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Shuttleworth, W. A. "Biodegradation of polycaprolactone polyurethane by Gliocladium roseum." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380772.
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Blain, François 1964. "Phytotoxicity and pathogenicity of Fusarium roseum against red clover." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61848.
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Meier, Rose-Marie A. Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "Isolation and identification of minor metabolities from Fusarium roseum (ATCC 28115)." Ottawa, 1985.
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Barreto, Adolph Annderson Gonçalves Costa. "Caracterização físico-química, modelagem molecular e investigação da ação da lectina CRLII em processos inflamatórios e do potencial antitumoral das lectinas CRLI e CRLII." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/26728.
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BARRETO, Adolph Annderson Gonçalves Costa. Caracterização físico-química, modelagem molecular e investigação da ação da lectina CRLII em processos inflamatórios e do potencial antitumoral das lectinas CRLII e CRLI. 2016. 99 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.Submitted by Coordenação PPGBiotec (ppgbiotec@ufc.br) on 2017-10-18T12:47:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_aagcbarreto.pdf: 6699208 bytes, checksum: 15f062b568f2fcf87079dca7464af5ff (MD5)
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Lectins are proteins of non-immune origin that have at least one non-catalytic site capable of recognizing carbohydrates in a specific and reversible manner without altering the structure of these molecules. These proteins are widely distributed in nature being found in microorganisms, invertebrate and vertebrate animals and in plants. In vegetables, lectins may be present in roots, stems, leaves, fruits and in seeds, where they are generally expressed in higher concentration. The most studied vegetable lectins are those found in the legume family in which is worth mentioning the subtribe Diocleineae, whose lectins present a peculiar post-translational processing, is characterized by an alpha chain formed by the junction and inversion of the beta and gamma fragments. The literature reports many biotechnological applications for different plant lectins, for example antimicrobial activity, antidepressive, pro and anti-inflammatory, induction of proliferation and cell death, anticancer activity among others. It is important to note that, although lectins are extremely structurally related, they behave very differently when compared in terms of potency in the evaluation of a given biological activity. In this way, investigating new lectins and their biotechnological potential is of enormous value in the discovery of new tools that can be used in different biological models, in the diagnosis and/or therapeutics in the various diseases that afflict human, vegetal and animal health. In this context, this work aimed to characterize physicochemically, to determine the three-dimensional structure and to evaluate the proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and antiglioma activities of the specific lectin lactose Cymbosema roseum (CRLII), as well as to evaluate the antiglioma activity of the lectin specific mannose of Cymbosema roseum (CRLI) isolated from this plant seeds. CRLII presented optimum hemagglutinating activity (A.H.) in buffer solution with pH between 6 and 8, thermostability up to 40 ° C and the three-dimensional modeled structure presented similarity with the lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa (VML). Regarding the biotechnological potential in inflammation, CRLII showed anti-inflammatory activity via carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) showing greater effect in the fourth hour. CRLII did not present pro-inflammatory activity. In tests on C6 lineage of Rattus norvegicus glioma cells, CRLII showed no ability to reduce viability, migration or cause changes in morphology and physiology in the cells tested, unlike CRLI which reduced the viability and migration of C6 lineage of Rattus norvegicus glioma cells line evidencing necrosis and apoptosis as mechanisms of cell death. New investigations must be carried out in order to better explain these effects and to establish structure / function correlations.
Lectinas são proteínas de origem não-imune que possuem pelo menos um sítio não catalítico capaz de reconhecer carboidratos de forma específica e reversível sem alterar a estrutura dessas moléculas. Essas proteínas estão vastamente distribuídas na natureza sendo encontradas em micro--organismos, animais invertebrados e vertebrados e em plantas. Em vegetais, as lectinas podem estar presentes em raízes, caules, folhas, frutos e sementes, onde são geralmente expressas em maior concentração. As lectinas vegetais mais bem estudadas são aquelas encontradas na família das leguminosas, merecendo destaque a subtribo Diocleineae, cujas lectinas apresentam um processamento pós-traducional peculiar, caracterizado por uma cadeia alfa formada pela junção e inversão dos fragmentos beta e gama. A literatura relata muitas aplicações biotecnológicas para diferentes lectinas vegetais, por exemplo atividade antimicrobiana, antidepressiva, pró e antiinflamatória, indução de proliferação e morte celular, atividade anticancerígena, dentre outras. É importante ressaltar que, embora existam lectinas extremamente relacionadas estruturalmente, elas se comportam de maneira muito diferente quando comparadas em termos de potência na avaliação de uma dada atividade biológica. Dessa forma, investigar novas lectinas e seu potencial biotecnológico é de enorme valia no que diz respeito à descoberta de novas ferramentas que possam ser utilizados em diferentes modelos biológicos, no diagnóstico e/ou terapêutica nas diversas enfermidades que afligem a saúde humana, vegetal e animal. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar físico-quimicamente, determinar a estrutura tridimensional e avaliar as atividades pró-inflamatória, anti-inflamatória e antiglioma da lectina lactose específica Cymbosema roseum (CRLII), bem como, avaliar a atividade antiglioma da lectina manose específica de Cymbosema roseum (CRLI) purificadas a partir das sementes dessa planta. CRLII apresentou atividade hemaglutinante (A.H.) ótima em solução tampão com pH entre 6 e 8, termoestabilidade até 40◦C e estrutura tridimensional modelada apresentou semelhança com a lectina de Vatairea macrocarpa (VML). Quanto ao potencial biotecnológico em inflamação, CRLII apresentou atividade anti-inflamatória via sítio de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRD) mostrando maior efeito na quarta hora. CRLII não apresentou atividade pró-inflamatória. Nos testes em células de glioma de Rattus norvegicus da linhagem C6, CRLII não demonstrou capacidade de reduzir a viabilidade, a migração ou causar alterações na morfologia e fisiologia nas células testadas, ao contrário de CRLI que reduziu a viabilidade e migração das células de glioma de Rattus norvegicus da linhagem C6 evidenciando necrose e apoptose como mecanismos de morte celular. Novas investigações devem ser realizadas a fim de melhor explicar esses efeitos e de se estabelecer correlações estrutura/função.
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Neto, Ito Liberato Barroso. "Aspectos estruturais do efeito vasorelaxante de lectinas de leguminosas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12720.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorAs lectinas sÃo proteÃnas multiativas que apresentam pelo menos um sÃtio capaz de reconhecer de maneira reversÃvel carboidratos especÃficos sem modificÃ-los. A famÃlia das lectinas de leguminosas representa o grupo desta classe proteica mais bem estudada, em especial destaque a subtribo Diocleinae. As lectinas de Diocleinae apresentam um alto grau de similaridade estrutural, porÃm o mesmo nÃo se observa quanto Ãs atividades biolÃgicas. Esta variabilidade reside em detalhes que podem ser analisados em estudos baseados em estruturas. A sequÃncia primÃria da lectina de C. grandiflora (ConGF) apresenta grande similaridade com lectinas do mesmo gÃnero, porÃm concentra o maior nÃmero de mutaÃÃes representativas do gÃnero Dioclea, caracterizando-o como o subgÃnero de Canavalia mais prÃximo de Dioclea, e dentre as canavalias à a mais primitiva. A ConGF apresentou efeito relaxante em mÃsculo liso de aortas de ratos endotelizadas, no entanto, os efeitos mostram-se fracos frente a outras lectinas de Diocleinae. A justificativa para este fato nÃo reside em uma baixa similaridade estrutural, mas em pequenas mudanÃas na orientaÃÃo de aminoÃcidos-chave, que se tornam responsÃveis pela diversidade na aÃÃo biolÃgica apresentada aqui, como deve ocorrer em outros fenÃmenos elicitados por lectinas. Para a lectina de Cymbosema roseum (CRLI), alÃm de avaliado o efeito relaxante, foi observado o papel do cÃlcio extracelular nesta atividade. Surpreendentemente, o cÃlcio nÃo foi definitivo para determinar o mecanismo de CRLI como dependente ou independente deste Ãon. Nossa investigaÃÃo permitiu a formulaÃÃo de uma hipÃtese em que esta lectina apresenta um duplo mecanismo de ativaÃÃo da Ãxido nÃtrico sintetase endotelial (eNOS). A primeira via à baseada em um receptor especÃfico na membrana do endotÃlio capaz de ativar a eNOS atravÃs da calmodulina. A segunda via à baseada na habilidade de ligaÃÃo de CRLI ao heparano sulfato do glicocÃlice em um sÃtio diferente do CRD demonstrada por docking molecular, o que justifica a ativaÃÃo mecÃnica da eNOS. Este proteoglicano à o principal candidato a mecanoreceptor da tensÃo de cisalhamento, principal fenÃmeno da manutenÃÃo do tÃnus vascular pela produÃÃo de NO. Dentre as proteÃnas de Diocleinae, foi ainda avaliada uma lectina do gÃnero Dioclea. D. sclerocarpa apresentou, como as outras lectinas deste trabalho, a habilidade de relaxar mÃsculos lisos de aortas. FenÃmeno que ocorreu com a dependÃncia do endotÃlio via produÃÃo de Ãxido nÃtrico e com a participaÃÃo do CRD de DSL. Tanto seu efeito como sua estrutura apresentam alto grau de semelhanÃa com lectinas do mesmo gÃnero e um conjuntos de caracterÃsticas corrobora para seu baixo efeito relaxante. DSL apresenta um desenho de CRD pouco favorÃvel para esta atividade e, alÃm disso, a presenÃa de um glutamato na posiÃÃo 205 demonstrou ser um fator determinante na regulaÃÃo desta atividade. Este resÃduo modula negativamente a capacidade relaxante frente a lectinas que do mesmo gÃnero que possuem um resÃduo de aspartato nesta mesma posiÃÃo.
