Journal articles on the topic 'Rootstock'
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1
Racskó, József, Miklós Soltész, Lejla Budai, Zoltán Szabó, Ervin Farkas, János Nagy, and József Nyéki. "The effect of rootstocks on the fruit quality parameters of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 17 (September 14, 2005): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/17/3269.
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The authors studied the effect of rootstocks with different growing vigour on fruit quality of different cultivars. Research results shows that best fruit diamter and fruit weight of all cultivars are for M9 rootstock. Similar tendency was found in skin colour, but in the case of Granny Smith, MM106 rootstock is more favourable because the green skin colour is necessary for the consumers’ acceptance. Seedling rootstok has some unfavourable effects on fruit quality, thus its usage is not expedient.
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Roy, RK, M. Robbani, M. Ali, SK Bhowal, and ANM Erfan. "Variations in salinity tolerance of selected mango rootstocks." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v17i1.23681.
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An experiment was conducted at the Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) during the period from July 2011 to March 2013 to study the performance of selected mango rootstocks in the saline area in Bangladesh. The experiment consisted of four mango rootstock lines collected from Rangpur, Dumki, Khulna and Kuakata, and five salinity treatments namely control (0 dSm-1), low (4 dSm-1), medium (6 dSm-1), high (8 dSm-1) and very high (10 dSm-1). A two factor experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial) with four replications. Results revealed that rootstock line and salinity levels had significant influences on various crop characters viz. length of rootstocks, diameter of rootstocks, number of leaves and percent rootstocks success and survivability. In case of rootstocks, the longest rootstock length (41.38 cm), highest number of leaves (37.58) and survivability (71.73%) were recorded in Rangpur line. In case of salinity treatments, rootstock diameter (16.09 mm), number of leaves/graft (36.47) and survivability (67.37%) were recorded in low salinity treatment. Interaction of rootstock lines and different salinity treatments showed significant variation on the length and diameter of rootstocks at 120 DAT. The maximum diameter of rootstock (17.63 mm) was recorded in high (8 dSm-1) salinity treatment in rootstock line of Kuakata, followed by the same stages of rootstock lines of Khulna (17.56 mm). The longest rootstock (46.75 cm) was recorded in control treatment (0 dSm-1) with rootstock line of Rangpur followed by the same stages of rootstock (41.75 cm) with medium salinity treatment (6 dSm-1). Rangpur rootstock line performed best from 0-8 dSm-1 salinity. The overall salinity tolerance was graded as follows: Rangpur rootstock line > Dumki rootstock line > Kuakata rootstock line > Khulna rootstock line.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 89-94
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Rom, Curt R., R. Andy Allen, and Bryan Blackburn. "Tree Fruit Rootstock Development in Arkansas." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 597D—597. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.597d.
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The Arkansas tree fruit research program has a history of involvement in rootstock development. The elements of rootstock development are rootstock cultivar testing and rootstock breeding and evaluation. Research is focused on apple and peach rootstocks. Rootstock testing is done in conjunction with the NC-140 cooperative uniform rootstock research project. Currently, there are 10 NC-140 trials in progress for apples, peaches, pears, and cherry rootstocks in Arkansas. The Arkansas rootstock breeding projects were established in the early 1970s as components of the fruit breeding program. The objectives are to develop apple and peach rootstocks which are adaptable to the Arkansas edaphic and adaphic conditions, have size control, have some degree of pest resistance, and are efficient in production. To date, 92 apple rootstock selections have been made and 41 are still in early evaluation for propagation and growth characteristics, while 56 peach rootstocks have been selected and are in early evaluation. Arkansas apple rootstocks selections are sequentially numbered with numbers preceded by AAR (ex: AAR-92). Peach rootstocks selections are numbered with numbers preceded by APR. Data from 2 NC-140 apple rootstock trials were presented and discussed.
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Taylor, BK, and RT Dimsey. "Rootstock and scion effects on the leaf nutrient composition of citrus trees." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 3 (1993): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930363.
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Four long-term citrus rootstock trials (navel orange, mandarin, Valencia orange, and lime soil trial) established at Irymple, in the Sunraysia district of Victoria, were tested for leaf nutrient composition in each of 2 years. Scion or rootstock significantly influenced leaf nutrient composition in orange and mandarin trees in all 4 trials. Poncirus trifoliata and citrange rootstocks and Ellendale tangor scion resulted in high to moderate leaf N, P, and K concentrations, while Symons sweet orange rootstock and Dancy mandarin gave low leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations. Potassium concentrations of navel and Valencia oranges on rough lemon rootstock were lower than on most of the other rootstocks tested. For all rootstocks, however, leaf N, P, and K concentrations were in the high range in the navel orange and Valencia orange trials, while leaf K concentrations were in the high range in the mandarin trial. Citrange rootstocks and Ellendale scion also had higher concentrations of leaf magnesium (Mg), while Symons sweet orange, Cox sweet orange, and Rangpur lime had lower leaf Mg concentrations than other rootstocks and scions. In the Valencia rootstock trial, rough lemon and Rangpur lime induced the highest leaf sulfur concentrations, while citrange rootstocks gave the lowest. Soil depth in the lime soil trial influenced foliar P and K levels in Valencia orange trees but these differences were small. In all trials, rootstock, but not scion, strongly influenced chloride (Cl) concentrations of citrus leaves. Poncirus trifoliata rootstock accumulated high concentrations of Cl, and the citrange rootstocks moderate, while Cleopatra mandarin rootstock showed consistently low leaf C1 concentrations in all trials. Rough lemon rootstock was not consistently good at excluding C1, and Rangpur lime showed good C1 exclusion only in the Valencia rootstock trial. There was no evidence of a negative relationship between uptake of N and C1 by citrus rootstocks. Poncirus trifoliata had a lower uptake of sodium (Na) in the Valencia rootstock trial, while Cleopatra and Emperor mandarin rootstocks showed slightly higher leaf Na levels than most other rootstocks tested. The 2 citranges, mandarin, rough lemon, and Rangpur lime rootstocks induced higher boron (B) concentrations in leaves of navel orange compared with other rootstocks but they were still in the adequate range for citrus (Reuter and Robinson 1986), while sweet orange rootstocks had lower levels. Emperor mandarin scion on all rootstocks tested had the lowest B levels. Concentrations of iron and copper were rarely influenced by scion or rootstock. Rootstock significantly influenced leaf manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) levels in a number of trials, but scion effects were minor. In comparison with all other rootstocks, rough lemon induced higher Mn levels in some cases; sweet orange rootstocks gave higher leaf Zn levels in other cases; while Rangpur lime induced higher Mn and Zn levels in trees grown in the lime soil trial. In the first 3 trials, concentrations of Zn and Mn were low in many of the rootstocks and scions, indicating a need for a second micronutrient spray per growing season.
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Hayat, Faisal, Juan Li, Wen Liu, Caiqing Li, Wenpei Song, Shahid Iqbal, Ummara Khan, et al. "Influence of Citrus Rootstocks on Scion Growth, Hormone Levels, and Metabolites Profile of ‘Shatangu’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070608.
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Dwarfing rootstocks are a valuable genetic resource for managing high-density plantations. The selection of the appropriate scion/rootstock combination is key to improving crop performance and sustainable production in a particular environment and specific training systems. ‘Shatangju’ mandarin scion cultivar grafted onto ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock tends to be dwarfing and develops short stature plants. To obtain insight into potential mechanisms underlying rootstock-induced dwarfing effects, we conducted a rootstock trial to examine the influence of 11 different rootstocks based on their growth vigor, antioxidants, and hormonal levels of the scion cultivar. The phenotypic observations revealed that size reduction in the ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock is due to lower node number, shorter internodal length, and a reduced trunk diameter of the scion compared with more vigorous rootstocks. Antioxidant analysis showed that ‘Shatangju’ mandarin grafted onto ’Flying Dragon’ and ‘Trifoliate Orange’ rootstock had significantly lower peroxidase (POD) activity than other tested rootstocks. The hormonal analysis indicated that there were markedly lower amounts of abscisic acid (ABA) in ‘Shatangju’ mandarin grafted with ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock. In addition, trees grafted with ‘Sour Pummelo’ and ‘Flying Dragon’ depicted minimum amounts of gibberellins (GA24). Moreover, several metabolites associated with organic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, and alkaloids responded differently in plants grafted with ‘Flying Dragon’ (dwarfing) and ‘Shatang Mandarin’ (vigorous) rootstocks. This study concluded that ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock with a strong dwarfing effect has been proposed to improve high-density cultivation methods. These findings will provide useful insights for future research associated with rootstock-mediated dwarfing mechanisms of citrus rootstocks.
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Roose, M. L., and S. N. Traugh. "Identification and Performance of Citrus Trees on Nucellar and Zygotic Rootstocks." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 1 (January 1988): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.1.100.
