Academic literature on the topic 'Root stocks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Root stocks"
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Kurppa, Sirpa. "Root parasitic nematodes in nursery plants imported to Finland in 1980." Agricultural and Food Science 57, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72197.
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Injurious nematodes were found in 201 of the investigated 670 plant stocks of 42 imported consignments. Infections by quarantine nematodes appeared in 100 stocks of 26 consignments, 15 there of including 3 or more infected plant stocks each. Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., appeared in 81 stocks, i.e. 12 % of the investigated material. The infections were found in 40 plant species, relatively often in barberry, Berberis sp., and in peony, Paeonia sp.. Among garden roses, 26 out of 167 stocks investigated were infected by root knot nematodes. Root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa, of P. convallariae Seinhorst was found in 28 plant stocks, i.e. 4 % of the investigated material. Several Pratylenchus-infected stocks were found among roses, raspberry and barberry. Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, was found in one rose stock and related D. myceliophagus J. B. Goodey in 12 stocks of various plants. Several ectoparasitic species were found in very low numbers. Virus vectors, Trichodorus primitivus (de Man) Micoletzky and T. viruliferus Hooper, were detected in a total of four stocks, but too few for virus transmission tests. The transmissability ofthe detected nematodes was discussed, and the risks of introduction of nematode pests to the country was re-assessed.
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Lima, Dayane de Souza, Laila Sirino de Araújo, Moacyr Cunha Filho, Francisco Sandro Rodrigues Holanda, Alceu Pedrotti, Victor Casimiro Piscoya, Thaiana Brunes Feitosa, et al. "Root biomass under different soil uses and native Cerrado in Tocantins, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): e53811125333. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25333.
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Studies on the importance of root biomass and the effects that changes in vegetation coverage cause on carbon amount and stock are scarce, especially in the cerrado biome. Taking into account the scarcity of information about root biomass estimates, this work aimed to quantify root biomass under different land uses and native cerrado in Tocantins, Brazil. The research was conducted in different land uses: agriculture, pasture, eucalyptus and control with native cerrado forest. Six trenches with dimensions of 70 x 70 cm were opened and root biomass was collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm. With the aid of a sieve, root biomass was collected and separated into fine and coarse roots. The amounts of fine and coarse root biomass showed the highest mean values of 7.7 and 12.9 g, respectively, in the eucalyptus area. Root biomass stocks were higher in the eucalyptus area, with maximum values above 3.68 Mg ha-1. Root biomass amounts and stocks were greater in eucalyptus areas, since forest areas, whether planted or native, manage to keep the environment in balance due to their long-term cycles, greater stability and low degree of disturbance.
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Shan, Fucheng, and Kevin Seaton. "Semi-sterilized Tissue Culture for Rapid Propagation of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) Using Immature Cuttings." HortScience 49, no. 7 (July 2014): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.7.949.
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Rapid expansion of grapevine plantings in many parts of the world has led to increased demand for desirable planting stocks. In countries that rely on importing new varieties and have strict quarantine rules, such as Australia, vines need to stay under quarantine for ≈2 years before they are released, at which time there is very limited wood available. Hence, rapid expansion of propagating stock after release is the key to multiplying up new varieties. A novel method, referred to as Semi-sterilized Tissue Culture (SSTC) using immature single-node cuttings, was established and evaluated as a way of rapid expansion of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) planting stock. In the SSTC method, immature single-node cuttings were surface-sterilized using methylated spirits and then cultured in the root pulsing medium [1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 40 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] for 24 hours. They were then planted in sterilized aerobic rooting medium (sphagnum peat:coarse river sand:perlite = 0.5:1:2) and cultured in a tissue culture room for ≈4 weeks for root initiation and development. The rooted immature single-node cuttings were then transferred to normal propagation beds in a greenhouse and potted on for acclimatization. Tube stock generated by SSTC easily acclimatized with a 15 times higher root strike rate than cutting propagation. It also took at least 50% less time than fully sterilized micropropagation methods to produce planting stocks. The advantages of the SSTC method are that it can be conducted under semisterilized conditions, avoiding degeneration and bacterial contamination problems encountered in micropropagation methods. By removing the time-consuming steps of the explant establishment, proliferation, and maintenance in vitro, the propagation process was simplified compared with conventional sterile tissue culture procedures. The SSTC procedure removed the need for high operator skill levels, reducing expense and allowing easier commercial adoption.
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Zielonka, Anna, Marek Drewnik, Łukasz Musielok, Marcin K. Dyderski, Dariusz Struzik, Grzegorz Smułek, and Katarzyna Ostapowicz. "Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Soil Organic Matter Stock and Fine Root Biomass in Mountain Area Temperate Forests—Examples from Cambisols under European Beech, Norway Spruce and Silver Fir (Carpathians, Central Europe)." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070823.
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Forest ecosystems significantly contribute to the global organic carbon (OC) pool, exhibiting high spatial heterogeneity in this respect. Some of the components of the OC pool in a forest (woody aboveground biomass (wAGB), coarse root biomass (CRB)) can be relatively easily estimated using readily available data from land observation and forest inventories, while some of the components of the OC pool are very difficult to determine (fine root biomass (FRB) and soil organic matter (SOM) stock). The main objectives of our study were to: (1) estimate the SOM stock; (2) estimate FRB; and (3) assess the relationship between both biotic (wAGB, forest age, foliage, stand density) and abiotic factors (climatic conditions, relief, soil properties) and SOM stocks and FRB in temperate forests in the Western Carpathians consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir (32 forest inventory plots in total). We uncovered the highest wAGB in beech forests and highest SOM stocks under beech forest. FRB was the highest under fir forest. We noted a considerable impact of stand density on SOM stocks, particularly in beech and spruce forests. FRB content was mostly impacted by stand density only in beech forests without any discernible effects on other forest characteristics. We discovered significant impacts of relief-dependent factors and SOM stocks at all the studied sites. Our biomass and carbon models informed by more detailed environmental data led to reduce the uncertainty in over- and underestimation in Cambisols under beech, spruce, and fir forests for mountain temperate forest carbon pools.
