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Torkaman, Javad, and Tooba Abedi. "Assessment of Root-Shoot Ratio, Biomass, and Carbon Sequestration of Chestnut-leaved Oak Seedling (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey)." SilvaWorld 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i1.97.
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One of the most important ways to reduce atmospheric carbon is the carbon sequestration by trees. Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important native oaks of Iran distributed in the Hyrcanian Forests. The pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. In this study, carbon sequestration of chestnut-leaved oak seedlings was evaluated by using some morphological characteristics of the root and shoot. For this purpose, one hundred seedlings were sampled by method of Systematic-Random from the sowing bed on March 2022 in the Pylambra nursery at Guilan province. Seedlings are divided to three grades small, medium and large according to Root Collar Diameter (RCD). The biomass and carbon sequestration of chestnut-leaved oak seedling were calculated according to the basic density of its root and shoot. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation detection between variables. The one-way analysis variance test at the 95% confidence level was used to recognize difference among biomass and carbon sequestration of three group of the oak seedlings. The results of correlation analysis showed that the root collar diameter (RCD) had the strongest correlation with other morphological characteristics. The amount of the basic density for the root and shoot of the oak seedling was obtained about 0.57 g/cm3 which is the same for both of them. The amount of the biomass and carbon sequestration of the root was obtained more than shoot at the small and medium seedlings, whereas in large seedling was the same. In general, by increasing the size of seedling the biomass and carbon sequestration increased.
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Gentile, R. M., D. L. Martino, and M. H. Entz. "Root characterization of three forage species grown in southwestern Uruguay." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-182.
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Forage crops are widely grown in the mixed cropping system of southwestern Uruguay. There is renewed interest in the use of forages for soil improvement and carbon sequestration, but the root growth of forages has received little study. Field observations were made of the root systems of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Soil core samples were used to measure root count and biomass distributions to a depth of 1 m. Roots were detected to a depth of 1 m for all species, although half of the root biomass for each species was located in the top 20 cm of the soil. The distribution of root counts differed with the greatest number of root axes found above a depth of 20 cm for tall fescue and chicory, and below 20 cm for alfalfa. Key words: Carbon sequestration, perennial forages, subsoil, grasslands
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Shi, Lei, and Liheng Xia. "Study on the Effects of Different Factors on Carbon Pools in Terrestrial Ecosystems." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/brrk1p19.
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Soil is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, and it is particularly important to study soil carbon pools. In this study, we investigated the effects of intensive agriculture, plant inputs and organic matter inputs on the soil organic carbon pool, and the results showed that intensive agriculture increased the soil carbon pool and soil organic matter content to a certain extent, and increased the rate of carbon sequestration in the soil, but intensive agriculture made the soil more prone to erosion, resulting in the loss of soil nutrients; the plant inputs were mainly in the form of root secretion, fine roots and coarse heeled debris, resulting in the increase of carbon stock in the soil; the organic matter inputs increased the carbon stock and the rate of carbon sequestration in the soil, and the organic matter inputs increased the carbon stock and the rate of carbon sequestration in the soil. Plant inputs are mainly in the form of root secretions, fine roots and coarse heeled debris, resulting in an increase in soil carbon stocks; organic material inputs increase soil carbon stocks and sequestration rates, while organic materials can increase the stability of soil aggregates, which can better realize the transfer of nutrients, retain water, and promote the growth of the crop root system, but organic material inputs will increase soil porosity and accelerate the loss of soil nutrients.
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Fox, James F., John Elliott Campbell, and Peter M. Acton. "Carbon Sequestration by Reforesting Legacy Grasslands on Coal Mining Sites." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 6340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236340.
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Future carbon management during energy production will rely on carbon capture and sequestration technology and carbon sequestration methods for offsetting non-capturable losses. The present study quantifies carbon sequestration via reforestation using measurements and modeling for recent and legacy surface coal mining grasslands that are re-restored through tree planting. This paper focuses on a case study of legacy coal mining sites in the southern Appalachia the United States. This five million-hectare region has a surface mining footprint of approximately 12% of the land area, and the reclamation method was primarily grassland. The results of the soil carbon sequestration rates for restored forest soils approach 2.0 MgC ha−1 y−1 initially and average 1.0 MgC ha−1 y−1 for the first fifty years after reclamation. Plant, coarse root and litter carbon sequestration rates were 2.8 MgC ha−1 y−1 with plant carbon estimated to equilibrate to 110 MgC ha−1 after forty years. Plant, root and litter carbon stocks are projected to equilibrate at an order of magnitude greater carbon storage than the existing conditions, highlighting the net carbon gain. Reforestation of legacy mine sites shows carbon sequestration potential several orders of magnitude greater than typical land sequestration strategies for carbon offsets. Projections of future scenarios provide results that show the study region could be carbon neutral or a small sink if widespread reforesting during reclamation was implemented, which is contrary to the business-as-usual projections that result in a large amount of carbon being released to the atmosphere in this region.
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PRICE, J. D. "Bone sequestration following root canal therapy: a case report." International Endodontic Journal 18, no. 1 (January 1985): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1985.tb00418.x.
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Sierra, Jorge, and Pekka Nygren. "Role of root inputs from a dinitrogen-fixing tree in soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in a tropical agroforestry system." Soil Research 43, no. 5 (2005): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04167.
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Agroforestry is often mentioned as a suitable technology for land rehabilitation in the tropics and for mitigation of climate change because this land-use favours nutrient recycling and C sequestration. The aim of this work was to estimate soil C sequestration in a 12-year-old tropical silvopastoral system composed of a legume tree (Gliricidia sepium) and a C4 fodder grass (Dichanthium aristatum), and to link it with tree root biomass and N status in the soil. The site was under cut-and-carry management, i.e. tree pruning residues and cut grass were removed from the field and fed to stabled animals elsewhere. Thus, main sources for tree C and N inputs were root activity and turnover. Organic C derived from the trees and tree root biomass were determined based on natural 13C abundance. For the 0–0.2 m soil layer, the biomass of tree roots ≤2 mm diameter was 2.4 Mg/ha when the trees were pruned every 6 months (SS6), and 0.6 Mg/ha when pruned every 2 months (SS2). Both C (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.05) and N (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.05) sequestration were correlated with tree root biomass. The trees and grass contributed 18 and 8 Mg C/ha to soil, respectively, over the 12-year experiment in SS6. The net increase of 2.5 Mg N/ha in soil, originating from the trees, contributed to the net soil C sequestration. In SS2, trees contributed 16 Mg C/ha to soil over 12 years, but grass-derived C was reduced by 2 Mg C/ha because of the small amount of grass litter. The increase of 1.7 Mg N/ha in soil, derived from the trees, was not large enough to avoid C loss in this plot. Differences in soil C and N sequestration between plots were due to differences in system management, which affected the amount and the C/N ratio of inputs and outputs.
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Shamuyarira, Kwame W., Hussein Shimelis, Sandiswa Figlan, and Vincent Chaplot. "Path Coefficient and Principal Component Analyses for Biomass Allocation, Drought Tolerance and Carbon Sequestration Potential in Wheat." Plants 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111407.
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Increased root biomass allocation could serve as a proxy trait for selecting crop ideotypes with drought tolerance and carbon sequestration potential in agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of the relationship between root biomass and yield components and to identify influential traits so as to optimise genotype selection for enhanced biomass allocation, drought tolerance and carbon sequestration potential in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). One-hundred wheat genotypes consisting of 10 parents and 90 derived F2 families were evaluated under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions at two different sites. Data were collected for days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), plant height, productive tiller number (TN), spike length, spikelets per spike (SPS), kernels per spike (KPS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), shoot biomass, root biomass, total plant biomass (PB), root-to-shoot ratio (RS) and grain yield. There was significant (p < 0.05) genetic variation in most assessed traits, TN and RS being exceptions. Root biomass had significant positive correlations with grain yield under drought-stressed (r = 0.28) and non-stressed (r = 0.41) conditions, but a non-significant correlation was recorded for RS and grain yield. Notably, both root biomass and shoot biomass had significant positive correlations under both water regimes, revealing the potential of increasing both traits with minimal biomass trade-offs. The highest positive direct effects on grain yield were found for KPS and PB under both water regimes. The present study demonstrated that selection based on KPS and PB rather than RS will be more effective in ideotype selection of segregating populations for drought tolerance and carbon sequestration potential.