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Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of rootstock bark was used to identify citrus trees on zygotic rootstocks in five 9- to 19-year-old rootstock trials involving 24 rootstock cultivars, and in four additional 22- to 23-year-old rootstock trials involving 24 selections of trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. The rootstock seedlings used to propagate the trees for these trials were rogued visually before budding. The theoretical probability of distinguishing between nucellar genotypes and zygotics resulting from self-pollination averaged ≈86% among the rootstocks studied. In cultivars other than trifoliate orange, only 17 of 899 rootstocks were detected to be zygotic: eight in Kikodaidai, four in H-56 tangor, two in C-32 citrange, and one each in three other rootstocks. Many of these zygotics resulted from cross-pollination. In trifoliate orange, 29 of 846 trees were identified to be on zygotic rootstocks, all apparently resulting from pollination by trifoliate orange. Some trees on zygotic rootstocks were smaller and lower-yielding than trees on nucellar genotypes of the same cultivar, but many were fairly similar to, and a few yielded significantly more than, trees on nucellars. Trees on zygotic rootstocks usually had bud unions that were either significantly more or less smooth than trees on nucellars of the same cultivar. Data from zygotics did not bias results of rootstock trials appreciably. Isozyme analysis of rootstocks in commercial groves or rootstock trials may allow preliminary identification of promising new genotypes resulting from open pollination.
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Widyaningsih, Sri, Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami, Tri Joko, and Siti Subandiyah. "Development of Disease and Growth on Six Scion/Rootstock Combinations of Citrus Seedlings under Huanglongbing Pressure." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 6 (May 15, 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n6p229.
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Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is the most serious threat to citrus production in Indonesia. Commonly, the planted rootstocks/scion varieties expressed severely damaged to HLB. This research aimed to study effects of six citrus rootstock/scion combination of varieties on intensity of HLB disease, presence of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), and growth of the seedlings. The grafting combination of three rootstock varieties: Japansche citroen (Citrus limonia Osbeck), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana V. Ten & Pasq), ‘Salam’ (local name), and two scions varieties: ‘Siem Pontianak’ (C. nobilis Lour) and ‘Keprok Tejakula’. ‘Keprok Tejakula’ (C. reticulata Blanco) were used for examination the effect rootstock/scion combination to HLB. Based on symptoms, the onset of disease intensity was observed in eight months after CLas inoculation, except on ‘Salam’ rootstock. The status of CLas inoculation, rootstock/scions varieties and the duration of plant infection influenced to CLas titers. There were inconsistency between HLB symptoms and CLas titers. According to measurement of plant height, and diameter of rootstocks and scion stem, the plant growth of Volkamer lemon rootstock grafted with ‘Siam Purworejo’ scion or ‘Keprok Tejakula’ scion was better than grafted with Japansche citroen and ‘Salam’ rootstocks. Japansche citroen rootstock was more susceptible to HLB than Volkamer lemon and ‘Salam’ rootstocks. Combination of rootstock/scion varieties affected plant tolerance against HLB.
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Hirst, Peter M., and David C. Ferree. "314 ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON SHOOT MORPHOLOGY OF `DELICIOUS' APPLE." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 475d—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.475d.
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One way in which rootstocks may influence production efficiency is by altering the number of spurs, and in particular reproductive spurs. However, rootstock influences on the morpholgy of shoots have not been quantified. Measurements were made on `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' trees growing on 17 rootstocks and planted in 1984 as part of the NC-140 regional rootstock trial. In each of the 6 years from 1988-1993, the length of the 2-year old section of wood of selected branches was measured and the number of spurs, flowers and shoots counted. For all rootstocks, trunk cross-sectional area was closely related to shoot length. Trees on P.22 (the most dwarfing rootstock in the planting) had shoot lengths 40-50% of those of trees on seedling rootstocks. For each rootstock, there was a strong negative relationship between shoot length and spur density, but there was not a common relationship among rootstocks. Similarly, flower number per shoot was also related to shoot length with different relationships for each rootstock. Flower density was not related to vigor for any of the rootstocks.
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Norelli, J. L., H. T. Holleran, W. C. Johnson, T. L. Robinson, and H. S. Aldwinckle. "Resistance of Geneva and Other Apple Rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora." Plant Disease 87, no. 1 (January 2003): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.26.
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When vigorously growing shoots of 49 different apple rootstocks grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with different strains of Erwinia amylovora, Budagovsky 9 (B.9), Ottawa 3, Malling 9, and Malling 26 were the most fire blight susceptible rootstocks and Geneva 11, Geneva 65, Geneva 16, Geneva 30, Pillnitzer Au51-11, Malling 7, and several breeding selections were the most resistant. Significant strain—rootstock interactions were observed in the amount of fire blight that resulted from inoculation. Field-grown fruiting ‘Royal Gala’ trees on Geneva 16 and Geneva 30 rootstocks were highly resistant to rootstock infection (no tree mortality) when trees sustained severe blossom infection with E. amylovora, compared with Malling 9 and Malling 26 rootstock clones, which were highly susceptible to infection (36 to 100% tree mortality). In contrast to potted own-rooted B.9 plants inoculated in a greenhouse, B.9 rootstocks of orchard trees appeared resistant to rootstock infection (0% tree mortality). Orchard trees on Geneva 11 were moderately resistant to rootstock infection (25% tree mortality). There was general agreement in the evaluation of resistance under orchard conditions when rootstock resistance was evaluated in relation to controlled blossom inoculation or to natural blossom infection.
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Gurusamy, V., T. D. Warkentin, and A. Vandenberg. "Grafting pea, faba bean, and lentil to improve pulse crop breeding." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-124.
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Gurusamy, V., Warkentin, T. D. and Vandenberg, A. 2012. Grafting pea, faba bean, and lentil to improve pulse crop breeding. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 31–38. In vivo grafting experiments were conducted to determine their potential for improving pulse crop breeding techniques for pea, faba bean and lentil. Four scion×five rootstock genotype combinations were used for pea. Survival of grafted pea scions was not affected by genotype of scions or rootstocks, even for wild subspecies. Some scion-rootstock combinations resulted in reduced flowering time for scions. Total seed production of rootstock regrowth plus grafted scion was greater than for ungrafted controls or rooted cuttings. For faba bean, four scion×four rootstock combinations showed scion-rootstock interaction affected percent survival and flowering time of grafted scions. In vivo grafting of lentil scions to faba bean rootstocks is reported for the first time. Two lentil genotypes were grafted onto four faba bean rootstocks. The effects of lentil scion and faba bean rootstock genotype were significant for percent survival, but not for seed production. Percent scion survival was 85% for pea, 56% for faba bean, and 55% for lentil scions on faba bean rootstocks. In vivo grafting techniques can help to maximize the size of F2 populations for breeding and genetic studies. Intergeneric in vivo grafting of lentil onto faba bean rootstock could be useful for interspecific hybridization studies for lentil.
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Albrecht, Ute, Shahrzad Bodaghi, Bo Meyering, and Kim D. Bowman. "Influence of Rootstock Propagation Method on Traits of Grafted Sweet Orange Trees." HortScience 55, no. 5 (May 2020): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14928-20.
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The rootstock plays a large role in modern citrus production because of its influence on tolerance to adverse abiotic and biotic soil-borne stresses, and on the general horticultural characteristics of the grafted scion. In recent years, rootstock has received increased attention as a management strategy to alleviate the devastating effects of the bacterial disease huanglongbing (HLB), also known as “citrus greening.” In commercial citrus nursery production, rootstocks are typically propagated by seed. Because of the increased demand for HLB-tolerant rootstocks, seed supply is often inadequate for the most popular cultivars. Cuttings and tissue culture (TC) propagation are alternative methods to supply adequate quantities of genetically identical rootstocks to be used as liners for grafting. However, there are concerns among nursery owners and citrus growers regarding the possible inferiority of rootstocks that are not propagated by seed. This study investigates the influence of rootstock propagation method on traits of sweet orange trees grafted on four commercially important rootstock cultivars during the nursery stage and during the first year of growth in a commercial citrus orchard. Several of the measured traits during the nursery stage, including rootstock sprouting, grafted tree growth, and root mass distribution were significantly influenced by the rootstock propagation method, but traits were also influenced by the rootstock cultivar. Our results also suggest that for tissue culture-propagated plants, differences in the starting material and the culturing method can affect the grafted tree behavior. Except for canopy spread and scion to rootstock trunk diameter ratio, tree growth during the orchard stage was determined by the combination of propagation method and rootstock, rather than by propagation method alone.
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Motyleva, Svetlana, Galina Upadysheva, and Tatyana Tumaeva. "Influence of rootstocks on the productivity and chemical composition of Prunus domestica L. fruits." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (October 28, 2021): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1650.
