Journal articles on the topic 'Root system strength and architecture'
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Ramos-Rivera, Johnatan, Harianto Rahardjo, Daryl Lee Tsen-Tieng, Nong Xuefeng, and Fong Yok King. "Mechanical response of the real tree root architecture under lateral load." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 7 (July 2020): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0332.
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The impact of climate change on tree stability is often associated with a higher risk of windthrow due to higher frequency and greater magnitude of extreme climatic conditions. Higher lateral loads due to an increase in maximum wind and rainfall reduce tree anchorage because of a decrease in soil matric suction and consequently the overall strength in the system of trunk, root, and soil. This study compared the mechanical response of trees with different root architectures using static loading tests conducted in the field and numerical analysis of laser-scanned root systems. For this case, mature trees of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., and Syzygium grande (Wight) Wight ex Walp. were tested and analyzed. The root system models consisted of root system architectures obtained using 3-D laser scanning. A parametric analysis was conducted by varying the modulus of elasticity of the soil (Es) from 2.5 to 25 MPa, and the results were compared with those of the static loading tests to obtain the overall mechanical responses of the root–soil systems. The results showed important dependencies of the mechanical responses of the root–soil system on the root architecture in withstanding the lateral load. The numerical models also allowed estimation of the effective leeward and windward anchorage zones with different soil elastic moduli and rooting architectures to define the extent of the tree root protection zones.
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Ola, A., I. C. Dodd, and J. N. Quinton. "Can we manipulate root system architecture to control soil erosion?" SOIL Discussions 2, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-265-2015.
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Abstract. Soil erosion is a major threat to soil functioning. The use of vegetation to control erosion has long been a topic for research. Much of this research has focused on the above ground properties of plants, demonstrating the important role that canopy structure and cover plays in the reduction of water erosion processes. Less attention has been paid to plant roots. Plant roots are a crucial yet under-researched factor for reducing water erosion through their ability to alter soil properties, such as aggregate stability, hydraulic function and shear strength. However, there have been few attempts to manipulate plant root system properties to reduce soil erosion. Therefore, this review aims to explore the effects that plant roots have on soil erosion and hydrological processes, and how plant root architecture might be manipulated to enhance its erosion control properties. We clearly demonstrate the importance of root system architecture for the control of soil erosion. We also demonstrate that some plant species respond to nutrient enriched patches by increasing lateral root proliferation. The soil response to root proliferation will depend upon its location: at the soil surface dense mats of roots may block soil pores thereby limiting infiltration, enhancing runoff and thus erosion; whereas at depth local increases in shear strength may reinforce soils against structural failure at the shear plane. Additionally, in nutrient deprived regions, root hair development may be stimulated and larger amounts of root exudates released, thereby improving aggregate stability and decreasing erodibility. Utilising nutrient placement at depth may represent a potentially new, easily implemented, management strategy on nutrient poor agricultural land or constructed slopes to control erosion, and further research in this area is needed.
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Zhang, Dong, Jinhua Cheng, Ying Liu, Hongjiang Zhang, Lan Ma, Xuemei Mei, and Yihui Sun. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Architecture of Living Brush Mattress: Root System and Soil Shear Strength in Riverbanks." Forests 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080493.
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As a basal measure of soil bioengineering, the living brush mattress has been widely applied in riparian ecological protection forest construction. The living brush mattress shows favorable protective effects on riverbanks. However, there are few reports on the root structure and the soil strengthening benefit of the living brush mattress. The present work reports a series of experiments on root morphology and soil shear strength enhancement at the temporal and spatial scales. The object of the study is 24 living brush mattress trees constructed with Salix alba L. ‘Tristis’ (LBS hereafter). Traditional root morphology and mechanical measurement methods were used to collect the parameters. The results showed that the root systems of LBS had the characteristics of symmetry and upslope growth. The roots were mainly distributed in a cylindrical region of the soil (radius × thickness: 0.4 m × 0.5 m) and their biomass increased with different growth rates for the periods from 1 to 5 and from 5 to 7 years. Both age and slope position were factors that influence root growth. The root diameter falls within 0–5 mm, has a significant effect on the soil shear strength and provides a conical-shape potentiation zone to ensure the efficient protection of a riverbank. The results of this study demonstrate that LBS is an efficient and feasible engineering measure in the field of riverbank protection.
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Ola, A., I. C. Dodd, and J. N. Quinton. "Can we manipulate root system architecture to control soil erosion?" SOIL 1, no. 2 (September 8, 2015): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-603-2015.
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Abstract. Soil erosion is a major threat to soil functioning. The use of vegetation to control erosion has long been a topic for research. Much of this research has focused on the above-ground properties of plants, demonstrating the important role that canopy structure and cover plays in the reduction of water erosion processes. Less attention has been paid to plant roots. Plant roots are a crucial yet under-researched factor for reducing water erosion through their ability to alter soil properties, such as aggregate stability, hydraulic function and shear strength. However, there have been few attempts to specifically manipulate plant root system properties to reduce soil erosion. Therefore, this review aims to explore the effects that plant roots have on soil erosion and hydrological processes, and how plant root architecture might be manipulated to enhance its erosion control properties. We demonstrate the importance of root system architecture for the control of soil erosion. We also show that some plant species respond to nutrient-enriched patches by increasing lateral root proliferation. The erosional response to root proliferation will depend upon its location: at the soil surface dense mats of roots may reduce soil erodibility but block soil pores thereby limiting infiltration, enhancing runoff. Additionally, in nutrient-deprived regions, root hair development may be stimulated and larger amounts of root exudates released, thereby improving aggregate stability and decreasing erodibility. Utilizing nutrient placement at specific depths may represent a potentially new, easily implemented, management strategy on nutrient-poor agricultural land or constructed slopes to control erosion, and further research in this area is needed.
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Meijer, Gerrit J., David Muir Wood, Jonathan A. Knappett, A. Glyn Bengough, and Teng Liang. "Root branching affects the mobilisation of root-reinforcement in direct shear." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199212010.
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The contribution of roots to the mechanical behaviour of soil has typically only been studied for the ultimate limit state. In these approaches, roots are typically modelled as straight and unbranched structures. This approach overlooks the fact that roots may have to deform significantly to mobilise their strength, a process that will be influenced by root architecture effects such as branching, amongst others. Sequential mobilisation of roots affects the peak root-reinforcement, thus differences in mobilisation are important to consider when quantifying root-reinforcement. In this paper, the effect of root branching was modelled using a large-deformation Euler-Bernoulli beam-spring model. The effect of soil was incorporated using non-linear springs, similar to p-y and t-z theory used for foundation piles. By connecting multiple beams together (i.e. applying appropriate linked boundary conditions at root connection points) the effect of branching could be analysed. A soil displacement profile corresponding with direct shear loading was then imposed and the response of the root analysed. It was shown that adding branches led to a quicker mobilisation of root-reinforcement. Branches increased the axial resistance to root displacement and changed the shape of the deformed roots. The presence of branching counteracted root slippage, and thus increased reinforcement. Larger branching densities increased this effect. This analysis demonstrated that the architecture of the root system has a strong effect on the mobilisation of root strength, which directly affects the maximum amount of reinforcement the roots will provide. Future modelling of root-reinforcement, both at the ultimate and serviceable limit state, should account for this effect.
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Mehra, Promil, Pankaj Kumar, Nanthi Bolan, Jack Desbiolles, Susan Orgill, and Matthew D. Denton. "Changes in soil-pores and wheat root geometry due to strategic tillage in a no-tillage cropping system." Soil Research 59, no. 1 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20010.
