul, Didier Le Cerf, and Hatem Majdoub. "Characterization of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Allium roseum Leaves and Their Hepatoprotective Effects against Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Mouse Liver." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101866.

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Allium roseum is one of the medicinal plants of the Liliaceae family, widely used in the food industry and traditional medicine. It is known for its various biological properties, such as its antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The present work aims to extract the polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves and evaluate their antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects in vivo. Three polysaccharides from the leaves of Allium roseum were sequentially extracted in three media: water, chelating, and basic, respectively. They were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, FTIR-ATR, and NMR spectroscopy (1D and 2D). The different polysaccharides principally consist of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, and galacturonic acid. The antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of the extracts against Cd-caused oxidative stress in liver mouse were tested. Cd treatment, during 24 h, enhanced significantly lipid peroxidation by a high production of malondyaldehyd (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In contrast, catalase activity (CAT) was decreased after the same period of exposure to the metal. The polysaccharides pre-treatment improved the antioxidant defense system to a great degree, mainly explained by the modulating levels of oxydative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, and CAT). This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides, especially those extracted in aqueous medium, can be used as natural antioxidants with hepatoprotective properties.

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Negri, Genuino, Luiz Antônio Biasi, João Américo Wordell Filho, and Louise Larissa May-de Mio. "Manejo da queima das flores e da podridão-parda do pessegueiro cultivado em sistema orgânico." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, spe1 (October 2011): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000500054.

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O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de fosfitos, iodo, calda sulfocálcica e Trichothecium roseum no manejo da Queima das flores e da Podridão-Parda do pessegueiro, doenças causadas por Monilinia fructicola, nas cultivares Granada e Chimarrita, em cultivo orgânico. Os tratamentos foram: 1) calda sulfocálcica + iodo (aplicada na floração e na pré-colheita); 2) alternância entre calda sulfocálcica + iodo, fosfito de CaB e T. roseum (aplicados na floração) e Fosfito de K e T. roseum (aplicados na pré-colheita); 3) T. roseum (aplicado na floração e na pré-colheita); 4) testemunha. Os tratamentos foram paralisados uma semana antes do início da colheita. A doença foi quantificada pela incidência da doença nas fases de floração, de frutos verdes, de colheita e de pós-colheita. A incidência da doença na testemunha, na fase de floração, variou de 22 a 72%; nos frutos verdes, de 19 a 30%, e na colheita, de 18 a 61%. Todos os tratamentos reduziram a doença nas fases de floração e de frutos verdes, em ambas as cultivares, na ordem de 49 a 73% na floração e de 57 a 84% na fase de frutos verdes em relação à testemunha. Resultados significativos foram obtidos também em pós-colheita, na cultivar Granada, com reduções da doença em 54% no tratamento 1, e 30% no tratamento 2. Nenhum dos tratamentos foi eficiente na redução da incidência da doença na colheita.

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Nemtsova, Ye V., A. V. Harin, and I. A. Razlugo. "THE INFLUENCE OF SILICON DIOXIDE «KOVELOS-SORB» ON GROWTH CHARACHTERISTICS OF RHODODENDRON ROSEUM (LOISEL.) REHDER CULTIVATED IN VITRO." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-1/08.

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The article reveals a stimulating effect of synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide on growth parameters Rhododendron roseum (Loisel.) Rehder, propagating itself in vitro . The purpose of this study was to identify the optimum composition of culture medium on the basis of amorphous silica ‘Kovelos-Sorb’, used for clonal micropropagation of rhododendrons. It was established that it is preferable to add to Anderson culture medium 100 mg/L of amorphous silicon dioxide, which stimulated the growth of mericlone germs Rhododendron roseum (Loisel.) Rehder. In order to stimulate propagation and for receiving a vast amount of propagating material, it was optimal to use Anderson medium which contained 50 mg/L of amorphous silicon dioxide. For establishment of regenerative plants Rhododendron roseum (Loisel.) Rehder in vitro, it was optimal to use Anderson medium which contained synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide in amounts of 50-150 mg/L combined with indoleacetic acid in amounts of 1.5 mg/L.