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The influence of seedling and clonal rootstocks of different spreads on Prunus domestica L. plum fruits quality and productivity of Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro varieties was studied. The significant change of productivity and the fruit weight of the varieties under study was to determine under the influence of the rootstock. Depending on the scion-stock combination the plum tree's productivity varied from 7.5 kg/tr. (Utro/140-1) to 15.1 kg/tr. (Yаichnaya Sinyaya /Novinka) at the mean value of 11.5 kg/tr. Medium-growing rootstocks Novinka and OPA-15-2 provided the maximum value of the varieties productivity The significant productivity decrease relatively to seedling rootstock was stated for the combinations with low-growing rootstock 140-1. Soluble solids content in the fruits of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety is higher than in the fruits of Utro variety, moreover, the highest values were determined on Novinka and OPA-15-2 rootstocks: on 4 – 4.5% higher in comparison with the fruits on the seeding rootstock at average. The rootstock causes less influence on titratable acids. The antioxidant activity of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety fruits is 30% higher than that of Utro variety fruits on average. The maximum values of antioxidant activity in Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety fruits were fixed on OPA-15-2 rootstock (16.37%), the minimal ones – on Skorospelka Krasnaya rootstocks (14.68%). In the fruits of Utro variety the highest values were stated on OP-23-23 rootstock (13.16%), and the lowest ones – on the seedling rootstock (10.93%). The content of phenolic compounds sum is 60% higher in the fruits of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety than in Utro variety ones on average. The decrease of the content of phenolic compounds sum was stated in the fruits of Utro variety on all the rootstocks in comparison with the combination Utro/seedling rootstock. The decreasing series of ash elements accumulation (K > P > Ca > Mg > Mo > S > Zn > Si) was determined. The strongest variety differences on total mineral element content were overvalued on medium-growing clonal rootstocks (Novinka, OP-23-23 and OPA-15-2). OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 rootstocks provided the highest fruit quality on the combination of economic and biochemical parameters.
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Yin, Yonggang, Bin Han, Minmin Li, Nan Jia, Changjiang Liu, Yan Sun, Yingjie Wang, Qian Gao, and Zijuan Guo. "Multiplication, Phenological Period and Growth Vigor of Thirty-One Grapevine Rootstocks and the Role of Parentage in Vigor Heredity." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020241.
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Knowledge about the growth vigor of grapevine rootstocks is required for scion-based rootstock selection and rootstock breeding. We performed this trial aiming to evaluate the multiplication and growth vigor of several rootstocks. Thirty-one rootstock genotypes were compared on their multiplication characteristics, phenological periods, and growth indicators across three consecutive seasons. The results suggested that the cuttings of most rootstocks had callus-forming indices (CFIs) over 0.5 except for ‘188-08’ (0.28). The rooting rate of ‘420A’ was 5%, while that of the rest of the rootstocks was greater than 48%. The internode lengths of the one-year-old vines were positively correlated with those (as well as cane lengths and pruning weights) of the adult vines. These rootstocks were grouped into three clusters based on the growth measurements across three seasons. Eight combinations of genetic backgrounds showed various effects on the growth indicators. The high-vigor cluster includes ‘1103P’, ‘5BB’, ‘225Ru’, etc.; the medium-vigor cluster includes ‘Dogridge’, ‘101-14M’, ‘Fercal’, etc.; and the low-vigor cluster includes ‘Gloire’, ‘3309C’, ‘Ganzin1’, etc. The Vitis berlandieri parentage showed a higher vigor heredity, while the V. riparia showed a lower vigor heredity. These findings would contribute to rootstock nursery construction and provide references for vigor-based rootstock selection for grafts and parent selection for rootstock breeding.
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Xu, Hao, Danielle Ediger, Amritpal Singh, and Christopher Pagliocchini. "Rootstock–Scion Hydraulic Balance Influenced Scion Vigor and Yield Efficiency of Malus domestica cv. Honeycrisp on Eight Rootstocks." Horticulturae 7, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050099.
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Rootstocks with internal hydraulic limitations can effectively restrict scion growth, influence crop load, and improve yield efficiency in apple production. The characteristics of xylem vessels in rootstock and scion play essential roles in determining the hydraulic properties of the grafted tree; however, much remains unknown for commonly available rootstocks. In this study, we extracted secondary xylem using an increment borer from living Honeycrisp scion (Malus domestica cv. ‘Honeycrisp’), and two Malling rootstocks, one Budagovsky rootstock, and five Geneva rootstocks. The size and density of xylem vessels in rootstocks and scions were analyzed in relation to trunk cross-section area (TCSA), tree–water relations, and fruit dry matter of 2019, as well as with cumulative yield efficiency during 2014–2019. Honeycrisp scion exceeded most of the rootstocks in cross-section size and density of vessel elements. Scion vigor and cumulative yield were positively correlated with TCSA and total vessel cross-section area (VCSA) of the rootstock, with G.202 being the highest, and B.9 being the lowest with small xylem vessels in high density. In the rootstocks with the highest cumulative yield efficiency, the rootstock/scion ratio in VCSA was equal to or slightly higher than 1. Lower scion vessel density in G.214 was associated with lower fruit dry matter weight, more restricted water relations, and worsened leaf chlorosis. G.935 with larger rootstock vessels led to both high yield and high yield efficiency. This suggested that higher scion vessel density and larger rootstock vessel size can be advantageous characteristics for early-stage evaluation.
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Zezulová, Eliška, Ivo Ondrášek, Tomáš Kiss, and Tomáš Nečas. "Qualitative and Nutritional Characteristics of Plum Cultivars Grown on Different Rootstocks." Horticulturae 8, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121123.
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Previous study hsas confirmed the influence of rootstock on the scion. Using a suitable rootstock for plum cultivar can affect many qualitative parameters of fruit. This study deals with the pomological and chemical analysis of three plums of Japanese origin (Prunus salicina) ‘Black Amber’, ‘Karkulka’, ‘Shiro’ and one European origin (Prunus domestica) ‘Stanley’ grown on five different rootstock (Ishtara, St. Julien A, Torinel, Citation and Penta) planted in Czech Republic. During the year, the phenological phases of date of blooming, flower set, date of ripening, and fruit set were determined. In this study, significant negative correlation (p < 0.05, R = −0.6831) was determined between fruit set and fruit weight. Rootstocks did not have influence on the fruit weight, but ‘Karkulka’ reached significantly higher fruit weight on St. Julien A and Citation rootstocks (32 g) than on the other three rootstocks (24 to 26 g). For all cultivars, fruit firmness and soluble solid content (SSC) were measured. The rootstocks greatly influenced the titratable acidity of plums which reached the highest value for cultivars grown on Citation rootstock (from 0.65 to 2.43%) and the lowest when grown on Ishtara rootstock (from 0.53 to 1.88%). In addition, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity were determined. The cultivars on Ishtara rootstock reached the highest values of TPC (from 336.26 to 562.75 mg (GAE)/100 g). The results presented in this study show influence of rootstock on quality of plums, where Ishtara rootstock was highlighted as the best.
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Kviklys, D., N. Kviklienė, A. Bite, J. Lepsis, T. Univer, N. Univer, N. Uselis, J. Lanauskas, and L. Buskienė. "Baltic fruit rootstock studies: evaluation of 12 apple rootstocks in North-East Europe." Horticultural Science 39, No. 1 (February 16, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2011-hortsci.
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In the frame of ‘Baltic fruit rootstock studies’ apple rootstocks B.9, B.146, B.396, B.491, P 2, P 22, P 60, M.9, M.26, Jork 9, Bulboga and Pure 1 were tested in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. More vigorous tree growth was recorded following North-South direction being the weakest in Estonia and the strongest in Lithuania. Apple rootstocks can be grouped, according to the induced tree vigour, in the following way: less vigorous than M.9: P 22, the same as M.9: Pure 1, B.396, Jork 9, P 60, B.9 and P 2, between M.9 and M.26: B.491, more vigorous than M.26: Bulboga and B.146. Rootstock effect on cumulative yield and cumulative yield efficiency index was determined by location. The highest productivity, considering cumulative yield and efficiency index, was obtained on M.9 rootstock in Lithuania, on Bulboga, B.146, M.26 and B.491 rootstocks in Estonia and on Pure 1, P 60 and B.9 rootstocks in Latvia. Rootstock effect on fruit weight was not clear and differed among locations. Interactions between rootstock and location indicate at the importance of multi-site rootstock evaluation.
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Sayler, R. J., S. M. Southwick, J. T. Yeager, K. Glozer, E. L. Little, and B. C. Kirkpatrick. "Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (May 2002): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.543.
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Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.
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Hasey, Janine K., Dave Ramos, Warren Micke, and Jim Yeager. "Walnut Rootstock Comparison and Own-rooted `Chandler' vs. `Chandler' on Paradox Rootstock." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 531F—532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.531f.
