Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rosacea'

Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder, characterized by redness and flushing of the cheeks, nose, chin or forehead. It has been proposed that rosacea is a result of frequent blushing (Miller, 1921; Klaber & Whittkower, 1939). However, the relationship between rosacea and blushing is uncertain. The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between psychological stress and vascular disturbances in rosacea. Five studies were conducted. The first study explored the relationship between rosacea and mental health while the next two investigated vascular responses in rosacea sufferers and controls to acetylcholine (which induces endothelial vasodilatation and axon reflexes) and psychological stress (embarrassment). The fourth study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological indicators and rosacea symptoms on a daily basis. The fifth study consisted of three case studies looking at the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Task Concentration Training (TCT) with rosacea sufferers presenting with social anxiety and fear of blushing symptoms. In study 1, sixty-two participants were asked to complete the Blushing Propensity Scale (BPS), Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS). Outcomes from the first study indicated that Type 2 rosacea sufferers (n= 12) perceived themselves as blushing more frequently and intensely than Type 1 rosacea sufferers (n=19) or controls (n=31). This suggested that Type 2 rosacea sufferers experiencing frequent blushing may have a lower sensitivity threshold to blushing episodes. In addition, Type 2 rosacea sufferers perceived themselves as more stressed than Type 1 rosacea sufferers or controls, possibly indicating that managing the condition can be stressful. Contrary to previous reports (Gupta et al., 2006; National Rosacea Society, 2005) severity of rosacea was not associated with depression, social anxiety or fear of negative evaluation. However, a few participants who reported high social anxiety and stress scores were offered psychological intervention (Study 5). The aim of the second study was to investigate vascular responses in rosacea sufferers. Cutaneous endothelial and axon reflex function was assessed using an acetylcholine dose response curve. The axon reflex was assessed by inducing a flare with ACh iontophoresis. Outcomes from this study indicated that Type 2 rosacea sufferers had a greater axon reflex response than Type 1 rosacea sufferers. Thus over-reactivity of the axon reflex in Type 2 rosacea sufferers might contribute to prolonged vasodilatation. However, cutaneous endothelial responses to ACh were similar in rosacea and control groups. The results suggested that neural pathways mediated the flushing response rather than cutaneous endothelial function. The third study investigated facial blood flow while participants attempted laboratory induced embarrassment tasks. Type 2 rosacea sufferers were found to have a greater blood flow in the facial region than Type 1 rosacea sufferers during singing and speech tasks, suggesting that Type 2 rosacea sufferers blushed more than type 1 rosacea sufferers or controls. Furthermore, Type 2 rosacea sufferers reported higher embarrassment and blushing ratings than Type 1 rosacea sufferers. This indicated that Type 2 rosacea sufferers perceived themselves as emotionally more aroused than other participants. Taken together, it would appear that a combination of physiological and cognitive factors increased facial blood flow in Type 2 rosacea sufferers in laboratory induced embarrassment tasks. The fourth study explored the relationship between stress and symptoms of rosacea. Using a diary, 15 rosacea sufferers recorded their stress, anxiety and mood and their intensity of rosacea symptoms daily. Stress was associated with increased stinging/facial redness on the same day for 1 to 2 months. Furthermore, it was associated with increased stinging ratings the next day. However, feeling anxious or having low mood was not related to increase stinging the next day. The presence of increased stress found in rosacea participants on the day where stinging and redness occurred should be taken into consideration when formulating psychological interventions for rosacea sufferers. In study 5, individual psychological intervention was provided to three participants experiencing stress, fear of blushing and social anxiety symptoms. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Task Concentration Training (TCT) were helpful in managing stress, anxiety and fear of blushing symptoms in individual rosacea sufferers. Encouragingly, all participants reported a gain in their repertoire of strategies and showed a decrease in anxiety symptoms on assessment questionnaires following their intervention. Replication of the intervention protocol and investigation of other psychological approaches are required to establish best practise outcome for rosacea sufferers who require psychological interventions. The present findings suggest that over-reactivity of axon reflexes contributes to facial flushing. In addition, emotional flushing in rosacea sufferers appears to be maintained by a combination of cognitive and physiological factors. On a clinical level, the study recommends that emotional stress associated with facial flushing in rosacea sufferers to be targeted for psychological intervention.

Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder, characterized by redness and flushing of the cheeks, nose, chin or forehead. It has been proposed that rosacea is a result of frequent blushing (Miller, 1921; Klaber & Whittkower, 1939). However, the relationship between rosacea and blushing is uncertain. The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between psychological stress and vascular disturbances in rosacea. Five studies were conducted. The first study explored the relationship between rosacea and mental health while the next two investigated vascular responses in rosacea sufferers and controls to acetylcholine (which induces endothelial vasodilatation and axon reflexes) and psychological stress (embarrassment). The fourth study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological indicators and rosacea symptoms on a daily basis. The fifth study consisted of three case studies looking at the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Task Concentration Training (TCT) with rosacea sufferers presenting with social anxiety and fear of blushing symptoms. In study 1, sixty-two participants were asked to complete the Blushing Propensity Scale (BPS), Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS). Outcomes from the first study indicated that Type 2 rosacea sufferers (n= 12) perceived themselves as blushing more frequently and intensely than Type 1 rosacea sufferers (n=19) or controls (n=31). This suggested that Type 2 rosacea sufferers experiencing frequent blushing may have a lower sensitivity threshold to blushing episodes. In addition, Type 2 rosacea sufferers perceived themselves as more stressed than Type 1 rosacea sufferers or controls, possibly indicating that managing the condition can be stressful. Contrary to previous reports (Gupta et al., 2006; National Rosacea Society, 2005) severity of rosacea was not associated with depression, social anxiety or fear of negative evaluation. However, a few participants who reported high social anxiety and stress scores were offered psychological intervention (Study 5). The aim of the second study was to investigate vascular responses in rosacea sufferers. Cutaneous endothelial and axon reflex function was assessed using an acetylcholine dose response curve. The axon reflex was assessed by inducing a flare with ACh iontophoresis. Outcomes from this study indicated that Type 2 rosacea sufferers had a greater axon reflex response than Type 1 rosacea sufferers. Thus over-reactivity of the axon reflex in Type 2 rosacea sufferers might contribute to prolonged vasodilatation. However, cutaneous endothelial responses to ACh were similar in rosacea and control groups. The results suggested that neural pathways mediated the flushing response rather than cutaneous endothelial function. The third study investigated facial blood flow while participants attempted laboratory induced embarrassment tasks. Type 2 rosacea sufferers were found to have a greater blood flow in the facial region than Type 1 rosacea sufferers during singing and speech tasks, suggesting that Type 2 rosacea sufferers blushed more than type 1 rosacea sufferers or controls. Furthermore, Type 2 rosacea sufferers reported higher embarrassment and blushing ratings than Type 1 rosacea sufferers. This indicated that Type 2 rosacea sufferers perceived themselves as emotionally more aroused than other participants. Taken together, it would appear that a combination of physiological and cognitive factors increased facial blood flow in Type 2 rosacea sufferers in laboratory induced embarrassment tasks. The fourth study explored the relationship between stress and symptoms of rosacea. Using a diary, 15 rosacea sufferers recorded their stress, anxiety and mood and their intensity of rosacea symptoms daily. Stress was associated with increased stinging/facial redness on the same day for 1 to 2 months. Furthermore, it was associated with increased stinging ratings the next day. However, feeling anxious or having low mood was not related to increase stinging the next day. The presence of increased stress found in rosacea participants on the day where stinging and redness occurred should be taken into consideration when formulating psychological interventions for rosacea sufferers. In study 5, individual psychological intervention was provided to three participants experiencing stress, fear of blushing and social anxiety symptoms. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Task Concentration Training (TCT) were helpful in managing stress, anxiety and fear of blushing symptoms in individual rosacea sufferers. Encouragingly, all participants reported a gain in their repertoire of strategies and showed a decrease in anxiety symptoms on assessment questionnaires following their intervention. Replication of the intervention protocol and investigation of other psychological approaches are required to establish best practise outcome for rosacea sufferers who require psychological interventions. The present findings suggest that over-reactivity of axon reflexes contributes to facial flushing. In addition, emotional flushing in rosacea sufferers appears to be maintained by a combination of cognitive and physiological factors. On a clinical level, the study recommends that emotional stress associated with facial flushing in rosacea sufferers to be targeted for psychological intervention.

Bakgrund: Rosacea är en hudsjukdom som drabbar de centrala delarna av ansiktet. Den drabbade ses ofta med akneliknande utslag på panna, näsa, kinder och på hakan. Studier har även visat att rosacea har en inflammatorisk påverkan på ögonen. Syfte: Syftet med arbetet var att kartlägga vilken kunskap som finns om hur rosacea påverkar ögats främre segment. Syftet var också att ta reda på vad vi som optiker bör vara uppmärksamma på när vi möter sjukdomen i vårt yrkesutövande. Metod: Efter litteratursökning selekterades och analyserades sex artiklar med gemensamt syfte att undersöka förekomsten av okulära problem hos personer diagnostiserade med rosacea. I studierna användes också tester som optiker kan utföra i det dagliga arbetet. Resultat: Resultatet efter granskandet av originalartiklarna visade att okulära symtom och fynd förekommer hos personer med rosacea. Det är dock inte alltid så att de okulära fynden ger symtom. Slutsats: Optiker bör vara uppmärksamma på den inflammatoriska inverkan som rosacea kan ha på ögonen. Det är viktigt med noggranna kliniska undersökningar även om rosaceapatienterna inte upplever några subjektiva ögonsymtom.