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Dhital, Deepa, Tomoharu Inoue, and Hiroshi Koizumi. "Seasonal/Interannual Variations of Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Emission in a Warm-Season Perennial Grassland." Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (November 11, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/729294.
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Carbon sequestration and carbon emission are processes of ecosystem carbon cycling that can be affected while land area converted to grassland resulting in increased soil carbon storage and below-ground respiration. Discerning the importance of carbon cycle in grassland, we aimed to estimate carbon sequestration in photosynthesis and carbon emission in respiration from soil, root, and microbes, for four consecutive years (2007–2010) in a warm-season perennial grassland, Japan. Soil carbon emission increased with increasing growing season temperature which ranged from 438 to 1642 mg CO2 m−2 h−1. Four years’ average soil carbon emission for growing season, nongrowing season, and annual emission was 1123, 364, and 1488 g C m−2, respectively. Nongrowing and snow covered season soil carbon emission contributed 23–25% and 14–17% to the annual emission. Above-ground biomass varied seasonally and variation in green biomass affected soil carbon emission with increasing temperature and precipitation. Temperature effect on root carbon emission contributed about 1/4th of the total soil carbon emission. Variation in soil and root carbon emission is affected by below-ground biomass. Long-term estimation concluded that seasonal and interannual variations in carbon sequestration and emission are very common in grassland ecosystem.
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Heath, J. "Rising Atmospheric CO2 Reduces Sequestration of Root-Derived Soil Carbon." Science 309, no. 5741 (September 9, 2005): 1711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110700.
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Manzoor, Shaista, and Kahkashan Qayoom. "Environmental Importance of Mulberry: A Review." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 8 (July 15, 2024): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82681.
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Mulberry is a woody, deciduous tree that is economically important. It is regarded as a distinctive plant on the planet due to its widespread geological distribution across continents, ability to be cultivated in various forms, multiple uses of leaf foliage and positive impact in environmental safety approaches such as ecorestoration of degraded lands, bioremediation of polluted sites, water conservation, soil erosion prevention, and enhancement of air quality through carbon sequestration. Mulberry has a robust root system. Mulberry root systems can significantly improve soil shear strength and anti-erosive capacity. Mulberry plantations are extremely effective in suppressing sand storms and conserving water and soil. The review investigates the role of mulberry trees in carbon sequestration, ecorestoration, soil and water conservation, bioremediation of heavy metals and afforestation.
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Major, John E., Kurt H. Johnsen, Debby C. Barsi, and Moira Campbell. "Total belowground carbon and nitrogen partitioning of mature black spruce displaying genetic × soil moisture interaction in growth." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 11 (November 2012): 1939–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-145.
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Total belowground biomass, soil C, and N mass were measured in plots of 32-year-old black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) from four full-sib families studied previously for drought tolerance and differential productivity on a dry and a wet site. Stump root biomass was greater on the wet than on the dry site; however, combined fine and coarse root biomass was greater on the dry than on the wet site, resulting in no site root biomass differences. There were no site differences in root distribution by soil depth. Drought-tolerant families had greater stump root biomass and allocated relatively less to combined coarse and fine roots than drought-intolerant families. Fine roots (<2 mm) made up 10.9% and 50.2% of the belowground C and N biomass. Through 50 cm soil depth, mean total belowground C mass was 187.2 Mg·ha–1, of which 8.9%, 3.4%, 0.7%, and 87.0% were from the stump root, combined fine and coarse roots, necromass, and soil, respectively. Here, we show that belowground C sequestration generally mirrors (mostly from stump roots) aboveground growth, and thus, trends in genetic and genetic × environment productivity effects result in similar effects on belowground C sequestration. Thus, tree improvement may well be an important avenue to help stem increases in atmospheric CO2.
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Ludovici, Kim H., Stanley J. Zarnoch, and Daniel D. Richter. "Modeling in-situ pine root decomposition using data from a 60-year chronosequence." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-073.
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Because the root system of a mature pine tree typically accounts for 2030% of the total tree biomass, decomposition of large lateral roots and taproots following forest harvest and re-establishment potentially impact nutrient supply and carbon sequestration in pine systems over several decades. If the relationship between stump diameter and decomposition of taproot and lateral root material, i.e., wood and bark, can be quantified, a better understanding of rates and patterns of sequestration and nutrient release can also be developed. This study estimated decomposition rates from in-situ root systems using a chronosequence approach. Nine stands of 55- to 70-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) that had been clear-cut 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, 35, 45, 55, and 60 years ago were identified on well-drained Piedmont soils. Taproot and lateral root systems were excavated, measured, and weighed. Although more than 50% of the total root mass decomposed during the first 10 years after harvest, field excavations recovered portions of large lateral roots (>5 cm diameter) and taproots that persisted for more than 35 and 60 years, respectively. Results indicate that decomposition of total root biomass, and its component parts, from mature, clear-cut loblolly pine stands, can be modeled with good precision as a function of groundline stump diameter and years since harvest.
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Jin, Shaofei. "Recommended nitrogen fertilization enhances soil carbon sequestration in China’s monsoonal temperate zone." PeerJ 6 (November 16, 2018): e5983. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5983.
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China consumes more than one-third of the world’s nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and an increasing amount of N fertilizer has been applied over the past decades. Although N fertilization can increase the carbon sequestration potentials of cropland in China, the quantitative effects of different N fertilizer application levels on soil carbon changes have not been evaluated. Therefore, a 12-year cultivation experiment was conducted under three N fertilizer application levels (no N fertilizer input, the recommended N fertilizer input after soil testing, and the estimated additional fertilizer input) to estimate the effect of N addition on soil carbon changes in the root layer (0–80 cm) and non-root layer (80–200 cm) using a within-study meta-analysis method. The results showed significant declines in the soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in the root layers and significant growth in the SIC in the non-root layers under N fertilizer input. The soil organic carbon (SOC) in the root layers and the non-root layer significantly decreased under all the treatments. In addition, the recommended N fertilizer application level significantly increased the SOC and soil total carbon stocks compared with the future N fertilizer application level and no N input, while the future N fertilization significantly decreased the SIC and soil total carbon compared with no N input. The results suggest that N fertilization can rearrange the soil carbon distribution over the entire soil profile, and the recommended N fertilization rather than excess N input can increase the soil carbon stock, which suggests that the national soil testing program in China can improve the soil carbon sequestration potential.
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Zhang, Tantan, Yali Liu, and Lin Li. "Sugarcane/Soybean Intercropping with Reduced Nitrogen Application Synergistically Increases Plant Carbon Fixation and Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration." Plants 13, no. 16 (August 22, 2024): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13162337.