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Tillage management can influence soil physical properties such as soil strength, moisture content, temperature, nutrient and oxygen availability, which in turn can affect crop growth during the early establishment phase. However, a short-term ‘strategic’ conventional tillage (CT) shift in tillage practice in a continuous no-tillage (NT) cropping system may change the soil-pore and root geometry. This study identifies the impact of a tillage regime shift on the belowground soil-pore and root geometry. Micro X-ray computed tomography (µXCT) was used to quantify, measure and compare the soil-pore and root architecture associated with the impact of tillage shift across different plant growth stages. Soil porosity was 12.2% higher under CT in the top 0–100 mm and 7.4% in the bottom 100–200 mm of the soil core compared with NT. Soil-pore distribution, i.e. macroporosity (>75 μm), was 13.4% higher under CT, but mesoporosity (30–75 μm) was 9.6% higher under NT. The vertical distributions of root biomass and root architecture measurements (i.e. root length density) in undisturbed soil cores were 9.6% higher under the NT and 8.7% higher under the CT system respectively. These results suggest that low soil disturbance under the continuous NT system may have encouraged accumulation of more root biomass in the top 100 mm depth, thus developing better soil structure. Overall, µXCT image analyses of soil cores indicated that this tillage shift affected the soil total carbon, due to the significantly higher soil-pore (i.e. pore surface area, porosity and average pore size area) and root architecture (i.e. root length density, root surface density and root biomass) measurements under the CT system.
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Lee, Jung-Tai, Shun-Ming Tsai, Yu-Jie Wu, Yu-Syuan Lin, Ming-Yang Chu, and Ming-Jen Lee. "Root Characteristics and Water Erosion-Reducing Ability of Alpine Silver Grass and Yushan Cane for Alpine Grassland Soil Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147633.
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In Taiwan, intensive forest fires frequently cause serious forest degradation, soil erosion and impacts on alpine vegetation. Post-fire succession often induces the substitution of forest by alpine grassland. Alpine silver grass (Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hay.) and Yushan cane (Yushania niitakayamensis (Hay.) Keng f.) are two main endemic species emerging on post-fire alpine grassland. These species play a major role in the recovery of alpine vegetation and soil conservation of alpine grassland. However, their root traits, root mechanical properties and water erosion-reducing ability have still not been well studied. In the present study, root characteristics were examined using a complete excavation method. Root mechanical characteristics were estimated by utilizing the uprooting test and root tensile test, and hydraulic flume experiments were performed to investigate the water erosion-reducing ability using 8-month-old plants. The results show that the root architecture system of Alpine silver grass belongs to fibrous root system, while the Yushan cane has sympodial-tufted rhizomes with a fibrous root system. Root characteristics reveal that relative to Alpine silver grass, Yushan cane has remarkably larger root collar diameter, higher root biomass, larger root volume, higher root density, and a higher root tissue density. Furthermore, uprooting resistance of Yushan cane is notably higher than that of Alpine silver grass. However, the root tensile strength of Alpine silver grass is significantly higher than that of Yushan cane. Additionally, hydraulic flume experiments reveal that Yushan cane has significantly lower soil detachment rates than that of Alpine silver grass. Collectively, these findings clearly show that Yushan cane has superior root characteristics and water erosion-reducing ability than Alpine silver grass and is thus more suitable for the conservation of alpine grassland.
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Fallahpour, A. R., and A. R. Moghassem. "Yarn Strength Modelling Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP)." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 4 (December 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800409.
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This study compares capabilities of two different modelling methodologies for predicting breaking strength of rotor spun yarns. Forty eight yarn samples were produced considering variations in three drawing frame parameters namely break draft, delivery speed, and distance between back and middle rolls. Several topologies with different architectures were trained to get the best adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and gene expression programming (GEP) models. Prediction performance of the GEP model was compared with that of ANFIS using root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2-Value) parameters on the test data. Results show that, the GEP model has a significant priority over the ANFIS model in term of prediction accuracy. The correlation coefficient (R2-value) and root mean square error for the GEP model were 0.87 and 0.35 respectively, while these parameters were 0.48 and 0.53 for the ANFIS model. Also, a mathematical formula was developed with high degree of accuracy using GEP algorithm to predict the breaking strength of the yarns. This advantage is not accessible in the ANFIS model.
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Chen, Yining, Charlotte Thompson, and Michael Collins. "Controls on creek margin stability by the root systems of saltmarsh vegetation, Beaulieu Estuary, Southern England." Anthropocene Coasts 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/anc-2018-0005.
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The retreat of cliffs (lateral expansion) within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes, but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems. To understand the interaction between root presence and bank sediment, quantitative measurements of two saltmarsh species root systems (Atriplex portulacoides and Juncus maritima) were carried out in a saltmarsh in Southern England, and their relationships with bank stability were examined. Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning techniques were used to investigate three-dimensional root architecture. The data obtained (e.g., root volume, diameter, and distribution patterns of roots) were examined alongside more traditional root density measurements. The volumetric percentage, ratio between horizontal (lateral) and vertical roots (H/V ratio), and root diameter distribution are discussed in relation to their influence on bank sediment erosion threshold and shear strength. The results suggest that Atriplex portulacoides is more effective than Juncus maritimus in stabilising banks. This is because root systems that provide a high resistance to flow-induced erosion are better than those that provide a high resistance to gravity-induced erosion in stabilising cliff banks. This conclusion is relevant to future saltmarsh protection and re-establishment.
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Bahar, Mohammad Arsyad, Harida Samudro, and Ahmad Yulianto. "The modular structural system as an innovation for temporary public healthcare project of 4th-year architecture students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang." Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Technology 11, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/icgt.v11i1.1395.
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Abstract- The module structure system implements development by utilizing fabricated materials or components made outside the project site or on-site. Consumable shipping containers are often used to make architectural space rated more quickly and efficiently. The advantages of containers are customized, strength, durability, modular, labor, movable, availability, expense, and eco-friendly. The rapid spread of Covid-19 in various regions demands fast, proper, and adequate public health facilities. Containers can be an innovative solution for providing temporary, flexible, efficient, functional, and sustainable public health room facilities. This study describes the uses and advantages of modular container systems for architectural spaces. The result is a schematic design from the design studio of the 4th year architecture student of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, who is trying to improve the function of the use of consumable containers to get more benefits as a temporary architectural space for sustainability and public awareness of health and handling Covid-19.
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Khuong, Tran Linh, Zhao Gang, Muhammad Farid, Rao Yu, Zhuang Zhi Sun, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Testing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Materials for Biomimetic Robotic Applications." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 20 (June 2014): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.20.11.
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Biomimetic robots borrow their structure, senses and behavior from animals, such as humans or insects, and plants. Biomimetic design is design ofa machine, a robot or a system in engineeringdomain thatmimics operational and/orbehavioral model of a biological system in nature. 3D printing technology has another name as rapid prototyping technology. Currently it is being developed fastly and widely and is applied in many fields like the jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industry, education, geographic information system, civil engineering, guns. 3D printing technology is able to manufacture complicated, sophisticated details that the traditional processing method cannot manufacture. Therefore, 3D printing technology can be seen as an effective tool in biomimetic, which can accurately simulate most of the biological structure. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a technology of the typical rapid prototyping. The main content of the article is the focusing on tensile strength test of the ABS-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material after using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, concretization after it’s printed by UP2! 3D printer. The article focuses on two basic features which are Tensile Strength and Determination of flexural properties.
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Wang, Yu Duo. "The Applications of Industrial Robots in the Field of Industrial Automation and Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1716.