La rosacée est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de la peau qui affecte presque exclusivement la peau faciale centrale. Actuellement, la morbidité de la rosacée en Chine augmente. Chaque signe clinique de la rosacée est lié à la pathogenèse de cette maladie cutanée dont la physiopathologie très complexe, implique différents types cellulaires et molécules de la peau et divers sous-types. Selon ces résultats, nous avons pu évaluer le rôle de la barrière cutanée et des microorganismes dans la rosacée. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer si un microbiote cutané altéré est le résultat d'une pathophysiologie sous-jacente. Nous avons également comparé la rosacée chez des patients chinois et français en évaluant la fonction de la barrière cutanée. Ces tests aideront au choix de la thérapie la plus adaptée pour traiter des patients atteints de rosacée. A travers ces 4 années de recherche de thèse, nous avons montré que : • La biopsie standard de la surface de la peau est une bonne méthode pratique en clinique pour mesurer la densité de Demodex Folliculorum chez les patients atteints de rosacée et d'acné. Le RCM peut être un meilleur choix que le SSSB en raison de son exactitude, de son exhaustivité et de sa procédure indolore non invasive in vivo. RCM semble être plus sensible que son prédécesseur. D'après les résultats de l'analyse du nombre de Demodex dans les lésions de patients atteints de PPR, nous avons constaté que ce nombre est beaucoup plus élevé à Besançon qu'à Shanghai. Les caractéristiques physiologiques de la rosacée sont fortement associées aux interactions entre l'hôte et les micro-organismes, et nos données indiquent l'importance de la colonisation bactérienne. Dans la pathogenèse de la rosacée, il est donc souhaitable de prendre en compte l'altération du microbiote cutané et des réponses immunitaires.La MRC peut détecter dans la peau sensible et la rosacée, les structures endommagées par l'épidermolyse du patient, y compris la parakératose, le désordre en nid d'abeille. Elle pourrait être utilisée comme nouvelle méthode auxiliaire de détection et de diagnostic.l est important de prendre en compte l'association des microorganismes, des paramètres biophysiques de la peau, du microenvironnement et de la barrière cutanée, y compris les barrières physiques, chimiques et microbiennes, même dans la peau normale, dans la conception des produits de soins de la peau et des médicaments antimicrobiens
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that almost exclusively affects the central facial skin. In these years, the morbidity ofrosacea in China has increased significantly. Each clinical signs of rosacea are related by the pathogenesis of this skin disease, and its pathophysiology is very complex, involving various cell types and molecules in the skin, and various subtypes. According these viewpoints, we chose the ERT and PPR patients, and focused on the microorganism and skin barrier to know more about the pathogenesis of rosacea. The first objective of this thesis was to know more about that whether the skin impaired microbiota is a response to changes in the skin microenvironment resulting from rosacea's underlying pathophysiology. And we also interested in the difference between the French rosacea patients and the Chinese patients in the skin barrier function. Another objective was to find the practical non-invasive testing technology to evaluate the rosacea patients'skin barrier damage condition and in the treatment efficacy. Through these testing, we could know more about the skin barrier situation of the patient, which will help us to choose the more suitable therapy approach for the long time treatment period for rosacea patients. Through these 4 years research of this thesis, we have shown that: Standardized Skin Surface Biopsy is a good practical method to measure Demodex Folliculorum density in rosacea and acne patients in clinical experience. RCM may be a better choice than SSSB because of its accuracy, completeness and as an in vivo noninvasive painless procedure. RCM appears to be a more sensitive method which could be used more in research or clinical studies or to follow up treatment or recurrence. According to the results of testing demodex number in les ions of PPR patients, we found that it was much higher in Besancon than Shanghai even ifwe used the same method. The physiological features of rosacea are strongly associated with the interactions between the host and microorganisms, and our data indicate the importance of the bacterial colonization balance on the skin surface. In the pathogenesis ofrosacea, we'd better to care more about the skin dysbiosis with the enhanced immunity responds. RCM can detect in sensitive skin and rosacea patient epidermal damaged structures, including parakeratosis, disarranged honeycomb pattern and reduced honeycomb pattern depth. lt could be used as a new kind of the new auxiliary method in the detection and diagnosis, providing the new mentality for the diagnosis and treatment. It is important that the association of microorganisms, skin biophysical parameters, microenvironment and skin barrier function including physical, chemical and microbial barriers even in normal skin, which is essential for designing skin care products and anti-microbial drugs

Рожеві вугри (розацеа) уважаються проблемою сучасної дерматовенерології з огляду на невизначеність етіології, зокрема, ролі кліщів-демодексів у виникненні хвороби, нез’ясованість у повній мірі патогенезу, а також через складність лікування. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32829

Застосування антидемодексних препаратів місцевої дії набуває важливого значення для терапії таких етіологічно та патогенетично пов'язаних дерматозів, як розацеа, демодикоз і дерматит періоральний. Ці захворювання шкіри посідають провідні місця серед хронічних дерматозів людини. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32849

Background: Rosacea is a common skin disorder that predominantly affects fair skinned people, particularly of Celtic origin. It usually presents with erythema, telangiectasia, and papulo-pustular lesions on the face and chest and usually triggered by sun exposure. The finding of a positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) has been reported in rosacea, as a consequence, those rosacea patients may be mislabeled as lupus erythematosus, often with important consequences in terms of treatment, and presumed prognosis. There is a limited literature examining rosacea and its associations with the positivity of ANA and connective tissue diseases (CTD). Objectives: This study investigated the relationship of different sub-types of rosacea with positivity of ANA test, musculo-skeletal systemic symptoms including myalgia, arthralgia and Raynaud’s phenomenon and CTD particularly lupus. Method: This was principally an observational study, I investigated a large group of patients (169 patients) with different subtypes of rosacea, identified from the dermatology and rheumatology departments in Doncaster Hospitals (93 patients) and Leeds Hospitals (76 patients). All patients had ANA blood screening test and all required data about their rosacea, associated systemic symptoms and previous history of CTD were recorded in special proformas after patients read information leaflet sheet and signed participation consent form. Results: The results showed no significant increase in the ANA positivity test (overall 13%), however, in patients without a history of CTD, the level of ANA positivity of both centres combined was (5.3%) which is similar to that reported in the general population; (One-sample Binomial test compared to null hypothesis proportion [5%] p=0.500). Around 15 - 20% of patients had one or more systemic symptoms. Arthralgia and myalgia had the same percentage as reported by the control group and in normal populations; however, Raynaud's phenomenon was slightly greater than reported in the control group and the general populations. There could be an inverse relationship between Raynaud's treatment with vasodilators and rosacea flushing symptom. Conclusion: This study confirmed that there is no evidence that any particular clinical sub-type of rosacea is associated with increased positivity of ANA or has specific relationship with CTD. The study also did not find any specific relationship between rosacea and systemic symptoms.

Fundamentos: a rosácea é uma dermatose freqüente que possui multiplicidade de fatores envolvidos no seu desencadeamento. Na literatura recente, há autores que apontam o Helicobacter pylori como um possível agente etiológico da doença. Porém os poucos estudos publicados sobre o assunto que utilizaram pacientes controles não encontraram evidências de que esta associação seja importante. No Brasil, não há trabalhos publicados quanto à exposição ao Helicobacter pylori em pacientes com rosácea, e mesmo o perfil geral dos pacientes com rosácea, no país, é pouco conhecido. Objetivos: o principal objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a exposição ao Helicobacter pylori constitui um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da rosácea. Os outros objetivos do trabalho foram: avaliar uma possível diferença da presença de distúrbios dispépticos entre casos de rosácea e controles, analisar se a exposição ao Helicobacter pylori ocorre homogeneamente nos diferentes estágios evolutivos da rosácea, e descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com rosácea. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo caso-controle no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre I Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e no Laboratório Faillace (Porto Alegre, RS), no período entre 15 de abril de 1996 e 18 de maio de 1998. Os casos de rosácea (n=62) foram definidos de acordo com o critério clínico de Marks ( 1992) e classificados de acordo com os critérios de Plewig e Kligman (1993). Em situações de dúvidas clínicas, foram realizadas biópsias cutâneas, e a histopatologia foi utilizada para definir os diagnósticos. Os pacientes controles (n=124) foram selecionados entre pacientes não portadores de rosácea, atendidos no mesmo Serviço. Houve pareamento para idade, sexo e raça e apenas pacientes acima de 18 anos foram incluídos. As variáveis aferidas em ambos os grupos foram renda familiar mensal, grau de escolaridade, uso prévio de medicamentos sistêmicos, presença de distúrbios dispépticos e sorologia (IgG por enzimaimunoensaio) para Helicobacter pylori. Foram realizadas análise de risco bivariada e análise estatística estratificada. Resultados: houve uma fraca associação entre a exposição ao Helicobacter pylori e a rosácea (OR= 1,41 p=0,367), porém a análise estratificada demonstrou que o uso de medicamentos prévios e a renda familiar mensal inferior a 10 salários mínimos agiram de modo a modificar a relação entre o fator em estudo e o desfecho. No estrato em que essas variáveis modificadoras de efeito não interferiram, verificou-se uma forte associação entre a bactéria e a dermatose (OR=8,0 p""0,023). Não ocorreram diferenças importantes entre casos e controles quanto à presença de distúrbios dispépticos; também não ocorreram diferenças importantes quanto à freqüência de reagência sorológica ao Helicobacter pylori entre os diferentes estágios evolutivos da rosácea. O perfil dos pacientes com rosácea da amostra mostrou-se semelhante aos já descritos na literatura mundial. Conclusão: a freqüência da sorologia reagente para Helicobacter pylori em casos e em controles demonstrou não existir uma forte associação de risco entre o bacilo e a dermatose, exceto quando as variáveis modificadoras de efeito são removidas. Portanto, a principal conclusão do estudo é que, provavelmente, o Helicobacter pylori constitua um fator de risco para a rosácea em determinados grupos de indivíduos.
Background: rosacea is a frequent dermatosis triggered by multiple factors. In recent literature there are authors who indicate Helicobacter pylori as a possible etiological agent of the disease. However, the few studies published on this subject using control patients did not find evidence that this association is important. In Brazil, no studies have been published regarding exposure to Helicobacter pylori in patients with rosacea, and even the general profile of the patients with rosacea in the country is little known. Objectives: the main objective of the study was to assess whether the exposure to Helicobacter pylori constitutes a risk factor for the development of rosacea. The other objectives ofthe study were: to assess a possible difference in the presence of dyspeptic disorders between cases of rosacea and the controls; to analyze whether exposure to Helicobacter pylori occurs homogeneously in the different stages of evolution of rosacea, and; to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile o f rosacea patients. Methodology: a case-control study was perfomed at the Dermatology Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre I Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and at Laboratório Faillace (Porto Alegre, RS), in the period from April 15, 1996 to May 18, 1998. The rosacea cases (n=62) were defined according to the clinicai criterion of Marks (1992) and classified according to the criteria ofPlewig and Kligman (1 993). In situations of clinicai doubt, skin biopsies were perfomed, and the histopathology was used to define the diagnoses. The control patients (n= l24) were selected among patients who did not have rosacea, seen at the same Service. Matching was perfomed for age, sex and race, and only patients over 18 years of age were included. The variables measured in both groups were monthly family income, schooling, previous use of systemic medications, presence of dyspeptic disorders and serology (lgG by enzyme immunoassay) for Helicobacter pylori. Bivariate risk analysis and stratified statistical analysis were perfomed. Results: a weak association was found between exposure to Helicobacter pylori and rosacea (OR= l ,41 p=0,367), but stratified analysis showed that the use of previous medications and family in come below 1 O rninimum wages modified the relationship between the factor studied and outcome. In the stratum where these effect-modifying variables did not interfere, a strong association was found between the bacteria nad dermatosis (OR=8,0 p=0,023). No significant ditferences were found as to frequency of serological reaction to Helicobacter pylori among the different evolutionary stages of rosacea. The profile ofthe rosacea patients in the sample proved similar to those already described in world literature. Conclusion: the frequency of serology reagent for Helicobacter pylori in cases and controls showed that there is not strong risk association between the bacillus and dermatosis, except when the effect-modifying variables are removed. Thus, the main conclusion o f the study is that, probably Helicobacter pylori constitues a risk factor for rosacea in certain groups o f individuais.