Lectins are multiactive proteins that have at least one domain capable of recognizing specific carbohydrates reversibly without changing them. The legume lectin family is a group of this protein class further studied, in particular highlighted the subtribe Diocleinae. These lectins have a high degree of structural similarity, but it does not follow the biological activities. This variability must reside in details, small differences that can be analyzed in studies based in structures. The primary sequence of C. grandiflora lectin (ConGF) shows great similarity with lectins of the same genus, but it has the largest number of mutations representative of the genus Dioclea, characterizing it as the Canavalia subgenus closest to Dioclea, and it is the most primitive among the canavalias. ConGF presented relaxing effect on smooth muscles of endothelial aortas of rats; however, the effects are weak against other Diocleinae lectins. The justification for this does not lie in a low structural similarity but in small changes in the orientation of key amino acids residues, which become responsible for biological diversity in action presented here, as required in other phenomena elicited by lectins. For Cymbosema roseum lectin (CRLI), the relaxing effect was also evaluated and the role of extracellular calcium was observed for this activity. Surprisingly, the calcium was not definitive for determining CRLI mechanism as dependent or independent of calcium ions. Our research has led to the construction of a theory which this lectin has dual mechanism of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation. The first path is based on a specific membrane endothelial receptor able to activate eNOS by calmodulin. The second path relies on the ability of CRLI binding to the glycocalyx heparano sulfate at a domain different from the CRD demonstrated by molecular docking, which explain mechanical activation of eNOS. This proteoglycan is the main mechanoreceptor candidate of shear stress and this phenomenon is the major agent of maintenance of vascular tone by NO production. A lectin from gender Dioclea was also evaluated to increase the range of legume proteins tested. As other lectins of this work, D. sclerocarpa presented the ability to relax smooth muscle of the aorta dependent on the endothelium nitric oxide production. Both its effect and its structure have a high degree of similarity with lectins of the same genus. A feature set corroborates with its low relaxant effect. DSL has a CRD design less favorable for this activity. In addition, the presence of a glutamate at position 205 proved to be a decisive factor in the activity regulation and it negatively modulates Dioclea lectins relaxant effect.
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Carvalho, Remulo Araujo. "Effect of microclimate on biological control of grey mould, Botrytis cinerea, by Gliocladium roseum in strawberries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33215.pdf.
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Constabel, Eva Caroline. "In vitro selection of red clover for resistance to Fusarium roseum L. and evaluation of regenerated plants." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61957.
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Courtade, Anne. "Étude des interactions plante / micro-organismes dans le modèle maïs - Pseudomonas fluorescens M. 3. 1. - Fusarium roseum." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL022N.
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L’étude du modèle maïs (Zea mays l. ) - Pseudomonas fluorescens M. 3. 1. - Fusarium roseum a été réalisée afin d'évaluer la capacité de la bactérie, non seulement à limiter l'effet pathogène du champignon, mais aussi à stimuler la croissance du maïs. Pseudomonas fluorescens M. 3. 1. Produit in vitro de l'acide indole 3-acétique (AIA), des composés solubilisant les phosphates inorganiques, des sidérophores de type pyoverdine, de l'acide cyanhydrique (HCN) et du 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). Par des cultures sur milieu gélose, nous montrons d'une part que la bactérie limite la croissance mycélienne de Fusarium roseum et d'autre part que la production d'HCN ou la présence de DAPG extrait de surnageant de cultures bactériennes ont aussi un effet inhibiteur sur le champignon. Par ailleurs, des dénombrements bactériens et des marquages au 14C réalisés lors de cultures hydroponiques indiquent que les exsudats racinaires du maïs sont consommés par la bactérie. Nous montrons aussi qu'elle produit du DAPG lors de cultures dans un milieu contenant des exsudats racinaires concentrés. La colonisation racinaire a été évaluée par technique ELISA. Pseudomonas fluorescens M. 3. 1. Colonisé de manière homogène le rhizoplan et l'endorhizosphère de la racine séminale principale et ceci plus intensément qu'une autre souche de Pseudomonas fluorescens isolée de la rhizosphère de la tomate. Lors de la co-inoculation des 2 souches, la colonisation par la souche M. 3. 1. Est stimulée. En présence de la bactérie, l'exsudation racinaire tend à être stimulée. La mesure de la masse de matière sèche des différents organes des plants de maïs âgés de 10 jours fait ressortir un effet variable de l'inoculation. Néanmoins, après 19 jours de culture, les racines sont plus fines quand elles se sont développées en présence de Pseudomonas fluorescens m. 3. 1. Dans ce cas, la co-inoculation avec Fusarium roseum permet de compenser la diminution de ramification due à la présence de l'agent pathogène
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Ceschi, Berrini Cristina. "Comunità fungina dei suoli agrari. Confronto tra due sistemi di conduzione: biologico e convenzionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421730.
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Conventional farming using chemical fertilizers and pesticides improved the productivity of crops but caused a decline in soil fertility, an increase in environmental load and the present of pesticide residues in food. Concerns over environmental conservation and consumers perceptions about the safety of public health require the development of organic farming.
In agricultural soil, fungi are critical to the maintenance of soil function because their involvement in key processes as: soil structure formation, nutrient cycling, decomposition of organic matter, plant growth promotion, induction of plant resistance.
In contrast, other fungi are known to comprise some of the economically most serious plant pathogens especially Fusarium and Aspergillus genus.
The aim of this work was to compare the structure of soil fungal communities from organic and conventional management. A particular attention was focused on the mycotoxigenic species and their potential antagonists as Trichoderma and Gliocladium. The employment of this microorganisms to control Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of wheat appears to be one of the most interesting and promising.
FHB can be caused by different pathogens and the most important is Fusarium graminearum, which can strongly reduce the yield and produce mycotoxins.
Fungal community were investigated in relation to season, years, site sampling, crop rotation and system management. Mycological cultures allowed the isolation of 99 taxa. Altough the community structure was not statistically affected by different factors considered, 21 taxa were detected only in organic system and 7 taxa were found only in conventional system.
MPN analysis results showed that Trichoderma, Fusarium and Aspergillus genus were not significantly affected by different factors. Gliocladium inoculum instead were significantly higher in organic management compared to the conventional one.
Eight G. roseum strains isolated from soil samples were screened in dual culture bioassays. Results show that in pathogen-antagonist interactions some F. graminearum are inhibited by G. roseum but none of selected antagonists suppress all tested F. graminearum strains. The only three G. roseum strains shown a minimal inhibitory activity against F. graminearum, were tested against F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides.
In this test, G. roseum always reduced the pathogen growth with decreases from 15 to 45% according to strains. G. roseum strains isolated from soil and selected for inhibition tests are scarcely able to carry out biocontrol against F. graminearum but are able to slow the development of others phytopathogenic Fusarium, showing a good biocontrol activity.
In summary, our investigation based on 3-years management systems confirm what reported in literature. Soil fungal community was characterized by an elevated homeostasis and short-time effects of different soil managements can be very low.