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Sugarcane/soybean intercropping and reduced nitrogen (N) application as an important sustainable agricultural pattern can increase crop primary productivity and improve soil ecological functions, thereby affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) input and turnover. To explore the potential mechanism of sugarcane/soybean intercropping affecting SOC sequestration, a two-factor long-term field experiment was carried out, which included planting pattern (sugarcane monocropping (MS), sugarcane/soybean 1:1 intercropping (SB1), and sugarcane/soybean 1:2 intercropping (SB2)) and nitrogen addition levels (reduced N application (N1: 300 kg·hm−2) and conventional N application (N2: 525 kg·hm−2)). The results showed that the shoot and root C fixation in the sugarcane/soybean intercropping system were significantly higher than those in the sugarcane monocropping system during the whole growth period of sugarcane, and the N application level had no significant effect on the C fixation of plants in the intercropping system. Sugarcane/soybean intercropping also increased the contents of total organic C (TOC), labile organic C fraction [microbial biomass C (MBC) and dissolved organic C (DOC)] in the soil during the growth period of sugarcane, and this effect was more obvious at the N1 level. We further analyzed the relationship between plant C sequestration and SOC fraction content using regression equations and found that both plant shoot and root C sequestration were significantly correlated with TOC, MBC, and DOC content. This suggests that sugarcane/soybean intercropping increases the amount of C input to the soil by improving crop shoot and root C sequestration, which then promotes the content of each SOC fraction. The results of this study indicate that sugarcane/soybean intercropping and reduced N application patterns can synergistically improve plant and soil C fixation, which is of great significance for improving crop yields, increasing soil fertility, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields.
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Zhao, Xingtang, Lei Yu, Zhang Liu, Jianfei Liu, Xintong Ji, Xu Zhang, Mengqi Liu, Yushuo Mei, Fansuo Zeng, and Yaguang Zhan. "Transcriptome Analysis for Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. Seedlings from Different Carbon Sequestration Provenances in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020257.
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To explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of high-carbon (C) sequestration Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. (F. mandshurica) provenance and the expression profile of F. mandshurica during nitrogen (N) starvation, the foliage and roots of the annual Wuchang (WC) seedlings with greater C amount and Hailin (HL) seedlings with smaller C amount, which were grown in N-deficient nutrition and complete N, were used for RNA-seq and physiological determination, respectively. One thousand and fifty-seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WC and HL and 8173 DEGs related to N deficiency were identified, respectively. The root of F. mandshurica responded to N deficiency more strongly than foliar. The target genes that responded to N deficiency in roots were mainly regulatory genes (transcription factors, hormones and protein kinases), and their response patterns were upregulated. The growth and N concentration in both WC and HL were reduced by the N deficiency, which might result from the decrease of the leaf Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzyme activity and ABA content, although the root-to-shoot ratio; lateral root number; lignin content; endogenous hormones content (GA, IAA and ZR); root GS and glutamate synthetase activity and transcriptional level of most of the regulatory genes were increased. The C sequestration capacity in WC was greater than that in HL, which related to the higher GS enzymes activity and transcriptional levels of regulatory genes and metabolic genes (terpenes, carbohydrates, and lipid energy). However, the C sequestration advantage of WC was significantly reduced by the N deficiency, which was due to the smaller response to N deficiency compared to HL.
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Gonzalez, Pedro, James P. Syvertsen, and Ed Etxeberria. "Sodium Distribution in Salt-stressed Citrus Rootstock Seedlings." HortScience 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 1504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1504.
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Although citrus trees are considered relatively salt-sensitive, there are consistent differences in Na+ and Cl– tolerance among different citrus rootstocks. We grew uniform seedlings of rough lemon (RL) and the more Na+-tolerant Swingle citrumelo (SC) with and without 50 mm NaCl for 42 days. Salinity reduced leaf chlorophyll and plant transpiration rate (Ep) more in RL than SC. Confocal laser scanning analyses using the Na+-specific cell-permeant fluorescent probe CoroNa-Red revealed a higher capacity for Na+ sequestration in root tissue vacuoles of SC than in RL roots and that cell walls within the stele acted as Na+ traps. In leaves, however, RL had significantly higher Na+-dependent fluorescence than SC. Thus, the sequestration of Na+ in root tissue vacuoles and its immobilization by cell walls were key contributing mechanisms enabling SC leaves to maintain lower levels of Na+ than RL leaves. Examination of intracellular distribution of CoroNa-Green fluorescence in SC root protoplasts verified a vacuolar localization for Na+ in addition to the presence of a 2- to 6-μm unidentified endosomal compartment containing significantly higher Na+ concentrations.
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Yousef, Askari, Soltani Ali, Akhavan Reza, and Kohyani Pejman Tahmasebi. "Assessment of root-shoot ratio biomass and carbon storage of Quercus brantii Lindl. in the central Zagros forests of Iran." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 6 (June 27, 2017): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/122/2015-jfs.
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Assessment of carbon storage build-up in tree stems is a difficult task due to the lack of information on their carbon sequestration potential and allocation in different components. Similarly, high cost and complex methodology for accurate belowground biomass estimation make it in particular problematic. To this end, 18 Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindley) trees from two growth forms in western Iran were destructively sampled to develop biomass and carbon mass prediction. Sampling covered a range of ages (40–145-year-old), sizes (DBH 7–38 cm) and mean crown diameter (1.9–8.55 m). We examined biomass proportion and carbon sequestration quantity at individual tree and growth form levels, which were: coppice and high forest. One-way ANOVA was used to test the significant differences in carbon concentration, biomass and carbon pools between the components of the two growth forms. Results showed that there was a difference in average biomass and carbon sequestration of trees from the two growth forms. The biomass distribution pattern was similar in the two growth forms. Amounts of stored biomass in trunk, stump, branch, twig and foliage were 24.79, 6.01, 63.82, 2.53 and 2.93% of aboveground components for high forest and 16.4, 10.12, 65.83, 4.23 and 3.46% for corresponding coppice trees. The average biomass of the root-shoot ratio in high-forest and coppice trees was determined 0.72 and 0.88, respectively. A general decline in these proportions was detected as the size of trees increased. We recommend a root-shoot ratio of 0.80 to be adopted for Persian oak.
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Kavdır, Yasemin, and Alvin J. M. Smucker. "Soil aggregate sequestration of cover crop root and shoot-derived nitrogen." Plant and Soil 272, no. 1-2 (May 2005): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-5294-x.
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He, Fang, Lin-lin Shi, Jing-cheng Tian, and Li-juan Mei. "Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil organic carbon sequestration after a 34-year rice-wheat rotation in Taihu Lake Basin." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 1 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/478/2020-pse.
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To evaluate the long-term effects of fertilisation on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in rice-wheat cropping ecosystems, SOC dynamics, stocks and fractionation were determined. The treatments included no fertiliser, mineral N and P, mineral N, P and K, organic fertiliser (OF), OF plus NP and OF plus NPK. The results showed that the average carbon inputs that derived from crop stubble, root residues and organic fertilisers were between 1.47 and 4.33 t/ha/year over the past 34 years. The average SOC stocks measured in the samples collected in 2011–2013 ranged from 31.20 to 38.52 t/ha. The range of the SOC sequestration rate was 0.11–0.40 t/ha/year with a SOC sequestration efficiency of 6.3%. Overall, organic fertilisation significantly promoted C-input, SOC and the sequestration rate compared to mineral fertilisation. The "active pool" (very labile and labile fractions) and "passive pool" (less labile and recalcitrant fractions) accounted for about 71.0% and 29.0% of the SOC fractions, respectively. Significant positive relationships between C-inputs and SOC fractions indicated that SOC was not saturated in this typical rice-wheat cropping system, and fertilisation, especially organic amendment, is an effective SOC strategy sequestration.
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Sasse, Joelle. "Plant Chemistry and Morphological Considerations for Efficient Carbon Sequestration." CHIMIA 77, no. 11 (November 29, 2023): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2023.726.