Demodex est un genre d’acariens dont deux espèces sont connues pour coloniser la peau de l’homme : Demodex folliculorum et Demodex brevis. Leur implication dans le développement de la rosacée reste controversée. Cette maladie est caractérisée par une inflammation chronique de la peau et est définie en quatre sous-type majeurs : la rosacée érythémato-télangiectasique (ETR), la rosacée papulopustuleuse (PPR), la rosacée phymateuse et la rosacée oculaire. Certains pensent que le rôle des acariens est principalement d’exacerber une inflammation déjà enclenchée. Toutefois, l’isolation par culture d’un Bacillus oleronius à partir du broyat d’un Demodex de patient atteint de rosacée papulopustuleuse ont remis sur le devant de la scène le rôle de l’acarien en tant que vecteur de bactéries pathogènes. Le but de notre étude était de décrire le microbiote associé au Demodex par clonage du gène de l’ARN ribosomal 16S afin d’identifier par la suite d’éventuelles différences en fonction du statut de l’hôte (ETR, PPR ou sain). Le microbiote décrit présentait une diversité jusqu’alors insoupçonnée. Une partie des espèces identifiées n’avaient jamais été rapportées chez l’homme, pouvant donc correspondre au microbiote spécifique de l’acarien. Il serait composé comme d’une majorité de Protéobactéries. De manière intéressante, les proportions des phyla majeurs étaient différentes en fonction du groupe étudié. De plus, il semblerait que certaines espèces soient spécifiques des Demodex collectés chez des patients atteints de rosacée. Par exemple, Bartonella quintana n’a été détectée qu’à partir de Demodex d’une patiente atteinte de rosacée érythémato-télangiectasique
Demodex is a genus of mites comprising two species known to colonize human skin: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. Their role in the pathogenesis of rosacea remains controversial. Rosacea is defined by a chronic inflammation of the skin and four main subtypes are defined : erythematotelangiectasic rosacea (ETR), papulopustular rosacea (PPR), phymatous rosacea and ocular rosacea. Mites are thought to be only involved in the exacerbation of a pre-existing inflammation. The growth of Bacillus oleronius from a crushed Demodex mite collected on a PPR patient gave rise to a new hypothesis that the mite is actually the vector of pathogenic bacteria. Present study aimed at describing the microbiote associated with Demodex mites by a 16S rRNA clone library approach. This allowed us to compare the obtained bacterial communities according to the group of patients the mites were collected from (erythematotelangiectasic rosacea, papulopustular rosacea or healthy subjects). The microbiota described here revealed an unexpected diversity. Part of the identified species had never been reported on human beings and could thus represent the microbiota specific to Demodex. As in many arthropods, this microbiota was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria. Interestingly, the proportion of the main phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria differed according to the host status. Though, some species appeared to be specific to Demodex collected from patients with erythematotelangiectasic rosacea or papulopustular rosacea. Among them, we identified Bartonella quintana only from a mite collected on a patient with erythematotelangiectasic rosacea

Le Demodex, petit acarien vivant dans les follicules pilo-sébacés de tous les humains adultes, est reconnu responsable des démodécies chez l’homme mais n’est considéré dans la rosacée, au plus, que comme un facteur aggravant potentiel d’une inflammation préexistante. Toutes nos observations, depuis 1983, convergent vers la confirmation de son rôle pathogène dans la rosacée, et suggèrent des liens physiopathologiques clairs entre rosacées avec papulopustules (RPP) avec ou sans érythème permanent, rosacée érythématotélangiectasique (RET), pityriasis folliculorum et autres démodécies. (1) Dans les biopsies cutanées, le Demodex est associé à l’inflammation périfolliculaire. (2) Le concept de densité en Demodex a été introduit et une méthode de prélèvement standardisée permettant de mesurer cette densité a été développée, puis perfectionnée. (3) Elle a permis de montrer que cette densité était nettement supérieure chez les patients atteints de démodécie et de RPP, que chez ceux avec peau saine et ceux atteints d’autres dermatoses faciales, les patients avec RPP sans prolifération en Demodex étant exceptionnels. (4) Un test diagnostique hautement spécifique et sensible, utilisable facilement en consultation a été élaboré et validé. (5) Des signes cliniques discrets de ces dermatoses ont été mis en évidence, de même que la grande fréquence des démodécies en consultation de dermatologie (alors qu’elles sont très peu diagnostiquées). (6) L’effet acaricide sur le Demodex de six traitements topiques a été comparé in vivo et les meilleures molécules ont été utilisées pendant une vingtaine d’années :sur base des résultats collectés, l’efficacité du traitement a été démontrée, non seulement sur la densité en Demodex mais également sur les symptômes cliniques, tant parmi les démodécies que dans la RPP, ce qui prouve indirectement que la prolifération en parasites n’est pas un épiphénomène mais est bien la cause de la maladie. (7) Parmi les modalités comparées, les plus intenses ont une efficacité plus rapide et une meilleure compliance. (8) La RET peut correspondre à une démodécie subclinique et est probablement un facteur favorisant la prolifération des parasites, tout comme le sont probablement l’hyperplasie sébacée et l’hypothyroïdie, tandis que la cortisone semble limiter leur prolifération quand celle-ci est excessive. (9) Les similarités et les confusions nosologiques entre les démodécies et les différentes formes de rosacée ont été mises en évidence, afin de montrer que ces dermatoses ne sont vraisemblablement que des phénotypes d’une seule et même maladie :ce sont toutes des démodécies. (10) Trois systèmes d’attribution d’une cause à une maladie convergent pour confirmer le rôle pathogène du Demodex dans la RPP. Nos observations doivent être confirmées par des études longitudinales et des études contrôlées, mais d’ores et déjà, ajoutées aux données actuelles de la littérature, elles nous semblent suffisantes pour reconnaître le rôle pathogène du parasite en médecine humaine et dans la rosacée en particulier. Cette reconnaissance donnerait une définition principalement étiologique à la rosacée, la classerait parmi les démodécies, et en faciliterait la prise en charge et le traitement. Nous proposons une hypothèse physiopathologique originale où le Demodex se trouve au centre d’un réseau causal « en toile d’araignée », la RPP étant considérée comme une infection chronique s’accompagnant d’épuisement lymphocytaire.
Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are small mites living in the pilosebaceous follicles of all adult humans. They are known to be responsible for demodicosis in humans but in rosacea are generally considered only as a potential aggravating factor of pre-existing inflammation. However, our observations since 1983 converge towards a pathogenic role of the Demodex mite in rosacea, and suggest clear pathophysiological links between rosacea with papulopustules (PPR) with or without persistent erythema, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), pityriasis folliculorum and other demodicoses. Summarising our findings: (1) In skin biopsies, Demodex is statistically associated with perifollicular inflammation. (2) The concept of Demodex density was introduced and a method to measure it using two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies was developed and refined. (3) It was shown that Demodex density was significantly higher in patients with demodicosis and PPR than in those with healthy skin and with other facial dermatoses; patients with PPR without Demodex proliferation detected are rare, and the few cases that do occur likely correspond to false negative results linked to proliferation of the mites deep in the pilosebaceous follicles, thus not detected by the sampling method. (4) A highly specific and sensitive diagnostic test based on the results from two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies was developed and validated and can be easily used during clinical consultation. (5) Less well-known clinical signs of these dermatoses were highlighted, as well as the high frequency of demodicoses in dermatologic consultations (although they are under-diagnosed). (6) The acaricidal effect of six topical treatments on Demodex was compared in vivo and the best molecules were used for about 20 years in our practice. From data collected from our patients during this time period, the efficacy of the treatment was demonstrated, not only on Demodex density but also on clinical symptoms, both in demodicosis and in PPR, indirectly showing that parasite proliferation is not an epiphenomenon, but is the cause of the disease. (7) Of the treatment modalities compared, those that were more intense worked more rapidly and had better compliance. (8) ETR may correspond to subclinical demodicosis and is probably a condition that favours parasite proliferation, as are sebaceous hyperplasia and hypothyroidism; cortisone seems initially to favour mite proliferation, but to limit it when Demodex density is very high. (9) The similarities and nosological confusion between demodicosis and the different forms of rosacea were highlighted, showing that these dermatoses are probably phenotypes of one and the same disease: they are all demodicoses. (10) Three systems used to attribute disease causality converge to confirm the pathogenic role of Demodex in PPR. Our observations need to be confirmed by longitudinal and controlled studies, but, combined with current data in the literature, they seem sufficient to recognise the pathogenic role of the parasite in human disease and in rosacea in particular. This recognition would enable a mainly aetiological definition to be given to rosacea, would classify it among the demodicoses, and would facilitate its management and treatment. We propose an original pathophysiological hypothesis in which Demodex is at the centre of a causal network, with PPR being considered a chronic infection accompanied by lymphocyte exhaustion.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Between August 2010 and September 2012, acoustic telemetry was used to monitor movements of 31 Yellow Snapper and 25 Leopard Grouper at Los Islotes reserve, a small rocky reef and reported spawning site for both species in the southwest Gulf of California. Overall, both species exhibited site fidelity to Los Islotes (grouper: present 64 f 30% of days; snapper: 49 ± 30%). Both species frequented rock and wall habitats; though snapper showed greater site attachment to specific portions of the reserve, grouper exhibited greater site fidelity to the entire reserve. Approximately 30% of snapper showed indications of spawning-related migrations elsewhere in the Gulf, though no clear seasonal pattern of migration was found for grouper. The limited degree of spawning-related emigration and moderate-high levels of site fidelity indicate that if properly placed, small reserves such as Los Islotes may yet adequately protect small, resident populations of snapper and grouper.