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In a comparison of six walnut rootstocks either nursery-grafted or field-grafted to `Chandler' (Juglans regia), the highest-yielding trees after 9 years are on either seedling or clonal Paradox rootstocks. Trees growing on both Paradox rootstocks had higher yield efficiency than trees on the black rootstocks in both 1995 and 1996. Since 1993, relative tree size based on trunk circumference has not changed: southern California black (J. californica), seedling Paradox and northern California black (J. Hindsii) have remained significantly larger than clonal Paradox, Texas (J. microcarpa) or Arizona (J. major) black rootstocks. The smaller size of clonal as compared with seedling Paradox trees might be explained by a delay in field grafting success. Although both northern and southern California black rootstock trees were significantly larger than clonal Paradox trees, they did not differ significantly in yield and had significantly lower yield efficiency in 1996. Clonal Paradox trees have significantly smaller nut size than northern California black rootstock trees that can be explained by its higher yield efficiency. An adjacent trial planted in 1991 compares micropropagated `Chandler' on its own root vs. `Chandler' on seedling Paradox rootstock. In 1995 and 1996, own-rooted `Chandler' had significantly greater trunk circumference, yield, and yield efficiency than did `Chandler' on Paradox rootstock. Many of the trees on Paradox rootstock are growing very poorly compared to the own rooted trees. This could be due to diversity within the Paradox seed source. If own-rooted `Chandler' trees become commercially available, they may have potential in areas where other rootstocks are undesirable because of hypersensitivity to cherry leafroll virus.
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Tyutyuma, Natalia Vladimirovna, Marina Gennadievna Kostenko, and Tatyana Vladimirovna Menshutina. "Commercial quality and biochemical composition of fruits of apple trees on clonal rootstocks southern." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 28, 2021): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i9pp38-41.
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On the basis of the experimental garden of the Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center (Astrakhan region) in 2017 ... 2020, the quality of the fruits of the apple varieties Renet Simirenko, Idared and Melba on the rootstocks of the SK series (North Caucasus) selection of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking was studied in comparison with the combinations on the rootstocks of the M series (a total of 27 graft-rootstock combinations). The aim of the research is to evaluate the quality indicators of apple fruits when grown on rootstocks of different growth strengths in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian region. It was revealed that the Idared variety on the rootstocks SK 3, SK 5 and SK 1 was characterized by a higher marketability of fruits compared to the corresponding control combinations (68.4...84.0 and 65.8...71.3 %, respectively). The Melba variety was distinguished by a high content of vitamin C on dwarf rootstocks SK 3, SK 4 and semi-dwarf SK 5 (4.4...4.8 %). A harmonious combination of sugar and acid (sugar-acid index) was found in the Melba variety on dwarf rootstocks M 9, SK 3, SK 4, SK 7 and semi-dwarf rootstock SK 5 (16.0...21.1), in the Idared variety on semi-dwarf rootstock M 26 (19.4). A high content of dry substances was found in the varieties Idared and Melba on the semi-dwarf control M 26 21.9...24.5 %, in the variety Renet Simirenko on the semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2 (21.8 %). A high content of sugars (fructose, sucrose, glucose) was characterized by the variety Renet Simirenko on a semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2 (13.7 %). The increased content of titrated acidity was found in Melba varieties on the semi-dwarf rootstock SK 2 and medium-sized rootstock M 4, in the variety Renet Simirenko on the dwarf rootstock M 9 and amounted to 0.8 %, respectively.
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Bausher, Michael G. "Grafting Technique to Eliminate Rootstock Suckering of Grafted Tomatoes." HortScience 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 596–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.4.596.
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Vegetative grafting has been proposed as a technique for managing diseases in tomatoes under open-field conditions. Over 2 successive years, we investigated the use of grafting under open-field fresh tomato production and found a serious limitation with current grafting techniques, which resulted in recurring rootstock shoot regrowth (“suckering”) from the rootstock cotyledons when left intact. Left unchecked, the regrowth of tomato rootstocks can envelop the experimental scions, which can impact the growth of field-grown tomatoes. In the Fall of 2007, the cultivars Multifort, Aloha, and TX-301 with ‘FL-47’ scions were grafted by a commercial propagator. These grafted plants were planted in a field experiment and after a time period, the number of rootstock suckers was counted and removed. This process was repeated over five time periods. In 2008, we grafted all of the plants below the rootstock cotyledons. During five different time periods spanning 57 d, bud regrowth from the rootstock occurred in all studied rootstocks in 2007. The difference in the 2 years was dramatic. In the first year, the number of plants with rootstock regrowth was as high as 84.6% in some of the plots for ‘Multifort’, 30.7% for ‘Aloha’, and 15.4% for ‘TX-301’. In the second year, with a different grafting technique, no regrowth from the rootstocks was observed. Even when the rootstock regrowth was removed in 2007, the rootstock sprout growth would reappear from the rootstock. The statistical interaction of the percentage of plants with rootstock regrowth for all recorded dates in 2007 was significant for ‘Multifort’ (Tukey-Fischer P ≤ 0.05) but not ‘Aloha’ or ‘TX-301’. Although the study also contained fumigation treatments, no interaction of soil treatments on root sprouting was observed. Since adopting this method, rootstock regrowth has not been observed in subsequent field experiments for the past 3 years.
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Williamson, J. G., and B. E. Maust. "Growth of Budded, Containerized, Citrus Nursery Plants when Photosynthesis of Rootstock Shoots Is Limited." HortScience 30, no. 7 (December 1995): 1363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1363.
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rootstock shoot defoliation or shading on growth during the first two scion flushes of budded, containerized, citrus nursery trees. Both experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] seedlings budded with `Hamlin' orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.]. Scion buds were forced by cutting off the rootstock shoots above the bud union or by bending the rootstock shoots and tying them to the base of the plants (bending). In one experiment, shoots from both rootstocks that were forced by bending received one of four defoliation treatments: treatments were 0%, 40%, 60%, or 85% (based on leaf area) defoliation for Cleopatra and 0%, 30%, 60%, or 100% defoliation for Swingle. In the second experiment, rootstock shoots of plants forced by bending were subjected to a maximum photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 820, 225, 90, or 30 μmol·m–2·s–1. Growth of Cleopatra plants declined linearly with increasing levels of rootstock shoot defoliation. When rootstock shoot defoliation was ≤40%, whole-plant (minus rootstock shoot) dry weights were higher for plants forced by bending than for those forced by cutting off rootstock shoots. For Swingle, most growth responses to rootstock shoot defoliation were curvilinear. Higher levels of rootstock shoot defoliation resulted in less growth than lower defoliation levels. Low PPF reduced whole-plant (minus rootstock shoot) and root dry weights for both rootstocks compared to high PPF. For Cleopatra, whole-plant and scion dry weights were highest at the highest PPF. For Swingle, whole-plant and scion dry weights were highest at 225 μmol·m–2·s–1. For both rootstocks, plants forced by bending had higher dry weights at 820 and 225 μmol·m–2·s–1 than plants forced by cutting off the rootstock shoots. For Swingle, most of the reduction in scion growth from rootstock shoot defoliation occurred during the first scion flush. Our results suggest that recently produced rootstock shoot photosynthates are the primary source of greater plant growth achieved by bending compared to cutting off rootstock shoots.
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Ramírez-Jiménez, Jamer Alexis, Carlos Felipe Barrera-Sánchez, and Oscar De Jesús Córdoba-Gaona. "Yield and yield components of tomato grafted plants in the high Andean region of Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2020v14i3.11671.
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Grafting as a technique is gaining attention, and the production and demand for grafted vegetable plants have increased worldwide, especially for greenhouse cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different scion × rootstock combinations or improving the yield of the tomato crop under greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, a scion of tomato cv. Libertador was grafted on two commercial tomato rootstock (‘Olimpo’ and ‘Armada’) and cultivated in a greenhouse in a randomized complete block experiment design, with four scion-rootstock combinations: vigor and resistance rootstocks, self-grafting and non-grafted plants. The yield and yield components were evaluated (number and weight of the fruits of extra, commercial, and non-commercial quality, weight per cluster, and weight per fruit). Although vigor rootstocks produce less fresh fruit in the first harvests, from the seventh harvest onwards, the vigor rootstocks outperformed the other treatments in the accumulated yield by producing 37, 22 and 22% more yield, and 60, 30 and 40% higher number of fruits of extra quality in the resistance rootstock, self-grafted, and non-grafted plants. The fruits plants of vigor rootstock, self-grafted and non-grafted above 150 g, tend to have a cylindrical shape; however, fruits in the resistance rootstock tend to be flattened. The use of a vigor rootstock increased the yield of cv. Libertador, regarding the rootstock with resistance characteristics and controls, self-grafted, and non-grafted plants.
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Valenzuela-Ruiz, Manuelde Jesus, Fabián Robles-Contreras, Raul Leonel Grijalva-Contreras, and Rubén Macias-Duarte. "(383) Effect of Harmony and Freedom Rootstocks on Yield and Quality of `Red Globe' Table Grapes." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1069B—1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1069b.