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Jonas, KOALA, KAGAMBEGA O. Raymond, and SANOU Lassina. "Distribution des stocks de carbone du sol et de la biomasse racinaire dans un parc agroforestier à Prosopis africana (Guill., et Rich.) Taub au Burkina Faso, Afrique de l’Ouest." Journal of Applied Biosciences 160 (April 30, 2021): 16482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.160.5.
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Objectif : Cette présente étude visait à déterminer la distribution verticale des stocks de carbone organique du sol et de la biomasse racinaire dans un parc agroforestière à Prosopis africana (Guill., et Rich.) Taub au Burkina Faso. Méthodologie et Résultats : L’étude a été menée à Saria sur un dispositif factoriel avec 3 répétitions. L’échantillonnage des racines et du sol a été fait par l’extraction de monolithes sur 5 couches à une profondeur de 150 cm. Les résultats montrent que la profondeur a influencé les stocks de carbone. La couche 0-50 cm renferme 91% du stock total de carbone de la biomasse racinaire. Les stocks de Carbone Organique du Sol (COS) le plus élevé a été enregistré dans la couche 80-120 cm (26,59±7,94 tC ha-1), contre 8,74±6,05 tC ha-1 dans la couche 0-20 cm. Conclusion et implication des résultats : Les résultats montrent que les parcs agroforestiers étudiés ont un fort potentiel de séquestration de carbone. Cependant, les éventuels projets de carbone dans les parcs agroforestiers devront se focaliser sur la biomasse végétale aérienne et souterraine car le carbone organique du sol parait ne pas être influencé par les différents aménagements. Aussi pour une bonne gestion de ces stocks de carbone, des études complémentaires doivent être menées en vue de comprendre le cycle de de renouvellement des racines fines des parcs agroforestiers afin de de mesurer les flux de carbone organique du sol dans les parcs agroforestiers. Mots clés : Carbone organique du sol; Parc agroforestier, Prosopis africana, séquestration de carbone ; Biomasse racinaire 16482 Koala et al., J. Appl. Biosci. Vol.160 :2021 Distribution des stocks de carbone du sol et de la biomasse racinaire dans un parc agroforestier à Prosopis africana (Guill., et Rich.) Taub au Burkina Faso, Afrique de l’Ouest Distribution of carbon stocks from soil and root biomass in Prosopis africana (Guill., And Rich.) Taub agroforestry parkland in Burkina Faso, West Africa. ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to determine soil organic carbon stocks and root biomass carbon vertical distribution in an agroforestry parkland of Prosopis africana (Guill., And Rich.) Taub in Burkina Faso. Methodology and Results: The study was carried out in Saria on factorial design with 3 replicates. Root and soil sampling was done by extracting monoliths in 5-layer up to 150 cm depth. Results show that depth influenced carbon stocks. 0-50 cm layer contains 91% of root biomass total carbon stock. Highest soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stocks were recorded in 80-120 cm layer (26.59 ± 7.94 tC ha-1), compared to 8.74 ± 6.05 tC ha-1 in 0-20 cm layer. Conclusions and application of findings: Our results show that agroforestry parklands have a high carbon sequestration potential. However, any carbon projects in agroforestry parklands have to focus on trees above-ground and below-ground biomass because soil organic carbon does not influenced by management. Also for good management of these carbon stocks, additional studies must be carried out in order to understand the renewal cycle of fine roots in agroforestry parks in order to measure organic carbon flow from soil in agroforestry parklands. Keywords: Soil organic carbon; Agroforestry parklands, Prosopis africana, carbon sequestration; Root biomass INTRODUCTION L’agroforesterie est un système d’utilisation des terres traditionnel qui est toujours utilisé de nos jours par les populations (Santoro et al., 2020). Elle est considérée comme un système durable car contribuant à lutter contre la dégradation des terres. Sa contribution à l’amélioration à la productivité de l’agriculture est bien reconnue de nos jours (Montagnini and Nair, 2004). L’amélioration de la productivité est due à l’augmentation de la matière organique et au recyclage des éléments
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He, Jie, Quanhou Dai, Fengwei Xu, Xudong Peng, and Youjin Yan. "Variability in Carbon Stocks across a Chronosequence of Masson Pine Plantations and the Trade-Off between Plant and Soil Systems." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101342.
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Plantations sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide and positively respond to climate change, but the carbon (C) sequestration capacity and the trade-off between plant and soil systems in plantations may vary significantly across a chronosequence. Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) plantations were selected to investigate the variability of C stocks in 7-, 14-, and 30-year-old stands. The total ecosystem C stock increased with stand age from 14.82 to 19.21 Mg C. Carbon stocks increased with stand age in the plant system but decreased in the soil system, with the ratio of plant-to-soil C stocks increasing from 0.06 in the 7-year-old plantation to 0.70 in the 30-year-old plantation. Carbon stocks in the first 20 cm of the soil accounted for 44.60%, 43.01%, and 30.18% of the total ecosystem carbon stock in 7-, 14-, and 30-year-old plantations, respectively. The variation trends for the proportions of C stock in soil decreased with soil depth as a result of tree and root growth regardless of stand age. Most C was stored in the stems, which contributed 1.36%, 6.85%, and 29.57% of total ecosystem C stock across the chronosequence. Results of structural equation model indicated that the effect of plant system C stock on ecosystem C stock was far larger than soil system C stock, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) and fractal dimension (D) could be the primary parameters affecting ecosystem C stocks according to redundancy analysis (Variance explained by the variables selected). In summary, the plant system increased biomass C stocks by regulating soil properties to meet their growth requirements, the growth of plants in turn changed the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, then both regulated ecosystem carbon sequestration in Masson pine plantations.
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Birhane, Emiru, Kbrom Fissiha Gebretsadik, Gebeyehu Taye, Ermias Aynekulu, Meley Mekonen Rannestad, and Lindsey Norgrove. "Effects of Forest Composition and Disturbance on Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Spore Density, Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Root Colonization and Soil Carbon Stocks in a Dry Afromontane Forest in Northern Ethiopia." Diversity 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040133.