L’agriculture moderne utilise depuis plus de cinquante ans de nombreux produits phytosanitaires de traitement dans le but d’assurer les meilleurs rendements et de limiter les pathogènes néfastes pour la santé humaine ou animale. Jusqu’à peu, la quantité de résidus phytosanitaires présents dans les denrées alimentaires (fruits, légumes, céréales, plantes fourragères, produits transformés…) était certes contrôlée mais en règle générale, ne soulevait que très peu d’interrogation en terme de conséquences à plus ou moins long terme. A l’heure actuelle, des exigences de plus en plus drastiques apparaissent et se généralisent. Les produits issus des industries agricole et agroalimentaire doivent répondre à des normes de plus en plus strictes en terme de résidus pour rester compétitives. En particulier, dans le cas des pommes, dont le nombre de traitements par saison est l’un des plus élevé en France, les exigences tendent vers le zéro résidu détectable. La stratégie de cette étude repose, dans un premier temps, sur la compréhension des phénomènes de transfert à la surface du fruit. Une caractérisation physico-chimique de l’épiderme de différentes variétés de pommes a conduit à l’identification des structures impliquées dans l’interaction molécule bioactivematrice biopolymérique. Le fludioxonil a été choisi comme molécule modèle en raison de sa fréquence d’utilisation comme fongicide de conservation et de sa composition atomique (présence de fluors). Les épidermes de pommes Fuji ont servi de matrice modèle. Dans un second temps, un procédé de traitement par voie chimique des pommes a été mis au point et développé pour extraire les résidus de 12 molécules de phytosanitaires parmi les plus couramment utilisées dans les vergers de pommiers du Midi-Pyrénées. Trois variétés de pommes populaires en France ont été sélectionnées pour leurs différentes périodes de récolte correspondant à des risques de contamination variables. Les résultats ont conduit à la proposition d’un schéma de désorption des molécules bioactives dans la matrice biopolymérique, basé sur les théories de la solubilité de Hildebrandt et de Hansen. En complément, le développement d’une méthode analytique de quantification par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse trappe d’ions (GC/MS2) des molécules phytosanitaires dans la matrice épidermique des pommes a mis en évidence que : 1- l’augmentation de la concentration des analytes d’intérêt au-dessus des limites de détection de la technique analytique appliquée favorisait la quantification des très faibles traces, voire des ultratraces ; 2- les analytes d’intérêt subissaient en parallèle des effets matrice négatifs. Une forte interaction entre certains analytes de la matrice et les phytosanitaires a été démontrée et une méthode de purification basée sur un couplage chromatographie sur couche mince haute performance avec la GC/MS2 (CCMHP/GC/MS2) a été proposée afin de minimiser les effets matrice négatifs dans
For more than fifty years, the modern agriculture uses lots of products for crop protection in order to ensure optimum yields and to limit pathogens harmful for human or animal health. Until recently, the levels of pesticides in foodstuffs (fruits, vegetables, cereals, forage crops, processed food…) were controlled but usually not problematic regarding the effects over time. Nowadays, more and more drastic requirements are appearing and becoming widespread. The products from farming and food industries must satisfy stricter and stricter standards in terms of residues for maintaining competitiveness. Particularly, for apples, whose treatments per season are among the highest in France, requirements tend to the zero detectable residue. The strategy of this work deals with, on one hand, the understanding of the transfert stages involved at the outer surface of the fruit. A physicochemical characterizations of epiderms of different apples led to the identification of the structures involved in the relationship between bioactive molecule and biopolymeric matrix. Fludioxonil was chosen for modelization for its frequency of use and for its atomic composition (fluorine). The epiderms of Fuji apples were selected as the matrix-model. On the other hand, a chemically treatment process of apples was studied and developed to release the residues of 12 pesticides among the most currently used in apple orchards of Midi-Pyrenees. Three varieties of apples among the most popular in France were selected for their different periods of harvest corresponding to variable pests risks. The results led to a possible scheme of desorption of bioactive molecules in the biopolymeric matrix, based on the theory of solubility developed by Hildebrandt and Hansen. In addition, the development of an analytical mehtod of quantitation of pesticides in the epidermal matrix of apples by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ion trap (GC/MS2) highlighted that : 1- the increase of the concentrations of the analytes of interest over the limits of detection of the applied analytical method promoted the quantitation of very low traces, even ultratraces ; 2- the analytes of interest concurrently underwent negative matrix effects. A strong interaction between some matrix analytes with pesticides was demonstrated and a mehtod of cleanup based on the hyphenation of high performance thin layer chromatography with GC/MS2 (HPTLC/GC/MS2) was suggested to minimize the negative matrix effects in that kind of concentrated matrix extracts

Introdução: Rosácea é uma doença inflamatória cutânea crônica relativamente comum, com incidência que varia de 2 a 10%. Caracteriza-se pelo surgimento de pápulas e pápulo-pustulas, eritema e telangiectasias precedidas por episódios de flushing. Apesar de não ser doença que comprometa o estado geral dos doentes, por ter acometimento preferencial da face, representa problema estético acentuado que interfere na socialização e qualidade de vida dos doentes. A etiologia da rosácea permanece incerta. A participação da imunidade inata tem sido implicada recentemente. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o envolvimento da imunidade inata na patogenia da rosácea através de pesquisa de células de Langerhans, células plasmocitóides (PDC), receptores \"toll-like\" (TLR) e expressão da forma induzida da enzima óxido nítrico sintase (iNOS) em biopsias de pele de pacientes com diagnóstico de rosácea. Métodos: Biopsias de 28 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de Rosácea foram classificadas de acordo com características histopatológicas em Rosácea Granulomatosa (RG) (n = 10) e Rosácea Não Granulomatosa (RNG) (n = 18), e submetidas à técnica imunoistoquímica para demonstração de células de Langerhans (anticorpo anti-CD1a) (n = 26), PCD (anticorpo anti- CD123) (n = 24) e expressão dos receptores toll-like 2 e 4, bem como da forma induzida da óxido nítrico sintase (iNOS) (n = 28). Todos foram comparados com controles de pele normal (n = 15). Resultados: A população de células de Langerhans epidérmicas foi menor no grupo rosácea. Foram encontradas PDC dérmicas isoladas ou agrupadas no grupo rosácea, representando um novo dado no estudo da sua etiopatogenia. A expressão de TLR 2, TLR 4 e iNOS foi maior no grupo rosácea do que no grupo controle, estando distribuída com forte predominância na epiderme e anexos. Não houve diferença dos achados entre os grupos RG e RNG. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se, pela primeira vez, a presença de PDC nas lesões de rosácea. Juntamente com os outros marcadores estudados, os resultados apresentados confirmam a participação da imunidade inata na patogênese da rosácea através de mecanismos interdependentes e associados
Introduction: Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory condition with a reported prevalence between 2 and 10%. The disease has a variety of clinical manifestations that include flushing, persistent erythema, papules, pustules and telangiectasia. Because the facial skin is the predominant site of involvement, many patients sense that rosacea alters their social interactions affecting quality of life. The etiology of rosacea remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested that aberrant innate immunity is central to this disease. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of Langerhans cells, plasmacytoid dentritic cells (PDC), and the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) and inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS) in skin of patients with rosacea, in order to highlight the participation of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods: 28 biopsy specimens were taken from patients with clinical and histopathological findings of rosacea. The samples were classified as Granulomatous rosacea (GR) (n= 10) or Non-Granulomatous rosacea (NGR) (n =18) according to histopathological features. Immunohistochemical demonstration of Langerhans cells (anti-CD1a antibody) (n = 24), PDC (anti-CD 123 antibody) (n = 26), TLR 2, TLR 4 and iNOS (n = 28) was performed in skin samples. The results were compared to normal skin control group (n = 15). Results: The number of Langerhans cells was lower in rosacea group than in control group. PDC were found in skin samples of rosacea as isolated cells and forming small clusters which represents a new contribution to the researches of its etiology. Expression of TLR2, TLR4 and iNOS was higher in rosacea samples than in normal skin controls, predominatly located in epidermal and adnexal structures. The comparison between GR and NGR groups did not show significant statistical difference. Conclusion: This research demonstrates, for the first time, the presence of PDC in lesions of rosacea, which together with the other results of this study, ratifies the existence of an altered innate immunity in pathogenesis of rosacea

This thesis comprises studies of the phylogenetic relationships in the flowering plant clade Potentilleae in Rosaceae. The relationships were elucidated by using DNA sequence data from the nuclear genome as well as from the plastid genome. In particular, the focus of the studies was the investigation of allopolyploidy, i.e. speciation as a result of hybridization and subsequent chromosome doubling. A phylogenetic method was used for identifying allopolyploidy through comparison of trees resulting from the analyses of different DNA sequences. Five sub-clades were investigated. First, both the sister clades that together contain all of Potentilleae: Fragariinae and Potentilla. Secondly, three subclades of Fragariinae, namely Alchemilla in wide sense, Sibbaldia and relatives, and Fragaria. The aim was to unravel the phylogenetic relationships, including instances of allopolyploidy. Classification issues were discussed in relation to the phylogenetic results. The split between Potentilla (=Potentillinae) and Fragariinae received better support than in previous studies. The phylogeny of Fragariinae was found to be consistent with classifying ten genera: Alchemilla in wide sense (incl. Aphanes and Lachemilla), Comarum, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldianthe, Sibbaldiopsis, Chamaerhodos, Drymocallis, Dasiphora, Potaninia, Fragaria, and also including a few orphan Potentilla species. The segregated genera Ivesia, Horkelia, Horkeliella and Duchesnea were found to be nested within Potentilla, corroborating earlier studies, while the segregated genus Argentina (P. anserina and close relatives) showed an ambiguous position. Plastid and nuclear (ribosomal) phylogenies were compared and incongruences were detected as potential instances of allopolyploid speciation. Five strongly supported incongruences were detected in Fragariinae and four of them were considered to be potentially caused by allopolyploidy. In addition, five supported incongruences were found in Potentilla. Alchemilla in the wide sense was found to contain four major clades, African Alchemilla, Eurasian Alchemilla, Lachemilla and Aphanes. Both Lachemilla and Aphanes were nested within Alchemilla and it was suggested that the name Alchemilla should be used in the wide sense, i.e. including both the genera Lachemilla and Aphanes. The genus Sibbaldia as commonly classified was shown to be polyphyletic in five different places in Potentilleae. Three Sibbaldia clades ended up in Fragariinae and two in Potentilla. A phylogeny of Fragaria, based on a nuclear low/single copy DNA region was estimated. The gene copy phylogeny was used to construct a reticulate tree hypothesizing allopolyploid speciation events. The evolution of Fragaria was shown to have been shaped by polyploidy.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