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Bi, Y., S. P. Tian, Y. R. Guo, Y. H. Ge, and G. Z. Qin. "Sodium Silicate Reduces Postharvest Decay on Hami Melons: Induced Resistance and Fungistatic Effects." Plant Disease 90, no. 3 (March 2006): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0279.

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The effect of sodium silicate (Si) for control of decay was tested in Hami melons (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Jacq.). Si significantly inhibited mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium semitectum, and Trichothecium roseum in vitro. Si at 100 mM was more effective than Si at 25 or 50 mM at controlling the diseases caused by the three pathogens, whereas Si at 200 mM was phytotoxic. Si treatments applied at 100 mM pre-inoculation with T. roseum had lower decay incidence and severity than treatments applied post-inoculation. The protection of Si was correlated with the activation of two families of defense-related enzymes, peroxidase and chitinase. Accumulation of both enzymes was induced in fruit treated with Si and challenged by T. roseum 24 h later, and was sustained for at least 9 days in ‘New Queen’ and 10 days in ‘8601’ at room temperature. It appeared that induced resistance was an important mechanism of disease control in Hami melons treated with Si.

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Al-Heeti, M. B., and J. B. Sinclair. "Antagonism between Gliodadium roseum, Trichoderma harzianum, or Trichothecium roseum and Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glydnea." Mycopathologia 103, no. 3 (September 1988): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00436811.

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Saxena, Dinesh, Shivom Singh, and Kajal Srivastava. "Taxonomy of Rhodobryum from Kumaon and Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-vyv64l.

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The present study is focused on the distribution and taxonomy of beautiful rose moss Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. and Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Par. from Kumaon and Garhwal hills respectively. These species of moss Rhodobryum grows in the form of green rosette patches on soil of usually reasonable nutrient rich status. The moss species remains green in summer but devoid of moisture. It is also observed that seasonal environmental factors do not much influence distribution of R. roseum however R. giganteum found sensitive as evident by change in colour and its restricted distribution.

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Wachowska, Urszula. "Effect of glyphosate on the growth and sporulation of several fungi species grown in vitro." Acta Mycologica 33, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1998.015.

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Roundup herbicide tested in vitro showed fungistatic activity against Trichoderma hamatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Gliocladium roseum. The highest concentration of this herbicide in the medium reduced the growth of Microdochlum nivale colony, stimulating its plentiful sporulation at the same time. Under the same conditions, sporulation of Gliocladium roseum was inhibited and its conidiophors were deformed.

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Tardivo, Rosângela Capuano, and Armando Carlos Cervi. "O gênero Canistrum E. Morren (Bromeliaceae) no Estado do Paraná." Acta Botanica Brasilica 11, no. 2 (December 1997): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061997000200013.

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Este trabalho é um estudo taxonômico das espécies do gênero Canistrum no Estado do Paraná. Canistrum cyathiforme (Veil.) Mez e C. lindenii (Regei) Mez são as únicas espécies pertencentes ao gênero, encontradas na flora paranaense. C. lindenii está restrita a três variedades e quatro formas: C. lindenii (Regei) Mez var. lindenii f. lindenii; C. lindenii var. viride (E. Morren) Reitz f. magnum Reitz; C. lindenii var. roseum (E. Morren) L. B. Sm. f. humile Reitz e C. lindenii var. roseum í.procerum Reitz. São apresentadas chaves de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e distribuição geográfica dos táxons estudados.

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McAfee, B. J., M. Chan, S. Banerjee, and D. L. Brown. "Development of monoclonal-antibody-based immunobinding assays to detect growth of Gliocladiumroseum, a potential bioprotectant on unseasoned lumber." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-146.