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We investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density and root colonization in three distinct dry Afromontane forest plant communities, representing differing levels of disturbance and soil properties. Soil and root samples were collected from sixty-five 50 × 50-m plots from four plant communities. We collected data for AMF spore density, AMF root colonization and soil organic carbon stocks in 0–25 and 25–50 cm soil depth ranges. AMF spore density, and root colonization differed significantly among plant communities. The least disturbed Juniperus procera–Maytenus senegalensis (Jupr-Mase) plant community, which contained high tree and shrub density, had the highest AMF spore density, root colonization and soil carbon stocks. The most disturbed Cadia purpurea–Opuntia ficus-indica (Capu-Opfi) community which contained the lowest tree and shrub density supported the lowest AMF spore density, root colonization and soil carbon stocks. There was no significant difference in spore density between the two soil depths, but AMF root colonization was significantly higher in the upper soil than in the subsoil (p < 0.001). The difference in soil properties was not uniform between plant communities. Conserving remnant dry Afromontane forests and restoring the degraded forests are critical to improve and maintain forest ecosystem functioning and sustain ecosystem services.
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Lee, Sunjeoung, Seunghyun Lee, Joonghoon Shin, Jongsu Yim, and Jinteak Kang. "Assessing the Carbon Storage of Soil and Litter from National Forest Inventory Data in South Korea." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121318.
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Research Highlights: The estimation of soil and litter carbon stocks by the Land Use, Land-Use Changes, and Forestry (LULUCF) sectors has the potential to improve reports on national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. Background and Objectives: Forests are carbon sinks in the LULUCF sectors and therefore can be a comparatively cost-effective means and method of GHG mitigation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to assess soil at 0–30 cm and litter carbon stocks using the National Forest Inventory (NFI) data and random forest (RF) models, mapping their carbon stocks. The three main types of forest in South Kora were studied, namely, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed. Results: The litter carbon stocks (t C ha−1) were 4.63 ± 0.18 for coniferous, 3.98 ± 0.15 for mixed, and 3.28 ± 0.13 for deciduous. The soil carbon stocks (t C ha−1) were 44.11 ± 1.54 for deciduous, 35.75 ± 1.60 for mixed, and 33.96 ± 1.62 for coniferous. Coniferous forests had higher litter carbon stocks while deciduous forests contained higher soil carbon stocks. The carbon storage in the soil and litter layer increased as the forest grew older; however, a significant difference was found in several age classes. For mapping the soil and litter carbon stocks, we used four random forest models, namely RF1 to RF4, and the best performing model was RF2 (root mean square error (RMSE) (t C ha−1) = 1.67 in soil carbon stocks, 1.49 in soil and litter carbon stocks). Our study indicated that elevation, accessibility class, slope, diameter at breast height, height, and growing stock are important predictors of carbon stock. Soil and litter carbon stock maps were produced using the RF2 models. Almost all prediction values were appropriated to soil and litter carbon stocks. Conclusions: Estimating and mapping the carbon stocks in the soil and litter layer using the NFI data and random forest models could be used in future national GHG inventory reports. Additionally, the data and models can estimate all carbon pools to achieve an accurate and complete national GHG inventory report.
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Peumans, Willy J., Anthony K. Allen, Makuta Nsimba-Lubaki, and Maarten J. Chrispeels. "Related glycoprotein lectins from root stocks of wild cucumbers." Phytochemistry 26, no. 4 (January 1987): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82315-8.
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Shareef, S. "Ex-Situ Conservation and Multiplication of Garcinia Wightii T. And - A Rare, Endemic Species of the Southern Western Ghats." Indian Journal of Forestry 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2012-18wx91.
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As part of ex-situ consevation of Garcinia wightii, softwood grafting by cleft method was carried out using root stocks Garcinia gummi-gutta and G. hombroniana.The intra specific grafting carried out is found very successful in G. hombroniana and resulted 93% success, while G. gummi-gutta showed complete failure. All the saplings raised survived well in the field of Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI), Trivandrum. So, in G. wightii grafting, this method using the root stock of G. hombroniana can be adopted as an easy technique for its multiplication.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Root stocks"
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Buzzelli, Christopher P. "Sediment Inorganic Nitrogen Stocks and Root-Rhizome Ammonium Uptake by Eelgrass (Zostera marina L) in the Lower Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617628.
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Basoglu, Fatma. "Testing For Rational Bubbles In The Turkish Stock Market." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614505/index.pdf.
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In this thesis we empirically examine whether the Turkish stock market is driven by rational bubbles over the period between March 1990 and February 2012. The bubble periods are estimated using a recently developed right-tailed unit root test, the generalized sup augmented Dickey-Fuller test of Phillips, Shi and Yu (2011a). Applying their bubble detection and location strategies to weekly price dividend ratio series, we find strong evidence for the existence of rational bubbles in the Turkish stock market benchmark indices as well as sector indices. Our located bubble periods may give early warning signals of the subsequent Turkish financial crisis.
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Williams, Mark H. "Analysis of risk factors in the design and construction of perishable food product displays contributing to back injuries for Company X." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998williamsma.pdf.
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Li, Haixiao. "Impact à long terme du travail du sol sur le cycle biogéochimique du phosphore : analyse de l'essai L'Acadie (Québec, Canada) et modélisation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0223/document.