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Carbon sequestration to soils counteracts increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere, and increases soil fertility. Efforts to increase soil carbon storage produced mixed results, due to the multifactorial nature of this process, and the lack of knowledge on molecular details on the interplay of plants, microbes, and soil physiochemical properties. This review outlines the carbon flow from the atmosphere into soils, and factors resulting in elevated or decreased carbon sequestration are outlined. Carbon partitioning within plants defines how much fixed carbon is allocated belowground, and plant and microbial respiration accounts for the significant amount of carbon lost. Carbon enters the soil in form of soluble and polymeric rhizodeposits, and as shoot and root litter. These different forms of carbon are immobilized in soils with varying efficiency as mineral-bound or particulate organic matter. Plant-derived carbon is further turned over by microbes in different soil layers. Microbial activity and substrate use is influenced by the type of carbon produced by plants (molecular weight, chemical class). Further, soil carbon formation is altered by root depth, growth strategy (perennial versus annual), and C/N ratio of rhizodeposits influence soil carbon formation. Current gaps of knowledge and future directions are highlighted.
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Rogers, Kerrylee, Neil Saintilan, Debashish Mazumder, and Jeffrey J. Kelleway. "Mangrove dynamics and blue carbon sequestration." Biology Letters 15, no. 3 (March 2019): 20180471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0471.
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We monitored coastal wetland vertical accretion, elevation gain and surface carbon (C) at Homebush Bay, Australia over 18 years (2000–2017) in three settings initially characterized by saltmarsh, mixed saltmarsh–mangrove ecotone and mangrove-dominated zones. During this time, the saltmarsh transitioned to mixed saltmarsh–mangrove ecotone, and the mixed saltmarsh–mangrove ecotone transitioned to mangrove, consistent with vegetation transitions observed across the east Australian continent in recent decades. In spite of mangrove recruitment and thickening in the former saltmarsh zone, and the dominance of mangrove root material as a contributing C source, the rate of C accumulation in the former saltmarsh zone did not change over the study period, and there was no significant increase in surface elevation. This contrasted with the response of sites with a longer history of mangrove colonization, which showed strong accretion and C accumulation over the period. The result suggests that the C accumulation and surface elevation gains made as a result of mangrove colonization may not be observable over initial decades, but will be significant in the longer term as forests reach maturity.
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Xu, Shan Shan. "Empirical Research on Forest Carbon Sequestration Environmental Kuznets Curve." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 1254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.1254.
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The authors selected GDP and forest carbon storage time series of forest industrial state-owned region in Heilongjiang Province and established carbon sequestration EKC model based on unit root test and co-integration theory. Through regression analysis, the paper reveals the inverted N-shaped curve characteristic between the two variables, and made a conclusion that forest industrial state-owned region in Heilongjiang Province is in a critical condition of the coordination between forest resource preservation and economic growth.
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Baste, Prajakta, and Ar Hemant Thakare. "Optimization for Carbon Footprint in an Institutional Campus." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.028.
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Development of environmentally sustainable cities is the need of today’s fast urbanizing India. By 2050 nearly half the Indian population will be living in urban areas. Urban activities have increased the atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and will continue to increase. Indian cities are major producers of CO2, but are not planned for enough Carbon Storage to compensate their own Carbon Footprints. It is imperative to maintain the ‘‘balance’’ between the Carbon emission and Sequestration to achieve environmental sustainability. Any process that removes CO2 from the atmosphere and deposits it in a reservoir of any particular type (plant material, wood, soil, etc) is termed as ‘Carbon Sequestration’. The Trees make the withdrawal of CO2 from the atmosphere with the process of photosynthesis and store it in the form of growing plant material. Around 5%-21% of total photosynthetically fixed Carbon is transferred into the rhizosphere through root exudates. This study constitutes an estimation of standing biomass in the form of Plants and Trees, and the Carbon Sequestration by them at the institutional campus – ‘Udhaji Maratha Boarding Campus, Nasik’. Objective is to find their value in environmental optimization w.r.t. CO2 footprint of the campus. This study tries to estimate (i) CO2 Sequestration by existing plant material, (ii) required Sequestration as per the current Carbon footprint of the users. Further this research projects the Carbon Sequestration in the future by the current vegetation after its 100% growth.
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Yang, Wei Qiang, and Barbara L. Goulart. "Mycorrhizal Infection Reduces Shortterm Aluminum Uptake and Increases Root Cation Exchange Capacity of Highbush Blueberry Plants." HortScience 35, no. 6 (October 2000): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.6.1083.
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Aluminum (Al) uptake by and root cation exchange capacity (CEC) of mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants were studied. Root CEC was higher in M plants than in NM plants, but total and root Al contents were higher in NM plants. Leaf Al content was higher in NM than in M plants after 1 and 5 hours of exposure. The aurintriboxylic acid stain for Al indicated the presence of Al in the M symbiont. Despite a larger root system and higher root CEC, regression analysis indicated roots of M plants absorbed less Al in the first 5 hours, suggesting that Al sequestration in the M symbiont is responsible for reduced total Al uptake. Differences in dry matter partitioning between M and NM plants were also observed.
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Liu, Si Jia, Zhi Tong Zhao, Xiao Dan Yu, Hong Chao Li, and Yun Wei Zhang. "Analysis on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 Generation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4985.
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Lespedeza bicolor has developed root system and the ability of carbon sequestration, which can effectively improve the soil nutrient. We measured the correlation of net photosynthetic rate and physiological and environmental factors using space mutated Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 generation, the change of soil carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass was also discussed. The conclusion showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthesis was registered as double－peak curve and had "noon break" phenomenon. It showed strong ability of photosynthesis and its mean diurnal photosynthetic rates was 8.77 umolCO2·m-2s-1. Highly correlation was existed between net photosynthetic rate and atmospheric CO2 concentration ,the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass displayed negatively relationship to the depth of the soil. Base on the study , we can conclude that the photosynthetic organic matter was effectively accumulated by Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 generation which made use of atmospheric CO2 and the root system located in the superficial soil has better potential of carbon sequestration.
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Zhang, Hao, Kelin Wang, Zhaoxia Zeng, Zhigang Zou, Yanfang Xu, and Fuping Zeng. "Multiple Factors Drive Variation of Forest Root Biomass in Southwestern China." Forests 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080456.
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The roots linking the above-ground organs and soil are key components for estimating net primary productivity and carbon sequestration of forests. The patterns and drivers of root biomass in forest have not been examined well at the regional scale, especially for the widely distributed forest ecosystems in southwestern China. We attempted to determine the spatial patterns of root biomass (RB, Mg/ha), annual increment root biomass (AIRB, Mg/ha/year), ratio of root and above-ground (RRA), and the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic factors that drive the variation of root biomass. Forest biomass and multiple factors (climate, soil, forest types, and stand characteristics) of 318 plots in this region (790,000 km2) were analyzed in this research. The AB (the mean values for forest aboveground biomass per ha, Mg/ha), RB, AIRB, and RRA were 126 Mg/ha, 28 Mg/ha, 0.69 Mg/ha and 0.22, respectively. AB, RB, AIRB, and RRA varied across all the plots and forest types. Both RB and AIRB showed significant spatial patterns of distribution, while RRA did not show any spatial patterns of distribution. Up to 28.4% of variation in total of RB, AIRB, and RRA can be attributed to the climate, soil, and stand characteristics. The explained or contribution rates of climate, soil, and stand characteristics for variation of whole forest root biomass were 6.7%, 16.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. Path analysis in structural equation model (SEM) indicated the direct influence of stand age on RB. AIRB was greater than that of the other factors. Climate, soil and stand characteristics in different forest types could explain 9.7%–96.1%, 15.4%–96.4%, and 36.7%–99.4% of variations in RB, AIRB, and RRA, respectively, which suggests that the multiple factors may be important in explaining the variations in forest root biomass. The results of the analysis of root biomass per ha, annual increment of root biomass per ha, and ratio of root and above-ground in the seven forest types categorized by climate, soil, and stand characteristics may be used for accurately determining C sequestration by the forest root and estimating forest biomass in this region.
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Zhao, Y., and Q. Hu. "CARBON SEQUESTRATION ESTIMATION OF STREET TREES BASED ON POINT CLOUD FROM VEHICLE-BORNE LASER SCANNING SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-313-2017.