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Gliocladiumroseum Bain 321U is a potential bioprotectant against sapwood stains for unseasoned western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes) lumber. An immunostaining method was developed to monitor spore germination and growth of G. roseum 321U on lumber during microcosm and field investigations. Spores, mycelium, or fungal extracts were immobilized on polyethersulfone or polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were then probed with the G. roseum monoclonal antibody (6A5), and the fungus was detected either by using a chromogenic substrate or by enhanced chemiluminescence.

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Fu, Shaobin, Qingfeng Meng, Junshan Yang, Jiajia Tu, and Di-An Sun. "Biocatalysis of ursolic acid by the fungus Gliocladium roseum CGMCC 3.3657 and resulting anti-HCV activity." RSC Advances 8, no. 29 (2018): 16400–16405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01217b.

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Balykina, Elena, Olga Ivanova, Larisa Yagodinskaya, Dmitry Korzh, and Tatiana Rybareva. "Microbiological and bacterial diseases of apple fruits during storage." BIO Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224707002.

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During storage, fruits are affected by a complex of pathogens, from which one pathogen of bacterial origin and 11 of fungal etiology have been isolated. It was determined that the treatment of apple fruits before dispatch for storage with fungicides with the following rates of application: Luna Tranquillity, SC –1.0 l/ha, Geox, WDG–0.4 kg /ha, Zato, WDG–0.15 kg /ha allows to save up to 98% of the crop yield. At the same time, the waste contained fruits with mechanical damage affected by the mold fungus Penicillium roseum LK. Biological efficacy of Luna Tranquillity, SC, Zato, WSG and combinations of these fungicides against Penicillum roseum LK. were at the level of 81-95%, no other diseases were detected in these variants. It was found that fungi were found on fruits treated with a combination of fungicides Topsin - M, WP–1.5 kg/ha in combination with Merpan, WP–2.5 kg/ha and Medea preparation, ME–1.0 l/ha; such fungi were Fusarium avenaceum (fr.) Sacc, Gloeosporium fructigenum Berk, Penicillum roseum LK.

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Jarmkom, Khemjira, Nakuntwalai Wisidsri, Pattaranut Eakwaropas, and Warachate Khobjai. "Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn." Applied Mechanics and Materials 886 (January 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.52.

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All parts of N. nucifera are used as oriental medicine for various medicinal purposes. The aimed of this study was to determine phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of different parts of three lotus (N. nucifera including of Roseum Plenum (RP), Album Plenum (AP), and Hindu Lotus (HL)). Total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and free radical scavenging activities using DPPH assay were determined. Three deferent parts of lotus (leaves, stem, and flower) were determined. The result indicated that Roseum Plenum leaf showed the highest total phenolic contents and Roseum Plenum flower showed the highest antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content of different part of different of N. nucifera showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). It also was not uniform when compare between different of N. Nucifera. The results found that the total phenolic content was the opposite of antioxidant activity. This result may be attributed to antioxidant activity may not be from phenolic content. Therefore, it is important to research and develop the potential of lotus extraction in the future.

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Song, H. C., W. Y. Shen, and J. Y. Dong. "Nematicidal metabolites from Gliocladium roseum YMF1.00133." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 52, no. 3 (May 2016): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683816030169.

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Li, Zu yi, and O. P. Ward. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid byThraustochytrium roseum." Journal of Industrial Microbiology 13, no. 4 (July 1994): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01569755.

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Ashraf, Nadia, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, and Abdul Hamid Wani. "First report of foliicolous fungus Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link on sweet cherry Prunus avium L. from Kashmir Valley." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 16 (2020): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071609.