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La pratique du «sans labour» (NT) se développe dans le cadre de l’agriculture de conservation des sols. Cette pratique modifie nombre de propriétés du sol comme, par exemple, la répartition du phosphore (P) dans le profil du sol. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les impacts après plusieurs décennies du NT sur le cycle biogéochimique du P et d’intégrer ces effets dans un modèle de fonctionnement. Nous avons utilisé un essai au champ de longue durée sous maïs-soja (L’Acadie, Québec, Canada) implanté sur un sol argilo-limoneux. Le dispositif était un split-plot à 4 blocs avec mouldboard plough (MP) et sans labour (NT), subdivisés par 3 doses de fertilisation en P minéral [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha-1] apportées sur le maïs et localisées à 5 cm de profondeur et à 5 cm du rang de maïs.La concentration des ions phosphates du sol (Cp) test était relativement uniforme dans la couche labourée (0-20 cm) (0.08 mg P L-1), puis baissait légèrement dans 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L-1) et davantage au-delà (0.01 mg P L-1). Sous les traitements [NT, 0.5P] et [NT, 1P] traitements, le Cp était plus élevé dans la couche 0-10 cm (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L-1) que dans la couche labourée mais baissait rapidement avec la profondeur. Cette stratification verticale sous NT était également observée pour les teneurs en P-Olsen, P-M3 et autres nutriments comme C, N et K. Après 23 et 24 années d’essai, il y avait tendanciellement moins de racines du maïs sous NT (-14%) que sous MP, probablement à cause de la présence plus importante d’adventices sous NT. Pour le soja, il y avait beaucoup plus de racines dans la couche 0-10 cm sous NT (44% de longueur total) que sous MP (21%) et inversement dans la couche 10-20 cm. Ces différences de distribution des racines sous NT et MP correspondent à la stratification de N, P, et K.Cet ensemble de données sur la distribution des racines et du phosphore a été utilisé pour i) évaluer un modèle 1D décrivant la dynamique du P sur plusieurs décennies dans la couche labourée du sol, ii) proposer un mode d’estimation de la distribution du prélèvement dans le profil de sol, et iii) développer un modèle spatialisé 2D décrivant la dynamique du P pour le traitement sans labour. Ce modèle permet de simuler l’évolution de la disponibilité en P du sol sur le long terme quels que soient les modes de préparation du sol et le régime de fertilisation P. Même si le modèle surestime parfois la disponibilité en P à proximité de la zone fertilisée, il permet de prédire la stratification du P du sol en NT et ses conséquences sur le prélèvement de P en relation avec les propriétés du sol et le développement du système racinaire. Il pourra contribuer à améliorer le raisonnement de la fertilisation phosphatée dans le contexte du sans-labourThe no-till (NT) is gaining great attention for soil preparation. This practice modifies number of soil properties such as the distribution of phosphorus (P) in the soil profile. This work aims to analyze the impacts on the biogeochemical P cycle after decades of NT and incorporate those effects in an operational model. We used a long-term field experiment under corn-soybean rotation established on a clay loam soil (L’Acadie, Quebec, Canada). The design was a split-plot plan with 4 blocks under moldboard plough (MP) and NT, subdivided by 3 doses of P [0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P), 35 (1P) kg P ha-1] applied in corn phase and localized to 5-cm deep and 5-cm from the corn row.The phosphate ion concentration in MP was relatively constant (0.08 mg P L-1) in the tilled layer (0-20 cm), slightly lower in 20-30 cm (0.05 mg P L-1) and much lower below (0.01 mg P L-1). In [NT, 0.5P] and [NT, 1P] plots, Cp was higher (0.28 et 0.19 mg P L-1) in the 0-10 cm layer compared to the tilled layer in MP, but decreased sharply with depth. This vertical stratification in NT was also observed for P-Olsen, P-M3 and other nutrients as C, N, and K. After 23- and 24-year of experimentation, maize roots tended to be fewer (-14%) under NT than MP, probably because of increased weed infestation under NT. For soybean, more roots accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer under NT (44% of total length) than MP (21%) and vice versa for the 10-20 cm layer. Those differences in root distribution under NT and MP corresponded to the stratification of N, P, and K.This set of data on the distribution of roots and phosphorus was used i) to develop a 1D model describing P dynamics over several decades in MP, ii) to test a method to assess the spatial P uptake distribution according local root length density and soil P availability, and iii) to develop a spatial 2D model describing P dynamic in NT. This model simulates the soil P availability dynamic on long term according soil properties and crop root distribution within soil profile for different soil preparation regime and different P fertilization rate. Although the model overestimates the P availability near the localized P fertilizer, it is able to predict the soil P stratification in NT treatment and its consequences on crop P uptake. This new model will be a useful tool to improve P fertilization management in context of no-till practices
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Nigam, Alankrita. "Product promotion effectiveness : root causes of stock-outs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107513.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2016."June 2016." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-57).
The unpredictable demand pattern during promotions leads to lost sales incurred due to frequent stock-outs, affecting the revenue and the brand of both the manufacturer and the retailer. The research focuses on finding out the root-causes of stock-outs in retail stores. It uses the audit response data that informs us of various states for zero on-shelf availability. These responses are used to create a fault-tree diagram that shows how different states could be reached. The root-causes mentioned in the fault-tree diagram are classified as either qualitative or quantitative root-causes. The credibility of quantitative root causes was established through regression analysis while store visits and interviews of different players of the supply chain helped to reason out the qualitative root-causes. Quantitative factors such as replenishment frequency, store sales volume and forecast accuracy seem to indicate a good correlation with stock-outs during promotions.
by Alankrita Nigam.
M. Eng. in Logistics
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Angerer, Alfred. "The impact of automatic store replenishment on retail technologies and concepts for the out-of-stocks problem /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134526.
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Mikhailitchenko, Serguei, and na. "The Australian Housing Market: Price Dynamics and Capital Stock Growth." Griffith University. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, 2008. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100729.074134.
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This study was motivated by the desire to contribute to the understanding of the movement of house prices and the role of the so-called economic fundamentals in the housing market, especially within an Australian context. The core objective of this thesis is to aid understanding of the economic and other mechanisms by which the Australian housing market operates. We do this by constructing an analytical framework, or model, that encompasses the most important characteristics of the housing market. This thesis examines two important aspects of the Australian housing market: movements of house prices and changes in the net capital stock of dwellings in Australia. Movements of house prices are modelled from two perspectives: firstly, using the fundamental approach, which explains the phenomena by changes in such fundamental explanatory variables as income, interest rates, population and prices of building materials, and secondly, by analysing spatial interdependence of house prices in Australian capital cities. Changes in stock of dwellings were also modelled on the basis of a fundamental approach by states and for Australia as a whole...