The fungal community structure observed regardless the “biological” value of species was not statistically different between organic and conventional but the organic management was characterized by a higher number of species than conventional.
However, it has to be taken into account that the conversion of organic management was made only few years before this study was started. Therefore, the change in fungal community might be a first indicator of shifts in the community to occur some years after the change in agricultural management.L'utilizzo in agricoltura convenzionale di fertilizzanti chimici e pesticidi ha migliorato la produttività delle colture, ma ha causato un declino nella fertilità del suolo, un aumento del carico ambientale e la presenza di residui di pesticidi negli alimenti. La crescente sensibilità dell’opinione pubblica nei confronti della tutela dell’ambiente, lo sviluppo di popolazioni di organismi patogeni resistenti ai fitofarmaci, la revoca dell’autorizzazione all’impiego di alcuni composti chimici e non ultima, la sempre più crescente attenzione da parte di produttori e consumatori alla salubrità dei prodotti alimentari, ha stimolato la ricerca di strategie alternative da utilizzare per un’agricoltura sostenibile. Negli agrosistemi i funghi sono fondamentali per il mantenimento della funzione del terreno, per il loro coinvolgimento nei processi chiave quali la formazione della struttura del suolo, il ciclo dei nutrienti, la decomposizione della materia organica, etc. Contrariamente, altri funghi sono conosciuti come patogeni delle colture da reddito. Tra questi, il genere Fusarium comprende specie responsabili di alcune patologie dei cereali come l' FHB (Fusarium head blight) nel frumento, che nel territorio nazionale è causata per lo più da Fusarium graminearum e i marciumi rosa e rossi (Pink and Red ear rot) nel mais. Tali malattie sono importanti non solo per la perdita in resa e qualità dei raccolti ma anche per la loro contaminazione da micotossine che determina una riduzione nella sicurezza degli alimenti destinati al consumo umano ed animale. Poiché la” driving force” di Fusarium è spesso rappresentata dall'inoculo del patogeno nel terreno, la gestione della comunità fungina del suolo potrebbe offrire una strategia utile alla riduzione di tali patologie. Anche se alcuni generi di funghi sono intensamente studiati, la struttura delle comunità fungine dei suoli agrari è spesso poco nota. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di confrontare la struttura delle comunità fungine di suoli sottoposti a differenti sistemi di conduzione (biologico e convenzionale) in due aziende del Veneto. Le comunità fungine sono state indagate in relazione al tipo di conduzione, rotazione colturale, sito di campionamento, stagione e anno di raccolta. Una particolare attenzione è stata inoltre rivolta ai patogeni micotossigeni e ai loro potenziali agenti di biocontrollo appartenenti ai generi Trichoderma e Gliocladium. La protezione delle colture contro gli agenti patogeni, parassiti ed erbe infestanti, è una fase della produzione agricola in cui gli input chimici sono ancora abbastanza elevati. Un contributo alla riduzione di tali input potrebbe provenire dall’impiego di microrganismi con spiccate caratteristiche di antagonismo verso i patogeni, adatti a svilupparsi nel suolo, nel rispetto del naturale equilibrio biologico. La coltura micologica ha permesso l'isolamento di 99 taxa. Sebbene la struttura della comunità fungina, statisticamente non sia risultata influenzata dai diversi fattori considerati, 21 taxa sono stati rilevati esclusivamente nel sistema organico e 7 nel sistema convenzionale. Anche per le abbondanze dei generi Trichoderma, Fusarium e Aspergillus non state riscontrate differenze statisticamente significative mentre per il genere Gliocladium le abbondanze sono risultate significativamente più elevate nella conduzione biologica rispetto a quella convenzionale. Otto ceppi di G. roseum isolati dal suolo nel corso della sperimentazione, sono stati saggiati in colture duali per la loro capacità di inibizione della crescita di Fusarium graminearum e di altri Fusaria micotossigeni. I risultati mostrano come nelle interazioni patogeno-antagonista alcuni ceppi di F. graminearum siano risultati inibiti da G. roseum mentre per altri la crescita è stata promossa (rispetto al controllo). Nessuno dei ceppi di G. roseum da noi selezionati ha presentato un'azione antagonista nei confronti di tutti i ceppi di F. graminearum Tra tutti i ceppi di G. roseum saggiati contro F. graminearum, i tre ceppi che hanno manifestato una seppur minima attività inibitoria e che sono risultati anche i meno sensibili all'inibizione da parte del patogeno, sono stati testati contro: F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. culmorum e F. sporotrichioides. In questo caso, tutti i G. roseum sono riusciti a contenere lo sviluppo del patogeno con diminuzioni dal 15 al 45% ceppo dipendente, candidandosi come buoni agenti di biocontrollo. In conclusione il nostro studio condotto nell'arco di 3 anni sostanzialmente conferma quanto riportato in letteratura a riguardo dell’omeostasi delle comunità fungine del suolo. Anche se dal confronto tra la struttura delle comunità fungine dei due sistemi considerati non si sono riscontrate differenze statisticamente significative, la conduzione di tipo biologico è stata caratterizzata da una maggior ricchezza in specie e per il genere Gliocladium, da abbondanze più elevate. Tuttavia, è da prendere in considerazione che la conversione alla conduzione organica è stata effettuata solo pochi anni prima che questo studio fosse avviato. Pertanto, le variazione rilevate nella struttura della comunità fungina potrebbero costituire un primo indicatore di cambiamento
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Horan, Imelda. "Tissue culture of roses and its application to rose breeding." Thesis, University of East London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239147.
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Cressey, Emily R. "The conservation genetics of a newly recognised Cape Peninsula endemic Rose's Mountain toad (Capensibufo rosei)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12086.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Declines and losses of amphibian populations are a global problem involving a complexity of interacting causes. Regardless of the fact that amphibians in Africa are among those predicted to be hit the hardest by anthropogenic global change, many species remain poorly studied. Capensibufo rosei, Rose's Mountain Toad, is a restricted range species that survives in a few small, isolated montane populations in the extreme south-western Cape of South Africa. A recent study of the genus revealed that C. rosei may in fact comprise several cryptic species, with a distinctive lineage potentially being confined to the Cape Peninsula. I test the hypothesis that breeding sites on the Peninsula form a single genetic lineage, but are distinct at a population level due to limited dispersal abilities and little if any gene flow.
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Bradley, Lucy, and MaryLou Coffman. "Rose Care in the Low Desert." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144749.
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Korban, Martine. "The effects of mechanically induced stress on in vivo and in vitro roses /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61238.
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Protocols for the successful micropropagation of 'Queen Elizabeth' ('Q.E.') and 'Dick Koster' ('D.K.') roses were established, yielding a seven-ten fold multiplication rate per month. The effects of mechanically induced stress (MIS) (shaking stress) were evaluated on early establishment of greenhouse-grown 'Q.E.' and 'D.K.' rose cuttings and the ex vitro survival and hardiness of micropropagated 'Q.E.' plantlets. Shaking 'Q.E.' rose cuttings at 200 rpm for 30 min daily for 4 weeks during the rooting stage increased root length, dry weight and the root:shoot dry weight ratio. Similar shaking of 'D.K.' rose at 200 rpm for 15 min increased shoot fresh and dry weight and root length and dry weight. Prior to ex vitro acclimatization, plantlets shaken at 150 rpm for 15 min had reduced leaf dry weights. Those shaken at 200 rpm for 15 min had lower specific root water content but greater percent root dry matter. MIS was not directly implicated in improving ex vitro survival and hardiness of 'Q.E.' rose. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dominguez, Gricel. "More than roses : the journey toward selfhood in Beauty, Rose Daughter, and Beast." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3075.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the implications of selfhood in three retellings of the "Beauty and the Beast" story-Robin McKinley's Beauty and Rose Daughter, and Donna Jo Napoli's Beast-analyzing those factors that affected each protagonist's understanding of the self, how these challenged or aided them in their journey towards self-actualization, and how a sense of personal gratification represented the true reward at the end of the ordeal.
My analysis was informed by the Jungian concept of the Self as the goal of individuation, and Joseph Campbell's model of the hero's journey. As such, I found that these retellings illustrated the hero's journey as a representation of the process of individuation and the benefits to be gained by reaching this state of wholeness.