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The application of industrial robots in modern industry is very common, it not only can be used for manufacturing, and assembly areas can also be used. Its development and progress, especially in the development of intelligent robot can be considered to reflect a country's scientific and technological strength and technical level. In this paper, a detailed study of the control structure of the robot, on this basis, the design of a robot control system architecture, hardware and software design. In last with VC + +6.0 developed a control interface for a robot control system.
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Wang, Enli, and Chris J. Smith. "Modelling the growth and water uptake function of plant root systems: a review." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 5 (2004): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03201.
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Crop models have been intensively used as a tool to analyse the performance of cropping systems under variable climate in terms of productivity, profitability, and off-site impact. The importance of modelling the function of plant roots in water and nutrient uptake from the soil is becoming increasing clear with the expanding application areas of crop models. This paper reviews the approaches and assumptions used in growth and uptake modelling of plant roots, and how the responses of plant root system to internal and external factors are captured in the widely used crop models. Most modelling approaches are based on one of the following assumptions: (i) that plant roots are uniformly distributed in homogenous soil layers and all roots have the same ability for uptake, or (ii) that plant root length is always sufficient for resource uptake in rooted soil layers. In structured soils, an overestimation of water uptake is likely to be expected. Further studies on root growth, distribution, and function in structured soils will require quantification of soil structures and root distribution patterns; and for non-uniformly distributed plant populations, spatial distribution of plant roots and non-uniform uptake need to be modelled. Root architecture modelling may help to address such issues. However, in order for the model to be useful at the field production level, simplified approaches that require easily measurable inputs need to be developed. Some examples are given. The oversimplification of root response to soil drying and hardness is likely to lead to overestimation of root growth and water uptake in dense soils. A soil strength factor needs to be incorporated so that the improved model can help evaluate the effect of subsoil compaction on production and resource use. Responses of root growth and uptake to soil salinity, boron toxicity, and extreme pH need to be further investigated if models are to be used for evaluation of crop performance in such environments. Effect of waterlogging also needs to be added for use of the model on heavy clay soils under irrigation or concentrated rainfall. There is an urgent need for joint efforts of crop physiologists, agronomists, breeders, and soil scientists to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge and to collect data that better describe the crop root system and its growth and uptake ability, to quantify plant process level responses, and for better soil quantification. Such knowledge and data are essential for improvement of model performance and successful applications.
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Thirumalai Raja, K., N. Jayanthi, Jule Leta Tesfaye, N. Nagaprasad, R. Krishnaraj, and V. S. Kaushik. "Using an Artificial Neural Network to Validate and Predict the Physical Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (January 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1206512.
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SCC (self-compacting concrete) is a high-flowing concrete that blasts into structures. Many academics have been interested in using an artificial neural network (ANN) to forecast concrete strength in recent years. As a result, the goal of this study is to confirm the various possibilities of using an artificial neural network (ANN) to detect the features of SCC when Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is partially substituted with biowaste such as Bagasse Ash (BA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) (RHA). Specialist systems based on the fully connected cascade (FCC) architecture in artificial neural networks (ANN) are used to estimate the compressive toughness of SCC. The research results are confirmed with the forecasting results of ANN utilizing 73 trial datasets of differentiation focus proposals of cement, BA, and RHA containing parameters such as initial setting time (IST), final setting time (FST), and standard consistency. Experiments to determine compressive strength for a wider range of mixed prepositions will result in higher project expenses and delays. So, an expert system ANN is used to find the standard consistency, setting time, and compressive strength for the intermediate mix propositions according to IS 10262:2009. The experimental results of compressive strength for 28 days are considered, in which 70% was used to train the ANN and 30% was utilized for testing the accuracy of the predicted compressive strength for the intermediate mix proposition. Using all of the datasets, the number of hidden layers used for compressive strength prediction for intermediate mix proposal is determined in the first step. The compressive strength for the intermediate mix preposition was identified in the second phase of the research, using the number of hidden layers determined in the first phase. The results were validated using the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) obtained from ANN, resulting in an acceptance range of 97 percent to 99 percent.
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Julya ; Anastasia Maurina, Sharon. "STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTION IN BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION OF TAMAN BUAH MEKARSARI AMPHITEATHER BUILDING." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i1.3689.81-98.
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Abstract- Building structures are one of the most essential and basic components to make designs and construction realizations in architecture. Choosing the material for building learning since influences have been building the system and its ability to support and act as a load-bearing structure. One material that Indonesia possesses, which is also able to compete in strength and become a structural element of the building, is bamboo. An example seen in Mekarsari Fruit Garden Amphitheater building in Bogor displays a roof that is not only for the building's enclosure but also a structural function of the building. This dual function in architecture affects space, activity, and space atmosphere created by the uniqueness and natural element of the material itself. The main purpose of this study is to find an optimal and functional structure and beauty in the architectural system in Mekarsari Fruit Garden Amphitheater building. This study uses qualitative methods and collects the data from several ways through the literature, site, and building observation, object visual documentation, interviewed architect of the Taman Buah Mekarsari Amphitheater, simulations of building structure software, and the analog model. From this study, it can be concluded that roof structures can keep the symmetric form of the Taman Buah Mekarsari Amphitheater building and give through the structure configuration inside and deliver the message of the building concept.. Key Words: Structure, bamboo, structural function and architectural function, Taman Buah Mekarsari Amphitheatre
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Podestà, Stefano, Federica Pompejano, and Gerolamo Stagno. "The Wooden Roof of Banesa e Skendulate in Gjirokastra, Albania: The Role of the Diagnostic Test Campaign in the Structural Safety Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.911.
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Banesa e Skendulate is part of the historical center of the museum-city of Gjirokastra (Albanian UNESCO World Heritage), an unique and well-preserved example of Albanian urban vernacular architecture influenced by the ottoman architectural style, situated in a strategic position in the valley of the Drino. Banesa e Skendulate represents not only the typical compositional characteristics of this architecture but also a culture and a lifestyle deeply rooted in its own traditions. As its known, historic roofings are load-bearing structures made of timber according to an empirical and intuitive design, without structural engineering theory support, and Banesa e Skendulates roof is a clear example of the posts and beams system and shows the ability of the local craftsmen to deal with the support of heavy stone roofing. In the following paragraphs, will be presented the non-destructive diagnostic testing performed on the wooden structure of the roofing together with a detailed geometric and technological survey in order to recognize the structural system, its behavior and pathology and then process the analytical 3D model. Furthermore, the paper deals with the problem arose as consequence of the interpretation of the results obtained by the diagnostic tests, concerning the determination of the classes of resistance attached to ancient structural wooden elements that, for obvious reasons, cannot be classified according to the strength classes defined by the regulations for new timber constructions. Applying the reference strength values classified for the new timber elements to the historic ones, can cause a heavy penalty in terms of structural safety verification of the roof; that is why the role of the diagnostic test campaign should guide the reinforcement project applying reference values determined on the real conditions of the wooden elements.
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Sathyanarayan, Pavitha Uppinakere, Mamtha Mohan, Sandeep Kakde, and Annam Karthik. "Efficient carry select 16-bit square root adder with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor implementation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i1.pp172-183.
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The adder is the maximum usually used mathematics block in programs inclusive of <span lang="EN-US">central processing unit (CPU) and virtual sign processing. As a result, it is important to expand a space-saving, low-strength, high-overall performance adder circuit. The hassle is diagnosed to layout mathematics sub structures with minimized strength dissipation, low area, and minimal time postpone of common-sense circuits. In conventional <a name="_Hlk95894088"></a>carry select adder (CSA), the time required to generate the sum output is less than other basic adder circuits but the principal difficulty is the location because the variety of transistors used to put in force the CSA circuit is fairly more. So, the area increases because of which the overall power consumption of the circuit will be more. If it's far viable to lessen the variety of transistors used withinside the structure of CSA adder, then, the strength intake of the circuit may be decreased or even the reaction time will improve. By lowering the area of the adder circuit, the suggested solution intends to reduce power consumption and latency.</span>
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Toutounji, Hazem, Johannes Schumacher, and Gordon Pipa. "Homeostatic Plasticity for Single Node Delay-Coupled Reservoir Computing." Neural Computation 27, no. 6 (June 2015): 1159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00737.