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The region of Caborca, Sonora, Mexico, is one of the main area producers of table grapes, in particular the cultivar Red Globe. However, the main problems in the region include shortage and high cost of water, nematode infestation, and salinity. The objective of the present research was to determine the behavior of `Red Globe' cultivated on the rootstocks Harmony and Freedom. This study was carried out in the INIFAP Caborca research station in the year 2002, and consisted of 10 plants for treatment (on each rootstock). When water was low, a drip irrigation system was used. There was a completely randomized statistical design. We observed no differences among the two rootstocks in the different phonological stages (budbreak, flowering, and harvest time). The results indicated statistical differences between the rootstocks. Yield was higher on Freedom rootstock, with 2120 boxes/ha (boxes of 10 kg), an average of 470 boxes/ha more than on Harmony rootstock. Freedom rootstock also improved the quality of the grape (better color, bigger size of berry, and clusters, and the foliage was also more developed with this rootstock). In both rootstocks, nematode control was 100%, 30% in water consumption, and no fertilizer was used.
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Bowman, Kim D., and Ute Albrecht. "Rootstock Influences on Health and Growth Following Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Infection in Young Sweet Orange Trees." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121907.
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Health, growth, fruit production, and fruit quality of citrus crops are severely affected by tree infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and subsequent development of the disease huanglongbing (HLB). The use of HLB-tolerant rootstocks is one strategy that is used to ameliorate the effects of HLB in commercial production. Although there is a clear long-term rootstock effect to improve tree performance, such field trials take many years for establishment and evaluation, and this long time-period is very limiting to expeditious evaluation of new rootstocks. In this study, we have conducted a 50-week greenhouse experiment to evaluate rootstock influences on Valencia sweet orange tree response to CLas infection. The infection of trees with CLas reduced scion and rootstock growth, increased leaf yellowing, and reduced the number of leaves per tree and leaf area, regardless of rootstock. There were clear rootstock influences on some traits during the 50-week study. In general, infected trees on US-942 rootstock had lower CLas root titers, less reduction of the number of leaves, less reduction of leaf area, and less leaf yellowing, as compared with some of the other rootstocks. The 50-week greenhouse evaluation method provided results that corresponded well with results from long-term field testing, indicating this may be a useful tool to accelerate evaluation and selection of new rootstocks, as well as in testing other HLB management strategies.
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Kita, Kazuhito, Hirokazu Kon, Wataru Ishizuka, Evgenios Agathokleous, and Makoto Kuromaru. "Survival rate and shoot growth of grafted Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica): a comparison between Japanese larch (L. kaempferi) and F1hybrid larch (L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) rootstocks." Silvae Genetica 67, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2018-0016.
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Abstract We grafted scions of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) onto Japanese larch (L. kaempferi) and F1 hybrid larch (L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) rootstocks and examined rootstock-scion compatibility by assessing the survival rate (SR) in two independent experiments. Scion overgrowth on the rootstock was not observed. SR was not significantly different among rootstocks due to large interquartile ranges (IQR) among clones within a rootstock type. Results suggested that the SR was more dependent on the clonal characteristics of the scion than on the growth vigor of the rootstock. Shoot elongation of grafts on F1 hybrid rootstock was superior to that of grafts on Japanese larch rootstock. Selection of an appropriate combination of scion and rootstock may improve the SR of grafted Dahurian larch and shorten the cultivation period.
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Sholberg, P. L., and H. A. Quamme. "Dieback of pome fruit rootstocks caused by Pseudomonas syringae." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-067.
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Dieback (bark necrosis) of pome fruit rootstocks occurred in cuttings, potted plants in the greenhouse, and plants in the nursery when the freshly cut stems were inoculated with bacterial isolate ARS4, identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. Isolate ARS4, originally isolated from a diseased Malling 9 (M.9) rootstock from a commercial nursery, also caused papery bark (bark shredding) on apple and pear rootstocks indicative of severe dieback. Isolate 980 also identified as P. syringae pv. syringae, isolated from a sweet cherry branch canker, was associated with dieback of pome fruit rootstocks in greenhouse trials but was generally less pathogenic than isolate ARS4. Isolate ARS4 labelled with resistance to nalidixic acidic was recovered from lesions on five of nine M.9 rootstocks at the lesion boundary indicating that the isolate was present in diseased rootstock tissue. Of nine apple rootstock cultivars tested for susceptibility to isolate ARS4, M.4 and M.9 were more susceptible than the other five rootstock cultivars. The effect of inoculation during thawing of frozen M.9 rootstocks in pots led to significantly more dieback than if rootstocks were not frozen. Contamination of buds did not lead to dieback but isolate 980 reduced McIntosh bud growth to 1.7% of the total number of buds that were tested. Leaving a stub above the scion bud on M.9 rootstocks to control dieback did not affect bud development or rootstock stem diameter. Key words: Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas fluorescens, necrosis, papery bark, lesions, blister spot
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Jayawickrama, K. J. S., S. E. McKeand, J. B. Jett, and E. Young. "Rootstock and scion effects on carbohydrates and mineral nutrients in loblolly pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-256.
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Variation in scion physiology caused by rootstock families, scion clones, and the rootstock–scion interactions were studied in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.). Ten full-sib families were used as rootstocks, and six scion clones were grafted on the rootstocks in all combinations. The trees were measured during and after the 2nd year after grafting; the traits measured were needle carbohydrate (starch, sucrose, and hexoses) concentrations and needle N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations. These traits were measured in early fall and early spring. There were highly significant differences among scion clones for all traits. Rootstocks significantly affected hexoses in fall, total sugars in spring, P, K, Ca, and Mg in fall, and Ca and Mg in spring. For most traits the largest variance component was within each rootstock-scion combination; next largest were those for scion clones. Variance components for rootstocks were small or negative for most traits, indicating that the scion has more control than the rootstock on scion physiology of young grafted loblolly pine.
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Daley, Shawna L., William Patrick Wechter, and Richard L. Hassell. "Improvement of Grafted Watermelon Transplant Survival as a Result of Size and Starch Increases Over Time Caused by Rootstock Fatty Alcohol Treatment: Part II." HortTechnology 24, no. 3 (June 2014): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.3.350.
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Fatty alcohol treatments can be used to eliminate the meristem of cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) rootstocks, which prevents regrowth when grafting, but the effects of the treatment on the rootstock have not been documented. Two rootstock types, ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and ‘Carnivor’ interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) commonly used in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafting significantly increased in cotyledon and hypocotyl size over 21 days after treatment (DAT) with a 6.25% fatty alcohol emulsion. There was a significant increase in total soluble sugar (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) content for each rootstock hypocotyl and cotyledon. Starch concentrations of hypocotyls and cotyledons also increased significantly in both rootstocks. This increase in stored energy could greatly increase the success rate of the grafting process. Increased rootstock energy reserves could overcome the need for keeping the rootstock cotyledon intact when grafting.
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Bujdosó, G., and K. Hrotkó. "Rootstock-scion interactions on dwarfing cherry rootstocks in Hungary." Horticultural Science 32, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3779-hortsci.
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In 1997 the Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals set up a comparative rootstock trial to study foreign-bred dwarf cherry rootstocks in the Hungarian climate. Based upon their effects on trunk and canopy growth, rootstocks can be classified into 3 groups: very vigorous (Cerasus mahaleb L. Cema, Cerasus avium L. C. 2493, Weiroot 13), medium vigorous (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) and dwarfing rootstocks (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Differences between the blooming and ripening times of rootstock/scion combinations were also observed. Linda produced the highest cumulative yield followed by Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 and Piramis. The largest fruit diameter was measured in Germersdorfi 3 among the sweet cherry cultivars; the highest ratio of fruits larger than 26 mm was found on Weiroot 72, and the lowest on GiSelA 5. The largest fruit diameter of the sour cherry Piramis was observed in trees on Cerasus avium C. 2493.
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Edwards, Jeffrey T., and Lawrence R. Oliver. "Emergence and Growth of Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) as Affected by Rootstock Size and Planting Depth." Weed Technology 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-213r.
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Trumpetcreeper, a deciduous, perennial vine found in the midwestern and southeastern United States, causes crop losses through direct competition and by crop entanglement, and control measures include both herbicides and tillage. The regenerative capacity of trumpetcreeper rootstocks of varying length and diameter when planted at different depths was evaluated in greenhouse experiments in Arkansas. Deeper placement of rootstocks delayed trumpetcreeper emergence but had no effect on shoot growth after emergence. Larger rootstock segments produced more shoots per plant and more total biomass production. However, smaller rootstock segments produced more shoots and total biomass per centimeter of rootstock. Overall, decreasing trumpetcreeper rootstock size will delay shoot emergence but may not result in increased long-term control.
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Abou Rayya, Mahmoud Sami, Nabila Elbadawy Kaseem, and Thanaa Shaban Mohamed Mahmoud. "Comparative Vegetative, Nutritional and Anatomical Study of Two Almond Varieties Grafted on Bitter Almond and Nemaguard Peach Rootstocks." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 74 (September 28, 2021): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.74.140.148.