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Prior, Antje Maria. "Struktur und Funktion einer pflanzlichen Adenosin-5'-Phosphosulfat-Reduktase aus Catharanthus roseus (L.)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959513779.
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Deville, Anne-Sophie. "Besoins énergétiques et distribution spatiale du Flamant rose (Phoenicopterus roseus) dans les salins de Camargue, conséquences de la reconversion du site pour la conservation de l’espèce." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20270.
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Comprendre et prédire l'impact des changements d'affectation des terres sur les espèces est fondamental pour réduire les effets négatifs sur la biodiversité. L'exploitation du sel de mer, menée dans des salins, a contribué à façonner des écosystèmes anthropisés abritant souvent une biodiversité remarquable. C'est notamment le cas de l'emblématique flamant rose (Phoenicopterus roseus) dans le bassin méditerranéen, les salins lui offrant à la fois des zones d'alimentation et de reproduction. Cependant, l'industrie salinière est aujourd'hui en profonde mutation. En Camargue (Sud de la France), les salins de Giraud, qui abritent l'unique site français de reproduction du flamant rose, ont récemment cessé leur production sur près de la moitié de la surface et la partie restante pourrait être convertie en vue d'autres activités. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre et de prédire les impacts de ces changements sur la population nicheuse de flamants roses en utilisant un modèle mécaniste individu-centré. Ce modèle requiert notamment trois paramètres fondamentaux dont la détermination a structuré ce travail: i) l'efficacité d'ingestion du flamant en fonction de la densité et du type de proies, ii) les besoins énergétiques de l'espèce et iii) les facteurs environnementaux autres que la disponibilité alimentaire affectant la distribution des flamants dans les salins. Nos résultats mettent en évidence i) l'importance des proies présentes dans la colonne d'eau (e.g. Artemia spp), plus faciles à filtrer que celles contenues dans le sédiment (e.g. larves de chironomes), ii) une préférence pour les étangs de salinité basse et moyenne (<150 g.l-1) et de forme géométrique simple (i.e. circulaire), iv) une plus grande sensibilité des mâles à une diminution de la ressource alimentaire dans les salins en raison de leurs besoins énergétiques plus élevés. Ces résultats ont permis de paramétrer un modèle mécaniste individu-centré qui offre un outil d'aide à la décision flexible pour penser et discuter du futur de la gestion des salins de Giraud. Nous encourageons l'utilisation de ce type d'outils prédictifs pour anticiper les effets des changements d'habitat sur la biodiversité et proposons des éléments de réflexion quant aux méthodes à employer pour anticiper ces impactsUnderstanding and predicting the consequences of land-use changes on species are essential to decrease the negative effects on biodiversity. Salt harvesting in commercial saltpans shaped anthropogenic habitats harboring a typical biodiversity. This is particularly true for the emblematic Greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) in the Mediterranean basin, saltpans offering foraging and nesting sites to this species. Nevertheless, the saltpans industry currently undergoes profound changes. In the Camargue (southern France), the saltpans of Salin-de-Giraud, which hold the unique French breeding site of the Greater flamingo, recently ceased their activity over half of the surface. The remaining part could be used for other industrial activities. Here, we aim at understanding and predicting the impacts of these changes on the breeding flamingo population, using an individual-based mechanistic model. This model needs three key parameters, the determination of which structured this work: i) the flamingo' efficiency to ingest food in function of the type and the density of prey, ii) flamingo energy requirements, iii) others environmental factors than food resources explaining flamingos' distribution in the saltpans. Our results show i) the importance of prey in the water column (e.g. Artemia spp.), easier to filter for flamingos comparing to prey in the sediment, ii) a flamingo preference for simple shaped ponds (i.e. circular) with low and medium salinity (<150 g.l-1), iii) a higher sensitivity of males to a decrease of food resources due to their higher energy requirements comparing to females. This study allowed implementing an individual-based mechanistic model providing a decision-making tool to discuss the future management of the saltpans of Salin-de-Giraud. Our study argues in favour of further use and development of this type of predictive tool to anticipate the effects of land-use changes on biodiversity. We also open up perspectives about the methods available to anticipate these impacts
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Becker, Francois Stephanus. "Searching for answers to the silent decline: first estimates of survival and recruitment for the critically endangered Rose's mountain toadlet, Capensibufo rosei." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12721.
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Includes bibliographical references.Capensibufo rosei, a critically endangered bufonid found only within Table Mountain National Park, has shown a silent decline over recent decades, despite being found within a protected area with apparently pristine habitat. I estimated the first survival and recruitment rates for the species, using Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) methods, over a 7-year period, in order to identify demographic trends over time. I also used covariate models to test whether any observed trends in these demographic parameters were significantly related to variation in rainfall or drought-stress. I found some evidence for an extreme rainfall-induced life-history plasticity, with both survival and recruitment rates covarying closely with rainfall parameters. Although recruitment rate showed a positive relationship with rainfall, the relationship between survival rate and rainfall, specifically during the start of breeding, was negative, with breeding season rainfall explaining 94% of the variability in survival rate over time. I also found evidence to suggest that higher adult survival during poorer breeding rainfall years may be a natural population buffering mechanism to a highly variable microclimate, and that variable rainfall during the start of the breeding season may elicit a variable response in breeding investment by adults. Finally, I found evidence to suggest that the population is small, range-restricted and highly unstable, and that disturbances at the breeding site during good breeding years may cause the population to crash.
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Klingelschmitt, Céline. "Deux roses à parfum : "Rosa centifolia" (Linn.) et "Rosa damascena" (Mill.) et leurs utilisations." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA3320.
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McCoy, Elizabeth Ann Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Substrate analogs to investigate alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46650.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Terpene indole alkaloids are a class of natural products produced by plants, many of which are used clinically for the treatment of human disease. Natural products, are not produced by the organism for the purpose of treating human disease and often tailoring of the natural product scaffold results in drugs with improved properties. Precursor directed biosynthesis (PDB) describes the inclusion of biosynthetic precursor analogs in the growth media of a producing organism for the production of secondary metabolite derivatives derived from these exogenous precursors. These studies examine precursor directed biosynthesis of alkaloid analogs in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots and seedlings. All terpene indole alkaloids are derived from tryptamine and secologanin, which are coupled to form strictosidine by the enzyme strictosidine synthase (STR). Analysis of the tryptamine substrate specificity of strictosidine synthase (STR) revealed a subset of tryptamine analogs which were converted to the corresponding strictosidine analogs. The strictosidine analogs generated were processed by the next enzyme in the pathway strictosidine-p-glucosidase (SGD). With a set of accepted tryptamine substrates in hand, the precursor analogs were fed to C. roseus cultures for the production and identification of novel alkaloids produced by precursor directed biosynthesis. Representative alkaloid analogs for the major C. roseus alkaloids were produced and isolated from C. roseus cultures. The specific alkaloid analogs produced depends on the position of the modification on the tryptamine and the steric and electronic properties of the substitution. Detailed alkaloid metabolite analysis revealed bottlenecks for the production of specific alkaloids, representing the substrate specificity of enzymes which have not been examined on an enzymatic or genetic level. Furthermore, since the enzymes catalyzing the late steps in the biosynthesis of alkaloids are not known, photo-reactive tryptamine analogs and secologanin analogs containing a bio-orthogonal tag were combined to form a bifunctional probe, used to label and identify C. roseus biosynthetic enzymes in cell free extracts. The probe labeled several enzymes with the proposed biological activity necessary for the bio-transformations catalyzed in vivo.
by Elizabeth Ann McCoy.
Ph.D.