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Sun, Xuewen M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Bangqi Yin. "A root cause analysis of stock-outs in the pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92120.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
PharCo (an assumed name) is a leading global healthcare company with well-recognized brands of both pharmaceutical and consumer healthcare products. As PharCo continues to expand its global presence, product stock-outs in their pharmaceutical business unit have been consistently increasing. PharCo suspected that manufacturing quality defects were a major cause of stock-outs, reducing the production yield and preventing the company from meeting customer demand. To help test this hypothesis and address the stock-out challenge, we reviewed existing research on the subject of product stock-outs within the pharmaceutical industry. To understand PharCo's manufacturing process, we conducted on-site visits and reviewed their quality control practices. Finally, we designed a mixed methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze the root causes of product stock-outs at PharCo. The analysis revealed that, instead of manufacturing quality defects, regulatory issues were the primary cause for stock-outs at PharCo. Regulatory challenges associated with developments such as new product launches, license renewals, and formulation modifications need to be addressed for PharCo to reduce their stock-out level.
by Xuewen Sun and Bangqi Yin.
M. Eng. in Logistics
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Murgulov, Zoltan, and n/a. "New Economy Initial and Seasoned Equity Offers in Australia." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070717.160534.
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Public media and previous research have focused mainly on listing day returns of initial public offers (IPOs) by new economy companies in specific periods such as before April 2000, without examining any subsequent equity offers by new economy companies. This study addresses the issue of multiple equity offers and provides additional understanding of new economy initial and seasoned equity offers (SEOs). Without, a priori, favouring any existing explanation of initial and long-term share returns, this research tests a wide range of theories in order to provide insight into share returns of equity offerings by new economy companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange between 1994 and 2004. In general, this thesis documents the ability of publicly available information (obtained from offer documents and company announcements to the market) to explain the returns of equity-issuing new economy companies in Australia. In other words, how useful is public information in the valuation of initial and seasoned equity offers of new economy stocks? Specifically, the thesis seeks to examine the ability of public information to explain (a) listing day and long-term returns subsequent to initial public offers by new economy companies, and the probability of IPO withdrawal, (b) announcement period and long-term returns of seasoned equity offers by new economy companies, and (c) the relationships between the initial and any subsequent equity offers by new economy companies (within three years of listing) in terms of probability of seasoned equity offer, duration between the IPO and the first SEO, and frequency of seasoned equity offers within the first three years of IPO. First, the thesis finds that public information is used by investors to value new economy stocks on listing day and in the long run. The negative effect of withdrawal probability on listing day returns of successful IPOs is confirmed in this thesis in the context of the fixed-price offer process in the new economy sector in Australia. While new economy equity-issuing companies have inferior long-term returns compared to the market index and the small capitalisation stock index, they do not underperform relative to their respective industry index returns. Second, this study also finds that public information can explain new economy stock returns around the announcements of seasoned offers and in the long run. Third, the results reveal that publicly available information can be used to explain the incidence and to estimate the probability of seasoned equity offers by recent new economy IPOs. Furthermore, it is found that public information has the ability to explain the duration between the IPO and the first seasoned offer, as well as the frequency of seasoned offers in the first three years after listing. The results of the study support the theoretical predictions about the effects of public information (representing IPO characteristics) and the incidence of a seasoned equity offer. In particular, IPO quality signalling by retained ownership and by underpricing, and the market feedback effect of post-IPO returns have been confirmed for new economy equity offers in Australia. Underpriced new economy IPOs and those with greater proportion of ownership retained after the offer are significantly more likely to have a seasoned equity offer within three years of listing. Likewise, new economy IPOs with superior aftermarket returns are significantly more likely to have a seasoned equity offer. The implication of this research is that public information contained in offer documents and in company announcements is important to valuation of the Australian Stock Exchange listed new economy companies. Thus, the regulators and the Stock Exchange should continue to insist on a high level of information disclosure prior to equity offers in order to enable investors to properly value companies within the new economy sector.
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Hooi, George Wye Keong, and n/a. "An Empirical Investigation Between Culture, Investor Protection, International Banking Disclosures and Stock Returns." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071121.133040.
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There is a renewed interest in further exploring the significance of culture to the accounting disclosure model in view of a highly competitive global business environment. To date, there is no empirical research to investigate this issue with respect to a specific industry, namely banking. There are three main reasons for focusing only on the banking industry (Hooi 2004). First, it is considered to be the most important industry for the countrys economic and financial stability. Moreover, the IASB has recognised its significance by issuing unique accounting standards i.e. IAS30, IAS32 and IAS39. Second, Saidenberg and Schuermann (2003) argue that with the scope and complexity of Basel II, it provides opportunities for researching issues through Pillar 3. Third, with national banking systems being non-homogenous, it is important to investigate the effects of national culture because prior research has argued that cultural differences have partly explained international differences in disclosure framework of accounting systems. The purpose of this study is to apply and extend Grays (1988) theoretical framework of national culture with respect to four research questions. First, to contribute to Grays (1988) theory of cultural influence on international banking disclosures. Second, to investigate the possible significance of investor protection to the banking disclosure model. Third, to explore Grays (1988) theory on the relationship of national culture to capital market research using banking returns. Fourth, to investigate the value relevance of investor protection and banking disclosures to the returns model. Seventeen developed and developing countries with a representative sample of 37 listed domestic commercial banks were examined in 2004. For the disclosure model, the study finds that national culture is a significant factor in the banking industry. Individualism has been found as the primary cultural dimension for banking disclosures. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model significantly improves with the legal dimensions of common law and anti-director rights. The positive association between common law and banking disclosures is consistent with La Porta et al. (1998) which argue that common law countries with stronger investor protection are more transparent than civil law countries. However, there is a negative association between investor protection variable of anti-director rights with banking disclosures. This may suggest that investor protection does not encourage minority investors to enter the stock market specifically in the global banking industry. This situation may lead to a lack of demand for transparency through a smaller dispersion of ownership across the domestic banks. For the returns model, the study finds that national culture is value relevant in the banking industry. Collectivism and power distance have been found to be the two primary cultural dimensions for banking returns. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model significantly improves with anti-director rights and banking disclosures. These results are (1) consistent with La Porta et al. (2002) which argue that investor protection increases firm valuation with respect to Tobins Q and (2) international investors tend to support the Basel Committees commitment in providing a more transparent framework by implementing Pillar 3 in the near future, starting with the Basel member countries. Finally, an interesting finding from the study is that firm size has a negative association with banking returns.