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Cherry Prunus avium L. is an important cash crop of Kashmir Valley. Cherry leaves are attacked by number of foliicolous fungi which in turn reduce yield of crop. Severe leaf spots were observed on cherry leaves in an orchard of district Baramulla of Kashmir Valley. These spots were similar to those caused by Blumeriella jaapii but smaller in size. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using detached leaf technique. Re isolation of spores from inoculated leaves confirmed Trichothecium roseum as causative agent of purple leaf spot of cherry. This is the first report of Trichothecium roseum responsible for leaf spot of cherry in Kashmir Valley.

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Furgał-Węgrzycka, Helena. "The effect of culture filtrates of the saprophytic fungi isolated from peas and field peas roots and nodules on the growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum." Acta Mycologica 23, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1987.001.

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In the work the effect of culture filtrates of biotic series of 34 species of saprophytic fungi isolated from roots and root nodules of peas and field peas on the growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum was determined. The results obtained proved that the growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum was inhibited by culture filtrates of saprophytic fungi: Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, Cephalosporium roseum, Cylindrocarpon radicicola, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Glocladium roseum, Penicillium notatum, P. janthinellum, Trichoderma lignorum, and T. viride.

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Koka, Jahangir Abdullah, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Shazia Parveen, Mohammad Afaan Fazili, and Nusrat Ahmad. "Antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales), causal organism of fungal rot of Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Kashmir, India." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2019): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061211.

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Egg plant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is an important vegetable grown in Kashmir. It is attacked by number of fungal pathogens in storage and in the field. These fungi caused several fungal rot diseases resulting heavy losses to the growers. Therefore, present study was carried out to study the incidence and management of fungal rot of egg plant using some selected plant extracts. It was revealed from the study that Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) causing decaying of egg plant under storage. Study was also undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extract against Trichothecium roseum on inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth under in vitro conditions. It was observed from the results that amongst the plant extracts, plant extract of Ajuga bracteosa at highest concentration was found most effective against Trichothecium roseum and cause highest inhibition in the mycelial growth and spore germination followed by plant extract of Taraxicum officinale, Mentha arvensis and Iris kashmiriana at the same concentrations. Other concentrations of plant extracts also bought about significant reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination of the test fungus but to a lesser extent as compared to control.

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Hummel, Rita L., Marianne Elliott, Gary Chastagner, Robert E. Riley, Kathy Riley, and Annie DeBauw. "Nitrogen Fertility Influences Growth and Susceptibility of Rhododendrons to Phytophthora ramorum." HortScience 48, no. 5 (May 2013): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.5.601.

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Growth and susceptibility of evergreen Rhododendron ‘English Roseum’, ‘Cunningham’s White’, and ‘Compact P.J.M.’ to Phytophthora ramorum in response to biweekly nitrogen (N) fertilizer application at rates of 25, 75, and 150 mg N per 11.4-L container was evaluated during two growing seasons. At the end of both growing seasons, horticultural evaluation of the different plants showed that 150 mg N-fertilized cultivars had superior shoot growth, visual quality, leaf color, and the highest leaf N concentration, whereas the 25-mg N cultivars were inferior for these characteristics. Plants fertilized with the 75-mg N rate were typically intermediate to the 150- and 25-mg N plants for the measured characteristics. During the first growing season, the number of flower buds on ‘Cunningham’s White’ and ‘English Roseum’ was not influenced by N rate but the second season bud numbers increased with increasing N fertilizer. Foliar susceptibility to P. ramorum was influenced by N fertilizer application rates in the most susceptible cultivars, ‘English Roseum’ and ‘Cunningham’s White’, in which lesion size and infection frequency both increased at higher N rates. The results were variable in ‘Compact P.J.M.’, the most resistant cultivar.

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Inácio, C. A., R. C. Pereira-Carvalho, F. G. A. Morgado, M. E. N. Fonseca, and L. S. Boiteux. "A Tomato Fruit Rot Caused by Trichothecium roseum in Brazil." Plant Disease 95, no. 10 (October 2011): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0464.