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A comparative study was conducted during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 growing seasons for Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra almond cvs grafted on Bitter almond and Nemaguard peach rootstocks at the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre at Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt. The comparison was evaluated through the grafting success percentage, vegetative growth, determination of some leaf mineral composition, as well as, the anatomical examination of scion/rootstock union zone and cross-section of leaves. The obtained results clarified that the grafting success percentage was significantly affected by the different used rootstocks. Using Bitter almond rootstock recorded the highest percentage of grafting success, leaf chlorophyll content, root length, and a number of lateral root /plant in both cultivars. Using Nemaguard peach rootstock recorded significantly the highest values of scion length, stem girth above and below union zone, number of branches and leaves/plant, leaf area as well as seedlings fresh and dry weight. Leaves of both cultivars grafted on Nemaguard peach rootstock recorded the highest concentrations of leaf mineral contents as compared to those grafted on Bitter almond rootstock. Cross-sections of the graft union zone were taken after 28 days and 6 months from grafting for anatomical analysis. The callus cells developed 28 days after grafting, but cambial cells between the rootstock and scion tissues did not occur in all scion/rootstock combinations. After 6 months of grafting, cambial cells were established, vascular differentiation was observed, regular parenchymatic tissue properties and sclerenchyma bundles were seen in the graft union. There was no problem in terms of compatibility of Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra on Bitter almond and Nemaguard peach rootstocks. Comparing leaf cross-sections of almond grafted on both rootstocks demonstrated that the density of mesophyll cells was affected as a consequence of the rootstock–scion interaction. Nemaguard peach rootstock can be recommended for grafting Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra almond cultivars under Nubaria conditions to produce vigorous trees.
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TUWEI, G., F. K. K. KAPTICH, M. C. LANGAT, B. G. SMITH, and R. H. V. CORLEY. "EFFECTS OF GRAFTING ON TEA 2. DROUGHT TOLERANCE." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 4 (October 2008): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006947.
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SUMMARYThe drought tolerance of tea clones in Kenya can be improved by grafting onto appropriate rootstocks, with more susceptible clones showing greater improvement. It appears that drought may have distinct effects on rootstock and scion, with rootstock performance correlated with xylem water potential, while scion performance was correlated with stomatal conductance. Drought tolerance is not the only requirement for a rootstock under Kenyan conditions, however, and the most tolerant rootstocks do not necessarily give the greatest overall yield increase when non-drought years are included.
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Hrotkó, Károly, Krisztina Németh-Csigai, Lajos Magyar, and Gitta Ficzek. "Growth and Productivity of Sweet Cherry Varieties on Hungarian Clonal Prunus mahaleb (L.) Rootstocks." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020198.
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Due to climate changes, drought- and lime-tolerant Prunus mahaleb rootstock may gain importance. Among the Mahaleb rootstocks and hybrids, there are standard and moderate-vigorous types, but their intensive testing in orchards is still needed. Our paper reports on testing rootstocks SL 64, Bogdány, Magyar, SM 11/4 clonal Mahalebs, and the hybrid MaxMa 14. ‘Carmen’, ‘Vera’, ‘Paulus’, and ‘Rita’ sweet cherry trees were trained on the above rootstocks to the principles of Hungarian Cherry Spindle at a spacing of 1.6 × 5 m. Rootstocks SL 64, Bogdány, and SM 11/4 proved to be vigorous, while on rootstocks Magyar and MaxMa 14, the trees were moderately vigorous, about 80%. ‘Carmen’, ‘Vera’, and ‘Rita’ on Magyar and MaxMa 14 produced high cumulative yields without significant differences, while ‘Paulus’ trees were most productive on Bogdány rootstock. ‘Carmen’ on Bogdány rootstock, ‘Vera’ on Magyar and Maxma 14 rootstock, and ‘Rita’ on MaxMa 14 were more precocious than on SL 64. Contrary to SL 64 and MaxMa 14, both Magyar and Bogdány rootstocks resulted in abundant flat branching and good fruit size. Our conclusion is that trees on Magyar and Bogdány rootstocks fit well to the Hungarian Cherry Spindle orchard system with 1250 tree/ha orchard density.
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Russo, Nicole L., Terence L. Robinson, Gennaro Fazio, and Herb S. Aldwinckle. "Fire Blight Resistance of Budagovsky 9 Apple Rootstock." Plant Disease 92, no. 3 (March 2008): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-3-0385.
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Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stem from genetic variation in the B.9 population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed the clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders.
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Doltu, Mădălina, Elena Dragomir, Bogdan Iordache, and Dorin Sora. "IDENTIFICATION OF SOME ROOTSTOCKS FOR WATERMELON CULTURES FROM ROMANIA." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 20 (December 31, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2020.v10i20.007.
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Among the grafting aims are (1) to enhance plant growth, fruit yield and quality; (2) to control wilt caused by pathogens; (3) to reduce viral, fungal and bacterial infection; (4) to strengthen tolerance to thermal or saline stress; (5) to increase nutrient and mineral uptake to the shoot. The cultivars used to obtain of grafted seedlings were from the Baronesa F1 (Citrullus lanatus) hybrid scion and the Pelops F1 (Lagenaria siceraria), Kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) and Zefir (Benicasa hispida) rootstocks. The rootstock has influenced the number of fruits per plant, weight/fruit and production/plant; the Pelops rootstock has had a positive influence and the Kiwano and Zefir rootstocks have had a negative influence compared to the non-grafted variant. The Pelops rootstock (105.84 t/ha) has had a positive influence and the Kiwano rootstock (53.45 t/ha) and Zefir rootstock (51.38 t/ha) have had have a negative influence compared to the non-grafted variant (95.5 t/ha). The biometric measurements on watermelon fruit yield were made in 2020 year. The experience aimed the identification of some rootstocks for the watermelon cultures from Romania. The research shows that the rootstocks has influenced fruit yield and some grafting combinations researched may be recommended for cropping in Romania.
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Nečas, Tomáš, and K. Lébl. "Evaluation of selected nursery traits in combination rootstocks and variety for Asian pear trees." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 8 (2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260080171.
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Evaluation of the nursery traits of rootstocks and varieties is an important tool for optimisation of the fruit orchard plants final growing. The present experiment evaluated the standard and progressive rootstocks for the pear trees in combination with the Asian varieties of P. pyrifolia Nakai. a P. ussuriensis Maxim. in comparison with the control variety ‘Conference’ P. communis L. The evaluation was focused on such properties as affinity, growth of the tree propagated by budding, thickness of the root crown at the rootstock and the root suckering. Their interactions were tested statistically. The highest values of affinity within the nursery were achieved with the following rootstocks: ‘BET’ (96.6%), ‘FOX 11’ (95.5 %), and ‘MA’ (94.4 %). ‘Hosui’ was identified as the variety with the greatest growing capacity, with an average gain of 1238.2 mm. The most supported variety growth was exhibited by the ‘FOX 11’ rootstock, with an average gain of the trees propagated by budding of 1388.8 mm. The growth intensity itself was demonstrated most in the thickness of the root crown of the ‘BET’ (P. betulifolia) rootstock, namely 15.8 mm. The rootstock that exhibited the strongest root suckering was also ‘BET’ with 6.2 suckers per rootstock. The identified differences between the varieties and rootstocks were confirmed as statistically significant or even highly statistically significant.
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Rahim, MA, M. Moniruzzaman, and F. Rahman. "Screening of Mango Rootstock For Saline Tolerance." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 19, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i1.54781.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was conducted at Fruit Tree Improvement Project, Fruit Tree Improvement Programme, Bangladesh Agricultural University-Germplasm Center (FTIP, BAU-GPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period of April 2020 to June 2020 to study the performance of selected mango rootstocks for the saline area. The two-factor experiment consisted of four mango rootstock varieties such as V1 = BAU Aam-9, V2 = BAU Aam-6, V3 = BAU Aam-4 and V4 = Amropali and six salinity treatments namely control S1 = 0 dSm-1, S2 = 4 dSm-1, S3 = 8 dSm-1, S4 = 10 dSm-1, S5 = 12 dSm-1 and S6 = 14 dSm-1. The experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that rootstock line and salinity levels had significant influences on various rootstock characters viz. length of rootstocks, number of leaves and percent rootstocks success and survivability. In case of varietal effect, the highest number of leaves (32.44) found in BAU Aam-6 and the lowest number of leaves was recorded in Amropali (22.55) at 90 days after transplanting. The longest rootstock length observed in 90 DAT which (54.83 cm) found in BAU Aam-9and shortest rootstock recorded in Amropali (47.94 cm). The highest survivability (51.44%) was recorded in BAU Aam-9 and the lowest survivability recorded in Amropali (33.88%). In case of salinity treatments, the highest survivability (95.83%) was recorded in control and the lowest survivability (0.00%) recorded in 14 dsm-1 at 90 DAT. Interaction of rootstock varieties and different salinity treatments showed significant variation on the length leave and survivability of rootstocks at 90 DAT. The maximum number of rootstock leaves recorded in V2S2 (46.33) and lowest number of leave recorded in V4S6 (7.66). The highest rootstock length was found in V1S3 (78.00 cm) and lowest in V1S2 (21.66 cm). The highest Survivability (100 %) observed in V1S1, V1S2, V2S1, V2S2 and V4S1. From the above mentioned it can be said BAU Aam - 9 and BAU Aam – 6 rootstock varieties performed best from 0-8 dSm-1 salinity. The overall salinity tolerance was graded as follows: BAU Aam - 9>BAU Aam – 6> BAU Aam-4>Amropali rootstock line. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 93-102 (2021)
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Montesinos, Álvaro, Grant Thorp, Jérôme Grimplet, and María Rubio-Cabetas. "Phenotyping Almond Orchards for Architectural Traits Influenced by Rootstock Choice." Horticulturae 7, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070159.