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Supplementing a differential equation with delays results in an infinite-dimensional dynamical system. This property provides the basis for a reservoir computing architecture, where the recurrent neural network is replaced by a single nonlinear node, delay-coupled to itself. Instead of the spatial topology of a network, subunits in the delay-coupled reservoir are multiplexed in time along one delay span of the system. The computational power of the reservoir is contingent on this temporal multiplexing. Here, we learn optimal temporal multiplexing by means of a biologically inspired homeostatic plasticity mechanism. Plasticity acts locally and changes the distances between the subunits along the delay, depending on how responsive these subunits are to the input. After analytically deriving the learning mechanism, we illustrate its role in improving the reservoir’s computational power. To this end, we investigate, first, the increase of the reservoir’s memory capacity. Second, we predict a NARMA-10 time series, showing that plasticity reduces the normalized root-mean-square error by more than 20%. Third, we discuss plasticity’s influence on the reservoir’s input-information capacity, the coupling strength between subunits, and the distribution of the readout coefficients.
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Arifin, Agus Zainal, Anny Yuniarti, Lutfiani Ratna Dewi, Akira Asano, Akira Taguchi, Takashi Nakamoto, Arifzan Razak, and Hudan Studiawan. "Computer-aided diagnosis for osteoporosis based on trabecular bone analysis using panoramic radiographs." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v43.i3.p107-112.
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Background: Mandibular bone on panoramic radiographs has been proven to be useful for identifying postmenopausal women with low skeletal bone mineral density. One of the important parts of mandibular bone is trabecular bone. Trabecular bone architecture is one of the factors that governs bone strength and may be categorized as a contributor to bone quality. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a computer-aided system for measuring trabecular bone line strength on panoramic radiographs in identifying postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and to clarify the diagnostic efficacy of the system. Methods: Reduction and expansion of trabecular bone sample images using a two level Gaussian pyramid for removing noises and small segments were first introduced. Then, line strength at each pixel was calculated based on its existence on the trabecular bone with emphasizes line segment which has similar orientation with the root of tooth. The density was measured with respect to line strength of segment structure which has similar orientation with the root of tooth, either on the left and the right in the mandibular bone. Number of pixels in the line segment area was compared with a threshold value to determine whether normal or osteoporosis. Results: From experiment on 100 data, the accuracy of 88%, sensitivity of 92%, and specificity of 86.7% were achieved. Conclusion: The computer-aided system of trabecular bone analysis may be useful for detecting osteoporosis using panoramic radiographs.Latar belakang: Tulang mandibula pada panoramik radiografi telah banyak diteliti dan terbukti mampu digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi wanita pasca menopause dengan menggunakan bone mineral density rendah. Salah satu bagian tulang mandibula yang penting adalah tulang trabekula. Arsitektur tulang trabekula merupakan salah satu dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kekuatan tulang dan dapat digolongkan sebagai kontributor bagi kualitas tulang. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah sistem dengan bantuan komputer untuk mengukur kekuatan garis pada tulang trabekula dan menggunakannya untuk mendeteksi osteoporosis pada wanita postmenopause. Metode: Dilakukan sampling pada sebagian tulang mandibular yang menghasilkan sebuah sampel citra. Sampel citra ini selanjutnya diperbaiki dari derau (noise) dengan menggunakan piramida Gaussian dua level. Kekuatan garis pada tiap piksel dihitung berdasarkan orientasi segmen garis tulang trabekula yang sejajar dengan akar gigi. Setelah dilakukan binerisasi, luasan segmen yang dihasilkan dihitung dan dibandingkan dengan sebuah nilai ambang. Bila luasan melebihi nilai threshold maka dikategorikan sebagai normal. Sebaliknya bila luasan dibawah nilai threshold, dikategorikan sebagai osteoporosis. Hasil: Berdasarkan eksperimen terhadap 100 data, sistem mampu mencapai akurasi identifikasi sebesar 88%, sensitivitas 92%, dan spesifisitas 86,7%. Kesimpulan: Sistem analisa trabecular bone dengan bantuan komputer ini dapat digunakan oleh para dokter gigi untuk mendeteksi osteoporosis menggunakan panoramik radiografi.
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Suseenthiran, Kavetha, Abd Shukur Ja'afar, Ku Wei Heng, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd Aziz, Azmi Awang Md Isa, Siti Huzaimah Husin, and Nik Mohd Zarifie Hashim. "Indoor positioning utilizing bluetooth low energy (BLE) RSSI on LoRa system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp927-937.
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Indoor positioning systems has become popular in this era where it is a network of devices used to locate people or object especially in indoor environment instead of satellite-based positioning. The satellite-based positioning global positioning system (GPS) signal is affected and loss incurred by the wall of the building causes the GPS lack of precision which leads to large positioning error. As a solution to the indoor area coverage problem, an indoor positioning based on bluetooth low energy (BLE) and long range (LoRa) system utilising the receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) is proposed, designed and tested. In this project, the prototype of indoor positioning system is built using node MCU ESP 32, LoRa nodes and BLE beacons. The node MCU ESP 32 will collect RSSI data from each BLE beacons that deployed at decided position around the area. Then, linear regression algorithm will be used in distance estimation. Next, particle filteris implemented to overcome the multipath fading effect and the trilateration technique is applied to estimate the user’s location. The estimated location is compared to the actual position to analyze the root mean square error (RMSE) and cumulative distribution function (CDF). Based on the experiment result, implementing the particle filter reduces the error of location accuracy. The particle filter achieves accuracy with 90% of the time the location error is lower than 2.6 meters.
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Admassu Assegie, Tsehay, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, and Tayo Uthman Badrudeen. "Estimation of concrete compression using regression models." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 2799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i5.4210.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different regression models in concrete compressive strength estimation. A concrete compressive strength dataset is employed for the estimation of the regressor models. Regression models such as linear regressor, ridge regressor, k-neighbors regressor, decision tree regressor, random forest regressor, gradient boosting regressor, AdaBoost regressor, and support vector regressor are used for developing the model that predicts the concrete strength. Cross-validation techniques and grid search are used to tune the parameters for better model performance. Python 3.8 programming language is used to conduct the experiment. The Performance evaluation result reveals that the gradient boosting regressor has better performance as compared to other models using root mean square error (RMSE).
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Gao, Huan Bing, Shou Yin Lu, and Tao Wang. "A Dual-Arm Cooperating Physiotherapy Service Robot Based on Visual Position." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.222.
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This paper presents the scheme of a physiotherapy service robot including the mechanical architecture, control system, visual position system, etc. The robot can treat degenerative disease and chronic disease of middle-aged and aged people by Chinese massage skill, the main body of which includes a massage adjustable bed, two 4-DOF robot arms and two massage hands that can accomplish various massage manipulations. Two arms cooperate to improve the massage efficiency, and provide sufficient strength and enough reachable workspace for massage. The manipulators are controlled by a TRIO multi-axes motion controller and a embedded computer module. Physiological signal and massage pressure is detecting in real time in massage process to ensure a scientific and safe therapy. Vision System sends the recognized acupoint position to the master system to track the patients body, and the acupoint being massaged is displayed in real time by the 3D virtual display model. The robot can execute ten massage manipulations, which make traditional Chinese massage can have a robot instead. The effectiveness for degenerative lumbago in middle-aged and aged is demonstrated by laboratory examination and clinical trial.