Books on the topic "Root stocks"
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Jessop, David. Storage and supply of materials. 5th ed. (London): ELBS with Pitman, 1991.
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Storekeeper-stock handler. 4th ed. New York, N.Y: Prentice Hall Press, 1987.
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White, Jenifer J. Nursery stock root systems and tree establishment: A literature review. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, 1990.
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Mohanty, Prabir Kumar. Does seasonal pattern in Indian stock returns contain a unit root? Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2000.
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Elder, Alexander. Come Into My Trading Room. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002.
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Locantro, Tony J. The green room: A guide to speculating on the Australian Stock Market. Victoria Park, W.A: Uncharted Waters, 2001.
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Vinci, John. The Trading Room: Louis Sullivan and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 1989.
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Manzini, Riccardo. Warehousing in the global supply chain: Advanced models, tools and applications for storage systems. London: Springer, 2012.
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Come into my trading room: A complete guide to trading. New York: Wiley, 2002.
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Ford, Randall Dana. Root growth potential assessment of twelve black spruce and jack pine seedling and clonal stock-lots. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Root stocks"
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González-Sánchez, Emilio J., Manuel Moreno-Garcia, Amir Kassam, Saidi Mkomwa, Julio Roman-Vazquez, Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez, Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez, et al. "Climate smart agriculture for Africa: the potential role of conservation agriculture in climate smart agriculture." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 66–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0003.
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Abstract To achieve the challenges raised in Agenda 2063 and the Malabo Declaration, new agricultural techniques need to be promoted. Practical approaches to implement climate smart agriculture and sustainable agriculture, able to deliver at field level, are required. These include sustainable soil and land management that allows different user groups to manage their resources, including water, crops, livestock and associated biodiversity, in ways that are best suited to the prevailing biophysical, socio-economic and climatic conditions. The adoption of locally adapted sustainable soil management practices is needed to support climate change mitigation and adaptation from the agricultural perspective. In this sense, Conservation Agriculture (CA) can be adapted to local conditions, and help achieve the key objectives. The application of CA principles brings multiple benefits, especially in terms of soil conservation, but also for mitigating climate change. In fact, CA has the ability to transform agricultural soils from being carbon emitters into carbon sinks, because of no-tillage (NT) techniques and the return to the soil of diverse crop biomass from above-ground parts of plants and from diverse roots systems and root exudates. Similarly, fossil energy use decreases due to the reduction in agricultural operations, and so less CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere. Lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CA also result, because of reduced and more efficient use of inputs. Scientific studies confirm the sequestration potential of increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks on croplands in Africa on each of the continent's major bioclimatic areas. Coefficients of SOC sequestration for Africa are presented in this chapter.
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Berci, George, and Frederick L. Greene. "Cholangiography in the Operating Room." In No Stones Left Unturned, 85–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76845-4_14.
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Girardin, Eric, and Zhenya Liu. "What Does History Tell Us? The Roots of China’s Modern Stock Market." In Demystifying China’s Stock Market, 11–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17123-0_2.
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Tran, Thierry, Adebayo Abass, Luis Alejandro Taborda Andrade, Arnaud Chapuis, Marcelo Precoppe, Laurent Adinsi, Alexandre Bouniol, et al. "Cost-Effective Cassava Processing: Case Study of Small-Scale Flash-Dryer Reengineering." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 105–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_4.
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AbstractThe development and scaling out of flash-dryer innovations for more efficient, small-scale production of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) and starch is described. The diagnoses of cassava-processing SMEs (small and medium enterprises) revealed their energy expenditures for drying were considerably higher than those of large-scale industrial companies, which was mostly due to suboptimal design of flash-drying systems. As a result, small-scale production of cassava starch and HQCF often incurs high production costs, incompatible with market prices of final products. Taking stock of this situation, RTB scientists have developed several innovations to optimize energy efficiency and costs, including a longer drying pipe, reengineered heat exchanger, larger blower for higher air velocity, and a higher product/air ratio. This was based on numerical modelling to determine the key design features of energy-efficient flash dryers, followed by construction and demonstration of a pilot-scale prototype. As a result, improved small-scale flash dryers are now being scaled out to the private sector in various countries, using the Scaling Readiness framework and achieving 10–15% gains in productivity and incomes. A method for diagnosis of process efficiency is also described, to identify technical bottlenecks and to document and measure the outcomes and impacts during the implementation of scaling-out projects.
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Hudson†, John A., and John W. Cosgrove. "Stone buildings—pillars, lighthouses, walls, arches, bridges, buttresses, roof vaults, castles, cathedrals and lettering." In Understanding Building Stones and Stone Buildings, 161–246. First edition. | Leiden, The Netherlands : CRC Press/Balkema, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315100180-5.
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Schaller, K., and O. Löhnertz. "Investigations on the nutrient uptake efficiency of different grape root-stock species and cultivars." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 85–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2053-8_13.
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Verrecchia, Eric P., and Luca Trombino. "Basic Components." In A Visual Atlas for Soil Micromorphologists, 43–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7_3.
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AbstractMineral and organic constituents belong to the basic components observed in soil thin sections. They can appear, for instance, as large rock fragments, or single minerals as sand grains; they can constitute large areas of micromass formed by clay minerals or display parts of plant roots or leaf fragments, i.e. organic material. These constituents comprise the body of the soil itself, and in soil micromorphology, they belong to the groundmass, as well as the material constituting the pedofeatures (see “10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7_1#Sec9”). Two types of basic components are recognized by Stoops (2003, 2021), those recognizable at the magnifications of the optical microscope and those which are not. Stoops (2003, 2021) pointed out the problem of the optical microscope resolution and the thickness of conventional thin sections. Indeed, it is preferable not to have a standard size limit between coarse and fine materials.