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Fruit rots caused by distinct fungal pathogens are commonly observed on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) throughout all major production areas in Brazil. Samples of fruits displaying white mycelial growth associated with a profuse salmon-color sporulation were collected in greenhouse-grown tomatoes in Brasília-DF in February 2011. The isolated fungus displayed pink-to-white colonies containing several conidiophores with conidia. Mycelia displayed hyaline hyphae as much as 4 μm in diameter; conidiophores were simple or branched, 112 to 300 (360) μm long, and 2 to 4 μm wide. Conidia were produced in basipetal chains (frequently clustered), were ellipsoidal to pyriform with oblique and prominent truncate basal scars, two-celled, hyaline, and (14-) 16 to 26 (-28) × (6-) 7 to 10 (-12) μm. These characteristics allocated the specimen to Trichothecium roseum (Pers.). Koch's postulates were fulfilled for one fungal isolate by either spraying 10 intact fruits or by placing a drop of a spore suspension (adjusted to 105 conidia/ml) into three to five wounds created on 10 mature fruits of each of two tomato cultivars (Santa Clara and Dominador) by puncturing each fruit with a sterile needle. Five fruits of each cultivar were treated with sterile water as the mock-inoculated control treatment. Identical symptoms to those of the original fruit were observed only in the T. roseum-inoculated samples 5 to 7 days after using both inoculation procedures. Total DNA was extracted from a pure colony of the fungus growing on potato dextrose agar medium and used as template in PCR assays with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) and ITS-5 (5′-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3′) primer pair (2). A single amplicon of approximately 630 bp was observed and directly sequenced. Sequence analysis of the Brazilian isolate (GenBank No. JN081877) indicated identity levels of 99% with T. roseum isolates reported on Leucadendron xanthoconus in South Africa (GenBank No. EU552162) and isolates from strawberry fruits in South Korea (GenBank No. HM355750). However, phylogenetic analysis was unable to discriminate isolates of T. roseum from Passalora (GenBank No. EF432764) and Fusarium (GenBank No. GU183369) isolates, confirming the low genetic variability of the ITS region in Hypocreales (3). T. roseum has been reported to be infecting greenhouse tomatoes in the United States (4) and causing postharvest disease of tomatoes in Argentina (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. roseum infecting greenhouse tomatoes in Brazil. References: (1) G. Dal Bello. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 3:103, 2008. (2) N. L. Glass and G. C. Donaldson. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323, 1995. (3) L. Lombard et al. Stud. Mycol. 66:31, 2010. (4) A. W. Welch, Jr. et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 59:255, 1975.

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Fang, Yakun, Yanjie Zhou, Yu Xin, Yi Shi, Zitao Guo, Youran Li, Zhenghua Gu, Zhongyang Ding, Guiyang Shi, and Liang Zhang. "Preparation and characterization of a novel thermostable lipase from Thermomicrobium roseum." Catalysis Science & Technology 11, no. 22 (2021): 7386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy01486b.

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Hamid, M. I., M. Hussain, M. U. Ghazanfar, M. Raza, and X. Z. Liu. "Trichothecium roseum Causes Fruit Rot of Tomato, Orange, and Apple in Pakistan." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0051-pdn.