Bibliography: leaves 151-174.
The Cape Floristic Region is the most diverse of the Mediterranean climate floras. Cliffortia (Rosaceae) is one of the ten largest genera within the Cape Flora with 117 species currently recognised, 104 of which are endemic to the region. I investigate the processes that have driven the diversification of Cliffortia within the Cape Floristic Region by means of comparative analyses based on a phylogenetic hypothesis.

Invasive species are an increasing threat to biological diversity as well as a leading cause of recent species’ extinctions. Invasives spread quickly and efficiently, and the U.S spends millions of dollars annually in the control and eradication of these species. More information is necessary in order to predict which species may become invasive. Rubus (Rosaceae) was chosen for study because this genus includes various ploidy levels, reproductive modes, and species that are invasive as well as native. Three Rubus species were chosen to represent apomictic and tetraploid invasives (Rubus armeniacus), a sexual and diploid native species (R. occidentalis), and a sexual and diploid invasive species (R. phoenicolasius). Specimens were collected across the U.S. and two different genetic fingerprinting techniques were used; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Randomly Amplified Fingerprints (RAF). Using three AFLP primers and two RAF primers, genetic similarity was determined and phylograms were constructed. Through statistical analysis and phylogram data it was determined that there might be slightly more genetic diversity in native R. occidentalis than in invasive R. phoenicolasius. Genetic diversity between apomictic and tetraploid Rubus armeniacus and the two sexual and diploid Rubus species were so similar that no distinction could be made, although the mean pairwise distances and mean number of alleles were significantly different. It was also found that geographic distance and genetic similarity do not appear to be related in these three Rubus species. During the course of this study it was also observed that the AFLP technique produced more alleles than the RAF technique, although this difference was not significant.

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Os compostos fenólicos são metabólitos secundários encontrados nas plantas que apresentam efeitos biológicos, incluindo atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana. A descoberta de novos agentes é de extrema importância para um país como o Brasil que possui imensa biodiversidade. O gênero Rubus tem sido estudado por ser fonte de importantes princípios ativos com atividade antioxidante, antitumoral e anti-inflamatória. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e determinar o conteúdo de flavonoides e polifenóis nos extratos aquosos, etanólicos e hidroetanólicos de folhas e frutos de Rubus sellowii Cham. & Schltdl., espécie nativa, endêmica do Brasil. Os métodos utilizados foram Folin-Ciocalteu para polifenóis, espectroscopia para flavonoides, capacidade de redução do radical DPPH por espectrofotometria para atividade antioxidante e o método de micro diluição para atividade antimicrobiana. O conteúdo de polifenóis variou de 182 a 5097 mg de EAG/100 g de frutos e folhas, respectivamente. Para o teor de flavonoides totais, a variação foi de 16 a 234 mg de ERU/g, sendo as menores quantidades para os extratos de frutos. Os frutos apresentaram a menor capacidade antioxidante e o extrato etanólico de folhas apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante. Na atividade antimicrobiana, os extratos hidroetanólicos mostraram ação bactericida frente à S. aureus. Os extratos de folhas e frutos tiveram ação bacteriostática sobre E. coli. Já a levedura C. albicans se mostrou resistente a todos os extratos testados. As atividades apresentadas pelos extratos podem estar relacionadas à presença de polifenóis e flavonoides em quantidades consideradas elevadas tanto em frutos quanto em folhas. A utilização da espécie, especialmente dos frutos, deve ser estimulada a fim de reduzir o risco de algumas doenças.