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Yerkes, Nancy (Nancy Mary). "Purification and substrate specificity of new C. roseus enzymes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62061.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2010.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) are a class of natural products produced in plants. Many TIAs have medicinal uses; for example, vinblastine has anti-cancer activity and ajmaline has anti-arrhythmic activity. Many TIAs did not evolve to treat human disease, however, and thus most likely do not have optimal pharmacological properties. If TIAs could be modified, the novel TIAs produced could have improved bioactivities when compared with the unmodified natural TIAs. Unfortunately, the immense structural complexity of TIAs makes cost-effective industrial-scale synthesis of the majority of TIAs and TIA analogs unfeasible. Industrial-scale production of TIAs would be improved if TIAs could be produced via reconstitution of the enzymatic pathways in a heterologous organism such as yeast. However, many of the enzymes involved in TIA biosynthesis are unknown, thereby precluding these efforts. If more TIA biosynthetic enzymes were isolated, and the substrate specificity of the enzymes were known, both natural and novel TIA analogs could be more readily produced on an industrial scale. In this thesis I developed strategies to isolate new C. roseus enzymes and to make novel analogs of the anti-hypertensive agent ajmalicine and the anti-neoplastic agent isositsirikine. The NADPH-dependent reductases that produce ajmalicine and isositsirikine have not been isolated. To produce ajmalicine and isositsirikine analogs in vitro, two aims must be accomplished: first, the reductases forming ajmalicine and isositsirikine, ajmalicine synthase and isositsirikine synthase, must be partially purified, and second, the substrate specificity of those reductases must be determined. To satisfy the first of these aims, I developed a partial purification procedure for ajmalicine synthase and isositsirikine synthase from Catharanthus roseus tissue. My partial purification procedure involved acetone precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. Analysis by 2D SDS-PAGE shows that the proteins have been significantly purified. I also performed crosslinking experiments with a substrate probe in attempts to isolate ajmalicine synthase and isositsirikine synthase. In the crosslinking studies four enzymes were isolated and cloned, and one has been found to have sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity. I determined the substrate specificities of ajmalicine synthase and isositsirikine synthase' as well as the enzyme that precedes both enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, strictosidine-pglucosidase (SGD). I found that SGD, ajmalicine synthase, and isositsirikine synthase all have broad substrate specificities, which is promising for the development of novel ajmalicine and isositsirikine analogs with potentially improved therapeutic activities.
by Nancy Yerkes.
Ph.D.
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Riffault, Valois Ludivine. "Etude phytochimique de la variété de rose ‘Jardin de Granville’ : de la caractérisation variétale à la caractérisation moléculaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2047.
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‘Jardin de Granville’ ‘est une variété de rose moderne dédiée à des applications cosmétiques en lien avec ses propriétés intéressantes permettant de lutter contre les mécanismes inflammatoires et oxydants au niveau cutané. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a consisté à établir la cartographie moléculaire de ‘Jardin de Granville’. Pour cela, un procédé standardisé de récolte et d’extraction a été développé afin d’accéder au contenu moléculaire le plus exhaustif possible des différents organes de la plante. Des méthodes complémentaires d’analyse, allant de l’HPTLC, à l’HPLC-DAD-DEDL et jusqu’à l’UHPLC-HRMS, ont été mises en oeuvre pour réaliser les empreintes chromatographiques des extraits et en identifier les principaux constituants. Ces méthodes ont été choisies de plus en plus spécifiques et précises, de façon à apporter une graduation dans le niveau d’informations apportées. Plus de 120 molécules ont pu être caractérisées dans les différents extraits. Le deuxième objectif résidait dans la mise en évidence des marqueurs phytochimiques spécifiques à la variété en comparant ses empreintes moléculaires à celles des deux variétés parents. Deux méthodes de comparaison des profils ont été développées. La première met en jeu des analyses statistiques telles que l’ACP, la CAH et l’ANOVA qui permettent de comparer l’ensemble des extraits. La seconde effectue la soustraction des chromatogrammes d’extrait deux à deux et donne accès à un niveau d’informations plus ciblé. Ces deux approches ont conduit à l’identification de composés différenciant chaque type d’organes ce qui pourra servir d’outils dans la valorisation de certaines parties de la plante. Des marqueurs potentiels plus spécifiques à ‘Jardin de Granville’ ont pu être mis en évidence ce qui démontre la capacité des méthodes développées à différencier le contenu phytochimique de variétés de rose très prochesThe modern rose variety ‘Jardin de Granville’, possesses proven activities against skin cell inflammatory and oxidant mechanisms and is devoted to cosmetic applications. The main goal of this study was to establish the molecular fingerprint of the different organs of ‘Jardin de Granville’. In this way, a standardized process for plant harvesting and sample extraction was developed giving access to the most exhaustive molecular fingerprint possible of the different organs. Several complementary analytical methods were implemented through HPTLC, HPLC-DAD-ELSD and UHPLC-HRMS, enabling to achieve the chromatographic fingerprint of the different organs and to identify the main constituents. These methods were selected to have increasing specificity and accuracy to bring progressive information on the molecule structure. Thus, more than 120 compounds were characterized in the different extracts. The second objective consisted in identifying specific phytochemical markers of the variety by comparing its fingerprint to those obtained from its two rose plant parents. In this way, two approaches were developed. The first one involves statistical analysis like PCA, HAC and ANOVA and allows comparing the whole sample chromatograms. The second approach performs extract chromatogram subtractions two by two and gives more detailed information. Both comparative methods led to the identification of the differential compounds existing between the different organ types which could be used to valuate some plant parts in particular. Some ‘Jardin de Granville’ specific markers were highlighted showing the method capacity to distinguish very close rose varieties, by comparing their molecular content
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Rose, Andrew. "Numerical simulations of the stochastic KDV equation /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/rosea/andrewrose.pdf.
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Payne, Richard. "Gene discovery in Catharanthus roseus using virus induced gene silencing." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59379/.
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This thesis presents the use of Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) for the discovery of enzymes and transporters involved in monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) metabolism in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. C. roseus is the source of a number of MIAs that are used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of cancers, however the complete biosynthetic pathway for these metabolites remains to be elucidated. Additionally, this metabolic pathway is subcellulary compartmented with the key branch point enzyme, strictosidine synthase, localised to the plant vacuole. There is therefore a need for the import of the substrates for strictosidine biosynthesis; secologanin and tryptamine, across the vacuolar membrane, and export of the product, strictosidine, for synthesis of the downstream alkaloids. This thesis presents the identification of two proteins that act as trans-tonoplastic transporters in MIA metabolism. The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein, CrMATE1952, was localised to the vacuolar membrane and silencing its expression in planta resulted in the accumulation of a secologanin derivative. This implicates CrMATE1952 in the transport of secologanin into the vacuole and highlights the importance of the spatial organisation of the pathway in preventing secologanin derivatisation. Secondly silencing the expression of a tonoplast localised nitrate/peptide (NPF) transporter, CrNPF2.9, resulted in the 20-fold accumulation of strictosidine, suggesting this transporter is the exporter of strictosidine from the vacuole. Furthermore, VIGS also allowed the identification of a reticuline oxidase like protein, CrRO, which resulted in the accumulation of two new MIAs in leaf tissue upon silencing. This thesis highlights a reverse genetics strategy for gene identification in metabolic pathways and is the first time the MATE and NPF transporters, and the reticuline oxidase like enzymes, have been shown to be involved in MIA metabolism in C. roseus.
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Runguphan, Weerawat. "Reprogramming alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus : synthetic biology in plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65274.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The medicinal plant Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) produces over 130 monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) natural products. Many of these compounds have pharmaceutical value, such as the anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine. Unnatural modifications can impart novel bioactivity to the parent natural product. Advances in synthetic biology and microbial engineering have allowed overproduction of natural products and their analogs in non-native organisms such as yeast and E. coli. However, re-engineering of plant pathways to yield "novel" products has been limited, particularly when compared to the successes achieved in prokaryotic systems. This thesis describes several strategies to re-engineer MIA biosynthesis in periwinkle to produce novel alkaloids. The first strategy involves the introduction of a biosynthetic enzyme with redesigned substrate specificity into periwinkle. The resulting transgenic plant culture produces a variety of unnatural alkaloid compounds when co-cultured with precursors that the re-engineered enzyme has been designed to accept. The second strategy improves upon this work by enabling periwinkle to autonomously synthesize precursor analogs in situ. Specifically, the prokaryotic halogenation machinery was introduced into the genome of periwinkle, which lacks the biosynthetic ability to produce halogenated compounds. These halogenases function within the context of the plant cell to generate halogenated precursor, which is then shuttled into MIA metabolism to yield halogenated alkaloids. Altogether, a new functional group-an organohalide-was introduced into plant secondary metabolism in a regioselective and predictable manner. The third strategy involves RNAi-mediated suppression of MIA biosynthesis in periwinkle. Alkaloid production was obliterated in the resulting transgenic plant culture. The silenced plant culture produces a variety of fluorinated alkaloids when co-cultured with fluorinated starting substrate. The yields of some unnatural alkaloids were improved since the natural precursor was absent. Finally, the fourth strategy describes chemical functionalization of halogenated MIAs. Postbiosynthetic chemical derivatizations of halogenated MIAs using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions robustly afforded aryl and heteroaryl analogs of MIAs. Altogether, the work described in this thesis demonstrates the versatility of medicinal plants in the generation of unnatural alkaloids. Thus, despite their genetic complexity, plants are a viable platform for synthetic biology efforts.
by Weerawat Runguphan.