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Lee, Byoungsu, and Seungwoo Kim. "A Study on the Implementation of Home Wellness Robot Self-Localization Using RSSI and Trilateration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 1078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.1078.
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This paper develops the design technology of a sensing platform for the HWR to perform a role of both health and life care in an aging society. The localization of indoor mobile robot is so important for its elaborate trajectory control. We set research focus on self-localization in this paper. The RF sensor network system is installed to improve its self-localization ability so that the HWR can identify its own location and track the path very well. A fusion algorithm using RSSI(Received Signal strength indication) and trilateration is also proposed for the agile self-localization. It is implemented by new configuration of novel sensing architecture and embedded software. Finally, we confirm its good performance through the resultant data of live tests.
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Kazerooni, H., and Jenhwa Guo. "Human Extenders." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 2B (June 1, 1993): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899068.
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A human’s ability to perform physical tasks is limited by physical strength, not by intelligence. We coined the word “extenders” as a class of robot manipulators worn by humans to augment human mechanical strength, while the wearer’s intellect remains the central control system for manipulating the extender. Our research objective is to determine the ground rules for the control of robotic systems worn by humans through the design, construction, and control of several prototype experimental direct-drive/non-direct-drive multi-degree-of-freedom hydraulic/electric extenders. The design of extenders is different from the design of conventional robots because the extender interfaces with the human on a physical level. The work discussed in this article involves the dynamics and control of a prototype hydraulic six-degree-of-freedom extender. This extender’s architecture is a direct drive system with all revolue joints. Its linkage consists of two identical subsystems, the arm and the hand, each having three degrees of freedom. Two sets of force sensors measure the forces imposed on the extender by the human and by the environment (i.e., the load). The extender’s compliances in response to such contact forces were designed by selecting appropriate force compensators. The stability of the system of human, extender, and object being manipulated was analyzed. A mathematical expression for the extender performance was determined to quantify the force augmentation. Experimental studies on the control and performance of the experimental extender were conducted to verify the theoretical predictions.
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Mosleh, Ahmed O., Elena G. Kotova, Anton D. Kotov, Iosif S. Gershman, and Alexander E. Mironov. "Bearing Aluminum-Based Alloys: Microstructure, Mechanical Characterizations, and Experiment-Based Modeling Approach." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238394.
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Due to the engine’s start/stop system and a sudden increase in speed or load, the development of alloys suitable for engine bearings requires excellent tribological properties and high mechanical properties. Including additional elements in the Al-rich matrix of these anti-friction alloys should strengthen their tribological properties. The novelty of this work is in constructing a suitable artificial neural network (ANN) architecture for highly accurate modeling and prediction of the mechanical properties of the bearing aluminum-based alloys and thus optimizing the chemical composition for high mechanical properties. In addition, the study points out the impact of soft and more solid phases on the mechanical properties of these alloys. For this purpose, a huge number of alloys (198 alloys) with different chemical compositions combined from Sn, Pb, Cu, Mg, Zn, Si, Ni, Bi, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Al) were cast, annealed, and tested for determining their mechanical properties. The annealed sample microstructure analysis revealed the formation of soft structural inclusions (Sn-rich, Sn-Pb, and Pb-Sn phases) and solid phase inclusions (strengthened phase, Al2Cu). The mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength (σu), Brinell hardness (HB), and elongation to failure (δ) were used as control responses for constructing the ANN network. The constructed network was optimized by attempting different network architecture designs to reach minimal errors. Besides the excellent tribological characteristics of the designed set of alloys, soft inclusions based on Sn and Pb and solid-phase Cu inclusions fulfilled the necessary level of mechanical properties for anti-friction alloys; the maximum mechanical properties reached were: σu = 197 ± 7 MPa, HB = 77 ± 4, and δ = 20.3 ± 1.0%. The optimal ANN architecture with the lowest errors (correlation coefficient (R) = 0.94, root mean square error (RMSE) = 3.5, and average actual relative error (AARE) = 1.0%) had two hidden layers with 20 neurons. The model was validated by additional experiments, and the characteristics of the new alloys were accurately predicted with a low level of errors: R ≥ 0.97, RMSE = 1–2.65, and AARE ˂ 10%.
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Anam, Arzan Khoirul, and Wiwin Sulistyo. "OPTIMIZATION OF ACCESS POINT ARRANGEMENT AND PLACEMENT IN THE INDOOR ROOM OF SMP NEGERI 6 SALATIGA USING GENETIC ALGORITHM." Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) 3, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 1765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jutif.2022.3.6.632.
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Access points are generally only recommended to load up to 40 clients only. Thus, proper placement and arrangement of access points in a room or building can optimize the signal strength received by users. The purpose of this study is to optimize the arrangement and placement of access points built using the genetic algorithm method. In the system built, the user is required to input the number of populations, iterations and the number of nodes 1 and 2. In the program implementation, the population functions to load the genes resulting from the possible placement of the access point based on the iteration results. The access point placement optimization system using the genetic algorithm method has been successfully implemented, the system can perform calculations in processing the ideal access point placement. Access point placement using genetic algorithms can provide recommendations for network architecture design in terms of the coverage area that needs to be used so that designers can save time on node point design and estimate the ideal price in determining the number of access points for network installation and can assist in determining the required coverage area. ideal for schools.
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Veylon, G., M. Ghestem, A. Stokes, and A. Bernard. "Quantification of mechanical and hydric components of soil reinforcement by plant roots." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 11 (November 2015): 1839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0090.
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The use of vegetation to stabilize slopes with regard to shallow landslides is an ecological and economic alternative to traditional solutions of civil engineering. This study aims at quantifying the effect of soil water content on the reinforcement of soil by plant roots and determines how soil water content influences the failure modes of roots during shear. Direct shear box tests were performed on three species used in hillslope reforestation programs in Yunnan, China. Reinforcement was quantified and divided into a hydric component corresponding to the effect of water removal and a mechanical component reflecting the influence of roots on apparent cohesion and friction angle. It was shown that the hydric component of reinforcement can be of the same order as the mechanical component and that root system architectural traits influence the type of mechanical reinforcement (cohesive or frictional). We also demonstrate the potential development of matric suction effects on the shear strength of soil.
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Yeremeyv, P. G., and D. B. Kiselev. "Thin Sheet Metal (Membrane) Suspended Roof Structures." International Journal of Space Structures 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119501000406.
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A membrane roof is a three-dimensional system of thin metal sagging sheets fastened along the perimeter to the supporting contour. The membrane can form the roof of buildings and structures of various shapes of the surface and in-plan outlines with spans of 18 to 300 m. The longer the span the higher the economic efficiency of the membranes, the thickness of which is as low as 1 to 5 mm. The distinctive features of the structure are the most complete use of strength properties of a thin sheet in compression and the continuation in one material of load bearing and enclosure functions. Such a structure is able to resist all types of force actions, wind and seismic ones being among them. The thin-sheet roof are easy to manufacture and erect. The membrane structures are intended for civil and industrial buildings. At present a wide complex of theoretical and experimental studies of the membrane structures is being carried out.
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Pei, Yanming, and Yadong Chen. "Monitoring and Analysis of Youth Sports Physique by Intelligent Medical Robot Based on Cognitive Computing." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 13, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5358059.