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Continuous development of urban road traffic system requests higher standards of road ecological environment. Ecological benefits of street trees are getting more attention. Carbon sequestration of street trees refers to the carbon stocks of street trees, which can be a measurement for ecological benefits of street trees. Estimating carbon sequestration in a traditional way is costly and inefficient. In order to solve above problems, a carbon sequestration estimation approach for street trees based on 3D point cloud from vehicle-borne laser scanning system is proposed in this paper. The method can measure the geometric parameters of a street tree, including tree height, crown width, diameter at breast height (DBH), by processing and analyzing point cloud data of an individual tree. Four Chinese scholartree trees and four camphor trees are selected for experiment. The root mean square error (RMSE) of tree height is 0.11m for Chinese scholartree and 0.02m for camphor. Crown widths in X direction and Y direction, as well as the average crown width are calculated. And the RMSE of average crown width is 0.22m for Chinese scholartree and 0.10m for camphor. The last calculated parameter is DBH, the RMSE of DBH is 0.5cm for both Chinese scholartree and camphor. Combining the measured geometric parameters and an appropriate carbon sequestration calculation model, the individual tree’s carbon sequestration will be estimated. The proposed method can help enlarge application range of vehicle-borne laser point cloud data, improve the efficiency of estimating carbon sequestration, construct urban ecological environment and manage landscape.
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Al-Jabri, Khaled, Yaseen Al-Mulla, Ahmed Al-Abri, Fathiya Al-Battashi, Mohammed Al-Sulaimani, Ahmed Tabook, Salma Al-Raba’Ni, Hameed Sulaiman, Nasser Al-Salmi, and Talal Al-Shukaili. "Integrating Remote Sensing Techniques and Allometric Models for Sustainable Carbon Sequestration Estimation in Prosopis cineraria-Druce Trees." Sustainability 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2024): 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010123.
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This study emphasizes the role of Prosopis cineraria (Druce) in promoting sustainability through its contribution to carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. The accurate quantification of the aboveground biomass (AGB) of Druce trees is essential for assessing their potential in reducing carbon emissions, yet remains a significant challenge. To address this, the study aimed to (1) estimate the AGB using destructive sampling; (2) analyze variability in existing allometric biomass equations; (3) evaluate remote sensing and machine learning techniques for estimating AGB and carbon sequestration; and (4) develop and validate new allometric equations based on field and remote sensing data. The Druce trees, with diameters at breast height ranging from 20.7 to 28.97 cm, exhibited an AGB of 208.3 kg per tree, which corresponds with a carbon sequestration stock of 97.89 kg C/tree. This translates to an annual carbon dioxide sequestration potential of 0.36 t C/tree. The newly developed allometric model (Model-2) was found to demonstrate superior accuracy, with performance metrics including a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.6%, relative bias of 5.3%, R2 of 0.906, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.151, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.189. These improvements highlight the significant role of remote sensing technologies in advancing sustainable carbon monitoring and offer a more precise tool for enhancing global carbon sequestration models. By integrating field-based measurements and advanced technologies, this study strengthens our ability to assess the carbon sequestration potential of trees, contributing to more sustainable management and climate resilience strategies.
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Joshi, Seema. "Plant Adaptations to Extreme Environments: Survival Strategies for Plants in Harsh or Unique Habitats -A Review." Advance Research in Sciences (ARS) 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/ars/1010.
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Plants have evolved a variety of adaptations to cope with various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme heat, and drought. These adaptations include deep-soil-accessing root systems, symbiotic relationships with fungi, and root system modifications to deal with water stress. Drought is a major environmental stress that can have a negative impact on plant growth and productivity. Plants have evolved a variety of adaptations to cope with water stress, drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. Deep root systems, stomatal regulation, and leaf modifications are essential for accessing water from deep soil layers, while shallow root systems are beneficial for areas with insufficient soil moisture. Osmotic adjustment, ion transport and sequestration, and morphological adaptations help plants maintain turgor pressure and water uptake. Genetic adaptations can help develop salt-tolerant crops for saline soils.
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Hashem, Qamar. "A Conservative Management Approach for Unusual Presentation of Oral Actinomycosis." Case Reports in Dentistry 2021 (May 18, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5570758.
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Actinomycosis is gram-positive saprophytic infection that is characterized by chronic suppurative and granulomatous lesion. It could be found in the oral cavity, lungs, colon, and genital area. In the oral cavity, it is commonly associated with infected root canals presented as persistent infections. This case reports demonstrate an atypical presentation of actinomycosis in the lower left mandibular canine/premolar area showing painless soft tissue lesion associated with bone sequestration. Nonsurgical curettage of the lesion followed by nonsurgical root canal treatment and retreatment to the offended teeth was determined as the treatment modality for this case.
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Chen, Zhaozhe, and Ozeas S. Costa. "Nutrient Sequestration by Two Aquatic Macrophytes on Artificial Floating Islands in a Constructed Wetland." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 6553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086553.
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Artificial floating islands (AFIs) have been documented as an efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective solution to address nutrient pollution. However, most AFI studies to date have been conducted in controlled experiments, and AFI applications in natural settings, particularly in the U.S. Midwest, are limited. Here, we present the results of a combination of field and mesocosm experiments with two native aquatic plant species (Carex comosa and Eleocharis palustris) in a constructed wetland in north-central Ohio. Results showed that C. comosa outperformed E. palustris with respect to biomass accumulation and root system development. In natural conditions, C. comosa had a total dry biomass production of 58.5 ± 22.2 g/plug compared to 6.1 ± 3.2 g/plug in E. palustris. The maximum estimated mean nutrient storage for C. comosa was 20.24 g/m2 of N and 1.33 g/m2 of P, whereas it was 2.31 g/m2 of N and 0.17 g/m2 of P for E. palustris. In addition, the more developed root system of C. comosa suggests that AFIs containing this plant have better total nutrient removal capacity. The growth conditions of both species were significantly impacted by seasonal dynamics with respect to their biomass production and root elongation, as evidenced by reduced growth towards the end of the growing season.
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McFarlane, Tamra, Robert Kleinloog, and Margot Bennett. "Pulmonary sequestration of cardioplegia administered via the aortic root during aortocoronary bypass surgery." Perfusion 22, no. 2 (March 2007): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659107077949.
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Matamala, Roser, Miquel A. Gonzàlez-Meler, Julie D. Jastrow, Richard J. Norby, and William H. Schlesinger. "Impacts of Fine Root Turnover on Forest NPP and Soil C Sequestration Potential." Science 302, no. 5649 (November 20, 2003): 1385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1089543.
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Bai, Xuejuan, Zehui Guo, Yimei Huang, and Shaoshan An. "Root cellulose drives soil fulvic acid carbon sequestration in the grassland restoration process." CATENA 191 (August 2020): 104575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104575.
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Liu, Zhouli, Jing An, Qingxuan Lu, Chuanjia Yang, Yitao Mu, Jianbing Wei, Yongxia Hou, Xiangyu Meng, Zhuo Zhao, and Maosen Lin. "Effects of Cadmium Stress on Carbon Sequestration and Oxygen Release Characteristics in A Landscaping Hyperaccumulator—Lonicera japonica Thunb." Plants 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142689.