Ph.D.
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Foureau, Emilien. "Elucidation de la voie de biosynthèse des alcaloïdes de Catharanthus roseus et ingénierie métabolique dans la levure." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3805/document.
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Catharanthus roseus est une plante médicinale produisant divers types d’alcaloïdes indoliques monoterpéniques (AIM) d’intérêt en santé humaine. Ainsi, les AIM dimères comme la vinblastine et la vincristine sont utilisés en chimiothérapie anticancéreuse et les alcaloïdes monomères de type hétéroyohimbine présentent diverses activités pharmacologiques. La fabrication de ces molécules dans la plante est fort complexe. Elle requiert un haut niveau de compartimentation tissulaire et subcellulaire et met en jeu plus d’une trentaine d’étapes enzymatiques, dont certaines sont encore très mal connues. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de la thèse a consisté à élucider plusieurs étapes enzymatiques de la voie de biosynthèse des AIM. Nos travaux ont permis de caractériser de nouvelles isoformes enzymatiques de la famille des cytochromes P450 ainsi que les réductases qui leur sont associées. Ils ont abouti à l’identification de nouvelles déshydrogénases et mis en évidence, in planta, leurs interactions avec la strictosidine synthase suggérant une biosynthèse orientée vers les divers alcaloïdes de type hétéroyohimbine. Enfin, en ayant recours à l’ingénierie métabolique, un segment de la voie de biosynthèse a été transféré dans la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lui conférant la capacité de bio-transformer la tabersonine en vindoline, l’un des deux précurseurs finaux des alcaloïdes dimèresCatharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant producing various types of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) with a great interest in human health. Dimeric alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine are used in cancer chemotherapy and monomeric heteroyohimbine alkaloids exhibit various pharmacological activities. The production of these molecules in the plant is very complex. It requires a high level of tissular and subcellular compartmentalization and involves more than thirty enzymatic steps, some of which are largely unknown. In this context, the aim of this thesis was to elucidate several enzymatic steps of the MIA biosynthetic pathway. Our work allowed us to characterize new enzyme isoforms of cytochrome P450 and their associated reductases. They also resulted in the identification of new dehydrogenases and highlighted their interactions with the strictosidine synthase suggesting a directed biosynthesis towards various heteroyohimbine type of alkaloids. Finally, engineered yeast containing a segment of the MIA biosynthetic pathway was able to convert tabersonine into vindoline, one of the two final precursors of the dimeric alkaloids
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Gerstle, Mary Valerie. "CANNED ROSES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990448249.
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Charnay, Corinne. "Place de la 5'-nor anhydrovinblastine (vinorèlbine) dans la classe des vinca-alcaloi͏̈des : étude préclinique." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P111.
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Lamouroux, Brigitte. "Approche d'une sélection et de la micropropagation de génotypes de Catharanthus roseus (L. ) G. Don à teneurs élevées en Catharanthine et vindoline." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT018A.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre des études menées sur Catharanthus roseaus (L. ) G. Don. Pour la production de catharanthine et de vindoline, alcaloi͏̈des indoliques entrant dans la composition de dimères à activité antitumorale. Une méthode de propagation, par régénération de rameaux à partir de nœuds prélevés sur la plante entière a été développée pour la multiplication en masse des plantes sélectionnées. Sur une durée de 4 mois, il est possible de régénérer 270 vitroplants à partir d'une plante mère, contenant environ une centaine de nœuds. Une multiplication plus importante d'un même individu est possible en développant une étape de micropropagation in vitro. Les différences significatives de teneurs en catharanthine et vindoline, mises en évidence au niveau des extrémités feuillées des plantes mères se retrouvent au niveau des vitroplants issus du microbouturage. Ceci permet de conclur au caractère génotypique de la teneur en catharanthine et vindoline, et donc d'envisager la multiplication des individus à hautes teneurs alcaloi͏̈diques. A partir de ces travaux, un système de production de la catharanthine et de la vindoline par culture de rameaux in vitro, sans régénération de la plante entière a pu être développé.
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Sibéril, Yann. "Facteurs de transcription de type « g-box binding factor » et régulation de la biosynthèse des alcaloïdes de catharanthus roseus." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4006.
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Les facteurs de transcription sont des outils efficaces de l'ingénierie métabolique destinées à modifier la biosynthèse de composés d'intérêt naturellement synthétisés par les plantes (ex : biosynthèse des anthocyanes). Catharanthus roseus produit en faible quantité des alcaloïdes utilisés dans les traitements des cancers par chimiothérapie. Dans la souche cellulaire c20d, la biosynthèse des alcaloïdes est régulée négativement par une phytohormone : l'auxine. Ceci s'accompagne de la régulation de la transcription des gènes str et tdc qui codent des enzymes de biosynthèse. Ces gènes possèdent dans leur promoteur un élément cis-régulateur de type g-box, ce qui suggère que les g-box participent à la régulation coordonnée de l'expression de ces gènes. Une étude bio-informatique a permis de définir structurellement et fonctionnellement ces g-box binding factors de c. Roseus et à en décrire de nouvelles régions fonctionnelles en identifiant des séquences conservées. Une stratégie de rt-pcr a permis d'isoler deux adnc codant des gbf de c. Roseus. L'étude in vitro de ces protéines par la technique de retard sur gel a montré leur spécificité d'interaction avec les g-box des promoteurs des gènes str et tdc. Cette même technique a montré l'importance de l'état de phosphorylation de ces facteurs de transcription dans la modulation de leur activité d'interaction avec l'adn. In vitro, des expériences d'expressions transitoires de ces adnc ont révèlé un effet inhibiteur des gbf sur l'expression du gène str. De plus, certaines lignées, issues d'une stratégie d'expression stable en antisens des adnc crgbf, sont capables de surmonter l'effet inhibiteur de l'auxine sur l'accumulation alcaloïdique. Mais l'analyse moléculaire n'a pas permis de corréler des surexpressions antisens des adnc crgbf avec la production d'alcaloïdes. Les crgbf peuvent donc prendre part à la régulation de l'expression du gène str et à l'inhibition, par l'auxine, de la biosynthèse des alcaloïdes.
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Brun, Gilles. "Étude des constituants chimiques de Catharanthus roseus (L. ) G. Don (Apocynaceae), autres que les alcaloïdes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE18011.
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Rose, Françoise. "Morphosyntaxe de l'émérillon : langue tupi-guarani de Guyane française." Phd thesis, Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/rose_f.
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La linguistique amazonienne connaît depuis deux décennies un essor considérable. Nombre de langues jusqu'alors inconnues sont décrites et viennent enrichir la typologie des langues du monde. S'inscrivant dans la dynamique en cours, cette thèse constitue une première description de la "Morphosyntaxe de lé́mérillon, une langue tupi-guarani de Guyane française". L'émérillon étant une langue amazonienne en danger et à tradition orale, le corpus utilisé pour cette étude est constitué de textes spontanés enregistrés auprès de 13 locuteurs sur le terrain. L'analyse proposée s'intègre dans le cadre de la linguistique typologique et fonctionnelle et a pour objectif de situer l'émérillon d'une part dans le contexte des études typologiques sur les langues du monde et d'autre part dans celui de la famille tupi-guarani. Les thèmes les plus développés dans cette étude sont ceux de la morphologie et de la syntaxe, du groupe nominal aux phrases complexes. Des thèmes associés allant de la phonétique au discours sont aussi couverts. D'un point de vue typologique, les faits émérillon les plus remarquables dans le contexte des études typologiques actuelles sont par exemple un système hiérarchique d'indexation des personnes, encore peu discuté typologiquement, des prédication nominales possessives et l'origine gérondive des constructions sérielles. Sur le plan comparatif, l'émérillon fait preuve d'un caractère innovant au sein de la famille tupi-guarani, entre autres par l'évolution du système d'indexation des personnes dans les propositions dépendantes. Enfin, sur le plan "aréal", l'émérillon constitue par de nombreux traits un spécimen représentatif des langues d'AmazonieOver the last two decades, Amazonian linguistics has greatly expanded. Many languages have recently been described and are providing typologists with new data. Within this dynamic current, this dissertation presents a first description of the "Morphosyntax of Emérillon, a Tupi-Guarani language of French Guyana". Emérillon is an endangered Amazonian language with an oral tradition. Spontaneous texts recorded from 13 speakers in the field constitute the corpus used for this study. The analysis was conducted within a functional-typological approach. It aims at comparing the Emérillon language, on the one hand, with recent typological studies and, on the other, with studies of the other Tupi-Guarani languages. The study focuses on morphology and syntax, from nominal phrases to complex sentences, with other areas such as phonology and discourse being also considered. In a typological perspective, most interesting are the cases of a hierarchical cross-referencing system, still little discussed in the typological literature, possessive nominal predicates using verbal morphology, and gerund constructions being at the origin of verb serialization. In a comparative perspective, this language seems to be an innovative member of the Tupi-Guarani family, for instance with the loss of the absolutive cross-referencing system in dependant clauses. Finally, in an areal perspective, the Emérillon language constitutes by a number of traits a representative member of Amazonian languages
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Schumacher, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Wachstumsverhalten von Thiothrix eikelboomii und Flectobacillus roseus in der Kläranlage eines Lebensmittelherstellers - Entwicklung von Gensonden zur Detektion und Quantifizierung von Flectobacillus roseus im Belebtschlamm / Jessica Schumacher." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041530366/34.