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Jiménez-Pulido, Cristina, Ana Jiménez-Rivero, and Justo García-Navarro. "Strategies to Promote Deep Renovation in Existing Buildings." In Future City, 377–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_21.
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AbstractExisting buildings play a central role in achieving EU climate and energy targets. Consequently, the building sector faces the complex challenge of finding effective solutions to manage both the conservation and renovation of this stock. Given that building energy renovation has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve EU targets, the European Commission has developed frameworks and regulatory instruments to foster a deep renovation approach. However, progress in achieving the necessary transformation has been slow. The objective of this chapter is to identify strategies and actions that can accelerate the sustainable transformation of the building stock. We focus on the first renovation stage in which it is critical for accurate data to be collected and processed on the state of buildings to improve decision-making processes. By overviewing current policies and instruments, and new technologies and tools applicable to existing buildings, we explore open challenges and room for improvement to fulfil their potential. In this study, we have identified upgraded instruments and tools and new benchmarks, resulting in innovative strategies and actions as drivers for a sustainable transformation. From this perspective, we introduce how more ambitious approaches can lead stakeholders to develop strategies and apply actions towards a regenerative built environment.
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von Wahl, Wolf. "On necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the equations rot μ=γ and div μ=ε with μ vanishing on the boundary." In The Navier-Stokes Equations Theory and Numerical Methods, 152–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0086065.
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Luarasi, Skender. "Making the Donkey Drink Water, or the "Problem" of Stopping in the Digital Age." In Architekturen, 173–87. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461112-010.
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The fundamental problem of artificial intelligence has always been how the robot stops; not how to make the robot walk, say »Hello!« or »Good Morning!«; do things so complicated as to make us mumble in awe: »Wow!«, but rather how not to act, how not to say »Hello!« at the right, or rather wrong moment. What is this moment? How can it be found? This paper asks such questions in the context of design and architecture: How does architecture stop? How do we close a design process, or choose among different design variations? Such concern for stopping has persisted in history, even if it has been eclipsed by what could be called, perhaps redundantly, the ideology of self-generation. Architects are always busy discoursing about generation, how architecture should come about, by itself, NOW!, in an eternal present. Upon close inspection, however, we find that the desire for stopping has been there all along, creeping from between the building blocks of architecture, undermining the absolutism of self-generation. From the projectiles of Vitruvius foundering in mud to the 'hermaphrodite' forms of Ronchamp, and today, in our deceptively fluid digital age, there are architects who have paid as much attention to stopping architecture as they have to generating it. This paper focuses precisely on the problem of stopping in the digital age.
Conference papers on the topic "Root stocks"
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Tekin, Bilgehan, and Seda Nur Bastak. "The Relationship of Stock Prices and Stock Market Performance Ratios in Companies Trading on Borsa Istanbul: An Application in Companies with the Highest Trading Volume." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02599.
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In this study, the effect of certain ratios that investors pay attention to on stock prices in Borsa Istanbul is examined. For this purpose, 30 of the stocks with which the investors traded the most were taken as a sample. In the study, 30 companies with the highest average trading volume in the analysis period were selected according to their transactions in Borsa Istanbul. The study covers the period between 2010: 1Q-2019: 4Q. Variables included in the study are stock market price, P/E ratio, trading volume, market to book ratio, beta, free float percentage. In this study, it has been tried to understand at what level the stock market prices of companies' publicly traded stocks are affected by the indicators that emerge as a result of the transactions realized in the stock exchange, rather than the ratios discussed within the scope of financial analysis and ratio analysis, examples of which are very common in the literature. Panel regression analysis was performed in the study. Before proceeding to the panel regression analysis, preliminary tests were carried out and the model was tried to be given its most suitable form. For this purpose, multicollinearity tests, cross section dependency test, second generation unit root tests, varying variance test, panel regression model selection were made. The model created in the last stage was estimated. As a result of the study, it was seen that the Price/Earnings, Transaction Volume, Market Value/Book Value and Beta variables were significantly effective on the stock market prices of the companies' stocks. Among these variables, BETA affects negatively, while other variables affect positively. The variable with the highest effect on the share price is the negative BETA coefficient and the positive direction is the trading volume.
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Sukhenko, Liudmila, Elsayed Zeitar, Anna Fedotova, and Mikhail Egorov. "Prospects of naked licorice cultivation in the caspian region for the creation of foam licorice baths (based on the drug glytsrfit)." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.bjse2063.
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The prospects of cultivation of naked licorice in the territory of the Caspian region and the possibility of using extractive saponin-containing foaming components of licorice root to create foam licorice baths with foam content stability were studied. The latitude, longitude, and height of licorice root collection sites with row furrows are presented only in rows. A new approach to preserving the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance in a licorice bath is proposed by embedding colloidal surfactants into the micelles of licorice root saponins, which increases the stability of licorice foam in the bath. The data of the critical concentration of micelle formation are presented. The possibility of restoring the stocks of licorice naked during its cultivation and harvesting by the row method is shown, and methods for preserving the solubilizing ability of foam licorice baths under conditions of preserving licorice foam micelles in the presence of some surfactants are disclosed.
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Waite, Michael, and Vijay Modi. "Calibrated Building Energy Models for Community-Scale Sustainability Analyses." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6642.