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The carbon sequestration and oxygen release of landscape plants are dominant ecological service functions, which can play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases, improving the urban heat island effect and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In the present study, we are choosing Lonicera japonica Thunb. as a model plant to show the effects of Cd stress on growth, photosynthesis, carbon sequestration and oxygen release characteristics. Under 5 mg kg−1 of Cd treatment, the dry weight of roots and shoots biomass and the net photosynthetic rate (PN) in L. japonica had a significant increase, and with the increase in Cd treatment concentration, the dry weight of roots and shoots biomass and PN in the plant began to decrease. When the Cd treatment concentration was up to 125 mg kg−1, the dry weight of root and shoots biomass and PN in the plant decreased by 5.29%, 1.94% and 2.06%, and they had no significant decrease compared with the control, indicating that the plant still had a good ability for growth and photoenergy utilization even under high concentrations of Cd stress. The carbon sequestration and oxygen release functions in terms of diurnal assimilation amounts (P), carbon sequestration per unit leaf area (WCO2), oxygen release per unit leaf area (WO2), carbon sequestration per unit land area (PCO2) and oxygen release per unit land area (PO2) in L. japonica had a similar change trend with the photosynthesis responses under different concentrations of Cd treatments, which indicated that L. japonica as a landscaping Cd-hyperaccumulator, has a good ability for carbon sequestration and oxygen release even under high concentrations of Cd stress. The present study will provide a useful guideline for effectively developing the ecological service functions of landscaping hyperaccumulators under urban Cd-contaminated environment.
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Acosta, Jose A., Alberto Imbernón-Mulero, Belén Gallego-Elvira, Jose F. Maestre-Valero, Silvia Martínez-Martínez, and Victoriano Martínez-Álvarez. "Soil Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Carbon Sequestration with Implementation of Alley Cropping in a Mediterranean Citrus Orchard." Plants 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2024): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13172399.
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Agroecological ecosystems produce significant carbon dioxide fluxes; however, the equilibrium of their carbon sequestration, as well as emission rates, faces considerable uncertainties. Therefore, sustainable cropping practices represent a unique opportunity for carbon sequestration, compensating greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, we evaluated the short-term effect of different management practices in alleys (tillage, no tillage, alley cropping with Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus hyemalis on soil properties, carbon sequestration, and CO2 emissions in a grapefruit orchard under semiarid climate). For two years every four months, soil sampling campaigns were performed, soil CO2 emissions were measured, and rhizosphere soils were sampled at the end of the experimental period. The results show that alley cropping with Thymus and Rosmarinus contributed to improve soil fertility, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and nutrients. The CO2 emission rates followed the soil temperature/moisture pattern. Tillage did not contribute to higher overall CO2 emissions, and there were no decreased SOC contents. In contrast, alley crops increased CO2 emission rates, especially Rosmarinus; however, the bigger root system and biomass of Rosmarinus contributed to soil carbon sequestration at a greater rate than Thymus. Therefore, Rosmarinus is positioned as a better option than Thymus to be used as an alley crop, although long-term monitoring is required to evaluate if the reported short-term benefits are maintained over time.
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Fu, Liangbo, Dezhi Wu, Xincheng Zhang, Yunfeng Xu, Liuhui Kuang, Shengguan Cai, Guoping Zhang, and Qiufang Shen. "Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase HVP10 enhances salt tolerance via promoting Na+ translocation into root vacuoles." Plant Physiology 188, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 1248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab538.
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Abstract Vacuolar H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (VPs) provide a proton gradient for Na+ sequestration in the tonoplast; however, the regulatory mechanisms of VPs in developing salt tolerance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we cloned a barley (Hordeum vulgare) VP gene (HVP10) that was identified previously as the HvNax3 gene. Homology analysis showed VP10 in plants had conserved structure and sequence and likely originated from the ancestors of the Ceramiales order of Rhodophyta (Cyanidioschyzon merolae). HVP10 was mainly expressed in roots and upregulated in response to salt stress. After salt treatment for 3 weeks, HVP10 knockdown (RNA interference) and knockout (CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing) barley plants showed greatly inhibited growth and higher shoot Na+ concentration, Na+ transportation rate and xylem Na+ loading relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microelectronic Ion Flux Estimation results indicated that HVP10 likely modulates Na+ sequestration into the root vacuole by acting synergistically with Na+/H+ antiporters (HvNHX1 and HvNHX4) to enhance H+ efflux and K+ maintenance in roots. Moreover, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing HVP10 also showed higher salt tolerance than the WT at both seedling and adult stages with less Na+ translocation to shoots and higher grain yields under salt stress. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of HVP10 underlying salt tolerance and highlights its potential in improving crop salt tolerance.
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Whalen, Joann K., Shamim Gul, Vincent Poirier, Sandra F. Yanni, Myrna J. Simpson, Joyce S. Clemente, Xiaojuan Feng, et al. "Transforming plant carbon into soil carbon: Process-level controls on carbon sequestration." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 6 (August 2014): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-145.
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Whalen, J. K., Gul, S., Poirier, V., Yanni, S. F., Simpson, M. J., Clemente, J. S., Feng, X., Grayston, S. J., Barker, J., Gregorich, E. G., Angers, D. A., Rochette, P. and Janzen, H. H. 2014. Transforming plant carbon into soil carbon: Process-level controls on carbon sequestration. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1065–1073. Plants figure prominently in efforts to promote C sequestration in agricultural soils, and to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of the project was to measure the transformations of plant carbon in soil through controlled laboratory experiments, to further understand (1) root-associated CO2 and N2O production during a plant's life cycle, (2) decomposition of plant residues leading to CO2 production, and (3) stabilization and retention of undecomposed plant residues and microbial by-products in the resistant soil C fraction. Experimental plant materials included transgenic near isolines of Zea mays L. and cell wall mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, selected for their diverse residue chemistry. Phenology, morphology and above-ground biomass affected soil respiration and N2O production in root-associated soils. Mineralization of C and N from incubated plant–soil mixtures was complemented with stable isotope tracing (13C, 15N) and 13C-phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Advanced chemical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical separation (particle size and density separation) were used to track the transformations of plant C into stable soil C compounds. Conceptual models were proposed to explain how the plant residue chemistry×soil physico-chemical interaction affects C sequestration. Incorporating single gene mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis into agricultural and bioenergy crops has the potential to alter short- and long-term C cycling in agroecosystems.
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Ahmed, Ibrahim A. M., Ibrahim Ortaş, Celal Yucel, Abdullah Oktem, Derya Yucel, and Md Toufiq Iqbal. "Root traits and carbon input by sweet sorghum genotypes differs in two climatic conditions." January 2020, no. 14(01) 2020 (January 20, 2020): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.01.p1782.
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Response of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] root traits and carbon (C) input under two different climatic condition is not well understood. The aims of this study were to characterize and compare root biomass and root traits of several sweet sorghum genotypes at field condition and to estimate their C input to into soil. Roots and shoots were analyzed for C concentration and CO2 was calculated. Root samples were collected through monolith root sampling techniques. Root morphological characteristics like root surface area and root volume were differed between locations as well as locations × genotypes interactions. Root surface area varies from 423,800 to 887,800 m2 ha-1 in Mediterranean soil and 339,100 to 579,600 m2ha-1 for Harran soil. All sweet sorghum genotypes inputs root and shoot C as well as CO2 higher in Mediterranean than Harran soil. Root C input varies from 140 to 386 Mg ha-1 in Mediterranean soil and 112 to 224 Mg ha-1 for Harran soil. A greater diversity of root traits was found on several sweet sorghum genotypes irrespective to plant biomass C inputs into the soil. However, compared to several sweet sorghum genotypes, their lower C input to soil needs to be recognized to ensure a balanced C budget. This study concluded that several sweet sorghum genotypes can be a good source of soil C sequestration under different climatic conditions of Turkey.
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Zhang, Baoshan, Ran Gao, and Xibin Dong. "The Seasonal Impact of Thinning Intensities on Soil Carbon Cycling in the Lesser Xing’an Range, Northeast China." Forests 15, no. 3 (February 27, 2024): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030449.