Nesavesna upotreba antibiotika izazvala je razvoj antimikrobne rezistencije zabrinjavajućih razmera. Porast rezistencije prema konvencionalnim antimikrobicima nametnuo je potrebu pronalaska novih supstanci, koje će biti delotvorne protiv otpornih sojeva. U poslednje četiri decenije, dominira trend da se lekovi i lekovita sredstava prave na bazi prirodnih proizvoda, a naročito biljnog materijala. Hemijski sastav plodova porodice ruža (Rosaceae) upućuje na to da bi određene vrste ove porodice biljaka mogle ispoljavati antimikrobno dejstvo. Plodovi voća porodice Rosaceae istraživani u okviru ove disertacije su: malina (Rubus idaeus), kupina (Rubus fruticosus), trešnja (Prunus avium), višnja (Prunus cerasus) i aronija (Aronia prunifolia). Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je antimikrobno tj. antibakterijsko, antigljivično, antialgalno i antivirusno dejstvo sokova i ekstrakata plodova odabranog voća porodice Rosaceae gajenog i prikupljenog na teritoriji Srbije na širok spektar humanih i animalnih patogenih mikroorganizama.Sokovi su dobijeni ceđenjem svežih plodova voća. Ekstrakti su dobijeni iz ostataka voća nakon ceđenja (tropa) metodom dvostruke etanolne ekstrakcije. Nakon ceđenja i ekstrakcije sprovođeno je uparavanje do suva sokova i ekstrakata. HPLC metodom je ispitano prisutstvo 23 hemijske komponente u svakom od sokova i ekstrakata. Antimikrobna analiza je sprovedena na 21 mikroorganizmu, od čega su 15 bile bakterije, 2 gljivice, 2 alge i 2 virusi. Od navedenih mikroorganizama 14 je bilo autohtonih izolata, a 7 referentnih sojeva. Ispitivanje antibakterijskog, antifungalnog i antialgalnog dejstva plodova odabranog voća je sprovedeno difuzionom i mikrodilucionom metodom. Analiza antivirusne aktivnosti plodova odabranog voća je sprovedena posmatranjem inhibicije citopatogenog efekta (CPE) virusnih čestica na ćelijsku kulturu. Sve studije su sprovedene u triplikatu. Rezultati hemijske analize su obrađeni statistikom metodom srednje vrednosti, uz računanje standardne devijacije. Eksperimentalno dobijeni podaci u okviru ispitivanja antibakterijskog, antigljivičnog i antialgalnog dejstva su uvršteni u statističku analizu. Metodom aproksimacije je utvrđena tačna koncentracija soka ili ekstrakta koja daje željeni efekat na ispitivani mikroorganizam. Rezultati analize antivirusnog dejstva su statistički obrađeni metodom srednje vrednosti. Kako bi se utvrdio stepen povezanosti rezultata dobijenih u okviru antimikrobnih analiza sa hemijskim supstancama prisutnim u plodovima odabranog voća sprovedena je regresiona analiza za vaki pojedinačni slučaj. Antibakterisjko, antiungalno i antialgalno dejstvo sokova i ekstrakata je upoređeno sa istim dejstvima konvencionalnih antimikrobnih lekova. Najveću ukupnu količinu ispitivanih supstanci je sadržao ekstrakt kupine (3965,56 mg/ml), a najmanju ekstrakt trešnje (161,44 mg/ml). Od svih ispitivanih hemijskih supstanci, samo su: antocijani, katehin, galna kiselina i vitamin C, prisutni u svim ispitivanim sokovima i ekstraktima. Sve ispitivane biljke sadrže veću količinu supstanci u ekstraktu, osim kod trešnje, kod koje se veća količina supstanci nalazi u soku. U najvećoj meri su u sokovima i ekstraktima plodova biljaka prisutni antocijani i to najviše kod kupine od ekstrakata, a kod maline od sokova. Antimikrobno (antibakterijsko, antifungalno, antialgalno i antivirusno) dejstvo je dokazano za svaki od sokova i/ili ekstrakata plodova odabranog voća. Po prosečnim vrednostima rezultata dilucione analize antimikrobnog i dejstva na MDBK ćelije, protiv najvećeg broja mikroorganizama najdelotvorniji je bio ekstrakt kupine, a neaktivan ili najslabije aktivan (aktivan u najvećoj koncentraciji) sok trešnje. Prosečne vrednosti antimikrobnog i dejstva na MDBK ćelije su bile u opsegu od 0,71 mg/ml do 100 mg/ml. Sve ispitivane supstance su pokazale antibakterijsku aktivnost u ispitivanim koncentracijama na sve ispitivane bakterije, osim soka maline na Escherichia-u coli i soka aronije na Klebsiella-u pneumoniae. Ekstrakti su bolje delovali u većini slučajeva, uz nekoliko izuzetaka. Sve ispitivane supstance su pokazale antfiungalnu aktivnost na Candida-u albicans ATCC 24433, osim soka aronije. Na autohtoni soj Candida-e albicans su delovali samo ekstrakti kupine i trešnje. Ekstrakti su bolje delovali u većini slučajeva, osim kupine na Candida-u albicans ATCC 24433, u kojem je dejstvo soka bilo jednako sa dejstvom ekstrakta. Iako su skoro svi ispitivani sokvi i ekstrakti ispoljili antialgalno dejstvo, na Prototheca-u wickerhamii nisu delovali višnja i sok maline, dok sok aronije nije delovao antialgalno ni na jednu od ispitivanih Prototheca. Ekstrakti su bolje delovali u većini slučajeva, osim maline kod koje je, u oba slučaja, bolje delovao sok. Sve ispitivane supstance su pokazale antivirusnu aktivnost na Bovine herpesvirus i Bovine viral diarrhea virus, kao i toksičnost na MDBK ćelije, osim sokova maline i trešnje, koji su bili neaktivni protiv Bovine herpesvirus-a. Ekstrakti su bolje delovali u većini slučajeva, osim trešnje na MDBK ćelije i Bovine viral diarrhea virus, na koje je jače delovao sok. U potpunosti jednako delovanje soka i ekstrakta je uočeno kod aronije za sva tri dejstva i maline za toksičnost na MDBK ćelije. Pri ispitivanju difuzionom metodom antibiotik je ispoljio jače dejstvo u odnosu na sokove i ekstrakte, osim ekstrakata kupine, maline i višnje na Trueperella-u pyogenes. Pri ispitivanju dilucionom metodom, dejstvo ekstrakata i sokova na Gram pozitivne bakterije je bilo uporedivo sa dejstvom Streptomicina, dok je dejstvo antibiotika na Gram negativne bakterije bilo jače u odnosu na sokove i ekstrakte, izuzetev jačeg dejstva ekstrakta maline protiv Escherichia-e coli. Nistatin je sve antifungalne i antialgalne efekte na gljivice i alge obuhvaćene istraživanjem ispoljio u manjim koncentracijama u odnosu na ispitivane sokove i ekstrakte.Najpovezanije sa antibakterijskim dejstvom sokova i ekstrakata na odgovarajuće mikroorganizme su bile: kumarinska, ferulna i galna kiselina, katehin. Najveći procenat povezanosti sa antimikrobnom aktivnosti ploda imali su antocijani na Enterococcus faecalis (71,94%). Najmanje povezani sa antimikrobnom aktivnosti na odgovarajuće mikroorganizme su bili: hlorogenska kiselina, kempferol, kumarinska i siringinska kiselina, vitamin C, vanilinska kiselina, epikatehin, katehin, rutin, krisin, elaginska i p-hidroksibenzoeva kiselina. Saznanja dobijena u okviru ove disertacije proširuju obim znanja o antimikrobnom dejtvu voća i predstavljaju osnovicu za svrsishodniju primenu voća kako u ishrani tako i u terapiji. Međutim, dalja istraživanja u smislu proširenja spektra ispitivanih mikroorganizama, antimikrobnih studija pojedinačnih komponenti iz plodova i mehanizama dejstva su potrebna.
Nonconscientious use of antibiotics has caused the development of antimicrobial resistance of worrying proportions. The increase in resistance to conventional antimicrobials has imposed a need to find new substances that will be effective against resistant strains. Over the last four decades, the trend is to medicines and medicinal products be made on the basis of natural products, and especially plant material. The chemical composition of the Rose family (Rosaceae) fruits suggests that certain species of this family of plants may exhibit an antimicrobial effect. The fruits of the Rosaceae family studied in the framework of this dissertation are: Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), Cherry (Prunus avium), Cherry (Prunus cerasus) and Aronia (Aronia prunifolia). The subject of the research of this doctoral dissertation is antimicrobial ie. antibacterial, antifungal, antialgal and antiviral effects of juices and fruit extracts, of the selected fruit of the Rosaceae family collected on the territory of Serbia, on a wide range of human and animal pathogenic microorganisms. Juices were obtained by the process of squeezing fresh fruits. The extracts were obtained from residues of fruits after extraction (pomace) by the double ethanol extraction method. After squeezing and extraction, evaporation to dryness of juices and extracts was carried out. The presence of 23 chemical components in each of the juices and extracts was examined by the HPLC method. Antimicrobial analysis was carried out on 21 microorganisms, of which 15 were bacteria, 2 fungi, 2 algae and 2 viruses. 14 of these microorganisms were autochthonous isolates and 7 reference strains. The antibacterial, antifungal and antialgal effect of the selected fruit was tested by the diffusion and microdilution method. The analysis of the fruits antiviral activity was carried out by observing the inhibition of cytopathogenic effect (CPE) of viral particles per cell culture. All studies were conducted in triplicate. The results of the chemical analysis were processed by means of a mean value method, with calculation of the standard deviation. The experimentally obtained data within the antibacterial, antifungal and antialgal examination were included in the statistical analysis. The method of approximation was used in order to determine the exact concentration of the juice or extract, which gives the desired effect on the examined microorganisms. The results of the antiviral analysis were statistically processed using the mean value method. In order to determine the degree of correlation of the results obtained in the framework of antimicrobial analysis with the chemical substances present in the fruits of the selected fruit, regression analysis was carried out for each individual case. Antibacterial, antifungal and antialgic effects of juices and extracts are compared with he same effects of conventional antimicrobial drugs, Streptomycin and Nystatin. The largest total amount of test substances was contained by blackberry extract (3965.56 mg/ ml), and the smallest by extract of sweet cherry (161.44 mg/ ml). Of all the investigated chemicals, only: anthocyanins, catechins, gallic acids and vitamin C were present in all examined juices and extracts. All investigated plants contain a higher amount of substances in the extract, except for sweet cherries, in which a greater amount of substances is present in the juice. In the juices and extracts of fruits anthocyanins are present to the greatest extent, mostly in the blackberry extract, and in raspberry juices. According to the average values of the results of the dilution analysis of the antimicrobial and the effect on the MDBK cell, the most effective was the blackberry extract and the most active inactive (active in the highest concentration) cherry juice against the most numerous microorganisms. The average antimicrobial values and effects on the MDBK cells were in the range of 0.71 mg/ ml to 100 mg/ ml. All investigated substances showed antibacterial activity in the tested concentrations on all examined bacteria, except raspberry juice on Escherichia coli and aronia juice on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Extracts acted better in most cases, with few exceptions. All investigated substances showed antifungal activity on Candida albicans ATCC 24433, except aronia juice. On the autochthonous Candida albicans, only blackberry and sweet cherry extracts were active. Extracts worked better in most cases, except for blackberry on Candida albicans ATCC 24433, in which the effect of the juice was equally efficient as the extract. Although almost all of the examined juices and extracts exhibited an antialgal effect, the sour cherry and raspberry juice did not work on the Prototheca wickerhamii, while the aronia juice did not express antialgal activity to any of tested Prototheca isolates. Extracts worked better in most cases, apart from raspberries, wich juice was stronger in both cases. All investigated substances showed antiviral activity on Bovine herpesvirus and Bovine viral diarrhea virus, as well as the toxicity to MDBK cells, except for raspberry and cherry juices, that were inactive against Bovine herpesvirus. The extracts worked better in most cases, except sweet cherries on MDBK cells and Bovine viral diarrhea virus, whose juice had stronger effect. The equally effective action of juice and extract was observed in aronia for all three effects and raspberries for toxicity to MDBK cells. In the diffusion test, antibiotic showed a stronger effect than juices and extracts, except for extracts of blackberry, raspberry and sour cherries on Trueperella pyogenes. In a dilution study, the effect of extracts and juices on Gram-positive bacteria was comparable to that of Streptomycin, while the effect of the antibiotic on Gram negative bacteria was stronger than juices and extracts, with exception of the stronger effect of raspberry extract against Escherichia coli. Nystatin has expressed its all antifungal and antialgal effects on fungi and algae included in the study in smaller concentrations compared to the examined juices and extracts. The most consistent with the antibacterial effect of juices and extracts on the appropriate microorganisms were: coumarin, ferulan and gallic acid, catechin. The highest percentage of association with antimicrobial activity of the fruits was given by anthocyanins to Enterococcus faecalis (71.94%). The least related to the antimicrobial activity on the appropriate microorganisms were: chlorogenic acid, champferol, coumarin and saringic acid, vitamin C, vanillic acid, epicatechin, catechin, rutin, chrysin, elaginic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The knowledge gained through this dissertation expands the scope of knowledge on antimicrobial activity of fruits and forms the basis for more effective use of fruits in both therapy and nutrition. However, further research in terms of extending the range of examined microorganisms, antimicrobial studies of individual fruits components and mechanisms of action are required.

Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of using plants therapeutically including multiple species of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae). Fruits and other parts of Rubus plants have had a significant effect on human health and nutrition in both ancient and modern times. The pharmacological effects of Rubus include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-stress, anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. One of the current challenges limiting further development of Rubus resources in traditional Chinese medicine is a poor understanding of phylogenetic relationships among Rubus species in general and especially among Asian species, and also the need for additional studies of phytochemicals. Several confounding factors are frequent hybridization, polyploidy, and highly variable morphology due in part to diverse ecological conditions across species’ distributions. The goal of this study was to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among Rubus species in the predominantly Asian subgenera Idaeobatus and Malachobatus emphasizing species valued in traditional Chinese medicine. Sequences of six noncoding (plus matK) chloroplast DNA regions totaling 8,276 aligned characters were analyzed for 35 Rubus species using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML). Both analytical approaches yielded topologically identical phylogenies except for one additional grouping in the ML tree. The phylogeny has nearly complete resolution and divides the species into two primary clades; one comprises R. geoides (representing the Southern Trans-Pacific clade), R. nivalis (subg. Chamaebatus) and R. trivialis (representing subg. Rubus) and the other is composed largely of R. arcticus and R.saxatilis (subg. Cylactis), and the large subgenera Idaeobatus (raspberries) and Malachobatus. Within the latter, principally Asian clade, three unresolved lineages exist (four using MP) precluding an improved understanding of the relationships among them. However, three major subclades containing Asian species have good support. Two contain subg. Idaeobatus species only, and the third comprises members of the exclusively polyploid subgenera Malachobatus and Dalibardastrum. Examination of the presence of biochemically active terpenes reveal that triterpenes are common among subg. Idaeobatus species with diterpenes reported only in R. pungens and R. chingii (not sampled). Subg. Malachobatus species have not been as thoroughly investigated so triterpenes may also be common in these species. From these results, multiple subg. Idaeobatus and subg. Malachobatus species may be good candidates for terpene analysis as members of their respective clades possess triterpenes. Moreover, five species not currently used in traditional Chinese medicine should be evaluated as they also occur in China, and may possess medicinal value.