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During a field survey of greenhouses and fresh markets in 2013, fruits of tomato, oranges, and apples exhibited rot symptoms with white mycelial growth and salmon-color sporulation in the vicinity of Sargodha city (32°5′1″ N, 72°40′16″ E), Pakistan. Diseased fruit samples were collected in plastic bags and taken to laboratory on ice for further diagnosis. Diseased fruits were observed under a stereo microscope and single spores were removed using an inoculating needle. Isolation from single spores showed pink to white colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing hyaline, 2-celled, ellipsoid to pyriform conidia (17 to 24 × 7 to 11 μm) with slanting and truncate basal mark and produced in clusters. Conidiophores were branched (105 to 254 × 2 to 4 μm) and hyphae were hyaline (3 to 5 μm in diameter). These characteristics of the fungus were similar to Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) as reported by Inácio et al. (1). Genomic DNA was extracted by using CTAB buffer from a single pure colony of one isolate of the fungus and PCR analysis was performed for ITS region and part of the 5′ end of the beta tubulin (TUB) gene (2,3). Single fragments of 550 bp and 1.5 kb length from ITS and TUB gene were amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. KF975702 and KJ607590, respectively). Sequence analysis showed 99% similarity with T. roseum isolates from different regions of the world. Phylogenetic analysis (MEGA version 5.2 with WAG model) showed the close relatedness to the isolates of T. roseum from Pakistan and isolates from other parts of the world that revealed the low genetic variability of ITS region. TUB gene sequence analysis indicated 100% homology with isolates of T. roseum and to the other species in Hypocreales. Pathogenicity tests were performed on tomato cvs. Nova Mech and Rio Grande, orange cv. Kinnow, and on apple cv. Golden Delicious by inoculating five fruits from each cultivar. Spore suspensions (105 conidia/ml of sterilized distilled water) were inoculated into all wounded fruits (9 wounds/fruit) of each cultivar and incubated at 25°C for the development of symptoms. Five wounded fruits of each cultivar were inoculated with sterilized distilled water as a control treatment. The fruits were kept in plastic boxes and incubated in humid chambers for 5 days. The symptoms on apples were observed as brown rot with pinkish spores on rotted tissue. The cross section of apple fruits also showed the brown rotted tissues internally. The fungus developed mycelium and spores on the surface and caused severe rotting inside the tomato and citrus fruits. T. roseum was re-isolated by picking a single spore from rotted tissues of fruits under a stereo microscope, and culturing on PDA. The re-isolated fungus was confirmed morphologically and by molecular techniques. Tomato and apple has been reported as a host for T. roseum (1,4,5) but oranges have not. To our knowledge, this is the first record of T. roseum infecting tomato, oranges, and apples in Pakistan. References: (1) C. A. Inácio et al. Plant Dis. 95:1318. 2011. (2) K. O'Donnell, and E. Cigelnik. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103, 1997. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (4) Y. H. Yun et al. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 7:1128, 2013. (5) M. Žabka et al. Mycopathologia. 162:65, 2006.

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Zivkovic, Svetlana, S. Stojanovic, Z. Ivanovic, V. Gavrilovic, Tatjana Popovic, and Jelica Balaz. "Screening of antagonistic activity of microorganisms against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 3 (2010): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1003611z.

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The antagonistic activities of five biocontrol agents: Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium roseum, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces noursei and Streptomyces natalensis, were tested in vitro against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agents of anthracnose disease in fruit crops. The microbial antagonists inhibited mycelial growth in the dual culture assay and conidial germination of Colletotrichum isolates. The two Streptomyces species exhibited the strongest antagonism against isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. Microscopic examination showed that the most common mode of action was antibiosis. The results of this study identify T. harzianum, G. roseum, B. subtilis, S. natalensis and S. noursei as promising biological control agents for further testing against anthracnose disease in fruits. .

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Hugenholtz, Philip, and Erko Stackebrandt. "Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 2049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.03028-0.

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Sphaerobacter thermophilus was originally classified as the deepest branching member of the phylum Actinobacteria (high-G+C, Gram-positive bacteria) based on 16S rRNA gene comparative analysis. However, the analysis lacked suitable outgroups, and additional 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that it is most closely related to Thermomicrobium roseum, which it also resembles phenotypically. Furthermore, both species are reproducibly affiliated with the phylum Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur bacteria), despite T. roseum currently being classified in its own phylum, the Thermomicrobia. Transfer of Sphaerobacter to the class Thermomicrobia, and transfer of the class Thermomicrobia to the phylum Chloroflexi, are proposed. Descriptions for the phylum Chloroflexi and the class Thermomicrobia are emended to reflect the proposed changes in classification.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Roseum'

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