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As a key part of promoting the physical health of the people and promoting social progress, sports has ushered in comprehensive vitality. More and more people’s attention has been paid to the physical health status, especially the physical status of young people. In the field of physical fitness monitoring, although the state has continuously increased investment in human and financial resources, it still cannot meet the needs of the market. This study mainly discusses the monitoring of youth sports physique by intelligent medical robots based on cognitive computing. This study introduces the development and implementation process of the management system and the test planning of the system. It focuses on the realization of the scalable architecture of the system server application and the communication mechanism of the intelligent terminal application. With the development of collaborative computing, social computing, and the ever-changing demands of human-computer interaction, it is difficult for a single user to take into account the interactive tasks in complex scenarios. The collaborative interaction of multiusers has gradually been paid more and more attention. Teenagers can log in to the intelligent medical robot system or mobile phone terminal to make health test appointments, score inquiries, and prescription inquiries. Its display module displays different contents according to different login identities. For teenagers, it is necessary to check personal physical test results and have a position on their physical health. Through the intelligent medical robot system, the administrator records and analyzes the results of the youth health test and gives appropriate exercise prescriptions for the youth. This not only analyzes the functional requirements that meet the basic user needs, but also analyzes the nonfunctional requirements that meet the most basic security, stability, and robustness of the software. Intelligent medical systems can effectively help people learn medical knowledge better in today’s postepidemic era. It also helps people to conduct self-diagnosis and self-examination of minor diseases to a certain extent, so as to improve their own health. From the functional requirements, each module of the intelligent medical robot system is functionally described. From a nonfunctional point of view, the design and implementation meet the performance requirements of client-side robustness, maintainability, and stability. Finally, the system architecture of the intelligent medical robot is designed, and the specific database table is given. During the research, 20% of the students believed that their physical condition had been improved through physical health monitoring. The state of national physique can reflect a part of the country’s comprehensive national strength to a certain extent. Throughout history, the overall development trend of a society and a country is constrained by the two factors of the group’s constitution and economic development. This research will contribute to the physical and mental development of adolescents. The robot designed in this paper meets the requirements of a large number of students’ centralized testing and is more accurate, faster, and more convenient.
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Sherman, Dov, and Doron Schlumm. "The mechanical behavior of ceramic–metal laminate under thermal shock." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 9 (September 1999): 3544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0480.
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A new material system for applications involving thermal shock is proposed. The system consists of thin layers of ceramics and thinner metallic interlayers. In this study, a ceramic/metal laminate was constructed from Coor's ADS96R thin plates alternating with thinner Wesgo Cusil Active Braze Alloy interlayer foils and joined in active brazing. The maximum brazing temperature was 845 °C. Square laminated plates were quenched in room-temperature distilled water, where a very large heat transfer coefficient exists, and therefore, severe conditions of thermal shock occur. The laminated plates, initially at temperatures of 600 and 800 °C, were quenched at their bottom surface only in a specially designed apparatus. The temperatures at the top and the bottom surfaces of the specimens were measured by means of two thermocouples during quenching. The basic features of this architecture are described. The dominant behavior was the absence of interaction between the biaxial cracking mechanisms in a ceramic layer with those in an adjacent ceramic layer, and localization of the damage to those layers that experienced sufficient tensile stresses. The result was a dramatic increase of the residual strength after thermal shock. In addition, R-curve behavior upon mechanical loading caused by plastic deformation of the metallic interlayer was observed.
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Kuklík, Pavel, Peter Duinker, and Justin Hettinga. "Stability Analysis on the Roof Trusses of the Broumov Group of Churches to Underline Statical Sense of Dientzenhofers." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.385.
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The Broumov group of churches represents an integral part of Bohemian baroque architecture. The famous Dientzenhofer family of architects, that helped define the Bohemian baroque style in the early 18th century, designed the Broumov group for the governing Benedictine abbey of St. Wenceslaw in Broumov. This report summarizes a structural investigation, using FIN10 finite element software, into the stability and efficiency of the roof trusses design. The structures age and current state were taken into account in calculating both the applied loads and structural capacity by increasing loads and reducing material strength. A damage analysis, including identification of fungi species, was performed, documented and implemented in a three-dimensional model for comparison with undamaged results. Magnitude and distribution of axial and bending forces were determined using both two dimensional and three-dimensional models for several load cases. Using the comparison of 1st order and 2nd order structural analysis results and Eurocode specified criteria, critical and unnecessary members of the roof system were identified and evaluated. Classical linear elastic 2nd order theory was used based of Eulerian principles, ignoring geometrical non-linearity and non-linear material effects. The main analysis was performed on the St. Ann church in Viznov and St. Barbora church in Otovice.
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Morita, Shigenori, and Jun Abe. "Grasping root system architecture." Root Research 23, no. 4 (2014): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3117/rootres.23.99.
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Zhai, Zhipeng, Wei Guo, Yanhui Liu, Shuang Zou, and Fulin Zhou. "Enhancing the Seismic Resilience of Steel Moment Resisting Frame with a New Precast Self-Centering Rocking Shear Wall System." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111957.
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In this paper, a new precast self-centering rocking shear wall system (PSCRSW) mainly composed of precast reinforced concrete (RC) wall, V-shaped steel brace and pre-pressed disc spring friction damper (PDSFD) are proposed to enhance the seismic resilience of steel moment resisting frame (SMRF). The mechanical behavior of PDSFD was investigated and simulated. The skeleton model of PSCRSW was theoretically derived and numerically validated, and the hysteretic performance under different design parameters was discussed and compared with that of the conventional RC shear wall. Based on the analyses, design principles and suggestions for PSCRSW were given. Then, an efficient seismic resilient design method for enhancement of SMRF was proposed, which considers performance objectives of multiple seismic hazard levels and has less design iteration. A typical SMRF was adopted as the prototype to be enhanced by the presented PSCRSW and design method. Reliable numerical models for the prototype and the enhanced SMRF were established, and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to assess the effectiveness of enhancing strategy. The results show that PSCRSW can realize approximate yielding behavior, displacement capacity and lateral strength to the conventional shear wall and can significantly lower the residual drift and wall damage. During the design, the ratio of preload to friction force for PSCRSW was suggested to be 1.5~2.0, and the bearing capacity for the wall was suggested to be amplified 1.2 times. Thereby, desirable bearing and self-centering performances can be guaranteed. The presented design method is capable of achieving the inter-story drift ratio targets and the expected roof drift ratios simultaneously, and the seismic resilience of the chosen SMRF was significantly improved by a large margin of reduction in residual inter-story drift and frame member damages.
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Siti Badriyah. "The Feminine Side of Senthong." IICACS : International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Arts Creation and Studies 3 (April 7, 2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/iicacs.v3i1.27.
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Senthong is a part of space in a traditional Javanese house which is divided into three rooms, namely senthong kiwa, senthong tengah, and senthong tengen. Senthong Tengen is used for men (family leaders), while Senthong Kiwa is for women (Garwa). Senthong Tengah is a room flanked and has a function to store rice seeds (farmers), as a place of meditation and to praise Dewi Sri so that this space is private and sacred. This makes Senthong have a room that is dark, cool and closed. Javanese women are synonymous with gentle, polite and have an essential role in taking care of the household. Women's strength in managing a single home is a form of support for their husbands to build an ideal household. Senthong and Javanese women are two things that have an important role related to the existence of traditional Javanese houses. Both occupy central positions as privacy centres based on the spatial system. This paper discusses the feminine side of senthong using a symbolic analogy approach as a form of conveying meaning. It is interesting to study. After all, it is a form of helping to preserve the local wisdom of Javanese house architecture, because it sees the development of the current culture that brings Javanese society's view of the vital role of women.