Lietuvoje dekoratyviųjų želdinių poreikio augimas stebimas kasmet. Kartu su augančia rinka daugėja ir įmonių užsiimančių sodinukų prekyba. Deja, jų auginimas Lietuvoje yra kur kas mažiau populiarus. Nežiūrint to, kad pirkėjas dažnai mieliau renkasi vietoje išaugintus sodmenis, dauguma medelynų negali pasiūlyti pakankamos augalų įvairovės. Tokia situacija susidaro dėl gana sudėtingų aplinkybių, susiformuojančių šiame versle. Viena priežasčių yra augalų įšaknydijimui gana nepalankios klimato sąlygos ir brangūs augimo reguliatoriai. Šio darbo tikslas: įvertinti augimo reguliatoriaus „POKON“ poveikį erškėtinių, sausmedinių ir raugerškinių šeimų augalų žaliųjų auginių įsišaknidijimui. Tikslui pasiekti buvo suformuoti tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti medelynų veiklą, apibendrinti augalų šaknijimąsi lemiančius veiksnius bei įvertinti augimo reguliatoriaus „POKON“ veiksmingumą pasirinktų augalų šeimų žaliųjų auginių rizogenezei. Eksperimentai buvo atlikti Kaišiadorių rajone, Kalniškių kaime per laikotarpį nuo 2010 birželio 17 dienos iki 2010 rugpjūčio 17 dienos. Vertinant auginių įsišaknijimo potencialą, buvo skaičiuojamas auginių įsišaknijimo procentas, išaugusių šaknų bei naujų ūglių skaičius. Apibendrinus tyrimo rezultatus, padarytos tokios išvados: 1. Bakalauro darbe atliktais eksperimentais parodyta, kad augimo reguliatorius „POKON“ gali būti naudojamos augalų rizogenezei inicijuoti. 2. Nustatytas teigimas „POKON“ poveikis šaknų augimui žaliaisiais auginiais dauginant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
In Lithuania ornamental plants demand is growing every year and it is monitored annually. Coupled with the growing of market, the same time is growing and plants marketing. Unfortunately, their production in Lithuania is much less popular in spite of the fact that buyers often prefer to shop locally harvested saplings, most nurseries can not offer a sufficient variety of plants. This situation arises for quite difficult circumstances in this business. One of the reason is that plant roots are growing bad in this climatic conditions, plus expensive growing regulators. The point of this work is: to evaluate the growing regulator „POKON“ impact for rose, honeysuckles and barberry families for green cuttings of plants. In order to achieve the following objectives were set to analyze: the nursery operations, plant roots growing summarize and assess the determinants of „POKON“ the effectiveness for selected plant families. The experiments were carried out at Kaišiadorys district, Kalniškės village during the period from 2010 June 17 until 2010 August 17. The assessment of the cuttings roots potential, was calculated by the percentage increase in the roots and new shoots. Summarizing the results, was made following conclusions: 1. Undergraduate work performed experiments showed that the growing regulator „POKON“ can be used to initiate plant rhizogenesis. 2. Set assertion of „POKON“ for root cuttings by multiplying the sturgeon, honeysuckles and barberry families of plants. 3... [to full text]

Acetonski ekstrakti bobičastog voća iz familija Ericaceae(borovnica, Vaccinium myrtillus L., i brusnica, Vacciniummacrocarpon L.) i Rosaceae (šipak, Rosa canina L., i glog,Crataegus oxyacantha L.) prečišćeni su i frakcionisaniprimenom ekstrakcije na čvrstoj fazi (SPE). Sadržaj ukupnihpolifenolnih jedinjenja, flavonoida i antocijana u prečišćenimekstraktima određeni su spektrofotometrijskim metodama.HPLC analizom utvrđen je kvalitativni i kvantitativnisastav frakcija ekstrakata ispitivanih bobica. ESR spektroskopijomispitana je antiradikalska aktivnost frakcija ekstrakatabobica na stabilne DPPH^● i reaktivne superoksid anjon ihidroksil radikale. ESR spektroskopijom ispitano je iprisustvo slobodnih radikala antioksidanata nastalih tokomreakcije frakcija ekstrakata bobica sa superoksid anjonradikalima. U završnoj fazi rada ispitana je in vitroantiproliferativna aktivnost frakcija ekstrakata bobica, njihovimdelovanjem na rast tri histološki različite humane ćelijskelinije: HeLa (epitelni karcinom cerviksa), HT-29 (adenokarcinomdebelog creva) i MCF-7 (adenokarcinom dojke).
Acetone extracts of berries form Ericaceae (bilberry, Vacciniummyrtillus L., and cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarponL.) and Rosaceae (rose hip, Rosa canina L., and hawthorn,Crataegus oxyacantha L.) families were purified and fractionatedusing solid phase extraction (SPE). Contents of totalpolyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins in purified extractswere determined by spectrophotometric methods.HPLC analysis were used for quantitative and qualitativecharacterization of investigated berry extracts fractions. ESRspectroscopy was used for investigation of antiradical activityof berry extracts fractions on stable DPPH^● andreactive superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Thepresence of antioxidant free radicals formed during reactionof investigated berry extracts fractions with superoxideanion radicals was also investigated by ESR. Antiprolixferativeactivity of investigated berry extracts fractions wasdetermined in vitro, testing their influence on the growth ofthree histologically different human cell lines: HeLa (cervixepithelioid carcinoma), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma) iMCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma).

Ce memoire est consacre a l'etude des lipides de sept huiles extraites de graines de rosaceae prunoidees et rosoidees: abricot, amande, cerise, peche, prune, eglantier et rosier. Les acides gras ont ete analysees qualitativement et quantitativement. L'utilisation de la resonance magnetique nucleaire du proton et du carbone treize a permis de determiner la nature d'un acide gras supplementaire dans l'huile de cerise: l'acide alpha eleosteartique. Les triglycerides ont ete analyses par chromatographie liquide haute performance et l'utilisation conjointe de plusieurs methodes de detection. Les tocopherols ont ete analyses qualitativement et quantitativement. L'insaponifiable a ete fractionne en classes: alcools triterpeniques, methyl sterols et sterols. Deux alcools triterpeniques, sept methyl sterols (dont un inconnu a ce jour) et sept sterols ont ete isoles et leur structure determinee par resonance magnetique nucleaire du proton et chromatographie gazeuse couplee a la spectrometrie de masse. Une filiation biosynthetique probable a ete etablie. L'etude comparative des composants des fractions glyceridique et insaponifiable a permis d'etablir certaines correlations d'ordre chimiotaxonomique. L'utilisation ulterieure de ces huiles a des fins alimentaires et cosmetologiques peut etre envisagee

Der Ursprung, die Entwicklung und die Formierung von Laubblatt-Mustern konnten bei ausgewählten variegaten Formen der Araceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Maranthaceae und Rosaceae erklärt werden. Die Pflanzen wurden je nach Problematik untersucht und in drei verschiedene Gruppen verteilt: In der ersten Gruppe, Blattmuster mit unregelmäßiger makulater Musterung, Monstera deliciosa, Syngonium podophyllum und die Sorten 'Pirol' und 'Luyona' von Dendranthema grandiflorum zeigen ein unregelmäßiges Laubblattmuster und keine weiß-randigen bzw. weißkernigen Periklinalchimären. Mischzellen wurden durch direkte (mikroskopisch) und indirekte (In-vitro-Kultur und Selbstungen) Nach der Plastidenentmischung in den Schichten des Sprossmeristems wurde bei Syngonium, Monstera und den zwei Sorten von Dendranthema die GW-Form als einzige stabile Periklinalchimäre nachgewiesen. In der zweiten Gruppe, Immerspaltende Periklinalchimären, die chimärische Konstitution GA bei Spiraea bumalda 'Goldflame' konnte durch Wurzelaustriebe (BATESON-Test) und die Adventivsprossinduktion aus Kallus nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus konnten mehrfach perikline Aufspaltungen der ersten Sprossscheitelschicht (Reduplikation von L1) nachgewiesen werden, die zur Entstehung der Panaschierung von 'Goldflame' zur Entmischung führten. Bei den Untersuchungen der In-vitro-Regenerate aus der Kalluskultur und der Wurzelaustriebe an S. bumalda 'Shirobana' wurde festgestellt, dass diese Pflanze keine Chimäre ist und das auftretende Muster der Blüten genetisch kontrolliert ist. In der dritten Gruppe, Hypoderm und Beeinflussung der Musterbildung: Die unmaskierten Binnenfelder bei Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Variegata' und der Rhododendron-Hybride 'Goldflimmer' sind durch die Existenz eines Hypoderms zu erklären. Bei Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Variegata' befindet sich ein Hypoderm an der Blattoberseite und der Blattunterseite. Bei 'Goldflimmer' liegt nur unter der oberen Epidermis ein einschichtiges Hypoderm vor. Infolgedessen fehlt an der Blattoberseite die Maskierung Das gelbe Binnenfeld des Blattmusters ist durch eine grüne Mesophyllschicht unterlagert.
The origin, development and formation of foliage-leaf-patterns could be explained with selected variegaten forms of the Araceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Marantaceae and Rosaceae. In order to prove this the plants were examined according to the problem and classified in three different groups: In the first group, leaf-patterns with irregular maculated patterns, Monstera deliciosa, Syngonium podophyllum and the sorts 'Pirol' and 'Luyona' of Dendranthema grandiflorum showed an irregular foliage-leaf-pattern, thought neither to show periclinal chimeras with white edges nor with green edges. Mixed cells were detected by direct (microscopic) and indirect (In vitro culture and self pollination) test. After the plastid sorting out in the layers of the meristems, the green over white Form was proven with Syngonium, Monstera and the two sorts of Dendranthema as a single stable periclinal chimera. In the second group, eversporting periclinal chimeras, the green over aurea chimeral constitution with Spiraea bumalda 'Goldflame' was proved by the regeneration of adventitious shoots from their roots (BATESON-Test) and also by the induction of adventitious bud from callus. Periclinal divisions of the first layer of meristems (reduplication of L1), which are responsible for the appearing of green pattern of the leafs was proved many times. Examination of the regenerated shoots from callus and from the adventitious shoots from roots of S. bumalda 'Shirobana' showed that this plant is not a chimera and that the appearing pattern of the blooms is genetically controlled. In the third group, hypoderm and influence of the pattern-formation, the unmasked inner-fields with Ctenanthe lubbersiana 'Variegata' and the Rhododendron-hybrid 'Goldflimmer' were explained through the existence of one layered hypoderm under the upper Epidermis as well as over the lower Epidermis of C. lubbersiana 'Variegata', thought in 'Goldflimmer' it is only found a one layer Hypoderm under the upper epidermis. Subsequently, the masking is missing at the upper-leaf side the yellow inner-field of the leaf-pattern is through a green Mesophyllslayer masked.