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Building energy contributes approximately 40% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and 75% of emissions in some urban areas. Evaluating modifications to existing building stocks is essential to a proper assessment of GHG reduction policy at various levels. With deeper penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources, supply and demand effects at a high resolution (e.g. hourly) will become more important as variations in grid emissions will become more significant. City-level hourly electricity load data is available; however, effects of building stock changes on usage profiles are not easily analyzed, and on-site fossil fuel usage — the dominant loads in many urban areas — are generally only available annually. Building energy models allow for detailed simulation of building systems, but existing building models must be calibrated to actual energy usage to predict the effects of energy conservation measures. Reference building models developed by the U.S. Department of Energy for the EnergyPlus software tool were used as the basis for a set of calibrated building energy models to perform community-scale energy conservation measures on the dominant building classes in NYC (i.e. residential and office buildings). A statistical analysis of zip code-level annual electricity and fuel usage data was performed to determine electricity, space heating fuel and domestic hot water (DHW) fuel usage intensities (EUIs) for three broad building categories encompassing these building types in New York City. Several parameters were adjusted for each model until simulations produced the EUIs from the statistical analysis: Thermal envelope characteristics, peak electric equipment and lighting loads, DHW flow requirements, cooling equipment coefficient of performance and heating equipment efficiency. Cooling energy demands were adjusted based on the electricity demand vs. temperature behavior during the cooling season. The hourly daily usage schedules of internal electric and lighting loads were then adjusted for all models, targeting the actual hourly electricity demands for NYC. Because hourly changes affect annual EUIs, the calibrations were performed iteratively until the model outputs, weighted by each building type’s total NYC square footage, equaled the annual EUIs for each building type and the hourly electricity demand data. This paper shows that this comprehensive calibration approach can achieve root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 7% from the average annual electricity demand for these building types, compared to a 31% RMSD for an approach using annual energy calibration only.
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Clark, Wade, Jeff Cook, and Chris Madden. "Root Cause Analysis of Passenger Side Door System." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63074.
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This paper presents a real-world application of Root Cause Analysis methods that were applied to analyze and resolve a side door problem that was occurring on a particular fleet of coach cars operated by Amtrak. The foundation of a Root Cause Analysis program is a disciplined engineering process designed to identify physical, human and latent roots of chronic or sporadic problems. This paper presents the engineering challenges encountered while conducting root cause analysis of a complex coach car side doors problem. The coach car side doors system exhibited undesirable characteristics when in service. Mechanical staff received multiple reports that during station stops all of the open side doors would unexpectedly close even though the train speed was at zero. During this unexpected side door closing sequence all of the obstacle detection systems were disabled presenting a potential hazard to the traveling public. The side doors Root Cause Analysis team found the Physical Root cause of failure to be located in the door system software code — a finding that was never suspected following years of trouble with the side doors. As a result of this finding, the door manufacturer corrected the software and issued revised software to be installed fleet-wide. The Human and Latent Root causes were addressed through the development of a standard operating procedure and training for conductors and crew on the proper operation of side doors. The Root Cause Analysis method proved to be a powerful and productive process for achieving a solution to a chronic passenger side door problem.
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Feng, Yutong, Shengyu He, Jianyun Wu, and Haofei Zhang. "Under-Resourced Machine Learning for Stock Market Prediction." In ICCIR 2022: 2022 2nd International Conference on Control and Intelligent Robot. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3548608.3559328.
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Huynh, B. P. "Natural-Ventilation Flow in a 3-D Room Fitted With Solar Chimney." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87455.
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Natural-ventilation flow induced in a real-sized rectangular-box room fitted with a solar chimney on its roof is investigated numerically, using a commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software package. The chimney in turn is in the form of a parallel channel with one plate being subjected to uniform solar heat flux. Ventilation rate and air-flow pattern through the room are considered in terms of the heat flux for two different locations of the room’s inlet opening. Chien’s turbulence model of low-Reynolds-number K-ε is used in a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation. It is found that ventilation flow rate increases quickly with solar heat flux when this flux is low, but more gradually at higher flux. At low heat flux, ventilation rate is not significantly affected by location of the inlet opening to the room. On the other hand, at high heat flux, ventilation rate varies substantially with the opening’s location. Location of the inlet opening to the room also affects strongly the air-flow pattern. In any case, ample ventilation rate is readily induced by the chimney.
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Nazir, Kashif, and B. P. Huynh. "Effect of Inlet Location on Ventilation Flow Through a Room Fitted With Solar Chimney." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87051.
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Solar chimney (thermal chimney) is a device which absorbs solar radiation to heat the air. The heated air, becoming buoyant, rises through the chimney’s passage and induces further air currents. When fitted to a building, solar chimney can thus induce fresh outside air to flow through the building for ventilation. Because only natural means (solar radiation here) are involved to cause the air flow, solar chimney is considered a natural-ventilation device. This work investigates computationally natural ventilation induced by a roof-mounted solar chimney through a real-sized 3-dimensional room, using a commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software package which employs the Finite Volume Method. Chien’s turbulence model of low-Reynolds-number K-ε is used in a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation. Computational domain that includes regions outside the room’s inlet opening and chimney’s exit allows for employing realistic boundary conditions for the computational model. Ventilation rate and air-flow pattern through the room are considered in terms of the location of the room’s inlet opening. It is found that while ventilation flow-rate through the room is higher with the room-inlet opening being located high on the wall opposite to the chimney’s entrance, a room-inlet opening being located near the ground results in better flow pattern with more flow through the living area in the lower part of the room.
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Kumar, Swagat, Geetika Sharma, Nishant Kejriwal, Saumil Jain, Madhvi Kamra, Brijendra Singh, and Vishal Kumar Chauhan. "Remote retail monitoring and stock assessment using mobile robots." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tepra.2014.6869136.
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Feldmann, Rodney M., Carrie E. Schweitzer, and Megan Schinker. "MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTER DEFINITION OF THE ROOT-STOCK OF CYCLIDA (ARTHROPODA, CRUSTACEA?)." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319735.
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Lovett, Shachar. "Communication is bounded by root of rank." In STOC '14: Symposium on Theory of Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591796.2591799.
Full textReports on the topic "Root stocks"
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Muse, H. David, and Glyndon E. Hatchell. A Preliminary Identification of Morphological Indicators of Field Performance in Bare-Root Nursery Stock. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rp-283.
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Hatchell, Glyndon E., and H. David Muse. Nursery Cultural Practices and Morphological Arrtibutes of Longleaf Pine Bare-Root Stock as Indicators of Early Field Performance. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rp-277.
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.
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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.
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Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.
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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.
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The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa
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Nursery Cultural Practices and Morphological Attributes of Longleaf Pine Bare-Root Stock as Indicators of Early Field Performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781612.
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