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Jiang, Wei, Meng Huai Peng, Yu Yan, Gongping Wu, An Zhang, Lianqing Yu, and Hong Jun Li. "Motion posture control for power cable maintenance robot in typical operation conditions." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2019-0015.
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Purpose In the extreme power environment of flexible transmission line, wind load, high voltage and strong electromagnetic interference, the motion performance of the robot manipulator is strongly affected by the extreme environment. Therefore, this study aims to improve the manipulator motion control performance of power cable maintenance robot and effectively reduce the influence of specific operation environment on the robot manipulator motion posture. Design/methodology/approach The mathematical model under three typical operation conditions, namely, flexible line, wind load and strong electromagnetic field have been established, correspondingly the mapping relationship between different environment parameters and robot operation conditions are also given. Based on the nonlinear approximation feature of neural network, a back propagation (BP) neural network is adopted to solve the posture control problems. The power cable line sag, robot tile angle caused by wind load and spatial field strength are the input signals of the BP network in the robot motion posture control method. Findings Through the training and learning of the BP network, the output control variables are used to compensate the actual robot operation posture. The simulation experiment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and compared with the conventional proportional integral differential (PID) control, the method has high real-time performance and sound stability. Finally, field operation experiments further validate the engineering feasibility of the control method, and at the same time, the proposed control method has the remarkable characteristics of sound universality, adaptability and easy expansion. Originality/value A multi-layer control architecture which is suitable for smart grid platform maintenance is proposed and a robot system platform for network operation and maintenance management is constructed. The human–machine–environment coordination and integration mode and intelligent power system management platform can be realized which greatly improves the intelligence of power system management. Mathematical models of the robot under three typical operation conditions of flexible wire wind load and strong electromagnetic field are established and the mapping relationship between different environmental parameters and the robot operation conditions is given. Through the non-linear approximation characteristics of BP network, the control variables of the robot joints can be obtained and the influence of extreme environment on the robot posture can be compensated. The simulation results of MATLAB show that the control algorithm can effectively restrain the influence of uncertain factors such as flexible environment, wind load and strong electromagnetic field on the robot posture. It satisfied the design requirements of fast response, high tracking accuracy and good stability of the control system. Field operation tests further verify the engineering practicability of the algorithm.
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Morris, Emily C., Marcus Griffiths, Agata Golebiowska, Stefan Mairhofer, Jasmine Burr-Hersey, Tatsuaki Goh, Daniel von Wangenheim, et al. "Shaping 3D Root System Architecture." Current Biology 27, no. 17 (September 2017): R919—R930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.043.
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Modesto, Karenina Arrais Guida, Pedro Ferreira Alves de Oliveira, Hellora Gonçalves Fonseca, Klaus Porto Azevedo, Vinicius Guzzoni, Martim Bottaro, Nicolas Babault, and Joao Luiz Quagliotti Durigan. "Russian and Low-Frequency Currents Induced Similar Neuromuscular Adaptations in Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0314.
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Context: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is widely used to induce muscular strength increase; however, no study has compared Russian current (RC) with pulsed current (PC) effects after a training program. Objectives: We studied the effects of different neuromuscular electrical stimulation currents, RC, and PC on the neuromuscular system after a 6-week training period. Design: Blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: A total of 27 male soccer players (age 22.2 [2.2] y, body mass 74.2 [10.0] kg, height 177 [0] cm, and body mass index 23.7 [2.9] kg/cm2 for the control group; 22.1 [3.1] y, 69.7 [5.7] kg, 174 [0] cm, and 23.0 [2.5] kg/cm for the PC group; and 23.0 [3.4] y, 72.1 [10.7] kg, 175 [0] cm, and 23.5 [3.4] kg/cm for the RC group) were randomized into 3 groups: (1) control group; (2) RC (2500 Hz, burst 100 Hz, and phase duration 200 μs); and (3) PC (100 Hz and 200 μs). Intervention: The experimental groups trained for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and evoked torque, muscle architecture, sensory discomfort (visual analog scale), and electromyographic activity were evaluated before and after the 6-week period. Results: Evoked torque increased in the RC (169.5% [78.2%], P < .01) and PC (248.7% [81.1%], P < .01) groups. Muscle thickness and pennation angle increased in the RC (8.7% [3.8%] and 16.7% [9.0%], P < .01) and PC (16.1% [8.0%] and 27.4% [11.0%], P < .01) groups. The PC demonstrated lower values for visual analog scale (38.8% [17.1%], P < .01). There was no significant time difference for maximal voluntary isometric contraction and root mean square values (P > .05). For all these variables, there was no difference between the RC and PC (P > .05). Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of RC in clinical practice, RC and PC training programs produced similar neuromuscular adaptations in soccer players. Nonetheless, as PC generated less perceived discomfort, it could be preferred after several training sessions.
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Kim, Min-Soo, Do-Hyun Kim, Hee-Je Kim, and Kandasamy Prabakar. "A Novel Strategy for Monitoring a PV Junction Box Based on LoRa in a 3 kW Residential PV System." Electronics 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050709.
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Recently, 3 kW residential PV (Photovoltaic) junction boxes have mainly been installed on the roof or outer wall of building. Wired and wireless monitoring systems are being implemented by RS-485 and WIFI/IoT. However, conventional monitoring systems have a communication limitation according to the distance and environment. It cannot receive any information when a failure of the PV junction box occurs. Therefore, there is a need for a strategy to determine whether the fuse and diode in the PV junction box are faulty through voltage and current sensors. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy for monitoring PV junction boxes, based on LoRa (Long Range). The TTGO LoRa32 V2.0 module with LoRa and various input and output ports is utilized. The wireless TX module transmits various data collected from the PV junction box to the RX module in real time. In addition, the RX module displays the received data on an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen so that the user can intuitively identify it, and the data is recorded on the internal storage device or database in the web server. The manufactured PV junction box monitoring system was tested under a 3 kW PV system. Additionally, communication reception has stable signal intensity overall, both indoors and outdoors. In particular, it shows excellent characteristics in maintaining RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) > −99 dBm and PER (Packet Error Rate) < 2.7%, up to a radius of 200 m, even in NLOS (Non Line-Of-Sight) environments. Although some packet loss occurred, it was confirmed that invisible communication was possible up to 300 m.
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Nguyen, Hoang-Sy, Thu Ngan Phan Thi, and Cong-Danh Huynh. "Deep learning application for real-time prediction of COVID-19 outbreak with susceptible-infected-recovered-deceased model." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp567-576.
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Due to the complex nature of a pandemic such as COVID-19, forecasting how it would behave is difficult, but it is indeed of utmost necessity. Furthermore, adapting predictive models to different data sets obtained from different countries and areas is necessary, as it can provide a wider view of the global pandemic situation and more information on how models can be improved. Therefore, we combine here the long-short-term memory (LSTM) model and the traditional susceptible-infected-recovered-deceased (SIRD) model for the COVID-19 prediction task in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In particular, LSTM shows its strength in processing and making accurate numerical predictions on a large set of historical input. Following the SIRD model, the whole population is divided into 4 states (S), (I), (R), and (D), and the changes from one state to another are governed by a parameter set. By assessing the numerical output and the corresponding parameter set, we could reveal more insights about the root causes of the changes. The predictive model updates every 10 days to produce an output that is closest to reality. In general, such a combination delivers transparent, accurate, and up-to-date predictions for human experts, which is important for research on COVID-19.
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Ribeiro, Tiago, Luís Bernardo, Ricardo Carrazedo, and Dario De Domenico. "Seismic Design of Bolted Connections in Steel Structures—A Critical Assessment of Practice and Research." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010032.