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Marinho, Susana Regina Monteiro. "Função dos alcalóides indólicos monoterpenóides de Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9949.
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Conan-Cibotti, Michelle. "Dosages immunoenzymatiques des alcaloi͏̈des bis indoliques de "Catharanthus roseus" G. Don." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114832.
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Marinho, Susana Regina Monteiro. "Função dos alcalóides indólicos monoterpenóides de Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9949.
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Ouelhazi, Lazhar. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation moléculaire d'une protéine cytokinine-dépendante corrélée à la biosynthèse alcaloïque." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3808.
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Delatte, Isabella Imber. "Roses and Foxes." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors155472117699106.
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Martin, Allison. "Mom wanted a rosebud : a collection." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/327.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
English
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Rose, Françoise Grinevald Colette. "Morphosyntaxe de l'émérillon langue tupi-guarani de Guyane française /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/rose_f.
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RAVEL, DOMINIQUE. "Isolement de certains alcaloides indoliques d'une souche de catharanthus roseus g. Don cultivee in vitro et etude des variations de leur accumulation dans plusieurs conditions d'anergie." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114839.
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Tuffen, Melanie Geraldine. "Physiological and molecular changes induced in Catharanthus roseus in response to phytoplasma infection." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576157.
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Phytoplasmas are specialised plant pathogenic bacteria, transmitted by sap sucking insect vectors and responsible are for a number of economically important crop diseases. Typical disease symptoms include phyllody, virescence, little leaf, increased branching, stunting and yellowing. Catharanthus roseus, or Madagascar periwinkle, is often used as an experimental host for phytoplasma disease due to the fact that infection produces a good range of representative symptoms. Very little is known about the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, and the main aim of this study was to learn more about changes induced in C. rose us in response to phytoplasma infection. Sweet potato little leaf (SPLL) infection induces a reduction in leaf size in C. roseus. Leaf size is controlled by two main mechanisms, initially leaves grow via mitotic divisions but when these cease a period of cell expansion occurs. Upper epidermal cells of healthy and SPLL infected plants were investigated for histological changes at the 2nd and 5th leaf stage. At all stages there was a reduction in cell size, though this was not always enough to account for total reduction in leaf size suggesting some inhibition of cell proliferation occurs. The leaf ratio was affected positively in SPLL infected plants, suggesting disease has a greater affect on growth in the width direction than the length. Phyllody is defined as the replacement of flowers with leaf like structures, but very little work has been done on investigating the actual properties of phyllodous leaves. The upper epidermis of flowers from soybean phyllody (SP) infected plants was investigated. In general three cell types were found: conical cells, cells that resembled closely those from the upper epidermis of leaves and cells that appeared to be a hybrid between the two, with a flattened conical cell appearance. Though C. roseus provides a useful host for phytoplasma disease, it lacks the genomic resources available to other species. The Xspecies microarray technique allows the use of a microarray for a species it was not originally designed for. In this instance transcripts from SPLL infected C. rose us were run on the ATH1 Arabidopsis GeneChip®. A hybridisation efficiency of 150 was chosen. The micro array indicated up-regulation of ARF7 and PIN6, genes involved in auxin response and transport, as well as two miRNA processing genes, HASTY and XRN3. Down-regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis was observed. The expression of a number of transcripts was then monitored with quantitative PCR. In general, the qPCR results were not in agreement with the array data. This could be a result of the probes actually binding to other, closely related transcripts within the C. rose us genome. Changes in phytohormones occur in many plant infections, and have been proposed as an explanation for the symptoms seen in phytoplasma infected plants. The levels of cytokinins were measured in the stem, root, leaf and floral tissues of healthy and infected plants, but no significant changes in cytokinin content were seen. A semi-quantitative technique was used to study changes in gene expression in auxin and cytokinin responsive genes. Down-regulation of the cytokinin receptor was seen in all tissues except the leaf. An increase in expression of the auxin influx carrier AUX1 occurred within infected root material, but the transcript was dramatically down regulated in other tissues. It is evident that changes in gene expression occur in infected plants. Gene expression is repressed by DNA methylation. Changes in DNA methylation were monitored using Methylation Sensitive AFLP. Changes in CpNpG methylation were detected in plants infected with Vinca coconut phyllody and Rhemannia glutinosa. Some isolated sequences returned showed homology to the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. These organelle genomes were thought to be free of cytosine methylation, raising questions about whether this hypothesis is correct.
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Cazelles, Marie Thérèse. "Biotransformations de monoterpènes par une suspension cellulaire de "Catharanthus roseus" G don (Apocynacées)." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114819.
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Tserayi, Jonathan. "Thorny ends of roses." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6725.
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Miller, Mary Claire. "A Garland of Roses." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1589368411081285.
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Bradley, Lucy, and Rod McKusick. "Troubleshooting Problems with Roses." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144683.
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Ferrand, Nathalie. "Une élite de l’horticulture : Les rosiéristes de la région lyonnaise entre 1820 et 1939." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20091.