Full textAbstract:
The cropping potential of almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) cultivars is determined by their adaptation to edaphoclimatic and environmental conditions. The effects of scion–rootstock interactions on vigor have a decisive impact on this cropping success. Intensively planted orchards with smaller less vigorous trees present several potential benefits for increasing orchard profitability. While several studies have examined rootstock effects on tree vigor, it is less clear how rootstocks influence more specific aspects of tree architecture. The objective of this current study was to identify which architectural traits of commercially important scion cultivars are influenced by rootstock and which of these traits can be useful as descriptors of rootstock performance in breeding evaluations. To do this, 6 almond cultivars of commercial significance were grafted onto 5 hybrid rootstocks, resulting in 30 combinations that were measured after their second year of growth. We observed that rootstock choice mainly influenced branch production, but the effects were not consistent across the different scion–rootstock combinations evaluated. This lack of consistency in response highlights the importance of the unique interaction between each rootstock and its respective scion genotype.
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Pulko, B., S. Vršič, and J. Valdhuber. " Influence of various rootstocks on the yield and grape composition of Sauvignon Blanc." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 5 (July 25, 2012): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/347/2011-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
This influence of various rootstocks on the yield and grape composition of Sauvignon Blanc was examined. The yield on rootstock 41B/72 was 1 kg/vine or more higher than on rootstocks SO4 cl. 31, Riparia cl. 1 and Kober 5BB. The vines grafted on the Börner rootstock gave the highest weight of 100 berries (241 g). The highest seed weight of 100 berries (6.9 g) was found on rootstock 196/17 Cl, while the lowest one was on the Riparia cl. 1 (5.6 g). There was a strong, positive correlation (r = 0.91) between the berry and seed weights of vines on rootstock 41B/72 (2003). The total acidity content and the relationship between tartaric and malic acids were affected more by the weather conditions than by the rootstock. Relatively strong correlations between the grape yield and total soluble solids (r = –0.89), and between grape yield and total acidity (r = 0.76) were found in the grape juice on rootstock 41B/72 (in 2002).
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Talaie*, Alireza, Alireza Esmaili Falak, and Mohammad Ali Asgari. "A Comparison Study of the Effects of M.9 and Seedling Rootstocks on Two Iranian Cultivars, Golab Kohanz and Shafiabadi." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 797E—798. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.797e.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two apple rootstocks (M9 and Seedling) on the growth, total yield, fruit quality and mineral composition in leaves and fruits of two Iranian cultivars Golab Kohanz and Shafiabadi. The 10-year-old experimented trees were on stage of commercial cropping. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete-block design in split plot tests with two factors and four replications.The effects of rootstocks on trunk diameter, current seasonal shoot length, primary fruit set percentage, total yield/ha and individual fruit weight were significant (P < 0.01) in first year, but not significant on total yield and individual fruit weight in the second year. The effect of cultivar was only significant at current seasonal shoot length in the first year and total yield and individual fruit weight in both years. Fruit characters were also affected by rootstock, so fruit on M9 rootstock had more flesh firmness, most PH, TSS, and dry matter, but the effect of cultivars was not significant on fruit quality characters in both years. Cultivar Shafiabadi on M9 rootstock produced the highest yield/ha in all treatment combinations. The results of mineral analysis relieved the effects of rootstock on N and Zn concentration in leaves. Golab Kohanz/M9 rootstock showed the highest K content in leaves while the highest Zn amount was Golab Kohanz/Seedling rootstock. Other nutrient contents were affected neither by rootstocks nor cultivars. In fruit, rootstock effect on Mg and P concentration was significant; and the highest K content was found in fruit of Golab Kohanz/M9 and the highest Mg and Ca amount was also recorded in Golab Kohamz/Seedling rootstock.
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El-Motaium, Rawia, Hening Hu, and Patrick H. Brown. "The Relative Tolerance of Six Prunus Rootstocks to Boron and Salinity." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (November 1994): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1169.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of B and salinity [3 Na2SO4 : 1 CaCl2, (molar ratio)] on B toxicity and the accumulation of B, sodium, and SO4 in six Prunus rootstocks was evaluated. High salinity reduced B uptake, stem B concentrations, and the severity of toxicity symptoms in five of the six rootstocks. Forward and backward stepwise regression analyses suggested that stem death (the major symptom observed) was related solely to the accumulation of B in the stem tissue in all rootstocks. The accumulation of B and the expression of toxicity symptoms increased with time and affected rootstock survival. No symptoms of B toxicity were observed in leaf tissue. The Prunus rootstocks studied differed greatly in stem B accumulation and sensitivity to B. The plum rootstock `Myrobalan' and the peach-almond hybrid `Bright's Hybrid' were the most tolerant of high B and salinity, whereas the peach rootstock `Nemared' was very sensitive to high B and salinity. In all rootstocks, adding B to the growth medium greatly depressed stem SO4 concentrations. In every rootstock except `Nemared' peach, adding salt significantly depressed tissue B concentrations. A strong negative correlation between tissue SO4 and B was observed. Grafting experiments, in which almond was grafted onto `Nemared' peach or `Bright's Hybrid', demonstrated the ability of rootstocks to influence B accumulation and scion survival.
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Baryła, Piotr, Magdalena Kapłan, and Marcela Krawiec. "The effect of different types of rootstock on the quality of maiden trees of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. ‘Regina’." Acta Agrobotanica 67, no. 4 (2014): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.051.
Full textAbstract:
Over the period 2006–2009 in Lublin, a study was conducted to determine the effect of five types of rootstock: ‘Colt’, ‘F12/1’, sweet cherry (<em>Prunus avium </em>L.), ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Piast’ mahaleb cherry (<em>Prunus mahaleb </em>L.), on the growth and quality of maiden sweet cherry trees cv. ‘Regina’ in a commercial nursery. Based on the three-year average, rootstocks were shown to have a significant effect on the investigated quality characteristics of maiden sweet cherry trees. Trees budded on ‘Colt’ vegetative rootstock were characterized by strongest growth and best quality. In each year, they were thicker, higher and better branched than sweet cherries on the rootstock. Under the tested conditions, ‘GiSelA 5’ dwarf rootstock significantly reduced the growth and quality of budded sweet cherry trees in the nursery. During the period 2007–2009, no physiological incompatibility symptoms were observed ‘Regina’ sweet cherry cv. and ‘Piast’ seedling rootstocks. The growth of trees budded on ‘Piast’ mahaleb cherry was poorer than on ‘Colt’ clonal rootstock, but it was stronger than on ‘F12/1’ and <em>Prunus avium</em> L. rootstocks.
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KUMAR, KAMLESH, MANISH SRIVASTAV, SANJAY KUMAR SINGH, and ANKIT SINGH. "SSR marker based differentiation of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in mango (Mangifera indica)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 11 (December 16, 2020): 2101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i11.108568.
Full textAbstract:
Non-availability of standard clonal rootstocks in mango (Mangifera indica L.) is considered as an important hurdle, which has significant impact on orchard productivity. To obtain grafted mango plants, it is important to use polyembryonic rootstocks since they produce a zygotic and several nucellar plantlets from their seed, which are trueto- the type and also uniform. It is therefore imperative to device some reliable approach to ascertain the nucellar origin of seedlings to be used as rootstocks and thus culling out the variable zygotic seedlings in a polyembryonic genotypes for their use as uniform clonal rootstock. Differentiation of zygotic and nucellar seedlings using SSR markers in mango rootstock genotypes was undertaken during 2012-2015. Of the 42 SSRs used, 9 primer pairs (LMMA1, LMMA2, LMMA8, LMMA15, ESTD1, ESTD2, ESTD6, ESTD9 and ESTD10) were found to be informative, while 33 primer pairs were monomorphic. These nine primer pairs were used for differentiating zygotic and nucellar seedlings. In Olour rootstock, LMMA1, LMMA2, LMMA8, ESTD6 and ESTD10 primer pairs were informative and ascertained the zygotic and nucellar origin of seedlings. In Kurukkan rootstock, ESTD1, ESTD2, ESTD6 and ESTD9 primer pairs differentiated zygotic from nucellar seedlings. In 13-1 rootstock, LMMA8, LMMA15 and ESTD9 discriminated nucellars from zygotic seedlings. It is concluded that SSR markers were useful in differentiating the zygotic and nucellar seedlings in polyembryonic mango rootstocks and can be used in combinations to ascertain the origin of seedlings in polyembryonic mango rootstocks.