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The importance of connections in steel structures is paramount, not only because it greatly influences the cost of construction and provides room for innovations, but also due to the connections’ impact on global structural behaviour. Therefore, research into innovative connections for seismic applications and related design criteria has significantly grown in recent years. However, it has been pursued mostly on local—connection or frame—levels, leaving the system analysis and code compliance levels with a meagre investigation. Moreover, less than 1% of published papers concerning steel connections and earthquake engineering are review articles. To overcome this gap, this systematic review of more than 240 references, including scientific contributions and design codes in the field aimed to cover both recent research and current shortcomings in practice and regulations. It has been found that European design rules updated to a fully performance-based design philosophy is imminent and is deemed to bring pre-qualified joints and increased complexity. Design rules have been systematized, and current hindrances have been highlighted. A deeper look into research needs and trends showed that investigations in connections for concentrically X braced frames are still a necessity, while developments in self-centring and replaceable connections as well as in simple solutions for increasing damping are expected to modify how joints are designed, as soon as semi-rigid and partial strength connections are more easily allowed by design codes.
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Fitter, A. H., and T. R. Stickland. "Fractal Characterization of Root System Architecture." Functional Ecology 6, no. 6 (1992): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389956.
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Deak, Karen I., and Jocelyn Malamy. "Osmotic regulation of root system architecture." Plant Journal 43, no. 1 (May 16, 2005): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02425.x.
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SUN, Si-Min, Bei HAN, Lin CHEN, Wei-Nan SUN, Xian-Long ZHANG, and Xi-Yan YANG. "Root system architecture analysis and genome-wide association study of root system architecture related traits in cotton." Acta Agronomica Sinica 48, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14067.
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Saleem, Muhammad, Audrey D. Law, Mohammad Radhi Sahib, Zahida H. Pervaiz, and Qingming Zhang. "Impact of root system architecture on rhizosphere and root microbiome." Rhizosphere 6 (June 2018): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2018.02.003.
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Kong, Jian, and Peng Li. "Path Planning of a Multifunctional Elderly Intelligent Wheelchair Based on the Sensor and Fuzzy Bayesian Network Algorithm." Journal of Sensors 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8485644.
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An intelligent wheelchair is a kind of service robot. The most critical part of its research field is the safe navigation control of a wheelchair, and path planning is the core part of the navigation control system. The use of a reasonable obstacle avoidance algorithm can not only ensure the safe navigation of wheelchair but also protect the personal safety of users. This paper analyzes the actual needs of the wheelchair following system according to the application scenarios and determines the way to follow the target. The sensor scheme and the wheelchair mobile platform are selected through the analysis of the following methods and the characteristics of each sensor, and the overall architecture of the wheelchair hardware system is designed. Then, the key components such as processor, laser ranging radar, signal strength positioning module, and ultrasonic sensor in the hardware system are selected, and the corresponding peripheral circuit is designed according to the interface type and working voltage of the sensor. In order to solve the problems of the complex calculation process, one-way reasoning, and poor accuracy of the original fault tree method, this paper designs an expert knowledge inference machine based on the Bayesian network. After completing the definition of component vulnerability, the inference engine can be activated, the construction of the directed acyclic network is completed based on the knowledge model mapping of the fault tree, the conditional probability table definition of the directed edge is completed, and the bidirectional probability inference of the Bayesian network can be started. Diagnostic inference obtains the posterior probability to characterize the system impact degree of the bottom event failure. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the research status and research trend of intelligent wheelchair obstacle avoidance path planning methods, this paper mainly studies the intelligent wheelchair path planning method. The environment modeling and path planning of global path planning for static obstacles and dynamic obstacles are realized, and a simulation platform for wheelchair obstacle avoidance path planning based on MATLAB is designed, and simulation experiments are carried out on this basis. The effectiveness of the studied algorithms and strategies in the dynamic obstacle environment is verified by simulation experiments.
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Hasanzadehshooiili, Hadi, Ali Lakirouhani, and Jurgis Medzvieckas. "SUPERIORITY OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS OVER STATISTICAL METHODS IN PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMAL LENGTH OF ROCK BOLTS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 5 (September 28, 2012): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.724029.
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Rock bolting is one of the most important support systems used for rock structures. Rock bolts are widely used in underground excavations as they are suitable for a wide range of geological conditions and allow using progressive design methods; besides, they help economising in the use of materials and manpower. Thus, to provide the most effective support at minimum cost by means of rock bolting, it is essential to optimise the elements contributing to bolt design, including their length, as well as bolt density and tension during installation. This paper considers the length of bolts for optimisation of the design phase, which is one of the most important parameters impacting the entire design procedure. Presenting and comparing results of some statistical models, neural network modeling is introduced as powerful means in prediction of the optimal length of rock bolts. Subsequent to training and testing of a large number of 1-layer and 2-layer backpropagation neural networks, it was reported that the optimal model was the network with the architecture of 6-18-3-1 as it demonstrated the minimum RMSE and MAE as well as the maximum R2. In comparison to statistical models (0.7182 for the value of R2 in the multiple linear regression model, 0.68 in the polynomial model and 0.7 in the dimensionless model), the results obtained by the neural network modeling – i.e. the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9259, the value of mean absolute error MAE of 0.068, and the root mean squared error RMSE of 0.078 – not only proved their superiority but also introduced the neural network modelling as a highly capable prediction tool in forecasting the optimal length of rock bolts. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was used to obtain parameters that have the greatest and the least impact on the optimal bolt length: the effect of the overburden thickness, tensile strength, cohesion and Poisson's ratio on the optimal bolt length was almost the same while the friction angle had the least influence.
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Osmont, Karen S., Richard Sibout, and Christian S. Hardtke. "Hidden Branches: Developments in Root System Architecture." Annual Review of Plant Biology 58, no. 1 (June 2007): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.104006.
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Lavenus, Julien, Soazig Guyomarc’h, and Laurent Laplaze. "PIN Transcriptional Regulation Shapes Root System Architecture." Trends in Plant Science 21, no. 3 (March 2016): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.011.
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Hochholdinger, Frank. "Untapping root system architecture for crop improvement." Journal of Experimental Botany 67, no. 15 (August 2016): 4431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw262.
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Tao, Yong, Yufang Wen, He Gao, Tianmiao Wang, Jiahao Wan, and Jiangbo Lan. "A Path-Planning Method for Wall Surface Inspection Robot Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081192.
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A wall surface inspection robot mainly relies on the inertial measurement unit and global positioning system (GPS) signal during intelligent wall surface inspection. The robot may encounter incorrect positioning under a GPS-denied environment, easily triggering safety accidents. In order to obtain a path suitable for the safe work of the robot wall surface inspection robot in a GPS-denied environment, a global path-planning method for wall surface inspection robots was proposed based on the improved generic algorithm (GA). The influencing factor for GPS signal strength was introduced into the heuristic function in path planning for GA to address the aforementioned problem. Using the PSO algorithm, GA was initialized and the influencing term of GPS signal was introduced into the fitness degree function so as to achieve point-to-point path planning of vertical wall surface inspection robot. Path angle and probability of intersection and variation was taken into account for better path planning capability. Finally, the simulation experiments were performed. The generated path using the improved GA was found to avoid the blind area of the GPS signal. The algorithm proposed has a good performance with average convergence times of 35.9 times and an angle of 55.88° in simple environment. Contrary to the traditional GA and PSO algorithm, the method showed advantages in terms of the convergence rate, path quality, path angle change, and algorithm stability. The research presented in this article is meaningful and relatively sufficient. The simulation test is also quite convincing. The proposed method was proved to be effective in global path planning for a wall surface inspection robot.