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Cette thèse sur l’histoire des rosiéristes lyonnais entre 1820 et 1939 s’articule autour de plusieurs problématiques : l’individu et l’exploitation familiale, l’activité commerciale et les goûts des consommateurs, et l’action collective d’une profession qui se démarque progressivement au sein du monde horticole. De l’apparition des premières spécialisations, vers 1820, au déclin de l’activité rosicole pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, la périodisation souligne l’âge d’or de la rosiculture française matérialisée, entre autre, par la formation de lignées professionnelles tout au long du XIXe siècle. L’étude se propose de reconstituer les divers aspects, chronologiques, entrepreneuriaux, socio-économiques, techniques ou culturels de l’activité et apporte des éléments explicatifs à la compréhension du travail des obtenteurs : ceux-ci appartiennent à l’excellence du monde horticole et sont, à ce titre, sujets de l’histoire des élites – il s’agit ici d’élites professionnelles. Grâce aux archives des établissements — livres de comptes, registres d’expédition, correspondances commerciales — la thèse met à jour les évolutions du marché du rosier et montre comment une activité marginale, ignorée des statistiques officielles, se développe par l’intermédiaire d’un réseau commercial étendu. Pour ce faire, le diaporama des acheteurs et l’examen d’une clientèle élitaire et mondaine permettent de décrypter la consommation d’une époque et l’émergence de nouveaux codes esthétiques articulés autour d’un produit qui renvoie à des pratiques culturelles et à des constructions sociales et identitaires. L’exploitation des données quantifiées relatives à la structuration du marché, l’identification nominative de la clientèle et la périodisation des modes en matière de roses, illustrée par une exploitation statistique des préférences des acheteurs, confèrent à cette thèse une démarche neuve et originale. L’analyse des logiques économiques et sociales qui ont influencé la réussite puis le recul du secteur rosicole donne à voir le fonctionnement d’une filière artisanale, son évolution quantitative et qualitative et l’organisation d’un marché à vaste échelle, soutenu par un savoir-faire garant de la qualité du produit et du choix de l’acheteur. Certaines de ces micro-entreprises consolident leur position par une politique dynamique faisant interagir mécanismes de vente et talents créatifs en adoptant des pratiques commerciales relativement modernes pour répondre à un accroissement et une diversification progressive des transactions commerciales. Quant à la mise en adéquation du marché de l’offre et de celui de la demande, elle montre un élargissement de la clientèle lié aux transformations économiques et culturelles provoquées par l’évolution des loisirs dans la majorité des catégories sociales qui voient dans la culture des fleurs une activité de détente et un moyen d’embellir le cadre de vie. Au fil de la réflexion se déclinent de nouvelles préférences florales établies autour de considérations esthétiques qui ne sont pas sans rapport avec la mise en scène ornementale que les architectes paysagistes s’attachent à reproduire. La nouveauté du coloris n’est-elle pas un constitutif déterminant dans le succès d’une variété ? En ce sens, l’engouement en faveur de la rose jaune informe sur les codes de l’élégance qui se généralisent dans les jardins. La colorimétrie dominante constitue donc un observatoire privilégié des sensibilités et des mutations esthétiques et allégoriques qui s’inscrivent au cœur d’une histoire des représentations. Dans un autre versant, l’enquête prosopographique révèle des relations économiques et familiales solidement imbriquées et livre des éléments explicatifs sur la réalité de la petite exploitation et sur les mécanismes comportementaux qui président à la constitution d’une culture familialeThis thesis on the story of Lyon’s roses’ breeders between 1820 and 1939 focuses on several issues: the individual and the family farm, the commercial activity and consumers’ tastes, and the collective action of a profession which gradually stands apart from the horticultural world. From the apparition of first specializations around 1820 to the decline of the activity related to roses during the interwar, the periodization highlights the golden age of French roses’ culture materialized, among others, by the formation of professional lines throughout the nineteenth century. This study proposes to reconstruct various aspects, historical, entrepreneurial, socio-economic, technical or cultural of the activity and provides explanatory material in order to understand the work of breeders: they belong to the excellence of the horticultural world and are, as such, subject to the history of elites – we are talking here of professional elites: With the archives of companies – account books, shipping records, professional correspondence – the thesis updates the developments of the roses’ market and shows how a marginal activity, ignored by official statistics, develops through an extensive sales network. In order to do so, the overview of buyers and the examination of an elitist and fashionable clients permits to decrypts the consumption of an epoch and the emergence of new aesthetic codes articulated around a product that refers to cultural practices and social and identity constructions. The exploitation of quantified data about the market’s structuration, the nominal identification of clients and the periodization of roses’ trends, illustrated by a statistical analysis of the preferences of buyers, give to this thesis a new and original approach. The analysis of economic and social logics that have influenced the success and the decline of the roses’ sector show the functioning of a traditional industry, its quantitative and qualitative evolution and the organization of a large-scale market, supported by a know-how which guarantees the quality of the product and the choice of the buyer. Some of those micro-companies consolidate their position by choosing a dynamic policy using and combining both sales’ mechanisms and creative talents, taking relatively modern business practices in response to a gradual increase and diversification of commercial transactions. Concerning the matching of supply and demand, it shows a broadening of the customer, which is related to the economic and cultural changes brought about by the expansion of leisure in most social groups who see the flowers ’culture as a relaxing activity and a way to beautify the living environment. Throughout the reflexion, new floral preferences established have been declined; around aesthetic considerations which are not unrelated with the development of ornamental staging which landscape architects strive to reproduce. Isn’t the novelty of a colour a preeminent element determining the success of a variety? In this sense, the enthusiasm for the yellow rose lets us know about codes of elegance that became widespread in the gardens. The colorimetry is therefore a privileged observatory of sensibilities and aesthetic and allegorical mutations that join the heart of a history of representations.In another side, the prosopographic survey reveals economic and family relationships securely nested and delivers explanatory elements of the reality of small farm functioning and behavioural mechanisms that govern the formation of a family culture. De facto, this work aims to provide a contribution to the understanding of the historical genesis of a professional group, whose history is constructed in terms of lineage and genealogy
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Stavrinides, Anna. "Duplication of alcohol dehydrogenases unlocks the chemical diversity of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61634/.
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This thesis details the discovery and characterisation of biosynthetic enzymes implicated in the monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) pathway of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. The MIA pathway is characterised by a plethora of different carbon skeletons, which are derived from the central pathway intermediate strictosidine aglycon. Given the biological importance of these compounds, there is great interest in identifying the enzymes that catalyse the formation of these different carbon skeletons, as well as understanding the mechanistic basis for how the pathway is controlled at this critical step in the pathway. The discovery of the first enzyme capable of reducing the reactive aglycon intermediate to a heteroyohimbine-type MIA (tetrahydroalstonine) opened the door to discovery of many other heteroyohimbine synthases (HYS, Chapter 2). These enzymes share a degree of sequence identity and are all members of the Medium-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductases. Interestingly, these HYSs catalysed the formation of different ratios of several heteroyohimbine stereoisomers. A detailed mutation screen, together with protein crystallography, deuterium labelling, and in silico docking enabled us to propose a catalytic mechanism for these enzymes and how the ratio of products is controlled (Chapter 3). An investigation into a different family of reductases, the Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductases, revealed another enzyme capable of reducing the reactive strictosidine aglycon intermediate (Chapter 4). After extensive NMR characterisation, the enzymatic product was found to possess an unusual carbon skeleton different to that of the heteroyohimbines. Characterisation of the phylogeny of these enzymes revealed that they have undergone numerous duplication events (Chapter 5). The HYSs appear to have undergone multiple duplications and neofunctionalisation that has given rise to at least one other biosynthetic enzyme which acts in one of the downstream MIA pathway branches. A study of a large reductase duplication locus provides evidence that pathway clustering in plants arises through translocation of biosynthetic genes. The discovery of these reductases has provided us with an unprecedented opportunity to study the dynamics of the branch-point of the MIA pathway. These discoveries constitute an important step towards the elucidation of the MIA pathway in C. roseus and in the many related MIA producing plants.
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Machenaud, Jana. "Biosynthèse du 2-phényléthanol et sécrétion du parfum chez la rose." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684433.
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La rose est la fleur la plus vendue au monde. Elle a une place prépondérante en horticulture et dans l'industrie des parfums, c'est pourquoi des études visant à préciser les mécanismes cellulaires d'émission du parfum ont été entreprises. Des travaux antérieurs ont permis d'émettre une hypothèse selon laquelle le parfum serait véhiculé par des vésicules lipidiques. Nos observations ont montré que dans les pétales de roses, les vésicules sont composées d'une matrice centrale où se concentrent les triglycérides entourés d'une membrane à un seul feuillet phospholipidique. Ces caractéristiques étayent la théorie selon laquelle les vésicules lipidiques purifiées de pétales de rose sont des oléosomes. Cependant, l'oléosine, protéine marqueur de ce compartiment, n'a pas été identifiée. Ces vésicules sembleraient être impliquées dans le stockage des enzymes des voies de biosynthèse des parfums et des parfums eux-mêmes. Le gène RhPAAS, impliqué dans la voie de biosynthèse du 2-phényléthanol, a également été étudié. Des travaux préliminaires montrent que le QTL majeur expliquant la présence de 2-phényléthanol chez Rosa wichuraiana et le gène RhPAAS sont localisés sur le même locus dans le groupe de liaison B7. La modulation de l'expression du gène RhPAAS a donc été une hypothèse pour expliquer la présence ou l'absence de 2-phényléthanol dans la population HW. Au stade BJO, seuls les descendants produisant beaucoup de 2-phényIéthanoI, expriment RhPAAS. Le transcrit est accumulé au stade BJO dans les pétales c'est-à-dire avant le maximum d'émission du parfum. L'allèle a1 lié à la production du 2-phényléthanol a été identifié tandis qu'un autre allèle a2 s'exprime uniquement chez les roses produisant très peu de 2-phényléthanol
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Rose, John W. "Impact of natural and artificial ebb channel position realignment on oceanfront shoreline change." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/r1/rosej/johnrose.pdf.
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Perronnet, Christine. "Recherche de nouvelles méthodes d'obtention de souches productrices de métabolites secondaires par hybridation somatique : fusion de protoplastes de catharanthus roseus ; mise au point d'une technique d'électrofusion ; enrichissement et essais de culture des produits hybrides." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR3801.
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