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Striegler, R. K., and D. R. Wineman. "089 EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF ZINFANDEL GRAPEVINES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 440f—441. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.440f.
Full textAbstract:
Selected rootstocks were evaluated for four seasons in a Zinfandel vineyard located in the northern San Joaquin Valley of California. The vineyard was drip-irrigated and vineyard spacing was 2.1m × 3.3m (vine × row). A two-wire vertical trellis system was used and row orientation was east to west. Vines were trained to a bilateral cordon and spur-pruned. Rootstocks included in the study were: AxR #1, Freedom, Harmony, Kober 5BB, and Teleki 5C. Vines grafted on AxR #1 rootstock were considered to be the control treatment. A randomized complete block experimental design was used. There were six blocks and plots consisted of five vines. Data collected included yield, components of yield, fruit composition, bloom petiole nutrient content, shoot number, and pruning weight. After the initial season, yields were consistently highest for vines grafted on Freedom rootstock, with yields only slightly lower on AxR #1 rootstock. Significantly lower yields were recorded for vines grafted on Kober 5BB and Teleki 5C. Rootstock did not have a consistent effect on fruit composition. Shoots/vine and shoots/meter of canopy were not significantly effected by rootstock. Dormant pruning weight was highest for Freedom and lowest for Kober 5BB. These results suggest that rootstock selection can influence vineyard productivity in the northern San Joaquin Valley. Continued research is needed to determine long term effects of the rootstocks used in this study.
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Wu, Yongmei, Le Liang, Yongdong Xie, Yi Tang, and Lei Liu. "Study on cadmium accumulation of different tomato rootstocks." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101116.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on the growth of different tomato rootstocks, the Cd content and transport efficient of rootstocks, the pot experiment was carried out with wild eggplant rootstocks Solanum torvum and Totosga, tomato rootstock “Dalishengen”, “Banzhen18” and “Guozhen1”. Under Cd stress, the plant heights of “Banzhe18” and “Dalishengen” were significantly higher than other; the main root lengths of Totosga and S. torvum were significantly longer than other. The dry weight of the “Banzhen18” was the highest, and the “Guozhen1” was the smallest. The order of Cd content in roots was S. torvum > Totosga > “Guozhen1” > “Banzhen18” > “Dalishengen”; the content of Cd in the stem of “Dalishengen” was the highest, and Totosga was the least. The order of Cd content in leaves was “Guozhen1” > “Dalishengen” > “Banzhen18” > Totosga > S. torvum. S. torvum had the smallest translocation factor, and “Dalishengen” had the biggest. Cd stress showed significant inter-specific differences in rootstock growth and Cd content. The plant height of tomato rootstock was significantly higher than the wild eggplant rootstock, and the main root length of wild eggplant rootstock was significantly longer than tomato rootstock. The Cd contents in S. torvum and Totosga mainly accumulated in the roots, so the Cd content in the aerial part was much lower than other.
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Marković, Nebojša, and Zoran Atanacković. "Fertility Variation of ‘Prokupac’ Cultivar Under Influence of Different Rootstocks." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1302171m.
Full textAbstract:
The examination was carried out in the vineyard on "Radmilovac"- Experimental field Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade. The aim of the research was to detect the effects of three rootstocks (K 5BB, SO4 and Š 41B) on Prokupac fertility. The paper presents the results of four years tests that showed variation of different fertility parameters depending on the rootstock. Rootstock K 5BB had the highest impact on the number of developed shoots per vine (14.1), number of productive shoots per vine (12) and the highest percent of developed shoot per vine (96%). Higher percentage of productive shoots was recorded on rootstock SO4 (93.7%). In comparison to other two rootstocks (5BB K and Š 41B) on the same rootstock was recorded higher values for the following parameters: inflorescences number per bud (1.5), inflorescences number per developed shoot (1.6) and number of inflorescences per productive shoot (1.7). Š 41B rootstock influenced cluster number per vine (20.5) and cluster mass (172.9 g).
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Dragavtseva, Irina, Anna Kuznetsova, Igor Savin, and Anna Klyukina. "The study of multivariance in realization of the plum graft and rootstock combinations adaptivity systems to the changing conditions of environment in the Krasnodar region with the use of digital technologies." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213401002.
Full textAbstract:
The study of rootstocks group, providing the average vigor of growth for the grafted fruit plants, discovered their significant influence on the frost hardiness of the “graft-rootstock” system. The adaptivity of the plum varieties in the different graft and rootstock combinations was studied according to the “frost hardiness” criterion in the stages of the winter and spring development of the flower buds. The computer maps of the plum efficient allocation were created on the studied rootstocks, permitting to lay down the plantings with the lesser risks in the terms of climate fluctuation. It was established, that in the south of Russia the climatic conditions to cultivate Stanley variety on PK SK 1 rootstock, as compared with the rootstock of cherry plum seedling, mostly often used in industrial plantings of plum are mostly favorable. The conducted research contributes to isolation and allocation of the most adaptive graft and rootstock combinations based on their frost hardiness and, consequently, regularity of fruit-bearing and yielding capacity.
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YIN, JOE PANG THAU. "ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON COCOA IN SABAH, MALAYSIA." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (October 2004): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002108.
Full textAbstract:
Twelve seedling cocoa families were evaluated as rootstocks in Sabah, Malaysia using three commercial cocoa clones as scions. The average yield was about 3 t dry cocoa beans ha−1. Yields on pure Scavina rootstock were about 10% above average and those on pure West African Amelonado about 10% below average. However, the effects of rootstock on yield were correlated with those on vigour and there was no effect on the ratio of yield to continuing vegetative growth. Rootstock did not influence bean weight or number of beans per pod or the uniformity of the trees. There was no indication of an interaction between rootstock and scion for any of the traits that were studied. The rootstock effect is considered large enough to warrant its control in critical work, especially field experiments with budded cocoa, but development of high performance scions is a higher priority in cocoa than intensive work with rootstocks.
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Martínez-Gómez, P., and T. M. Gradziel. "In vivo Micrografts in Almond and Their Application in Breeding Programs." HortTechnology 11, no. 2 (January 2001): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.2.313.
Full textAbstract:
The techniques of micrografting provide useful tools for the early propagation of breeding lines in variety improvement programs. In this study, the success of various in vivo micrografts of buds of `Nonpareil' almond (Prunus dulcis) seedlings have been examined. Variables tested include type of microscion, the rootstock genotype, and the growth stage of the rootstock. Microscions tested included small [3 mm (0.12 inches)] microwedges from either unsprouted or recently sprouted buds. Approach micrografts were also evaluated. Three-month-old woody rootstocks tested included `Nemaguard' and `Nemared' peach (P. persica) rootstocks, and the `Hansen' (peach × almond) hybrid rootstocks. `Nemared' rootstocks were also grafted after 1 month of growth when the tissue was still herbaceous. Micrografts onto woody rootstocks and using recently sprouted buds showed the best results. With very young or weak seedlings, where the recovery of microscions was difficult, the use of approach micrografts onto herbaceous rootstock proved a useful technique.
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Pavelková, Petra, Tomáš Kiss, and Tomáš Nečas. "Evaluation of Presence and Concentration of PPV in Rootstocks Derived from Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 1 (2019): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967010121.
Full textAbstract:
Evaluation of the presence and concentration of PPV (Plum pox virus) in selected rootstocks was carried out in 2016–2017. For the purpose of the experiment we used rootstocks derived from crossbreeding of Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch, such as Cadaman and Barrier, and also a P. davidiana seedling. Peach seedling rootstock GF‑305 was used as a control. The rootstocks were inoculated artificially with PPV strain M (Marcus). Both the rootstock and the inoculum were tested for presence of the virus by a serological method – semiquantitative DAS‑ELISA test and molecular methods – RT‑PCR, real‑time RT‑PCR and RT‑LAMP. During the growing season the plants were evaluated for symptom intensity by using a scoring scale. The results show interdependency between symptom intensity and the amount of PPV in leaves, with DAS‑ELISA test giving less positive samples than RT‑PCR. The RT‑LAMP and real‑time RT‑PCR methods were capable of revealing low concentrations of the virus even in symptom‑free plants. The lowest PPV concentrations of all the four rootstocks were detected by real‑time RT‑PCR in P. davidiana. The highest PPV concentrations were detected in Barrier rootstock. In inocula, the lowest concentration was found in the inocula on Cadaman rootstock, whereas the highest PPV concentration was detected in the inocula inoculated on Barrier rootstock.