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Forest degradation, driven by human and natural factors, diminishes ecological functions and carbon storage. Understanding the complex dynamics of soil carbon pools is crucial for the global carbon cycle, although these dynamics are poorly understood. This study examines how different thinning intensities influence seasonal soil carbon cycling in degraded forests. ANOVA revealed significant differences in soil properties across treatments (p < 0.05). Redundancy analysis and random forest analyses were used to explore relationships among thinning intensities, soil properties, and carbon sequestration. Thinning significantly altered soil attributes, as revealed by field experiments and data analysis. Moderate thinning (20% intensity) significantly enhanced litter retention and soil nutrient levels year-round (p < 0.05). Seasonal variations affected soil carbon dynamics and lower thinning intensities improved carbon sequestration in spring and summer. Conversely, higher thinning intensities led to carbon loss in autumn and winter. Litter carbon, fine root carbon, and correction factor significantly respond to thinning intensities year-round as examined through redundancy analysis and random forest analyses. Findings indicate moderate thinning effectively enhances soil carbon sequestration in degraded forests. Strategically planned thinning could aid climate change mitigation by boosting forest soil carbon storage, influencing forest management and conservation.
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Mishra, Sarita, Ajay Kumar Mishra, Rahul Arya, and Vikash Chandra Mishra. "Evaluating the Influence of Ecological Diversity on Glomalin Production and Its Implications for Multifunctionality in Ecosystem Services." Innovation Discovery 1, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53964/id.2024020.
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This review examines the role of Glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in soil ecosystems. It covers methods for extracting Glomalin, its molecular characterization, and its function in soil health, including nutrient cycling, heavy metal sequestration, and organic contaminant degradation. The review emphasizes the importance of ecological diversity, highlighting how plant diversity, mycorrhizal associations, and root exudates influence Glomalin production and microbial community structure. These factors contribute to Glomalin's key role in soil stability, carbon sequestration, and overall ecosystem health. The study also explores Glomalin's implications in various systems such as forestry, agroforestry, and agriculture. Glomalin contributes to soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon storage in forestry systems, with tree species diversity affecting its accumulation. Agroforestry practices enhance Glomalin levels, promoting soil health and carbon sequestration. In agricultural systems, farming practices like monoculture vs. polyculture and crop rotation strategies impact Glomalin production, influencing soil fertility and health. Despite the progress, the review identifies methodological challenges in Glomalin research and suggests future directions, including the need for standardized protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and integration of emerging technologies. Understanding Glomalin's role in ecosystem services and managing its production can lead to sustainable soil management and environmental conservation.
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S., Fathima Umkhulzum, Sharu S.R., Sethulakshmi V.S., and Shalini Pillai P. "Perennial Fodder Crops as a Tool for Soil Carbon Management in Agroecosystems." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 11 (October 30, 2024): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i114549.
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Carbon sequestration, typically referred to as carbon storage is defined as the “long-term storage of carbon in plants, soils, geologic formations and the ocean, which occurs both naturally and as a result of anthropogenic activities”. With respect to agricultural sector, carbon sequestration is viewed as the capability of agriculture lands to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Out of the different ways in play, cultivation of fodder crops turns out to be promising due to its high biomass production, root proliferation, mostly perennial nature, suitability for wastelands and most importantly as the feed for livestock. Restoration of degraded lands, adoption of pasture-based agroforestry systems, inclusion of grasses, sowing of improved forage species, grazing management, nutrient and water management are strategies that aid in improving carbon sequestration in fodder production systems. Perennial fodder grasses and fodder legumes such as alfalfa are excellent for carbon storage as they do not require replanting after each harvest which avoids soil disturbances that usually associate with annual crops. Carbon neutral methods of cultivation is greatly hoped to convert agriculture from a source of carbon to a permanent sink of carbon at a faster pace.
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Zheng, Yaojie, Dirk B. Hays, Russell W. Jessup, and Bo Zhang. "Breeding Potential for Increasing Carbon Sequestration via Rhizomatous Grain Sorghum." Plants 14, no. 5 (February 26, 2025): 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14050713.
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Rhizomes, key carbon sequestration sinks in perennial crops, are hypothesized to exhibit a trade-off with grain yield. This study evaluated rhizomatous grain sorghum populations for increasing carbon sequestration potential. Twelve F3:4 heterogeneous inbred families (HIFs) from a Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc cross were tested in a greenhouse, and two F4:5 HIF progenies were field tested. Traits measured included rhizome biomass, root biomass, total belowground biomass, and grain yield. Rhizome biomass showed high heritability (0.723) and correlated strongly with belowground biomass (r1 = 0.95; r2 = 0.97) in both F4:5 HIFs, suggesting the potential of rhizomes to sequester carbon. Contrary to the hypothesized trade-off, a positive relationship between rhizome biomass and grain yield was observed, potentially via rhizome-derived shoots, and individual plants pyramiding high rhizome biomass, biomass yield, and grain yield were also identified. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA), twenty simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to eight genomic regions associated with rhizome presence were identified, with five regions potentially being novel. This study suggests that breeding rhizomatous grain sorghum with high rhizome biomass could enhance carbon sequestration while preserving agronomic yields, offering new insights for future breeding and mapping initiatives.
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Chen, Tianxiao, Yanan Niu, Changdeng Yang, Yan Liang, and Jianlong Xu. "Screening of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance and Dissecting Determinants of Tolerance Mechanism." Plants 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2024): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13071036.
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Soil salinity imposes osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses on plants, resulting in growth inhibition, developmental changes, metabolic adaptations, and ion sequestration or exclusion. Identifying salinity-tolerant resources and understanding physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance could lay a foundation for the improvement of salinity tolerance in rice. In this study, a series of salinity-tolerance-related morphological and physiological traits were investigated in 46 rice genotypes, including Sea Rice 86, to reveal the main strategies of rice in responding to salinity stress at the seedling stage. No genotypes showed the same tolerance level as the two landraces Pokkali and Nona Bokra, which remain the donors for improving the salinity tolerance of rice. However, due to undesirable agronomic traits of these donors, alternative cultivars such as JC118S and R1 are recommended as novel source of salinity tolerance. Correlation and principal component analyses revealed that the salinity tolerance of rice seedlings is not only controlled by growth vigor but also regulated by ion transport pathways such as long-distance Na+ transport, root Na+ sequestration, and root K+ retention. Therefore, such key traits should be targeted in future breeding programs as the strategy of obtaining better Na+ exclusion is still the bottleneck for improving salinity tolerance in rice.
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Gong, Zhilian, Ya Tang, Wenlai Xu, and Zishen Mou. "Rapid Sequestration of Ecosystem Carbon in 30-year Reforestation with Mixed Species in Dry Hot Valley of the Jinsha River." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111937.
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Reforestation plays an important role in the carbon cycle and climate change. However, knowledge of ecosystem carbon sequestration through reforestation with mixed species is limited. Especially in dry hot valley of the Jinsha River, no studies cover total ecosystem carbon sequestration level in mature mixed plantations for a limited area of mixed plantations and difficulty in the sampling of plant roots and deep soil. In this study, carbon sequestration of seven mixed plantations of different ages in dry hot valley of the Jinsha River was investigated with analogous sites method. The results are as follows: 1) Deep soil organic carbon (SOC) storage significantly increased with stand age (p = 0.025), possibly due to fine root exudates and dissolved organic carbon transportation into deep soil and retention. 2) Total biomass carbon storage in the 30-year-old mixed plantation was 77.78 t C ha−1, 54 times reference wasteland and 9 times reference natural recovery shrub-grassland. However, total biomass carbon storage of 30-year-old mixed plantation was insignificantly lower than that of reference natural forest (p = 0.429). After 30 years of reforestation, plantation biomass carbon storage recovered to reference level, and its sequestration rate was 2.54 t C ha−1 yr−1. 3) The total ecosystem carbon storage of 30-year-old mixed plantation was 185.50 t C ha−1, 2.38 times reference wasteland, 2.29 times reference natural recovery shrub grassland, and 29% lower than reference natural forest. It indicated that niche complementary, good stand structure, and characteristics of dominant species Leucaena leucocephala in mixed plantations facilitate more rapid carbon sequestration, especially biomass carbon in the dry hot valley.