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Pear is a fruit tree that belongs to the family Rosaceae, subfamily Pomoideae and genus Pyrus. In Brazil, the pear production lays around 20 thousand ton, and this fact occurs mainly due to the lack of adapted cultivars to the climate conditions.The present work was developed with the objective to study the pollen viability and compatibility of different cultivars, selections and rootstocks for the pear culture. This work was divided into five batches: in the experiment 1 it was evaluated the in vitro germination of 14 genotypes of pear at different incubation times (2, 4 and 6 hours) in BOD incubator and in lightless condition at 25°C. In the experiment 2, the incubation time was set for each genotype according the best results obtained in the previous experiment and it was assessed different temperatures of incubation (20, 30 and 40 °C) on in vitro germination of 14 pear genotypes. The basic germination medium consisted of 100 g L-1 sucrose and 10 g L-1 agar. In the third experiment, time and temperature of in vitro incubation of the pollen grains were chosen conform to the previous experiments. It was evaluated the germination of ten pear genotypes under the influence of the increase of different combinations of boric acid and calcium nitrate to the basic germination medium. In the experiment 4 it was assessed the in vitro germination of pollen grains of pear genotypes (varying temperature and time of incubation) in BOD incubator, lightless and boric acid in three concentrations added to the basic germination medium. Experiment 5 evaluated the gametic compatibility in pear genotypes through pollen tube growth in pistil of flower 120 hours after pollination. Therefore, to the assessed genotypes it was evaluated the self-pollination either in the field or laboratory, cross-pollination or open-pollination. The germination percentage of the pear genotypes studied in the first experiment depends on time and sample. Among the pear genotypes assessed in the second experiment the temperature of incubation at 20°C is recommended and at 40°C is damaging for germination. In the third experiment, in general, either basic culture medium or enriched with 200 mg L-1 boric acid promote higher rates of in vitro germination of pollen grains of the pear genotypes; the germination percentage decreased whether enriched with 1200 mg L-1 of calcium nitrate, independently of boric acid concentration. For the pear genotypes evaluated in the fourth experiment it is recommended to germinate the pollen grains in either basic culture medium or enriched with 100 mg L-1 of boric acid. In the fifth experiment the ovule fecundation did not occur for most genotypes and pollination type; therefore, cross-pollination benefits fecundation.
A pereira é uma frutífera que pertencente à família Rosaceae, subfamília Pomoideae e ao gênero Pyrus. No Brasil, a produção de peras é somente de, aproximadamente, 20 mil toneladas e este fato ocorre, principalmente, pela falta de cultivares adaptadas às condições climáticas. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade e compatibilidade de pólen de diferentes genótipos de pereira no Rio Grande do Sul. Este trabalho foi dividido em cinco experimentos: No experimento 1, avaliou-se a germinação in vitro de 14 genótipos de pereira, em diferentes tempos de incubação (2, 4 e 6 horas) em incubadora tipo BOD, em ausência de luz, a 25°C. Para o experimento 2, o tempo de incubação foi fixado para cada genótipo conforme os melhores resultados obtidos no experimento anterior, avaliando-se as diferentes temperaturas de incubação (20, 30 e 40°C), na germinação in vitro de 14 genótipos de pereira. O meio de germinação básico foi composto de 100 g L-1 de sacarose e 10 g L-1 de ágar. No terceiro experimento, o tempo e a temperatura de incubação dos grãos de pólen in vitro foram fixados, conforme os experimentos anteriores; avaliou-se a germinação de dez genótipos de pereira sob a influência do acréscimo de diferentes combinações de ácido bórico e nitrato de cálcio ao meio de germinação básico. No experimento de número 4 avaliou-se a germinação in vitro de grãos de pólen de genótipos de pereira (variando-se a temperatura e o período de incubação) em estufa tipo BOD, em ausência de luz, e ainda, o ácido bórico em três concentrações adicionado ao meio de germinação básico. No quinto experimento, avaliou-se a compatibilidade gametofítica em genótipos de pereira, através do desenvolvimento do tubo polínico no pistilo da flor, 120 horas após a polinização; para os genótipos em estudo avaliou-se a autopolinização de campo, autopolinização de laboratório, polinização cruzada e a polinização aberta. Conclui-se que, para os genótipos de pereira estudados no primeiro experimento a percentagem de germinação depende do tempo e da amostra. Para o segundo experimento, entre os genótipos de pereira estudados, a temperatura de incubação a 20°C é recomendável e a 40°C é prejudicial para a germinação. Para o terceiro experimento, de maneira geral, em meio de cultura básico ou acrescido de 200 mg L-1 de ácido bórico promove elevados índices de germinação in vitro de grãos de pólen dos genótipos de pereira; e a percentagem de germinação é dimunuída quando acrescenta-se a concentração de 1200 mg L-1 de nitrato de cálcio, independente da concentração de ácido bórico. No quarto experimento, para os genótipos de pereira estudados, é recomendável a germinação de grãos de pólen in vitro em meio de cultura básico ou acrescido de 100 mg L-1 de ácido bórico. Para o quinto experimento, a fecundação dos óvulos não ocorreu na quase totalidade de genótipos e tipos de polinização; de modo geral, a polinização cruzada beneficia a fecundação.

Determination of phylogenetic relationships among ancestral species of Rubus has been elusive. Most Rubus species (including blackberries and raspberries), representing nine of the 12 subgenera, occur in a large, well supported clade named 'A' for reference). The remaining nine species are excluded from this group and represent three subgenera: subg. Anoplobatus (R. bartonianus, R. deliciosus, R. neomexicanus, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. trilobus), subg. Chamaemorus (R. chamaemorus), and subg. Dalibarda (R. lasiococcus, R.pedatus). In addition, Rubus dalibarda L. is often treated in its own monotypic genus as Dalibarda repens L. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from chloroplast regions and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer ITS 1 - 5.8S - ITS 2; ITS) region have not resolved basal relationships in Rubus and the position of Dalibarda repens has varied from being the sister group to Rubus to nested within it. However, monophyly of American subg. Anoplobatus species is supported by both genomic regions. Our goal was to clarify ancestral relationships, investigate the position of Dalibarda repens relative to Rubus, and examine the origin of the circumboreal, octoploid species R. chamaemorus using sequence data from one additional chloroplast DNA region, trnS-trnG, and the singlecopy nuclear gene Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSSI-1). Parsimony analyses of trnS-trnG sequences indicate a basal trichotomy, while R.chamaemorus is strongly supported as sister to R. pedatus. A combined cpDNA (trnS-trnG and three other regions) parsimony analysis indicates that subg. Anoplobatus is sister to clade A, and strongly supports Dalibarda repens as sister to R. lasiococcus. This suggests that Dalibarda repens be classified as R. dalibarda consistent with Linnaeus (1762) and Focke (1910). Parsimony analyses of GBSSI-1 sequences result in a large polytomy and do not recover clade A. The presence of three (GBSSI-la, GBSSI-1 (3 and GBSSI-ly) putative forms of the gene is observed. However, separate parsimony analysis of GBSSIly sequences demonstrates strong support for clade A and the monophyly of ubg. Anoplobatus. In this analysis, two different alleles are present in R. chamaemorus; one occurs outside clade A (sister to R. lasiococcus) and the other nests within clade A (sister to R. arcticus). Thus these data suggest that R. chamaemorus may be an ancient allopolyploid. The phylogenetic position of Dalibarda repens relative to Rubus cannot be resolved by existing GBSSI-1 data.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar a fauna de polinizadores potenciais do morangueiro em campos de produçaõ comercial; verificar a contribuição de diversos agentes de polinização na produtividade do morangueiro, conhecendo a biologia floral e reprodutiva dos cultivares mais utilizados para o plantio; testar, em cultivo fechado (estufa), diversas espécies de Meliponini (abelhas sem ferrão)como polinizador do morangueiro, avaliando a sua adaptação ao cultivo e sua efetividade nesta cultura. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que as flores do dos cultivares "Sweet Charlie" e "Oso Grande" necessitam de um polinizador para a produção de frutos sem deformação pois a morfologia de suas flores e o amadurecimento de suas estruturas reprodutivas não favorecem a ocorrência da autopolinização, nem a distribuição homogênea do pólen pelos estigmas da flor, resultando em frutos deformados que não alcançam o seu potencial máximo de desenvolvimento. A abelha jataí (Tetragonisca angustula) adaptou-se bem ás condições do cultivo fechado (estufa) e mostrou-se efetiva na polinização do morangueiro, resultando em frutos mais pesados e em uma porcentagem mais elevada de frutos bem formados.
The aims of this study were: to investigate potencial pollinators of strawberry crops in commercial fields; to verify the contribution of several pollination agents on strawberry productivity, studying the floral and reproductive biology of some commercial cultivars; to evaluate the possibility of the rational use of stingless bees in strawberry pollination inside greenhouses. The results showed that the floral morphology of "Sweet Charlie" and Oso Grande" cultivars and the maturation pattern of their stamens and pistils nor favour the occurrence of self pollination neither the regular pollen distribuction among stigmata, yielding deformed fruits that don´t complete their development. Therefore these cultivars need pollinators to commercial production. Tetragonisca angustula (Apinae, Meliponini)was remarkable for its relatively quick adaptation inside greenhouses and for its effectivity as strawberry pollinator, resulting in heavier berries and high percentage of marketable fruits.

Sur la base d'une analyse de l'architecture, et de la dynamique de croissance de quelques rosaceae fruitieres du maroc, l'auteur met en relief les liens entre architecture et systematique. Par une etude du mode de croissance des axes (axes courts, axes longs, unites de croissance, axes epineux, et axes floraux), l'auteur emet l'hypothese d'une evolution possible du mode de croissance au sein de la famille des rosaceae, considerant la croissance sympodiale comme primitive et la croissance monopodiale comme evoluee. Les processus reiteratifs sont differents d'une espece a l'autre. La forme ulterieure de l'arbre est conditionnee par la duree de vie des apex, le rythme de croissance, et l'architecture des complexes reiteres