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Xu, J. G., and N. G. Juma. "Carbon kinetics in a Black Chernozem with roots in situ." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-043.
Full textAbstract:
The rates of decomposition of roots and root-derived materials are needed to assess the contribution of these materials to sequestration of organic carbon in soil. The objective of this study was to examine the kinetics of different forms of C in a Black Chernozem, with roots in situ under two barley cultivars, using 14C pulse-labeling and incubation methods. Plants were pulse-labeled (1 d) with 14CO2 25 d after emergence. Shoots were excised, and undisturbed soil cores containing the roots of a single plant were incubated at 20 °C for 80 d. The experiment involved two barley cultivars, with six replications at six sampling dates (days 0, 5, 10, 25, 40 and 80). The percentage of the labile components in roots of Abee (48%) was greater than that of Samson (39%), but the half lives of the labile components (0.693 k−1) of the roots were not significantly different between the two barley cultivars. The decomposition-rate constants for the resistant components of the roots were also not significantly different between the two barley cultivars. This indicated that the difference between the two barley cultivars in root decomposition rate could be explained by the difference in the ratios of the labile components to the resistant components. The average half life of 14C in roots was 41 d for Abee and 71 d for Samson. The amount of root 14C + soil 14C under Samson was higher than under Abee during the incubation period. These results supported our hypothesis that the cultivar that translocated more 14C-labeled carbon into roots and root-derived material has greater microbial respiration and greater C stabilization because a portion of added C remains in the soil after being transformed by microorganisms. Key words: Carbon kinetics, carbon sequestration, roots in situ, 14C pulse-labeling, Black Chernozem
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Kuryntseva, Polina, Kamalya Karamova, Polina Galitskaya, Svetlana Selivanovskaya, and Gennady Evtugyn. "Biochar Functions in Soil Depending on Feedstock and Pyrolyzation Properties with Particular Emphasis on Biological Properties." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (October 15, 2023): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13102003.
Full textAbstract:
Biochar effects are strongly dependent on its properties. Biochar improves physical soil properties by decreasing bulk density and increasing medium and large aggregates, leading to faster and deeper water infiltration and root growth. Improvement of the chemical properties of soil is connected with pH neutralization of acidic soils, increase of cation exchange capacity and base saturation, providing a larger surface for sorption of toxicants and exchange of cations. Biochar increases the stocks of macro- and micronutrients in soil and remains sufficient for decades. Biochar effects on (micro)biological properties are mainly indirect, based on the improvements of habitat conditions for organisms, deeper root growth providing available C for larger soil volume, higher crop yield leading to more residues on and in the topsoil, better and deeper soil moisture, supply of all nutrients, and better aeration. Along with positive, negative effects of biochar while used as a soil conditioner are discussed in the review: presence of PAH, excessive amounts of K, Ca and Mg, declination of soil pH. In conclusion, despite the removal of C from the biological cycle by feedstock pyrolysis, the subsequent application of biochar into soil increases fertility and improves physical and chemical properties for root and microbial growth is a good amendment for low fertility soils. Proper use of biochar leads not only to an increase in crop yield but also to effective sequestration of carbon in the soil, which is important to consider when economically assessing its production. Further research should be aimed at assessing and developing methods for increasing the sequestration potential of biochar as fertilizer.
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Gao, Fei, Xiaoyang Cui, Mengdie Chen, and Ying Sang. "Forest Conversion Changes Soil Particulate Organic Carbon and Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon via Plant Inputs and Microbial Processes." Forests 14, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061234.
Full textAbstract:
Primary forest conversion greatly influences soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, our understanding of how primary forest conversion affects SOC fractions and chemical component evenness remains limited. We examined how primary forest conversion (from primary mixed broadleaved Korean pine forest to secondary broadleaved forest and coniferous plantation) affects free particulate OC (POC), aggregate-occluded POC, mineral-associated OC (MAOC), and their chemical component evenness via plant inputs (e.g., litter and fine roots) and microbial properties (e.g., microbial biomass and residue C) in Northeast China. Primary forest conversion led to a large increase in litter and fine root quality (lower C/N ratio), SOC, and MBC of secondary forests and a reduction in litter and fine root quantity and quality, SOC, MBC, and microbial residue C of plantations, which drove changes in POC and MAOC. As a result, after conversion to secondary forests, free POC decreased by 20.3% and aggregate-occluded POC increased by 57.2%. After conversion to plantations, free POC increased by 49.1%, while aggregate-occluded POC and MAOC decreased by 42.4% and 9.0%, respectively. Free POC was negatively correlated with fine root biomass. Aggregate-occluded POC and MAOC were positively correlated with litter and fine root quality, MBC, and microbial residue C. Meanwhile, forest conversion decreased the evenness of free and aggregate-occluded POC chemical components in secondary forests, with O-alky C being higher and aromatic C being lower, while MAOC was not affected by forest conversion. The evenness of free and aggregate-occluded POC chemical components was associated with litter and fine root quality, and that of MAOC was associated with MBC and microbial residue C. High-quality plant inputs benefit OC sequestration in soil aggregates and MAOM through microbial assimilation and residue accumulation after primary forest conversion. Future forest management should consider tree species with high-quality input as a possible compensation for climate change by sequestering more OC in soil aggregates.
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Ezcurra, Paula, Exequiel Ezcurra, Pedro P. Garcillán, Matthew T. Costa, and Octavio Aburto-Oropeza. "Coastal landforms and accumulation of mangrove peat increase carbon sequestration and storage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 16 (March 28, 2016): 4404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519774113.
Full textAbstract:
Given their relatively small area, mangroves and their organic sediments are of disproportionate importance to global carbon sequestration and carbon storage. Peat deposition and preservation allows some mangroves to accrete vertically and keep pace with sea-level rise by growing on their own root remains. In this study we show that mangroves in desert inlets in the coasts of the Baja California have been accumulating root peat for nearly 2,000 y and harbor a belowground carbon content of 900–34,00 Mg C/ha, with an average value of 1,130 (± 128) Mg C/ha, and a belowground carbon accumulation similar to that found under some of the tallest tropical mangroves in the Mexican Pacific coast. The depth–age curve for the mangrove sediments of Baja California indicates that sea level in the peninsula has been rising at a mean rate of 0.70 mm/y (± 0.07) during the last 17 centuries, a value similar to the rates of sea-level rise estimated for the Caribbean during a comparable period. By accreting on their own accumulated peat, these desert mangroves store large amounts of carbon in their sediments. We estimate that mangroves and halophyte scrubs in Mexico’s arid northwest, with less than 1% of the terrestrial area, store in their belowground sediments around 28% of the total belowground carbon pool of the whole region.
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Raithak, Pranita V., Arvind S. Dhabe, Sandeep T. Atkore, D. Narsimhaswamy, and Ravi Varala. "Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial Compounds from Berberis aristata Root Extract." Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology 09, no. 01 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55434/cbi.2021.9104.
Full textAbstract:
Berberis aristata (Berberidaceae) is an influential medicinal plant and found in the different provinces of the world. It has compelling medicinal value in the traditional Indian system of medicine. More multitudinous secondary metabolites are contemporary within the plants, which helps to cure the disease. The chromatographic techniques have significant role in natural products chemistry and discovery of innovative compounds of pharmaceutical and biomedical importance. The aim of the present study is to evaluate sequestration of secondary metabolites using column-chromatographic techniques and this metabolites can be further secluded, identified by using LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS system and also performed its antimicrobial activity. These metabolites were characterized for determination of medicinal properties. This study helps to identify the presence of secondary metabolic compounds in the plant.